Barbara Rae

Barbara Davis Rae CBE RA FRSE (born 10 December 1943) is a Scottish painter and printmaker.  She is a member of the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Academy of Arts.

Biography
Rae studied painting at the Edinburgh College of Art from 1961 to 1965. As a student, she worked as a grouse-beater in the Scottish Highlands.  "I loved being up there walking the hills, seeing the landscape, drawing it," Rae said in a 2013 interview.  "Geography was really important to me and it still plays a huge role in my art."  After graduating, Rae received a travel scholarship that allowed her to spend time painting in France and Spain.  That experience and her later travel shaped her art, which largely focuses on landscapes.  She exhibited in her first solo show in 1967 at the Edinburgh's New 57 Gallery.  During her early career, she taught art at Ainslie Park School in Edinburgh (1968–69), Portobello High School (1969-1972), and the Aberdeen College of Education (1972–74).  In 1975, she became a lecturer in drawing and painting at the Glasgow School of Art, where she worked until 1996.

During this time, Rae exhibited regularly and received many awards for her artwork.  In 1980, she was elected as an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy; she became a full member in 1992.  In 1983, she was elected president of the Society of Scottish Artists.  She was appointed as a member of the Royal Fine Art Commission for Scotland in 1995.  Rae also became a member of the Royal Academy of Art in 1996.  In 1999, she was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She is also a Royal Etcher, a Fellow of the Royal College of Art, and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Rae's work is held by institutions including the University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, British Museum, National Museum of Women in the Arts, and Whitworth Art Gallery.   The first monograph on her work was in its third printing as of 2013.

Rae has homes in Scotland, Los Angeles, and France and often travels elsewhere in Europe and the southwest United States.
She is married to writer and essayist Gareth Wardell.

Style

The Royal Academy of Arts' magazine RA has described Rae's works as "intense colour bursts that evoke dramatic landscapes but remain resolutely abstract", "distil[ling] the colour, light and forms of nature into dazzling visions".  Rather than mixing paints on a palette, Rae applies unmixed acrylic paints to the canvas itself and then pours fluid over them to blend them.  The bright colors of her paintings and prints diverge from the typical colors of Scottish art.  Rae has said that she does not regard herself as a Scottish artist, though her "relationship with the landscape and history of the west coast of Scotland" has inspired much of her art.

Subject matter for her prints tend to the socio-political, her main interest in whatever has been shaped by the hand of man or woman, and weathered by age: an old Irish farmhouse, a door or fence gate, an ancient standing stone, a terrace of vines.

Rae's travel has greatly influenced her art.  Beginning in the 1960s, Rae travelled extensively in Spain, Ireland, France, and the southwest United States.  These travels "generated a body of work which indicated a deep interest in the history as well as the aesthetics of landscape".

Rae has said of her approach to her subjects, "I'm not interested in topographical detail. I need to be able to immerse myself in the culture of a place to create art."

Awards and honors
Scottish Arts Council Award (1975)
Guthrie Medal (Royal Scottish Academy) (1977)
Scottish Arts Council Award (1981)
Calouste Gulbenkian Printmaking Award (1983)
Sir William Gillies Travel Award (Royal Scottish Academy) (1983)
May Marshall Brown Award (The Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour) (1983)
Scottish Arts Council grant (1989)
Hunting Group Prize (1990)
Alexander Graham Munro Award (The Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour)
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Honorary doctorate, Napier University (2002)
Honorary doctorate, Aberdeen University
Honorary fellowship, Royal College of Art (2008)
Honorary doctorate, University of St Andrews
Elected a Fellow of Royal Society of Edinburgh (2011)

Solo exhibitions

1967 - New 57 Gallery, Edinburgh
1977 - Gilbert Parr Gallery, London
1978 - University of Edinburgh
1979 - The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
1983 - The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
1985 - Wright Gallery, Dallas, Texas, USA
1986 - Leinster Fine Art, London
1987 - The Scottish Gallery, London
1988 - Glasgow Print Studio
1989 - The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
1990 - Landmarks and Docklands, The Scottish Gallery, London
1991 - The Scottish Gallery, London
1992 - Perth Museum and Art Gallery
1992 - Earth Pattern, William Jackson Gallery, London
1993 - New Monotypes and Prints, Glasgow Print Studio
1993 - The Reconstructed Landscape, Highland Regional Council, touring the North of Scotland
1994 - Jorgensen Fine Art, Dublin
1994 - Theatre Andre Dumas, Germain-en-Laye
1994 - The Reconstructed Landscape, Harewood House, Leeds
1995 - Art First, London
1995 - The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
1996 - Jorgensen Fine Art, Dublin
1996 - Art First, London
1996 - Waxlander Gallery, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
1996 - Bohun Gallery, Henley-on-Thames
1997 - New Paintings, (The South Africa Series), Art First, London

