Iria: Zeiram the Animation

, stylized as I・Я・I・A ZЁIЯAM THE ANIMATION, is a six-episode original video animation (OVA) anime series produced by Ashi Productions and directed by Tetsurō Amino. The series serves as a prequel to the original live-action film Zeiram, taking place several years earlier when the female bounty hunter protagonist Iria is still a rookie and detailing the events surrounding her first encounter with the unstoppable Zeiram. This does somewhat contradict the films, which imply that Iria's first encounter with Zeiram was in the first film.

Plot
The story begins with Iria as an apprentice to her older brother, Gren, a veteran bounty hunter, and his partner Bob, who work for Ghomvak Security along with a somewhat loutish hunter named Fujikuro. During a rescue mission to a hijacked spaceship called the Karma, they discover that the hijacker is actually a seemingly indestructible alien called Zeiram that broke out of the cargo hold during transit and began to massacre the crew. Bob is critically wounded by Zeiram while evacuating the survivors, and Gren is lost while attempting to kill Zeiram by destroying the Karma. Returning to Myce, Iria finds herself targeted by assassins working for Tedan Tippedai, the corporation that owned the Karma, and discovers a covered-up plot to control Zeiram in order to use it as a weapon. Iria escapes with the help of Fujikuro and reunites with Bob, who never recovered from his injuries but had his mind downloaded into a computer program. Together they continue to investigate rumours that Zeiram has appeared on Myce, and try to find out what happened to Gren, who also seems to have survived the Karmas destruction....

Characters

 Iria hails from the Batabitajira region of the planet Myce and is employed by Ghomvak Security & Investigations, a bounty hunting agency. She is something of a tomboy and is considered eccentric for her habit of wearing men's hair ornaments. Her hunter ID number is 9799-5. A hunter's rank is identified by the colour of a stone pendant which resembles a magatama. Iria's pendant as an apprentice is pink with two small dots on it, but when she receives her full license and ID number she is given a blue stone with three red dots on it. Although she is just a rookie at first and a bit reckless, Iria makes up for it with natural ability and a sharp mind. Her appearance in the OVA was designed by Masakazu Katsura, loosely based on the original designs by the creator of the Zeiram series, Keita Amemiya.

 Glenn ("Gren" in the Media Blasters/CPM English dub) is often seen as Iria's older brother and a full-fledged hunter. In episode 5 however, it is hinted by Fujikuro that Glenn might not be Iria's brother but is possibly her onii-san (a Japanese term used for both older brothers and close older male figures). He taught Iria much of what she knows about hunting and serves as a mentor for her apprenticeship. He wears a blue cloak and hair beads which are similar to Iria as well as an unusual pendant which is later found by Kay. Glenn is thought to have died in the explosion of the Karma in the first episode but is later found to have been assimilated by Zeiram.

 Bob is an agent of Ghomvak Security & Investigations and brings prime jobs to Glenn and Iria (and elementary jobs to Fujikuro). He often helps out on these jobs as well and is severely injured by Zeiram on the Karma job. Following his escape from the Karma his personality is transferred to a computer by Puttubayh. In his computer form (resembling a vajra though on Iria's personal com system his form is simpler, resembling two floating cones sandwiching a smaller sphere) he is retrieved by Iria and helps her on her missions.

 A jaded veteran hunter who claims to only grudgingly help Iria from time to time because he is promised money from Bob. However, as the show goes on, a softer side of him is shown, and it soon becomes obvious that he genuinely cares about her safety; he prevents Kay from going on her own against the Zeiram as well. He also resents that Bob frequently assigns the "good cases" to Glenn and Iria, while he's left with lesser cases himself.
 While he shares the name of a character in the second Zeiram film, their relations to Iria and general personalities are totally different. While the animated version is an older and sympathetic character, the movie version is a simple thief who uses Iria to help steal a rare artifact before being imprisoned by Bob.

 An orphan child from the Shadow District (Shadow Zone in the dub) of the resort planet Taowajan. Originally thought to be a boy, she was revealed to be a girl by Fujikuro. She befriends Iria and idolizes her much like Iria idolizes Glenn. She helps Iria in her battles against Zeiram. She is something of a tech wizard (she can pilot the space shuttle better than Iria and rigs a portable forcefield device that was crucial in Iria's last fight against Zeiram).

 A second Shadow District/Zone orphan and Kay's closest friend. Komimasa dies at the end of episode 4, impaled by the Zeiram/Glenn clone as he attempts to get a weapon to Iria as she is in its line of fire.

 A scientist, Zeiram expert and the sole surviving member of the original research team. First mentioned by Bob (while confronting Puttubayh) in episode 1, he is not physically seen until the second half of the series when his ship (on its way to Myce with Kay and Komimasa also on board as stowaways)is hijacked.

 Zeiram is the ultimate being and virtually indestructible. In addition to being extremely powerful, Zeiram can generate imperfect clones of itself to assist in battle. Zeiram also needs to assimilate other life forms in order to sustain itself, but in doing so it is thought that Zeiram can learn whatever is known by the organism being assimilated. Zeiram is not a unique creature and other versions of itself are known to exist throughout the universe. Later in the show Zeiram attempts to contact other Zeirams in order to bring them to Myce.

 The vice-president of Tidan Tippidai Corporation and the person responsible for bringing Zeiram to Myce (and to a latter degree, Taowajan), with plans to use it as a weapon. Plans, foolishly divulged to his mistress in a chip stored inside a locket found by Iria on board the Karma and not shared by the Corporation who go so far as canceling the rescue mission, stating that everyone on board (including Puttubayh and Bob) perished and now putting a bounty on Iria's head for her knowledge to cover-up his plans and the Karma incident.

MediaU.S. DVD releaseIria - Zeiram the Animation, Episodes 1-6 (released July 14, 2000) (out of print)
Iria - Zeiram the Animation Collection (released March 30, 2004)
Iria Zeiram: The Animation Master Collection (released March 8, 2016)Original Soundtrack'''
 Iria: Zeiram the Animation (released October 1, 1996)

Opening Theme
, performed by Yayoi Gotō.

Ending Theme
, performed by SAEKO.

Video game versionsIRIA was adapted into a Japan-only video game for the Super Famicom called Hyper Iria, although it does not seem to follow the storyline of the OVA very closely. Iria also appears as the main character in Zeiram Zone for the PlayStation.

 Reception
Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies'' called the anime an "excellent piece of science fiction", praising the character design. She stated that "the worlds feel truly futuristic and alien, the action sequences are convincing, the music is great, and a slowly emerging conspiracy plot is the icing on the cake."

References

External links

 The Hunter: Iria the Computer Animation (Iria vs. Lara Croft) 2001 PEI / 21st Century Anime

Category:1994 anime OVAs
Category:Adventure anime and manga
Category:Anime Works
Category:Ashi Productions
Category:Central Park Media
Category:Fictional bounty hunters
Category:Masakazu Katsura
Category:Science fiction anime and manga
Category:Discotek Media
Category:Female characters in anime and manga
Category:Works adapted into video games


List of archaeology and history books

Here is a list of notable archaeology books :

The Adventure of Archaeology
Aku-Aku
Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
Ancient Ruins and Archaeology
Anglo-Saxon Deviant Burial Customs
Le Antichità di Ercolano
The Archaeology of Death and Burial
The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual
The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic
The Archaeology of Shamanism

The Bible Unearthed
The Bog People
British Archaeological Reports
The British Edda

Canada's Stonehenge

Death and Memory in Early Medieval Britain
Did God Have a Wife?

Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture

Facts on the Ground
Fragments from Antiquity

Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
Gods, Graves and Scholars

Hidden Treasures of Swat
Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial

Inside the Neolithic Mind

Lost Cities and Vanished Civilizations

The Making of the English Landscape
The Megalithic European
The Megaliths of Upper Laos
The Mind in the Cave
Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions
Mission de Phénicie (1865–1874)
The Modern Antiquarian

One World Archaeology

The Pagan Middle Ages
Perfect Order
El Perú (book)

Rites of the Gods
Ritual and Domestic Life in Prehistoric Europe
Rock Art and the Prehistory of Atlantic Europe

A Short History of Progress
Signals of Belief in Early England
The Significance of Monuments
Stonehenge in its landscape
Symbols of Power

The Tribe of Witches

The Viking Way (book)

Where Troy Once Stood
Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?

Category:Archaeology books


Yunogo Onsen

or simply Yunogō is a hot spring town located in Mimasaka city of Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The waters of the Yunogo hot springs (onsen in Japanese) are a mixture of sodium chloride and calcium chloride, with the amount of discharge at 540 L/min. The waters are said to have healing effects on those suffering from chronic digestive disorders, nerve pain, rheumatism, arthralgia, chronic feminine problems, and skin problems.

History

Yunogo Onsen is known as “Sagi no-yu,” or hot water of the heron (sagi is the Japanese word for egret or heron) because 1,200 years ago a Buddhist high priest named En-nin-houshi discovered an injured heron bathing its wounded leg in the waters of a hot spring in Yunogo.  This is how the special healing powers of these waters were discovered, and they now have evolved into a spot where people come to relax and enjoy the waters. There is a statue of En-nin with a heron outside of the “Yunogo Sagi Onsen-kan,” the public bathhouse created in the exact spot where the heron's hot spring was discovered.

Events
 Night Time Cherry Blossom Watching - Early April - The night time cherry blossom watching bus tour to Tsuyama Castle (Kakuzan Park.) This is one of the best cherry blossom viewing spots in western Japan. (bus: 30 min. one way)
 Koinobori (carp streamer) - Early April to early May - 30 koinobori are flown from the “You-ragi Bridge” on the Yoshino River.
 Mimasaka Furusato Summer Festival, Firework Show - Early July - Many night vendor stalls open at the time of festival, alongside a firework show.
 Yu-jinja Shrine Autumn Festival - Middle of October - Hoping for fertility, people carrying miniature shrines (mikoshi) and danjiri walk around the area in Yunogo.
 Decorative Illumination - Early December to early January - Decorations illuminate the spring resort area in the winter night.

