Varga (astrology)

The term Varga (Sanskrit , 'set, division') in Indian astrology (Jyotisha) refers to the division of a zodiacal sign (rāśi) into parts. Each such fractional part of a sign, known as an , has a source of influence associated with it, so that these sources of influence come to be associated with collections of regions around the zodiac.

There are sixteen varga, or divisional, charts used in Jyotisha. These vargas form the basis of a unique system of finding the auspiciousness or inauspiciousness of planets.

Overview

Hindu astrology divides the zodiac into several types of segments; these subtle divisions or divisional charts are called Vargas and are said to be the various micro-zodiacs created within the natural macro-zodiac, the Horoscope.

The particular location of planets in the Varga charts materially influences the results of planets constituting a yoga. The two sets of vargas that are commonly used are – a) the Shadvarga i.e. the six-fold division of sign namely, the Rasi or sign, the Hora, the Drekkena or decanate, the Navamsa, the Dwadasamsa and the Trimsamsa, and b) the Saptavarga i.e. the seven-fold division, by tagging the Saptamsa to the Shadvargas. Some follow the Dasavargas or the ten-fold division, and in his Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra, Parasara speaks about the Shodasvarga or the sixteen-fold division of a rasi. Planets become more auspicious if they are in same zodiac sign in shodasa varga or 16 divisional charts. Accordingly, the status thus acquired by planets stands graded for easy identification etc. When a planet acquires two out of sixteen such  vargas(divisional charts) or divisions then it is known to have gained the status called the Parijatamsa or Bhedakamsa, when three vargas are gained then the Uttamamsa or Kusumamsa or Vyanjanamsa, four – the Gopuramsa or Naagpushpamsa or Kimshukamsa or Chaamaramsa, five – the Simhasanamsa or Kundakamsa or Chhatramsa, six – the Parvatamsa or Keralamsa or Kundalamsa, seven – the Devalokamsa or Kalpavrkshamsa or Mukatamsa, eight – the Kumkumamsa or Brahmalokamsa or Chandanvanamsa, nine – the Iravatamsa or Poornachandramsa, ten – the Vyshnavamsa or Shridham or Ucchaishrvamsa, eleven – the Saivamsa Dhanvantriamsa, twelve – the Bhaswadamsa or Suryakantamsa, thirteen – the Vaisheshikamsa or Vidrumamsa, fourteen – the Indrasanamsa, fifteen – the Golokamsa, and sixteen – the Shrivallabhamsa (Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra Slokas 42-51) (Sarvartha Chintamani St.32-35).

Divisional charts
The Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra defines sixteen divisional schemes, each named according to the denominator of the fraction specific to the division. Thus, the integral fraction is division by 1, which yields, trivially, 12 regions of the zodiac corresponding to the 12 signs themselves: perforce this varga scheme is named rāśi. Similarly, a divisor of 2 defines 24 regions; the name horā, derived from the word अहो-रात्र (aho-rātra) meaning day-night by removing the first अ (a) and last sounds त्र (tra) {Reference: Saravali by Kalyanaverma (Sanskrit Classic)}, is etymologically related to the analogous 24 hours in a day. The divisor of 3 defining 36 regions, named drekkana, is similarly related to the Decans of Chaldean horology.

Four other vargas are attributed to Jaimini:

Besides Rāshi (D-1), Navamsha (D-9), Drekana (D-3), Dasamsa (D-10), Trimsamsa (D-30) and Sashtiamsa (D-60) are considered significant divisional charts.

Implication

A planet situated in any one rasi i.e. sign, by itself constitutes a yoga or an ava-yoga owing to the relationship it establishes with the rasi-lord and other bhava-lords with reference to the Lagna and each other, but its mere occupation need not necessarily produce the results assigned for its such occupation. No planet acts alone, it becomes an active participant by having established an unavoidable relationship with one or more other planets; its assigned results are influenced by the rasi and the vargas gained, that is, according to the varga-wise status gained by it and the associating planets. The failure of the yogas to give the expected results can also be due to the varga-wise weak status of the dispositors of the yoga-forming planets rather than the weakness of these planets. The Sun situated in the 9th house from the lagna but not in an inimical sign or navamsa gives wealth, sons, friends and piety even though it makes one antagonistic towards father and wife and not experience happiness. However, the Sun as the lagna-lord exalted in the 9th makes the person and his father fortunate, have many brothers and friends, intelligent, adept, influential and renowned; in case the exalted Sun in the 9th is in its own navamsa or in vargottama but aspected by a friendly planet, he will enjoy Raja yoga.

Janardan Harji in his Mansagari states that if at the time of birth any planet occupies a friendly sign or its own sign or is in its exaltation sign in a trikonabhava (trine) then that planet having gained many favourable vargas gives its assigned good results in full. One such planet makes one wealthy, and two adept, successful and renowned. In the section devoted to arishtas and arishtabhanga of Chapter IV he reiterates that if at birth a strong (varga-wise) Mercury or Venus or Jupiter is situated in a kendrasthana from the lagna even if combined with an evil planet, it will single-handedly soon destroy all arishtas, and that the Moon situated in the 8th house from the lagna in a drekkena owned by Jupiter, Venus or Mercury will confer a long lease of life.

Parasara states that the Moon in mutual aspect with Venus gives rise to Raja yoga; the person born with the Moon in Vargottma navamsa or in Goparamsa aspected by all strong planets will be a ruler even if lowly-born, three planets aspecting such Moon will make a person born in a royal family a king. A Raja yoga arises if the birth ascendant or hora-lagna or ghati-lagna is occupied by one or more planets occupying their exaltation, own or moola-trikona rasi, navamsa or drekkena; a person will certainly become a ruler if the concerned lagna equipped with unobstructed argala is occupied by Jupiter, Venus or the Moon (Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra XXXV.14-16, 37). If the lord of a kendrasthana and a trikonabhava combining having gained favourable vargas give rise to Raja yoga; having gained Uttamamsa they will make a person a very wealthy ruler, if in Gopuramsa that person will be honoured by other rulers and if in Simhasanamsa the person will be a great ever-victorious ruling a large kingdom (Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra XXXVI.18-20).

Venkatesa in his Sarvartha Chintamani (Slokas I.29 & 112) explains that planets occupying the cruel Shashtiamsas (1/60th division of a sign) produce evil results, planets in good Shashtiamsas, and which planets are also occupying good vargas or divisions become powerful to confer good results and that planets in exaltation, in friendly signs, own navamsas, own rasis, drekkenas, shodasmsas and trimsamsas possess Sthanabala and exercise the most favourable influence.

References

See also

Category:Technical factors of Hindu astrology


Portland Buckaroos

The Portland Buckaroos was the name of several professional ice hockey teams based in Portland, Oregon.

PCHL/NWHL era (1928–1941)
The first incarnation of Portland Buckaroos played their home games at the Portland Ice Arena. The Buckaroos initially played in the four-team Pacific Coast Hockey League (PCHL) from 1928 to 1931. The PCHL folded in 1931, and in 1933, the Buckaroos joined the new North West Hockey League. In 1936, the Buckaroos rejoined the reconstituted four-team PCHL, and won league championships in 1937 and 1939.

With the onset of World War II, the PCHL folded again in 1941. In 1944, it was again resurrected, but this time, Portland's team was the Portland Eagles (known as the Portland Penguins for one season).

WHL/WIHL era (1960–1975)
In 1960, Portland was granted a franchise in the minor league Western Hockey League (WHL) for its newly built 10,500 seat Memorial Coliseum, and the Buckaroos name was reincarnated. The new Buckaroos were composed mostly of players and coaches from the New Westminster Royals, including its head coach Hal Laycoe. The Buckaroos went on to beat the Seattle Totems in the league championship and win the Lester Patrick Cup in its first season of existence.
That 1960–61 Buckaroos team was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.

The Buckaroos won another league championship under Laycoe in 1964–65, and a third in 1970–71 under coach and former team captain Gord Fashoway. In the early '70s, the Buckaroos served as a minor league affiliate for a variety of National Hockey League teams, most notably, the 2011-12 champion Los Angeles Kings.

In 1974, the WHL folded and the Buckaroos moved to the semi-pro Western International Hockey League for the 1974–75 season, and to the startup Northwest Hockey League the next year, but that league did not last a full season.

Notable Buckaroos
An incomplete list of noted Buckaroos players:

PCHL/NWHL era
Andy Aitkenhead (goalie; 1987 Oregon Sports Hall of Fame inductee)

WHL era
Marv Edwards (WHL Outstanding Goaltender Award winner)
Gord Fashoway (1960–61 team captain; 1960–61 Fred Hume Cup for sportsmanship winner; coach from 1969–1973)
Don Head (1960–61 WHL Rookie of the Year; three-time Outstanding Goaltender Award winner; 1993 Oregon Sports Hall of Fame inductee)
Andy Hebenton (five-time Fred Hume Cup for sportsmanship winner)
Art Jones (two-time George Leader Cup for most valuable player; six-time Leading Scorer Award winner; 1984 Oregon Sports Hall of Fame inductee)
Dave Kelly (1963–64 WHL Rookie of the Year; two-time WHL Outstanding Goaltender Award winner)
Connie Madigan (Hal Laycoe Cup for outstanding WHL defenseman winner)
Jimmy McLeod (four-time WHL Outstanding Goaltender Award winner)
Doug Messier (father of NHL Hall of Famer Mark Messier)
Cliff Schmautz (1965–66 Leading Scorer Award winner)
Pat Stapleton (Hal Laycoe Cup for outstanding WHL defenseman winner)

References

External links
Portland Buckaroo Players from 1962-1974
Portland Buckaroos & Western Hockey League History and Memorabilia
Unofficial Homepage of the Old Portland Buckaroos
The Internet Hockey Database
History of North American Hockey Leagues

Category:Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Category:Defunct sports teams in Oregon
Buckaroos
Category:Western International Hockey League teams
Category:Ice hockey teams in Oregon
Category:1960 establishments in Oregon
Category:1974 disestablishments in Oregon
Category:Western Hockey League (1952–1974) teams
Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 1960
Category:Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 1974


Here Comes That Sound Again

Here Comes That Sound Again is a 1979 disco single by Love De-Luxe, a dance studio group formed by British producer, Alan Hawkshaw. Vicki Brown and Jo-Ann Stone were the lead vocalists on the single.
The single hit number one on the dance charts in the middle of 1979, for one week. The single did not cross over to any other chart and Love De-Luxe had no other charted singles in the United States. However, elements from the song were used for the intro to the Sugarhill Gang's hit single "Rapper's Delight".

The song’s chorus would later be sampled in another Billboard Dance Club Songs number one single, "That Sound" by Pump Friction, in 1997.