1998 - The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
1998 - Edinburgh The Festival City, Galleri Galtung, Oslo
1999 - The Painted Desert, Art First, London
2000 - West, The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
2001 - Zuma Beach, Art First, London
2002 - Paintings from Ireland, Art First, London
2003 - Travelog, Glasgow Print Studio
2003 - an-tiarthar – the West, The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
2004 - Print Exhibition, North House Gallery, Essex
2004 - New Paintings, The Tom Caldwell Gallery, Belfast
2005 - Barbara Rae Monotypes, The Scottish Gallery
2005 - Print Exhibition, North House Gallery, Essex
2005 - New Paintings, Adam Gallery, London & Bath
2006 - Sierra - New Paintings from Spain, The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
2008 - New Paintings, Adam Gallery, London & Bath
2009 - Vignettes from Ireland, Adam Gallery, London
2009 - Recent Paintings, Richmond Hill Gallery, London
2010 - Barbara Rae RA: Prints, Sir Hugh Casson Room, Royal Academy, London
2010 - Celtic Connections Adam Gallery, London
2014 - University of St Andrews, Glasgow
2016 - Portland Gallery, London
2018 - Barbara Rae: The Northwest Passage - The Royal Scottish Academy of Art and Architecture
2018 - Barbara Rae: The Northwest Passage with Inuit sculpture from the Belle Shenkman Collection - Canada Gallery, Canada House, London

References

Further reading

She is married to writer and essayist Gareth wardell

External links
Official site

Category:1943 births
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Living people
Category:People from Falkirk
Category:Royal Scottish Academicians
Category:Royal Academicians
Category:Scottish women painters
Category:Scottish printmakers
Category:Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art
Category:20th-century Scottish painters
Category:21st-century Scottish painters
Category:Women printmakers
Category:20th-century British women artists
Category:21st-century British women artists
Category:20th-century British printmakers


Mátészalka District

Mátészalka () is a district in central-eastern part of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. Mátészalka is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Northern Great Plain Statistical Region. This district is a part of Szatmár historical and geographical region.

Geography
Mátészalka District borders with Vásárosnamény District to the north, Fehérgyarmat District and Csenger District to the east, the Romanian county of Satu Mare to the south, Nyírbátor District and Baktalórántháza District to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Mátészalka District is 26.

Municipalities
The district has 3 towns, 3 large villages and 20 villages.
(ordered by population, as of 1 January 2013)

The bolded municipalities are cities, italics municipalities are large villages.

Demographics

In 2011, it had a population of 64,015 and the population density was 102/km².

Ethnicity
Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Roma (approx. 7,500), German (1,000), Romanian (200) and Ukrainian (100).

Total population (2011 census): 64,015
Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 66,204 persons:
Hungarians: 57,546 (86.92%)
Gypsies: 7,259 (10.96%)
Germans: 899 (1.36%)
Others and indefinable: 500 (0.76%)
Approx. 2,000 persons in Mátészalka District did declare more than one ethnic group at the 2011 census.

Religion
Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census:

Reformed – 31,809;
Catholic – 15,959 (Greek Catholic – 8,264; Roman Catholic – 7,695);
other religions – 2,171;
Non-religious – 3,884;
Atheism – 163;
Undeclared – 10,029.

Gallery

See also
List of cities and towns of Hungary

References

External links
 Postal codes of the Mátészalka District

Category:Districts in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County


Sándor Németh

Sándor Németh (8 August 1925 – 7 December 1993) was a Hungarian  swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 1947 European Aquatics Championships. He competed in the same event at the 1948 Summer Olympics, but did not reach the finals.

References

Category:1925 births
Category:1993 deaths
Category:Male breaststroke swimmers
Category:Swimmers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic swimmers of Hungary
Category:Hungarian male swimmers
Category:European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming


Religious Experience Reconsidered

Religious Experience Reconsidered is a book by Ann Taves on the study of religious experience. She proposes a new approach, which takes into account the attribution of religious meaning to specific events, using the term "specialness." "The focus of the book is on experiences deemed religious (and, by extension, other things considered special) rather than "religious experience.""

Reception
Kim Knott calls Taves approach an encompassing framework, which can take into account a multitude of things. She doubts, though, if the term "specialness" can replace the term "sacredness."

See also
 Mystical experience

References

Sources

Category:Cognitive science of religion


Swedish Standard Industrial Classification

The Swedish Standard Industrial Classification, commonly referred to as SNI, is a Swedish industry standard economic classification system, consisting of a hierarchy of codes that are up to 6-digits long. The most recent version of the SNI standard is SNI 2007, which corresponds to NACE Revision 2.

The SNI standard is modeled on the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, commonly referred to as NACE. The SNI standard is maintained by Statistics Sweden (also known as SCB), a Swedish government office.

