Don't Dare to Dream

Don't Dare to Dream, also known as Jealousy Incarnate (), is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Gong Hyo-jin, Jo Jung-suk, Go Kyung-pyo, Lee Mi-sook, Park Ji-young, Lee Sung-jae and Seo Ji-hye. It aired every Wednesday and Thursday at 22:00 (KST) on SBS from August 24 to November 10, 2016 for 24 episodes.

Synopsis
Weather caster, Pyo Na-ri (Gong Hyo-jin), and news anchor, Lee Hwa-shin (Jo Jung-suk), are long-time colleagues at SBC broadcasting station. Na-ri has had a crush on Hwa-shin three years ago but things change when she meets the perfect man Go Jung-won (Go Kyung-pyo), a chaebol heir and close friend of Hwa-shin.

Meanwhile, Sung-sook (Lee Mi-sook) and Ja-young (Park Ji-young), who are rivals in both love and career, get entangled with Kim Rak (Lee Sung-jae), a restaurant owner and landlord of the building where Na-ri lives.

Cast

Main
 Gong Hyo-jin as Pyo Na-ri
Na-ri is a weather broadcaster with an optimistic personality. Graduating from a third-rate college and having no money or connections, Na-ri is full of insecurities, but continues to persevere and work hard to keep her place at the station. She used to have a crush on Hwa-shin for 3 years.
 Jo Jung-suk as Lee Hwa-shin
Hwa-shin is a star reporter and news anchor with a great education and family background. He has a proud, competitive and macho personality; and gets jealous when Na-ri is with Jung-won as he starts developing feelings for her.
 Go Kyung-pyo as Go Jung-won
A polite, friendly man who is serious when it comes to love. Jung-won is the boss of a publishing company, and a chaebol heir of a large corporation that manages several luxury clothing brands. He falls for Na-ri at first sight.
 Lee Mi-sook as Kye Sung-sook
 A reporter-turned-anchorwoman. Jong-shin's first wife and Ppal-gang's mother.
 Park Ji-young as Bang Ja-young
Department head of SBC station and announcer. Jong-shin's second wife.
 Lee Sung-jae as Kim Rak
Chef and owner of a restaurant, and landlord to Nari and her family. A kind and caring man who cares for his tenants like family.
 Seo Ji-hye as Hong Hye-won
The daughter of the Senior Secretary to the President for Public Affairs and a news anchor for the 7PM news. She's intelligent and capable in her career. However, in her 29 years of life, she hasn't had one ordeal to deal with and she doesn't believe people are equal, making her self-conceited and has a mingled reputation.

Supporting

Crazy 18

 Moon Ga-young as  Lee Ppal-gang
 Kim Jung-hyun as Pyo Chi-yeol, Na-ri's brother
 Ahn Woo-yeon as Oh Dae-goo

People around Hwa Shin

 Park Jung-soo as Hwa-shin's mother
 Yoon Da-hoon as Lee Jong-shin, Hwa-shin's brother and Ppal-gang's father

People around Jung Won

 Choi Hwa-jung as Kim Tae-ra, Jung-won's mother and Kim Rak's sister
 Park Sung-hoon as Secretary Cha

People at SBC broadcasting company

 Kwon Hae-hyo as Oh Jong-hwan
 Jung Sang-hoon as Choi Dong-ki
 Yoo Jae-myung as Uhm Ki-dae
 Park Hwan-hee as Keum Soo-jung
 Park Eun-ji as Park Jin
 Seo Yoo-ri as Hong Ji-min
 Kim Ye-won as Na Joo-hee
 Jun Ji-an as Im Soo-mi
 Yoo Jung-rae as Kan Mi-young
 Lee Chae-won as Yang Sung-sook
 Park Seo-young as Jang Hee-soo
 Sung Chang-hoon as New agency staff
 Lee Myung-haeng as 7 o'clock news anchor

People at Rak Villa

 Seo Eun-soo as Ri Hong-dan, Na-ri and Chi-yeol's step mother
 Sul Woo-hyung as Pyo Bum, Na-ri's step brother
 Suh Hyun-suk as Lee Seung-han

People at Sun Hospital

 Bae Hae-sun as Keum Suk-ho, Oncologist
 Park Jin-joo as Nurse Oh Jin-joo

Extended

 Min Jung-sub
 Song Ha-rim as School office clerk who attended the festival
 Yeo Un-bok as surgeon
 Choi Kyu-sik as Taxi driver
 Lee Do-yeob
 Jang Hae-min
 Lee Yoon-sang as Executive Officer of Yonee Group's hotel
 Kwan Eun-soo

Special appearances

 BamBam as Guy in Thailand nightclub (Ep. 1)
 Vivian Cha as Guy's girlfriend (Ep. 1)
 Yoo Jae-myung as news anchor
 Lee Jung-eun as Breast cancer screening doctor
 Oh Se-deuk as Chinese restaurant chef
 Jung Kyung-sun as Pyo Na-ri's mother
 Han Ji-min as Han Ji-min, Hwa-shin's blind date (Ep. 11)
 Kim Kyung-ran as announcer open recruitment judge (Ep. 14)
 Ahn Hye-kyung as announcer applicant (Ep. 14)
 Jun Hyun-moo as announcer applicant (SBS announcer) (Ep. 14)
 Oh Jung-yeon as announcer applicant (Ep. 14)
 Kim Yoon-sang as announcer applicant (SBS announcer) (Ep. 14)
 Lee Sun-kyun Na-ri's blind date (Voice) (Ep. 15)
 Ko Sung-hee as Hong Soo-young, Hwa-shin and Jung-won's first love (Ep. 17)

Broadcast rights bidding war
KBS 2TV and SBS both expressed interest in broadcast rights for Don't Dare to Dream. When the casting was first announced on February 2016, the drama was then in talks to air on KBS 2TV, but SBS decided to join the bidding war. In April 2016, it was announced that SBS won the drama's broadcast rights.

Original soundtrack

Charted songs

Ratings
In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers  represent the highest ratings.
NR denotes that the drama did not rank in the top 20 daily programs on that date.

Awards and nominations

International broadcast
 In Taiwan, the drama started airing from December 4, 2016 to February 19, 2017 on CTV Main Channel every Sunday at 22:00.
 In Japan, the drama started airing on KNTV every Saturday at 20:45 from October 22, 2016 to January 14, 2017.
 In Malaysia, the series started airing on Shuang Xing from March 4, 2017 to April 22, 2017 every Sunday at 21:00.
 The drama started airing in Taiwan on Videoland Channel every Monday to Friday at 22:00 from March 28, 2017 to May 16, 2017.
 In Philippines, the series aired from December 3, 2018 to February 8, 2019 on GMA Network's as part of GMA The Heart of Asia under the title "Don't Dare To Dream".

References

External links

Category:Seoul Broadcasting System television dramas
Category:2010s South Korean television series
Category:2016 South Korean television series debuts
Category:South Korean romantic comedy television series
Category:Television series about television
Category:Television series about journalists
Category:Television series about cancer
Category:Television series by SM C&C
Category:2016 South Korean television series endings
Category:Films with screenplays by Seo Sook-hyang


Bidhuna (Assembly constituency)

Bidhuna is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Bidhuna in the Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Bidhuna is one of five assembly constituencies in the Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency). Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 202 amongst 403 constituencies.

Currently this seat belongs to Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Vinay Shakya who won in last Assembly election of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Lagislative Elections defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Dinesh Kumar Verma by a margin of 	3,910 votes.

References

Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh


Emotion Markup Language

An Emotion Markup Language (EML or EmotionML) has first been defined by the W3C Emotion Incubator Group (EmoXG) as a general-purpose emotion annotation and representation language, which should be usable in a large variety of technological contexts where emotions need to be represented. Emotion-oriented computing (or "affective computing") is gaining importance as interactive technological systems become more sophisticated. Representing the emotional states of a user or the emotional states to be simulated by a user interface requires a suitable representation format; in this case a markup language is used.