Chart performance

References

Category:1979 singles
Category:1979 songs
Category:Billboard Dance Club Songs number-one singles
Category:Disco songs
Category:Songs about dancing
Category:Warner Records singles


Aishwarya Pissay

Aishwarya Pissay (born 14 August 1995) is an Indian circuit and off-road motorcycle racer. She has become the first-ever Indian athlete to win a world title in motorsport on motorcycles. The TVS talent  participated at the FIM Bajas World Cup and secured the 1st place in the women's category and 2nd in the junior's category. She is the first Indian woman to win 6 National titles in Circuit Racing and Rally Championship combined. She found her passion in racing as she turned 18, while taking small road trips around her home town of Bengaluru, consequently learning how to master the art of riding a bike. This hobby grew into a profession as she won 4 National titles in Road Racing and Rally Championship in 2016 and 2017 and competed in the National Rally Championship in 2018, winning it as well. She also became the first Indian woman to compete in the Baja Aragon World Rally in Spain held in 2018.

Career

2016
Aishwarya graduated from Apex Racing Academy and won the Honda One Make Championship. She secured 5th position in the Dakshin Dare and 2nd place in the Asia Road Racing cup. She also went on to win the 2016 Indian National Rally Championship.

2017
Aishwarya won the CEAT Sprint Rally and she also graduated from the Apex Racing Academy in 2016 and California Superbike School in 2017. She won the Indian National Road Racing Championship and the Indian National Rally Championship in the same year. Aishwarya secured 3rd place in Dakshin Dare Group - B and finished 4th in the Raid De Himalaya and was the only female rider to complete the course in the “Xtreme” category. Aishwarya also won the TVS one-make Road Racing championship in 2017, making this her 4th national championship overall. TVS Racing signed Aishwarya Pissay on board as a factory racer in the same year.

2018
In 2018, she won the Indian National Rally Championship and competed in the Baja Aragon rally, where she crashed on the final day of the event forcing her to retire from the event.

Awards
Aishwarya received the TiE Young Achiever of the Year award in 2016 and also received the Outstanding Women in Motorsports Award by FMSCI in 2016. She received the Outstanding Women in Motorsports Award by FMSCI for the 2nd consecutive year in 2017 and also the Sports Women of the Year Award by Autotruck Magazine.

References

Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Bangalore


Bhairavasana

Bhairavasana () or formidable pose, sometimes called Supta Bhairavasana (सुप्त भैरवासन), is a reclining asana in hatha yoga; the variation Kala Bhairavasana (काला भैरवासन) has the body balanced on the straight leg and one arm, as in Vasiṣṭhāsana. Bhairava is one of the eight aspects of the god Shiva. The pose has also been called Aṇkuśāsana (अण्कुशआसन), the elephant goad pose.

Etymology and origins

The name comes from the Sanskrit words Kala (काला) meaning "dark, black"; Bhairava (भैरव) meaning "terrible, formidable", the name of one of the incarnations of Shiva, the Hindu god described as destroyer and transformer; and Asana (आसन, āsana) meaning "posture" or "seat". Supta (सुप्त) means supine or reclining.

The pose is illustrated in the 19th century Sritattvanidhi under the name Aṇkuśāsana (अण्कुशआसन), from Sanskrit अण्कुश, an elephant goad.

Description
The pose is a reclining posture with one leg stretched straight out, and the foot of the other leg behind the neck. The hands are held in prayer position in front of the chest. In the variant pose Kala Bhairavasana, the arm on the side with the bent leg is held out straight, supporting the body, while the arm on the side with the straight leg is held out, straight up.

Variations

Chakorasana, from Sanskrit चकोर Chakora, a partridge, is a raised version of the same pose. The foot of the extended leg is flat on the ground; the hand on the bent-leg side is stretched straight out (in line with the shoulders) supporting the body with the palm on the ground; the other hand is stretched straight up.

See also
 Durvasasana, a standing form of the pose

References

Category:Reclining asanas
Category:Asymmetric asanas


List of women's road bicycle races

This is a list of women's road cycling races. The list only includes the most important women's road races, and no track, mountain or cyclo-cross races.

Championships
 UCI Road World Championships: road race, time trial, team time trial
 African Cycling Championships: road race, time trial
 Asian Cycling Championships: road race, time trial
 European Road Championships (U23): road race, time trial
 Oceanian Cycling Championships: road race, time trial
 Pan American Championships: road race, time trial
 National Championships: road race, time trial

UCI Women's WorldTour
This series replaced the UCI Women's Road World Cup in 2016. Unlike its predecessor, it also features stage races.

Current WorldTour races

Historical overview of World Cup races (1998-2015)

One-day races (below WorldTour)

Current races

Non-UCI races
Netherlands
 Acht van Chaam, professional criterium
 Draai van de Kaai, professional criterium
 Gouden Pijl, professional criterium
 Grand Prix Leende, part of the Dutch National Time Trial competition (Dutch: KNWU tijdritcompetitie)
 Omloop van Borsele Time Trial, part of the Dutch National Time Trial competition (Dutch: KNWU tijdritcompetitie)
 Parel van de Veluwe
 Profronde van Almelo, professional criterium
 Profronde van Oostvoorne, professional criterium
 Profronde van Stiphout, professional criterium
 Profronde van Tiel, professional criterium

Defunct races

(year is last edition)
Women's Challenge  (2002)
Tour of Chongming Island Time Trial  (2009)

Stage races (below WorldTour)

Current races

Defunct races

(year is last edition)
Le Tour du Grand Montréal  (2009)
La Grande Boucle Féminine  (2009)
Tour de Snowy  (2002)
Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin (2010)
RaboSter Zeeuwsche Eilanden (Cat. 2.2) (2012)

References

Events
Bicycle


Acacia pachypoda

Acacia pachypoda is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is native to an area in the eastern Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia.

The spreading and prickly shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from August to September and produces cream-yellow flowers.

See also
List of Acacia species

References

pachypoda
Category:Flora of Western Australia


Baltimore Philatelic Society

The Baltimore Philatelic Society (B.P.S.) is one of the oldest philatelic societies in the United States, established in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1889.  A history of the Baltimore Society was written by Herbert A. Trenchard.

Current location
The society was located for over sixty years in its own building, a historic luxurious 1870's era townhouse at 1224 North Calvert Street in Baltimore, Maryland, which was purchased in 1961, which was later named "The Horace W. Harrison Philatelic Center". After many decades in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood, north of downtown, in July 2012, the Philatelic Society was relocated to suburban Howard County, Maryland near the historic county seat of Ellicott City, to 3440 Ellicott Center Drive, .

Membership is open to all persons interested in stamp collecting, world and American postal history, and the local aspects of same.

Publications
The Society’s official journal is the "Baltimore Philatelist" which was first published in 1936. The "B.P." journal contains current news of the Society, a calendar of philatelic events, and articles related to postage stamps and postal history, especially with any connections to the city and state which may be submitted by members and non-members.

BALPEX
The Society holds an annual stamp exhibition called "BALPEX" ("Baltimore Philatelic Exhibition") which began in the 1930s and usually held in a historic downtown hotel such as the Hotel Belvedere on East Chase Street off North Charles Street, the Lord Baltimore Hotel on West Baltimore and North Hanover Streets, or the old Southern Hotel at Light Street and Redwood Streets. Recently for the last few decades it has been held at the Hunt Valley Inn, in Hunt Valley, off the Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway (Interstate 83) several miles north of the City in suburban Baltimore County, north of the county seat of Towson, near Cockeysville-Timonium

Philatelic library
The Baltimore Philatelic Society houses a philatelic library whose books included many donated by local leading philatelists and associated friends, including H. L. Lindquist, Solomon Glass and George Townsend Turner. The B.P.S. Library also houses the libraries of the associated Germany Philatelic Society and the Society for Czechoslovak Philately.

See also
 Philately

References

Category:Philatelic organizations based in the United States
Category:Philatelic literature
Category:Organizations based in Baltimore


Rank-maximal allocation

Rank-maximal (RM) allocation is a rule for fair division of indivisible items. Suppose we have to allocate some items among people. Each person can rank the items from best to worst. The RM rule says that we have to give as many people as possible their best (#1) item. Subject to that, we have to give as many people as possible their next-best (#2) item, and so on.

In the special case in which each person should receive a single item (for example, when the "items" are tasks and each task has to be done by a single person), the problem is called rank-maximal matching or greedy matching.

The idea is similar to that of utilitarian cake-cutting, where the goal is to maximize the sum of utilities of all participants. However, the utilitarian rule works with cardinal (numeric) utility functions, while the RM rule works with ordinal utilities (rankings).

Definition
There are several items and several agents. Each agent has a total order on the items. Agents can be indifferent between some items; for each agent, we can partition the items to equivalence classes that contain items of the same rank. For example, If Alice's preference-relation is   x > y,z > w,  it means that Alice's 1st choice is x, which is better for her than all other items; Alice's 2nd choice is y and z, which are equally good in her eyes but not as good as x; and Alice's 3rd choice is w, which she considers worse than all other items.

For every allocation of items to the agents, we construct its rank-vector as follows. Element #1 in the vector is the total number of items that are 1st-choice for their owners; Element #2 is the total number of items that are 2nd-choice for their owners; and so on.

A rank-maximal allocation is one in which the rank-vector is maximum (in lexicographic order).

Example
Three items, x y and z, have to be divided among three agents whose rankings are:

 Alice: x > y > z
 Bob:  x > y > z
 Carl:  y > x > z

In the allocation (x, y, z), Alice gets are 1st choice (x), Bob gets his 2nd choice (y), and Carl gets his 3rd choice (z). The rank-vector is thus (1,1,1).

In the allocation (x,z,y), both Alice and Carl get their 1st choice and Bob gets his 3rd choice. The rank-vector is thus (2,0,1), which is lexicographically higher than (1,1,1) – it gives more people their 1st choice.

It is easy to check that no allocation produces a lexicographically-higher rank-vector. Hence, the allocation (x,z,y) is rank-maximal. Similarly, the allocation (z,x,y) is rank-maximal – it produces the same rank-vector (2,0,1).

Algorithms
RM matchings were first studied by Robert Irving, who called them greedy matchings. He presented an algorithm that finds an RM matching in time , where n is the number of agents and c is the largest length of a preference-list of an agent.

Later, an improved algorithm was found, which runs in time , where m is the total length of all preference-lists (total number of edges in the graph), and C is the maximal rank of an item used in an RM matching (i.e., the maximal number of non-zero elements in an optimal rank vector).

A different solution, using maximum-weight matchings, attains a similar run-time - .

Variants
The problem has several variants.