Points of Interest
 You-ragi Bridge Fountain - A  fountain in the image of a white heron stands as a symbol of Yunogo Onsen. The fountain illuminates during nighttime.
 Japan Museum of Contemporary Toy & Hall of Music Box - More than 100-year-old music boxes and wind-up dolls, as well as the toys made after 1950 are exhibited.
 Yunogo Onsen Train Model & Retro Toy House - Diorama of train models and classic toys are collected here.
 Ohyama Observatory - A vast and panoramic view of Yunogo Onsen and the Chūgoku Mountains can be seen from this observatory.
 Roadside station, Saisai-jaya - The delicacies of Sakushu, black soybeans and other processed foods, as well as local foods and flowers of the season can be purchased here.

Access
By Bus: 1 hour and 40 min. from JR Okayama St. by bus headed to “Yunogo Onsen”. Get off the bus at “Yunogo.”  40 min. from Tsuyama St. of the JR Tsuyama Line by bus headed to “Yunogo Onsen.” Get off the bus at “Yunogo.”
By Car: 10 min. from Mimasaka IC of Chugoku Express Way

References

External links

 Official Yunogo Onsen Town Homepage (Japanese)
 Official Okayama Prefecture Tourism Information Homepage

Category:Hot springs of Japan
Category:Spa towns in Japan
Category:Tourist attractions in Okayama Prefecture


SEAP Games 2

REDIRECT 1961 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games


Willey, Shropshire

Willey is a small village south west of the town of Broseley, Shropshire, England, within the civil parish of Barrow. It is made up of about 4 farms and the majority of land is owned and leased by the Weld-Forester family of Willey Hall. Willey also sports a proud cricket team like many small villages around the United Kingdom.

The village was the site of one of John Wilkinson's ironworks in the 18th century. The world's first iron boat, a barge,  was built there in 1787.

Willey Park, the landscaped grounds of Willey Hall, contains a war memorial in form of a stone Celtic cross, originally erected by the 6th Baron Forester, to the men of the parishes of Barrow and Willey who died serving in the World Wars.

The Church of England parish church at Willey, the family burying place of the Lords Forester, is maintained by the Forester family but is no longer open for regular worship nor open to the public except by arrangement with the estate office or when the church, with the Willey Park gardens, is opened under the National Gardens Scheme.

See also
Listed buildings in Barrow, Shropshire

References

Category:Villages in Shropshire


Antonio Najarro

Antonio Najarro (born 22 November 1975 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish flamenco dancer and figure skating choreographer.                             Film: " Antonio Najarro, la danse espagnole en partage "  (2014/2015 )    53 min director: Jean-Marie David

Career

Flamenco dancer
Najarro is one of the most recognized flamenco dancers in Spain. At age 15 he began his career getting a Distinction in Spanish Dance in the Real Conservatorio Profesional de Danza in Madrid working in the company “Ballet Teatro Español de Rafael Aguilar”, where he gained soloist roles portraying characters such as Lucas El Torero in their production of Carmen, which travelled throughout Europe. He then worked in companies including “Ballet Antología”, “José Antonio y los Ballets Españoles”, “Compañía Antonio Márquez”, and “Compañía Aída Gómez”.

He later started working as a principal dancer with Rafael Aguilar, Antonio Gades, and other artists. He also took part in the National Ballet of Spain, sharing the stage with Carla Fracci and others.

As a creator, his choreographies are part of the repertoire of dance institutions of Spain including the Real Conservatorio de Danza de Madrid, the Ballet Nacional de España, and the company “José Antonio y los Ballets Españoles”.

In 2002, he created the company Antonio Najarro, with which he has been presenting shows worldwide such as "Tango Flamenco", "Flamencoriental", and "Jazzing Flamenco".

Figure skating choreographer
As a figure skating choreographer, his clients include:
Jeremy Abbott
Marina Anissina & Gwendal Peizerat
Pernelle Carron & Lloyd Jones
Brian Joubert
Stéphane Lambiel
Nathalie Péchalat & Fabian Bourzat
Kaitlyn Weaver & Andrew Poje
Javier Fernandez
Sara Hurtado & Kirill Khaliavin
Sara Hurtado & Adrián Díaz

He has also been a choreographer of various ice shows such as  "Art on Ice", "Dreams on Ice", "Fantasy on Ice"  and "Champions on Ice" in Japan, Russia, France, Switzerland and the United States.

Awards
Among others he has received this individual recognitions:

 First prize for choreography at the Eighth Choreographic Contest of Spanish Dance and Flamenco de Madrid.
 First Prize for Choreography at the First International Dance Competition, Teatro Central in Seville.
 Prize for best young choreographer Harlequin 2009.
 MAX Award for Outstanding Performance Arts Dance Men.

With his choreography, skaters have won:
 2002 Olympic gold medal in ice dancing, won by Marina Anissina & Gwendal Peizerat. Najarro choreographed their "Flamenco" original dance.
 2007 World bronze medal, Grand Prix Final gold medal and 2008 European silver medal, won by Swiss Stéphane Lambiel. Najarro choreographed "Poet" and "Otoño Porteño".

References

External links
Official website

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Madrid
Category:Spanish male dancers
Category:Flamenco dancers
Category:Spanish male ballet dancers


Vankor 350

The Vankor 350 is a NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series race that takes place at Texas Motor Speedway. The 1999 race was 300 kilometers and the 2000 race was 400 kilometers. Starting in 2001, the race is now 350 kilometers. The race moved to the spring for the 2019 season.

Past winners

2000: Greg Biffle clinched the 2000 series title in this race; additionally, driver Tony Roper was severely injured in a crash on lap 33, and died the following day, becoming the third NASCAR fatality that year.
2001: Race postponed from September 15 because of the September 11 attacks.
2006, 2007, 2011 & 2014: Race extended because of a green–white–checker finish.

Multiple winners (drivers)

Multiple winners (teams)

Manufacturer wins

See also
 2011 WinStar World Casino 350K

References

Category:NASCAR Truck Series races

Category:Annual sporting events in the United States
Category:1999 establishments in Texas
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1999


Krabi–krabong

Krabi-Krabong (, ) is a weapon-based martial art from Thailand. It is closely related to other Southeast Asian fighting styles such as Malay silat, Burmese banshay and Cambodian kbach kun boran. The royal bodyguard corps of the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) were said to be highly trained in krabi-krabong.

Weapons

The system's name refers to its main weapons, namely the Thai sword (krabi) and staff (krabong). Typically, two swords (daab song mue) are wielded as a pair. Unarmed krabi-krabong (muay boran) makes use of kicks, pressure point strikes, joint locks, holds, and throws.

The weapons of krabi-krabong include the following:
 Krabi (): sabre/curved sword
 Daab (): single-edge sword
 Krabong (): stick/ cudgel, usually either paired or used with a shield. Not very popular in present-day so often got confused with long pole
 Daab song mue (): Thai double swords, one in each hand
 Kean/Lo (): buckler/shield made from wood or buffalo hide
 Phlong (): staff/pole, often mislabeled as Krabong
 Ngao (): bladed staff
 Mai sok san (): a pair of clubs worn on the forearms

Origins

Krabi–krabong was developed by the ancient Thai warriors for fighting on the battlefield. It was likely used in conjunction with muay boran but whether the two arts were developed together or independently is uncertain. Early warfare in Indochina was mostly between rival kingdoms and were fought en masse. Individual fighters were armoured and carried rhino hide shields. The Burmese invasion of 1767 resulted in the loss of many historical records and cultural documents. However, the Thai fighting arts were traditionally passed down orally and did not rely on written documents for their preservation. Simon de la Loubère, the French diplomat from the court of Louis XIV, observed the existence of muay Thai and Krabi–krabong in his famous account Du Royaume de Siam (1689) while visiting the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1688. We thus can assume that Krabi–krabong, along with Muay Thai, has long been practiced in the pre-modern Siam.

Archaeological findings and classical dances bear testament to the myriad of weapons that were once used in Thailand. Some of them are no longer found in the country's martial arts today, such as the kris (dagger), hawk (spear), trishula (either long or tekpi "short-handled trident"), daab (straight sword) and vajra. Entire dances were built on individual weapons, and calisthenics used by the modern Thai military are still based on these dances.

The weapons, their design and the pre-fight war dance in krabi-krabong show evidence of Indian derivation combined with Chinese characteristics. South Indian scholars, holy men, settlers and traders were especially influential in the evolution of Thai culture and martial arts. The Tamil stick-fighting style of silambam was of particular importance to the history of numerous Southeast Asian fighting systems. During the colonial period, silambam became more common in Southeast Asia than in India where it was banned by the British rulers.

Asian elephants were an integral part of warfare in Thailand. They would commonly be mounted by higher-ranking warriors like generals or royalty. To choose a successor to Intaraja I, his two sons fought on elephants. Krabi–krabong was often practiced by the palace mahouts or elephant trainers. From the back of an elephant, archers could shoot arrows at enemies below or, if he was wielding a polearm, engage in hand-to-hand combat with another mounted fighter. After the 15th-century introduction of gunpowder, elephants served as tanks with cannons mounted on their backs. The legs were the war-elephant's weak spot, so they had to be guarded by up to four foot soldiers. Although mahouts no longer practice martial arts, reenactments of such battles are staged by performers who are often from families that have been training elephants since the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

As Indochinese trade extended to Japan, small communities of Japanese people were living and trading around the region. After the Battle Of Sekigahara in 1600, many of those from the losing side of the war came to Thailand. Others were pirates or official traders who arrived on the Red Seal Ships. The Japanese fled Ayutthaya after the Bamars invaded in 1767 but they left their influence on the local fighting arts. Many of the techniques, stances, weapons and throws of krabi-krabong are similar to those found in jujutsu and Okinawan kobudō.

In Thailand, as with other countries in Southern and Southeast Asia, monks acted as teachers to their local community. Young boys would be sent to the temples where, aside from learning about Theravada Buddhism, they would be taught subjects ranging from languages to astrology. One such establishment was the Buddhaisawan Temple in Ayutthaya where the monks taught sword-fighting to their students. The origin of these monks is unknown but they are believed to have come from the kingdom of Lan Na in Northern Thailand. The modern Buddhaisawan Sword Fighting Institute was led by Sumai Mesamana until his death in 1998. His son Pramote Mesamana began training in krabi-krabong at the age of 6. According to the younger Mesamana, the art was passed down in his family from father to son ever since the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

Historical practitioners

Naresuan the Great
During the 16th century, the First Toungoo Empire ruled over parts of Thailand. Naresuan was born to King Maha Thammaracha but until the age of 16 he was a hostage of the Bamars. Upon his return to the Ayutthaya Kingdom, he renounced allegiance to Bamars on behalf of his father the king. Having studied at Wat Buddhaisawan, Naresuan was well-versed in fighting with the single-edge sword (daab). The Bamars attacked the capital numerous times in succession but were always repelled by Naresuan's forces. In a final attempt to retake their Thai states, the Bamars sent an army of 25,000 warriors led by Mingyi Swa, the crown prince of Burma atop a war-elephant.

