Super 8 film

Super 8mm film is a motion picture film format released in 1965 by Eastman Kodak as an improvement over the older "Double" or "Regular" 8 mm home movie format.

The film is nominally 8mm wide, the same as older formatted 8mm film, but the dimensions of the rectangular perforations along one edge are smaller, which allows for a greater exposed area. The Super 8 standard also allocates the border opposite the perforations for an oxide stripe upon which sound can be magnetically recorded.

Unlike Super 35 (which is generally compatible with standard 35mm equipment), the film stock used for Super 8 is not compatible with standard 8 mm film cameras.

There are several varieties of the film system used for shooting, but the final film in each case has the same dimensions. The most popular system by far was the Kodak system.

Super 8 system

Launched in 1965 by Eastman Kodak at the 1964-65 Worlds Fair, Super 8 film comes in plastic light-proof cartridges containing coaxial supply and take up spools loaded with  of film, with 72 frames per foot, for a total of approximately 3,600 frames per film cartridge. This is enough film for 2.5 minutes at the professional motion picture standard of 24 frames per second, and for 3 minutes and 20 seconds of continuous filming at 18 frames per second (upgraded from Standard 8 mm 16 frame/s) for amateur use. In 1973 the system was upgraded with a larger cartridge, which includes film with magnetic sound. In 1975 an even larger  cartridge became available which could be used in specifically designed cameras. The sound and the 200 foot cartridge system are no longer available, but the 50 foot silent cartridge system is still manufactured. Historically, Super 8 film was a reversal stock for home projection used primarily for the creation of home movies. It became an extremely popular consumer product in the late 1960s through the 1970s, but was largely replaced in the 1980s by the use of video tape. During the mid-to-late 1980s Super 8 began to re-emerge as an alternative method for movie production, beginning with its use in MTV music videos in 1981. In 1993 the company's Super8 Sound, now called Pro8mm, pioneered the use of the color negative in Super 8 by custom perforating and loading a variety of 35mm film stocks into the Super 8 film cartridge. This included emulsions from Kodak, Fuji and Ilford. Today Super 8 color negative film is the main color stock used. There are also Super 8 reversal films available including 100D Kodak Ektachrome and 200D Agfa color as well as black-and-white (B&W) from Foma, ADOX and ORWO and Kodak.

The Super 8 plastic cartridge is probably the fastest loading film system ever developed, as it can be loaded into the Super 8 camera in less than two seconds without the need to directly thread or touch the film. In addition, coded notches cut into the Super 8 film cartridge exterior allow the camera to recognize the film speed automatically. Not all cameras can read all the notches correctly, however, and there is some debate about which notches actually deliver the best results. Canon keeps an exhaustive list of their Super 8 cameras with detailed specifications on what film speeds can be used with their cameras. Usually, testing one cartridge of film can help handle any uncertainty a filmmaker may have about how well their Super 8 camera reads different film stocks. Color stocks were originally available only in tungsten (3400K), and almost all Super 8 cameras come with a switchable daylight filter built in, allowing for both indoor and outdoor shooting.

The original Super 8 film release was a silent system only, but in 1973 a sound on film version was released. The film with sound had a magnetic soundtrack and came in larger cartridges than the original cartridge in order to accommodate the sound recording head in the film path. Sound film requires a longer film path (for smoothing the film movement before it reaches the recording head), and a second aperture for the recording head. Sound cameras are compatible with silent cartridges, but not vice versa. Sound film is typically filmed at a speed of 18 or 24 frames per second. Kodak discontinued the production of Super 8 sound film in 1997 citing environmental regulations as the reason. The adhesive used to bond the magnetic track to the film is environmentally hazardous.

In 2005 Kodak announced the discontinuation of their most popular stock Kodachrome due to the decline of facilities equipped with K-14 process. Kodachrome was "replaced" by a new ISO 64 Ektachrome, which uses the simpler E-6 process. The last roll of Kodachrome was processed on January 18, 2011, (although announced last date of processing was December 30, 2010) in Parsons, Kansas, by the sole remaining lab capable of processing it. In December 2012, Kodak discontinued color reversal stock in all formats including 35mm and Super 8. However, in Spring of 2019, Kodak introduced Ektachrome 100D in super 8 and 16mm formats, citing surges in demand.
Today there is still a variety of Super 8 film stocks. Kodak sells one Super 8 color reversal stock, Ektachrome 100D, and three Super 8 color negative stocks cut from their Vision 3 film series, ISO 50, ISO 200 and ISO 500 which can be used in very low light. Kodak reformulated the emulsions for the B&W reversal stocks and made Tri-X (ISO 200) in order to give it more sharpness. Film cut to Super 8 from other manufactured raw stock such as Fuji, Orwo, Adox, Agfa and Foma are also available. Pro8mm offers 7 color negative stocks made from Kodak and Fuji film. Color Reversal film for Super 8 is still available from several Super 8 specialty companies. Wittner Kinotechnik offers Super 8 made from a batch of Agfa Aviphot 200D which is perforated and slit for Super 8, 8mm and 16mm formats. This film is loaded into Super 8 and Single cartridges by several of the specialty companies. Other stocks, such as the new Fuji reversal film, and existing supplies of Kodak 35mm 100D are often made available in Super 8 by these specialty companies.

The growing popularity and availability of non-linear editing systems has allowed film-makers and any user of film to shoot Super 8 film but edit in digital. This avoids much of the tedium of handling film and the damage to the film which can occur when editing the actual film. Super 8 films may be transferred (scanned) to digital through a variety of processes, and then imported into computer-based editing and correction systems for post production. Today's systems can even scan super 8 to 4K digital in a variety of formats. Here is a sample of Super 8 Data Scanned to 4K.

Fujifilm Single-8 system

Fujifilm of Japan developed an alternative format called Single-8, which was released in 1965 as a different option to the Kodak Super 8 format.

Single-8 cartridges, without a press plate, are of a different design from a Super 8 cartridge, resembling a cassette-style design (supply and take-up reels side by side) as opposed to Super 8's coaxial cartridge design (one reel on top of the other). Therefore, Single-8 film cartridges can only be used in Single-8 cameras. However, the film loaded in a Single-8 cartridge has exactly the same dimensions as Super 8 (though it is made of a thinner and stronger polyester base, rather than the acetate base of Super 8 film), and can be viewed in any Super 8 projector after processing. However, Fuji recommended that only tape splices be used when combining Single-8 footage with Super-8, as cement would cause damage to the Single-8 footage. Also, when jammed, Single-8 footage has a tendency to stretch in the projector, unlike the acetate-based Super-8 film, which simply breaks.

Although never as popular as Super 8, the format existed in parallel. On June 2, 2009, Fuji announced the end of Single-8 motion picture film. Tungsten balanced 200 ASA Fuji RT200N ceased to be manufactured by May 2010. Daylight balanced 25 ASA Fujichrome R25N remained available until March 2012. Fuji's in-house processing service was available until September 2013.

Polaroid Polavision

An instant 8mm film released in 1977 by Polaroid, Polavision uses the same perforations as Super 8mm film. It can be projected through a Super 8mm projector if the film is transferred from the original cartridge to an 8mm reel. However, because of the additive process, the picture will be much darker.

Double Super 8
Double Super 8 film (commonly abbreviated as DS8) is a 16 mm wide film but has Super 8 size sprockets. It is used in the same way as standard 8 mm film in that the film is run through the camera twice, exposing one side on each pass. During processing, the film is split down the middle and the two pieces spliced together to produce a single strip for projection in a Super 8 projector. Because it has sprockets on both sides of the film, the pin-registration is superior to Super 8 film and so picture stability is better.

Widescreen Super8 and Max8
As Super 8 progressed to be used in HD and theatrical applications, a need arose for widescreen compatibility without having to use expensive optical adapters or excessive cropping. Since magnetic sound-striped film was no longer available, that area of the film could be used to expand the picture aspect ratio in a process similar to the creation of Super 16 from standard 16mm film. The creators of Sleep Always experimented with widening the camera gate to expose into the sound track region to achieve this.

In March 2005, Pro8mm introduced its own version of the widened gate, achieving aspect ratio of 1.58 and calling it Max8. Because top and bottom of the frame are meant to be cropped to achieve final 16:9 aspect ratio, the viewfinder is modified to show 16:9 frame markings. Pro8mm claims that shooting with Max8 and then cropping it to achieve 16:9 provides 20% increase in the size of the negative compared to regular Super8 cropped to 16:9.

In 2015, Logmar of Denmark made a one-off batch of 50 "digicanical" pro-level Super 8 cameras to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Super 8. These cameras use a widened gate as well, providing an 11% increase in imaging area over the standard Super8 frame and achieving aspect ratio of 1.5.

In 2016, Eastman Kodak showed a concept for a new Super 8 camera, its first such camera in over 30 years. Although Kodak has neither confirmed nor denied it, Logmar is said to have assisted in the design of the transport and the camera's firmware. A working prototype was displayed at the 2017 Consumer Electronics Show, with Kodak hoping to begin production in spring 2017.

Equipment and film

Equipment
Although Kodak launched Super 8 and had its own cameras, hundreds of other companies produced Super 8 camera, projection, editing, and sound equipment. Some of the more notable companies that made Super 8 equipment include: Canon, Bauer, Nizo, Super8 Sound (Pro8mm), Beaulieu, Leicina, Logmar, Ciro, Bolex, Goko, Hahnel, Wurker, Minolta, Minnette, Nikon. Most of these companies had long histories in the production of motion picture equipment, dating back to the 1930s with 8mm. In 1980, the consumer market for Super 8 collapsed. Most of the independent companies were forced into bankruptcy or merged, as the demand for Super 8 evaporated overnight. Some companies remained in business until 1985 when many gave up completely on movie film equipment. A few later re-emerged including Beaulieu, who, in 1985, introduced a new 7008 camera and Super 8 Sound that introduced a new version of its full-coat recorder, the Mag IV. The companies in which Super 8 was only a division simply closed. Kodak continued support for Super 8. A few products re-emerged with new features such as crystal sync and Max8. Several Canon models have also started to reappear as restoration efforts like the RhondaCam. Recently, new companies have started producing new Super 8 cameras. In 2015, Logmar introduced a limited edition completely new Super 8 Camera, and in 2016, Kodak showed a concept of a new Super 8 camera at the 2016 CES expo. There are literally millions of Super 8 cameras that are still available and viable because of manufacturing methods back in the 1960s and 1970s. These cameras can be found at specialized retailers and distributors and at auction sites such as eBay.