1. In maximum-cardinality RM matching, the goal is to find, among all different RM matchings, the one with the maximum number of matchings.

2. In fair matching, the goal is to find a maximum-cardinality matching such that the minimum number of edges of rank r are used, given that - the minimum number of edges of rank r−1 are used, and so on.

Both maximum-cardinality RM matching and fair matching can be found by reduction to maximum-weight matching.

3. In the capacitated RM matching problem, each agent has an upper capacity denoting an upper bound on the total number of items he should get. Each item has an upper quota denoting an upper bound on the number of different agents it can be allocated to. It was first studied by Melhorn and Michail, who gave an algorithm with run-time .  There is an improved algorithm with run-time , where B is the minimum of the sum-of-quotas of the agents and the sum-of-quotas of the items. It is based on an extension of the Gallai–Edmonds decomposition to multi-edge matchings.

See also

Fair item assignment
Stable matching
Envy-free matching

References

Category:Fair division


Erythroneurini

Erythroneurini is a leafhopper tribe in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, with over 180 genera.

Genera
Aaka
- Accacidia
- Ahmedra
- Aidola
- Aisa
- Ajika
- Alnetoidia
- Amazygina
- Ambara
- Andrabia
- Anufrievia
- Anzygina
- Arboridia
- Arbosiria
- Asianidia
- Assina
- Aylala
- Aztegina
- Bakera
- Bakshia
- Balanda
- Barinaga
- Baya
- Bengueta
- Cassianeura
- Cerkira
- Cerneura
- Chagria
- Chikava
- Chujophila
- Ciudadrea
- Coganoa
- Coloana
- Cubnara
- Damaniana
- Davmata
- Diomma
- Dorycnia
- Duanjina
- Elbelus
- Eldama
- Empoascanara
- Erasmoneura
- Eratoneura
- Eryascara
- Erythridula
- Erythroneura
- Frutioidia
- Gambialoa
- Gindara
- Gladkara
- Goska
- Gredzinskiya
- Hajra
- Hamagina
- Harmata
- Hauptidia
- Helionidia
- Hepneriana
- Hepzygina
- Hymetta
- Ifeneura
- Illinigina
- Imbecilla
- Imugina
- Iseza
- Ivorycoasta
- Jalalia
- Jotwa
- Kabakra
- Kadrabia
- Kapsa
- Kaukania
- Keuria
- Koperta
- Kropka
- Kusala
- Kwempia
- Lamtoana
- Lankama
- Lectotypella
- Leuconeura
- Lichtrea
- Lisciasta
- Lublinia
- Luvanda
- Makia
- Mandola
- Mangganeura
- Matsumurina
- Meremra
- Mexigina
- Mfutila
- Mitjaevia
- Mizeria
- Molopopterus
- Motaga
- Musbrnoia
- Nababia
- Nandara
- Napogina
- Negoneura
- Nelionidia
- Neoimbecilla
- Neolokia
- Neozygina
- Ngoma
- Ngombela
- Ngunga
- Niedoida
- Nitta
- Nkaanga
- Nkonba
- Nkumba
- Nsanga
- Nsesa
- Nsimbala
- Ntanga
- Ntotila
- Nzinga
- Olszewskia
- Ossuaria
- Otbatara
- Parathaia
- Pasara
- Penangiana
- Perugina
- Pettya
- Plumosa
- Proskura
- Pseudothaia
- Punctigerella
- Qadria
- Raabeina
- Ramania
- Ranbara
- Ratburella
- Ratjalia
- Ratsiraka
- Rhusia
- Rolwalia
- Rossmoneura
- Rufitidia
- Sajda
- Salka
- Sanatana
- Sandanella
- Sempia
- Seriana
- Singapora
- Sirosoma
- Ska
- Spinigina
- Stehliksia
- Szymczakowskia
- Takama
- Tamaricella
- Tautoneura
- Thaia
- Thailus
- Thaiora
- Thapaia
- Thecana
- Theroniana
- Toroa
- Tuzinka
- Urmila
- Vermara
- Vrba
- Watara
- Witera
- Yakuza
- Yeia
- Zadra
- Zanjoneura
- Ziczacella
- Zinga
- Zygina
- Zyginama
- Zyginidia
- Zyginopsis

References

External links

Category:Typhlocybinae
Category:Hemiptera tribes


Carolyn Halpern

Carolyn Tucker Halpern is an American developmental psychologist and Professor in the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, where she is Chair of the Department of Maternal and Child Health. She is also the deputy director of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

References

External links

Faculty page
Curriculum Vitae

Category:Living people
Category:Developmental psychologists
Category:American women psychologists
Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
Category:University of Houston alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)

Jacques d'Amboise (born July 28, 1934) is an American danseur and choreographer.

Biography

D'Amboise was born as Joseph Jacques Ahearn in Dedham, Massachusetts. His father was Irish American while his mother was of French Canadian ancestry. According to D'Amboise, his mother Georgette D'Amboise convinced his father in 1946 to change his and their children's surname (Ahearn) to her surname (D'Amboise) because it was "aristocratic, French and a better name". This also included taking French first names, and thus he took his middle name "Jacques" instead of "Joseph". He was a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet, where ballets were created especially for him by choreographer George Balanchine. D'Amboise also choreographed for the New York City Ballet.

As well as ballets, d'Amboise danced in films, including Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, where he played the part of Ephraim, one of the brothers—and Carousel (1956), where he danced the ballet role of the Starlight Carnival barker, in which he partnered Susan Luckey in Louise's Ballet and the Disney movie Offbeat (1986), built around a dance class he taught to New York City police.

D'Amboise founded National Dance Institute in 1976, which has been teaching school children how to dance for the past 40 years. The NDI program often combines music and art with studies of other cultures, histories, and literature, offering a unique and comprehensive performing arts experience, while fostering curiosity and a sense of achievement. The documentary film about Jacques d'Amboise and National Dance Institute, He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin', won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1983 and an Emmy Award in 1984 for Best Children's Programming.

In 1999, for the National Dance Institute Step-by-Step program, he hiked the Appalachian Trail with his son George to fulfill his dream of back-packing the entire trail and to raise money for arts education.

D'Amboise has received many honors and awards, including a 1990 MacArthur Fellowship, a 1995 Kennedy Center Honors Award, a 1998 National Medal of the Arts, a New York Governor's Award and an honorary doctorate degree from Boston College and several others. The last honorary doctorate he received was Montclair State University in May 2012. He has also received many other awards and honors for his contribution to the arts and dance education, such as the 7th Annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities. D'Amboise was named as one of The New Jewish Home's Eight Over Eighty Gala 2016 honorees.

He earned a D.F.A. from Bates College in 1978. D'Amboise was an early Dean of the Conservatory of Dance at the State University of New York at Purchase and a full-time faculty member.

Family
D'Amboise married Carolyn George, a photographer and former ballerina, on New Year's Day 1956. They have four children, including ballet dancer/choreographer Christopher d'Amboise and dancer Charlotte d'Amboise. He is the father-in-law of Charlotte's husband Terrence Mann and Christopher's wife Kelly Crandall. Carolyn George died on February 10, 2009, aged 81.

References

9. D'Amboise, Jacques. I Was a Dancer (Knopf: 2011). Autobiography. 464 pages.
10. Jacques D'Amboise. Portrait of a Great American Dancer (Video Artists: 2006). DVD. 85 minutes.

External links
 National Dance Institute

Jacques d'Amboise at the-ballet.com
Jacques d'Amboise - Infoplease Encyclopedia
Jacques d'Amboise and Tanaquil Le Clercq performing Afternoon of a Faun - Pas de Deux (1953) for "PBS American Masters" on www.pbs.org
 Jacques d'Amboise with Suzanne Farrell dancing Meditation and Jacques d'Amboise with Melissa Hayden dancing Grand Pas De Deux as choreographed by George Balanchine in the film USA Dance: New York City Ballet (1965) on archive.org

Category:American male ballet dancers
Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients
Category:MacArthur Fellows
Category:Male actors from Massachusetts
Category:Kennedy Center honorees
Category:Artists from Dedham, Massachusetts
Category:New York City Ballet principal dancers
Category:1934 births
Category:Living people
Jacques d'Amboise

Category:School of American Ballet alumni


John Darley

John Darley is the name of:

John Darley (bishop) - was a 19th-century Irish Anglican Bishop
John Darley (politician) - is an Australian politician
John G. Darley  (1910-1990) - was an American social psychologist at the University of Minnesota. He is the father of John M. Darley.
John M. Darley (b. 1938) - is an American social psychologist at Princeton University. He is the son of John G. Darley


Leonard George (student athlete)

Leonard George was the first African-American player and football scholarship at the University of Florida. He was signed in 1968, ten years after the school was integrated in 1958.

George went to Jesuit High School in Tampa, Florida. He signed to an athletic scholarship on December 17, 1968. He was a halfback. The following day Willie Jackson of Sarasota, Florida was also signed. Both players became varsity in their second year at the school and started most games over the rest of their careers as UF.

George was the first black player to score a touchdown on Alabama in Tuscaloosa. He became a defensive back his junior and senior years.

The student athletes remained at the university after a  1971 protest by the Black Student Union leading to the arrest of 66 students charges being filed against them. One third of black students and several black faculty members to left the University of Florida following the events. Don Gaffney became UF's first black quarterback in 1973.

References

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:American football defensive backs
Category:American football halfbacks
Category:Florida Gators football players
Category:Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida
Category:Players of American football from Florida
Category:African-American players of American football
Category:Jesuit High School (Tampa) alumni


Australian Outback Spectacular

The Australian Outback Spectacular is an Australiana dinner and show package featuring many Australian animals, songs and bush tucker. The show is located between Warner Bros. Movie World and Wet'n'Wild Water World at Oxenford on the Gold Coast.

See also

Village Roadshow Theme Parks

References

External links

Category:Village Roadshow Theme Parks
Category:Tourist attractions on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Category:Dinner theatre
Category:Australian-themed retailers
Category:Theme restaurants
Category:Restaurants in Queensland
Category:Horse showing and exhibition
Category:Australian outback


Ernst Schnabel

Ernst Schnabel (September 26, 1913 – January 25, 1986) was a German writer and pioneer of the radio documentary (feature). From 1951 to 1955 he was director of the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR).

In 1947 and 1950 Schnabel "called on listeners to the North-West German radio station (NWDR) to cooperate in his features. His success points to a potential for further work in this sphere that has scarcely been tapped since then: 35,000 and 80,000 listeners respectively took part, with experiences, notes and references, in Schnabel's broadcasts, which in this way became their own."

His first feature was Der 29. Januar 1947 (1947), issued as audiobook in 1988. The oratorio Das Floß der Medusa (The Raft of the Medusa) by the German composer Hans Werner Henze is based on Schnabel's libretto.