Knowing he was outnumbered, Naresuan charged his own elephant through the Burmese soldiers and fought directly with the prince. Using a halberd (ngao), Naresuan cleaved the crown prince in two from the shoulder to the hip. In fact, the Burmese prince was killed by a gunshot of Siamese. With their monarch now dead, the Burmese fled the battlefield and wouldn't become a serious threat to Thai sovereignty for more than a century. Naresuan ascended the throne in 1590 and under his rule the Thai encompassed the Shan States and part of Cambodia.

King Taksin
The Ayutthaya Kingdom became progressively weaker during the eighteenth century. The Thais and Burmese had been almost constantly fighting each other along the border territories since the time of King Naresuan the Great. In 1758 the Bamars began a siege which lasted nine years. Buildings, palaces and temples were laid to ruins while documents, archives and records were all destroyed. Royal treasures were stolen and all but 10,000 of the city's one million inhabitants were sold into slavery.

Taksin learned krabi-krabong while studying in Wat Buddhaisawan as a boy. But more than his martial expertise, it was Taksin's skill as a military strategist that allowed him to quickly attain the rank of general. Before the capture of Ayutthaya, the young general Taksin fled with 500 followers to Rayong. He reorganised his forces and began attacking the Burmese invaders in small bands, destroying their supply routes. Word spread and within a few months Taksin rallied the Thai people to battle once again. Despite being only half the size of the Burmese army, Taksin's troops managed to drive out the conquerors and restored Thailand to nearly its former size. With the previous king, Ekkathat, now dead, Taksin was convinced that he was Gautama Buddha's reincarnation and proclaimed himself king in 1767. Seven years later, he decided to give up his role as military commander and instead sent out generals to campaign in his stead.

Among all the warriors under Taksin's command, the greatest fighter was Phraya Pichai Daab Hak, a nickname meaning "broken sword". Phraya Pichai was an expert with the dual swords (daab song mue) and acquired his moniker during a battle in which he continued fighting after one of his swords was broken. Another notable general was Rama I. Though not as skilled a martial artist as Phraya Pichai, Chakri was as brilliant a commander as Taksin. Under his leadership, Siam captured the Lao Kingdom of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Chiang Mai.

Taksin ruled from 1767–1782, but near the end of his reign he became increasingly dictatorial. He was said to have frequently flogged Buddhists monks and executed some of his concubines on false charges. A revolt broke out in the capital of the Thonburi Kingdom and it was agreed by both the army and the nobility that Chakri should take Taksin's place as king. The current royal family of Thailand is descended from King Chakri, also called Rama I. Taksin himself was put to death but not in a conventional beheading. Instead, Taksin was wrapped in a velvet bag and beaten to death by his ministers with clubs. This method of execution was instituted to avoid spilling royal blood, and Taksin is the only known Thai king to have been killed in such a way.

See also

Angampora
Banshay
Bataireacht
Bōjutsu
Gatka
Jūkendō
Kalaripayattu
Kendo
Kenjutsu
Krabi–krabong
Kuttu Varisai
Mardani khel
Silambam
Silambam Asia
Tahtib
Thang-ta
Varma kalai
World Silambam Association
Muay Thai
Lethwei
Kbach kun boran
Silat

References

Further reading

External links

Sitsiam Camp/Buddhai Swan
Krabi Krabong: The Buddhai Sawan Path
General Tienchai Sirisumpahn World Muay Thai Boran Academy
Krabi-Krabong - Thai Weapons

Category:Thai martial arts
Category:Sports originating in Thailand


Isakova

Isakova () is a rural locality (a village) in Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2010.

References

Category:Rural localities in Perm Krai


Rakestraw House

Rakestraw House is a historic home located near Garrett in Keyser Township, DeKalb County, Indiana.  It was built about 1915, and is a 1 1/2-story, Bungalow / American Craftsman style frame dwelling.  It has a low pitched gable roof and large shed roofed dormer.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

References

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Category:Houses completed in 1915
Category:Houses in DeKalb County, Indiana
Category:National Register of Historic Places in DeKalb County, Indiana


Renaldo Samsara

Renaldo Samsara (born Asturias Sondy Renaldo Crawfurd, November 19, 1988) is an Indonesian-English screenwriter, film director, film editor and indie music producer.

Samsara made his directorial debut, Persepsi, with Matthew Hart, the guitarist of Arkarna, during their meeting and music collaboration in 2016. The film stars Arifin Putra, Nino Fernandez, Nadine Alexandra, Hannah Al Rashid, Irwansyah and Marthino Lio.

Early life and education
Samsara was born on November 19, 1988, in Jakarta. His father, Anthony, was of Jewish-Indonesian descent from North Sumatra, and his mother, Cynthia Crawfurd, is of Scottish-Borneo descent. He took "Crawfurd" surname of his mother following their divorce when he was a child. Previously known as Sondy Crawfurd, he changed his name to Renaldo Samsara because Sondy was given by his father and considered Samsara as his stage name.

Samsara attended Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and SAE Institute Singapore at the age of 15, before moving back to Jakarta as an adult.

Filmography

Film

Other projects

References

External links

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Indonesian film directors
Category:Indonesian film editors
Category:Indonesian people of Scottish descent
Category:Indonesian screenwriters
Category:Indonesian record producers
Category:People from Jakarta


Onarheim

Onarheim is a village in Tysnes municipality in Hordaland county, Norway.  The village is located on the southeastern shores of the island of Tysnesøya, along the Hardangerfjorden.  The village has been home to a church since the 12th century. The present Onarheim Church was built in 1893, and it serves the southeastern part of the municipality.  There is also a small school in Onarheim.

References

Category:Villages in Hordaland
Category:Tysnes


Vizəzəmin

Vizəzəmin is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 426.

References

Category:Populated places in Lerik District


John Nies

John Nies (born February 13, 1967 in Jersey City, New Jersey) was a 6th round (154th overall) pick in the 1990 NFL Draft out of University of Arizona to the Buffalo Bills where he played for one year as a punter. Along with his younger brother Eric Nies (later of MTV's The Real World fame),  John Nies subsequently became a fashion model, actor and host of numerous ESPN programs.

John was inspired to start "The Power Center" after a paradigm shifting experience with a Kung Fu Grandmaster and founded The Power Center in early 2000. Finally bringing his passion to life in an intense personal and group fitness training facility.  His trademark training style "East West Chi" is a fusion of Eastern health and wellness philosophies and more contemporary Western training techniques that serve as a model for living a fully integrated life mentally, physically and spiritually. John is the owner of The Power Center in Red Bank, New Jersey, a group fitness and personal training facility. At his fitness center and through speaking engagements John Nies focuses on prevention of illness, sport-specific training program for athletes, the cultivation of personal discipline, as well as helping clients overcome substance abuse, food addictions, insomnia, depression, fear and anxiety, low energy levels, and other related complaints related to physical and mental health.

Nies is a fitness ambassador with Lululemon, a contributor to the newly published book, "Beauty Pearls for Chemo Girls", as an expert on fitness and the power of using your mind and visualization as a tool for healing during chemotherapy for cancer patients. In addition, he is part of the Hollywood Heroes campaign as a spokesperson for Kids Kicking Cancer, a non-profit organization dedicated to helping children with cancer through mind-body training in the martial arts.

Family
John and Eric Nies are the sons of Jack Nies "one of the longest running referees in NBA history", and Anna May, a pre-school teacher. Nies was raised in Ocean Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. He attended Red Bank Catholic High School but hazing from older students led him to transfer to Ocean Township High School.

Nies has two sons Mikey and Jack, who also play football. Also he has two daughters named Juliet and Nicole.

References

Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Arizona Wildcats football players
Category:Buffalo Bills players
Category:Ocean Township High School alumni
Category:Players of American football from New Jersey
Category:People from Ocean Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey
Category:Red Bank Catholic High School alumni
Category:Sportspeople from Jersey City, New Jersey
Category:Sportspeople from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Category:Male models from New Jersey


Gangaw Township

Gangaw Township is a township of Gangaw District in the Magway Division of Myanmar.  The principal town is Gangaw. The capital city of Gangaw District is Pakokku.

Category:Townships of Magway Region


Michael Phillips (figure skater)

Michael Phillips was a British competitive ice dancer. With partner Linda Shearman, he became the 1963 European champion and 1963 World silver medalist. He died in August 2016.

Results
(with Linda Shearman)

References

 Skatabase: 1960s Worlds Results
 Skatabase: 1960s Europeans Results

Category:2016 deaths
Category:British male ice dancers
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Category:European Figure Skating Championships medalists
Category:Date of death missing


Arena Naucalpan 37th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 37th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 21, 2014 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 37th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held, annual show in professional wrestling.

The main event of the anniversary show was a 10-man steel cage match contested under Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match" rules, where the last man in the ring would be forced to either unmask or have their hair shaved off as a result. Canis Lupus, El Hijo del Máscara Año 2000, El Hijo del Pirata Morgan, Máscara Año 2000, Máscara Sagrada, Pirata Morgan, Rayo de Jalisco Jr. and Súper Nova all climbed out of the cage, leaving Oficial AK-47 to defeat X-Fly, thanks to help from his regular tag team partner Oficial 911. Afterwards X-Fly was forced to be shaved bald as a result of his loss.

Production

Background
The location at Calle Jardín 19, Naucalpan Centro, 53000 Naucalpan de Juárez, México, Mexico was originally an indoor roller rink for the locals in the late part of the 1950s known as "Cafe Algusto". By the early-1960s, the building was sold and turned into "Arena KO Al Gusto" and became a local lucha libre or professional wrestling arena, with a ring permanently set up in the center of the building. Promoter Adolfo Moreno began holding shows on a regular basis from the late 1960s, working with various Mexican promotions such as Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL) to bring lucha libre to Naucalpan. By the mid-1970s the existing building was so run down that it was no longer suitable for hosting any events. Moreno bought the old build and had it demolished, building Arena Naucalpan on the same location, becoming the permanent home of Promociones Moreno. Arena Naucalpan opened its doors for the first lucha libre show on December 17, 1977. From that point on the arena hosted regular weekly shows for Promociones Moreno and also hosted EMLL and later Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) on a regular basis. In the 1990s the UWA folded and Promociones Moreno worked primarily with EMLL, now rebranded as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL).