References

External links
 List of SNI 2002 codes (PDF)

Category:Industry classifications
Category:Economy of Sweden


Indian Telly Awards

The Indian Telly Awards is an annual award for excellence both on-screen and behind-the-scenes of television in India. Conceptualised and created by  Anil Wanvari, the founder, CEO of media and services group, indiantelevision.com, they are in their 12th edition currently. Wanvari is also on the board of the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (which runs the International Emmy Awards), and has been a semi-final judging host for the awards since 2006.
The awards for Indian television are given in several categories such as best programme or series in a specific genre, most popular actors and awards for technical roles such as writers and directors. The awards are currently managed by a division within indiantelevision.com called ITV2.0 Productions.

History
For the first three years, The Indian Telly Awards were aired on Indian Hindi general entertainment channel Star Plus (2001–2003).
From 2004–2009, Sony Entertainment Television was the home of The Indian Telly Awards with the channel commissioning Indiantelevision.com to produce it and acquiring the content to air on its channel Sony. Since its 10th edition, the awards ceremony moved to Viacom 18 Hindi general entertainment channel Colors TV. &TV took over the broadcasting rights, starting the fourteenth edition.

The Indian Telly Awards were first presented on 6 July 2001.

TV and film actor Alyy Khan hosted the first awards, held at the Oberoi Trident hotel in Mumbai. Actors Bhakti Barve and Jatin Kanakia received posthumous awards. In 2001 and 2003, the awards were hosted by television Actor Ram Kapoor & his wife Gautami Kapoor

Television actors Ram Kapoor and Roshni Chopra hosted the 2007 awards. In 2008 the awards were anchored by Cyrus Broacha and Mini Mathur.  The 2009 awards were hosted by Vishal Malhotra and Mona Singh. In 2010,the Awards were hosted by Ronit Roy and Meghna Malik. The 11th Indian Telly Awards, held in the year 2012, were hosted by Ronit Roy & Ram Kapoor and co-hosted by Manish Paul & Roshni Chopra.
 In the year 2013, 12th Indian Telly Awards were once again hosted by Ronit Roy and Ram Kapoor and co-hosted by Rashmi Desai, Kavita Kaushik.

Categories
Awards are presented in the following categories:

Technical Awards (TC)
 These awards are given for specific skills which help enhance – or set new standards of technical quality of a TV programme, be it in the area of cinematography, editing, costume or what have you. An individual or team from a production house/post production house which has excelled in this specific aspect during the specific period can be nominated.

 TC 1 -Special/Visual Effects for Television
 TC 2 – Art Direction (Fiction)
 TC 3 – Art Direction (Non-Fiction)
 TC 4 – Videography (Best TV Cameraman – Fiction)
 TC 5 – Videography (Best TV Cameraman – Non – Fiction)
 TC 6 – Costumes for a TV Programme
 TC 7 – Make Up Artist
 TC 8 – Stylist
 TC 9 – TV Show Packaging (Fiction)
 TC 10 – TV Show Packaging (Non-Fiction) On an Entertainment Channel
 TC 11 – TV Channel Packaging (Including Channel Ids & Generic Promos)
 TC 12 – Editor (Fiction)
 TC 13 – Editor (Non-Fiction)
 TC 14 – Background Music for a TV Programme (Fiction)
 TC 15 – TV Lyricist
 TC 16 – Music Director
 TC 17 – Title Singer for a TV Show
 TC 18 – Director (Soap & Drama)
 TC 19 – Director (Sitcom)
 TC 20 – Director (Thriller)
 TC 21 – Director (Non- Fiction)
 TC 22 – Screenplay Writer (Drama Series & Soap)
 TC 23 – Dialogue Writer (Drama Series & Soap)
 TC 24 – Sitcom/Comedy Writer
 TC 25 – Story Writer
 TC 26 – Scriptwriter (Non Fiction)
 TC 27 – Choreographer

Trade Awards (TR)
 These awards recognize excellent performances by MSO's and TV production houses during the specific period. A detailed note should specify the achievements of the nominee during the year.
 TR 1 – Cable Operator / MSO (Multi Systems Operator)
 TR 2 – TV Production House

Programming Awards (PR)
 Programming awards will be presented to television software producers and channel executives for programmes of various genres.

 PR 1 -Edutainment / Science / Knowledge Based Show
 PR 2 -Entertainment News Show on an Entertainment Channel
 PR 3 -Public Service Programme
 PR 4 -Lifestyle & Fashion Show
 PR 5 -Talk Show on an Entertainment Channel
 PR 6 -Cookery show
 PR 7 -Sports Show
 PR 8 -Travel Show
 PR 9 -Health & Fitness Show

Jury Awards (JR)
 Jury awards are presented to television Actors and artiste of various shows.