Film stock
Kodak currently offers one color reversal stock, Ektachrome 100D, three of its latest Vision 3 color negative stock, the 50 D, 200T, and 500T, and  Tri-X B&W reversal film in the Super 8 format. Several Super 8 specialty companies such as: Pro8mm in Burbank CA, Wittner Cinetec in Hamburg, Germany, and Kahlfilm in Brühl, Germany, slit and perforate raw 35 mm film stock from Kodak, Fuji, ORWO, Agfa, and Foma and then repackage it in Kodak Super 8 cartridges. Adox has its own B&W film supply and provides this in its own Super 8 cartridge design by GKfilmCinevia. Retro 8 of Japan provides a similar service for Super 8 film in the Fuji Cartridge (Single8). There are now more varieties of Super 8 film available than ever before.

In 2017, Kodak announced that Ektachrome will soon be available again in the Super 8 format. In Spring of 2019, Kodak officially released Ektachrome 100D in Super 8 and 16mm formats.

Super 8 film is available worldwide through specialty shops and online from major companies such as Amazon. It has become common to see it sold with processing prepaid and for it to be sold with scan to digital services at a variety of different levels from Standard Definition Digital to 4K Data. It can even be purchased to include all the logistic associated with the process including film processing, scanning and internet delivery of image and mail in and back services. This is a sample video done with the Super 8 film kit.

Sound

In the beginning of 1965, Super 8 was introduced as a silent format. Over time, several companies began to offer sync sound options for Super 8 filmmaking. Two companies introduced comprehensive sound systems for Super 8. These were Super8 Sound Inc. led by Harvard film professor Bob Doyle and Optasound led by Richard Leacock at MIT. With double system, as it was called, sound and picture are recorded separately. This was fine for more professional applications and for education about film production, but for consumers it was simply too complex and expensive.

In 1973 Kodak introduced Ektasound—magnetic recording on the actual Super 8 film. The sound track was added on the edge of the film opposite to the perforations. Standard 8mm had the stripe between the perforations and the edge of the film which made good contact with a magnetic head problematic. A balance stripe was added on the opposite edge to facilitate spooling of the film. The Ektasound cartridge was deeper than the silent cartridge to allow access of the camera's recording head. Thus, silent cameras could not accept Ektasound cartridges, but Ektasound cameras and projectors accepted silent cartridges. Projectors, that could record and play sound, appeared before sound cameras. The sound was recorded 18 frames in advance of the picture (as opposed to 56 frames for standard 8mm). This short distance of just 3 inches facilitated the relatively compact size of the later sound cartridges. Some projectors used the balance stripe to provide a second channel for stereo sound.

Super 8mm was also specified with an optical sound track. This occupied the same location as the magnetic track. Picture to sound separation in this format was 22 frames. Projectors and cameras obviously could not record sound in this system, but optical sound package movies became briefly popular, particularly in Europe (mainly because they were cheaper to produce - though the projectors cost more). Although the optical sound should have been inferior in quality to magnetic sound (running at 3.6 inches per second for 24 frames per second), in practice it was often much better, largely because packaged movie magnetic sound was often poorly recorded.

Packaged movies

Although the 8 mm format was originally intended for creating amateur films, condensed versions of popular cinema releases were available up until the mid-1980s, for projection at home. These were generally edited to fit onto a  or  reel. Many Charlie Chaplin films, and other silent movies were available from companies specializing in re-releasing such films on
Super8 such as Blackhawk Films and Castle Films. The Walt Disney Studio released excerpts from many of their animated feature films, as well as some shorts, in both Standard and Super 8, some even with magnetic sound.

In-flight movies
Starting in 1971 in-flight movies (previously 16 mm) were shown in Super 8 format until video distribution became the norm. The films were printed with an optical sound track (amateur films use magnetic sound), and spooled into proprietary cassettes that often held an entire two-hour movie.

Popularity

Super 8 was most widely used for filming home movies. Some lower-budget television stations used Super 8 to film news stories. Today amateur usage of Super 8 has been replaced by digital, but the format is still regularly used by artists and students. Some seek to imitate the look of old home movies, or create a stylishly grainy look. Others want to create alternative looks for flashback sequences and altered states of consciousness. Some just like the idea of creating images in the classic style of using actual film. Super 8 is a relatively inexpensive film, making it popular among filmmakers working on a low budget who still want to achieve the classic look of real film.

Super 8 has become quite common in theatrical features. Oliver Stone, for example, has used it in films such as JFK, where his director of photography Robert Richardson employed it to evoke a period or to give a different look to scenes. The PBS series Globe Trekker uses approximately five minutes of Super 8 footage per episode. In the UK, broadcasters such as the BBC still occasionally make use of Super 8 in both drama and documentary contexts, usually for creative effect. A recent example of particular note is the 2005 BBC2 documentary series Define Normal, which was shot largely on Super 8, with only interviews and special timelapse photography utilising more conventional digital formats.

Thanks to over a dozen film stocks, the ease of function and finding a camera, and the ability to do high quality digital scanning to standard motion picture digital formats like 2K and 4K, DPX or ProRes 4444, Super 8 remains a popular format for creating a variety of interesting scenes. Super 8 provides an ideal, inexpensive medium for traditional stop-motion and cel animation and other types of filming speed effects not common to video cameras.

Film festivals
To give further support to filmmakers dedicated to shooting on Super 8 mm film, many film festivals and screenings—such as the Flicker Film Festival, and Super Gr8 Film Festival—exist to give filmmakers a place to screen their Super 8 mm films. Many of these screenings shun video and are only open to films shot on film. Some require film to be turned in undeveloped and thus not permitting any editing, providing an additional challenge to the filmmaker. These include the Bentley Film Festival and straight 8, which runs screenings at the Cannes Film Festival and many other festivals and events worldwide, where a sound track is required to be supplied with a completed but unprocessed cartridge. In the 2005 Cannes Film Festival, a Super 8 short film (The Man Who Met Himself) by British filmmaker Ben Crowe, shot on the now discontinued Kodachrome 40 format, was the first Super 8 film to be nominated for the Short Film Palme D'Or in the Official Selection.

In the UK, the Cambridge International Super 8 Film Festival, with the support of the film industry, runs a competition program of more than 60 films every year. The festival also features work of Super 8 filmmakers, industry talks, and a workshop.

The United States Super 8 Film + Digital Video Festival receives close to 100 Super 8 entries every year.

In Brazil Curta8 | Festival Internacional de Cinema Super8 is in its 11th year.

A number of experimental filmmakers, such as Mason Shefa and Stan Brakhage, continue to work extensively in the format and festivals such as the Images Festival (Toronto), the Media City Film Festival (Windsor, Ont.), and TIE (based in Colorado) regularly project Super 8 films as part of their programming.

In June 2010, the Super8 Shots film festival was launched in Galway, Ireland, the first Super 8 festival to occur in Ireland, and included classes on basics and uses of film through to processing your own film.

Chicago 8: A Small Gauge Film Festival started in 2011, and will feature yearly programming of small gauge film from around the world.

Educational use

Super 8 can still be found at a few select higher educational institutions offering film production courses including the program at Chaffey College in Southern California. It is more common to find Super 8 film in Art programs. These programs use the analogue experience of film for its own creative potential rather than use Super 8 to teach traditional modern production methods. Art programs on many levels, such as this program put on in Santa Clarita California at ArtTree for students aged 10 to 15, teach the basic nature of film. Other programs such as "Do A Shot" sponsored by Pro8mm and Kodak give individuals a chance to experience film by lending film and cameras to a select group at film festivals and trade events like this film festival at The Art Center College of Art & Design.

Several post-secondary institutions in the United States continue to utilize Super 8 in Film and Cinema programs. For example, both City College of San Francisco's Cinema Department and the University of North Texas' Radio, Television and Film Department require the use of Super 8.

This experience provides students with the basics of film production and editing. Importantly, it also emphasizes the need for detailed pre-production planning, especially for in-camera edits. Further, the use of Super 8 leads students into the Regular 16 and Super 16 films shot in higher-level courses.

In popular culture

The plot of the 2011 film Super 8 involves a group of teenagers in the fictional Ohio town of Lillian filming their own Super 8 movie depicting their experience with a landlocked alien in the summer of 1979. One of the cameras featured in the film is a Kodak Ektasound 130 movie camera produced and sold by Kodak in the early 1970s.

The 2012 film Sinister contains Super 8 shots used to depict the various gruesome murders.

See also
 List of film formats
 List of silent films released on 8 mm or Super 8 mm film
 Super 8 film camera
 Wedding videography

References

Category:Motion picture film formats
Category:Kodak
Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1965


Ibirapuitã Biological Reserve

Ibirapuitã Biological Reserve () is a state-operated biological reserve in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

History

The reserve was created by decree Nº 31.788 of 27 June 1982.
It has an area of  and lies in the municipality of Alegrete in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
The reserve lies in the pampas biome.

Status

As of 2009 the State Biological Reserve was a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia.
The reserve is in the west of the state on the banks of the lbirapuitã River.
It is the only area of full protection to preserve the native grasslands and riparian forest that are home to the black howler (Alouatta caraya).
The area is mostly covered by grass species, with a few espinilho (Vachellia caven) and aroeira-pretas (Myracrodruon urundeuva).
Riparian vegetation includes angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera colubrina ), camboim (Myrciaria delicatula), embira (Daphnopsis) and espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia).
A new rodent species has been found in the reserve, a tuco-tuco that forms underground galleries.

References

Sources

Category:1982 establishments in Brazil
Category:Biological reserves of Brazil
Category:Protected areas of Rio Grande do Sul
Category:Protected areas established in 1982


List of allied military operations of the Vietnam War (1972)

__NOTOC__

This article is a list of known military operations of the Vietnam War in 1972, conducted by the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam, the Khmer Republic, the United States and their allies.

See also
 List of allied military operations of the Vietnam War (1973–1974)

References

External links
 HELICOPTER Operations in VIETNAM
 Special Operations in Vietnam
 Information About Records Relating to the Vietnam War Operations Analysis (OPSANAL) System
 Naval Operations in Vietnam

1972
Category:Military operations involving the United States
Category:Military operations involving Vietnam
Operations 1972

Category:1972 in Cambodia
Category:1972 in Vietnam


Peyre de Rius

Peyre de Rius (fl.1344–86) was an Occitan troubadour from Foix. He wrote under the patronage of Gaston Phoebus, Count of Foix, and Peter the Ceremonious, King of Aragon. He is one of the few troubadours known by name who lived for a time at Peter's court in Barcelona. His name in standardised Occitan is Peire or Pèire, in Catalan it is Pere, and in modern French Pierre.