In late 1995 Adolfo Moreno decided to create his own promotion, creating a regular roster instead of relying totally on wrestlers from other promotions, creating the International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; sometimes referred to as Grupo Internacional Revolución in Spanish) on January 1, 1996. From that point on Arena Naucalpan became the main venue for IWRG, hosting the majority of their weekly shows and all of their major shows as well. While IWRG was a fresh start for the Moreno promotion they kept the annual Arena Naucalpan Anniversary Show tradition alive, making it the only IWRG show series that actually preceded their foundation. The Arena Naucalpan Anniversary Show is the fourth oldest still ongoing annual show in professional wrestling, the only annual shows that older are the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre Anniversary Shows (started in 1934), the Arena Coliseo Anniversary Show (first held in 1943), and the Aniversario de Arena México (first held in 1957).

Storylines
The event featured five professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Event
In the second match of the night El Hijo del Diablo gained a tainted victory for his team (Apolo Estrada Jr., Electro Boy and Imposible) over Los Tortugas Ninjas (Leo, Mike, Rafy and Teelo) when he tricked one of Los Tortugas into hitting a referee with one of his moves as El Hijo del Diablo ducked out of the way. Los Tortugas were subsequently disqualified for hitting the referee.

The fourth match of the night saw Negro Navarro team up with Black Terry to take on his sons, the masked wrestlers known as Los Traumas (Trauma I and Trauma II). Prior to the match Navarro tooj the microphone and managed to convince Los Traumas to wrestle a clean, technical match. Navarro and Black Terry defeated Navarro's sons in two straight falls. Afterwards Los Traumas praised both of the much older wrestlers, with Trauma II handing Black Terry as a sign of respect.

All ten competitors in the main event steel cage match were supposed to fight for 10-minutes before they would be allowed to leave the ring, but Pirata Morgan and El Hijo de Pirata Morgan started the match off early by attacking Máscara Sagrada outside the ring as he was being introduced to the crowd. Once the remaining competitors; Canis Lupus, El Hijo del Máscara Año 2000, Máscara Año 2000, Oficial AK-47, Rayo de Jalisco Jr., Súper Nova and X-Fly were inside the cage the match itself could start. The match came down to Oficial AK-47 and X-Fly as the last two men in the cage. Moments later Oficial 911 came to ringside and helped his regular tag team partner defeat X-Fly. As a result, X-Fly had all his hair shaved off.

Results

References

External links
IWRG official website

Category:2014 in professional wrestling
Category:2014 in Mexico
37
Category:December 2014 events in Mexico


Al-Shajara, Tiberias

Al-Shajara () was a Palestinian Arab village depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was located 14 kilometers west of Tiberias on the main highway to Nazareth  near the villages of Lubya and Hittin.

The village was the fourth largest by area in Tiberias district. Its economy was based on agriculture. In 1944/45 it had 2,102 dunams (505 acres) planted with cereals and 544 dunams (136 acres) either irrigated or fig and olive orchards.

Al-Shajara was the home village of the cartoonist Naji al-Ali.

History
Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here, while the Crusaders referred to al-Shajara by "Seiera". The Arabic name of the village ash-Shajara translates as "the Tree".

Ottoman era
In 1596, al-Shajara  was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Tiberias under the liwa' (district) of Safad with a population of 60 Muslim families and 12 Muslim bachelors. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including  wheat, barley, olives, fruits and cotton. Taxes was also paid  goats, beehives, orchards, and a press that was used either for processing olives or grapes; a total of 16,250 Akçe. 5/24 of the revenue went to a Waqf, the rest was  Ziamet land.

A party of French cavalry was apparently stationed in the village during  Napoleon's invasion of 1799. A map from the same campaign  by Pierre Jacotin  showed the place, named as Chagara.

Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, a Swiss traveler to Palestine who passed through the area around 1812, noted that the plain around the village was covered with wild artichoke, while William McClure Thomson said that al-Shajara (Sejera) was one of several villages in the area which was surrounded by gigantic hedges of cactus. He also noted the great oak woods in the vicinity.

Victor Guérin visited in 1875, and "discovered the ruins of a rectangular edifice built of cut stones, and oriented from west to east. Its height is 31 feet, and its breadth 18 feet 8 inches. Six monolithic columns decorated the interior, which they divided into two naves. Capitals are lying about on the ground, apparently of Byzantine style. This church was used for a mosque, for the traces of a mihrab are to be seen at the south end. On a fine slab, lying on the ground, are read the Greek letters  ΔΟΚΙ, each about four and a half inches high, and on a second slab the letter  Δ  placed above a I."

Gottlieb Schumacher found old graves and other antiquities when he explored the area in the 1880s. In the late nineteenth century, the village of al-Shajara was a stone-built village and had about 150 residents. The village was surrounded by arable land on which there were fig and olive trees, and there was a spring to the south.

In 1907, the residents of the nearby Jewish settlement of Sejera moved onto land within the village boundaries after buying it from the Sursock family. This triggered attacks from al-Shajara residents.

British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted  by the British Mandate authorities, the population of Sjajara was 543 residents;  391 Muslims, 100 Jews and 52 Christians. where the Christians were all Orthodox.  By the  1931 census, Esh Shajara had 584 persons;  559 Muslims and 28 Christians, in a total of 123 houses.

This  had increased to 770 Muslims when the last census was made in the  1945 statistics.
There were 720 Muslim and 50 Christians.  In 1944/45 the village had 2,102 dunams  of land used for cereals, and 544 dunams irrigated or used for orchards, while 100 dunams were built-up (urban) area.

1948, and aftermath
During the 1948 War, the Arab Liberation Army defending al-Shajara battled Israeli forces in the village in early March. It was captured by Israel on May 6, 1948, by the 12th Battalion, Golani Brigade — the entire population fled leaving twenty dead.

The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the place in 1992: "The ruins of houses and broken steel bars protrude from beds of wild vegetation. One side of an arched doorway still stands. The western part of the site and the nearby hill are covered with cactus. Cattle barns belonging to the nearby settlement of Ilaniyya stand on the southern and eastern sides of the site. On the northern edge is a wide, deep well with a spiral stairway inside (used for periodic cleaning and maintenance of the well). Fig, doum-palm, and chinaberry trees grow in the area.

People from al-Shajara
Naji al-Ali, cartoonist, assassinated in London 1987.
 "Abu Arab" Ibrahim Mohammed Saleh, Poet and Singer of the Palestinian Revolution, fled to Syria in 1948, returned in 2011, died in Homs, Syria in April 2014

See also
List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus

References

Bibliography

 (p. 384)

External links
Welcome to al-Shajara
al-Shajara, Zochrot
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6:  IAA, Wikimedia commons
Shajara  from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
Al-Sajarah, from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
Tour to A-Shajra, November 25, 2006 Zochrot
Booklet about Shajara, downloadable, from  Zochrot

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
Category:District of Tiberias


Samnanger Church

Samnanger Church () is a parish church in Samnanger municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Årland. The church is part of the Samnanger parish in the Hardanger og Voss prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden, octagonal church was built in 1851 by the architect Andreas Grønning. The church seats about 250 people.

History
The first church at Samnanger was built during the Middle Ages. It may have been a stave church, but little is known of it. It may have been built as early as the 12th century. In 1652, that church was replaced with a new timber-framed church. That church was long and narrow—about . That church was replaced in 1851 with the present church building. It was designed by Andreas Grønning who gave it a basilica style, but also gave it an octagonal floor plan.

See also
List of churches in Bjørgvin

References

Category:Churches in Hordaland
Category:Samnanger
Category:Churches completed in 1851


Copdock

Copdock is a village and former civil parish in county of Suffolk, south-eastern England. In 1961 the civil parish had a population of 399.

Location
Copdock is  south-west of Ipswich. It is located on the former A12 road (now designated as the C475), which was blocked off at Whights Corner after the construction of the Copdock Interchange and the A14 road Ipswich bypass.

Governance
The local authority for the area is Babergh District Council. On 1 April 1994 the parish was merged with Washbrook to form the Copdock and Washbrook.

Description
It has a local primary school called Copdock Primary School , and the local church is called St. Peter's Copdock and is a Church of England.

The local village hall, located on the old A12, was built in 1991, and is situated within the grounds of the local playing fields.  Various sports clubs use the playing fields; and they are home to a thriving cricket team, Copdock & Old Ipswichian CC.  The Best Western Ipswich Hotel  is located opposite the village hall.

Notable persons
William Henry Hewitt, recipient of the Victoria Cross, was born in Copdock in 1884.

References

External links

Copdock at Streetmap.co.uk
Official Copdock & Washbrook website
Copdock Primary School

Category:Villages in Suffolk
Category:Former civil parishes in Suffolk
Category:Babergh


Tangier, Virginia

Tangier is a town in Accomack County, Virginia, United States, on Tangier Island in Chesapeake Bay. The population was 727 at the 2010 census. Since 1850, the island's landmass has been reduced by 67%. Under the mid-range sea level rise scenario, much of the remaining landmass is expected to be lost in the next 50 years and the town will likely need to be abandoned.

The people who came to settle the island permanently arrived in the 1770s and were farmers. In the late 19th century, the islanders began to become more dependent on harvesting crabs and oysters from the Chesapeake Bay. As the waterman livelihood became more important and more lucrative, there were often conflicts among the oyster dredgers and oyster tongers in the bay, and between those living in Maryland and those living in Virginia.

Many people who live on Tangier speak a distinctive dialect of American English, Various scholars have disputed over how much of the dialect is derived from British English lexicon and phonetics. Linguist David Shores has noted that, while it may sound like a British variety of English, the dialect is a distinct creation of its own time and place off the eastern shore of Virginia. The persistence of this dialectal variety is often attributed to the geographic isolation of the population from the mainland. Tangier Island is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History
Prior to the arrival of colonists on Tangier Island, it was a retreat for the Pocomoke Indians for centuries. Although not much is known about these people, their existence is evidenced by the thousands of stone arrowheads that have been found all over the island. Almost any morning after gale-force winds have been blowing all night, new arrowheads can be found on the beach. The discovery of an ancient offshore oyster midden, thousands of years old and containing a huge pile of shells which could only have been deposited by humans, is further evidence that there was a regular population on Tangier, at least in the warm part of the year, long before it had an English name. The enormous numbers of arrowheads and spear points found here suggest the island was probably much larger than recorded history can verify and was home to many animal species.