 JR 1 – Actor in a Comic Role
 JR 2 – Actress in a Comic Role
 JR 3 – Actress in a Supporting Role
 JR 4 – Actor in a Supporting Role
 JR 5 – Actress in a Negative Role
 JR 6 – Actor in a Negative Role
 JR 7 – Actress in a Lead Role
 JR 8 – Actor in a Lead Role
 JR 9 – Drama Series

Popular Awards

 PO 1 – Indian Telly Award for Best Child Artiste - Female
 PO 2 – Indian Telly Award for Best Child Artiste - Male
 PO 3 – Indian Telly Award for Best Anchor
 PO 4 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Comic Role
 PO 5 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role
 PO 6 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role
 PO 7 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
 PO 8 – Indian Telly Award for Best Television Personality of the Year
 PO 9 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role
 PO 10 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role
 PO 11 – Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face - Female
 PO 12 – Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face - Male
 PO 13 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role
 PO 14 – Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role
 PO 15 – Indian Telly Award for Best Ensemble Cast
 PO 16 – Programme with a Social Message
 PO 17 – Daily Serial
 PO 18 – Weekly Serial
 PO 19 – Continuing TV Programme
 PO 20 – Drama Series
 PO 21 – Thriller/ Horror Programme
 PO 22 – Kid's Programme
 PO 23 – Sitcom/Comedy Programme
 PO 24 – Best Reality Show
 PO 25 – Best Game Show
 PO 26 – Dance Talent Show
 PO 27 – Singing Talent Show
 PO 28 – Comedy Talent Show
 PO 29 – Historical/ Mythological Series
 PO 30 – Judge Panel on a TV Show
 PO 31 – Youth Show – Fiction
 PO 32 – Youth Show – Non Fiction
 PO 33 – Televised Awards Show
 PO 34 – Televised Entertainment Show
 PO 35 – Indian Telly Award for Best Onscreen Couple
 PO 36 - Indian Telly Awards for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Comedy
 PO 37 - Indian Telly Awards for Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Comedy

See also

 List of Asian television awards
 11th Indian Telly Awards

References

External links
 Indian Telly Awards Official website
 IndianTelevision.com website

 01
Indian Telly Awards


2002 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship

The 2002 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship was the 14th British Formula Renault Championship. The season began at Brands Hatch on 1 April and ended on 22 September at Donington Park, after seventeen rounds held in England, with most events only staging one race and the 2 events staging two.

Teams and drivers

Race calendar and results

Drivers' Championship

 Points were awarded on a 32-28-25-22-20-18-16-14-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis, with 1 point for fastest lap. A driver's 15 best results counted towards the championship.

External links
 The official website of the Formula Renault UK Championship

UK
Category:2002 in British motorsport


Sopwith Bulldog

The Sopwith 2FR.2 Bulldog was a prototype British two-seat fighter of the First World War. A single-engined biplane, the Bulldog was a fighter/reconnaissance aircraft intended to replace the Bristol F.2 Fighter, but was unsuccessful, with no replacement for the Bristol Fighter being purchased.

Development and design
In August 1917, the Sopwith Aviation Company started design of a two-seat fighter reconnaissance aircraft intended to replace the Bristol F.2 Fighter, and received permission to build prototypes of the Sopwith FR.2. It was intended to power the FR.2 with a 200 hp (149 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8 water-cooled V-8 engine, but the Hispano was in great demand, and it was decided to switch to the new Clerget 11, an eleven-cylinder rotary engine, a change which led to the prospective design being redesignated 2FR.2.

The Bulldog was a compact single-bay biplane resembling the first prototype Sopwith Snipe single-seat fighter. The pilot sat under the upper wing, with his head and shoulders protruding through a large gap in the centre section, while the observer's cockpit was aft of the trailing edge of the upper wing.  Armament was two synchronised Vickers machine guns in a hump ahead of the pilot, while the observer/gunner was provided with two Lewis guns, one on a telescopic mounting forward of the observer's cockpit, and the second on a pillar mounting to give rearward defence.

The first prototype appeared early in 1918, but it was overweight and handled poorly. It was quickly rebuilt with much larger two-bay wings, which improved the handling, but the prototype's performance remained disappointing, not even matching that of the aircraft it was intended to replace. The poor performance was in part due to the Clerget engine's failure to provide the expected power, producing only 200 hp (149 kW) instead of the expected 260 hp (194 kW).  The second prototype was fitted with a 360 hp (267 kW) ABC Dragonfly radial engine, becoming the Bulldog Mk.II, with the first prototype becoming the Bulldog Mk.I.  However, although the Dragonfly gave much more power than the Clerget, it was hopelessly unreliable, with one test pilot stating that "... I never remember being able to get all cylinders to fire at the same time" and "I don't remember that we got a single successful performance with the engine."

Work on a third prototype was abandoned because of the failure of the first two aircraft, although the second prototype continued in use until at least March 1919 carrying out test flights in futile attempts to solve the problems of the Dragonfly.

Specifications (Mk.I, two-bay wings)

See also

Notes

References

Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Volume Three Fighters. London:Macdonald, 1969. .
Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York:Smithmark, 1994. .
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. .

