Visa requirements for Finnish citizens

Visa requirements for Finnish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Finland. As of 2 July 2019, Finnish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 187 countries and territories, ranking the Finnish passport 1st in terms of travel freedom (tied with Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Singapore and the United Kingdom) according to the Henley Passport Index. Additionally, the World Tourism Organization also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the Finnish passport 1st in the world (tied with Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Singapore and the United Kingdom) in terms of travel freedom, with the mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5 and traditional visa weighted by 0).
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Visa requirements map

Visa requirements

Territories
Visa requirements for Finnish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
 — Visa required.
 — Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months).Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.
 Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.
 Brest and Grodno — Visa not required for 10 days.
 Crimea — Visa issued by Russia is required.
 — Visa free access for 3 months. Passport required.
 UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus — Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 — Freedom of movement.
 — Visa not required.
 – Visa not required.
 – Visa not required.
  – Visa not required.
 — Visa not required.
 Jan Mayen — permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.
 – Visa not required.
 — From 1 July 2019, Finnish citizens are eligible for E-visa access for 8 days.
 — visa free for 90 days.
 Closed cities and regions in Russia — special authorization required.
 — Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.
 — Visa free. Registration required after 24h.

Africa
  (outside Asmara) — visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).
 (Western Sahara controlled territory) — Visa not required up to 3 months.
 — Visa issued on arrival (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival).
 — All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
 Darfur — Separate travel permit is required.

Asia
 Hainan — Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)
 — Visa not required for 90 days.
 — Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.
 — Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.
 — Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.
 Kish Island — Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.
 — Visa not required for 90 days.
 Sabah and Sarawak — These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.
 Maldives — With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.
 outside Pyongyang – People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 — Visa not required. Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.
 — Visa not required for 90 days.
 Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province — OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.
 — A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.
 Tibet Autonomous Region — Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).
 Korean Demilitarized Zone — restricted zone.
 UNDOF Zone and Ghajar — restricted zones.
 Phú Quốc — can visit without a visa for up to 30 days.
 — Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.

Caribbean and North Atlantic

 — Visa not required for 3 months.
 — Visa not required for 30 days.
 Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa not required for 3 months.
 — Visa not required for 21 days (extendable).
 — Visa not required for 1 month (extendable).
 — Visa not required for 6 months.
 — Visitors arriving at San Andrés and Leticia must buy tourist cards on arrival.
 — Visa not required for 3 months.
 — Visa not required for 6 months.
 — Freedom of movement.
 Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.
 — Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
 — Visa not required for 30 days.
 — Visa not required for 3 months.
 — Visa not required for 90 days.
 — Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.

Oceania
 — Electronic authorization for 30 days.
 Ashmore and Cartier Islands — special authorization required.
 Clipperton Island — special permit required.
 — Visa free access for 31 days.
 Lau Province — Special permission required.
 — Visa not required.
 — Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
 — Visa not required for 3 months.
 — Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.
 — Visa not required.
 — 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.
 — Entry permit required.
 United States Minor Outlying Islands — special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.
 — Visa not required.

South Atlantic and Antarctica
 — Visitor Permit valid for 4 weeks is issued on arrival.

 — eVisa for 3 months within any year period.
 — Entry Permit (£25) for 183 days is issued on arrival.
 — Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.
 — Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).
Antarctica and adjacent islands — special permits required for , ,  Australian Antarctic Territory,  Chilean Antarctic Territory,  Heard Island and McDonald Islands,  Peter I Island,  Queen Maud Land,  Ross Dependency.
 — Certain countries will deny access to holders of Israeli visas or passport stamps of Israel because of the Arab League boycott of Israel.

Non-ordinary passports

Holders of various categories of official Finnish passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries - Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports) and Russia (diplomatic passports). Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries

When in a non-EU country where there is no Finnish embassy, Finnish citizens as EU citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.

See also List of diplomatic missions of Finland.

See also

Visa requirements for the European Union citizens
Finnish passport

References and Notes
References

Notes

Finland
Category:Foreign relations of Finland


Wiseman (disambiguation)

Wiseman is a surname.

Wiseman may also refer to:

Places
 Wiseman, Alaska, a US town
 Wiseman, Arkansas, a US town

In fiction
 Wiseman, an antagonist of the second story arc in Sailor Moon
 Wiseman, an antagonist of the Japanese tokusatsu drama Kamen Rider Wizard
 Wiseman, a character in strike the blood, an antagonist of the sixth story arc in Strike the Blood
 Wiseman, the title given to the winner of the Night Party in the light novel, manga, and anime Unbreakable Machine-Doll

Other uses
 Wiseman hypothesis, a theory in Biblical criticism
 Müller-Wiseman Dairies, formerly known as Robert Wiseman Dairies, Scottish milk supplier and distributor

See also
 Wise men (disambiguation)


Archibald Fletcher

Archibald Fletcher may refer to:

Archibald Fletcher (reformer)
Archie Fletcher, American songwriter and music publisher
Archibald Fletcher on 1956 Birthday Honours


Rishi Patel

Rishi Ketan Patel (born 26 July 1998) is an English cricketer. He has played for Essex's Second XI side, and signed a professional contract with Essex in 2018. He made his first-class debut on 26 March 2019, for Cambridge MCCU against Essex, as part of the Marylebone Cricket Club University fixtures. He made his List A debut on 28 April 2019, for Essex in the 2019 Royal London One-Day Cup.

References

External links

Category:1998 births
Category:Living people
Category:English cricketers
Category:Cambridge MCCU cricketers
Category:Essex cricketers
Category:People from Chigwell
Category:Hertfordshire cricketers


Marcus Palmer

Marcus James Palmer (born 6 January 1988) is an English footballer who made four appearances in the Football League for Hereford United. He currently plays for Westfields.

Career
Palmer was born and educated in Gloucester. As a youngster he played in the Gloucester Primary Schools' representative side, and when older he trained with Bristol Rovers. He joined Cheltenham Town's youth programme, combining studies at Hartpury College with football training; he played for Cheltenham's youth team, but failed to earn a professional contract. He was signed by Hereford in September 2006 after impressing in pre-season, after a trial at Cardiff City. He scored eight goals in reserve and Herefordshire Cup matches, including a hat-trick in the HFA Senior Floodlit Cup semi-final against Westfields.

He made his Football League debut against Swindon Town, coming on as a substitute, and made a further two appearances in the 2006–07 season, at the end of which his contract was extended for six months, and again for a further six months in January 2008. After one more first-team appearance, he joined Southern League Premier Division side Gloucester City on a month's loan in February 2008. He marked his debut the following day with a hat-trick in the 5–0 win against Rugby Town. He returned to Hereford having scored five goals from his six league appearances, but was released by Hereford at the end of the season.

Palmer agreed to spend the first month of the 2008–09 season with Gloucester City while looking at options for a return to full-time football. He played three Southern League games without scoring, then moved on to Conference North side Solihull Moors on 30 August. Palmer then left Solihull, resumed his studies at Hartpury College, and signed for Forest Green Rovers, playing in the reserve squad at The New Lawn. He was given his first team chance in March 2009 where he came off the bench against Altrincham and netted on his debut in second-half injury time. He then joined Chippenham Town on loan for the rest of the season, and just as he did for Forest Green, he scored in his opening game for the Wiltshire club.

Palmer was offered a new contract in July 2009 to stay at The New Lawn. In November, Forest Green allowed him to join Southern League Premier club Evesham United on a non-contract basis, though they retained his registration for the Conference.

In June 2010 Palmer signed for Cirencester Town. He left Cirencester however in December 2010 when he re-signed for fellow Southern Premier Division side, Evesham United. In October 2011, Palmer was the subject of a 7-day approach from Westfields.

In March 2012 he joined Stourbridge. He left the club at the end of the 2011–12 season however and re-signed for Evesham United. In June 2013, he agreed a new deal to remain with Evesham for the 2013–14 season.

References

External links

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Gloucester
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Category:Hereford United F.C. players
Category:Gloucester City A.F.C. players
Category:Solihull Moors F.C. players
Category:Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Category:Chippenham Town F.C. players
Category:Evesham United F.C. players
Category:Cirencester Town F.C. players
Category:Stourbridge F.C. players
Category:Westfields F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:National League (English football) players
Category:Southern Football League players


Hooley (surname)

Hooley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Christopher Hooley, mathematician
 Darlene Hooley
 E. Purnell Hooley
 E. T. Hooley (1842–1903), explorer, pastoralist and politician in Western Australia
 Ernest Terah Hooley (1859–1947), English and financier and business promoter
 Frank Hooley
 Teresa Hooley, poet
 Peter Hooley, Australian basketball player
 Terri Hooley, record label owner
 Reginald Hooley (1865-1923) English amateur paleontologist
 Richard M. Hooley (1822-1893), American theatrical manager

See also
 Holey (disambiguation)
 Sylvester Ahola (1902-1995), American jazz trumpeter, nicknamed "Hooley"


Henry Moyes

Henry Moyes (1750 – 1807) was a blind Scottish lecturer on natural philosophy.

Life
As an itinerant public speaker he helped raise 18th century popular interest in the new field of chemistry. He mixed with the greatest engineers and scientists of the day and attended the Lunar Society. In London he shared a room in George Street, Hanover Square with Adam Walker where lectures were given to small groups of gentry. Moyes was described as an excellent lecturer in philosophy by Joseph Priestley. His portrait was painted by John Russell.