The first known European explorer of the island was John Smith in 1608. He named Tangier and the surrounding islands the "Russel Isles" after the doctor on board his ship.

In 1670, Ambrose White received a patent for  called "an Island in the Chesapeake Bay". The next year, White assigned his patent to Charles and John West. In 1673, William Walton was granted  on the western island which was formerly patented by White. There is a similar entry in the patent book three years later, but Scarburgh and West were the recipients instead of Walton, and in 1678, a formal patent was issued to both of them. Charles Scarburgh (often now spelled Scarborough) left his interest to his wife Elizabeth in 1702, and John West's interest went to his eldest son a year later. In 1713, two patents were granted to Elizabeth Scarburgh and Anthony West for Tangier Islands. One was for , which included the original  plus  more found within its bounds. The other grant was for  of new land south of Tangier called "Sandy Beach Island" which was probably the hook-shaped part that is now attached to the main of the island. This was the first time Tangier Islands was named in the records. Although Elizabeth Scarburgh left her interest to her daughters, the title went to her oldest son, Bennett. It then passed to Henry Scarburgh and then to a Charles Scarburgh. In 1762, Charles Scarburgh confirmed an undeeded sale of his half to Colonel Thomas Hall. The next year Hall sold this to William Andrews as .

Today many of the inhabitants have the surname Crockett, which was the name of the first permanent Anglo-American settler in the late 18th century. Other common surnames on the island include Pruitt, Thomas, Marshall, Charnock, Dise, Shores, and Parks. By 1900 there were 1,064 inhabitants.

The British used the island as a staging area in 1813–1814 under infamous Rear Admiral George Cockburn during the War of 1812, building Fort Albion when there were as many as 1,200 British troops recorded on the island at one time.  Many slaves escaped to the British on Tangier and were given their freedom. Some joined the Corps of Colonial Marines. When a dozen British sailors were captured, their account of hardships encountered with shortages of food and water on the island, and the building of Fort Albion, were reported in a local newspaper. Tangier was used as the base for the attack on the American capital in the Redcoats' stunning victory at the Battle of Bladensburg and the subsequent Burning of Washington
in August 1814. This was followed by the Battle of Baltimore, when a failed British naval bombardment and barge assault on Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor and simultaneous land Battle of North Point southeast of the city on September 12-13-14th, 1814, influenced Francis Scott Key's writing of the poem that became "The Star-Spangled Banner", named the American national anthem in 1931.

The original church on the island was called Lee's Bethel and burned down in the 19th century. A bench marking its location is in the graveyard in Canton. The present-day church on the island, Swain Memorial Methodist Church, was established in 1835. The other church is called the New Testament Congregation, established in 1946, a non-denominational Christian place of worship. For various reasons, both historical and practical, burials are sometimes located in the yards of houses. There are also churchyard cemeteries at each of the island's churches.

Three 21st-century hurricanes, Isabel in 2003; Ernesto in 2006; and Sandy in 2012; caused much of the island to flood.  A few houses were abandoned or torn down due to storm damage, while others have been elevated on new foundations. New buildings continue to be built on the island.

In the 1960s, the US Army took over portions of Tangier Island by eminent domain, forcing some residents including Walter Crockett and Maggie Eskridge Crockett to move to the mainland (Exmore, Virginia), so the US Military could conduct missile testing. Many of Tangier's residents believe that these operations were part of the reason for current erosion problems.

Geography
Tangier is located on an island in the Chesapeake Bay. It is made up of sandy ridges divided by marshes and tidal streams. The islands are connected by bridges. The island has three ridges, called Main Ridge, Canton, and West Ridge. North of Tangier is an island which was abandoned after the stream between the two islands (Oyster Creek) became too wide to build a bridge over. This northernmost area is called Uppards, and originally had a neighborhood called Canaan. The only structures left on Uppards are duck hunting lodges from 1928. A few of the homes on Main Ridge were moved from Uppards before flooding became a major problem. Each of the ridges has neighborhoods. On the northern part of Main Ridge, the neighborhood is called Meat Soup. On the northern part of West Ridge, is one called Sheep's Hill. The southern part of Main Ridge has a ridge called Black Dye, and the one on the southern part of West Ridge is called Hog Ridge. Canton is in the most southeastern area of the island and is reached via a bridge. The bridges over the largest channel, called the Big Gut, are, to the north, Long Bridge, School Bridge, Wallace Bridge; and the farthest south is Heisten Bridge.

Because of its distance from the mainland, Tangier is sometimes considered isolated. The closest inhabited areas, and those most frequently traveled to and from, are Crisfield, Maryland; Onancock, Virginia; Reedville, Virginia; and other islands such as Smith Island, Maryland. Tangier is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.

Reduction in land mass
The island is at risk of disappearing due to erosion and rising sea levels; since 1850, the island's landmass has been reduced by 67%. Under a mid-range sea level rise scenario, much of the remaining landmass is expected to be lost in the next 50 years and the town will likely need to be abandoned.

Many residents believe that erosion is the cause of the increasing incidence and severity of flooding. A 2015 study by a member of the Army Corps of Engineers concludes that Tangier has 25–50 years of habitability remaining and that the subsidence of the ridges is ongoing since at least the mid-19th century. The authors also conclude that the primary causes of the subsidence in the southern Chesapeake Bay region is sea-level rise due to the melting of the Laurentide ice sheet, groundwater extraction on mainland Virginia, and the remaining effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater near Cape Charles, Virginia 35.5 million years ago.

The town has been talking with political representatives for decades to get protection for the island in the form of jetties or sea walls. The Town, the History Museum, and townspeople continue to raise money for their sea wall fund. In 2017, CNN aired a story about Tangier that featured the town's mayor, James W. Eskridge. President Donald Trump called the mayor personally to assure him that the town would survive.

Marshes and waterfowl

Tangier and nearby islands are valuable tidal salt marsh habitat for waterfowl, especially as there is a general absence of predators for ground-nesting birds and birds in general. Tangier marshes are home to many birds, including pelicans, blue herons, rails, egrets, several varieties of ducks and geese, and osprey. The group of islands is one of the "few remaining population strongholds for American Black Ducks in Virginia."

Including the surrounding marshes, Tangier Island totals less than , but only  are high enough for habitation. The highest point of land is barely  above sea level, and about  of Tangier shoreline are estimated to erode into the Chesapeake each year. Local residents see their existence threatened from falling catches, state regulation of the waterman livelihood on the Bay, constant erosion, and increasingly frequent flooding.

Transportation

The modes of transportation off the island are boats and airplane. There is an airport, open from dawn to dusk. There are two boats that travel regularly from Crisfield, Maryland, across Tangier Sound to Tangier.  Passengers and mail are carried on these boats. The mail boat, the Courtney Thomas, leaves Tangier at 8:00 am and leaves Crisfield at 12:30 pm. The Steven Thomas, a 300-passenger cruise boat, leaves Crisfield at 12:30 pm during the summer season from Memorial Day weekend through mid-October and departs Tangier at 4:00 pm. In the summer season, the Chesapeake Breeze travels daily from Reedville, Virginia, on the Western Shore, leaving Reedville at 10:00 am and leaving Tangier at 2:00 pm. The ferry service to and from Onancock, Virginia on the Joyce Marie II runs daily from the first weekend of May through the first weekend of October.

Transportation on the island does not rely heavily on automobiles. Some residents outfit golf carts with passenger trailers to offer "historical tours" of the island for tourists. The roads on Tangier are wide enough for two golf carts. Tourists and islanders often use golf carts, boats, mopeds, and bikes, but some have trucks and cars.

Language
Many who live on Tangier speak a distinctive dialect of American English, which scholars have disputed as derived from 17th and 18th-century British English (Early Modern and Modern English) lexicon and phonetics. Historical linguist David Shores has noted that, while it may sound like a British variety of English, the dialect is a creation of its own time and place off the eastern shore of Virginia. The persistence of this dialectal variety is often attributed to the purported geographic isolation of the population from the mainland. Many non-scholarly sources (i.e. the popular media and press) report that they think the origin of the unique dialect came from early European settlers from Cornwall and Devon in the United Kingdom. As Shores documents and historian Kirk Mariner confirms, there is no historical-linguistic evidence to back up the idea that the dialect is somehow a "leftover" from British settlers in the area before the American Revolution.  BBC Travel made a short  film  on the language.

The local accent is sometimes compared to that of the "Hoi Toiders" of the Outer Banks of North Carolina. There are some similarities, but the dialects are distinct. Before bridges were built, the only form of transport between or off the ridges was by boat, allowing the islands to stay isolated from the mainland. Smith Island, Maryland, has dialect that is more similar in terms of phonetics and lexicon to that on Tangier.

Flag
The historic connection to Cornwall is the reason why Saint Piran's Flag is present in the upper left canton of the flag of the island.

Economy

The island has been referred to as one of the last waterman communities.

Industry
Today, the inhabitants of Tangier rely on crabbing to make a living. Tangier is often referred to as the "soft-shell crab capital of the world". Most fishermen catch and sell crabs and oysters. North of the island are many free-standing docks not connected to land which fishermen use to hold crabs while they moult. Once a major industry on the island, oystering has returned in recent years as a supplement to the more prominent crabbing business. In 2014, a new oyster-farming company, called Tangier Island Oyster Company, was founded by a group that includes a former attorney general of Virginia, Ken Cuccinelli. The island also has a long history of graduates joining the military and being called to become pastors.

The primary industry on the island besides fishing is tourism. During the summer, several cruise ships come to the island each day, allowing passengers to explore and buy goods from the islanders. Two bed-and-breakfast inns can accommodate a limited number of overnight guests. There are several restaurants and gift shops for the tourist-trade.