External links

Photo

Category:1910s British fighter aircraft
Bulldog
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1918
Category:Rotary-engined aircraft
Category:Biplanes


Sand Hills Light

Sand Hills is a formerly active lighthouse on the shore of Lake Superior converted into a bed and breakfast. It is located in Ahmeek in Keweenaw County Michigan in the Keweenaw Peninsula, which is the northern part of the Upper Peninsula. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

History
From 1857 until 1908, Eagle River Light was the only lighthouse between the Keweenaw Waterway and Eagle Harbor Light. With the end of the copper boom in the 1870s the Eagle River, Michigan harbor started to decay. "By the 1890s, it seemed the only ship coming into the harbor was the lighthouse service tender." It was recommended to build a new lighthouse at Sand Hills where most of the lake traffic passing and to decommission Eagle River.

A lighthouse at Sand Hills was authorized by Congress in 1893, but no funds were allocated for its construction. Meanwhile, the Eagle River Light was decommissioned and sold in 1908, leaving no navigation light in the area.  Sand Hills Light was finally commissioned in 1917, in part as a response to a number of ships that had run aground on the nearby Sawtooth Reef since the dismantling of the light at Eagle River.  Sand Hills is about halfway between Eagle Harbor Light and Ontonagon, Michigan.

The lighthouse was completed in May 1919 and was in service for 20 years as a manned aid to navigation operated by 3 keepers. The site includes an oil house, garage, barracks building (1916, and used in World War II, and a concrete breakwater (1917).

The station originally had a Fourth Order bullseye lens lighted by an oil vapor lamp, which was visible for .

In 1939, the Coast Guard assumed responsibility for the Lighthouse and automated its use, eliminating the need for keepers.

In 1942, it was converted to a wartime Coast Guard training facility, housing and schooling roughly 200 trainees at a time. In 1943 it was closed as a training location and reverted to being simply a lighthouse.

It continued as an active lighthouse until 1954, when it was decommissioned, in part due to improvements in weather forecasting and the adoption of radar.

It stayed empty and idle through the next few years, finally being liquidated and sold at public auction in 1958 for $26,000 to H. Donald Bliss, an insurance agent from the Detroit area.

In 1961, it was sold again to Bill Frabotta, a Detroit photographer and artist who used the fog station as a summer cottage. In 1992, Mr. Frabotta began a comprehensive 3 year rebuilding project, and along with his wife, Mary, converted the entire facility into a premier Bed and Breakfast Inn.  Mary Frabotta plays the 106-year-old parlor grand piano each evening for guests.  It was selected by American Historic Inns as one of the ten most romantic inns in America" and rated in the top 15 Bed and Breakfasts with the Best Gourmet Breakfast by The Bed and Breakfast Journal.

Most recently, in March 2019, it was sold again to Edward “Bud” Cole, a historical preservationist with a family lineage in the Keweenaw going back to the 1850s. Mr. Cole also owns and stewards the Eagle River Lighthouse and several other historically significant buildings in the historic town of Eagle River, Michigan.

In 2001 the fog signal building was restored.

The original fourth order Fresnel lens is on display at Dossin Great Lakes Museum in Detroit.  However a similar lens is on display in the lighthouse.  The original stucco fog signal building was restored in 2001.

Sand Hills Light is the "twin" of the ill-fated 1940 Scotch Cap Light on Alaska's Unimak Island. Scotch Cap Light was destroyed on April 1, 1946 when a massive tsunami struck the station, destroying it and killing its five-man crew, the worst disaster to ever befall a land-based Coast Guard light station.

Getting there
Take Highway 41 to Ahmeek, Michigan.  Turn left at the first street and follow the signs to Five Mile Point Road. 7.5 miles up Five Mile Point Road is the  Sand Hills Lighthouse is located  up Five Mile Point Road. On the left there is "a nice sign at the entrance".

The lighthouse operates as the Sand Hills Lighthouse Inn. The Inn is a totally smoke-free environment with no pets and  of private Lake Superior shoreline.

The lighthouse is privately owned. The grounds, dwelling, and tower are open for overnight guests.

See also
 Lighthouses in the United States

References

External links

 Aerial photograph, Sand Hills Light, marinas.com.
 Interactive map of lighthouses in central Lake Superior.
 Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Sand Hills Light.

Category:Lighthouses completed in 1919
Category:Houses completed in 1919
Category:Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Category:Lighthouses in Keweenaw County, Michigan
Category:Bed and breakfasts in Michigan
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Keweenaw County, Michigan


2007 Indiana Hoosiers football team

The 2007 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hoosiers were coached by Bill Lynch, who was in his first season as head coach following the death of Terry Hoeppner. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. With a win over Purdue  in the last game of the regular season, the Hoosiers became bowl eligible for the first time since 1993.