EmotionML version 1.0 was published by the group in May 2014.

History
In 2006, a first W3C Incubator Group, the Emotion Incubator Group (EmoXG), was set up "to investigate a language to represent the emotional states of users and the emotional states simulated by user interfaces" with the final Report published on 10 July 2007.
In 2007, the Emotion Markup Language Incubator Group (EmotionML XG) was set up as a follow-up to the Emotion Incubator Group, "to propose a specification draft for an Emotion Markup Language, to document it in a way accessible to non-experts, and to illustrate its use in conjunction with a number of existing markups." The final report of the Emotion Markup Language Incubator Group, Elements of an EmotionML 1.0, was published on 20 November 2008.
The work then was continued in 2009 in the frame of the W3C's Multimodal Interaction Activity, with the First Public Working Draft of "Emotion Markup Language (EmotionML) 1.0" being published on 29 October 2009. The Last Call Working Draft of "Emotion Markup Language 1.0", was published on 7 April 2011. The Last Call Working Draft addressed all open issues that arose from feedback of the community on the First Call Working Draft as well as results of a workshop held in Paris in October 2010. Along with the Last Call Working Draft, a list of vocabularies for EmotionML has been published to aid developers using common vocabularies for annotating or representing emotions.

Annual draft updates were published until the 1.0 version was finished in 2014.

Reasons for defining an emotion markup language
A standard for an emotion markup language would be useful for the following purposes:
 To enhance computer-mediated human-human or human-machine communication. Emotions are a basic part of human communication and should therefore be taken into account, e.g. in emotional Chat systems or emphatic voice boxes. This involves specification, analysis and display of emotion related states.
 To enhance systems' processing efficiency. Emotion and intelligence are strongly interconnected. The modeling of human emotions in computer processing can help to build more efficient systems, e.g. using emotional models for time-critical decision enforcement.
 To allow the analysis of non-verbal behavior, emotion, mental states that can be provided using web services to enable data collection, analysis, and reporting.

Concrete examples of existing technology that could apply EmotionML include:

Opinion mining / sentiment analysis in Web 2.0, to automatically track customer's attitude regarding a product across blogs;
Affective monitoring, such as ambient assisted living applications, fear detection for surveillance purposes, or using wearable sensors to test customer satisfaction;
Wellness technologies that provide assistance according to a person's emotional state with the goal to improve the person's well-being;
Character design and control for games and virtual worlds;
Building web services to capture, analysis, and report data of non-verbal behavior, emotion and mental states of an individual or group across the internet using standard web technologies such as HTML5 and JSON.
Social robots, such as guide robots engaging with visitors;
Expressive speech synthesis, generating synthetic speech with different emotions, such as happy or sad, friendly or apologetic; expressive synthetic speech would for example make more information available to blind and partially sighted people, and enrich their experience of the content;
Emotion recognition (e.g., for spotting angry customers in speech dialog systems, to improve computer games or e-Learning applications);
Support for people with disabilities, such as educational programs for people with autism. EmotionML can be used to make the emotional intent of content explicit. This would enable people with learning disabilities (such as Asperger's Syndrome) to realise the emotional context of the content;
EmotionML can be used for media transcripts and captions. Where emotions are marked up to help deaf or hearing impaired people who cannot hear the soundtrack, more information is made available to enrich their experience of the content.
The Emotion Incubator Group has listed 39 individual use cases for an Emotion markup language.

A standardised way to mark up the data needed by such "emotion-oriented systems" has the potential to boost development primarily because data that was annotated in a standardised way can be interchanged between systems more easily, thereby simplifying a market for emotional databases, and the standard can be used to ease a market of providers for sub-modules of emotion processing systems, e.g. a web service for the recognition of emotion from text, speech or multi-modal input.

The challenge of defining a generally usable emotion markup language
Any attempt to standardize the description of emotions using a finite set of fixed descriptors is doomed to failure, as there is no consensus on the number of relevant emotions, on the names that should be given to them or how else best to describe them. For example, the difference between ":)" and "(:" is small, but using a standardized markup it would make one invalid. Even more basically, the list of emotion-related states that should be distinguished varies depending on the application domain and the aspect of emotions to be focused. Basically, the vocabulary needed depends on the context of use.
On the other hand, the basic structure of concepts is less controversial: it is generally agreed that emotions involve triggers, appraisals, feelings, expressive behavior including physiological changes, and action tendencies; emotions in their entirety can be described in terms of categories or a small number of dimensions; emotions have an intensity, and so on. For details, see the Scientific Descriptions of Emotions in the Final Report of the Emotion Incubator Group.

Given this lack of agreement on descriptors in the field, the only practical way of defining an emotion markup language is the definition of possible structural elements and to allow users to "plug in" vocabularies that they consider appropriate for their work.

An additional challenge lies in the aim to provide a markup language that is generally usable. The requirements that arise from different use cases are rather different. Whereas manual annotation tends to require all the fine-grained distinctions considered in the scientific literature, automatic recognition systems can usually distinguish only a very small number of different states and affective avatars need yet another level of detail for expressing emotions in an appropriate way.

For the reasons outlined here, it is clear that there is an inevitable tension between flexibility and interoperability, which need to be weighed in the formulation of an EmotionML. The guiding principle in the following specification has been to provide a choice only where it is needed, and to propose reasonable default options for every choice.

Applications and web services benefiting from an emotion markup language

There are a range of existing projects and applications  to which an emotion markup language will enable the building of webservices to measure capture data of individuals non-verbal behavior, mental states, and emotions and allowing results to be reported and rendered in a standardized format using standard web technologies such as JSON and HTML5. One such project is measuring affect data across the Internet using EyesWeb.

See also
 Affect display
 Autism friendly
 Human Markup Language

References

Category:Markup languages
Category:XML-based standards
Category:Affective computing


John Stopp

Eric John Chancellor Stopp (10 June 1933 – 19 April 2014) was an Australian politician.

He was born on Norfolk Island in 1933, and moved to Tasmania as a boy. He attended The Hutchins School, in Hobart. In 1983 he was elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council as the independent member for Queenborough. He was President of the Council from 1992 to 1995. Stopp retired from politics in 1995

References

Category:1933 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Independent members of the Parliament of Tasmania
Category:Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council
Category:Presidents of the Tasmanian Legislative Council


Shapur II

Shapur II ( ; New Persian: , Šāpur), also known as Shapur II the Great, was the tenth Sasanian king (shah) of Iran. The longest-reigning monarch in Iranian history, he reigned for his entire 70-year life from 309 to 379. He was the son of Hormizd II (r. 302–309).

His reign saw the military resurgence of the country, and the expansion of its territory, which marked the start of the first Sasanian golden era. He is thus along with Shapur I, Kavad I and Khosrow I, regarded as one of the most illustrious Sasanian kings. His three direct successors, on the other hand, were less successful.

Shapur II pursued a harsh religious policy. Under his reign, the collection of the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, was completed, heresy and apostasy were punished, and Christians were persecuted. The latter was a reaction against the Christianization of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. Shapur II, like Shapur I, was amicable towards Jews, who lived in relative freedom and gained many advantages in his period (see also Rava). At the time of Shapur's death, the Sasanian Empire was stronger than ever, with its enemies to the east pacified and Armenia under Sasanian control.