He was born in 1750 and came from a humble Kirkcaldy background and was blinded aged three by smallpox. In 1766 he was befriended by Adam Smith, when the latter was in Kirkcaldy writing his Wealth of Nations. The boy showed precocious aptitude and, as well as teaching Moyes himself, Smith secured the patronage of David Hume and Thomas Reid in the young man's education.

Being blind, he required assistance for demonstrations and his assistant, nephew William Nicol, would himself become notable for his contributions to science.

During 1784–86, he toured the United States giving successful lectures in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Princeton and Charleston, South Carolina. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1785. Thereafter, he settled in Manchester, England, and undertook a tour of Ireland.

His brother was '"Old Moses" the dreary, drowsy, drone' (Episcopalian Minister of the Cowgate, Edinburgh).

Freemasonry
Moyes was an Affiliate Member of Lodge Holyrood House (St Luke's), No.44, (Edinburgh, Scotland). It is not, yet, known in which Lodge he was Initiated. That he was totally blind was not (and is not) an impediment to his becoming a Freemason.

External links
The Grand Lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland.
http://edinburghbookshelf.org.uk/volume8/page260/single

References

Category:1750s births
Category:1807 deaths
Category:Blind people from Scotland
Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:People from Kirkcaldy
Category:People of the Scottish Enlightenment
Category:Philosophy teachers
Category:Scottish Freemasons


Wasatch Range

The Wasatch Range ( ) is a mountain range in the western United States that runs about  from the Utah-Idaho border south to central Utah . It is the western edge of the greater Rocky Mountains, and the eastern edge of the Great Basin region.  The northern extension of the Wasatch Range, the Bear River Mountains, extends just into Idaho, constituting all of the Wasatch Range in that state.

In the language of the native Ute people, Wasatch means "mountain pass" or "low pass over high range." According to William Bright, the mountains were named for a Shoshoni leader who was named with the Shoshoni term wasattsi, meaning "blue heron".

Overview

Since the earliest days of white settlement, most of Utah's population has chosen to settle along the range's western front, where numerous rivers exit the mountains. For early settlers, the mountains were a vital source of water, timber, and granite. Today, 85% of Utah's population lives within  of the Wasatch Range, mainly in the valleys just to the west. This westside concentration is known as the Wasatch Front and has a population of just over 2,000,000. Salt Lake City lies between the Wasatch Range and the Great Salt Lake.

The range's highest point —  — is Mount Nebo, a triple peak rising above Nephi, at the southern end of the range. In some places the mountains rise steeply from the valley's base elevation of  to over . Other notable peaks include Mount Timpanogos, a massive peak which looms over northern Utah County and is especially prominent from Pleasant Grove and Orem; Lone Peak, the Twin Peaks, and Mount Olympus, which overlook the Salt Lake Valley; Francis Peak overlooking both Morgan and Davis counties; and Ben Lomond and Mount Ogden, both near Ogden.

Topping out below , Wasatch peaks are not especially high compared to the Rocky Mountains of Colorado or even the Uinta Mountains (the other main portion of the Rocky Mountains in Utah). However, they are sculpted by glaciers, yielding notably rugged, sweeping upland scenery. They also receive heavy falls of snow: more than  per year in some places. This great snowfall, with its runoff, made possible a prosperous urban strip of some 25 cities along nearly  of mountain frontage. The Wasatch Range is home to a high concentration of ski areas, with 11 stretching from Sundance in northeastern Utah County to Powder Mountain and Wolf Mountain northeast of Ogden. There is also one ski resort in the Bear River Mountains (Beaver Mountain). Park City alone is bordered by two ski resorts. Due to the low relative humidity in wintertime, along with the added lake-effect from the Great Salt Lake, the snow has a dry, powdery texture which most of the local ski resorts market as "the Greatest Snow on Earth". The snow and nearby ski resorts helped Salt Lake City gain the right to host the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Several of the canyons in the Lone Peak area, most notably Little Cottonwood Canyon, have a number of high-quality granite outcroppings, and make up a popular climbing area such as the Pfeifferhorn. Farther north, Big Cottonwood Canyon features tricky climbing on quartzite.

The densely vegetated narrow canyons of the Wasatch Range, such as Big Cottonwood Canyon and Little Cottonwood Canyon, are heavily visited; on September 25, 2005, 1,200 automobiles entered Little Cottonwood in an hour. The canyons sit within  of downtown Salt Lake City and the year-round paved roadways can reach  higher in elevation above the city within a short distance. Dirt roads readily drivable in passenger cars with moderate clearance stretch up from Park City, Heber, and Big Cottonwood Canyon. These reach about  above sea level and provide long-range high country views.

Geography and geology

Mount Nebo, the highest peak of the Wasatch, is at the southern edge of the range. The Colorado Plateau comes to its northwest corner here as it meets the southern end of the Rocky Mountains. Immediately west of these two, the Great Basin, which is the northern region of the Basin and Range Province, begins and stretches westward across western Utah and Nevada until it reaches the Sierra Nevada near the Nevada/California border. The range is punctuated by a series of geologic faults, chief among them the Wasatch Fault. These faults also formed the Timpanogos Cave.

The northern Wasatch Range is punctuated by a series of mountain valleys. While the western side of the range drops sharply to the floors of the Wasatch Front valleys, the eastern side of the range is gentler, allowing for the construction of several ski resorts. The Cottonwoods, a particularly rugged and dense area just east of the Salt Lake Valley, shelters small mountain coves that harbor four world-famous ski resorts (Alta, Brighton, Solitude, and Snowbird). The eastern slopes of the Cottonwoods drop to the Snyderville Basin, which contains Park City and its two ski resorts (Park City Mountain Resort and Deer Valley). Much of the eastern side of the range from north of Salt Lake City to the Bear River Mountains is especially gentle in comparison to the rest of the range. The range widens east of Ogden, sheltering a high mountain valley known as the Ogden Valley. Three more ski resorts lie here, as well as several small towns (such as Huntsville, Liberty, and Eden).

North of this, the Wellsville Mountains branch off from the northwest of the range, continuing a line of mountains paralleling the I‑15 corridor. This range is exceptionally thin and steep. However, US‑89/US‑91 is maintained as a four-lane highway through the range at Wellsville Canyon east of Brigham City. Cache Valley, created by the Bear River, is flanked on the west by the Wellsville Mountains and the east by the much denser and higher Bear River Mountains. The northwestern border of Cache Valley is flanked by the Bannock Range in Idaho. The two highest peaks in this area are Mount Naomi and Mount Logan, each just under .

The southeastern portion of the range across Wasatch County transforms into the relatively flat, windswept Wasatch Plateau at an elevation of about  to . At its southeastern edge, just north of Helper, it runs into the Book Cliffs. Further north, the Heber Valley and Weber River Valley separate the Wasatch Range from the Uinta Mountains, while the Bear River Valley and Bear Lake Valley separate it from lower mountain ranges that mark the western edge of the Green River Basin.

The Wasatch Range is traversed by just seven highways, along with several rugged mountain roads and unpaved trails. The most prominent are I‑80 through Parley's Canyon east of Salt Lake City, and I‑84 through Weber Canyon southeast of Ogden. They meet near the ghost town of Echo on the eastern slopes of the range and continue northeast as I‑80. Other highways through the range include US‑6/US‑89 through Spanish Fork Canyon, US‑189 through Provo Canyon, Utah State Route 39 extending east from Huntsville (a route which is closed in winter), US‑89/US‑91 through Logan Canyon, and along Idaho State Highway 36 near the northern end of the range.

The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad had a line through the Wasatch Range, via Soldier Summit Pass and Spanish Fork Canyon. Now operated by the Union Pacific Railroad, the line is used by freight trains and Amtrak's California Zephyr.

Ecology
The Wasatch Range is part of the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Level 3 Ecoregion, a temperate coniferous forest. Common trees include Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), subalpine fir (Abies bifolia), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) is common on the foothills of the range from just south of Brigham City in the north, to the southern extension of the Wasatch Range. It is not found in the northern portion of the Range. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), while abundant elsewhere in Utah is not common in this mountain range, except in plantations in Big Cottonwood Canyon southeast of Salt Lake City and in Logan Canyon, east of Logan. Some individual trees have been found in remote areas of the Wasatch Range that appear to be relic individuals from past populations.

Subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) dominate drier portions of the landscapes. Most of the sagebrush that occurs in the Wasatch Range is mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana). Many of the valley bottoms at one time were occupied by basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata). Most of this subspecies has been removed, however, because it occurred on what constitutes prime agricultural lands.  In upper elevations, and on slightly more mesic sites than that of mountain big sagebrush, one can find subalpine big sagebrush (Artemisia tridenta ssp. spiciformis). This subspecies occupies productive sites and often has a lush understory of wildflowers and grasses. Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) occurs at the lowest and driest elevations, although much of the Wasatch Range is above the elevation where this subspecies occurs. All sagebrush species, combined, provide critical habitat to greater sage grouse, a species under consideration for listing by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

The Wasatch Range is home to several plants that occur nowhere other than in this area.  Several of these are very rare and restricted to narrow geological formations, while others are more widely distributed throughout the area. Some of the less rare endemics include five-petal cliffbush (Jamesia americana var. macrocalyx), Sierra fumewort (Corydalis caseana ssp. brachycarpa), and Utah angelica (Angelica wheeleri).