Schedule

2008 NFL Draftees

References

Indiana
Category:Indiana Hoosiers football seasons
Hoos


Fighter (Dungeons & Dragons)

The fighter is one of the standard playable character classes in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. A fighter is a versatile, weapons-oriented warrior who fights using skill, strategy and tactics.

Fighter is a generic and broad class; individual fighters have diverse backgrounds and different styles. Bodyguards, adventurers, former soldiers, invading bandit kings, or master swordsmen are all fighters, yet they come from all walks of life and backgrounds and often find themselves on very different alignments, goals, and sides in a conflict.

Publication history

Dungeons & Dragons
The "Fighting Man" was one of the three classes in the original Dungeons & Dragons game; the other two classes were Magic-User and Cleric.

The paladin was introduced in Supplement I - Greyhawk (1975), as a subclass of Fighting Man.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition
The fighter was one of the standard character classes available in the original Player's Handbook. The fighter was presented as one of the five core classes in the original Players Handbook. In the 1st edition of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, fighters were the class best suited for physical combat, balanced by the weakness of not having any other ability. Fighters did not typically greatly benefit from high intelligence, wisdom or charisma ability scores; the character could obtain higher scores in strength, dexterity and constitution, which increased combat ability.  High hit points (HP), the ability to equip strong armors, and easily the fastest THAC0 progression also helped them in combat.  As an optional and very commonly used rule, fighters could also take Weapon Specialization, which offered further bonuses to hit and damage.

In the Players Handbook, the fighter's hit dice improved to a d10.

Basic Dungeons & Dragons
The fighter was available as a character class in the game's "Basic" edition.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition
The fighter, as part of the "warrior" group, was one of the standard character classes available in the second edition Player's Handbook. The second edition Player's Handbook gives several examples of famous fighters from legend: Hercules, Perseus, Hiawatha, Beowulf, Siegfried, Cuchulain, Little John, Tristan, and Sinbad. The book also cites a number of great generals and warriors: El Cid, Hannibal, Alexander the Great, Charlemagne, Spartacus, Richard the Lionheart, and Belisarius.

The Complete Fighter's Handbook detailed the fighter class, and several subclasses. The book made an attempt to compensate for this class' lack of special abilities. In addition to offering a variety of kits such as the Swashbuckler, Gladiator, and Noble Warrior the handbook introduced several skills that allowed players to customize their warriors' combative abilities. New rules included group weapon proficiencies, continuing specialization, additional rules for unarmed combat, and the introduction of four different fighting styles (Single Weapon, Two Weapon, Weapon and Shield, and Two Handed Weapon).

Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition
In the 3rd edition of the game, the mechanics behind fighters were significantly changed by turning most of their abilities into combat feats from which the fighter could choose some as bonus feats, allowing fighters to choose between a variety of combat techniques more specialized than brute force. Typical fighters in 3/3.5 D&D are sophisticated warriors with a variety of tactics.

Fighters did not undergo major overhaul in the 3.5 revision of Dungeons & Dragons compared to 3rd edition.  The main change was the addition of the Greater Weapon Focus and Greater Weapon Specialization feats (which both increase their attack power with the selected weapons) becoming exclusively available to fighters.  3.5 has seen additional focus on increasing the depth of the fighter's feat trees, as these are the primary (indeed, only) class feature of fighters.

In 2006 the release of the Player's Handbook II greatly increased the number of feats available to fighters as well as provided a number of abilities, similar to the Weapon Specialization ability, that were only available to higher level fighters. While the impact on the popularity of the fighter class remains to be seen, initial reaction from the fan community has been positive.

Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition
The fighter is a core class in 4th edition, and like all other classes uses the new power system where they are classified as having a martial power source. The fighter's role is that of a defender, which involves high hit points, good defensive capabilities and the ability to protect other party members from enemies. Unlike the other core defender, the paladin, the fighter cannot heal allies and has more limited ranged combat capabilities, but has greater damage dealing and mobility control abilities.

Two fighter builds are presented in the Player's Handbook: the Great Weapon Fighter, which focuses on offense, and the Guardian Fighter, which focuses on defense. Martial Power presents two more builds: the Tempest Fighter, which uses two light weapons, and the Battlerager Fighter, which uses axes and hammers and has greatly enhanced resilience in the form of temporary hit points. Fighter attack powers are generally weapon-based and use Strength for attack rolls, although they also have a number of powers which benefit from Dexterity, Wisdom or Constitution. Some fighter attacks have an additional benefit if used with weapons from a specific group, such as axes, spears or light blades.

Dungeons & Dragons Essentials
The Essentials rulebook Heroes of the Fallen Lands presented two alternate versions of the Fighter, the Knight and the Slayer. The Knight focuses on defense, while the Slayer focuses on both offense and defense.

Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition
The fighter has been included as a character class in the 5th edition Player's Handbook. Players may choose from one of three Martial Archetypes at third level: Champion, Battle Master, and Eldritch Knight. Each is intended to provide a different flavour to the base fighter class: the Champion archetype focuses on simplistic power, the Battle Master focuses on a unique resource that is used to empower weapon flourishes known as maneuvers, and the Eldritch Knight offers limited access to magic.

Later published supplements expanded upon the fighter class by granting additional options for these subclasses. The Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide supplement adds the Purple Dragon Knight to the Martial Archetype options, which focuses upon assisting and supporting allies. The later supplement Xanathar's Guide to Everything adds the Arcane Archer, Cavalier, and Samurai as player options. The Arcane Archer uses a unique resource of magically-empowered trick shots, the Cavalier focuses on mounted combat, defending their allies and marking foes for engagement, and the Samurai focuses on resilience, swift strikes, and social interaction.

Non-player character
Outside of the player base classes, in 3rd edition the Warrior class is a simplified and weakened version of the fighter, intended to be used as a non-player character, as town guard for example.

Reception
Screen Rant rated the fighter class as the 2nd most powerful class of the base 12 character classes in the 5th edition.

The Gamer rated the 5th edition fighter subclass Samurai as the 10th most awesome subclass out of the 32 new character options in Xanathar’s Guide to Everything.

Gus Wezerek, for FiveThirtyEight, reported that of the 5th edition "class and race combinations per 100,000 characters that players created on D&D Beyond from" August 15 to September 15, 2017, fighters were the most created at 13,906 total. Human (4,888) was the most common racial combination followed by dwarf (2,009) and then dragonborn (1,335). Wezerek wrote "when I started playing 'Dungeons & Dragons' five years ago, I never would have chosen the game’s most popular match: the human fighter. There are already enough human fighters in movies, TV and books — my first character was an albino dragonborn sorcerer. But these days I can get behind the combo’s simplicity".

References

External links
 D&D Wiki has all the SRD Classes, along with the Fighter.

Category:Dungeons & Dragons character classes


Simon Ateak

Simon Ateak (born 22 September 1993) is a Ghanaian cricketer. He was named in Ghana's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in South Africa. He played in Ghana's opening fixture, against Germany, on 3 September 2017.

In April 2018, he was named the man of the match in Ghana's second and third fixtures of the 2018 ICC World Twenty20 African Sub Regional Qualifier tournament. At the end of the qualifier, he was named the player of the tournament.

In May 2019, he was named in Ghana's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Ghana against Namibia on 20 May 2019.

References

External links

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ghanaian cricketers
Category:Ghana Twenty20 International cricketers
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Sera Gönpasar Hermitage

Sera Gönpasar Hermitage is a historical hermitage, belonging to Sera Monastery. It is located north of Lhasa in Tibet.

Footnotes
The Tibetan and Himalayan Library

Category:Buddhist hermitages in Lhasa
Category:Sera Monastery


Dracula Hakushaku

(also known as Count Dracula) is a 1992 Japan-exclusive text adventure video game released for the NEC PC-9801, Sharp X68000 and FM Towns.

See also
Dracula in popular culture
List of Japanese erotic video games

External links
Dracula Hakushaku at fandc.co.jp
Dracula Hakushaku complete overview at Giant Bomb
Dracula Hakushaku at MobyGames
Dracula Hakushaku at NEC PC-9801 Data Base
Dracula Hakushaku (Sharp X68000) at GameFAQs

Category:1992 video games
Category:Adventure games
Category:Eroge
Category:Erotic video games
Category:1990s interactive fiction
Category:Japan-exclusive video games
Category:FM Towns games
Category:NEC PC-9801 games
Category:Sharp X68000 games
Category:Video games based on Dracula
Category:Video games developed in Japan


ISO 3166-2:TM

ISO 3166-2:TM is the entry for Turkmenistan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Turkmenistan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 5 regions and 1 city. The city Ashgabat is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the regions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Turkmenistan. The second part is a letter.

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:

See also
 Subdivisions of Turkmenistan
 FIPS region codes of Turkmenistan

External links
 ISO Online Browsing Platform: TM
 Provinces of Turkmenistan, Statoids.com

2:TM
*ISO 3166-2
Category:Turkmenistan-related lists


Paulding

Paulding may refer to:

Places
Antarctica
Paulding Bay, Antarctica
United States
Paulding, Michigan
Paulding, Mississippi
Paulding, Missouri
Paulding, New Jersey
Paulding, Ohio
Paulding County, Georgia
Paulding County, Ohio

U.S. ships
USS Paulding (DD-22), U.S. Navy destroyer named after Hiram Paulding
USS James K. Paulding (DD-238), U.S. Navy destroyer
Paulding class destroyer

Other uses
Paulding (surname)
Paulding Light, a light that appears in a valley outside Paulding, Michigan
Ruth Paulding Middle School, California


Andra Gavrilović

Andra Gavrilović (; 11 July 1864, in Svilajnac, Principality of Serbia – 24 February 1929, in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was Serbian historian, historian of literature, writer and diplomat.