An obscure reference to a Pere Riu among some jongleurs from Puigcerdà near Foix in October 1344 may be to Peyre, but it is impossible to tell. The Pedro who was a jongleur of the count of Foix, mentioned in an Aragonese register of June 1357, may be Peyre de Rius. So may be Pere Ruiç (perhaps an error for Riuç), minstrel of the count of Foix, of July 1368. Peyre appears frequently in the court registers of Aragon for the years between 1361 and 1381, often changing his precise occupation and his patron. His first recorded appearance at the Aragonese court was 16 September 1361, when he was paid as a minstrel in the service of Gaston Phoebus. The first reference to him as a troubadour is in a document of 19 January 1372, when the court was at Alcañiz; he was again in the service of the count of Foix. In February 1373 he and Jacme Fluvia, both titled trobador de danses (or dançes, "composers of dansas"), received gifts from the queen, Eleanor of Sicily. By 11 May 1373 he was again in the household of the king himself, and as a minstrel. On 25 June 1380 he was in the service of Foix and a troubadour. In his last appearance in documents, he is recorded as receiving gifts from the new queen, Sibil·la de Fortià, for service as a trobador de cançons de casa del comte de Foix (troubadour of cansos of the House of Foix).

Of Peyre's work only one canso survives, in the Cançoner Vega-Aguiló compiled in the 1420s. Martín de Riquer, who gave the piece its first modern edition, could not identify Peyre's dialect nor his place of origin on the basis of his language. The poem is dedicated to Gaston Phoebus and is an extended gloss on the three things which delight the count, according to the prologue of Gaston's Livre de la chass: "tout mon temps me suis délité par espécial en trois chose: l'une est en armes, l'autre est en amours, et l'autre si est en chasse." Peyre opens the work thus:

The count is named explicitly later (Febus, le coms). If the song is to be dated to the time when Peyre was consistently in or around Foix it would seem to pertain to the period 1344–57 or as late as 1373.

De Riquer has suggested that Peyre may be the Pere de Rius who was a fidèle boutiller de notre chère fille l'infante Jeanne (faithful butler of our dear daughter the infanta Joanna) under John I of Aragon, called The Hunter. This Joanna (Juana de Daroca), the eldest daughter of John I, married Mathieu de Castelbon (on 24 March 1392), who had succeeded his uncle Gaston as count of Foix in 1391.

Notes

Category:Troubadours
Category:French male poets
Category:Male composers


Images – The Best of Jean Michel Jarre

Images – The Best of Jean Michel Jarre is a compilation album by Jean-Michel Jarre originally released in 1991.

Unlike previous Jean Michel Jarre compilation albums, this album isn't just a collection of separate tracks. Instead, most of the tracks appear in edited form and segued together.

Apart from Jarre's best-known tracks, the album also contains two previously unreleased tracks composed for the canceled Teotihuacan solar eclipse concert scheduled for 11 July 1991, one rare track ("Moon Machine") and three new versions of older work.

At the time of release two versions were issued with different track listings. In 1997 a new version was released with both track listings combined and a few extra tracks added.

The compilation was also released in VHS format in 1991. The VHS contains all Jarre's videos from 1976 to 1991, except Equinoxe 5

Track listing

1991 International Release
"Oxygene 4" – 3:09
"Equinoxe 5" – 3:21
"Magnetic Fields 2" – 3:57 (new version)
"Oxygene 2" – 3:11
"Computer Weekend" – 3:36
"Equinoxe 4" – 3:12 (new version)
"Ethnicolor 1" – 3:41
"London Kid" – 3:45
"Band in the Rain" – 1:26
"Orient Express" – 3:26 (new version)
"Calypso 1" –  2:59
"Calypso 3 (Fin de Siècle)" – 3:42
"Rendez-Vous 4" –  3:24
"Moon Machine" – 2:58 (rare)
"Eldorado" – 3:39 (previously unreleased)
"Globe Trotter" – 3:29 (previously unreleased)
"Rendez-Vous 2" – 8:48 (new version)

1991 French Release
"Oxygène 4" – 3:09
"Équinoxe 5" – 3:21
"Chants Magnétiques 2" – 3:57 (new version)
"Oxygène 2" – 3:11
"Computer Weekend" – 3:36
"Équinoxe 4" – 3:12 (new version)
"Ethnicolor 1" – 3:41
"Zoolookologie" – 3:45 (1988 Edition)
"L'Orchestre Sous La Pluie" – 1:26
"Orient Express" – 3:26 (new version)
"Calypso 1" – 2:59
"Calypso 3 (Fin de Siècle)" – 3:42
"Rendez-Vous 4" – 3:24
"Moon Machine" – 2:58 (rare)
"Eldorado" – 3:39 (previously unreleased)
"Globe Trotter" – 3:29 (previously unreleased)
"Rendez-Vous 2" – 8:48 (new version)

1997 International Remastered Release
"Oxygene 4" – 3:09
"Equinoxe 5" – 3:21
"Magnetic Fields 2" – 3:57 (new version)
"Oxygene 2" – 3:11
"Computer Weekend" – 3:36
"Equinoxe 4" – 3:12 (new version)
"Ethnicolor 1" – 3:41
"Band in the Rain" – 1:26
"Orient Express" – 3:26 (new version)
"Calypso 1" – 2:59
"Calypso 3 (Fin de Siècle)" – 3:42
"Rendez-Vous 4" – 3:24
"Moon Machine" – 2:58 (rare)
"Eldorado" - 3:39 (previously unreleased)
"Globe Trotter" – 3:29 (previously unreleased)
"Wooloomooloo" – 3:18
"Blah-Blah Cafe" – 3:21 (slightly different version)
"London Kid" – 3:47
"Zoolookologie" – 3:46 (1988 Edition)
"Rendez-Vous 2" – 8:48 (new version)

VHS release

Certifications and sales

!scope="row"|Worldwide
|
|1,500,000
|-

References

External links
 Official Jean Michel Jarre website
 Jarre UK website

Category:1991 greatest hits albums
Category:Jean-Michel Jarre albums


Agafonovskaya

Agafonovskaya () is a rural locality (a village) in Oshevenskoye Rural Settlement of Kargopolsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2010.

References

Category:Rural localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast


Tylissus

Tylissus or Tylissos (), or Tylisus or Tylisos (Τύλισος), was a town of ancient Crete. On its ancient coins are found on the reverse a young man holding in his right hand the head of an ibex or wild goat, and in his left a bow.

Its site is located near modern Tylissos.

References

Category:Populated places in ancient Crete
Category:Former populated places in Greece


Hold Me (Anouk & Douwe Bob song)

"Hold Me" is a song by Dutch singer-songwriter's Anouk and Douwe Bob. The song was released in the Netherlands on 16 January 2015 as a digital download. The song was released as the lead single from Douwe Bob's second studio album Pass It On (2015). The song peaked to number 2 on the Dutch Singles Chart.

Track listing

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Release history

References

Category:2015 singles
Category:2014 songs
Category:Douwe Bob songs
Category:Songs written by Anouk (singer)
Category:Universal Music Group singles


Eastern Bank

Eastern Bank is the oldest and largest mutual bank in the United States and the largest community bank in Massachusetts. With 95 branches, Eastern had a 3.2% market share in Massachusetts in 2016. It was founded in 1818 in Salem, and then moved to Lynn, Massachusetts. The company began an aggressive expansion campaign near the end of the 1990s and moved its headquarters to Boston's Financial District.

History
Eastern Bank was established on April 15, 1818 as Salem Savings Bank and became insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation on October 1, 1983. On October 19, 1989, Eastern Savings Bank's parent company Lynn, Massachusetts-based Eastern Bank Corporation, renamed it Eastern Bank, and reorganized it into a mutual holding company, making it the first of its kind in Massachusetts.

In the years following its reorganization, it made several acquisitions of local banks. They included Shore Bank And Trust Company (Lynn, April 1992), Malden Trust Company (Malden, May 1992), First Colonial Bank For Savings (Lynn, October 1993), and Saugus Bank And Trust Company (Saugus, November 1994).

In 1997, Eastern began an aggressive expansion program with the aim of doubling its size within five years. The first acquisition of the program was initiated in early 1998 when Eastern bought the ten-branch Quincy-based Hibernia Savings Bank and its parent holding company Emerald Isle Bancorp, Inc for $80 million and converted all branches to Eastern Banks. Eastern, with the bulk of its branches north of Boston, gained exposure to the market south of Boston through the acquisition.

In November 2002, Eastern Bank merged its operations with its subsidiary, Salem-based Eastern Bank & Trust Company. The following year in March 2003, company headquarters were moved from Lynn to Boston's Financial District, positioning it alongside the regional headquarters of other large banks including FleetBoston Financial and Citizens Bank.

Continually expanding its footprint in the region, Eastern purchased Wareham's Plymouth Savings Bank in May 2005 and Sharon Co-operative Bank in May 2007. Eastern Bank announced in March 2008 its intention to buy Reading-based MassBank Corp. for $170 million. Eastern's third acquisition in four years, it doubled its deposits in Middlesex County to more than $1.4 billion, garnering a 4% market share in the county. In late June 2010, it was announced that Eastern Bank was the winning bidder to acquire independent Massachusetts bank Wainwright and its 12 branches located in Boston and the surrounding communities. The bank, "known for its social activism and lending to nonprofit organizations", was purchased for $163 million or $19 a share; almost double its $9.62 closing stock price prior to the announcement. The merger was completed in November 2010, and the 12 branches were converted to Eastern Bank branches in March 2011, and over 100 new employees joined Eastern Bank.

In July 2012, Eastern announced a merger with The Community Bank, a $300 million cooperative mutual bank headquartered in Brockton, with five branches in southeastern Massachusetts. The mutual merger of the two banks, including the conversion to Eastern, was concluded on November 30, 2012, and marked the fifth mutual-mutual merger for Eastern.

In March 2014, Eastern signed a definitive agreement to acquire Bedford, N.H.-based Centrix Bank & Trust. The acquisition was completed on Friday, Oct. 24, 2015, and the two banks were merged over the weekend.  The merger added six new branch locations in southern and coastal New Hampshire, marking the first retail locations for Eastern in the Granite State.

References

External links
Official website

Category:Banks based in Massachusetts
Category:Banks established in 1818
Category:Companies based in Boston
Category:Mutual savings banks in the United States
Category:1818 establishments in Massachusetts


Hurry up and wait

"Hurry up and wait" is a humorous phrase used to refer to the situation in which one is forced to hurry in order to complete a certain task, or arrive at a certain destination, by a specified time; only for nothing to happen at that time, often because other required tasks are still awaiting completion. The phrase may have originated in the United States military in the 1940s.  Many U.S. military veterans, in particular, consider this phrase to be synonymous with military culture.