Recreation

Besides ski resorts, the Wasatch range has hundreds of miles of mountain biking and hiking trails winding through the canyons and alpine valleys of the Wasatch Range. These offer back country access close to a large metropolitan area. There is rock climbing and mountaineering on the towering limestone, granite, and quartzite peaks and in many of the surrounding canyons.

Winter recreation includes ski touring, ski mountaineering, snowshoeing.

Alpine lakes and streams offer somewhat over-worked fishing opportunities. The Wasatch Mountain Club has regular activities. The Utah Native Plant Society conducts regular walks from spring until fall along the foothills of the central Wasatch Front and in adjoining canyons as the seasons progress. Many wildflowers bloom in the late summer in Albion Basin at the top of Little Cottonwood Canyon.

See also

 List of mountain ranges of Utah
 List of mountain ranges of Idaho

References

Geology of Utah, William Lee Stokes, Utah Museum of Natural History, Salt Lake City, 1986.
Wasatch Quartzite, John Gottman, Salt Lake City, 1979.
Wasatch Tours, Alexis Kelner & Dave Hanscom, Wasatch Publishers, Salt Lake City, 1976.
Flora of the Central Wasatch Front, Utah. L. Arnow, B. Albee, & A Wycoff, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 1980.
Gori, P.L. and Hays, W.W. (Eds.) (2000). Assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah [U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1500-K-R]. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

Further reading
 Parry, William T. (2005). A Hiking Guide to the Geology of the Wasatch Mountains: Mill Creek and Neffs Canyons, Mount Olympus, Big and Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons, .
 Veranth, John (1991). Wasatch Winter Trails,  .
 Veranth, John (2014). Hiking the Wasatch. 3rd Ed. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
 Winters, Randy (2006). Utah's Eleveners: A Hiking and Climbing Guide to the 11,000-foot Mountains of Utah's Wasatch Range, .

External links

 Aerial view of Wasatch Range
 Image of Cottonwood Ridge

Category:Mountain ranges of Utah
Category:Ranges of the Rocky Mountains
Category:Regions of Utah
Category:Wasatch Front
Category:Mountain ranges of Salt Lake County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Utah County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Juab County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Davis County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Morgan County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Weber County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Summit County, Utah
Category:Mountain ranges of Wasatch County, Utah
Category:Uinta National Forest
Category:Wasatch-Cache National Forest


1985 Palanca Awards

The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1985 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).

English division
Short story
First Prize: “A Nobel Prize for Jorge Luis Borges” by Eli Ang Barroso; and “The Hand of God” by Conrado De Quiros
Second Prize:
Third Prize: “Men of the East” by Charlson Ong

Poetry
First Prize: “Dream of Knives” by Alfred A. Yuson; and “Miscellanea 1984-1985” by Alfredo N. Salanga
Second Prize: “Ara Vos Prec” by Eric Gamalinda; “Confabulations” by Felix Fojas; and “Finders of the Image” by Mariano Kilates
Third Prize: “In the South Country” by Juaniyo Arcellana; “The Gift Supreme” by Merlie Alunan; and “Voyage in Dry Season” by Jose Victor Peñaranda

Essay
First Prize: “Micro Sense, Macro Madness” by Conrado De Quiros
Second Prize: “In Memory of Rizal, In Remembrance of Madrid” by Gregorio Brillantes
Third Prize: “A Filipino Poet's Tokyo” by Alfred A. Yuson; and “Reportage on the State of Class War and Philippine Poetry” by Edel Garcellano

One-Act Play
First Prize: “El Sentido del Indio” by Jorge Hernandez
Second Prize: “First Fruits” by Elsa M. Coscolluela
Third Prize: “Blessed are the Poor” by Herminia Sison

Full-length Play
First Prize: No winner
Second Prize: No winner
Third Prize: “The Maragondon Conspiracy” by Felix A. Clemente; and “Passion Play” by Florencio Quintos

Filipino division
Short story
First Prize: “Unang Binyag” by Ernie Yang
Second Prize: “Mga Lamat ng Moog” by Danilo Consumido
Third Prize: “Alitaptap sa Gabing Maunos” by Lamberto E. Antonio

Poetry
First Prize: “Puntablangko” by Mike L. Bigornia
Second Prize: “Pagsalubong sa Habagat” by Lamberto E. Antonio
Third Prize: “Etsetera” by Alfredo N. Salanga

Essay
Special Prizes:
“Isang Munting Aklat ng mga Gunita” by Anselmo Roque
“Now for the Fun of Flowing Gutter” by Fidel Rillo, Jr.
“Pagbuo ng Sariling Pampanitikang Ideolohiya” by Pedro L. Ricarte
“Patria Concha Andal: Ina, Bilanggo, Biktima” by Sol Juvida
“Seks/Dahas: Pelikula/Lipunan” by Isagani R. Cruz

One-Act Play
First Prize: No winner
Second Prize: No winner
Third Prize: No winner
Special Mention: “Experimento” by Vergel A. Ramos; “Pulanlupa” by Bonifacio Ilagan; and “Sa Ngalan ng Ama” by Roberto Jose De Guzman

Full-length Play
First Prize: “Sandatahan” by Jose C. Papa
Second Prize: “Pansamantalang Dilim” by Bienvenido Noriega Jr.
Third Prize: “Martir” by Roberto Jose De Guzman; and “Stateside” by Corazon Urquico

References

Category:Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1985


Pen Ran

Pen Ran (, ), also commonly known as Pan Ron in some Romanized sources intended for English-speaking audiences, was a Cambodian singer and songwriter who was at the height of her popularity in the 1960s and early 1970s. Known particularly for her western rock and soul influences, flirtatious dancing, and risque lyrics, Pen Ran has been described by the New York Times as a "worldly, wise-cracking foil" to the more restrained Cambodian pop singers of her era. She disappeared during the Khmer Rouge genocide and her exact fate is unknown.

Life and career
Very little is known of Pen Ran's personal history. It has been established that she was from Battambang in northwestern Cambodia and attended the same school as the younger Ros Serey Sothea, another popular singer of the same era. Pen Ran had a sister named Pen Ram (sometimes Romanized as Pan Rom) who was also a singer in the later years of the Cambodian psychedelic rock scene.

In the 1960s, Cambodian Head of State Norodom Sihanouk, a musician himself, encouraged the development of popular music in Cambodia. Initially, pop records from France and Latin America were imported into the country and became popular, inspiring a flourishing pop music scene based in Phnom Penh and led by singers like Sinn Sisamouth. Pen Ran was an early entrant in this music scene, with the hit song "Pka Kabas" in 1963, but she became a national star when she began recording with Sinn Sisamouth in 1966. Starting in the late 1960s Ran recorded many collaborations with Sisamouth and other notable Cambodian singers of the period, while continuing her solo career. The debut of the popular Ros Serey Sothea in 1967 had little effect on Pen Ran's career and perhaps even broadened her popularity as the second leading lady of Cambodian popular music.

Style and legacy

Pen Ran was known for her unrestrained personality and western-oriented hairstyles and fashions, rejecting traditional demands on Khmer women and representing new and modern gender roles. Her onstage dancing and flirtatious lyrics were considered scandalous in Cambodia at the time. Translated titles of her songs indicate her risque focus on romance and sexuality (for example, "I'm Unsatisfied" and "I Want to Be Your Lover") and a rejection of traditional courtship (for example, "It's Too Late Old Man"). Near the end of her music career Pen Ran was still an unmarried career woman in her early thirties, which was also unusual for Cambodia at the time. She addressed this topic in the song "I'm 31" which was an answer to Ros Serey Sothea's hit song "I'm 16."

Pen Ran was known to be a very versatile singer, having a repertoire consisting of traditional Cambodian music, rock, twist, cha cha cha, agogo, mambo, madizon, jazz, and folk. When discussing her vocal abilities, one researcher has said "Pan Ron hits notes that shatter glass." Decades later, Nick Hanover described the unique combination of Cambodian and Western influences in the track "Rom Jongvak Twist" as "a Cambodian spin on American dance crazes that sounds less like Chubby Checker than Lydia Lunch." Throughout her career, she is believed to have performed on hundreds of songs, many of which she wrote herself.

Pen Ran disappeared during the Khmer Rouge genocide of the late 1970s and her exact fate is unknown. Her younger sister Pen Ram said that she survived until the Vietnamese invasion of late 1978/early 1979 when the Khmer Rouge launched their final series of mass executions. Given the goal of the Khmer Rouge to remove foreign influences from Cambodian society, Pen Ran's individuality probably ensured her death. In a 2015 BBC documentary on the band Cambodian Space Project, who have covered many of Pen Ran's songs, it was alleged by an interview subject that she was tricked by the Khmer Rouge into performing one of her songs, after which she was led away and executed. Starting in the late 1990s, interest in Pan Ron's music was revived by the album Cambodian Rocks and similar CD compilations, while the documentary film Don't Think I've Forgotten described her as one of the most influential artists of her era, as well as one of the most popular artists amongst younger Cambodians.