Works
 Anne Frank: A Portrait in Courage. New York 1958.
 Story for Icarus. Projects, incidents, and conclusions from the life of D., engineer.  New York 1961.

Selected filmography
Screenwriter
 In Those Days (1947)

Further reading
 Helmut Kopetzky: Ernst Schnabel - Ein Mann im Wettlauf mit der Zeit. MDR 2003.
 Wolfram Wessels: Leben gegen den Strom. Ernst Schnabel - der Schriftsteller im Rundfunkalltag. SWF 1987.
 Wolfram Wessels: Ernst Schnabel; in: Reinhold Viehoff / Jörg Hucklenbroich (Hg): Schriftsteller und Rundfunk; UVK, 2002; S.99-122 (German)

References

External links

 tumblr dedicated to Ernst Schnabel

Category:1913 births
Category:1986 deaths
Category:20th-century German novelists
Category:German male novelists
Category:Members of the Academy of the Arts, Berlin
Category:20th-century German male writers


Podoliacanthus

Podoliacanthus is an extinct genus of Acanthodii ("spiky sharks") which existed in what is now Greenland and Ukraine during the early Devonian period. It was described by Victor Voichyshyn and Hubert Szaniawski in 2012, and the type species is Podoliacanthus zychi. It also contains three presently undescribed species.

References

Category:Acanthodii genera
Category:Early Devonian fish
Category:Devonian acanthodians
Category:Fossils of Greenland
Category:Fossil taxa of Europe


Promise Ring (song)

Promise Ring is the debut single by R&B singer Tiffany Evans from her self-titled debut album. It features Ciara. The song was produced by Mr. Collipark and The Clutch. It was officially released to iTunes on May 29, 2007. Once released, the song began to receive airplay on mainstream radio stations. It is Evans' most successful single to date.

Music video
The music video for Promise Ring mainly features Tiffany Evans dancing along with Ciara in the background. In the beginning, Evans is seen checking her MySpace page at her house with a television screen showing Ciara. Afterwards, Tiffany Evans does a dance routine ending with a guy putting a "Promise Ring" necklace around her neck.

Track listing
US Vinyl, 12"
A1 Promise Ring [Radio Version] 3:57 Featuring Ciara
A2 Promise Ring [Instrumental] 4:27
B1 Promise Ring [Album Version] 4:27 Featuring Ciara
B2 Promise Ring [A Capella] 4:26 Featuring Ciara

Chart positions

References

Category:2007 singles
Category:Ciara songs
Category:Songs written by Ciara
Category:Tiffany Evans songs
Category:2007 songs
Category:Columbia Records singles
Category:Songs written by Ezekiel Lewis
Category:Songs written by Balewa Muhammad
Category:Songs written by Candice Nelson (songwriter)
Category:Songs written by Mr. Collipark


2013 African U-20 Championship

The 2013 African U-20 Championship officially known as the Orange African U-20 Championship, Algeria 2013 was the 19th edition of the African U-20 Championship. The competition was held in Algeria in the cities of Oran and Aïn Témouchent from March 16 to 30 March 2013. The semifinalists will participate in 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

Qualification

Qualified teams

Squads

Venues
In March 2012, the Algerian Football Federation announced that Algiers and Oran were the two candidate cities to host the competition. In May, Algiers was initially chosen as the host city of the competition. However, in August, the Algerian Football Federation announced that Oran and Aïn Témouchent would replace Algiers as the host cities, due to the lack of available stadiums in the latter city.

Draw
The draw for the tournament was held on 9 December 2012 in Cairo, Egypt.

Officials

Referees
Bamlack Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia)
Maguette N'Diaye (Senegal)
Youssef Essrayri (Tunisia)
Bernard Camille (Seychelles)
Hudu Munyemana (Rwanda)
Reinhold Shikongo (Namibia)
Juste Zio (Burkina Faso)
Thierry Nkurunziza (Burundi)
Mehdi Abid Charef (Algeria)
Denis Dembele (Ivory Coast)

Reserve referees
Achille Madila (DR Congo)
Bakary Camara (Gambia)

Assistant referees
Peter Sabatia (Kenya)
El Hadji Malick Samba (Senegal)
Balkrishna Bootun (Mauritius)
Anouar Hmila (Tunisia)
Jerson dos Santos (Angola)
Moussa Bayere (Ivory Coast)
Arsenio Marengula (Mozambique)
Yacine Hassan Egueh (Djibouti)
Mohamed Bechirene (Algeria)
Issa Yaya (Chad)
Sidiki Sidibe (Guinea)
Berhe Tesfargiorgh (Eritrea)
Seydou Tiama (Burkina Faso)
Elvis Guy Noupue Nguegoue (Cameroon)

Reserve assistant referees
Kindie Mussie (Ethiopia)
Yahaya Mahamadou (Niger)

Group stage

Tiebreakers
Greater number of points obtained in the matches between the concerned teams
Best goal difference resulting from the matches between the concerned teams
Greatest number of goals scored in the matches between the concerned teams
Goal difference in all group matches
Greatest number of goals scored in all group matches
Fair Play point system in which the number of yellow and red cards are evaluated
Drawing of lots by CAF Organising Committee

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage

Semi-finals
Originally the games were scheduled to kick-off at 17:30 and 20:30. However CAF made changes on the 10 March so that both matches started at 17:00.

Third place match

Final

Winners

Player Awards

Top goalscorer:  Aminu Umar
Fair player of the tournament:  Francis Narh
Player of the tournament:  Saleh Gomaa

Team of the tournament

Starting Eleven
 Mossad Awad
 Ahmed Samir
 Boubacar Diarra
 Ramy Rabia
 Lawrence Lartey
 Abdul Jeleel Ajagun
 Derrick Mensah
 Saleh Gomaa
 Kahraba
 Zinedine Ferhat
 Ebenezer Assifuah

Substitutes
 Eric Ofori Antwi
 Tiékoro Keita
 Francis Narh
 Didier Ibrahim Ndong
 Emomo Eddy Ngoyi
 Mohammed Goyi Aliyu
 David Djigla
 Hossam Mohammed Ghaly

Goal scorers
4 goals
 Aminu Umar

3 goals

 Ebenezer Assifuah
 Kahraba

2 goals

 Saleh Gomaa
 Adama Niane
 Abdul Jeleel Ajagun

1 goal

 Seidu Salifu
 Jeremiah Arkorful
 Mahmoud Hamad
 Ramy Rabia
 Samba Diallo
 Tiékoro Keita
 Ebenezer Ofori
 Emomo Eddy Ngoyi

Countries to participate in 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup
The top four teams qualified for 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup:

See also
 2012 Accra Three Nations Cup - exhibition competition in preparation of the Championship

References

External links
2013 African U-20 Championship

2013
Youth
African Youth Championship
African Youth Championship
Category:2013 in youth association football


Énri Ó Connmhaigh

Énri Ó Connmhaigh, Bishop of Clonfert and Bishop of Kilmacduagh, fl. 1405.

Bishop Ó Connmhaigh was one of at least two bearers of the surname (now rendered as Conway to hold this office. He was succeeded by a Seaán Ó Connmhaigh, who became bishop in 1441. An apparent kinsman, Máel Muire Ó Connaig, who held the office from  may have been a relative who bore an earlier version of the surname.

Ó Connmhaigh, originally bishop of Clonfert, was  translated from that diocese to Kilmacduagh on 11 March 1405. He succeeded Gregorius Ó Leaáin, whose office was vacant from his death in 1397 until Énri was appointed in 1405. He in turn was succeeded at some unknown date by Dionysius (died 1410).

See also
Catholic Church in Ireland

References

 The Surnames of Ireland, Edward MacLysaght, 1978.
 A New History of Ireland: Volume IX – Maps, Genealogies, Lists, ed. T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin, F.J. Byrne, pp. 322–324.

External links
 http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005C/
 http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/surname/index.cfm?fuseaction=Go.&UserID=

Category:People from County Galway
Category:Medieval Gaels from Ireland
Category:15th-century Irish people
Category:Irish Roman Catholic bishops


Tiago Azevedo

Tiago Azevedo (born April 9, 1985) is a Portuguese painter, part of the Lowbrow (or Pop Surrealist) art movement.

Early life
Tiago Azevedo was born on Terceira Island on April 9, 1985, but was raised in Coimbra and Lisbon, Portugal. He graduated in architecture in 2009, at the Lusíada University, and worked in Porto, before moving to Munich, Germany in 2014, where he worked as an architect, collaborating in prestigious projects  such as the restoration of the Hotel Bayerischer Hof, Munich. Upon moving to Germany, Azevedo started dedicating more time to painting, rising to prominence because of his combined use of classical techniques with contemporary concepts, part of the Lowbrow art movement.

Career

Exhibitions and major projects (2015–present)
Azevedo's debut exhibition was in Paris in 2015.
Due to massive critical reception, Azevedo was invited to exhibit pieces of his first collection "Fairy Tales" in New York and Cannes on the following year.
Azevedo returned to New York on the same year to exhibit his first oil paintings from his second collection "Religion".

YouTube career
Azevedo is one of the most popular YouTube painters. His first video was in September 2006, but it wasn't until February 2015 that he started to gain massive popularity. He began his YouTube channel in order to help artists escape the idea of the starving artist with which he does not identify himself. Along with a series of motivational videos, Tiago has created a web series about art history. Amongst his most popular videos are the biographies of Frida Kahlo and Titian. He also posts painting tutorials.

Books and other projects
In November 2017, Azevedo published his first book, which condensed details of the oil paintings from his first collection along with the original version of the Grimms' Fairy Tales.

References

External links

Tiago Azevedo's YouTube Home Page

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Contemporary painters
Category:21st-century Portuguese painters


Minayev

Minayev or Minaev is a Russian male surname, its feminine counterpart is Minayeva or Minaeva. It may refer to
Aleksandr Minayev (disambiguation), several people
Dmitry Minayev (1835—1889), Russian poet, satirist, journalist, translator and literary critic
Ivan Minayev (1840–1890), the first Russian Indologist
Yevgeny Minayev (1933–1993), Russian weightlifter
Irina Osipova (later Minayeva, born 1981), Russian basketball player


Josie

Josie may refer to:

People:
 Josie (name), various people and fictional characters with the given name
 Edith Josie (1921-2000), Canadian writer and newspaper columnist
 Peter Josie, Saint Lucia politician

In music:
 Josie Records, a record label
 "Josie" (Blink-182 song), a 1998 single
 "Josie" (Donovan song), a 1966 single
 "Josie" (Steely Dan song), a song on the 1977 album Aja and 1978 single

Other uses:
 Josie Township, Holt County, Nebraska
 Josie, a 1991 TV series starring Josie Lawrence
 Josie (film), a 2018 thriller film starring Dylan McDermott

See also
 Josephine (disambiguation)
 Josey (disambiguation)


Carrigafoyle

Carrigafoyle may refer to:

 Carrigafoyle, Wellington
 Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle


Initiation (Course of Empire album)

Initiation is the second full-length album by American industrial, post-punk band Course of Empire. All songs were written by Course of Empire and production by David Castell.