Activities

With all the means of transportation and regular telephone service, residents have regular ways of staying in touch with the mainland. The island also has cable television and internet service. There is a calm, peaceful atmosphere on the island. It has several restaurants, four gift shops and a hardware store. Violent crime is virtually nonexistent. There are two bed and breakfasts for overnight guests, and a wild beach without a boardwalk or concessions. There is a historical museum and interpretive cultural center. There is one ATM on the island. Most of the gift shops, eating establishments, and overnight accommodations accept credit and debit cards. Tangier is known for its seafood dishes, especially its soft-shell crab sandwiches. These can be found at its restaurants including the Fisherman's Corner. Children sometimes sell lemonade and Christmas decorations made from sea shells to tourists. In the evenings, children unwind at a playground near the school, or at the 1950s-style air conditioned ice-cream parlor on Main Ridge called Spanky's.

The major new addition to the island has been the Tangier Island History Museum, which created the historical markers that line Tangier's streets and provide a "historical tour" of the island. Tour guides are also available to offer visitors a narrated ride around the island. The museum's artifacts are donated or loaned by local residents. The museum also operates a small community library, "Muddy Toes." Visitors often rent kayaks to follow local "water trails." These trails guide visitors around the watermen's crabbing shacks built on stilts in Tangier Harbor, to navigate the saltwater "guts" that separate the island, or to visit "the Uppards", a marshy island just to the north of Tangier that used to have a sizable community until it was abandoned in 1928. Immediately to the east of Tangier, also a kayak paddle away, is Port Isobel, a small island owned by the nonprofit Chesapeake Bay Foundation, which operates an environmental study and retreat center there; on nautical charts, this bit of land is called East Point Marsh. Port Isobel's hiking trails are open to the public. The low-lying marshland is ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes and biting flies, so bug repellent is strongly recommended for anyone visiting.

Institutions and culture
The Tangier Island Health Foundation runs the Nichols Health Center on Tangier, which is operated by the Riverside Health System, which also operates on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and in Hampton Roads. Historically, there were two cases of Tangier disease, a recessive genetic disorder which causes high blood cholesterol, which, following discovery, was named after the island. There are very few residents with this genetic anomaly who currently live on the island.

The residents of Tangier enjoy regular cable television and Internet through a microwave tower installed in spring 2010. There are phone lines on the island. One physician assistant and a number of registered nurses live on the island. David Nichols treated residents for thirty years, piloting a Cessna 182 or Robinson helicopter for once a week visits. In January 2007, he was profiled by ABC World News Tonight as its Person of the Week. Nichols died at the age of 62 on December 30, 2010, after a battle with cancer. Four months earlier, a new clinic was christened in his name, as he and a few others had raised funds for its construction. Emergency patients travel by helicopter to Crisfield or Salisbury hospitals in Maryland. Although the island has one operational power plant, it is used mainly for emergencies. Power comes in from the Eastern Shore of Virginia through an underwater cable.

Methodism has been and remains a very strong influence on Tangier, stemming from the charismatic preaching and revival camp meetings held there in the early 1800s by Joshua Thomas, the famed "parson of the islands." Because of their ties to the Northern Methodist Church, Tangier residents in the 19th century did not support slavery and did not join Virginia in seceding from the Union during the Civil War. Religious values are very important to the community.

A local ordinance prohibits the sale of alcohol, making the island "dry." In 1999, the Tangier town council blocked Warner Brothers from using the island to film the Kevin Costner film Message in a Bottle, objecting to the script's drinking, profanity and sex. If visitors bring their own alcohol, they are advised to be discreet and not drink it in public.

Education
Accomack County Public Schools operates the Tangier Combined School, the sole comprehensive K–12 school in the State of Virginia.  it had 60 students.

Politics

Over 87% of the residents voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

Sports
According to the current mayor of Tangier, James "Ooker" Eskridge, many island inhabitants were concerned the way of life on the island would change as the result of getting high-speed Internet in spring 2010. However, he indicated the change was for the better as islanders "developed quite the appetite for streaming sports". Recognizing the impact of sports on the island community, and believing it may be a boost to the island's tourism, the Virginia Tourism Authority (VTA) declared Tangier Island the biggest sports town in America, per capita.  The VTA presented the island with a plaque to commemorate the occasion. This phenomenon became the basis for a commercial for ESPN.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 605 people, 244 households, and 181 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,448.2 people per square mile (932.8/km2). There were 270 housing units at an average density of 1,094.4 per square mile (417.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.50% White and 0.50% African American. In 2006, there were four people from Eastern India, one African American, one Pacific Islander, and several people of American Indian extraction. Many people have familial ties with residents of the Eastern Shore of Virginia as well as places on the western shore, such as Reedville and Urbanna.

There were 244 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Tangier has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Accomack County, Virginia
 Smith Island, Maryland

References

External links

 The tiny US island with a British accent: For hundreds of years, the residents of Tangier Island have maintained a unique relic of their colonial past. By Veena Rao & Eliot Stein, 7 February 2018, bbc.com

Category:English-American culture in Virginia
Category:Cornish-American history
Category:Car-free zones in the United States
Category:Fishing communities in the United States
Category:Towns in Accomack County, Virginia
Category:Islands of the Chesapeake Bay
Category:Islands of Virginia
Category:Towns in Virginia
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Accomack County, Virginia
Category:Populated places on the Chesapeake Bay
Category:Landforms of Accomack County, Virginia
Category:Beaches of Virginia
Category:Islands of Accomack County, Virginia


Eyran Katsenelenbogen

Eyran Katsenelenbogen (born July 5, 1965) is a jazz pianist.

Biography

Eyran Katsenelenbogen is a pianist who has performed throughout the world. In 2019, he released his latest solo album, titled Outstandards, with a concert tour that included venues in the U.S., Europe and the Middle East.

Katsenelenbogen's recordings have been reviewed by jazz publications such as Jazziz, JazzTimes , Jazz Journal International and All About Jazz, which stated in its recent review of Katsenelenbogen's previous release: "88 Fingers is truly a virtuoso's work. Perhaps Katsenelenbogen is most in league with Art Tatum for this fact: he sets the bar towards which other pianists must strive."

A classically trained pianist with a jazz style, Katsenelenbogen has performed and recorded in venues such as the Iridium Jazz Club, New York; Teatro di Marcello, Rome; the Tel-Aviv Jazz & Blues Festival; the Bechstein Centrum, Hamburg; Mirrors Hall, Saint Petersburg; Scullers Jazz Club, Boston; Shalin Liu Performance Center, Rockport, MA; Saint Joseph Theatre, Scarborough, UK; and the Glenn Gould Studio, Toronto. Radio and TV appearances include WGBH (FM), WERS and WHRB, USA; BBC Radio York, UK; Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), and Radio Télévision Belge Francophone (RTBF), Belgium.

In addition to solo touring, Katsenelenbogen has also performed with his Pictures At An Exhibition: Classical Meets Jazz collaboration with Russian classical pianist Andrei Ivanovitch. Following performances in Germany and Russia, the American premiere of Pictures At An Exhibition: Classical Meets Jazz took place at Jordan Hall in Boston on May 24, 2009, and was released on DVD the following year.

In 2014, Katsenelenbogen has toured the east coast of China with pianist Tal Zilber. During their Piano Fight concert tour, Katsenelenbogen and Zilber performed at the Dalian International Conference Center, the Hai Tian Grand Theatre Hotel, the Weifang Culture and Art Center, the Taiyuan Poly Great Theatre, the Henan Art Center in Zhongzhou, the Wuhan Qin Tai Grand Theatre, the Xuzhou Concert Hall and the Hong Tai Center in Xiamen. In 2015, Katsenelenbogen returned to China alone for a tour titled Jazz and Classical Highlights China Solo Tour dedicated to his mother, Pnina Katsenelenbogen. During that tour, Katsenelenbogen performed fifteen concerts in various venues, including the Cathay Pacific Arts Center Concert Hall (November 20, 2015), the Wuhu Grand Theatre (November 28, 2015) and the Guangzhou Opera House (December 5, 2015).

Since 1996, Katsenelenbogen has held a faculty position at the New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) Preparatory School and School of Continuing Education in Boston. At NEC, he has pioneered innovative techniques for teaching improvisation to students with special abilities and diverse needs. As the first piano teacher of jazz prodigy Matt Savage, Katsenelenbogen helped kick off Savage's recording career at the age of seven with their CD One is Not Fun, but 20 is Plenty.

Eyran Katsenelenbogen is a descendant of Rabbi Meir Katzenellenbogen (c. 1482 – 12 January 1565) who was born in Katzenelnbogen. On July 28, 2012, Eyran Katsenelenbogen performed a concert at the town hall of Katzenelnbogen, by invitation of the Mayor of Katzenelnbogen, Horst Klöppel, in celebration of the town’s 700th anniversary.

Katsenelenbogen was born in Israel and was first taught by Aida Barenboim, mother and teacher of pianist/conductor Daniel Barenboim. He went on to complete his music education at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, where he trained with Ran Blake, Paul Bley, Fred Hersch, Danilo Pérez, George Russell and Gunther Schuller.

Discography

1989: Ways Jazz Ensemble (CD) (CDI)
1989: Jazzonettes (CD) (Jazzis)
1992: One-Time (CD) (Jazzis)
1996: The Bareback Trio (CD) (Eyran Records)
1998: Solo Piano (CD) (Eyran Records)
1999: Clouds (CD) (Eyran Records)
2000: One is Not Fun, but 20 is Plenty (CD) (with Matthew Savage) (Savage Records)
2001: Formation (CD) (Eyran Records)
2001: Oasis Jazz Instrumentals (CD) (Oasis)
2003: It's Reigning Kats & Dogs & Bogen (CD) (Eyran Records)
2005: Solotude (DVD) (Eyran Records)
2005: Just For Fun (CD) (with Ellie Malick) (Eyran Records)
2005: Solotude (CD) (Eyran Records)
2006: The Key Players Vol. 6 (CD) (Jazziz)
2007: Somthin' N'you – The Single (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2009: 88 Fingers (CD) (Eyran Records)
2011: Classical Meets Jazz: Pictures at an Exhibition (DVD) (with Andrei Ivanovitch) (Eyran Records)
2011: Black Ivory (CD) (With Ellie Malick) (Eyran Records)
2012: Nutcracker Swing – Live in Jordan Hall (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2012: Nutcracker Blues – Live in Jordan Hall (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2012: Swan Lake – Live in Jordan Hall (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2012: Nutcracker Sombrero – Live in Jordan Hall (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2012: Christmas Blues (Digital Single) (with Gitit Shoval and Vincere Sylph) (Eyran Records)
2013: Prélude À L'après-midi d'un faune – Live (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2013: Rêverie – Improvisation On Debussy (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2013: Prélude – Improvisation in the Style of Debussy – Live in Jordan Hall (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2013: Arabesque No. 1 – Live in Jordan Hall (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2013: I Love a Piano – Live (Digital Single) (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2013: When I Fall in Love (Live) (Digital Single) (Eyran Records)
2019: Outstandards (CD) (Eyran Records)

References

External links

 Kulturring Peine
 Hummer's Culture Parlour, October 5, 2007
 Calenberger Cultour & Co.
 Interview on www.sossmar.de, November 10, 2007

Concert reviews
 Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung, October 14, 2007

Articles
Jazz Police. Published: March 15, 2006. Writer: Andrea Canter.
Jazz Police. Published: August 19, 2006. Writer: Andrea Canter.
Jazz Review Published: 2006
New England Conservatory Notes Magazine Published: Spring 2009.
Novoe Russkoe Slovo (Russian) Published: February 9, 2009. Writer: Aleksandra Feldman.
Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung Published: July 9, 2009. Writer: Michael Schröder.