Etymology
"Shapur" was a popular name in Sasanian Iran, being used by three Sasanian monarchs and several notables of the Sasanian era and its later periods. The name is derived from Old Iranian *xšayaθiya.puθra ("son of a king") and initially must have been a title, which became−at least in the late 2nd century AD, a personal name. The name appears in the list of Arsacid kings in some Arabic-Persian sources, however, this is anachronistic. The name of Shapur is known in other languages as; Greek Sapur, Sabour and Sapuris; Latin Sapores and Sapor; Arabic Sābur and Šābur; New Persian Šāpur, Šāhpur, Šahfur.

Accession
When Hormizd II died in 309, he was succeeded by his son Adur Narseh, who, after a brief reign which lasted few months, was killed by some of the nobles of the empire. They then blinded the second, and imprisoned the third (Hormizd, who afterwards escaped to the Roman Empire). The throne was reserved for the unborn child of Hormizd II's wife Ifra Hormizd, which was Shapur II. It is said that Shapur II may have been the only king in history to be crowned in utero, as the legend claims that the crown was placed upon his mother's womb while she was pregnant.

However, according to Alireza Shapour Shahbazi, it is unlikely that Shapur was crowned as king while still in his mother's womb, since the nobles could not have known of his sex at that time. He further states that Shapur was born forty days after his father's death, and that the nobles killed Adur Narseh and crowned Shapur II in order to gain greater control of the empire, which they were able to do until Shapur II reached his majority at the age of 16.

War with the Arabs (325)

During the childhood of Shapur II, Arab nomads made several incursions into the Sasanian homeland of Pars, where they raided Gor and its surroundings. Furthermore, they also made incursions into Meshan and Mazun. At the age of 16, Shapur II led an expedition against the Arabs; primarily campaigning against the Iyad tribe in Asoristan and thereafter he crossed the Persian Gulf, reaching al-Khatt, modern Qatif, or present eastern Saudi Arabia. He then attacked the Banu Tamim in the Al Hajar Mountains. Shapur II reportedly killed a large number of the Arab population and destroyed their water supplies by stopping their wells with sand.

After having dealt with the Arabs of eastern Arabia, he continued his expedition into western Arabia and Syria, where he attacked several cities—he even went as far as Medina. Because of his cruel way of dealing with the Arabs, he was called Dhū'l-Aktāf ("he who pierces shoulders") by them. Not only did Shapur II pacify the Arabs of the Persian Gulf, but he also pushed many Arab tribes further deep into the Arabian Peninsula. Furthermore, he also deported some Arab tribes by force; the Taghlib to Bahrain and al-Khatt; the Banu Abdul Qays and Banu Tamim to Hajar; the Banu Bakr to Kirman, and the Banu Hanzalah to a place near Hormizd-Ardashir. Shapur II, in order to prevent the Arabs from making more raids into his country, ordered the construction of a wall near al-Hira, which became known as war-i tāzigān ("wall of the Arabs").

The Zoroastrian scripture Bundahishn also mentions the Arabian campaign of Shapur II:

With Eastern Arabia more firmly under Sasanian control, and with the establishment of Sasanian garrison troops, the way for Zoroastrianism was opened. Pre-Islamic Arabian poets often makes mention of Zoroastrianism practices, which they must have either made contact with in Asoristan or Eastern Arabia. The Lakhmid ruler Imru' al-Qays ibn 'Amr, who was originally a vassal of the Sasanians, may have suffered from Shapur II's raids in Peninsula. He seemingly swore fealty to the Romans, possibly after the incident.

War with the Romans

Objectives
Ever since the "humilating" Peace of Nisibis concluded between Shapur's grandfather Narseh and the Roman emperor Diocletian in 299, the borders between the two empires had changed largely in favor of the Romans, who in the treaty received a handful of provinces in Mesopotamia, changing the border from the Euphrates to the Tigris, close to the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon. The Romans also received control over the kingdoms of Iberia and Armenia, and gained control over parts of upper Media in Iran proper. Shapur's primary objective was thus to nullify the treaty, which he spent much of his reign in order to accomplish.

Another reason behind his motives to wage war against the Romans was due their attempts to meddle in the domestic affairs of the Sasanian Empire and hurt Shapur's kingship by supporting his brother Hormizd, who had been well received at the Roman court by Constantine the Great, who made him a cavalry commander. Shapur had made fruitless attempts to satisfy his brother, even having his wife sent to him, who had originally helped him escape imprisonment. However, Hormizd had already become an avid philhellene during his stay with the Romans, with whom he felt at home. Another reason was due to Constantine, who at his deathbed in 337, had declared Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire. He had also selected himself as the defender of all the Christians in the world, including those living in the Sasanian realm.

Early campaigns and first war against the Romans

In 337, just before the death of Constantine the Great (324–337), Shapur II, provoked by the Roman rulers' backing of Roman Armenia, broke the peace concluded in 297 between emperors Narseh (293–302) and Diocletian (284–305), which had been observed for forty years. This was the beginning of two long drawn-out wars (337–350 and 358-363) which were inadequately recorded.

After crushing a rebellion in the south, Shapur II invaded Roman Mesopotamia and captured Armenia. Apparently, nine major battles were fought. The most renowned was the inconclusive Battle of Singara (modern Sinjar, Iraq) in which Constantius II was at first successful, capturing the Persian camp, only to be driven out by a surprise night attack after Shapur had rallied his troops (344-or 348?). The most notable feature of this war was the consistently successful defence of the Roman fortress of Nisibis in Mesopotamia. Shapur besieged the fortress three times (in 338, 346, 350 A.D.), and was repulsed each time.

Although victorious in battle, Shapur II could make no further progress with Nisibis un-taken. At the same time he was attacked in the east by Scythian Massagetae and other Central Asia. He had to break off the war with the Romans and arrange a hasty truce in order to pay attention to the east (350). Roughly around this time the Hunnic tribes, most likely the Kidarites, whose king was Grumbates, make an appearance as an encroaching threat upon Sasanian territory as well as a menace to the Gupta Empire (320-500CE). After a prolonged struggle (353–358) they were forced to conclude a peace, and Grumbates agreed to enlist his light cavalrymen into the Persian army and accompany Shapur II in renewed war against the Romans, particularly participating in the Siege of Amida in 359.

Second war against the Romans and invasion of Armenia

In 358 Shapur II was ready for his second series of wars against Rome, which met with much more success. In 359, Shapur II invaded southern Armenia, but was held up by the valiant Roman defence of the fortress of Amida (now Diyarbakır, Turkey), which finally surrendered in 359 after a seventy-three-day siege in which the Persian army suffered great losses.  The delay forced Shapur to halt operations for the winter.  Early the following spring he continued his operations against the Roman fortresses, capturing Singara and Bezabde (Cirze?), again at a heavy cost. In the next year Constantius II launched a counterattack, having spent the winter making massive preparations in Constantinople; Shapur, who had meanwhile lost the aid of his Asianic allies, avoided battle, but left strong garrisons in all the fortresses which he had captured. Constantius laid siege to Bazabde, but proved incapable of taking it, and retired on the approach of winter to Antioch, where he died soon after.
Constantius was succeeded by his cousin, Julian the Apostate, who came to the throne determined to avenge the recent Roman reverses in the east. Though Shapur attempted an honorable reconciliation, warned of the capabilities which Julian had displayed in wars against the Alemans in Gaul, the emperor  dismissed negotiation.

In 363 the Emperor Julian (361–363), at the head of a strong army, advanced to Shapur's capital city of Ctesiphon and defeated a presumably larger Sassanian force at the Battle of Ctesiphon; however, he was unable to take the fortified city, or engage with the main Persian army under Shapur II that was approaching. Julian was killed by the enemy in a skirmish during his retreat back to Roman territory. His successor Jovian (363–364) made an ignominious peace in which the districts beyond the Tigris which had been acquired in 298 were given to the Persians along with Nisibis and Singara, and the Romans promised to interfere no more in Armenia. The great success is represented in the rock-sculptures near the town Bishapur in Pars (Stolze, Persepolis, p. 141); under the hooves of the king's horse lies the body of an enemy, probably Julian, and a supplicant Roman, the Emperor Jovian, asks for peace.