While many CDs of the same era contained a hidden track after the finish of the listed tracks, usually preceded by a span silence, Course of Empire and David Castell managed to fit three on Initiation. "Running Man" was hidden in the pregap of the CD, which nearly caused legal action when another producer/engineer claimed that he had patented the use of the pregap for audio information. The "Darwin Goodwin Mix" of the song "Infested" was hidden after "The Chihuahuaphile" (which was track 23 -the number of  The Illuminati, after a cross fade that counted up the tracks between it and "Initiation"). And "Tomorrow" was buried inside the feedback noise of "The Gate" and only able to be heard if the stereo track was played over a Mono Music system.

Track listing
pregap = "Running Man" – 6:49
"Hiss" – 4:34
"White Vision Blowout" – 3:58
"Gear" – 3:14
"Breed" – 4:38
"Apparition" – 5:05
"Infested!" – 6:19
"Invertebrate" – 4:11
"Sacrifice" – 3:51
"Minions" – 7:59
"Initiation" – 6:46

12–22 = either:
a) The Gate which is a long guitar feedback soundscape, (in stereo speakers)
or
b) ''Tomorrow" which is an acoustic number (heard via mono speakers only)

"The Chihuahuaphile" – 4:21

Category:1994 albums
Category:Zoo Entertainment (record label) albums
Category:Albums produced by David Castell


Lee Slater Overman

Lee Slater Overman (January 3, 1854December 12, 1930) was a Democratic U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between 1903 and 1930. He was the first US Senator to be elected by popular vote in the state, as the legislature had appointed senators prior to passage of the 17th Amendment to the US Constitution authorizing popular elections of senators. He served as a senator until 1930 when he died when he was two years into his fifth term.

Early life and education
Overman was born in Salisbury, N.C., the son of William H. and Mary E. Slater Overman. He attended Trinity College (now Duke University), Class of 1874, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. After he graduated from Trinity College, he taught at Winston-Salem School for two years and then finally earned a Master of Arts from Trinity College.

Career
He became very close with Zebulon Baird Vance, who was a leading opponent of Reconstruction in the State of North Carolina. He became one of his personal secretaries when Vance was elected governor, which led him into his life in politics.
Overman became involved in politics and was first elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives.

In 1914, Overman became the first U.S. Senator from North Carolina to be elected by popular vote, after passage of the 17th Amendment to the Constitution in 1913 standardized popular election of senators. This was the beginning of his time when he was elected for a second term after his first term of six years had expired. In 1902 and 1909, Overman had been appointed to the Senate seat by the state legislature. The biggest reforms that Overman was in favor of were corporate interests and labor reform. Overman’s economic policies made him lean toward the progressive side.

After the war the senator was active in the investigation of German and Bolshevik propaganda and played a role in bringing on the first Red Scare that plagued American politics in 1919 and 1920. This was after the first World War when many innocent men and women were being called in and taken away from their jobs and lives and brought in for questioning and even jailed at some points. He wanted to keep the Red Scare contained so people would not catch wind of it and live in fear. He wrote and sponsored the Overman Act of 1918, which gave President Woodrow Wilson extraordinary powers to coordinate government agencies in wartime. Overman chaired a Senate committee after World War I to investigate activities during the first Red Scare, which many see as a precursor to the House Un-American Activities Committee.

In 1922, Overman was one of the leaders of a 1-hour, 45 minute filibuster that helped defeat the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. In his lengthy speech, he said that the bill was a partisan attempt to solidify the Republican hold on the northern black vote, that the bill had been written by a black person, and that ignorant black people in the South would interpret the bill as permission to "commit the foulest of outrages."

Overman Committee

Overman chaired the Overman Committee, a subcommittee that investigated foreign propaganda and Bolshevism in the United States during the first Red Scare from 1919 to 1921.He was chosen to head the commission called the Overman Committee by President Woodrow Wilson. After the war the senator was active in the investigation of German and Bolshevik propaganda and played a role in bringing on the so-called Red Scare that plagued American politics in 1919 and 1920 (Beaver).

See also

List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

Further reading

External links

Category:1854 births
Category:1930 deaths
Category:Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Category:United States senators from North Carolina
Category:Duke University alumni
Category:North Carolina Democrats
Category:Anti-communism in the United States
Category:Democratic Party United States senators
Category:American anti-communists
Category:People from Salisbury, North Carolina


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

The 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Wexford were the champions.

Results

Leinster

Kilkenny refused to take the field for the second half in protest at rough play by the Wexford team. Wexford were awarded the Leinster title.

Munster

All-Ireland Final

Championship statistics

Miscellaneous
 Wexford win their first of both All Ireland and Leinster titles.
 Connacht and Ulster counties withdraw until 1899.

References

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship


Yesenia Miranda

Yesenia Miranda (born March 26, 1994) is a Salvadoran racewalker. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women's 20 kilometres walk but did not finish the race.

References

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Salvadoran female racewalkers
Category:Olympic athletes of El Salvador
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics


Tom Cafego

Thomas Cafego (August 21, 1911 – October 29, 1961) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the St. Louis Browns in 1937.

References

External links

Category:1911 births
Category:1961 deaths
Category:Major League Baseball outfielders
Category:St. Louis Browns players
Category:Baseball players from West Virginia


Estonian Afghanistan Contingent

The Estonian Afghanistan Contingent or (simply Afghanistan Contingent) was a joint military force of the Estonian Defence Forces deployed mainly in the southern region of Afghanistan, Helmand province in Now Zad area.

Current deployments

This the order of battle of the known units that are operating within the Estonian Afghanistan Contingent:
 ESTCOY-14 infantry company
 NSE-13 logistical unit
 CPT diplomatic unit
 CST air-field unit
 Artillery battalion mortar unit

History
Estonia has participated in Afghanistan since March 2003 under the NATO mission International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. The first Estonians to rotate in the country were an anti-landmine team in Kabul. In 2005 most of the Estonian units were relocated into northern Afghanistan in Mazar-e-Sharif province and in 2006 into the Helmand province in south Afghanistan.

Former deployments
This the order of battle of the known units that have operated within the Estonian Afghanistan Contingent:

 EODT-12 pioneer platoon
 EODT-11 pioneer platoon
 EODT-10 pioneer platoon
 EODT-9 pioneer platoon
 EODT-8 pioneer platoon
 EODT-7 pioneer platoon
 EODT-6 pioneer platoon
 EODT-5 pioneer platoon
 EODT-4 pioneer platoon
 EODT-3 pioneer platoon
 EODT-2 pioneer platoon
 EODT-1 pioneer platoon

 ESTCOY-14 infantry company: 2012
 ESTCOY-13 infantry company: 2012
 ESTCOY-12 infantry company: 2011
 ESTCOY-11 infantry company: 2011
 ESTCOY-10 infantry company: 2010
 ESTCOY-9 infantry company: 2010
 ESTCOY-8 infantry company: 2009
 ESTCOY-7 infantry company: 2009
 ESTCOY-E infantry company: 2009
 ESTCOY-6 infantry company: 2008
 ESTCOY-5 infantry company: 2008
 ESTCOY-4 infantry company: 2007
 ESTCOY-3 infantry company: 2007
 ESTCOY-2 infantry company: 2006
 ESTCOY-1 infantry company: 2006

 NSE-6
 NSE-5
 NSE-4
 NSE-3
 NSE-2
 NSE-1

See also
Estonian Iraqi Contingent
Estonian Kosovo Contingent
International Security Assistance Force
List of Estonian peacekeeping missions

References

Category:Military units and formations of Estonia
Category:International Security Assistance Force


Trapezoid E

Trapezoid E is an outdoor 1975 painted aluminum sculpture by Robert Maki, installed outside the Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. The abstract work measures  x  x . It was commissioned, and is maintained, by the General Services Administration's Art-in-Architecture Program.

See also
 1975 in art
 TriMet (sculpture), Portland, Oregon

References

Category:1975 establishments in Oregon
Category:1975 sculptures
Category:Abstract sculptures in Oregon
Category:Aluminum sculptures in Oregon
Category:Outdoor sculptures in Eugene, Oregon


John S. Lowe

John S. Lowe is the George W. Hutchison Professor of Energy Law and former Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the Southern Methodist University's Dedman School of Law. He specializes in energy law.

Biography
Lowe received his B.A. in 1963 from Denison University and his LL.B. in 1966 from Harvard University.  He was a Maxwell Fellow in Malawi from 1966 to 1969.

Lowe practiced law in Columbus, Ohio from 1970 to 1975.

He was assistant professor, and later associate professor, at the University of Toledo from 1975 to 1978.  He was professor and associate director of the National Energy Law and Policy Institute at the University of Tulsa, starting in 1978.  In 1987, he became professor at Southern Methodist University, where he has since taught courses on oil and gas law and oil and gas contract law.

He also has been a visiting professor at several universities around the world, including at the University of Texas, the University of Denver, the University of Dundee, the University of New Mexico, the University of Melbourne, the University of Sydney, and the University of Alberta.

Scholarly work and impact
Lowe's research has made a significant impact in energy law.  He is the author of Oil and Gas Law in a Nutshell (6th ed. 2014).  He is the co-author of three law school textbooks, International Petroleum Transactions (3d ed. Rocky Mt. Min. L. Fdn. 2010), Cases and Materials on Oil and Gas Law (6th ed. West 2013) and Hemingway's Hornbook on  Oil and Gas Law and Taxation (5th ed. West 2017).  He has written dozens of articles in scholarly journals, including the Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Institute.

Lowe has been President of the Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation and Chair of the American Bar Association's Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources.  He may be the only academic to have held both posts.

He holds a named-chair appointment at the Dedman School of Law at Southern Methodist University, a major institution of higher education and research. The SMU School of Law is consistently ranked in the 40-50 range for the nation's top law schools in the U.S. News & World Report.