See also
Project management
Film industry
Audio engineering
Parkinson's law — in other contexts, work expands to fill the time available

References

Category:Military slang and jargon
Category:English phrases
Category:Words and phrases introduced in the 1940s


Washington's 44th legislative district

Washington's 44th Legislative District is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature.

The district's legislators are state senator Steve Hobbs (D) and state representatives John Lovick (D-pos. 1) and Jared Mead(D-pos. 2).

See also
Washington State Redistricting Commission
Washington State Legislature
Washington State Senate
Washington House of Representatives
Washington state legislative districts

References

External links
Washington State Redistricting Commission
Washington House of Representatives
Map of Legislative Districts

40


Savages (TV series)

Savages () is a French drama television series, slated to premiere on Canal+ in September 2019. A political drama, the series stars Roschdy Zem as Idder Chaouch, a politician who is on the verge of becoming the first Maghrebi person to win election as President of France, but whose campaign may be undone by family and racial politics after an assassination attempt is made on his life.

The series was created by Rebecca Zlotowski and Sabri Louatah, based on a series of novels by Louatah.

The cast also includes Marina Foïs, Amira Casar, Souheila Yacoub, Dali Benssalah, Sofiane Zermani, Carima Amarouche, Farida Rahouadj, Lyna Khoudri, Shaïn Boumedine, Ilies Kadri, Emmanuel Salinger, and Gérard Watkins.

The series is slated to have its television premiere on September 23, 2019. In advance of its television premiere, two episodes of the series received a preview screening in the Primetime program at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival.

References

External links

Category:2010s French television series
Category:2019 French television series debuts
Category:French political drama television series
Category:Canal+ original programming


Rakusui-en

is a garden in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It was originally built in 1906 for Shimozawa Zenemon Chikamasa, a Hakata merchant. In 1995, Fukuoka City overhauled the structure and reopened it as a Japanese garden where visitors can experience a tea ceremony; with four tea rooms (two of which are available for use by general visitors) it is often used for tea ceremonies and related training.

See also
Yūsentei Park

External links

 Yokanavi.com

Category:Geography of Fukuoka
Category:Gardens in Fukuoka Prefecture
Category:Gardens in Japan
Category:Tourist attractions in Fukuoka


Boris Lovrić

Boris Lovrić (born 23 June 1975) is a Croatian bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

References

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Croatian male bobsledders
Category:Olympic bobsledders of Croatia
Category:Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Split, Croatia


The Celestics

The Celestics are a Canadian hip hop duo from Montreal. Formed in 2011, the duo is composed of rapper Lou Phelps and producer/DJ Kaytranada. Their debut studio project, titled Massively Massive, was independently released in 2011. The Celestics released their second project, titled Supreme Laziness, on May 20, 2014.

Career

2011–2014: Early beginnings
The Celestics began as Louie P. & Kaytradamus. They independently released their first project titled Massively Massive via BandCamp in 2011.

2014-present: Supreme Laziness & 001: Experiments
On May 20, 2014 the duo released their second project titled Supreme Laziness. The project featured guest appearances from GoldLink, Dudley Doo, Nana Zen, Costa Joe & ST

On April 20, 2017, Lou Phelps released his debut solo project titled 001: Experiments – the project was produced entirely by Kaytranada. The project featured guest appearances by Bishop Nehru, Innanet James and Kallitechnis.

Personal life
Lou Phelps is the younger brother of Kaytranada.

Discography
 Massively Massive (2011)
 Supreme Laziness (2014)

References

Category:Black Canadian musical groups
Category:Canadian hip hop groups
Category:Musical groups from Montreal


Ola M. Hestenes

Ola M. Hestenes (3 August 1919 – 21 April 2008) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

On the local level, he served as mayor of Gloppen municipality from 1968 to 1976. Following the 1975 elections, the first time county mayors were up for election, Hestenes became the new county mayor (fylkesordfører) of Sogn og Fjordane. 11 years later he lost the post following the 1987 elections.

References
NRK County Encyclopedia of Sogn og Fjordane

Category:1919 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:Centre Party (Norway) politicians
Category:Mayors of places in Sogn og Fjordane
Category:Chairmen of County Councils of Norway
Category:People from Gloppen


Canarium vitiense

Canarium vitiense is a rainforest tree species, of the plant family Burseraceae, growing naturally in Fiji, the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Tonga, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Admiralty Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Torres Strait Islands and in lowland north-eastern Queensland, Australia.

In New Guinea, they are recorded as growing widely in rainforests up about  altitude.

In the Torres Strait Islands (Australia), likewise they are recorded as growing up about  altitude.

In the Australian mainland north-eastern Queensland regions of the Wet Tropics, Cape York Peninsula and just to their east the continent’s offshore islands, they are recorded as growing naturally widespread, from about Ingham–Hinchinbrook Island northwards, in remaining well developed lowland tropical rainforests, below ca.  altitude.

Full grown trees may reach up to  tall.

Formal description of some trees found in Fiji, using this species name, was published in 1854 by botanist Asa Gray, effectively describing this species of all of these trees across the western Pacific region.

References

External links

vitiense
Category:Flora of the Southwestern Pacific
Category:Trees of Papuasia
Category:Flora of Queensland
Category:Flora of New Guinea
Category:Sapindales of Australia


Varvara Barysheva

Varvara Borisovna Barysheva (born 24 March 1977) is a Russian speed skater who won a bronze medal in the women's team pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics.

References

External links

Category:1977 births
Category:Russian female speed skaters
Category:Speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Category:Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Category:Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Category:Olympic speed skaters of Russia
Category:Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Category:Olympic medalists in speed skating
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Category:Living people


The Geek

The Geek is a pornographic film released in 1971.

Plot

As shots of a forest are shown, a title card states that for the last two centuries there have been tales of a being that is half man, half beast prowling the Northwest. Some call it the Sasquatch, and others refer to it as "The Geek". As the narrator describes the Geek and similar beings that have been sighted throughout the world, three hippie couples drive up in their van and head off with camping gear, not realizing that they are being watched from a far hill by a humanoid figure.

The sextet traverses the wilderness for thirty miles, eventually stopping to set up camp, as the narrators informs the viewer that the couples are in search of indisputable evidence of the existence of the Geek. While the others work, newlyweds John and Valerie go off alone to have sex, later returning to the campsite, where it is agreed that the group will go further east, into uncharted territory. In their tent, two of the campers have sex, and afterward the man admits that he was a virgin, his only prior sexual experience being when his sister allowed him to fondle her breasts.

The next day, the group discovers a large footprint, and stake out a nearby ridge. The Geek appears, and rapes one of the women when she approaches it. The beast then goes after Valerie, and rapes her as well. The men attack the Geek, but it fights them off, and escapes. As the wounded campers limp away, one of them vows "Some day I'm going to get that filthy animal!"

Cast

 Lynn Holmes as Camper in White Shorts
 Nora Wieternik as Camper in Black Shorts

Reception

The Bloody Pit of Horror gave The Geek zero stars, and labeled it "abysmal". The Geek was called "a boring, barely-even-an-hour mess of ugly STD '70s fucking and bad monster costumes" by The Liberal Dead.

In a review of fellow horror-porn hybrid Slaughter Disc, Digital Retribution referred to The Geek as "my favorite of this type of film".

See also
 List of American films of 1971

References

External links

Category:1971 films
Category:Hippie films
Category:Bigfoot films
Category:American films
Category:1970s monster movies
Category:Films about rape
Category:1971 horror films
Category:Films shot in Oregon
Category:Zoophilia in culture
Category:American monster movies
Category:Films shot in Alberta
Category:English-language films
Category:1970s pornographic films
Category:Pornographic horror films
Category:American pornographic films
Category:Films shot in Washington (state)


One Outs

is a Japanese baseball manga series written and illustrated by Shinobu Kaitani. It was originally serialized in the seinen manga magazine Business Jump from 1998 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2009. An anime adaptation produced by Madhouse and covering up to the middle of volume 10 of the manga aired from October 2008 to March 2009.

Plot
The Saitama Lycaons are the weakest team in the Japanese league. Hiromichi Kojima, the Lycaons' star batter, forms a training camp in Okinawa to try for his last attempt at a championship after 21 years. When the minor league pitcher training with Kojima becomes injured, him and Kojima's trainer goes to look for a replacement, but run into trouble by participating in the "One Outs" game, where a pitcher and batter duel 1-on-1 with money on the line. The next day, Kojima arrives to avenge his teammates and meets Tōa Tokuchi, who appears to have no special pitching skills, but defeats Kojima easily and causes him to enter seclusion to re-evaluate himself as a professional player. Later, Tokuchi accepts a rematch after Kojima raised the stakes, proclaiming he will retire immediately if he loses, but he will "take" Tokuchi's right arm to make sure he will never gamble on baseball again if Tokuchi loses. This time, Tokuchi experiences his very first loss and offers Kojima his right arm to have it broken. Instead, Kojima tells him he never intended to break it, and asks Tokuchi to join the Lycaons and use his unique pitching ability to take the Lycaons to the championship. Soon, Tokuchi meets Saikawa, the greedy owner of the Lycaons who only cares about the team making a profit. Saikawa is reluctant to give Tokuchi any sort of significant salary due to his inexperience as a professional, but Tokuchi offers an unusual proposal. He proposes the 'One Outs contract', a performance-based pay where he gets 5,000,000 yen for every out he pitches, but loses  for every run he gives up.

Later on in the baseball season, it is revealed that even the "One Outs contract" was done for the benefit of the team as Saikawa had no plans to keep the Lycaons and set up a deal to sell the team to the Tronpos company. Knowing this, Tokuchi formed an alliance with Tronpos and provided financial intel on Saikawa in exchange for financial backing. With this intel, Tronpos is able to make sure they are able to purchase the Lycaons as cheaply as possible by spreading rumors to dissuade other corporations from bidding. Unfortunately for the Lycaons, Tronpos also has no plans on proceeding with the current lineup and will replace all players after purchasing them. The Tronpos chairman made a mistake by believing Tokuchi to be his supporter and told Tokuchi his intended bid, to which Tokuchi responded with a last minute counter-offer.