According to the peace treaty between Shapur and Jovian, Georgia and Armenia were to be ceded to Sasanian control, and the Romans forbidden from further involvement in the affairs of Armenia. Under this agreement Shapur assumed control over Armenia and took its King Arsaces II (Arshak II), the faithful ally of the Romans, as prisoner, and held him in the Castle of Oblivion (Fortress of Andməš in Armenian or Castle of Anyuš in Ḵuzestān). Supposedly, Arsaces then committed suicide during a visit by his eunuch Drastamat. Shapur attempted to introduce Zoroastrian orthodoxy into Armenia. However, the Armenian nobles resisted him successfully, secretly supported by the Romans, who sent King Papas (Pap), the son of Arsaces II, into Armenia. The war with Rome threatened to break out again, but Valens sacrificed Pap, arranging for his assassination in Tarsus, where he had taken refuge (374).

In Georgia, then known as Iberia, where the Sasanians were also given control, Shapur II installed Aspacures II of Iberia in the east; however, in western Georgia, Valens also succeeded in setting up his own king, Sauromaces II of Iberia.

Shapur II had conducted great hosts of captives from the Roman territory into his dominions, most of whom were settled in Elam. Here he rebuilt Susa - after having killed the city's rebellious inhabitants.

War in the East

Expansion into India (c.350-358 CE)

Gandhara and Punjab

In the east around 350 CE, Shapur II gained the upper hand against the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom and took control of large territories in areas now known as Afghanistan and Pakistan, possibly as a consequence of the destruction of the Kushano-Sasanians by the Chionites. The Kushano-Sasanian still ruled in the north. Important finds of Sasanian coinage beyond the Indus river in the city of Taxila only start with the reigns of Shapur II (r.309-379) and Shapur III (r.383-388), suggesting that the expansion of Sasanian control beyond the Indus was the result of the wars of Shapur II "with the Chionites and Kushans" in 350-358 CE as described by Ammianus Marcellinus They probably maintained control until the rise of the Kidarites under their ruler Kidara.

Sindh

In the area of Sindh, from Multan to the mouth of the Indus river, an important series of gold coins started to be issued on the model of the coinage of Shapur II, and would continue down to Peroz I. The coins are not the usual Sasanian imperial type, and the legend around the portrait tends to be degraded Middle Persian in the Pahlavi script, but they have the Brahmi script character Sri  (meaning "Lord") in front of the portrait of the King. The coins suggest some sort of Sasanian control of Sind from the time of Shapur II, and a recognition of Sasanian overlordship, but the precise extent of the Sasanian presence or influence is unknown.

Loss of Bactria to nomadic invaders (c.370 CE)
Confrontations with nomadic tribes from Central Asia soon started to occur. Ammianus Marcellinus reports that in 356 CE, Shapur II was taking his winter quarters on his eastern borders, "repelling the hostilities of the bordering tribes" of the Chionites and the Euseni ("Euseni" is usually amended to "Cuseni", meaning the Kushans), finally making a treaty of alliance with the Chionites and the Gelani in 358 CE.

From around 370 CE however, during his reign, the Sasanids lost the control of Bactria to invaders from the north, first the Kidarites, then the Hephthalites and the Alchon Huns, who would follow up with the invasion of India. These invaders initially issued coins based on Sasanian designs. Various coins minted in Bactria and based on a Sasanian designs are known, often with busts imitating Sasanian kings Shapur II (r.309 to 379 CE) and Shapur III (r.383 to 388 CE), adding the Alchon Tamgha and the name "Alchono" in Bactrian script on the obverse, and with attendants to a fire altar on the reverse.

Death and succession
Shapur later died in 379, and was succeeded by his slightly younger brother Ardashir II, who agreed to rule till Shapur's son, Shapur III reached adulthood. By Shapur's death the Sasanian Empire was stronger than ever before, considerably larger than when he came to the throne, the eastern and western enemies were pacified and Persia had gained control over Armenia. He is regarded as one of the most important Sassanian kings along with Shapur I and Khosrow I, and could after a long period of instability regain the old strength of the Empire. His three successors, however, were less successful than he. Furthermore, his death marked the start of a 125-year-long conflict between the wuzurgan, a powerful group of nobility, and the kings, who both struggled for power over Iran.

Relations with the Christians

Shapur II was not initially hostile to his Christian subjects, who were led by Shemon Bar Sabbae, the Patriarch of the Church of the East. However, the conversion of Constantine the Great to Christianity gave Shapur distrust towards his Christian subjects, whom he considered as agents of the foreign enemy. The war between the Sasanian and Roman empires changed Shapur's mistrust into hostility. After the death of Constantine, Shapur II, who had been preparing for war for several years, imposed a double tax on his Christian subjects in his empire to finance the conflict. Shemon, however, refused to pay double tax. Shapur then gave Shemon and his clergy a last chance to convert to Zoroastrianism, which they refused to do. It was during this period the "cycle of the martyrs" began during which "many thousands of Christians" were put to death. The two successors of Shemon, Shahdost and Barba'shmin, were also martyred the following years.

A near-contemporary 5th century Christian work, the Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen, contains considerable detail on the Persian Christians martyred under Shapur II. Sozomen estimates the total number of Christians killed as follows:

Imperial beliefs and numismatics

According to Ammianus Marcellinus, Shapur II fought the Romans in order to "re-conquer what had belonged to his ancestor". It is not known who Shapur II thought his ancestor was, probably the Achaemenids or the legendary Kayanian dynasty. During the reign of Shapur II, the title of "the divine Mazda-worshipping, king of kings of the Iranians, whose image/seed is from the gods" disappears from the coins that were minted. He was also the last Sasanian king to claim lineage from the gods.

Under Shapur II, coins were minted in copper, silver and gold, however, a great amount of the copper coins were made on Roman planchet, which is most likely from the riches that the Sasanians took from the Romans. The weight of the coins also changed from 7.20 g to 4.20 g.

Constructions
Besides the construction of the war-i tāzigān near al-Hira, Shapur II is also known to have created several other cities. He created a royal city called Eranshahr-Shapur, where he settled Roman prisoners of war. He also rebuilt and repopulated Nisibis in 363 with people from Istakhr and Spahan. In Asoristan, he founded Wuzurg-Shapur ("Great Shapur"), a city on the west side of the Tigris. He also rebuilt Susa after having destroyed it when suppressing a revolt, renaming it Eran-Khwarrah-Shapur ("Iran's glory [built by] Shapur").

Contributions
Under Shapur II's reign the collection of the Avesta was completed, heresy and apostasy punished, and the Christians persecuted (see Abdecalas, Acepsimas of Hnaita and Aba of Kashkar). This was a reaction against the Christianization of the Roman Empire by Constantine.

Religious beliefs
According to Armenian and primary sources, the Sasanian shahs revered the sun and the moon, with Roman sources stating that Shapur II asserted to be the "brother of the Sun and the Moon" (Latin: frater Solis et Lunae). This is however not mentioend in Sasanian sources, which implies that there are two possibilities; one that it is regarding about the angelic divinity Mithra, whilst the other one being that it may be an Indo-Iranian characteristic where the shahs considered their ancestors descendants of Manuchehr (Indic Manu) and his father Wiwahvant (Indic Vivasvant), who were in India associated with the Moon and the Sun.

Shapur's own religious beliefs doesn't seem to have been very strict; he restored the family cult of Anahita in Istakhr and was possibly an adherant of Zurvanism as well as promoting the official orthodox variant of Zoroastrianism.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Ancient works
Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae.