References

External links
 Biography at the SMU website
 Biography at the RMMLF website

Category:Living people
Category:American legal scholars
Category:American lawyers
Category:People from Texas
Category:Harvard Law School alumni
Category:Denison University alumni
Category:University of Tulsa College of Law faculty
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Downtown Aurora Historic District

Downtown Aurora Historic District is a national historic district located at Aurora, Dearborn County, Indiana.  The district encompasses 272 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 3 contributing structures in the central business district of Aurora. The district developed between about 1830 and 1944, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Federal, and Greek Revival style architecture.  Located in the district are the separately listed Aurora City Hall, Aurora Methodist Episcopal Church, Aurora Public Library, First Evangelical United Church of Christ, First Presbyterian Church, George Street Bridge, Hillforest (Forest Hill), Lewis Hurlbert, Sr. House, Leive, Parks and Stapp Opera House, and George Sutton Medical Office.  Other notable buildings include the T. and J.W. Gaff Distillery (1843), First National Bank (1924), I.O.O.F. Hall (1887), B&O Railroad Station (1911-1917), John Neff Building, Chamber Stevens & Co. Dry Goods Store, U.S. Post Office (1935), Star Milling Co. (1891), and St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church (1874).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

References

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Category:Italianate architecture in Indiana
Category:Federal architecture in Indiana
Category:Greek Revival architecture in Indiana
Category:Historic districts in Dearborn County, Indiana
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Dearborn County, Indiana


The Lady of Shalott Looking at Lancelot

The Lady of Shalott looking at Lancelot is an oil-on-canvas painting by John William Waterhouse, completed in 1894.  It measures .  The artist presented it to Leeds Art Gallery in 1895.

It is the second of three major paintings by Waterhouse that depicts scenes from the Tennyson poem, "The Lady of Shalott", between the first - The Lady of Shalott - in 1888 and the third - I Am Half-Sick of Shadows, Said the Lady of Shalott - in 1915.

In Tennyson's poem, the Lady is confined to a tower on an island near Camelot, cursed not to leave the tower or look out of its windows.  She weaves a tapestry, viewing the outside world only through reflections in a mirror behind her.  The painting depicts the pivotal scene in the third part of the poem: the Lady spies "bold Sir Launcelot" in her mirror: the sight of the handsome knight and the sound of him singing draws her away from her loom to the window, golden yarn still clinging around her knees, bringing down the curse upon her as "the mirror crack'd from side to side".  She leaves the tower to take a boat across the river, but meets her death before she reaches Camelot.

The cracked mirror reveals part of the scene, echoing a device used in William Holman Hunt's 1853 painting The Awakening Conscience and also in Hunt's version of The Lady of Shalott (1882-1905).

The Victoria and Albert Museum holds Waterhouse's sketchbook with preliminary drawings for his 1888 and 1894 paintings of the Lady of Shalott.  A study is held by Falmouth Art Gallery.  An oil sketch for the painting was sold after his death in 1917 and disappeared.  It was rediscovered in 2003 in Iceland, having been bought in London by a fisherman many years before.  It was shown in a photograph of Waterhouse held by the National Portrait Gallery, and differs in some ways from the final painting, in which the lady wears a white dress: the dress is red in the sketch.  Waterhouse chose a red dress for his third painting of the Lady of Shalott, I Am Half-Sick of Shadows, Said the Lady of Shalott.  The sketch was sold in 2003.

References

 John William Waterhouse, The Lady of Shalott (c.1894), Leeds Art Gallery
 The Lady of Shalott, John William Waterhouse (1849–1917), ArtUK

Category:1894 paintings
Category:Adaptations of works by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Category:Arthurian paintings
Category:Paintings in Leeds
Category:Paintings by John William Waterhouse
Category:Women in art


Marcel Ruiz (actor)

Marcel Ruiz Pérez (born July 9, 2003) is a Puerto Rican actor, known for his roles as Alex Alvarez in the Netflix series One Day at a Time and John Smith in the 2019 film Breakthrough.

Career
Ruiz was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He began his career acting in commercials at an early age. He moved to Los Angeles at the age of nine. From 2017 to 2019, he starred in Netflix's reboot of One Day at a Time as the character Alex Alvarez. In 2019, he starred in Breakthrough, a drama film, portraying the role of John Smith. He loves playing sports like basketball and soccer .

Ruiz was named as one of the "10 Latinxs to Watch in 2019", by Variety Magazine.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Instagram @itsmarcelruiz
Twitter @themarcelruiz

Category:2003 births
Category:Living people
Category:Male actors from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Category:Puerto Rican male television actors
Category:Puerto Rican male film actors
Category:Male actors from Los Angeles


Empis nigritarsis

Empis nigritarsis is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is found in the  Palearctic .

References

Category:Empididae
Category:Asilomorph flies of Europe
Category:Insects described in 1804


NGC 985

NGC 985 is a ring galaxy in the constellation of Cetus. It is located about 550 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 985 is approximately 160,000 light years across. It was discovered by Francis Leavenworth in 1886. It is a type 1 Seyfert galaxy.

NGC 985 is characterised by its ring shape. It is believed it was formed as a result of a galaxy merger. Further evidence supporting this theory is the observation of a second nucleus in NGC 985. When observed in infrared light, a second nucleus was found 3.8 arcseconds northwest of the active nucleus. It is much redder than the rest of the galaxy, indicating the presence of old stars. It has been suggested that the collision between a disk galaxy with another galaxy caused the formation of the ring and displaced the nucleus of the galaxy, creating an empty ring. Based on the kinematics of the galaxy, the secondary nucleus belonged to the intruder galaxy, while the active nucleus is associated with the main stellar component.

As is common with merger remnants, NGC 985 has increased star formation rate, and as a result shines bright in the infrared. The total infrared luminosity of NGC 985 is  and it is characterised as a luminous infrared galaxy. The total molecular gas mass of the galaxy is estimated to be . Very large molecular clouds exist near the nuclei. They may be clouds gathering around the nucleus in the process of forming a disk around the two nuclei or molecular clouds disrupted by an outflow from the nucleus of the galaxy.

NGC 985 is a powerful X-ray source, detected by ROSAT. It is a complex X-ray source, whose spectrum cannot be accounted for by a simple power law at 0.6 keV and suggests the presence of a warm absorber. The hard X-ray emission on the other hand is characterised by a simple power law. The X-ray flux, especially soft X-rays, diminished in NGC 985 in 2013. The variability of the X-ray and ultraviolet emission from the nucleus was observed using the XMM-Newton and Hubble Space Telescope respectively. These observations revealed the presence of outflowing wind from an accretion disk formed around a supermassive black hole that obstructed the nucleus in soft X-rays and UV. The nucleus is otherwise seen unobstructed.

References

External links

NGC 985 on SIMBAD

Category:Ring galaxies
Category:Peculiar galaxies
Category:Seyfert galaxies
Category:Luminous infrared galaxies
Category:Interacting galaxies
Category:Cetus (constellation)
Category:Discoveries by Francis Leavenworth
Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1886
0985
09817
Markarian 1048


Ramadiyeh

Ramadiyeh ()  is a Syrian village located in Darkush Nahiyah in Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ramadiyeh had a population of 746 in the 2004 census.

References

Category:Populated places in Jisr al-Shughur District


Felix Gerritzen

Felix Gerritzen (6 February 1927 – 3 July 2007) was a German footballer who played for VfB Oldenburg and Preußen Münster.

External links

Category:1927 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Münster
Category:German footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Germany international footballers
Category:VfB Oldenburg players
Category:SC Preußen Münster players
Category:Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia


Highpoint, Ohio

Highpoint (also known as High Point) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Sycamore Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, located about 20 miles north of Cincinnati, Ohio. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,503. Highpoint was founded in the 19th century. It was named Highpoint on account of its lofty elevation.

While the Tri County Mall and shopping area is nine miles west, Highpoint is sometimes called the real tri county because the three counties; Hamilton, Butler and Warren all meet right there.

References

External links
 Sycamore Township Zoning History

Category:Census-designated places in Hamilton County, Ohio
Category:Census-designated places in Ohio
Category:Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Category:Unincorporated communities in Hamilton County, Ohio


I Will Fight No More Forever

I Will Fight No More Forever is a 1975 made-for-television movie starring James Whitmore as General Oliver O. Howard and Ned Romero as Chief Joseph. It is a dramatization of Chief Joseph's resistance to the U.S. government's forcible removal of his Nez Perce Indian tribe to a reservation in Idaho.

Plot
Set in 1877, the story follows Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce tribe, who lived in the border area of Idaho and Oregon. As President Ulysses S. Grant permits white settlers to come to both territories, the native Nez Perce fight back and defy the order from Grant to leave their home ground. The U.S. Army, commanded by General Oliver Howard (a Civil War Veteran) is then sent out to push the tribe out, leading to war. The fight between whites (both soldiers and settlers) and tribe members increases, leading Joseph to try for an escape to Canada, but deep down he fears a long, costly fight with a tough enemy. As he says to one member of the tribe who killed a white man for another tribe member's murder on the eve of war, "You have had your revenge. Now the white man will have his".

Cast
 James Whitmore as General Oliver O. Howard
 Ned Romero as Chief Joseph
 Sam Elliott as Captain Wood
John Kauffman as Wahlitits
 Emilio Delgado as Ollokot
 Nick Ramus as Rainbow
 Linda Redfearn as Toma
 Frank Salsedo as White Bird
Vince St. Cyr as Chief Looking Glass
Delroy White as Colonel Gibbon
Lance Hool as Sergeant Giles
Charles Ynfante as Yellow Wolf

Awards and nominations
Jeb Rosebrook and Theodore Strauss were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy - Original Teleplay. Robert K. Lambert received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Special.

See also
 List of American films of 1975

External links

Category:1975 films
Category:1970s Western (genre) films
Category:1975 television films
Category:American war drama films
Category:American Indian Wars films
Category:American television films
Category:American films
Category:War films based on actual events
Category:Films set in Idaho
Category:Films set in Wyoming
Category:Films set in Montana
Category:Films directed by Richard T. Heffron
Category:1970s drama films
Category:The Wolper Organization films
Category:Films about Native Americans


Worldbinder

Worldbinder is the sixth novel in David Farland's epic fantasy series The Runelords.  It is set in a land where men can bestow on each other a number of endowments, granting the recipient attributes such as increased strength, a more acute sense of hearing, or better eyesight.  The novel combines traditional sword and sorcery elements of fantasy with its own unique magic system of endowments.

Plot summary
In this novel, the main character Fallion returns to Castle Coorm in Mystarria, following his defeat of Shadoath. There he finds The One True Tree reborn, but it is surrounded by a twisted Seal of the Inferno. Fallion tries to heal the rune, only to discover that it was a trap left by the Queen of the Loci, in the form of Shadoath. The only thing he can do to save himself is to combine his world with the other linked to the Seal of the Inferno. The two worlds crash together with some unexpected results. For example, some people who happen to be standing in the wrong place recover from the melding of the two worlds to discover that they have a vine growing through their hand. Others combine with the version of themselves from the other world to produce a hybrid, but those whose other self has died or was never born are weakened.