Online interviews
Jazz Ink Published: April 1, 2006. Interviewer: Andrea Canter.
Sossmar.de Published: November 10, 2007. Interviewer: Hansjoerg G. Henker. German-English translation: Jessica C. Henker.
Sossmar.de (German) Published: November 10, 2007. Interviewer: Hansjoerg G. Henker.

Category:American jazz pianists
Category:American male pianists
Category:Israeli jazz pianists
Category:Israeli emigrants to the United States
Category:Jewish musicians
Category:New England Conservatory faculty
Category:American people of Israeli descent
Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century American pianists
Category:21st-century American pianists
Category:20th-century American male musicians
Category:21st-century American male musicians
Category:Male jazz musicians


Eily Keary

Eily Keary (later Eily Smith-Keary) (12 October 1892 – 19 October 1975) was a British naval architect, mechanical engineer and aeronautical engineer. She was one of the earliest female associates of the Institution of Naval Architects (now the Royal Institution of Naval Architects) and the first woman to have her papers given to that institution.

Early life and education
She was born Eily Marguerite Leifchild Keary in London in 1892, the second of five daughters of Peter Keary, a newspaper proprietor and author renowned for his self-help books, and Jessie Richards, the daughter of a tailor. She was brought up in Wimbledon Park and went to Roedean School from 1908 to 1911. She went in 1921 to Newnham College, Cambridge, where she planned ‘to take the engineering course with her sister Elsie Keary and Rachel Parsons’. Eily Keary was the first woman to take honours in the mechanical sciences tripos in 1915, but as women were not then admitted to Cambridge degrees, she was unable to graduate at the time and received a titular degree in 1925.

Work at the National Physical Laboratory
After finishing her Cambridge studies, she worked for a brief time at a company in Lewisham that made instruments for telegraphy, electricity and engineering. She was then appointed to the new William Froude Laboratory, known as the National Experiment Tank, at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) by its supervisor, George S. Baker. There she began to work on the design of seaplane hulls and floats. Her collaboration with Baker led to several papers co-authored by her with him and others and published between 1916 and 1923, on topics including the experimental testing of model seaplane floats and of full size machines, the latter in collaboration with RAF personnel. Keary was the first woman to co-author (with Baker) a paper read to the Institution of Naval Architects in 1918, entitled ‘The effect of the longitudinal motion of a ship on its statical transverse stability’. This groundbreaking work has apparently been cited as late as 1988.

During the 1920s Keary travelled to Canada and the USA to undertake further research in naval architecture. She was also the sole author of papers given on topics such as flying boats and rudder force. Although some reports state that she left the NPL in 1929 just before her marriage the following year, in the 1930s she jointly authored papers on subjects such as barges, the effect of immersion on propellers and steering ships, given to the RINA, the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Ship Builders, and the Institution of Marine Engineers.

Recognition
Keary's work led to her election as the first female Associate Fellow of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain in 1917; an NPL colleague also reportedly credited her with the design of floats for a seaplane that won the prestigious Schneider Trophy. After the First World War she became, together with Rachel Parsons and Blanche Thornycroft, one of the first three women associates of the Institution of Naval Architects. She was later made a full member.

In 2019 the Royal Institution of Naval Architects commemorated Eily Keary's achievements with the introduction of an annual award named after her. The Eily Keary Award is given to an individual, organisation or part of an organisation in recognition of their contribution to increasing equality, diversity and inclusion in their sector of the maritime industry.

Personal life and death
Keary married Frederick Edmund Smith-Keary in 1930. He was a marine engineer and had changed his name by deed poll from Smith to Smith-Keary, the same surname that Eily adopted after her marriage. They had a son, born in 1931, and lived in Sussex and later Tasmania.

Eily Smith-Keary died at her home in Liverpool in 1975.

Sources

Category:Architects from London
Category:20th-century English architects
Category:Naval architects
Category:British women architects
Category:British women engineers
Category:20th-century British engineers
Category:British mechanical engineers
Category:People educated at Roedean School, East Sussex
Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Category:British aerospace engineers
Category:1892 births
Category:1975 deaths


Stoke Prior, Worcestershire

Stoke Prior is a village in the civil parish of Stoke in Bromsgrove district of Worcestershire. The parish includes the settlement of Stoke Wharf and hamlet of Woodgate, along with neighbouring Stoke Heath.

History
In the 19th century, Stoke Prior was closely associated with the industrialist John Corbett. In 1853, after he had sold his share of the family canal business, he purchased disused salt works in Stoke Prior from the British Alkali Company. Corbett brought all the innovations of the industrial revolution to mechanise and commercialise the business, soon making his salt workings the largest in Europe and built a great fortune.

The Parish Church of St Michael and All Angels dates from the 12th century.

Economy
The Worcester and Birmingham Canal passes through the parish. In the 19th century, John Corbett turned the salt works in Stoke Prior into one of the largest in Europe. The tall chimney of the Stoke Salt Works was for many years a dominating landmark. Stoke Prior still houses the headquarters of LG Harris Ltd, a paint brush and decorators tool manufacturer (known locally as "Harris Brush" or just "The Brush").

Sports
Stoke Prior houses two football teams, Stoke Prior FC and Stoke Prior Youth FC, the main team being managed by Jamie Maycroft and the youth team being managed by Alan Banks.  Both teams play their home games at Stoke Prior Sports and Country Club, with the adult team playing their games in the Bromsgrove and District Football League, whilst the youth team play in the Central Warwickshire Youth Football League.

Notable people
Zoë Lister was born in Stoke Prior.
John Corbett, the Salt King, buried in the churchyard of St Michaels, Stoke Prior.

Gallery

References

Category:Villages in Worcestershire
Category:Bromsgrove


Istrianis femoralis

Istrianis femoralis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on Sicily, Cyprus and in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, North Macedonia, Greece, the Crimea and Turkey.

The wingspan is 9–10 mm.

The larvae feed on Pistacia mutica and Pistacia vera.

References

Category:Moths described in 1876
Category:Istrianis


1965 Academy Awards

1965 Academy Awards may refer to:

 37th Academy Awards, the 1965 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1964
 38th Academy Awards, the 1966 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1965


Sarracenia flava

Sarracenia flava, the yellow pitcherplant, is a carnivorous plant in the family Sarraceniaceae. Like all the Sarraceniaceae, it is native to the New World. Its range extends from southern Alabama, through Florida and Georgia, to the coastal plains of southern Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Populations also exist in the Piedmont and mountains of North Carolina.

Like other members of the genus Sarracenia, the yellow pitcher plant traps insects using a rolled leaf, which in this species is a vibrant yellow in color, and up to over a meter in height (although 50 cm is more typical). The uppermost part of the leaf is flared into a lid (the operculum), which prevents excess rain from entering the pitcher and diluting the digestive secretions within. The upper regions of the pitcher are covered in short, stiff, downwards-pointing hairs, which serve to guide insects alighting on the upper portions of the leaf towards the opening of the pitcher tube. The upper regions are also brightly patterned with flower-like anthocyanin markings, particularly in the varieties S. flava var. rugelii and S. flava var. ornata: these markings also serve to attract insect prey. The opening of the pitcher tube is retroflexed into a 'nectar roll' or peristome, whose surface is studded with nectar-secreting glands. The nectar contains not only sugars, but also the alkaloid coniine (a toxin also found in hemlock), which probably intoxicates the prey. Prey entering the tube find that their footing is made extremely uncertain by the smooth, waxy secretions found on the surfaces of the upper portion of the tube. Insects losing their footing on this surface plummet to the bottom of the tube, where a combination of digestive fluid, wetting agents and inward-pointing hairs prevent their escape. Some large insects (such as wasps) have been reported to escape from the pitchers on occasion, by chewing their way out through the wall of the tube.

In spring, the plant produces large flowers with 5-fold symmetry. The yellow petals are long and strap-like, and dangle over the umbrella-like style of the flower, which is held upside down at the end of a 50 cm long scape. The stigma of the flower are found at the tips of the 'spokes' of this umbrella. Pollinating insects generally enter the flower from above, forcing their way into the cavity between the petals and umbrella, and depositing any pollen they are carrying on the stigmata as they enter. The pollinators generally exit the flower, having been dusted with the plant's own pollen, by lifting a petal. This one-way system helps to ensure cross pollination.

In late summer and autumn, the plant stops producing carnivorous leaves, and instead produces flat, non-carnivorous phyllodia. This is probably an adaptation to low light levels and insect scarcity during the winter months, and shows clearly the cost of carnivory.

The yellow pitcher plant is easy to cultivate, and is one of the most popular carnivorous plants in horticulture. The yellow pitcher plant readily hybridises with other members of the genus Sarracenia: the hybrids S. x catesbaei (S. flava × S. purpurea) and S. moorei (S. flava × S. leucophylla) are found in the wild, and are also popular amongst collectors.

References

Mody, NV; Henson, R; Hedin, PA; Kokpol, U; Miles, DH (1976). Isolation of insect paralyzing agent coniine from Sarracenia flava. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 32(7): 829–830.
N.C.State reference

External links
 About Sarracenia Flava
 Botanical Society of America, Sarracenia - the Pitcher Plants

flava
Category:Carnivorous plants of North America
Category:Endemic flora of the United States
Category:Flora of the Southeastern United States
Category:Least concern flora of the United States
Category:Plants described in 1753


USS Woodson

USS Woodson (DE-359) was a  acquired by the United States Navy during World War II. The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy, in addition to other tasks as assigned, such as patrol or radar picket.