Modern works

Langer, William L. (editor and compiler), An Encyclopedia Of World History, (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1952)

Category:Shapur II
Category:309 births
Category:379 deaths
Category:Ancient child rulers
Category:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
Category:4th-century Sasanian monarchs
Category:People from Firuzabad, Fars
Category:Shahnameh characters
Category:Julian's Persian War


Mike Smith (basketball, born 1963)

Mikel Smith Gibbs (born 10 September 1963) is a retired American-Spanish professional basketball player.

College career
Born in New York City, Smith played college basketball for USC–Spartanburg, beginning in 1982.

Professional career
Smith played for twelve years in Spain, notably for Joventut Badalona and Real Madrid. He was the Spanish League's Finals MVP in 1992. With Joventut Badalona, he won the EuroLeague championship of the 1993–94 season, by winning the 1994 EuroLeague Final Four.

Spain national team
Smith naturalized during his professional basketball play in Spain, and he played internationally for the senior Spain national team at two EuroBasket tournaments, 1995 and 1997.

External links
Mike Smith in USCS Hall of Fame
ACB.com Profile

Category:Living people
Category:1963 births
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Spain
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Basketball players from New York (state)
Category:Joventut Badalona players
Category:Liga ACB players
Category:Naturalised citizens of Spain
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:Real Betis Baloncesto players
Category:Real Madrid Baloncesto players
Category:Spanish men's basketball players
Category:Spanish people of American descent
Category:Sportspeople from New York City
Category:USC Upstate Spartans men's basketball players


Yangos

Yangos is a quartet of instrumental music formed in 2005. Integrated for the following musicians: César Casara, Cristiano Klein, Rafael Scopel and Tomás Savaris, it has a strong influence of contemporary Latin American and regional music. it has a strong influence of contemporary Latin American and regional music. The quartet is known for spreading regional Gaucho music in a contemporary way.

Established in the Serra Gaúcha in South of Brazil, it brought instrumental music from Rio Grande do Sul to all of Brazil and also to Latin America through live shows and TV programs. In Brazil, Yangos has already released five albums in CD and one in DVD, they are: Tangos y Milongas (2009), À Pampas (2013), Pampa: Pátria de Todos (2016), recorded in partnership with Argentine singer Dante Ramon Ledesma, Chamamé (2017) and Brasil Sim Senhor (2018). The album Chamamé was nominated in the Best Album category for Roots Music at Latin Grammy Award 2017 in Las Vegas, United States. In 2018 it was selected for FIMPRO-2018 in Guadalajara, Mexico, one of the biggest music fairs in Latin America.

The actual work Brasil Sim Senhor was released by the label Natura Musical: Brasil, Sim Senhor!. The album reflects the band experience playing in several stages throughout in Brazil and in different countries of America. It is a result of the mixture of sounds coming from southern Brazil; from the heat of a tropical country, and from the cultural plurality acquired in international experiences.

Among the influences of the Yangos Instrumental Quartet, one can cite  Astor Piazzolla with a new tango, Richard Galliano changing the French traditional music to the new musette, Lucio Yanel who introduced Chamamé in Rio Grande do Sul, Raul Barboza and Nini Flores who plays the Chamamé to the whole world.

Discography
Yangos has released four studio albums and one live album as recorded CD and DVD, all with independent labels:

Studio albums

 Tangos y Milongas (2009)
 Às Pampas (2013)
 Chamamé (2016)
 Brasil, Sim Senhor (2018)

Live albums

 Pampa: Pátria de Todos (2016) live in Caxias do Sul with Dante Ramon Ledesma

Live DVD

 Pampa: Pátria de Todos (2016) live in Caxias do Sul with Dante Ramon Ledesma

Awards and nominations
Yangos received three nominations in the Açorianos Prize of Music in 2016:

 Best Regional Album;
 Best DVD;
 Best Regional Interpreter (winner).

It has also received a nomination at the 18th Annual Latin GRAMMY Awards:

 Best Brazilian Roots Album.

References

Category:Musical groups established in 2005
Category:Brazilian instrumental musical groups


Julius Körner

Julius Körner (22 December 1870 – 19 November 1954) was a German rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was part of the German boat Favorite Hammonia, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours final A.

External links

Category:1870 births
Category:1954 deaths
Category:Olympic rowers of Germany
Category:Rowers at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Category:Olympic medalists in rowing
Category:German male rowers
Category:Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics


Defence (1735 EIC ship)

Defence was launched in 1735 at Deptford. She made three voyages to India, the Red Sea, and China for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1736 and 1743 before she was sold out of the EIC's service

Career
1st EIC voyage (1736–1837): Captain James Montgomery sailed from the Downs on 6 February 1736, bound for Madras, Bengal, and Bombay. Defence reached Madras on 26 July. She was at Fulta and by 22 October at Ingeli. On 23 November she was at Anjengo. She reached Cochin on 27 November and Tellicherry on 4 December, and arrived at Bombay on 24 December. Homeward bound, she was at Cochin again on 10 February 1837 and Anjengo on 13 February. She reached St Helena on 3 Juen and arrived back at the Downs on 22 August.

On this voyage Montgomery at some point unexpectedly found himself close to Ceylon. Defence struck three times on the south end of the bank near Batacalo, but quickly got into deep water.

2nd EIC voyage (1738–1740): Captain Thomas Coates sailed from the Downs on 8 November 1738, bound for Mokha and Bombay. Defence reached the Cape of Good Hope on 25 January 1739 and arrived at Mokha on 15 April. On 6 August she arrived at Bombay. Homeward-bound, she was at Tellicherry on 17 September, Cochin on 23 September, Anjengo on 5 October, and the Cape on 5 January 1740. She reached St Helena on 27 January, and arrived back at the Downs on 16 September.

3rd EIC voyage (1742–1743): Captain Coates sailed from the Downs on 9 February 1742, bound for China. Defence reached the Whampoa Anchorage on 13 July. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 25 January 1743, reached St Helena on 1 May, and arrived back at the Downs on 6 August.

Fate
Defence was sold out of the EIC's service in 1743.

Notes, citations, and references
Notes

Citations

References

Wright, Gabriel, and William Herbert (1804) A New Nautical Directory for the East-India and China Navigation ... (W. Gilbert).

Category:1730s ships
Category:Ships of the British East India Company


Jan I the Scholastic

Jan I the Scholastic (; 1308/10 – 1372 before 29 September), was a Duke of Oświęcim from 1324 until his death.

He was the eldest child and only son of Duke Władysław of Oświęcim by his wife Euphrosyne, daughter of Duke Boleslaus II of Masovia.

Life
Despite the fact that he was the only heir of his father, Jan was destined since his childhood for a church career. On 15 December 1321 he received the title of Scholastic in Kraków.

After Władysław's death in 1324, Jan succeeded him in Oświęcim and in consequence was forced to leave his spiritual career. During the first year of his reign (1324–1325), he was placed under the regency of his mother, the Dowager Duchess Euphrosyne, who remained involved in the government of the Duchy until her death, in 1329.

Even after he left his Church career, Jan continued to receive the revenues generated from his former title of Scholastic in Kraków, which caused the intervention of Pope Gregory XI: Jan was forced to pay 5,000 fines and 500 florins as compensation for damages. The participation of troops who attacked the monasteries of Mogile and Rudy, both in Jan's territory, was not without significance.

In foreign policy, Jan became a faithful ally of the House of Luxembourg. On 24 February 1327, together with the other Piast Dukes, Jan paid homage to King John of Bohemia in Opawa. In 1336, Jan was forced to accept the annexation of the Duchy of Racibórz to the Přemyslid Duchy of Opawa.