For triple the bid, Tokuchi becomes the new owner of the Lycaons. Though there is heavy dissent in the team due to his dubious nature, Tokuchi starts to implement a wide variety of changes, most notably the L-Ticket. It is the old admission ticket with a new 1.5× admission fee, but with the promise of a full refund if the Lycaons loses the game. Additionally, the spectators can make up to five votes for the MVP on the ticket, which will directly influence the new player salaries by paying 200 yen per vote. Though the Lycaons are in chaos with the new changes, the team slowly realizes that these changes are what the team needs in order to become strong enough to win the championship.

Characters

Main

A successful gambler and pitcher in the game called "One Outs". After losing a game of One Outs for the first time ever to Kojima, he joins the Lycaons with an odd contract, the One Outs contract, that decides his pay based on his performance.
He uses his perceptive intellect to manipulate professional baseball, and becomes a professional baseball team pitcher. In that role he psychologically manipulates and intimidates the batters he faces along with playing high-stakes psychological and intellectual battles against his own antagonistic team owner, competing team coaches, and underhanded opposing teams.

Kojima is the cleanup batter for the professional baseball team, Saikyou Saitama Lycaons. He is defeated by Toa during his time at the training camp after challenging Toa to avenge his relief pitcher, Nakane. After his defeat, he goes into the forest to train himself mentally against Toa but as he trained he injured his wrist. Even with the injury, he decides to challenges Toa to a rematch with the bet that if he wins, he would take Toa's arm. With the One Outs game ending in a do or die pitch, Kojima resolves that he couldn't lose, getting in the way of the ball and making the pitch count as a deadball. He wins the match because of this, albeit not without contention. Toa admits defeat and Kojima makes Toa join the Lycaons, effectively taking Toa's arm and disabling him from gambling ever again in a One Outs game.

He is the catcher of the Saikyou Saitama Lycaons and is the first to notice Tokuchi's talents as he catches Tokuchi's simple-looking fastball pitches. Apart from Kojima, Ideguchi is the other key member of the Lycaons and stands as the voice of reason in disputes. Due to Ideguchi's trust in Tokuchi, Tokuchi also trusts Ideguchi enough to include him in his plans. Together, they dismantle the opposing team's offense and tricks.

The owner of the Saikyou Saitama Lycaons team. He is more interested in gaining money than getting the Lycaons to win. He forms the One Outs contract with Toa Tokuchi in order to avoid paying a salary to Tokuchi, and to increase the Lycaons sale value by increasing their profitability.

Supporting

The manager of the Saikyou Saitama Lycaons; Obediently obeys every order given to him by the owner until anime episode 15. In episode 15 he is likened to a dog for his unwavering obedience to the owner. Mihara genuinely wishes for the team to succeed and begins to oppose the owner when the Lycaons start to win their games thanks to Tokuchi.

The Fingers' starting pitcher and the Rookie of Year for the year before. He also notices how terrifying Toa is when he pitches, he urges the team to try and take a hit, but the result is still the same and his team loses the match. He is named by Takami of the Mariners to be the strongest pitcher in the league.

Dennis Johnson

A foreigner who was scouted by Coach Shiroka of the Bugaboos during a 100m track and field event. Though he fell behind in the race, he was able to lead up to the 30m mark. Coach Shiroka explained that since the distance between bases was about 27m, Johnson is the baseball world's fastest man. Johnson is also known for his ability to bunt, and sports an intimidating tattoo around his right eye.

The Chiba Mariners
The strongest team in Japan for the last 3 years. This team goes against the Lycaons with 3 consecutive games, with their strongest cleanup crew comprising Takami Itsuki, Thomas and Brooklyn.

One of the cleanup batters in the team "Chiba Mariners", he is known to be a prodigy in baseball and his eyes have the best in motion vision in the baseball world. He is the best hitter in the entire league.

Media

Manga
One Outs is written and illustrated by Shinobu Kaitani. It was serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Business Jump from 1998 to 2006. Shueisha compiled the individual chapters into nineteen tankōbon volumes released from June 18, 1999 to October 19, 2006. A sequel titled  was serialized from 2008 to 2009 and compiled into a tankōbon volume released on February 19, 2009.

Volume list

|}

Anime
An animated adaptation of the manga premiered in Japan on Nippon Television on October 7, 2008, and ran for 25 episodes until its conclusion on March 31, 2009. Produced by Nippon TV, D.N. Dream Partners, VAP and Madhouse, the series is directed by Yūzō Satō, with Hideo Takayashiki handling series composition, Takahiro Umehara designing the characters and Akihiko Matsumoto composing the music. Kunihiko Sakurai, Haruhito Takada and Masaki Hinata served as additional character designers. While the anime is generally faithful to the manga, there are a few differences, such as the Lycaons being changed from visitor to home team. The series' opening song is "Bury" by Pay Money to My Pain and the ending song is "Moment" by TRIBAL CHAIR.

Episode list

References

External links
Official One Outs anime website

Category:1998 manga
Category:2008 anime television series
Category:Anime series
Category:Anime series based on manga
Category:Baseball in anime and manga
Category:Gambling in anime and manga
Category:Madhouse (company)
Category:Nippon Television shows
Category:Seinen manga
Category:Shueisha franchises
Category:Shueisha manga


Metro (novel)

Metropoliteno (trans. Subway, Underground, Metro) is a partly autobiographical novel written in Esperanto by Vladimir Varankin about suppression by the state in Germany and the Soviet Union.  It was published in Amsterdam in 1933 (200 pages), again in Denmark in 1977, and a third edition in Russia in 1992.  There also exist translations in Russian and in English.  It is listed in William Auld's Basic Esperanto reading List.

"The theme is a soviet engineer, who travels to Berlin to study construction methods for subways (underground electrical railways) ... Modern life in the Soviet Union is mirrored beside that of pre-Hitlerite Germany." (F. E. W., The British Esperantist, November 1934.)

Footnotes

External links
 Downloadable copy of the Esperanto text

References

The first version of this article is a translation of the entry on Metropoliteno in the Esperanto Vikipedio.  The first version of that entry was taken from the Encyclopedia of Esperanto.

Category:Esperanto novels
Category:1933 novels
Category:Novels by Vladimir Varankin


David V. Barrett

David V. Barrett is a British sociologist of religion who has widely written on topics pertaining to new religious movements and western esotericism. He is also a regular contributor to The Independent, Fortean Times, and the Catholic Herald.

The backflap of one of his books claims he was an intelligence analyst for the UK Government Communications Headquarters and the United States' government's National Security Agency prior to his career as a writer. He is a regular book critic and his critiques have appeared in Literary Review, New Scientist, and others.

He has been involved in science fiction critique, having edited Vector, the critical journal of the British Science Fiction Association in the late 1980s, and organized and chaired the Arthur C. Clarke Award for three years.

Bibliography
 Encyclopedia of Prediction: Fate, Fortune & Foretelling the Future, (1992);
 Predictions Library - Dreams, (1995);
 Predictions Library - Palmistry (1995)
 Predictions Library - Graphology (1995)
 Predictions Library - Numerology (1995)
The New Believers: Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions''''; (2001) A Brief History of Secret Societies: The Hidden Powers of Clandestine Organizations and Elites from the Ancient World to the Present Day (2007);
 A Brief Guide to Secret Religions: A Complete Guide to Hermetic, Pagan, and Esoteric Beliefs'' (2011)

References

External links
 The New Believers book website

Category:British male journalists
Category:British sociologists
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people


The International University of Kagoshima

is a private university in Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1932, and it was chartered as a junior university in 1950. In 1960, it became a four-year college.

References

External links
 Official website

Category:Educational institutions established in 1932
Category:Private universities and colleges in Japan
Category:Universities and colleges in Kagoshima Prefecture


Wireless (band)

Wireless was a rock band from Canada. The band recorded three albums during their career:
Wireless, Positively Human, Relatively Sane and No Static.

History
Wireless was formed in 1976 by bassist Allan Marshall, guitarist Steve McMurray and drummer Glenn Beatson, who had played together in an Australian band called Autumn.
Glenn Beatson  They released a self-titled album on the Atlantic label which included some original songs.

The band soon signed with WEA Music.

The band's album Positively Human Relatively Sane  did not sell well; the next album, No Static, was produced by Geddy Lee. The albums were later remastered and released by Rock Candy Records.

Members
Mike Crawford - Guitar, vocals
Allan Marshall - Bass, vocals
Steve McMurray - Guitar, vocals
Marty Morin - drums

Former members
Glenn Beatson - Drums
Mike Lalonde - Vocals
Lawrence DelGrande - Keyboard, Vocals

Discography
 Wireless (1976)
 Positively Human, Relatively Sane (1978)
 No Static (1980)

References

External links
Gary Lessard's Wireless Web site
Peacedogman's review of No Static
Autumn - pre-Wireless band

Category:Canadian rock music groups
Category:Anthem Records artists
Category:Musical groups established in 1976
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1980
Category:Musical groups from Toronto
Category:1976 establishments in Ontario
Category:1980 disestablishments in Ontario


Majala

Majala may refer to several places in Estonia:
Majala, Tartu County, village in Elva Parish, Tartu County
Majala, Võru County, village in Võru Parish, Võru County


Platform Beer Company

Platform Beer Company is a business unit of AB-Inbev in the Ohio City neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.

History
Platform Beer began as a collaboration by Paul Brenner, a homebrew supply store owner, and Justin Carson, owner of a draft line servicing company. The Lorain Avenue brewpub, which opened to the public in 2014, occupies a building that previously housed part of the Leisy Brewing Company (est. 1873). Besides its primary aim of producing beer for the Northeast Ohio market, Platform's secondary mission is to educate and facilitate brewing education in the Greater Cleveland area. In addition to its availability on draught in local bars and in cans via retail, Platform's beers are also served in Progressive Field and FirstEnergy Stadium. In 2016, Platform procured a building in Columbus, Ohio, where a second brewpub is now open. In August of 2019 Platform Beer Company was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev.

References

Category:Manufacturing companies based in Cleveland
Category:Beer brewing companies based in Ohio
Category:Culture of Cleveland
Category:Ohio City, Cleveland


Fort Jackson (Wisconsin)

Fort Jackson was a frontier fort located in Mineral Point, Michigan Territory, and constructed during the 1832 Black Hawk War.

History
Fort Jackson was constructed in Mineral Point, Michigan Territory, during the 1832 Black Hawk War. The wooden stockade was constructed using logs from some of the early log cabins located in Mineral Point. Fort Jackson's commanding officer was Captain John F. O'Neal. A historical marker commemorating the site is located at the junction of Commerce and Fountain streets in Mineral Point.