Discography
Some of the songs (from the hundreds) that she actually composed and sang herself or with Sinn Sisamouth or Ros Serey Sothea include:

Solo performances

Bondam Tunle Buon Mouk
Bong Kom Pruoy/"Don't Worry Darling"
Chan Penh Boromey
Cherng Mek Por Kmao
Chnam Oun 31
Chongban Kour Sne/"I Want To Be Your Lover"
Chong Nov Ler Mek
Chrolom Pdey Keh
JomBang Jet
Jumno Trocheak
Juob Ter Bros Kbot
Kam Peah
Kanya Paet-Sep Kilau/Kanha 80 Kilo
Kdao Tngai Min Smoe Kdao Chit
Ke Kramom Tha Ke Chasa
Kmom Na Min Tech
Komlos Chres Chab
Komlos Lan Krahorm
Konlong Pnhei Khluon
Memeay Sabay Chet
Mini Samput Khaech/"Mini Skirt"
Memay Bei Dong/"Widowed Thrice"
Meta Oun Pong
Min Jong Skoal Teh Kdey Snaeha
Mjas Chenda
Mtay Kaun
Oh Pleang Euy
Oun Deung
Oun Skol Chet Bong Srey
Oun Trov Ka Bong/"I Need You"
Pdey Khmeng/"Young Husband"
Phaem Nas Sneha/"Sweet Love"
Pka Kabas
Pka Sondun
Preah Paey Popok
Pros Chang Reiy
Pros Reang Yeh Yeh/Ya Ya Men
Puos Vek Sork Sroka
Reatrey Nov Pailin
Rom Ago Ago/Rom Ton Kloun Nov Kmeng
Rom Jongvak Twist
Rom Min Chaet Te
Rom Som Leis Keh
Sabay Avey Mles
Sday Chit Del Sralanh
Sein Kmas Keh
Sneha/Kom Veacha Tha Sneha Knom (Cover of Bang Bang by Nancy Sinatra)
Sneh Krom Mlob Chhrey
Somleng Kmous Kah
Sour Ey Sour Jos
Srolanh Bong Dol Cha-eung
Sromai Jea Nich
Sva Rom Monkiss/"Monkey Dance"
Tom Gomsang Jenda
Tngai Na Bong Tomner
Tngai Nis Min Jol Pteas Te/"Not Going Home Today"
Tgnai Nis Reabka Knyom
Tngai Sonrak
Tonsa Mok Pi Na
Veal Smoa Khiev Kchey
When Will You Be Free
Yuop Nih Oun Throv Ka Bong

Duets with Sin Sisamouth and other artists

Somphor Chan Kreufa (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Kaal Na Pka Reek
Kuu Nep Nit
Ahnet Oun Phorng Pdei Euy (Pan Ron & Eng Nary)
Bondaet Kbone Laeng (Pan Ron & Sisamouth )
Brorjum Knea Rom Sabay (Pan Ron)
Cer Chaet Chol Chnam (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Deing Eiy Teh Bong (Pan Ron & Meas Samon)
Jole Jroke Sin Nean (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Kromom Tang Bey (Pan Ron, Ros Sereysothea & Huoy Meas)
Lit Ondat Chea Bakse (Pan Ron & Eng Nary)
PasDai Ban Heiy (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Sahao Bomput Dot Manoos Tieng Ruos
Smak Bong Lan Tmey
Smak Oun Mouy (Pan Ron, Sothea & Sisamouth)
Snea Douch Jeung Meik (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Soom Gneak Mok Niss (Pan Ron, Sothea & Sisamouth)
Srey Chnas Bros Chnerm (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Srey No (Pan Ron & Eng Nary)
Srey Sross Somross Kmean Ptum (1963)
Srorlanh Srey Nas (Pan Ron & In Yeng)
Tgnai Jey Nak Phnom (Pan Ron & Tet Somnang)
Tov Surprise Mdong (Pan Ron & Sereysothea)
Trov Bong Sleak Kbin (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
Sra Em Phalla (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)

References

Category:Cambodian female singers
Category:People from Battambang Province
Category:Khmer-language singers
Category:Khmer female singers
Category:Murdered entertainers
Category:People executed by the Khmer Rouge
Category:People who died in the Cambodian genocide
Category:20th-century singers
Category:20th-century women singers


Henry B. Payne

Henry B. Payne (November 30, 1810September 9, 1896) was an American politician from Ohio. Moving to Ohio from his native New York in 1833, he quickly established himself in law and business while becoming a local leader in Democratic politics. After serving in the Ohio Senate, Payne was elected to a single term in the United States House of Representatives in 1874. In the House, he worked unsuccessfully for a compromise in the debate over whether all of the nation's currency should be backed by gold. He was defeated for reelection, but served on the Electoral Commission that convened in early 1877 to resolve the dispute over the results of the 1876 presidential election. He ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1880, but lost to Winfield Scott Hancock, who would go on to lose the general election to James A. Garfield. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1884. His election by the Ohio legislature was tainted with charges of bribery, but after investigation by the Senate, Payne was permitted to keep his seat. In the Senate, he voted for moderate tariff reforms and against the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, but was otherwise a reliable Democratic vote. He did not run for reelection, and died in 1896.

Early life
Henry Payne was born in Hamilton, Madison County, New York, in 1810, to Elisha and Esther (née Douglass) Payne.  Both of his parents were Connecticut natives who had moved to New York in the 1790s.

Payne attended the common schools and graduated from Hamilton College in 1832. After graduation, Payne read law in the Canandaigua office of John C. Spencer, a Whig politician and future Secretary of War. While working there, Payne became good friends with future United States Senator and 1860 Democratic presidential candidate Stephen A. Douglas, who was studying law with another local attorney.

Career
In 1833, Payne moved to Cleveland, Ohio, then a town of just 3000 people. Douglas preceded him there, but was ill, and Payne's first task on arrival in Ohio was to nurse his friend back to health. Under Sherlock J. Andrews, Payne continued to study law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. He opened his own practice the same year, forming a partnership with future United States federal judge Hiram V. Willson. The firm became successful quickly; within ten years Payne and Willson was among the top firms in Ohio.

Payne's law practice continued to be successful through the early 1840s, but after suffering from attacks of hemoptysis (bleeding in the lungs), he was forced to curtail his activities. Instead, he devoted his time to business affairs and local politics. He began to promote the extension of railroads into Cleveland. Along with a few associates, Payne founded the Cleveland and Columbus Railroad in 1851, and served as its president. He also invested in several other local railroads. He resigned the railroad presidency in 1854, but the following year became president of a different railroad, the Painesville and Ashtabula. That same year, Payne became one of Cleveland's first water works commissioners. He also invested in real estate, and in 1888 arranged for the construction of the Perry-Payne Building in the present-day Warehouse District.

Ohio politics
Payne entered local politics as a Democrat, serving as a Presidential elector in 1848 for Democratic nominees Lewis Cass and William Orlando Butler. He was elected to the Cleveland City Council in 1849, and served there until 1854. At the same time, he was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1849 to 1851. His skill as a parliamentarian led his party to nominate him for the United States Senate in 1851, but the election went to Whig candidate, Benjamin Wade, by a vote of 44–34. Payne attended the 1856 Democratic National Convention, where he worked successfully for the nomination of James Buchanan. He ran for Governor of Ohio in 1857, but narrowly lost to the incumbent Republican, Salmon P. Chase. With more than 300,000 votes cast, Payne fell short of victory by just 1,503. In 1860, he again attended the Democrats' convention, where he helped nominate his old friend Stephen A. Douglas, and sided with Douglas's faction as the party divided into northern and southern halves.

At the 1860 convention, Payne denounced the right of secession, and during the Civil War that began the next year, he was a staunch supporter of the Union. Although he was not an abolitionist, he opposed the further extension of slavery. During the war, Payne used some of his wealth to help equip Ohio regiments. He was 50 years old when the war began, too old to volunteer himself, but two of his sons served in the Union Army with his blessing. After the war, Payne continued his political activity, leading the Ohio delegation to the 1872 Democratic National Convention, where he supported the eventual nominee, Horace Greeley. He campaigned on Greeley's behalf, raising his own political profile in the process. In 1874, Payne ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives from Ohio's 20th district, and was elected with a 2500-vote majority over the incumbent Republican, Richard C. Parsons.

U.S. House of Representatives
When the 44th United States Congress assembled, the House was controlled by the Democrats for the first time since the Civil War. Payne was placed on the Banking and Currency Committee and the Committee for the Reform of Civil Service. At the time, the currency circulating in the United States was a mix of gold-backed dollars and "greenbacks" that were backed only by the credit of the United States, with the public considering greenbacks to be worth less than gold dollars. The previous Congress, controlled by Republicans, had passed the Specie Payment Resumption Act, which would return the United States to the gold standard by 1879. Opinion among Democrats was split, with Eastern Democrats supporting the Act, and Western and Southern members hoping for its repeal.

Payne drew up a compromise bill, in which the Resumption Act would be repealed and replaced with a gradual, partial return to gold-backed money. Under the Payne Act, national banks would be required to build up gold reserves equal to three percent of the value of greenbacks in circulation that year, adding an additional three percent each year until 1885, when they would have gold reserves of thirty percent of the value of circulating greenbacks. At that point, greenbacks would become redeemable in at least thirty percent gold. This compromise was still too much for the Eastern Democrats and Republicans who favored the gold standard, and the Banking Committee refused to approve the bill. Payne contrived to bypass his committee and bring the bill for a vote by the whole House, but it was voted down, 81 to 157. The House later passed a complete repeal of the Resumption Act, 133 to 120, but the Senate declined to take up the matter. Specie resumption remained the law of the land when the 44th Congress's term expired.