In 1355 Jan participated in the Congress of Prague, where a dispute was resolved between the Dukes of Cieszyn and Oleśnica for the division of the Duchy of Bytom. The dispute was only resolved after Jan's mediation in 1369.

Jan died in 1372 (before 29 September) and was buried in the Dominican monastery in Oświęcim. His generosity to the Church was recognized by the Provincial Chapter of Płock in 1372, when prayers for the soul of the deceased Duke were ordered in the whole country.

Marriage and issue
The name of Jan's first wife was unknown. They had one son:
Jan II (b. ca. 1344/51 – d. 19 February 1376).

After 12 July 1359, Jan married secondly Salome (b. ca. 1345/50 – d. aft. 9 November 1400), daughter of Henry II Reuss, Vogt of Plauen. They had no children.

References

Category:14th-century births
Category:1372 deaths
Category:Piast dynasty


Haliburton

Haliburton or Halliburton may refer to:

Places
Haliburton County, Ontario, a county in Canada
Dysart et al, Ontario, a municipality including the town of Haliburton

Companies
Halliburton, an oilfield services company based in the US and in the United Arab Emirates
Haliburton Broadcasting Group, a Canadian chain of radio stations
Zero Halliburton, a briefcase brand

People
Lord Haliburton of Dirleton, an extinct Lordship of Parliament in the Peerage of Scotland
Arthur Haliburton, 1st Baron Haliburton (1832–1907), a British civil servant
Brenton Halliburton (1774–1860), second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia
Erle P. Halliburton (1892–1957), founder of the oil and luggage companies
George Haliburton (1616–1665), Bishop of Dunkeld
George Haliburton (1635–1715), Bishop of Aberdeen
James Burton (1761–1837), British property developer, formerly "James Haliburton", and his descendants
James Haliburton (1788–1862), later changed to James Burton, British Egyptologist
Jeff Halliburton (born 1949), American basketball player
Mariotta Haliburton, Lady Home, 16th-century Scottish noblewoman
Richard Halliburton (1900–1939), American writer and adventurer
Thomas Chandler Haliburton (1796–1865), a Canadian writer, lawyer, and businessman; MP in both Nova Scotia and England
Walter de Haliburton, 1st Lord Haliburton of Dirleton, 15th-century Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
William Hersey Otis Haliburton (1767–1829), lawyer, judge, and political figure in Nova Scotia

See also
Halyburton (disambiguation), an alternate spelling


John Buchanan (oil executive)

Sir John Gordon St Clair Buchanan (9 June 1943 – 13 July 2015) was a New Zealand-born scientist and director.

Buchanan was born in Auckland in 1943 and grew up in Papatoetoe. He received his education at Auckland Grammar School and at the University of Auckland (BSc, MSc, PhD in Chemistry), and at Oxford and Harvard Universities.

Buchanan joined oil and petrol company BP in 1970, where he progressed through the ranks and eventually was appointed by John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley as the group's top finance executive, which caused surprise given that his background is in science and not in accountancy. He retired from BP in 2002, as the company has a strict retirement policy set at 60 years. For the next 12 years, Buchanan was with BHP Billiton, where he was an independent director (1 February 2003 to July 2015). He was a director of Alliance Boots (December 1997 to 2003). He was deputy chairman of Vodafone (25 July 2006 to 24 July 2012). He was a director of ARM Holdings (3 May 2012 until 1 May 2014). He was a director of AstraZeneca (25 April 2002 to 29 April 2010).

Buchanan became chairman of Smith & Nephew in April 2006 and remained in that position until his death. He was chairman of the UK chapter of the International Cricket Council from May 2008 until his death. Following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, he was founding chairman of the Christchurch Earthquake Appeal Trust UK that he set up with the help of the New Zealand High Commission in London.

In the 2012 New Year Honours, Buchanan was knighted for or services to industry. Buchanan had cancer since about 2011. He became unwell in late 2014 and relinquished some of his roles.

Buchanan died on 13 July 2015 and was survived by his wife, his son, and his daughter.

References

Category:1943 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:People from Auckland
Category:People educated at Auckland Grammar School
Category:University of Auckland alumni
Category:Knights Bachelor
Category:New Zealand knights


Fireworks, Should We See It from the Side or the Bottom?

Fireworks, Should We See It from the Side or the Bottom? may refer to:

 Fireworks, Should We See It from the Side or the Bottom? (1993 film), a Japanese television film by writer/director Shunji Iwai and shown on Fuji TV
 Fireworks, Should We See It from the Side or the Bottom? (2017 film), a 2017 Japanese anime film based on the television film


Faulkton, South Dakota

Faulkton is a city in and county seat of Faulk County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 736 at the 2010 census. The city's nickname is "The Carousel City".

History
Faulkton was platted in 1886. It was named for Andrew Jackson Faulk, the third Governor of Dakota Territory. The city was incorporated in 1886.

Geography
Faulkton is located at  (45.033209, -99.128067).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 736 people, 355 households, and 182 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 418 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.1% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 355 households of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.7% were non-families. 45.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 29% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.74.

The median age in the city was 53.4 years. 18.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.1% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 34.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 43.8% male and 56.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 785 people, 369 households, and 208 families residing in the city. The population density was 749.4 people per square mile (288.7/km²). There were 413 housing units at an average density of 394.3 per square mile (151.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.62% White, and 0.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.13% of the population.

There were 369 households out of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. 42.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 26.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the city, the population was spread out with 18.9% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 19.1% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 35.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,853, and the median income for a family was $37,750. Males had a median income of $27,344 versus $16,538 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,504. About 2.4% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 Joseph H. Bottum, 27th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota and a member of the United States Senate; born in Faulkton.
 John Pickler- United States House of Representatives from South Dakota and South Dakota's First Congressman; resident of Faulkton.
 Frank M. Byrne- eighth Governor of South Dakota; resident of Faulkton.
 Jarvis Webster Brown, attorney at law, state House of Representatives, states attorney Faulk county.
 Heinrich von Bühl, German U-boat commander during World War I.
 Verne Hansen, former multi-term mayor, businessman, founder of Faulkton Area Medical Center.
 Cecil E. Harris, United States Navy aviator

See also
 List of cities in South Dakota

References

External links

 City-Data.com
 ePodunk: Profile for Faulkton, South Dakota, SD

Category:Cities in South Dakota
Category:Cities in Faulk County, South Dakota
Category:County seats in South Dakota


Tarap (film)

Tarap is a 2006 Pakistani Urdu film directed by Sangeeta. The film was a flop in Lahore, but successful in Karachi. It was shot in Dubai and Lahore. It is known for its popular soundtrack.

Release
The film was released on  24 October 2006 (Pakistan), Eid-ul-Fittar. This is a big-budget film (by local standards at least) shot in beautiful locations in both Dubai and Pakistan. It was a hit, but flopped in Lahore. The film was hyped enough by local media due to its budget.
and co-producer was M.Asif from London.

Trivia
With Tarap, Sangeeta seems determined not to repeat past mistakes. "It is a family-oriented film with a strong social message. If it fails, I will be forced to reconsider making Punjabi action movies once again," she said.

Cast
 Resham
 Saud
 Nadeem
 Sheeba Bhagri
 Babrak Shah
 Laila
 Imran Khan
 Imran
 Urooj
 Raheela Agha
 Raja Haidar
 Sher Khan

Soundtrack
The music is composed by Wajid Ali Nashad and the film song lyrics were by Ahmad Anees.