References

Jackson
Jackson
Category:Buildings and structures in Iowa County, Wisconsin
Category:1832 establishments in Michigan Territory


2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Men's junior race

The Men's junior race at the 2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships was held on 28 January 2017 in Bieles, Luxembourg. Contenders had to be male and born in 1999 or 2000. It was won by one of the race favourites Tom Pidcock of Great Britain ahead of two compatriots.

Race report
The weeks before the race temperatures had been below zero causing the soil to be frozen and slight rain the night and morning before the race caused the track to be extremely icy and slippery. This was evident right at the start as several riders took a tumble in the first turn, holding up about half the pack.

The first lap saw Maxime Bonsergent of France take an early lead, chased by a small group involving Jelle Camps, Toon Vandebosch, Ben Turner, Antoine Benoist and pre-race favorite Tom Pidcock. Pidcock was the only one succeeding to bridge the gap to Bonsergent and together they built up a lead while the rest of the pack quickly spread out and most riders were cycling alone. Already at the end of the second lap, Pidcock had broken away and built up a gap of more than 20 seconds over Bonsergent who had been caught by Ben Turner. Timo Kielich was also in the chasing group but fell hard and dropped outside the top 10. This left the group of Antoine Benoist, Loris Rouiller and Dan Tulett racing for fourth place, another 20 seconds behind Turner and Bonsergent.

Pidcock maintained and extended his lead during the race, never coming in real trouble an easily taking the victory. In the battle for the medals, Bonsergent dropped out as he fell several times and eventually after breaking his derailleur gears and losing a shoe he had to run back to the pits and would eventually finish in 20th place. Tulett caught Turner by the end of lap three and they battled it out for the remaining two medals with Tulett taking the silver in the end. Louis Rouiller came close to both British riders on the final lap but finally came eight seconds short of bronze.

Results

References

External links

Men's junior race
Category:UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Men's junior race


Păcală

Păcală (Romanian, from a păcăli, "to dupe"; sometimes rendered Pâcală or Pîcală) is a fictional character in Romanian folklore, literature and humor. An irreverent young man, seemingly a peasant, he reserves contempt and irony for the village authorities (whether priest, boyar or judge), but often plays the fool. Several derivative works codify the various versions of Păcală anecdotes. Examples include: Pâcală, by Ion Creangă; Păcală în satul lui ("Păcală in His Village") by Ioan Slavici; Isprăvile lui Păcală ("Păcală's Achievements") by Petre Dulfu; and Întâmplările lui Păcală ("The Adventures of Păcală"), part of Legende sau basmele românilor.

Păcală legends also served to inspire other creations, from the eponymous satirical magazine put out by Pantazi Ghica in the 1860s to Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor's 1960s sequel Tivisoc şi Tivismoc ("Tivisoc and Tivismoc"). He is the main protagonist in two Romanian films, both written and directed by Geo Saizescu; and inspired artist Sandu Florea to create his first comic strip (1968).

Category:Fictional Romanian people
Category:Romanian humour
Category:Romanian mythology
Category:Literary characters
Category:Mythological tricksters
Category:Romanian folklore
Category:Humor and wit characters


Simharaja

Simharaja (IAST: Siṃharāja, r. c. 944-971 CE ) was an Indian king belonging to the Shakambhari Chahamana dynasty. He ruled the Sapadalaksha country, which included parts of present-day Rajasthan in north-western India. He was the first Chahamana ruler to assume the title Maharajadhiraja.

Early life

Most sources mention Simharaja as the successor of his father Vakpatiraja I. However, the Bijolia inscription places one Vindhyanṛpati (or Vindhyaraja) between Vakpati and Simharaja. Historian H. C. Ray theorized that Vindhyanṛpati was a part of Vakpati's name. But according to Dasharatha Sharma, Vindhyanṛpati was probably an elder brother of Simharaja and had a very short reign.

Military career

Simharaja was the first ruler of the family to assume the title Maharajadhiraja ("great king of kings"). This suggests that he became independent of the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the overlords of his ancestors.

According to the Harsha inscription, Simharaja killed the Tomara chief Salavana (or Lavana), whose soldiers either fled the battlefield or were imprisoned. The prisoners were released only when the common overloard of these two rulers came to Simharaja and secured their release. The overlord, who is called Raghukule Bhuchakravarti ("Emperor from Raghu's family") in the inscription, was probably a weak Gurjara-Pratihara emperor. Although the identity of this emperor is not clear; he might have been Devapala or one of his successors, such as Vijayapala or Rajyapala. Salavana probably belonged to the Tomara dynasty of Delhi; historian R. B. Singh identifies him with Tejapala, who has been mentioned as the contemporary Tomara king in a Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript. He probably belonged to same family as Rudra, who had been killed by Simharaja's grandfather Chandana.

Simharaja is also said to have defeated a Muslim general. The Prabandha Kosha names the defeated general as Heji-ud-Din, and states that the battle took place at Jethan (possibly modern Jethana). The Hammira Mahakavya calls him Hetim, and states that Simharaja captured four of his elephants after killing him. The identity of the defeated general is uncertain, but he might have been a subordinate of the Amir of Multan.

The Hammira Mahakavya further claims that Simharata defeated the kings of Gujrata, Lata, Karnataka, Chola and Anga. This is obviously a hyperbole, although Simharaja may have achieved some military successes against his neighbours.

Personal life

The Prithviraja Vijaya suggests that like his father, Simharaja was a devout Shaivite, and  commissioned a large temple dedicated to Shiva at Pushkara. He also extended the Harshadeva temple, and granted four villages for its maintenance: Simhagoshtha, Trailkalakaka, Ishanakupa, and Kansapallika. The Kinsariya inscription describes him as naya-sutra-yuktah, which probably indicates that he was knowledgeable about logic (see Nyāya Sūtras).

Last days

Simharaja was succeeded by his sons Vigraharaja II and Durlabharaja II in that order. He had two other sons, Chandraraja and Govindaraja (not to be confused with the earlier Chahamana kings bearing same names). The Harsha inscription states that Vigraharaja revived the fortunes of his distressed family. This indicates that Simharaja suffered a tragic defeat at the end of his life. His enemies might have included the Pratiharas.

References

Bibliography

Category:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
Category:10th-century Indian monarchs


Jirnsum

Jirnsum is a village in Leeuwarden municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 1,360 in January 2017..

History
Before 2014, Jirnsum was part of Boarnsterhim municipality and before 1984 it belonged to Rauwerdhem.

Jirnsum is the hometown of the Nydam surname, among others. The first person to bear the surname "Nydam" is buried in the Jirnsum church graveyard.

References

Category:Leeuwarden
Category:Populated places in Friesland


Kunming Pharmaceutical Corporation

Kunming Pharmaceutical Corp. is a company that is involved in the manufacture and sale of natural drugs, as well as the wholesale and retail of other drugs. It is the largest pharmaceutical enterprise in Yunnan.

As of December 31, 2007, the Company had five major subsidiaries and associates. Headquartered in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, the Company distributes its products in domestic market and to overseas markets.

Products
The Company offers its major products under three categories: Artemether series, consisting of artemether injections, capsules, and tablets for the treatment of subtertian malaria; Sanqi series, for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and Gastrodine series, for the treatment of headache and neuralgia.

External links
Website

Category:Companies based in Yunnan
Category:Companies based in Kunming
Category:Pharmaceutical companies of China


Heojun Museum

Heojun Museum is a municipal museum in Gayang 2-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, South Korea to commemorate the legacy of Heo Jun (1546–1615), a court physician during the reign of King Seonjo (r. 1567 – 1608) of the mid Joseon Dynasty of Korea.

See also
List of museums in Seoul
List of museums in South Korea

External links
Official site

Category:Gangseo District, Seoul
Category:Museums in Seoul
Category:History museums in South Korea
Category:Museums established in 2005


HCH

HCH may refer to:

 Hampton Court House, an independent school in Surrey, UK
 Hexachlorocyclohexane, a group of chemical compounds
 Holmes Chapel railway station (National Rail station code), in Cheshire, England
 Huế Central Hospital, in Vietnam
 Huichol language, an indigenous language of Mexico
 Hypochondroplasia, a developmental disorder


Restol, The Special Rescue Squad

RESTOL Special Rescue Squad () is a 1999 South Korean animated television series created by Seoul Movie.

Plot
In 2034, the future world experienced serious natural disasters. In 2035, GEONOID was established as a company in order to protect the earth against natural calamities. Furthermore, the organization set up SRS (Special Rescue Services) that consists of the orbiting rescue station R-SAT, five RESTOL units, and the Shell Diver carrier ship.

Kang Maru, a 14-year-old boy, was chosen by GEONOID via a simulation video game competition to pilot RESTOL unit 03, as he demonstrated superb skills.

Releases

Castings
The following castings are based on Korean version.

 Kang Maru (강마루)—Choi Won-Hyeong
 Oming (오밍)—Kim Hye-Mi
 Mia (미아)—Kim Soo-Gyeong
 Punky (펑키)—Seong Byeong-Sook
 Heron (헤론)—Choi Byeong-Sang
 Lucifer (루시퍼)—Choi Byeong-Sang
 Victor (빅터)—Choi Byeong-Sang
 Reth (레스사령관)—Choi Moon-Ja
 Kou (코우선장)—Jang Gwang
 Kain (카인)—Kang Goo-Han
 Jin (진)—Kim Il
 Hanse (한스)—Lee Jeong-Goo
 Jei (제이)—Lim Eun-Jeong

External links

Category:South Korean animation


Gribanovo, Vladimir Oblast

Gribanovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

References

Category:Rural localities in Vladimir Oblast


Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome is a set of pneumonia-like symptoms that occur with no sign of infection in the lung. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome is a serious condition that can occur after a stem cell transplant. It occurs between 2.2 and 15 percent of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. The incubation period ranges between 4 and 106 days, but mostly is about 22 days from transplant.

Symptoms
The symptoms are like pneumonia, and include fever, chills, coughing, and breathing problems. Lack of oxygen may also occur.

Risk factors
Risk factors for IPS can be old age, graft vs host disease, multi organ failure, and multiple organ failure.

Diagnosis

Treatment
Treatment is only supportive, with steroids showing no effect. The need for mechanical ventilation is indicative of a poor prognosis. Steroids are often used, though often without effect.

References

 Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

Category:Pneumonia
Category:Syndromes affecting the lung


Arlo Chavez

Arlo Chavez is a Filipino boxer who has competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Background
Arlo Chavez was born in August 1, 1966 at Bantayan Island in Cebu. He was also a gold medalist at the 1994 Asian Games which he obtained in the welterweight class competition.