In the 1876 presidential election, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden of New York in one of the most hotly contested presidential elections to that time in the nation's history. The results initially indicated a Democratic victory, but the electoral votes of several states were ardently disputed until mere days before the new president was to be inaugurated. Members of both parties in Congress agreed to convene a bipartisan Electoral Commission, which ultimately decided the race for Hayes. Payne was named to the committee at Tilden's request, but the results went against the Democrats as Hayes was declared the winner of the disputed votes. After the Commissions result, Payne joined many Democrats in attempting to delay the House proceedings in hopes of forcing a more favorable result, but was outvoted by Republicans and the Democrats who sided with Speaker Samuel J. Randall in accepting the Commission's result. The effort failed, and Hayes became president on March 4, 1877.

Presidential politics
Payne ran for reelection in 1876 but was defeated by Republican Amos Townsend. He remained involved in politics, however, and even considered running for the Democratic nomination for President in 1880. Tilden, while not officially a candidate, wielded a heavy influence over the convention. Tilden was ambiguous about his willingness to participate in another campaign, leading some delegates to defect to other candidates, while others stayed loyal to their old standard-bearer. Tilden did tell some of his close supporters that, if he did not run, Payne would be his first choice and House Speaker Samuel J. Randall his second. With that, many of the Tilden loyalists pledged their support to Payne, at least until Tilden decided to enter the race. Although Tilden ultimately declined to be nominated, Payne's chances were hindered when Ohio's delegation remained loyal to Senator Allen G. Thurman. Although Payne place third on the convention's first ballot, on the second the delegates stampeded to General Winfield Scott Hancock, who was nominated.

Election to the U.S. Senate
In 1884, the Democrats held a majority in the Ohio legislature. In a caucus meeting to determine the party's choice for United States Senator, many Democratic legislators looked to replace the incumbent Senator, Democrat George H. Pendleton, because they disagreed with his advocacy of civil service reform and low tariffs. Some of Pendleton's opponents, led by Oliver Payne, promoted Henry Payne for the Senate seat, recalling his opposition to both of those positions during his time in the House. After a secret ballot by the Democratic caucus, Payne received 46 out of 80 votes. Because Oliver was a trustee and treasurer of the Standard Oil company, many of the Pendleton supporters immediately alleged that $100,000 from the oil trust had been used to bribe Democratic legislators, and claimed that an open ballot would not have favored Payne.

When the full legislature met, Payne was elected with 78 votes out of 120. The Democratic legislature initially refused to investigate their members' alleged corruption, but when Republicans regained the majority in the next session, the legislature looked into the allegations and forwarded the results to the federal Senate. The evidence gathered was voluminous, but the Senate declined to expel Payne, who proclaimed his innocence. While there was never enough evidence for definitive proof of bribery, biographer Dewayne Burke wrote that the "circumstantial evidence seems to convict Payne" of the charge.

Tariffs and interstate commerce
In the Senate, the most prominent fight was over the need for a strong protective tariff, which made foreign goods more expensive but encouraged domestic manufacturing. Payne supported a high tariff, but thought some small reductions would be prudent in order to reduce the federal government's surplus. He joined fellow Senate Democrats in rejecting a tariff bill proposed by Iowa Republican William B. Allison, which would have raised the rates even higher than Payne thought prudent. His only contribution to the debate was to argue against a reduction in the tariff on steel and iron. This Allison bill passed the Republican-controlled Senate, but failed to pass in the House, which was controlled by Democrats.

At the same time, the regulation of interstate commerce, especially as concerned the railroads, was a political issue. The call for regulation of the railroads divided the nation's business interests, with railroads working against legislation and manufacturers, who were aggrieved by high railroad rates, joining the reformers. Standard Oil joined the latter group in calling for Congressional action. In 1886, Payne voted for a bill that would reform railroad rates slightly, but was considered ineffective by reformers. After amendments by the House, however, the bill returned to the Senate with more substantive prohibitions on the practices consumers and manufacturers found most egregious. Payne voted against the strengthened Interstate Commerce Act, which passed and was signed into law by President Grover Cleveland. In explaining his vote, Payne said that the law was impractical and unfairly advantaged other methods of shipping (such as boat transportation on the Great Lakes) over the railroads.

Personal life
In 1836, Payne married Mary Perry (1818–1895), the only child of Nathan Perry, Jr., a wealthy local merchant who was the son of Nathan Perry, known as "Major," and Sophia Leonora (née Root) Perry, and his wife, Paulina (née Skinner) Perry, a daughter of Abraham Skinner and Mary (née Ayers) Skinner.  Together, they were the parents of six children:

 Nathan P. Payne (1837–1885), who became the mayor of Cleveland.
 Oliver Hazard Payne (1839–1917), a Gilded Age businessman.
 Flora Payne (1842–1893), who married Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney.
 Henry Wilson Payne (1845–1878), who graduated from Columbia Law School in May 1870; died in poor health.
 Elisha Howard Payne (1851–1852), who died young.
 Mary Perry Payne (1854–1898), who married Charles William Bingham (1846–1929).

Payne died in Cleveland on September 9, 1896, at the age of eighty-five. He is interred in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. His descendants continued to be involved in Ohio politics.  In addition to his sons Oliver and Nathan, his son-in-law was Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney of the politically prominent Whitney family. Payne was the maternal grandfather of Frances P. Bolton and great-grandfather of Oliver Payne Bolton, both of whom later served in the United States House of Representatives. The village of Payne, Ohio was named in his honor.  He was also the great-grandfather of Michael Whitney Straight, a confessed spy for the KGB.

References
Notes

Sources

Sources

External links

Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio
Category:Ohio state senators
Category:United States senators from Ohio
Category:1810 births
Category:1896 deaths
Category:People from Hamilton, New York
Category:Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland
Category:Cleveland City Council members
Category:Democratic Party United States senators
Category:Ohio Democrats
Category:Candidates in the 1880 United States presidential election
Category:1848 United States presidential electors
Category:Hamilton College (New York) alumni
Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:19th-century American politicians
Category:American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law


Roman Pivarník

Roman Pivarník (born 17 February 1967) is a football manager and former player from Slovakia.

Pivarník's playing career included a stint at SK Sigma Olomouc, which included matches in the inaugural season of the Gambrinus liga. He played 17 matches and scored twice over the course of the season.

Pivarník signed a two-year deal to take over at Gambrinus liga club Olomouc in the summer of 2012. He oversaw the club's victory in the Czech Supercup in 2012 but didn't last for the whole season, as he was replaced by assistant manager Martin Kotůlek following a poor run of results in May 2013, despite the club lying in fourth place in the league.

Honours

Player
Dukla Prague
Czechoslovak Cup (1): 1989–90

Rapid Wien
Austrian Football Bundesliga (1): 1995–96
Austrian Cup (1): 1995
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Runner-Up: 1995–96

Manager
Tatran Prešov
Slovak Second Liga (1): 2007–08

Sigma Olomouc
Czech Supercup (1): 2012

References

Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Czechoslovak footballers
Category:Slovak footballers
Category:FK Dukla Banská Bystrica players
Category:Czech First League players
Category:FK Dukla Prague players
Category:SK Sigma Olomouc players
Category:SK Rapid Wien players
Category:Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. players
Category:FC Carl Zeiss Jena players
Category:Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Category:Sportspeople from Košice
Category:Slovak football managers
Category:Slovak Super Liga managers
Category:1. FC Tatran Prešov managers
Category:Czech First League managers
Category:SK Sigma Olomouc managers
Category:FC Vysočina Jihlava managers
Category:1. HFK Olomouc managers
Category:FC Zbrojovka Brno managers
Category:Czech expatriate footballers
Category:Czech footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Austria
Category:Expatriate footballers in Israel
Category:Expatriate footballers in Germany
Category:Czech expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Category:Czech expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Category:Czech expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Category:Expatriate football managers in Austria
Category:Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Category:Czech expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:FC Fastav Zlín managers


William Thompson (viticulturist)

William Thompson (26 November 1816 - 19 October 1897) was an English born viticulturist, credited with the introduction and popularization of the Sultana grape in the Central Valley of California. Known widely as the Thompson Seedless variety in the United States, the high yielding pale green grape accounts for approximately 95% of raisins produced in California.

Early life and career
William Thompson was born in Wistow, Yorkshire, England in 1816. On the 1841 UK Census, he is described as 'Agricultural Labourer'. By the 1851 Census, he was 'Gardener of , employing 1 man'.

Thompson emigrated to the United States and after a period living in Illinois settled with his family in Sutter, California in 1863. In 1872 he acquired cuttings of the Lady de Coverly (sultana) grape from the Elwanger & Barry Nursery of Rochester, New York. The original grape rootstock is assumed to have originated from territories than now make up parts of modern Iran or Turkey only acquiring the Lady de Coverly varietal name after having been successfully cultivated in English glasshouses.

After grafting the cuttings onto existing rootstock, Thompson was eventually successful in 1875 of producing a crop of 50 pounds of large sweet, thin skinned seedless grapes. Thompson was generous in sharing his cuttings and the first 200-acre vineyard of Thompson's grapes were planted by his friend J.P. Onstott. From this vineyard cuttings were shared throughout the Central Valley and by 1920 the Thompson Seedless variety had replaced the seeded Muscat of Alexandria grape as the preferred raisin variety.

References

Category:Viticulturists
Category:British emigrants to the United States
Category:People from Selby District
Category:People from Yuba City, California
Category:American botanists
Category:1816 births
Category:1897 deaths


Bold (Angie & Debbie Winans album)

Bold is the second album by Angie & Debbie Winans, released in 1997. Angelique and Debra Renee are the ninth and tenth siblings, respectively, in the Winans family, a family of gospel music artists from Detroit, Michigan. This album contains a song entitled "Not Natural", denouncing homosexuality. This led to protests by GLAAD.