 "Ishq Khana Khrab" - Babul Supriyo & Shreya Ghoshal (6:47)
 "Teri Yaad" - Sadhana Sargam (5:44)
 "Aap Say Tum Huai" - Alka Yagnik & Kumar Sanu (5:05)
 "Mujhay Pyar Ka Nasha" - Shaan (6:14)
 "Badal Do Badal Do" Sadhana Sargam & Shreya Ghoshal (5:42)
 "Do Honthon Ki Piyas" - Alka Yagnik (5:49)
 "Tun Hoon Main Janiaan" - Kumar Sanu & Shreya Ghoshal (5:15)
 "Teri Yaad" - Kumar Sanu (5:44)

References

External links
 , Retrieved 5 Nov 2016

Category:Urdu-language films
Category:Pakistani films
Category:2006 films
Category:Films directed by Sangeeta


Androscoggin County, Maine

Androscoggin County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 107,702. Its county seat is Auburn.

Androscoggin County comprises the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area and is partially included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. It is also a part of the Portland-Lewiston-South Portland, Maine Combined Statistical Area.

Bates College is in the Androscoggin County city of Lewiston.

History
Demand for a new county emerged when the residents of the rapidly growing town of Lewiston complained of the long distance they had to travel to reach Wiscasset, the county seat of Lincoln County, in which Lewiston was originally located. It was also an impractical circumstance as Lewiston's neighbor, Auburn, was part of Cumberland County. As the growing partnership of the two towns emerged, the case for the towns to be in the same county grew. Different plans were discussed, including Lewiston joining Cumberland County. Eventually, the idea of a new county came to the table. The debate then became over which town would be the center of the new county. Bath, Brunswick, and Lewiston each desired the distinction. Lewiston eventually won the debate. Androscoggin County was created in 1854 from towns originally in Cumberland County, Lincoln County, Kennebec County, and Oxford County.

The next issue centered on where to put the county seat, as both Lewiston and Auburn desired to be named the county seat. It would eventually be put to a vote, with both towns putting different offers on the table, including ideas to cut the costs of the new county buildings for surrounding towns. Auburn would eventually win a convincing victory, with the towns on each side of the river voting for the town on their side. As more people then lived to the west of the Androscoggin River, Auburn won the vote.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (5.9%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Maine by total area

Adjacent counties
Franklin County – north
Kennebec County – northeast
Sagadahoc County – southeast
Cumberland County – south
Oxford County – west

Demographics

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 103,793 people, 42,028 households, and 27,192 families living in the county.  The population density was 221 people per square mile (85/km²).  There were 45,960 housing units at an average density of 98 per square mile (38/km²).  The racial makeup of the county was 96.98% White, 0.66% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races.  0.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.5% were of French Canadian, 19.4% French, 14.3% English, 9.7% United States or American and 8.4% Irish ancestry. 9.6% of the population speak French and 1.5% of the population speak Spanish at home.

There were 42,028 households out of which 30.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.60% were married couples living together, 10.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.30% were non-families. 28.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the county, the population was spread out with 23.90% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.40% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.30 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,793, and the median income for a family was $44,082. Males had a median income of $31,622 versus $22,366 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,734.  About 7.50% of families and 11.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.80% of those under age 18 and 11.00% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 107,702 people, 44,315 households, and 28,045 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 49,090 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 92.8% white, 3.6% black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.4% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.5% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 21.2% were English, 20.5% were French Canadian, 20.1% were French, 15.5% were Irish, 8.1% were German, and 5.0% were American.

Of the 44,315 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.7% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 39.8 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,470 and the median income for a family was $55,045. Males had a median income of $41,554 versus $31,852 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,752. About 9.7% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

Media

Newspapers
 The Sun Journal prints a daily newspaper in four different editions statewide. The Sun Journal was the recipient of the 2008 New England Daily Newspaper of the Year and the 2009 Maine Press Association Newspaper of the Year.

Politics

Presidential elections
In Presidential elections, Androscoggin County has been one of the most consistently, though not always the most strongly, Democratic counties in the state. It was the only county in Maine to be won by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and George McGovern in 1972. Jimmy Carter also carried the county twice. In 1984 and 1988, it went for Republican candidates Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, who also won the state of Maine. In 2016, it went for the Republican Donald Trump; whereas, the state was won by Democrat Hillary Clinton.

State politics

In 2012, the county voted 54% against Maine Question 1, 2012 – a measure to legalize same-sex marriage, but the referendum passed in the state by 53%.

County government
Androscoggin County is governed by an elected county commission consisting of seven members representing single-member districts. Currently, the county commissioners are:

Voter registration

Incorporated Towns and Cities
Auburn
Lewiston
Durham
Greene
Leeds
Lisbon
Livermore
Livermore Falls
Mechanic Falls
Minot
Poland
Sabattus
Turner
Wales

Census-designated places
Lisbon Falls

See also
Androscoggin Creature
Lisbon School Department
National Register of Historic Places listings in Androscoggin County, Maine

References

External links
Androscoggin County Chamber of Commerce
Maine Local Government – County of Androscoggin page

Category:Maine counties

Category:1854 establishments in Maine
Category:Populated places established in 1854


Ytre Arna Church

Ytre Arna Church () is a parish church in Bergen municipality in Vestland county, Norway.

The church is located in the village of Ytre Arna in the borough of Åsane. The church is part of the Ytre Arna parish in the Åsane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in 1899 by the architect Schak Bull. The church seats about 250 people. It was consecrated on 5 November 1899.

See also
List of churches in Bjørgvin

References

Category:Churches in Bergen


The Hoopers

THE HOOPERS (ザ・フーパーズ) are a Japanese pop group. They assume a tomboy style, inspired by the Takarazuka Revue. The group is under Universal Music Japan. Twelve out of five thousand participants were chosen through Fudanjuku's 'Next Generation Audition'. Seven of the chosen participants went on to form The Hoopers, and the remaining five formed AXELL. The Hoopers debuted on March 4, 2015 with 'Loving You' (イトシコイシ君恋シ）(Itoshi koishi kimi koishi). Their eighth member Cecil (who is also an Axell member) was introduced on their single 'Passionate Love' as a permanent member. Later in 2015 they held the Ikemen Audition, where they selected 6 people to become members of Little Hoop (they are described as apprentice members for The Hoopers). Lee of AXELL and Noa of little HOOP joined the group as new members on the 25 June 2017, and on the 28th of July The Hooper's released their new single 'Shamrock'.

History
 2013 Autumn -  2014 Winter, Fudanjuku announced an audition for their younger group. 12 people from among the 5,000 candidates were chosen. Seven among those became the members of The HOOPERS (and the remaining five became Axell ).
 May 2, 2014, they were first unveiled in the Internet TV "Ikesuta".
 March 4, 2015, Universal sigma released the 1st single "Itoshi Koishi Kimi Koishi," leading to them their major debut.
 April 2015, as a major debut the first month and simultaneously start two unusual crown program.
 July 6, 2015, Yuhi announced that she would rest for a while due to the poor physical condition (stress-induced gastroenteritis). Meanwhile, Axell member, Cecil will serve as the understudy.
 September 29, 2015, it was announced that they were to hold their first one-man LIVE in Amesuta's "Harajuku Kyun Kyun STATION of THE HOOPERS". In addition, the live will serve as Yuhi's return to the group.
 November 15, 2015, Nicofest held the first one-man live. Yuhi, who had been on hiatus from July, rejoined and performed with the group. Cecil also joined the group permanently, making the seven to an eight-member group. (Cecil is still in Axell)
 On May 4, 2017, members Yuhi and Mizuki officially graduated from the group
 June 24, 2017, Lee (AXELL) and Noa (little HOOP) joined as new members
July 28, 2017, The Hoopers release new single 'SHAMROCK'

Members

Graduated Members

Timeline

little HOOP

Discography
With ranking in the Oricon Singles Chart

Single

Album

Live events

Live

2014
 [11.2] "THE HOOPERS & AXELL no Raibu Hajime mashita Vol.1"