He and his brother Ronald competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

Results
1992 Summer Olympics

References

Category:Living people
Category:1966 births
Category:Boxers from Cebu
Category:Boxers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Lightweight boxers
Category:Filipino male boxers
Category:Olympic boxers of the Philippines
Category:Asian Games gold medalists for the Philippines
Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for the Philippines
Category:Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Boxers at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
Category:Boxers at the 1990 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games medalists in boxing


Colepiocephale

Colepiocephale is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian stage) deposits of Alberta, Canada. It was collected from the Foremost Formation (middle Campanian, 80-77.5 ma). The type species, C. lambei, was originally described by Sternberg (in 1945 as Stegoceras lambei), and later renamed by Sullivan in 2003. C. lambei is a domed pachycephalosaur characterized principally by the lack of a lateral and posteriosquamosal shelf, a steeply down-turned parietal, and the presence of two incipient nodes tucked under the posterior margin of the parietosquamosal border.

See also

 Timeline of pachycephalosaur research

References

Category:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
Category:Fossil taxa described in 2003
Category:Pachycephalosaurs
Category:Paleontology in Alberta
Category:Campanian genus first appearances
Category:Campanian genus extinctions


Alain Bashung

Alain Bashung (; born Alain Baschung 1 December 1947 – 14 March 2009) was a French singer, songwriter and actor. Credited with reviving the French chanson in “a time of French musical turmoil”, he is often regarded in his home country as the most important French rock musician after Serge Gainsbourg. He rose to prominence in the early 1980s with hit songs such as "Gaby oh Gaby" and "Vertige de l'amour", and later had a string of hit records from the 1990s onward, such as "Osez Joséphine", "Ma petite entreprise" and "La nuit je mens". He has had an influence on many later French artists, and is the most awarded artist in the Victoires de la Musique history with 12 victoires obtained throughout his career.

Bashung’s Play blessures (1982), Osez Joséphine (1991), and Fantaisie militaire (1998) have made multiple French lists of the greatest albums. L'Imprudence (2002) and Bleu pétrole (2008), the last two studio albums released during his lifetime, also garnered acclaim. Bashung died at 61 after a two-year fight with lung cancer.

Biography

Youth
Alain Baschung (he later dropped the "c" from his surname) was the son of a Breton mother working in a rubber factory and an Algerian father, whom he never knew. His mother remarried, and at the age of one, Bashung was sent to Wingersheim, near Strasbourg to live with his stepfather's parents. He spent his childhood in the countryside, in a rather conservative environment, alongside a grandmother who did not speak French. He discovered music during his childhood, notably Kurt Weill's Mahagonny, and began to practice with a Rosebud harmonica offered to him when he was five. He also practiced basketball and cycling and sang in the church choir of Wingersheim.

He came back to Paris in 1959, where he discovered the great chanson artists, and then rock artists such as Gene Vincent, Buddy Holly (whom he admired deeply), and Elvis Presley. While studying (before dropping out after he was awarded a BTS in accountancy from the École nationale de commerce in 1965), he formed a band called Les Dunces playing folk music and rockabilly.

Long beginnings
He later formed a band with musicians met in Royan, and then began to tour in restaurants, hotels and American military bases. He began his career with his first EP,"Pourquoi rêvez-vous des États-Unis ?" in 1966, which he wrote and composed. At the same time, he joined the RCA label to become a music arranger. He wrote songs for French artists. In June 1967, at the Palais des Sports of Paris, he was the opening act (alongside Noël Deschamps and Ronnie Bird) of artists such as the Pretty Things, the Troggs or Cream.

In 1968, he released his first single, "Les Romantiques" (which is now extremely hard to find) which was largely ignored by the public and unsuccessful. Around that time, he dropped the "c" from his name and spent some time at the house of fellow singer Christophe.

From 1972 to 1974, he composed some of the music and cowrote three albums and three singles (including "Marilou") for French rock singer Dick Rivers. In 1973, he plays Robespierre in the musical La Révolution française by Claude-Michel Schönberg.

In 11 years, he released no less than four EPs and ten singles, one under the moniker of David Bergen, and two others in 1976 and 1977 as Hendrick Darmen, composer for a band called Monkey Bizness. All of them failed to have any impact.

Boris Bergman and first successes
He then met sound engineer Andy Scott and lyricist Boris Bergman. Together, they realized his first album Roman-photos, with a country and rockabilly sound, which was a commercial failure as punk rock was rising. In 1979, he produced another album, Roulette russe, darker and leaning more openly toward rock. In 1980, he released the single "Gaby oh Gaby", which became his breakthrough success (selling more than a million copies).

His critical and commercial success was confirmed with his next album, Pizza, which allowed him, thanks to his second hit success, "Vertige de l'amour", to tour in prestigious locations, such as the Olympia. However, he broke with Bergman at the time.

Artistic turn
In 1982, Bashung released an album called Play blessures, written by Serge Gainsbourg. The album, in contrast with its immediate predecessor, is dark, minimalistic and inaccessible. The album was intended to break away from his unexpected success. It was a commercial and, at first, critical failure, Bashung being called by some the "Johnny Hallyday of new wave". Yet, it is now considered a classic album in France.

In 1983, he produced another dark album, Figure imposée, which also met with little success. However, in 1984 he made peace with Boris Bergman, and the lyricist wrote for him "SOS Amor" which was a surprise hit. In 1985, he sang "Touche pas à mon pote", a single for the association SOS Racisme.

In the wake of the success of "SOS Amor", he released in 1986 the album Passé le Rio Grande, which allowed him to get his first Victoires de la musique award.

In 1989, he returned to a dark, experimental style with the album Novice, from which the singles "Bombez !", "Pyromanes" and "Étrange été" were released. The album marked his first collaboration with lyricist Jean Fauque and his definitive breakup with Boris Bergman.

Mainstream and critical success
In 1991, he released another album with Fauque as lyricist, Osez Joséphine, which also included some cover versions of classic American rock songs. The album helped him achieve mainstream success, selling 350.000 copies and "Osez Joséphine" became his first real popular success since "Vertige de l'amour". On the same album is featured "Madame rêve", another classic in a different, more atmospheric style, which would be a trademark of his future releases.

In 1992, he covered the French pop classic song "Les Mots bleus", from the album by the same name by Christophe, for an AIDS research support compilation. In 1994, he released Chatterton, which he called a "new age country" album. For this album, he worked with artists such as Sonny Landreth, Ally McErlaine, Link Wray, Marc Ribot or Stéphane Belmondo. The single "Ma petite entreprise" was a new popular success. Following the album, he toured for two years and in 1995 released the double live album Confessions publiques.

From 1994 onwards, Bashung began to spend more time for his acting career (which he started in 1981 with Nestor Burma, détective de choc), for instance with Ma sœur chinoise by Alain Mazars.

After recording a duet with Brigitte Fontaine, "City" for her Les Palaces album, he came back to music in 1998 with Fantaisie militaire. For this album, he notably collaborated with Jean Fauque, Rodolphe Burger, Les Valentins, Jean-Marc Lederman and Adrian Utley of Portishead. The arrangements and strings were done by Joseph Racaille. The first single from the album was "La nuit je mens" which was another hit for Bashung. For the album, he received 3 more Victoires de la musique awards in 1999 (and in 2005, he received another for the "best album of the last twenty years"). For Bashung, it was a huge commercial and critical success.

In 2000, he released the compilation Climax, on which some songs are rerecordings as duets with notable artists from the French scene (most famously, the song "Volontaire" from Play blessures with French band Noir Désir). That same year, he cowrote "L'Eau et le vin" for Vanessa Paradis' album Bliss.

In 2002, he released another album, L'Imprudence to critical acclaim, which is considered one of the darker albums of his discography. The album is not easily accessible and features strings and electronic arrangements, with sometimes nearly spoken lyrics, and was inspired according to Bashung by old black and white movies. That same year, he recorded the album Cantique des cantiques with his new wife, singer Chloé Mons, the song was written for their wedding in 2001 by Rodolphe Burger, from a new translation of Solomon's Song of Songs by Olivier Cadiot. In 2003, he sang the French chanson classic "Avec le temps" by Léo Ferré for a tribute album to the late artist, Avec Léo ! and wrote the preface to a book about that artist.

In 2004, the double live album La Tournée des grands espaces was released. In 2005, he sang "Le Sud" on a tribute album to Nino Ferrer, On dirait Nino. In 2006, he recorded a Charles Trenet song, "Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?" as a duet with Françoise Hardy for her album (Parenthèses...).

In June 2006, in the Cité de la musique in Paris, he got the opportunity to sing for several days. There he brought on stage artists such as Christophe, Dominique A, Rodolphe Burger or Arto Lindsay.
In early 2007, after a small break, he was involved in the Les Aventuriers d'un autre monde tour alongside rock and pop artists Jean-Louis Aubert, Cali, Daniel Darc, Richard Kolinka and Raphaël. He sang for a couple of evenings in the Salle Pleyel in Paris, and played the role of Jack the Ripper for the song "Panique Mécanique" on Dionysos' album La Mécanique du Cœur.

That same year, he played with Belgian singer Arno in the movie J'ai toujours rêvé d'être un gangster, by Samuel Benchetrit. They appear as themselves, arguing over the authorship of a song.

In 2008, he sang "L.U.V." as a duet with Daniel Darc for the latter's album, Amours suprêmes. He was also involved in Étienne Daho's Daho Show, covering "I Can't Escape from You" as a duet with Daho. He also rerecorded Serge Gainsbourg's classic album, L'Homme à tête de chou, for a show.

On 24 March 2008, he released the album Bleu pétrole, collaborating notably with Gaëtan Roussel of French band Louise Attaque, Arman Méliès, M. Ward or Gérard Manset (covering the latter's song "Il voyage en solitaire" as the final song on the album). He then began to tour for the album. The 10 June 2008, he sang several times at the Olympia although he was undergoing a chemotherapy for his lung cancer. Jean Fauque claimed that a new album was underway.

Final months and death
On 1 January 2009, Bashung was made Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur. On 28 February 2009, he received three prestigious Victoires de la Musique awards for his final album Bleu pétrole. The 2009 award ceremony was his last public appearance. He appeared frail, but still performed "Résidents de la République." He won the Best male artist of the year, Best album and Best tour awards.