Track listing

Musicians
Guitars: Paul Jackson, Andrew Ramsey
Drums: Dee Holt
Trumpet Solo: Rod McGaha
Sax solo: Mark Douthit
Strings: Nashville String Machine
String Conductor & Arr.: Ronn Huff
All other instruments, Track arr.: Cedric Caldwell, Victor Caldwell
Background vocals: Tiffany Palmer, Duawne Starling, Debbie Winans, Angie Winans
Bold voice: Duane Hamilton
Strange Woman Intro: Tiffany Palmer
Rap Vocal: Mike-E (Michael Ellis Wright)
Lead vocals: Debbie Winans, Angie Winans

Production
Engineers: Cedric Caldwell, Victor Caldwell, Joey Verge, Bryant Russell
Recorded at: Father's Image, Quad Studio
Mixed by: Cedric Caldwell, Victor Caldwell
Mixed at: Father's Image
Producers: Cedric Caldwell, Victor Caldwell for Caldwell Plus Production
Mastering: Marty Williams at The Workstation
Art Direction: Louis Upkins, Jr.
Design: Louis Upkins, Jr. - DesignHouse, Wendi Powell - Kairos Designs
Hair: Sandy Alsup, Shelia Littleton
Photographer: Michael Gomez
Stylist: Rene' Image Agency
Make-Up: Derrick Rutledge, For About Face
Exicutive Producers: Cedric Caldwell, Victor Caldwell, Angie Winans, Debbie Winans

All track information and credits were taken from the CD liner notes.

References

Category:1997 albums


Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl

is a Japanese yuri manga series written by Satoru Akahori and illustrated by Yukimaru Katsura. The manga was originally serialized in Dengeki Daioh between the July 2004 and May 2007 issues, and later published in five bound volumes by MediaWorks from January 2005 to May 2007. The story focuses on Hazumu Osaragi, a normal, albeit effeminate high school boy who is killed when an alien spaceship crash lands on him, only to be restored to health as a girl. This results in a same-sex love triangle that Hazumu finds herself in with two of her best female friends.

A single light novel written by Mako Komao and illustrated by the manga's artist was published by MediaWorks under their Dengeki Bunko imprint in January 2006. The manga series was adapted into a twelve-episode anime television series plus a single original video animation (OVA) sequel by Studio Hibari. The anime aired in Japan on TV Tokyo between January and March 2006; the OVA was released in October 2006. A visual novel was created based on the series for the PlayStation 2 and was released in March 2006. Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the manga series for English-language publication in North America and released the five volumes between December 2006 and March 2008. Media Blasters licensed the anime series, including the OVA, and released three DVD volumes between June and October 2007 with English-subtitles. Media Blasters re-released the anime with an English dub.

The manga has been given positive reviews by the popular anime and manga magazine Newtype USA, and at the online resources Anime News Network and IGN. The first manga volume was Newtype USA's Book of the Month for December 2006, and Newtype'''s noted Seven Seas Entertainment's "fan-focused" translation without an effort to localize the humor for the mainstream American market. In July 2007, Kashimashi was Seven Seas Entertainment's best-selling title. The anime has been likened to Rumiko Takahashi's Ranma ½, though only as far as the mutual transgender themes. Critics of the anime praised the down to earth characters, and the generally great animation quality with its soft and detailed art style.

Plot

At the start of Kashimashi, a young high school boy named Hazumu Osaragi declares his love to classmate and close friend Yasuna Kamiizumi, but she quickly rejects him. Dejected, Hazumu climbs Mt. Kashima and is killed when an alien spacecraft accidentally crash lands on him. To rectify this, the alien in the ship named Hitoshi Sora brings Hazumu back to life, but inadvertently regenerates him as a female right down to the DNA level. This change in Hazumu serves as the catalyst for the development of character interactions for the remainder of the series.

After Hazumu returns to school, Yasuna unexpectedly professes her love for Hazumu, but this serves only to confuse Hazumu as she adjusts to her new life as a girl. Yasuna, a rather feminine girl, has a unique affliction which makes her incapable of seeing males, and instead sees males as covered in a gray, hazy blur. Hazumu's childhood friend Tomari Kurusu, an athletic girl and tomboy, finds Hazumu's change difficult to cope with. Tomari starts to realize her own romantic feelings for Hazumu as Yasuna starts becoming closer to Hazumu, especially after Tomari witnesses Hazumu and Yasuna kissing one day after school. A conflict arises between Yasuna and Tomari who fight for Hazumu's affection while she is unable to choose between them. This results in a love triangle emerging between the three female main characters. Hazumu's best male friend Asuta Soro also starts having romantic feelings for Hazumu, but tries his best to repress them. Tomari's good friend Ayuki Mari, an intelligent girl interested in the sciences, continuously observes the ongoing development of the love triangle while keeping a stance of watching from afar.

The very stoic Hitoshi originally came to Earth in order to study human emotions, especially those related to love, in an attempt to save his species from extinction. His species has long-since given up their emotions resulting in a loss of their sexual urges and thus a continuously dwindling population. Hitoshi moves into Hazumu's home where he is warmly welcomed by Hazumu's parents. He brings with him an artificially intelligent gynoid named Jan Pu which serves as the automatic pilot for his spaceship. Jan Pu's body is modeled after Hazumu's own female body, and possesses an energetic and childish personality.

While initially citing Hazumu's change as an accident, Hitoshi later realizes this was an unexpected result of the regeneration process. By the time Hitoshi becomes aware of his mistake, he tells Hazumu and her friends she has only one month left to live. Hitoshi explains to Hazumu's friends how someone very close to Hazumu has to donate "life grains" to Hazumu to sustain her life. While unaware her friends know about her impending death, Hazumu continues to live her life and comes to fully accept her fate. The day Hazumu is appointed to die, she falls off the school's roof and Tomari jumps off the roof in an attempt to save her. While in mid-air, Hitoshi interferes by transferring the necessary "life grains" to Hazumu, and both survive the fall. When they later wake up in the infirmary, Hazumu confesses her love to Tomari, effectively choosing her over Yasuna.

The anime ends differently, with no life-threatening situation and Hazumu choosing Yasuna in order to help cure her worsening sight problem as it begins to degrade so she can no longer see girls as well. Afterwards however, Yasuna, who becomes able to see all people again, decides to break up with Hazumu, saying she can stand on her own, and in the follow-up original video animation episode, Hazumu confesses her love to Tomari on Christmas and the two get married in a ceremony held by Hitoshi.

Production
When it was decided that Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl would begin serialization in MediaWorks' manga magazine Dengeki Daioh, Satoru Akahori wondered what kind of a message he could send to the readers, and eventually decided he wanted to write a steady message of "true love". Akahori noted that up to the creation of Kashimashi, the works that he created were far apart from the concept of true love, and much of his previous work involved a lot of ecchi content which Akahori was attempting to avoid in Kashimashi. He wondered if the story would be interesting, and if he could surprise normal readers and fans of his previous works, if he wrote a true love story without much ecchi or fan service.

When thinking on how to write about true love, Akahori considered laughingly that in normal relationships between boys and girls, it eventually tends towards having sex. In order to avoid this, he chose to have a cast of female main characters, but he felt that audiences have experienced this before and that it thus would not be enough. This is when he thought up the idea of changing the main character from a boy to a girl. Akahori knew this would be a problem, since normally changing a person's gender would cause complications, one of them being that the now-female character would invariably want to return to being male. He knew that there were a few problems that could not be avoided, but he wanted to remove the desire to turn back into a male. For this reason, Akahori devised that the character would not want to turn back into a male if there was the impact of the entire world already having accepted the fact that his gender had changed. To do this, Akahori decided to have the alien who crashed into the character to not only revive the character as a female, but to broadcast this over the entire world, which is what happens at the beginning of Kashimashi. Afterwards, Akahori felt it necessary to expand on the alien's role in the story. At this point in the development process, Akahori felt he could now begin writing the story.

The title Kashimashi loosely translates as "noisy, boisterous, or clamorous" and is derived from the Japanese phrase, . The main title was originally romanized as Kasimasi in accordance with Kunrei-shiki romanization, but this was later changed in the English adaptations to Kashimashi in accordance with Hepburn romanization.

Media

Manga

The Kashimashi manga is written by Satoru Akahori and illustrated by Yukimaru Katsura. The original character designs were created by Sukune Inugami and the school uniform was designed by the company Cospa. It was serialized between the July 2004 and May 2007 issues of the monthly manga magazine Dengeki Daioh, sold between May 21, 2004 and March 21, 2007, respectively. Five bound volumes were released in Japan between January 27, 2005 and May 26, 2007 published under MediaWorks' Dengeki Comics imprint, concluding the series at thirty-five chapters.

The manga was licensed for an English-language release in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment using the revised Hepburn romanization of the title, Kashimashi, unlike the traditional name of Kasimasi. The first volume was released on December 25, 2006, with volumes released every three to four months until the fifth volume was published on March 18, 2008. Seven Seas re-released the manga in a two-volume omnibus collection of roughly 500 pages each; volume one was published in June 2009, followed by volume two in December 2009. The series is also licensed in French by Ki-oon and in Chinese in Taiwan by Kadokawa Media.