2015
 [2.22] "THE HOOPERS & AXELL no Raibu Hajime mashita Vol.2"Venue: Shibuya REX
 [5.5] "I started live THE HOOPERS & AXELL Vol.3"
 [11.15] "THE HOOPERS / first one-man LIVE !!"  (guest Axell )
 Part 1 "Yuhi Returns! "
 Part 2 "autumn of Kyun Kyun

2016
 [2.28] "THE HOOPERS one-man LIVE Vol.2"
 [3.27] "THE HOOPERS one-man LIVE Vol.3"
 [5.5] "THE HOOPERS one-man LIVE Vol.4"
 [6.12] "THE HOOPERS one-man LIVE Vol.5"
 [7.24] "Make Happy~ Mirai"
 [10.30] "1st ALBUM「FANTASIA」Release & Yume no Halloween Party"
 [11.23] "THE HOOPERSxSanrio Puroland Yume no Stage"
 [12.25] "THE HOOPERS no onagokai~ Christmas

2017
 [1.21] "Kamakura LOOP OPENING LIVE〜Mirai(THE HOOPERS)×TAMATE BOX〜"
 [3.18-19] "TOUR FANTASIA 2017"
 [6.24] "NEW POWER GENERATION"

Events

2015
 [3.23] "Spring of PON festival!"
 [5.9] "oricon Sound Blowin'2015 ~ spring ~"
 [5.23] "iPop Monthly Fes Vol.41"
 [5.23] "CBC Radio Summer Festival 2015"
 [8.8] "Kyun Fes"
 [8.22] "24-hour TV ~ Love Saves the Earth -"
 [12.31 - 2016.1.1] "Tokyo Joypolis Countdown Party 2016"

2016
 [2.11] "ch FILES St. Valentine Party"
 [4.29] " Nico Nico Choukaigi"
 [7.9] "ESP Gakuen presents COLOR 2016"
 [8.11] "Kyun Fes. 2016"
 [8.12] "HARAJUKU SUMMER PARTY"
 [8.25] "Mezamashi Raibu"
 [9.3] "East Asia Music Festival"
 [10.15] "109Night"
 [11.26, 11.27] "HYPER JAPAN" in London

Joint live/ events

2014
[5.18] "C/MENZ presents TOKYO Chenmen Collection 2014"
[8.2-3] " TOKYO IDOL FESTIVAL 2014 "

2015
 [5.30] "Minikore IKE-MENS COLLECTION vol.4 Special Edition"
 [6.11] "OTODAMA SEA STUDIO ~ KISS ME ON THE BEACH 2015~"
 [8.1-2] "TOKYO IDOL FESTIVAL 2015"
 [9.20] " Inazuma Rock Fes 2015 "
Mirai was absent due to poor health
 [10.24] "Banmon! Fes."
 [10.25] "CANDY PANTS 6th Anniversary !!"
 [11.3] "Nakano flow Idol Festival"
 [11.21] "Sora FES"
 [11.22]"JOL*fes"
 Performed twice, day and night
 [11.23]"click clap Party !!"
 Appeared at night

2016
[3.13] "DMM.yell Live 2016 in Shinjuku ReNY
[3.13] "FabFes. 2016 SPRING"
[4.24] "iCON DOLL LOUNGE"
 Mirai, Yuhi, and Haruki took part in the fashion show
[7.18] "OTODAMA SEA STUDIO 2016~Bachelor Beach Girl 2016' supported by movement~"
[7.30] "a-nation island &stadium fes.2016 powered by dTV"
[8.6] "TOKYO IDOL FESTIVAL 2016"
[8.31] Ikemen Semit 2016~SUMMER"
[9.25] @JAMxNatari EXPO 2016
[10.15] "Sports of Heart Music Fes 2016"
[10.23] "EXTENSION vo.2"

2017
 [1.5]"FLASH 3rd Supported by WEGO"

Cast

TV
 Fuji TV " time ~MUSIC HOUR~ of Music "(February 27, 2015)
Fuji TV " Myusata "(March 6, 2015)
Nippon Television " Music Dragon "(March 6, 2015)
TV Asahi " Onegai! Morning "(March 12, 2015) - Sena
TBS " Live B "(March 31, 2015)
 BS Fuji "THE HOOPERS no KyunKyun Sase Night" (April 5, 2015 - July 12)
Fuji TV TWO "HOOPERS TV" (April 12, 2015 - June 21, a total of six episodes)
Fuji TV "2020 Hanamaru Daikichi" (May 29, 2015)
NHK General " Masakame TV "(May 30, 2015, December 12) - Mizuki
NHK General " MUSIC JAPAN "(June 8, 2015)
Fuji TV " TOKYO IDOL TV "(November 19, 2015, December 3) - Sena
[2016.1.19]TV Tokyo "Doubutsu BANG!!" - Sena, Mizuki, Cecil
[2016.3.22]TOKYO MX "Otomono Gatari" - Sena, Mirai, Makoto
[2016.5.21]Tokyo MX "Otopoke POPS" - Sena, Mirai, Yuhi, Mizuki
[2016.12.5]Nihon Kai TV "Kimidake TV" - Regulars starting December 5

Network distribution
[2014.5.16- 12.5] ustream "THE HOOPERS&AXELL no mae hajime mashita"
[2015.1.14] Showroom"THE HOOPERS no ka Show kukai"
[2015.5.27] Nico Nico Live "Nicoraji!" - Mirai, Mizuki, Haruki
[2015.8.26] Nico Nico Live "Nicoraji!" - Mirai, Sena, Haruki, Cecil
[2015.9.5, 9.12] Showroom "Yokohama DeNA BayStars official game live coverage" - Makoto (Assistant)
[2015.9.15] Amesuta "Harajuku Kyun Kyun STATION of THE HOOPERS"
[2015.11.30] Amesuta "Harajuku Party 7" - Sena, Yuhi, Cecil
[2016.5.5] Nico Nico Live "Nishikawa takari no einomi"
[2015.5.6] Nico Nico Live "Nicoraji!" - Mirai, Mizuki
[2016.6]  Nico Nico Live "Nicoraji!" -Mizuki, Haruki (both Assistants)
-On the 10, Sena was filling in for Mizuki and on the 17th Cecil was filling for Haruki
[2016.10.16, 12.18]AbemaTV "Abema Entame Sunday"

Radio
 "All Night Nippon R of THE HOOPERS" ( Nippon Broadcasting System, May 30, 2015)

Other
Stage
 "Danganronpa THE STAGE 2016" (2016.6.16-7.16) - Chihiro（Mizuki）
Voice Acting
 Thousand Memories - Sena
 TO BE HERO - Shota (Sena)
Magazine
 KERA (January 2016 Issue) Haruki's Model debut
Held Kera Shop Tour around Nagoya, Kabe, Osaka on August 14, 2016

References

External links
 The Hoopers official website
 The hoopers profile on Universal Music Japan

Category:Universal Music Japan artists
Category:Japanese idol groups


Sant'Egidio in Borgo

The church of Sant'Egidio in Borgo, ...a Borgo, or ...in Vaticano (Saint Giles in Borgo or at the Vatican), is a Roman Catholic oratory in Vatican City dedicated to Saint Giles.

History
The name of this church appears for the first time in the documents of the thirteenth century, under the name  or  or . Pope Alexander III conceded the church to the Order of the Holy Sepulchre with the mission to restore the church and its hospital.

Pope Pius XI gave the church to the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary.

Notes

References

Category:Churches in Vatican City
Category:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Category:Franciscan Missionaries of Mary


Liaobu

Liaobu () is a town under the direct jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Dongguan, in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong province, China. The town is located to the east of downtown Dongguan and has an area of  and had a population of  as of the 2010 census.

External links

Category:Dongguan