Bashung died in Paris on 14 March 2009 from lung cancer at the age of 61 at the Hôpital Saint-Joseph in Paris. After a religious ceremony at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, he was buried on 20 March 2009 in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Posthumous events

On 12 November 2009, the opening of a ballet using a rerecording of L'Homme à tête de chou, a 1976 Serge Gainsbourg album, by Bashung as the soundtrack, occurred at the Maison de la Culture de Grenoble, with a choreography by Jean-Claude Gallotta who approached him in 2007 to adapt the work.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pour L'Homme à tête de chou, Bashung s’est coulé dans la peau de Gainsbourg|work=Le Monde|date=13 November 2009|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2009/11/13/pour-l-homme-a-tete-de-chou-bashung-s-est-coule-dans-la-peau-de-gainsbourg_1266757_3246.html|language=French}}</ref>

On 27 November 2009, a box set called À perte de vue, which contained the entire output of Bashung so far (on 27 discs), was released. The box set features his twelve solo albums so far, his five live albums, his two duet albums with Chloé Mons, two albums of instrumentals and three albums of covers, duets and rarities. Alongside this box set a double live album documenting his last tour, called Dimanches à l'Élysée and recorded at the Élysée Montmartre on 14 December 2008, was released on 16 November. That same day, a live video recorded at the Olympia 10 and 15 June 2008 was released. This DVD was awarded the 2010 Victoires de la musique award for best musical DVD of the year. At the same Victoires ceremony, French singer Benjamin Biolay, who was awarded the Best male artist of the year award, paid tribute to Bashung.

He can be heard singing La nuit je mens in the closing scenes of the final episode of the French television series Les Bleus: premiers pas dans la police (2006–10). On 26 April 2011, a tribute album called Tels Alain Bashung was released. It features twelve covers of Bashung songs by various artists and bands, with a documentary called Alain Bashung - Faisons envie directed by Thierry Villeneuve. On 7 November 2011, his rerecording of L'Homme à tête de chou was released on Barclay Records.

 Influence
A multi-platinum artist, Bashung received three awards during the ceremony at the Paris Zenith, including best male artist, best album for "Bleu Pétrole" (Barclay/Universal) and best live show. He spent his career singing a pop-chanson repertoire. With 12 trophies won since 1993, he was the most awarded artist in the history of the Victoires de la Musique. Bashung, who had cancer, had to postpone several dates of his last tour. While receiving his award, he said he hoped that record companies would "remain in a human dimension by making people happy with records."

In February 2010, the French edition of Rolling Stone magazine placed six of his albums in their list "100 disques essentiels du rock français" (100 Essential French Rock Albums) with two albums in the top 10, Osez Joséphine at number one, and Fantaisie militaire at number nine.

 Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Live albums
 1985 : Live Tour 85 1992 : Tour Novice 1995 : Confessions publiques 2004 : La Tournée des grands espaces 2009 : Dimanches à l'ÉlyséeCompilations
 1993 : Réservé aux indiens 1999 : Climax 2000 : Ma petite entreprise (original soundtrack to the film My Little Business)

 Filmography

 Actor
 1981 : Nestor Burma, détective de choc de Jean-Luc Miesch
 1981 : Le Cimetière des voitures de Fernando Arrabal
 1991 : Rien que des mensonges de Paule Muret
 1992 : L'Ombre du doute de Aline Issermann
 1994 : Ma sœur chinoise de Alain Mazars
 1995 : Le Jeu de la clé de Michel Hassan
 1998 : Mon père, ma mère, mes frères et mes sœurs... de Charlotte de Turckheim
 1999 : Je veux tout de Patrick Braoudé
 2000 : La Confusion des Genres de Ilan Duran Cohen
 2000 : Retour à la vie de Pascal Baeumler (avec Emmanuelle Laborit)
 2000 : Félix et Lola de Patrice Leconte
 2000 : L'Origine du monde de Jérôme Enrico
 2002 : La Bande du drugstore de François Armanet
 2003 : Le P'tit Curieux de Jean Marbœuf
 2006 : Arthur et les Minimoys de Luc Besson (voix de M Le maudit)
 2007 : J'ai toujours rêvé d'être un gangster de Samuel Benchetrit
 2014 : jack et la mechanique du couer [jack the ripper] {died before screening}

 Composer
 1981 : Nestor Burma, détective de choc de Jean-Luc Miesch
 1985 : Le Quatrième Pouvoir de Serge Leroy
 1986 : Le Beauf de Yves Amoureux
 1992 : Le Jeune Werther de Jacques Doillon
 1994 : Pigalle de Karim Dridi
 1999 : Ma petite entreprise de Pierre Jolivet

References

 External links

 Alain Bashung – Website (discography, songs, news)
 Listen to Alain Bashung's discography

 Alain Bashung: Revered singer and actor described as 'the gentleman rocker of French chanson' , obituary from The Independent''
 Alain Bashung dies, Radio France Internationale in English
 Site sur Alain Bashung
 Ma Petite Entreprise : The Life of Alain Bashung, featured at http://www.4ortherecord.com

Category:1947 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Male actors from Paris
Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Category:Deaths from cancer in France
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:French male film actors
Category:French male singers
Category:French people of Breton descent
Category:French people of Algerian descent
Category:French singer-songwriters
Category:French rock singers
Category:20th-century French singers
Category:Philips Records artists
Category:20th-century male singers


Taskayeva

Taskayeva () is a rural locality (a village) in Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010.

References

Category:Rural localities in Perm Krai


University of Cambridge Museums

University of Cambridge Museums is a consortium of the eight museums of the University of Cambridge, which came into being in 2012 following awarding of Major Partner Museums status by Arts Council England.  The consortium works in partnership with the Cambridge University Botanic Garden and other Cambridge University collections.

The consortium comprises:
 The Fitzwilliam Museum
 Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
 The Polar Museum
 The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences
 Museum of Classical Archaeology
 The Whipple Museum of the History of Science
 Kettle's Yard
 University Museum of Zoology

References

External links


Kpana Lewis

Kpana Lewis (April 19, 1830 – May 10, 1912) was a Sherbro chief from Sierra Leone and an opponent of  colonial rule of the British. He exercised strong influence over all Sherbro chiefs. Part of his fame rested in his pervasive use of the Poro Secret Society to oppose the British colonialists. He was considered so powerful that, while Bai Bureh was allowed to return from exile after the 1898 Rebellion, Kpana Lewis continued to be held in exile in the Gold Coast (now Ghana), where he died in 1912.

Early life and leadership
Kpana Lewis was born in 1830 in Sherbro Island in the Southern Province of British Sierra Leone to a politically dominant family of the Sherbro aristocracy. His grandfather, Bai Kong Kuba Lewis was the most dominant king among all of the Sherbro people. Kong Kuba Lewis  signed a treaty ceding Sherbro country to the British in 1825, but the British did not exercise any direct authority over the Sherbros until the end of the century. Kpana Lewis assumed the leadership of the Sherbro people in 1879, after his father died. As a leader, Kpana Lewis was able to bring quite a few of the counties back under the authority of the Sherbro. He did this by using the enormous power of the Poro  Secret Society, of which he was a leading member. Poro is reported to have spread into the interior of Sierra Leone from Yoni on Sherbro Island, which was the capital of the Sherbro Kingdom and where Kpana Lewis resided. He thus came to restore something of the old glory of the Kong Kuba and regained authority over former mainland provinces of the once powerful Sherbro Kingdom.

When the British proclaimed a Protectorate in 1896, many of the terms of the Protectorate Ordinance were distasteful to the local rulers. Above all was the Hut Tax. Kpana Lewis was one of the few leaders who actually led a group of chiefs to the capital of Freetown to protest against the tax. While the British Governor informed him that the Sherbro in the Colony was unaffected by the tax, Kpana Lewis did not sit back and leave the other rulers to continue protesting alone because his own territory was not involved. On his return to Yoni, Kpana Lewis used the Poro to give force to his disgust with the colonial measures.

Rebellion
The Poro traditionally had a role of ensuring concerted action for political or economic purposes. It could as easily place a ban on war as on the harvest, a ban which no one dared disobey. It  thus fulfilled the role of a modern judiciary system and police force. It was this that Kpana Lewis used to effect a boycott of trade with Europeans and the Krio people who Kpana Lewis and other indigenous tribal leaders accused of supporting the British. When the District Commissioner called a meeting of chiefs in the area to warn them against any kind of rebellion, one of the chief said that he had to confer with  Kpana Lewis, whom he regarded as his leader. So great was his power and influence over these rulers that they were willing to openly defy powerful British officials in favour of Kpana Lewis' authority. The British then quickly passed a law making it a criminal offence to use the Poro to restrain trade.

When the Hut Tax War of 1898 broke out, led by Temne war-chief Bai Bureh, nothing could convince the District Commissioner that Kpana Lewis was not the brain behind the resistance. Even though the British had no evidence connecting Kpana Lewis with the Rebellion, he was detained as a suspect and was subsequently sent into exile in the Gold Coast along with Bai Bureh and the Mende chief Nyagua. The British then installed their own man, Fama Yani, as the leader of the  Sherbro people. Fearing that if Kpana Lewis returned and his presence would lead to the overthrow of Fama Yani, the British refused to allow his return, though Bai Bureh was ultimately brought back to Sierra Leone. Despite protests by Kpana Lewis' son, Kong Kuba, and of intervention by the Anti-Slavery Society in London, the British Government held him in the Gold Coast where he died after more than a decade in exile.

External links
BAI SHERBRO KPANA LEWIS (ca. 1830-1912) SHERBRO CHIEF AND OPPONENT OF COLONIAL RULE at www.sierra-leone.org

Category:Sherbro people
Category:Hut Tax War of 1898
Category:1830 births
Category:1912 deaths


Clariden

The Clariden is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located at an elevation of  between the Swiss cantons of Uri and Glarus. While on the north the Clariden overlooks the  high Klausen Pass, the south side is covered by large glaciers. The Hüfifirn on the west is drained by the Chärstelenbach, a tributary of the Reuss that eventually flows into Lake Lucerne. The Claridenfirn on the east is drained by the Linth that eventually flows into Lake Zürich.

The mountain lies in the municipalities of Silenen and Spiringen, in the canton of Schwyz, and Glarus Süd, in the canton of Glarus. The nearest settlements are the villages of Unterschächen to the north-west, and Linthal to the north-east, which lie at each end of the Klausen Pass.

References

External links

Clariden on Summitpost
Clariden on Hikr

Category:Mountains of Switzerland
Category:Mountains of the canton of Uri
Category:Mountains of the Alps
Category:Alpine three-thousanders
Category:Mountains of the canton of Glarus
Category:Glarus–Uri border


Gojčevići

Gojčevići  is a municipality of Novo Goražde, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

References

Category:Populated places in Novo Goražde