Internet radio shows
There have been two Internet radio shows for the Kashimashi series. The first show, entitled , was produced by Beat Net Radio beginning with a pre-broadcast on September 30, 2005, and concluding on October 27, 2006 with fifty-six episodes. As implied in the title, the show was hosted by Kana Ueda, Yui Horie, and Yukari Tamura, who voiced Hazumu, Yasuna, and Tomari in the anime, respectively. Multiple guests appeared on the show such as Yūmao, who sung the anime's ending theme "Michishirube", or other voice actors from the anime such as Ryōko Shintani, who voiced Jan Pu, and Daisuke Ono, who voiced Asuta. The radio show's opening theme song was "Compass: Egao no Yukue" sung by Ueda, Horie, and Tamura. Listeners could submit contributions to the radio show via a form online. An audio CD containing the episodes between broadcast September 2005 and early 2006 went on sale on May 24, 2006.

The second Internet radio show, entitled , was also produced by Beat Net Radio, but was only available via podcasts on Bandai Visual Podcast. This show was one of only two radio programs ever distributed on Bandai Visual Podcast. The show was broadcast between December 22, 2005 and April 27, 2006, concluding with ten episodes, and was hosted by Masumi Asano and Ryōko Shintani; Asano voice Ayuki in the anime.

Books
A Kashimashi light novel, written by Mako Komao and illustrated by Yukimaru Katsura, was published by MediaWorks under their Dengeki Bunko imprint on January 10, 2006. The novel is told from a first person perspective alternating between Hazumu, Yasuna, and Tomari between chapters. There is a prologue, four chapters, and an epilogue in the novel; the prologue and the first chapter are told from Hazumu's perspective, then Yasuna's for chapter two, followed by Tomari's for chapter three, and finally back to Hazumu for chapter four and the epilogue. The last three pages of the book contain an afterword written by the author.

A 112-page artbook entitled  was released by MediaWorks on March 27, 2006. The book, which is the same size as a manga bound volume, is printed in full-color for the first forty-eight pages which consists of a compilation of promotional art from the separate media types, character profiles with original sketches and comments on the characters, plus interviews from the voice actors of Hazumu, Yasuna, Tomari, Ayuki, and Jan Pu, and lastly original concept drawings of the school uniforms in the series. The middle of the book, which is printed in black-and-white, contains a brief overview of the first twenty-one chapters of the manga, and interviews from the manga author and illustrator, anime director and scenario writer, and the light novel author. There is also a brief explanation of the PlayStation 2 visual novel, of two figurines of Hazumu, and of three audio CDs for the anime version. The last sixteen pages are again in full-color and consist of the anime's first episode in manga format.

Anime

The anime series of Kashimashi was produced by Studio Hibari, directed by Nobuaki Nakanishi, and written by Jukki Hanada. The series aired on TV Tokyo in Japan from January 11 to March 29, 2006, ending with twelve regular episodes. The episodes were released on seven DVD compilations released between April 26 and October 27, 2006, each containing two episodes. An original video animation (OVA) episode was released with the final DVD which changed the ending from the original television broadcast. There was a small additional portion during the bra shopping scene in episode two that was considered adult enough to be censored out of the television broadcast, but which was included in the DVD release. Bandai Visual released a DVD box set of Kashimashi in Japan on June 25, 2010.

The anime series was licensed by Media Blasters in November 2006. The episodes were not dubbed into English, but still included subtitles in English. The first DVD went on sale on June 12, 2007 and contained the first five episodes. Extras on the disc included two ten-minute talks between the voice actresses for the three main female characters, a small collection of Japanese television advertisements, and textless opening videos. The second DVD went on sale on August 21, 2007, and the third and final DVD went on sale on October 23, 2007; the last two DVDs contain four episodes each, including the OVA episode. A box-set containing all three DVDs was released on October 14, 2008. The first episode of the series was included with the June 2007 issue of Newtype USA. A re-release titled Kashimashi: Girl Meet Girl Vocal Collection was released on April 26, 2011 with an English dub.

Audio CDs
The anime opening theme, "Koisuru Kokoro" by Eufonius, and main ending theme, "Michishirube" by Yūmao, were both released on January 25, 2006 in Japan by Lantis. The anime used four alternate versions of the ending theme sung by four of the voice actors. In episode eight, it was sung by Masumi Asano, in episode nine by Kana Ueda as Hazumu, in episode ten by Yui Horie as Yasuna, and in episode eleven by Yukari Tamura as Tomari. The opening theme "Koisuru Kokoro" was used as the ending theme for the first episode while the song  by Yūmao was used as the ending theme in the twelfth episode.

Three insert songs sung by the voice actors were used in three of the episodes. In episode seven, the song "Hanaemi to Kasumisō" sung by Ueda was used, while in episode nine the song "Compass: Egao no Yukue" sung by Ueda, Horie, and Tamura was used; these two songs were from the "Compass: Egao no Yukue" image song single released on December 21, 2005. The last insert song,  sung by Tamura, was used in episode twelve and was featured in the image song album Norte Amour released on April 5, 2006. The album also featured other songs by Ueda, Horie, Tamura, Asano, and Ryōko Shintani, who voiced Jan Pu. The Kashimashi Original Soundtrack for the anime version was released on April 26, 2006 by Lantis.

Finally, a drama CD based on the anime version was released on May 18, 2006 featuring ten voice actors from the anime. The plot for the drama CD takes place between final aired episode of the anime and the original video animation episode.

Visual novel
A visual novel video game based on the series named  was first released on the PlayStation 2 on March 30, 2006 in Japan. The game was developed by Vridge, published by Marvelous Interactive, and released in two editions, limited and regular, on the same day. The limited edition came in a specially made box with an original drama CD called "Kashimashi Triangle Letter", and a music CD featuring songs from the game in piano arrange versions. The game was later re-released in a Best Collection edition on November 16, 2006, which sold at less than half the price of the original game. Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl The First Summer Story received a total review score of 26/40 (out of the four individual review scores of 7, 6, 7, and 6) from the Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu.

The game's story begins on the outset of summer vacation. Hazumu's homeroom teacher Namiko Tsuki suggests Hazumu and her friends take a one-week trip to a small mountain village with a hot spring resort. Hazumu's grandparents reside in this town, and are two new characters introduced to the story. Three other female characters are introduced as possible love interests for Hazumu; two are the same age as her, and the third is the older landlady of the resort. The goal of the game is to pair Hazumu up with one of the five female cast of characters. The gameplay's main system comes from Hazumu's indecisive personality. If the player shows more interest in a particular character, the other characters get annoyed that Hazumu is ignoring them, which is displayed in a tension meter. The more Hazumu ignores a particular character, the higher the tension between that character becomes. This ensures Hazumu stays good friends with the possible love interests. In order to view the ending of a particular character, a certain amount of tension will have to be between the other characters, but this cannot be too great or the ending will not show.

The gameplay requires little interaction from the player as most of the duration of the game is spent simply reading the text that appears on the game screen which represents either dialogue between the various characters or the inner thoughts of the protagonist. An important aspect of the game (as in nearly every visual novel) are the "decision points" which appear every so often which give the player the chance to choose from a limited number of options. The time between these decision points is variable and can occur anywhere from a minute to much longer. The game pauses at such moments and depending on which choice the player makes, the plot will progress in a specific direction. Each plot line can be achieved through multiple replays.

Reception

Manga
In July 2007, the English version of Kashimashi was Seven Seas Entertainment's best-selling title. The first volume of the manga was given positive reviews from such sources as Newtype USA, a popular anime and manga magazine. The first volume was named as Newtype USA's Book of the Month for December 2006, and the review noted Seven Seas Entertainment's "fan-focused" translation, which retained the honorifics and much of the Japanese wordplay without efforts to localize the humor for the mainstream American market. The review goes on to state that "for fans of more mainstream romantic productions, it's a neat twist on the traditional love-triangle formula, and a charming alternative to boys meeting girls." In a review at Anime News Network (ANN), Carlo Santos commented that "the fast-moving events of this first volume combine to form a story of many moods: a gender-bending comedy, but with sci-fi touches, and most of all, a romance more touching than one might expect. The time has come to rethink the love triangle." In a review at IGN, A. E. Sparrow stated "there's plenty to enjoy in the first book, however. Hazumu attempting to buy his first bra is pretty humorous, as are the occasional visits from the aliens who put him in this situation in the first place."

The second volume of the manga was positively reviewed at Anime News Network by Theron Martin, who wrote: "With its second volume the title pushes fully into the realm of romantic comedy, liberally sprinkling its story with humorous asides, pratfalls, and anecdotes while still dealing head-on with the much more serious and involved love triangle springing up around Hazumu. For all its attempts to be funny, though, it is the story's more dramatic side that will keep you coming back." In ANN's review of manga volume three, Theron Martin wrote, "The artistry of Yukimaru Katsura rarely devotes more effort to backgrounds than necessary, but its strength has always lain in the character designs and costuming. The array of the female cast provides a great contrast of looks [but] ... the male characters, though easily distinguishable, stand out less." In ANN's double review of manga volumes four and five, Martin commented, "these volumes offer a solid conclusion to this lovely little yuri series. It does handle things rather differently than in the anime version, and those irritated by the anime's ending should find this one more to their liking."

The first manga volume was generally panned by Deb Aoki at About.com where she felt the characters were "too flat and uninteresting", and the story being "too far-fetched" and "ridiculous" to make a good story. However, Aoki admitted the art is "quite nice, and there are some moments of genuine tenderness and humor." In a review of the first manga volume by Matthew Alexander at Mania.com, he thought that while "stories with love triangles or gender-switching protagonists have been done before...Hazumu's change into a girl explores romance between people of the same sex in an interesting and comedic way."