In this new world, a race of men who are several feet taller than the men from Fallion's world are locked in a mortal struggle with a race called wyrmlings. The wyrmlings are light-sensitive, and are approximate to the Inkharrans from Fallion's world and they carry parasitic wyrms inside them (like the loci of Fallion's world). They are led by Death Lords and Knights Eternal, undead creatures that perform the will of the Queen of the Loci. The battle between wyrmlings and men is at an uneasy truce because each holds a captive of the other race—the wyrmlings hold the prince Areth (the equivalent of Fallion's father, Gaborn, the Earth King) and the men hold the princess of the wyrmlings, Kan-hazur.

Even though the Knights Eternal are rumored to be impossible to slay except in daylight, Fallion and Jaz manage to kill one before they are taken captive by one named Vulgnash. This earns them the respect of the warrior men of that world. Those men, led by High King Urstone (who is the equivalent of Fallion's grandfather on this world), mount a rescue of Fallion and his companions.

The legendary Daylan Hammer is present on this new world and he convinces the King to try to exchange hostages with the wyrmlings because it is immoral to keep the princess hostage. The wyrmlings pretend to make the exchange and then ambush the men. This is followed by an all-out attack on the main fortress of the men, Caer Luciare. During this battle the High King is slain, as well as Jaz, and Fallion is again taken by the Knight Eternal, Vulgnash. The wyrmlings make a deal with Prince Areth to spare his people if he'll accept a wyrm. The Queen of the Loci accepts him as her host and then he uses his new power as Earth King to Choose all of the wyrmling horde for the (twisted) Earth.

Main characters
Fallion: Gaborn Val Orden's oldest son, an immortal (Bright One) flameweaver known as the Torchbearer.
Jaz: Fallion's younger brother and an accomplished archer
Rhianna: A young woman who is in love with Fallion.
Talon: Daughter of Sir Borenson and Lady Myrrima.
High King Urstone: The shadow world equivalent of Fallion's grandfather
Prince Areth Urstone: The shadow world equivalent of Fallion's father, Gaborn val Orden, and the Earth King
Wizard Sisel: The shadow world equivalent of the Wizard Binnesman
Emir of Dalharristan: The shadow world equivalent of Raj Ahten
Siyaddah: The Emir's stunningly beautiful daughter who catches Fallion's eye
Lord Madoc: A ruthless warlord who conspires against King Urstone
Drewish and Connor: Lord Madoc's scheming sons
Alun: Master of the Dogs who becomes an unlikely hero during the battles with the wyrmlings
Vulgnash: Leader of the undead Knights Eternal
Daylan Hammer: A legendary immortal (Bright One) who keeps watch over several shadow worlds
Emperor Zul-torac: Leader of the wyrmlings
Princess Kan-hazur: Daughter of Zul-torac, princess of the wyrmlings
Lady Despair/Queen of the Loci/Yaleen: Fallion's enemy, the immortal who shattered the One True World

Category:American fantasy novels
Category:2007 American novels
Category:Runelords series
Category:Tor Books books


John Y. Brown (politician, born 1835)

John Young Brown (June 28, 1835January 11, 1904) was a politician from the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. He represented the state in the United States House of Representatives and served as its 31st governor. Brown was elected to the House of Representatives for three non-consecutive terms, each of which was marred by controversy. He was first elected in 1859, despite his own protests that he was not yet twenty-five years old; the minimum age set by the Constitution for serving in the legislature. The voters of his district elected him anyway, but he was not allowed to take his seat until the Congress' second session, after he was of legal age to serve. After moving to Henderson, Kentucky, Brown was elected from that district in 1866. On this occasion, he was denied his seat because of alleged disloyalty to the Union during the Civil War. Voters in his district refused to elect another representative, and the seat remained vacant throughout the term to which Brown was elected.  After an unsuccessful gubernatorial bid in 1871, Brown was again elected to the House in 1872 and served three consecutive terms. During his final term, he was officially censured for delivering a speech excoriating Massachusetts Representative Benjamin F. Butler. The censure was later expunged from the congressional record.

After his service in the House, Brown took a break from politics, but re-entered the political arena as a candidate for governor of Kentucky in 1891. He secured the Democratic nomination in a four-way primary election, then convincingly won the general election over his Republican challenger, Andrew T. Wood. Brown's administration, and the state Democratic Party, were split between gold standard supporters (including Brown) and supporters of the free coinage of silver. Brown's was also the first administration to operate under the Kentucky Constitution of 1891, and most of the legislature's time was spent adapting the state's code of laws to the new constitution. Consequently, little of significance was accomplished during Brown's term.

Brown hoped the legislature would elect him to the U.S. Senate following his term as governor. Having already alienated the free silver faction of his party, he backed "Goldbug" candidate Cassius M. Clay, Jr. for the Democratic nomination in the upcoming gubernatorial election. However, the deaths of two of Brown's children ended his interest in the gubernatorial race and his own senatorial ambitions. At the Democratic nominating convention of 1899, candidate William Goebel used questionable tactics to secure the gubernatorial nomination, and a disgruntled faction of the party held a separate nominating convention, choosing Brown to oppose Goebel in the general election. Goebel was eventually declared the winner of the election, but was assassinated. Brown became the legal counsel for former Kentucky Secretary of State Caleb Powers, an accused conspirator in the assassination. Brown died in Henderson on January 11, 1904.

Early life
John Young Brown was born on June 27, 1835, in Claysville (near Elizabethtown), Hardin County, Kentucky. He was the son of Thomas Dudley and Elizabeth (Young) Brown. His father served in the state legislature and was a delegate to the 1849 state constitutional convention. Two of his uncles, Bryan Rust Young and William Singleton Young, served as U.S. Representatives.<ref name=bioguide>"Brown, John Young". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</ref> Brown spent much time with his father at the state capitol, which sparked his early interest in politics.

Brown received his early education in the schools of Elizabethtown, and in 1851, at the age of sixteen, matriculated at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky.Tapp and Klotter, p. 463 In 1855, he graduated from Centre and returned to Hardin County to read law. He was admitted to the bar in 1857 and opened his practice in Elizabethtown. His reputation as an orator put him in high demand, but his zealous criticism of the Know Nothing Party drew threats against his life.

Brown married Lucie Barbee in 1857, but she died the following year. In September 1860, he married Rebecca Hart Dixon, the daughter of former U.S. Senator Archibald Dixon. The couple had eight children.

U.S. House of Representatives
At a meeting of local Democrats in Bardstown, Kentucky, in 1859, Brown was nominated to oppose Joshua Jewett for Jewett's seat in the House of Representatives. Despite Brown's protests that he was more than a year younger than the legal age to serve, he was elected over Jewett by about two thousand votes. He did not take his seat until the second congressional session because of his age. He became a member of the Douglas National Committee in 1860 and engaged in a series of debates with supporters of John C. Breckinridge for president, including Breckinridge's cousin, William Campbell Preston Breckinridge.

It is not clear exactly when Brown relocated to Henderson, Kentucky. Confederate officer Stovepipe Johnson recounts that Brown was among the city leaders who welcomed him to Henderson in early 1862, but other sources state that Brown did not settle in Henderson until after the war.Johnson, p. 102 His sympathies during the war were decidedly with the Confederacy.

Brown was re-elected to the House of Representatives in 1866. His seat was declared vacant, however, because of his alleged disloyalty during the war. Voters in his district refused to elect anyone else to fill the vacancy, and Governor John W. Stevenson filed an official protest of the House's action, but the seat remained unfilled throughout the Fortieth Congress.

Governor Stevenson resigned his office to accept a seat in the U.S. Senate, and the remainder of his term was filled by President Pro Tem of the Senate Preston Leslie. When Leslie, who enjoyed only lukewarm support from his party, sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1871, Brown's name was among those put in nomination against his; after a few ballots, however, it became clear that Brown would not be able to gain a majority, and his supporters abandoned their support of him in favor of other candidates. The following year, Brown was re-elected to the House of Representatives by an overwhelming vote of 10,888 to 457 and was allowed to assume his seat. He was twice re-elected, serving until 1877.

Brown's most notable action in the House was a speech he made on February 4, 1875, in response to Massachusetts Representative Benjamin F. Butler's call to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Referring to comments Butler had made the previous day about lawlessness against African-Americans in the South, Brown claimed that unjust charges had been made against Southerners by an individual "who is outlawed in his own home by respectable society, whose name is synonymous with falsehood, who is the champion, and has been on all occasions, of fraud; who is the apologist of thieves, who is such a prodigy of vice and meanness that to describe him would sicken the imagination and exhaust invective." Brown continued by referencing notorious Scottish murderer William Burke, whose method of murdering his victims became known as "Burking." At this point in the speech, Speaker of the House James G. Blaine interrupted Brown, asking if he was referring to a member of the House; Brown gave an ambiguous response before continuing: "If I wished to describe all that was pusillanimous in war, inhuman in peace, forbidden in morals, and infamous in politics, I should call it 'Butlerizing'." The House gallery exploded in protest at Brown's remark, and incensed Republican legislators called for Brown's immediate expulsion. Though not expelled, he was officially censured by the House for the use of unparliamentary language. The censure was expunged from the record by a subsequent Congress.

1891 gubernatorial election

Following his service in the House, Brown resumed his law practice in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1891, he was a candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. The other candidates included Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., son of former Congressman Brutus J. Clay and nephew of abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay; Dr. John Daniel Clardy, later to be elected a U.S. Representative; and Attorney General Parker Watkins Hardin. The party was split between supporters of corporations, such as the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and supporters of agrarian interests. Another split was between the more conservative Bourbon Democrats, who supported maintaining the gold standard, and more progressive Democrats, who called for the free coinage of silver. Agrarian voters were about equally split between Clay and Clardy, while Free Silver Democrats were about equally split between Hardin and Clardy. Having lived in the agrarian western part of the state for most of his life, and never having alienated the powerful Farmers' Alliance, Brown was acceptable to most agrarian interests, while the Louisville and Nashville Railroad felt he was a moderate on the issue of corporate regulation. Bourbon Democrats were also pleased with his sound money stand.

Entering the Democratic nominating convention, Brown seemed to be the favorite for the nomination. On the first ballot, he garnered the most votes (275), leading Clay (264), Clardy (190), and Hardin (186). Over the next nine ballots, the vote counts changed little. Finally, the convention chairman announced that the candidate receiving the fewest votes on the next ballot would be dropped from the voting. Clardy received the fewest votes, and on the next ballot, his supporters divided almost equally between the remaining three candidates. Hardin was the next candidate to be dropped, and Brown received a majority over Clay on the thirteenth ballot.