Woodson was named in honor of Jeff Davis Woodson, who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his valiant effort during the Battle of Midway. The ship's keel was laid down on 7 March 1944 at Orange, Texas, by the Consolidated Steel Corp., Ltd. The vessel was launched on 29 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Joyce M. Woodson and commissioned on 24 August 1944, Lt. Comdr. J. L. Foley in command.

Operational history

World War II North Atlantic operations

After fitting out at Galveston, Texas, the destroyer escort embarked upon her shakedown cruise on 11 September. En route to her training area in the vicinity of Bermuda, she assisted the survivors of the destroyer  which had sunk off the U.S. East Coast during a hurricane. Woodson rescued a number of survivors, carried them to Norfolk, Virginia, and then resumed shakedown training around Bermuda. The warship completed that training and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts, on 25 October. After two weeks of post-shakedown availability, she stood out of Boston on 6 November, bound for Norfolk where she spent the remainder of the month serving as a school ship for the Operational Training Command, Atlantic Fleet.

Transferred to the Pacific Fleet

On the last day of November, she departed Norfolk and shaped a course for the Pacific Ocean and duty with the U.S. 7th Fleet in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Steaming via the Panama Canal, the Galápagos Islands, and Bora Bora in the Society Islands, she arrived at Hollandia on the northern coast of New Guinea on 3 January 1945. Upon her arrival, the destroyer escort was assigned to convoy duty between New Guinea and the Philippines, primarily on the Hollandia-to-Leyte run. Early in April, however, she dropped her runs to New Guinea and limited her operations to escort missions among major ports in the Philippines such as Leyte, Lingayen Gulf, and Manila Bay. That duty lasted until 25 May when she reported to the Commander, Task Group (TG) 71.5 at Subic Bay for duty escorting submarines to and from their war patrol release points. When not engaged in her primary duty, Woodson participated in post-refit exercises with submarines and conducted antisubmarine patrols. Such activities occupied her through the end of hostilities and until the end of August.

End-of-war activity

On 31 August, she was detached from task group TG 71.5 and departed Subic Bay, bound for the Ryukyus. At Okinawa on 4 September, she became an element of task group TG 70.3, the escort group for the occupation forces headed for northern China and Korea. On 5 October, she left Okinawa and steamed to Shanghai where she arrived late the following day. She next returned to Leyte and remained there until 22 October when she headed back to Okinawa where she joined another China occupation convoy which sailed in early November. At Hong Kong at mid-month, the destroyer escort departed again on the 21st and shaped a course for Okinawa where she arrived on 24 November. Two days later, she began her voyage home.

Stateside-based operations

Stopping at Pearl Harbor en route, Woodson arrived in San Pedro, California, on 16 December to begin inactivation overhaul. On 16 May 1946, she was placed in commission, in reserve, and remained so until 15 January 1947 at which time she was decommissioned. Except for a brief period during the winter of 1948 and 1949 when she made a round-trip run under tow to Long Beach, California, for an overhaul, she remained at San Diego, California, until the spring of 1951. On 19 May 1951, Woodson was recommissioned at San Diego, Lt. Comdr. A. Dennett in command.

The warship spent most of the summer of 1951 conducting shakedown training and other local operations along the coast of southern California. On 4 September, she got underway from San Diego on her way to the east coast. Steaming via the Panama Canal, Woodson arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, in mid-September and began local operations. On 19 October, the warship departed the Newport area to participate in the annual Atlantic Fleet exercises held in the vicinity of Puerto Rico. She returned to Newport on 17 November and remained there through the end of the year.

On 16 January 1952, the destroyer escort headed for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she arrived two days later. There, she began a three-month overhaul at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Woodson completed repairs on 22 April and headed back to Newport but under tow given by .

She reentered Newport on 25 April but remained there less than two weeks, departing again on 7 May. She reached Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, four days later and began six weeks of refresher training. The destroyer escort completed that assignment on 20 June and set course—via Ciudad Trujillo, Dominican Republic—for Newport. The warship reentered her home port on 28 June. Two days later, she became an element of the newly formed Hunter-Killer Group, Atlantic Fleet, under the overall command of Rear Admiral Daniel V. Gallery.

Hunter-killer operations

For the next five years, Woodson ranged the length of the Atlantic coast of the United States from Newport in the north to Cuba and the West Indies in the south. Her activities consisted mostly of type training and independent ship's exercises. Frequently, however, she served as target ship for submarines engaged in training and as school ship for the Fleet Sonar School located at Key West, Florida. Fleet exercises, special projects, and periodic overhauls also added further variety to her schedule of operations. During June 1957, she also participated in the International Fleet Review held at Norfolk. That same month, her home port was changed from Newport, Rhode Island, to Key West, Florida. Summer brought a midshipman cruise down the St. Lawrence River to Quebec, Canada, and thence back to Boston and finally to Norfolk. On 16 August, she finally entered her new home port for the first time since her reassignment.

First Mediterranean cruise

Her stay there proved brief for, on 30 August, she embarked upon her first voyage to the Mediterranean in company with Escort Squadron 1 (CortRon) 12. She arrived at Naples, Italy, on 14 September and, soon thereafter, began a full round of NATO exercises, highlighted by amphibious assault training at Souda Bay, Crete. At the conclusion of her Mediterranean assignment on 6 November, she departed Gibraltar and headed via the Azores to Key West. Upon her arrival in Key West on 20 November, Woodson saw CortRon 12 broken up and parceled out ship by ship to various ports to support the training of Naval Reserve units.

Training Naval Reservists

She got underway on 2 December; headed for her own new home port, New Orleans, Louisiana; and arrived there two days later. For the remainder of her active career, Woodson cruised the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies training New Orleans-based naval reservists. On 16 May 1959, her status was reduced from in commission to in service, though her mission, Naval Reserve training, remained the same. She helped naval reservists to polish their skills both at dockside at New Orleans and underway in the Gulf of Mexico until 11 August 1962 when she was placed in reserve.

Final decommissioning
Following inspection and survey in June 1965, her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 July 1965. She was sold for scrapping to the Boston Metals Co., of Baltimore, Maryland, on 16 August 1966.

See also
List of United States Navy ships

References

External links
 NavSource Online: Destroyer Escort Photo Archive - USS Woodson (DE-359)

Category:John C. Butler-class destroyer escorts
Category:Ships built in Orange, Texas
Category:1944 ships
Category:World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States


Minmi Rangers FC

Minmi Rangers Football Club was an Australian football club that was a foundation member of the Northern District British Football Association. It was the most successful club in the competition in the 1880s and 1890s.

History
Minmi Rangers FC was formed on 9 September 1884. Members of the inaugural team were expatriate Scottish coal miners who had settled in Minmi. By 1886 the Rangers had won their first Newcastle & District premiership. They proceeded to win the premierships of 1887, 1888, 1889, 1891, 1892 and 1893. During the same period, they won the knockout Ellis Cup competition in 1886, 1887, 1888, 1890, 1892, 1893, 1895 and 1898.

Minmi's biggest triumph came in 1892, when it claimed the Gardiner Cup. The Gardiner Cup was, from 1885 to 1928, the biggest prize in New South Wales football. Minmi 3-0 triumphed in the final against Sydney namesakes, Pyrmont Rangers.

The fortunes of Minmi Rangers FC had dwindled by the turn of the century. No further success would come after 1898. A downturn in the local coal industry saw players depart Minmi, and by 1911 the club had lost its senior competition status.

See also
 Soccer in Australia
 Northern NSW Football

References

Category:1884 establishments in Australia
Category:Soccer clubs in New South Wales
Category:1911 disestablishments in Australia
Category:Mining association football teams


Vibrating Palm (disambiguation)

The term Vibrating Palm might refer to the following:
Vibrating Palm, the "Touch of Death" Qi attacks.

 One of the five fists oassociated with Li (Lee) Family kung fu.


Writing to Reach You

"Writing to Reach You" is the first single taken from Indie band Travis' second studio album, The Man Who.

Background
The song was written by Fran Healy, who admitted that he had written this song while listening to "'74–'75" on the radio and took the guitar chords from Oasis' "Wonderwall"; as an overt acknowledgement of this, the song contains the lyric "and what's a wonderwall, anyway?". In 2004, both "Writing to Reach You" and "Wonderwall" were mixed with Green Day's "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" in the popular mashup "Boulevard of Broken Songs". The single was the group's first release in Japan and Australia, following their success in the United Kingdom. The song also earned Travis their first appearance on Top of the Pops. The single peaked at #14 on the UK Singles Chart. Fran was reading Letters to Felice from Franz Kafka while he wrote this song.

Music video
The video was directed by John Hardwick. It features Healy walking in the countryside and being attacked by a pair of innocent looking schoolchildren. They pelt him with stones and shoot him with arrows, only to find that he is wearing body armour, which he takes off with the arrows still embedded. He is also attacked by a Bf109 fighter plane being flown by one of the children. The video ends with Healy giving a letter of some sort to the school girl that shot him with arrows earlier and she runs toward the camera as it travels further away from the set.

Track listing
Australian CD single
"Writing to Reach You" — 3:42
"Green Behind the Ears" — 3:40
"Only Molly Knows" — 3:19
"Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah" — 3:49
"High as a Kite" — 2:30

Japanese CD single
"Writing to Reach You" — 3:42
"Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah" — 3:49
"High as a Kite" — 2:30
"Green Behind the Ears" — 3:40
"Only Molly Knows" — 3:19

UK Cassette & 7" single
"Writing to Reach You" — 3:41
"Only Molly Knows" — 3:20

UK CD single #1 / Digital download #1
"Writing to Reach You" — 3:44
"Green Behind the Ears" — 3:40
"Only Molly Knows" — 3:21

UK CD single #2 / Digital download #2
"Writing to Reach You" — 3:42
"Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah" — 3:49
"High as a Kite" — 2:30

Appearances in popular culture
The song's intro is used as bumper music on the Ring of Fire radio program.

References

External links

Category:Travis (band) songs
Category:1999 singles
Category:Song recordings produced by Nigel Godrich
Category:1999 songs
Category:Songs written by Fran Healy (musician)
Category:Independiente (record label) singles