Anime
The anime series has been compared with a similar series that involved gender swapping—Rumiko Takahashi's Ranma ½. In a review at T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews, the reviewer wrote, "[the anime is] rather aggravating to watch at times, but seems to have no problem raising smiles whenever it wants to, either. The characters, as they are, bring much of the believability of the show, despite the alien elements. It's very much down to earth and pleasant to look at, if nothing else. The rather soft and detailed art style does help, of course, as does the generally great animation quality." The conclusion of the anime was positively reviewed by Erica Friedman, who is the president of Yuricon, an anime convention geared towards fans of yuri anime and manga, and ALC Publishing, a publishing house dedicated to yuri. Friedman described the anime's conclusion as "so normal - so much like a thing that might have actually happened in real life...that it kind of just went under the radar. So - after all these years of watching crappy unresolved restart endings we FINALLY get a real ending and it's a yuri ending where the girl remains a girl and get[s] the girl and...thud. Nothing." The anime was given an overall score of 7/10 by Friedman.

The three DVD volumes released by Media Blasters were reviewed by Anime News Network. In the review of the first DVD, the reviewer commented, "The series' skillful juggling of different characters' viewpoints puts the audience in a position to sympathize strongly with each one. Director Nobuaki Nakanishi guides the emotional content with a light, gentle touch—wisely forgoing extensive internal monologues, speeches, and emotional outbursts. Instead, he draws you in with soft, effortlessly evocative visuals and a simple, beautifully understated score, relying on subtly shifting facial expressions and meaning-laden actions to communicate the quietly affecting emotional states of his characters." For the second DVD volume, Theron Martin commented, "Every element of the production, from the style of the artistry to the palette of colors used to the soundtrack, contributes wonderfully to the look and feel of the original story, and the anime script not only exactly duplicates many scenes from the manga but also does everything in its power to stay true to the spirit of the original writing." Finally, for the third volume, Carl Kimlinger wrote "...the writers make an ill-advised attempt to remove the "bitter" from "bittersweet" by tacking on some decidedly unconvincing plot developments [in the OVA, although]...it isn't as awful as it could have been. The third volume of Kashimashi...creat[es] a deeply satisfying conclusion with all of the vicarious emotional thrills you could possibly want."

The three DVD volumes released by Media Blasters were also reviewed by Mania.com. In the review of the first DVD, the reviewer Chris Beveridge described the anime as "something different from the norm" which "mixes romance and comedy quite well". However, the pacing early on is felt as being "awkward" which "takes time to really find its rhythm". For the second DVD volume, Beveridge commented that "the mixing of the relationships continues to be the most interesting part of the show." Beveridge goes on to state "the mild moments of it are tacky and bad," but "when it comes to the core cast of characters, it's all solid material that is very enjoyable." Finally, for the third volume, Beveridge wrote that "despite the issues with how the series turns in the bonus OVA episode, Kashimashi'' has proven to be quite a lot of fun for the situations it presented." The series is seen to "close out rather well," and "not only is it good fun but it's also an enjoyable romantic show with lots of heart and emotion."

References

External links
Official website
Kashimashi at TV Tokyo
Visual novel official website
Kashimashi at Seven Seas Entertainment

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Gregory Doran

Gregory Doran (born 24 November 1958) is an English director known for his Shakespearean work. The Sunday Times called him 'one of the great Shakespearians of his generation'.

Doran is currently Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), succeeding Michael Boyd in September 2012. In an interview, announcing his appointment, Doran said that whilst Boyd had concentrated on the 'Company', he would be concentrating on the 'Shakespeare' in the Royal Shakespeare Company logo.

His notable productions include a production of Macbeth starring Antony Sher, which was filmed for Channel 4 in 2001, as well as Hamlet in 2008, starring David Tennant and Patrick Stewart.
He is on the Board of Governors for The Royal Shakespeare Company.

Background
Doran was born in Huddersfield, but his family moved to Lancashire when he was six months old. He was educated at St Pius X Catholic Preparatory School and Preston Catholic College.
He attended Bristol University studying English and Drama, where he set up his own theatre company with fellow student Chris Grady, presenting Shakespeare and related classics. He then trained as an actor at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. He received an honorary doctorate from Bristol University in July 2011 and an Honorary Degree from the University of Warwick in July 2013.

Career

Doran left the Bristol Old Vic School early having been invited to direct A Midsummer Night's Dream at Jamestown Community College in upstate New York. He then went to Nottingham Playhouse as an actor, before becoming Assistant Director then Associate Director, directing his own productions including Waiting for Godot, and Long Day's Journey into Night.

After a very brief acting career in TV, he joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1987 initially as an actor (as Solanio in The Merchant of Venice and Octavius Caesar in Julius Caesar) then became Assistant Director the following season.

He directed his first RSC production in 1992, commissioning Derek Walcott to write an adaptation of Homer's Odyssey which was performed at The Other Place.

In 1995 he directed his partner Antony Sher as Titus Andronicus at the Market Theatre, Johannesburg, South Africa. This controversial production, which toured to the National Theatre, is the subject of their book, Woza Shakespeare!

He returned to the RSC in 1996, becoming an Associate Director, and directing Jane Lapotaire, Ian Hogg and Paul Jesson in All is True (or Henry VIII), his first Shakespeare for the company.

Since then, Doran has directed over half the canon of Shakespeare's plays for the RSC.

1999
The Winter's Tale
Timon of Athens with Michael Pennington

2000
Macbeth (which was also made into a Channel 4 film)

2001
King John

2002
Much Ado About Nothing with Harriet Walter and Nicholas le Prevost
Doran supervised a season of seldom-performed Jacobean plays, including the debatedly Shakespearean Edward III and works by Philip Massinger, John Fletcher, Ben Jonson, John Marston and George Chapman which earned Doran a Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement of the Year

2003
The Taming of the Shrew
Fletcher's sequel, The Tamer Tamed with Alexandra Gilbreath and Jasper Britton
All's Well That Ends Well took Judi Dench back to the RSC after 25 years

2004
Othello with Antony Sher and Sello Maake Ncube

2005
A Midsummer Night's Dream

2006
Antony and Cleopatra with Harriet Walter, and Patrick Stewart who both returned to the RSC after 24 years
Merry Wives The Musical, with Dame Judi Dench and Simon Callow

2007
Coriolanus with Will Houston, Janet Suzman and Timothy West which toured to Madrid and Washington DC (the final production in the Royal Shakespeare Theatre before it closed for redevelopment, re-opening in winter 2010/11)

2008
Doran directed a company in three plays in the Courtyard Theatre including a revival of his 2005 production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, plus Love's Labour's Lost  and Hamlet which both featured David Tennant

2009
Film adaptation of award-winning production of Hamlet was broadcast on BBC on Boxing Day.

2011
Written on the Heart, a play by David Edgar, to mark the 400th anniversary of the publication of the King James Bible.

2012
Directed Julius Caesar for the World Shakespeare Festival, which played in Stratford-upon-Avon, London, Moscow, New York and Ohio. For Winter 2012 he directed The Orphan of Zhao (Swan Theatre).

2013
Doran directed David Tennant in the title role of Richard II at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and the Barbican.

2014
Directed Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. The production toured the UK, played at the Barbican, London and was screened live in cinemas.
Directed The Witch of Edmonton in the Swan Theatre with Eileen Atkins in the title role.

2015
Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman with Antony Sher in the role of Willy Loman, Alex Hassell as Biff and Harriet Walter as Linda Loman.
Shakespeare's Henry V

2016
Directed Shakespeare's King Lear with Antony Sher in the title role
The Tempest

2017
Directed a puppet-based performance of Venus & Adonis
Directed Imperium: Conspirator and Imperium: Dictator, based on the Cicero trilogy by Robert Harris

2018
Directed the return of Antony Sher in King Lear at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre
Directed Troilus and Cressida

2019
Directed The Boy in the Dress (musical) at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre

Non-RSC productions

Doran has directed various productions outside the RSC including:

 The York Mystery Plays in the Millennium production in York Minster, 2000
 The Real Inspector Hound and Black Comedy, 1998, Comedy Theatre, London
 Mahler's Conversion by Ronald Harwood, Aldwych Theatre, London
 The Giant by Antony Sher, Hampstead Theatre, London
 Anjin: the English Samurai by Mike Poulton
 The Merchant of Venice, Galaxy Theatre, Tokyo

TV

Doran contributed to Michael Wood's BBC series In Search of Shakespeare, and filmed a documentary for BBC Four called A Midsummer Night's Dreaming.

Books

In 2009, Doran's Shakespeare Almanac was published.

Personal life
He and frequent collaborator Sir Antony Sher have been together since 1987, and entered into a civil partnership in 2005. They married 10 years after their civil partnership on 30 December 2015.

References

External links

An audio biography of Gregory Doran

Category:1958 births
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Shaker Museum

Shaker Museum may refer to a museum about Shakers in the United States:

 Shaker Museum  Mount Lebanon, in New Lebanon, New York
 Enfield Shaker Museum, in Enfield, New Hampshire
 Shaker Museum at South Union, in Auburn, Kentucky
 Shaker Historical Museum, in Shaker Heights, Ohio

See also
 Fruitlands Museum, a Shaker museum in Harvard, Massachusetts

*Shaker Museum