The Republicans nominated Andrew T. Wood, a lawyer from Mount Sterling, who had failed in earlier elections for Congress and state attorney general. Concurrently with the gubernatorial election, the state's voters would decide whether to ratify a proposed new constitution for the state in 1891. The divided Democrats had taken no stand on the document as part of their convention's platform, and Wood spent much of the campaign trying to get Brown to declare his support for or opposition to it. About six weeks before the election, Brown, sensing strong public support for the new constitution, finally came out in favor of it. For the remainder of the race, Wood touted an alleged conspiracy between Brown and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to thwart meaningful corporate regulations, but the issue failed to gain much traction.

Both Democrats and Republicans were concerned about the presence of S. Brewer Erwin, nominee of the newly formed Populist Party, in the race; he enjoyed strong support for a third-party candidate, despite the fact that many believed his party's platform was too radical. Democrats, who were used to carrying the agrarian vote by a wide margin, were especially concerned that the Farmers' Alliance, consisting of over 125,000 members in Kentucky, would endorse Erwin. This did not occur, however, and in the general election, Brown defeated Wood by a vote of 144,168 to 116,087. Though he won the election, Brown had not won a majority of the votes; Populist Erwin captured 25,631 votes – 9 percent of the total cast – and a Prohibition candidate received 3,292 votes.

Governor of Kentucky
Turmoil marked the legislative sessions of Brown's term; his supporters had been either unwilling or unable to influence the rest of the Democratic slate, and tensions over the currency issue soon split the administration. Attorney General William Jackson Hendricks, Treasurer Henry S. Hale, and Auditor Luke C. Norman were all free silver supporters and feuded with Brown and his (appointed) secretary of state, John W. Headley, throughout Brown's term. Over time, the rift deepened and spread to the entire Democratic party. Brown also frequently clashed with the legislature and vetoed several of the bills it passed; none of his vetoes were ever overridden.

When the General Assembly convened on the last day of 1891, Brown reported that he had appointed a commission to study the impact of the new constitution on the state's existing laws. He also announced that the state's present budget deficit was $229,000 and was expected to reach almost half a million dollars by the end of 1893. With these two large issues facing it, the Assembly was in session almost continuously from December 1891 to July 1893. The length of the session earned it a derisive nickname – the "Long Parliament". Part of the reason for the extended session was each chamber's difficulty in achieving a quorum; a Louisville newspaper reported that, for an entire month, the largest attendance in the House of Representatives was 61 of 100 members. Consequently, some bills were passed by a plurality instead of a majority of the legislators. Fearing that these bills would be challenged in court, Brown vetoed them.

During the session, Brown secured the termination of a statewide geological survey, deeming it too expensive. By constitutional mandate, the regular session ended August 16, but Brown convened a special session of the legislature on August 25 because important bills that he had vetoed needed to be rewritten and passed, and because some bills he had signed needed to be amended to comply with the new constitution. Major legislation advocated by Brown and passed by the General Assembly included improvements in tax collection processes and tighter controls on corporations. Among the measures not specifically advocated by Brown that were enacted by the General Assembly was a measure racially segregating the state's railroad cars, called the "separate coach law". The special session lasted until November 1.

Brown won acclaim from the railroad companies for vetoing a proposed railroad tax increase, but soon drew their ire for preventing the merger of the state's two largest railways, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. The Mason and Foard Company, which leased convict labor to build railroads, resented Brown's prison reforms. Brown accused his predecessor, Simon Bolivar Buckner, of illegally allowing Mason and Foard to use convict labor, a charge Buckner vehemently denied.

During the 1894 legislative session, Brown advocated and won passage of several government efficiency measures, including a bill to transfer certain state governmental expenses to the counties, a bill to reform state printing contracts, and measures clarifying laws governing asylums and charitable institutions. The most significant bill, and the one that generated the most debate, was a law giving married women individual property rights for the first time in state history. Other measures passed during the session included a basic coal safety measure, a common school statute, a measure prohibiting collusive bidding on tobacco, new regulations on grain warehouses, and a law providing free turnpikes. Measures advocated by Brown but not enacted by the Assembly included broadening the powers of the state railroad commission, establishing the offices of state bank inspector and superintendent of public printing, and reforming prison management, including separate detention of adolescent criminals. Brown also lobbied for the abolition of the state parole board; when the Assembly refused, Brown vowed to ignore the board's recommendations.

Mob violence was prevalent in Kentucky during Brown's tenure as governor. From 1892 to 1895, there were fifty-six lynchings in the state. During one notable incident, a Cincinnati judge refused to extradite a black man suspected of shooting a white man in Kentucky. The judge's decision was based on his opinion that the accused was likely to be the victim of mob violence if returned to Kentucky. In disputing the judge's decision, Governor Brown attempted to justify some of the violence that had occurred in the state's past, declaring "It is much to be regretted that we have occasionally had mob violence in this Commonwealth, but it has always been when the passions of the people have been inflamed by the commission of the most atrocious crimes."

Later life and death
It was widely known that Brown desired election to the U.S. Senate when his gubernatorial term expired in 1896. The leading Democratic candidates to succeed Brown as governor were his old rivals, Cassius M. Clay, Jr. and Parker Watkins Hardin, and Brown believed he would need his eventual successor's support to secure the Senate seat. Having already alienated Hardin and his free silver allies, Brown threw his support to Clay. Family tragedy would soon remove his interest in the race, however. On October 30, 1894, Brown's teenage daughter Susan died of tuberculosis. A few months later, his son, Archibald Dixon Brown, divorced his wife; it was subsequently discovered that he had been carrying on an extramarital affair. Acting on an anonymous tip, his lover's husband found the couple at a brothel in Louisville; drawing his pistol, he shot his wife and Archibald Brown, killing them both. Of the series of family tragedies, Governor Brown wrote to Clay, "I shall not be a candidate for the Senate. The calamities of my children, which have recently befallen, have utterly unfitted me for the contest. My grief is so severe that, like a black vampire of the night, it seems to have sucked dry the very arteries and veins of my ambition." Clay went on to lose the nomination to Hardin. Brown refused to endorse Hardin, and the fractured Democratic party watched as the Republicans elected William O. Bradley, the party's first-ever governor of Kentucky. Despite Brown's proclaimed lack of interest in the Senate seat, he received one vote during the tumultuous 1896 Senate election to replace Senator J. C. S. Blackburn.

After his term as governor, Brown again returned to his legal practice in Louisville. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the House of Representatives in 1896, losing to Republican Walter Evans. He would later claim that he had only run in order to improve Democratic voter turnout for William Jennings Bryan's 1896 presidential bid. Prior to the 1899 Democratic nominating convention, Brown was mentioned as a possible gubernatorial nominee, but he declined to become a candidate. When the convention began, he was mentioned as a candidate for convention chairman, but he also refused to serve in this capacity.

Despite his proclaimed lack of interest in the gubernatorial nomination, Brown's name was entered as a candidate on the first ballot, along with Parker Watkins Hardin, former Congressman William J. Stone, and William Goebel, President Pro Tempore of the state senate. The convention was thrown into chaos when a widely known agreement between Stone and Goebel – designed to get Hardin out of the race – broke down. As balloting continued over the next four days (Sunday excepted) with no candidate receiving a majority, Brown continued to receive a few votes on each ballot. Finally, the convention delegates decided to drop the candidate with the lowest vote total until one candidate received a majority; this resulted in the nomination of Goebel a few ballots later.

Following the convention, disgruntled Democrats began to talk about rejecting their party's nominee and holding another nominating convention. Brown became the leader of this group, styled the "Honest Election League". Plans for the new convention were made at a meeting held August 2, 1899, in Lexington, Kentucky. The nomination was made official at a convention held in that city on August 16. In addition to Brown, the Honest Election League nominated a full slate of candidates for the other state offices.

Brown opened his campaign with a speech at Bowling Green on August 26, 1899. He answered many allegations that had been made about him, including claims that he had secretly been seeking the Democratic gubernatorial nomination all along, that he had ambitions of succeeding Senator William Joseph Deboe, and that following the nominating convention, he had agreed to speak on behalf of the Goebel ticket. Brown conceded that he desired Senator Deboe's senate seat and that he had agreed to accept the gubernatorial nomination if it had been offered to him, but he denied that he had ever agreed to speak on Goebel's behalf. Outgoing Senator Blackburn also charged that Brown was bolting the party again, just as he had in supporting Stephen Douglas over John C. Breckinridge for president in 1860. Brown replied by quoting an article by William Jennings Bryan's Omaha World-Herald'' that asserted the right of an individual to vote against the nominee of his party if the individual deemed the nominee unfit.

Due to his age and ill health, Brown was able to speak only once per week. At a campaign event in Madisonville, he challenged Goebel to a debate, but Goebel ignored the challenge. Brown, and other speakers enlisted on behalf of his campaign, frequently called attention to Goebel's refusal to acknowledge the challenge or agree to a debate. When William Jennings Bryan came to the state to campaign with Goebel, Brown sent him a letter challenging him to repudiate Goebel's nomination because of the broken agreement between Goebel and Stone. Bryan refused to comment on the events of the convention and stressed the importance of party loyalty. He denounced the Honest Election League's convention as irregular and invalid.

Brown's campaign faltered as the race drew to a close. Two weeks prior to the election, Brown was injured in a fall at Leitchfield; as a result of the injury, he was confined to his home and unable to deliver campaign speeches, despite several attempts to allow him to speak from a chair or wheelchair. The final vote count gave Republican William S. Taylor a small plurality with 193,714 votes to Goebel's 191,331; Brown garnered only 12,140 votes.

Goebel challenged the vote returns in several counties. While the challenges were being adjudicated, Goebel was shot by an unknown assassin; Goebel was ultimately declared the winner of the election, but died of his wounds two days after being sworn into office. Among those charged in Goebel's murder was Governor Taylor's Secretary of State, Caleb Powers. Powers employed Brown as his legal counsel during his first trial, which ended in a conviction in July 1900. Brown died January 11, 1904, in Henderson and was buried at the Fernwood Cemetery in that city. He was the namesake of, but not related to, 20th century Kentucky Congressman John Y. Brown, Sr.

See also

List of United States Representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded

Notes

 The National Governors Association web site claims Brown served as a cavalry colonel during the war, but provides no elaboration. Neither Brown's contemporaries (Levin, Johnson, Hughes, etc.) nor later historians (Clark, Harrison, Ireland, etc.) mention this service.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

JOHN YOUNG BROWN
John Y. Brown at The Political Graveyard
Text of Governor Stevenson's protest to Congress for failing to seat Brown and others in Congress (pages 2162 to 2171)

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