He also specialized in works of Dositej Obradović.

Gavrilović disagreed with opinion of Jovan Tomić that figure of Djemo the Mountaineer was based on Jegen Osman Pasha. In his polemic work 'Who wasn't Djemo the Mountaineer, correction of someone's literary-historical mistake' (). he emphasized that Djemo was in fact Albanian nobleman Gjin Muzaki because he assumed that Serbian epic poetry about struggle between Marko Kraljević and Djemo the Mountaneer was based on real struggles between Prince Marko and Muzaka family from Albania.

According to Andra Gavrilović the figure of Vuča General is based on Tanush Dukagjin, a member of Dukagjini noble family from Albania.

References

Category:Serbian historians
Category:Serbian writers
Category:1864 births
Category:1929 deaths


Eytan Ben-David

Eytan Ben-David (Hebrew:  איתן בן-דוד; born in 1963) is a former senior Israel Security Agency official, currently serving as Acting National Security Advisor and Head of the National Security Council in the Office of the Prime Minister of Israel.

Biography
Ben-David, son of Aliza and the late Azaria Witihovsky, was raised in Kiryat Ono. He was drafted into the IDF in 1982. He volunteered as a paratrooper in the Paratroopers Brigade. He served as a soldier and a squad leader. In 1983 he became an infantry officer after completing Officer Candidate School and served as a platoon leader and company commander in the Bislamach Brigade and fought in the  first Lebanon War. In 1986, he retired from the IDF and joined the Israel Security Agency (then the General Security Service).

Ben-David began his career in the ISA Protection and Security Division and served in a number of command posts, including Regional Security Director for Europe between 2002-2005, Deputy Head of El Al's Aviation Security Division (on loan from the ISA) between 2005-2006, Head of the Dignitary Protection Unit between 2006-2010 and Deputy Head of the Protection and Security Division. In 2012, he retired from the ISA and was appointed Chief of the Counterterrorism Bureau and Deputy Head of the National Security Council in the Prime Minister's Office until his recent appointment as Acting National Security Adviser and Head of the National Security Council.

Personal life
Ben-David holds a BA in History of the Middle East and Geography from Tel Aviv University and a MA in Administration and Public Policy from the Herzlia Interdisciplinary Center.

He is married to Ella and the father of three.

References

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:Israeli Jews
Category:Israeli soldiers
Category:People of the Shin Bet
Category:Tel Aviv University alumni


Latvian National Awakening

The Latvian National Awakening () refers to three distinct but ideologically related National revival movements:

 the First Awakening refers to the national revival led by the Young Latvians from the 1850s to the 1880s,
 the Second Awakening or "New Current" was the movement that led to the proclamation of Latvian independence in 1918, and
 the Third Awakening was the movement that led to the restoration of Latvia's independence in the "Singing Revolution" of 1987–1991.

Application of the term
Though the term "Awakening" was introduced by the Young Latvians themselves, its application was influenced by the nationalist ideologue Ernests Blanks and later by the academician Jānis Stradiņš. Stradiņš was the first person to use the term "Third Awakening" (at the expanded plenum of the Writers' Union of the Latvian SSR in June 1988), opposing those who had begun to call the national revival in the period of glasnost the Second Awakening (the first being that of the Young Latvians).

Blanks sought to distinguish between the New Current (in Latvian: Jaunā strāva) — a broad and radical socio-economic, political, and cultural movement that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1905 Revolution, led by Rainis and influenced by Marxism — from the more nationalistic direction taken in 1903 by Ernests Rolavs and Miķelis Valters; to Blanks, the 1890s "could be stricken completely from the history of national thought." He saw Rolavs' and Valters' nationalist Latvian Social Democratic Union (in Latvian: Sociāldemokratu savienība; sometimes abbreviated SDS) — a radical socialist group critical of the cosmopolitanism of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Latvijas sociāldemokrātiskā strādnieku partija; LSDSP) — as the direct ideological descendants of the Young Latvians. It was the SDS (and especially Valters) that first began to formulate demands for Latvia's political autonomy

Stradiņš based his view of the national revival in the 1980s on Blanks, considering the Second Awakening similarly: he viewed the organization of the Latvian riflemen, the activities of the Latvian émigrés in Switzerland, the Latvian refugees' relief committee in Russia, the proclamation of independence and the battles for independence as coming under the heading of the Second Awakening.  Less frequently, some have seen the New Current and the 1905 Revolution — and sometimes even the Khrushchev Thaw — as National Awakenings.

References

See also
Ernests Blanks: Latvju tautas ceļš uz neatkarīgu valsti. Västerås: Ziemeļblāzma, 1970.
Jānis Stradiņš: Trešā atmoda. Rīga: Zinātne, 1992.

Category:Latvian nationalism


2019 Winton SuperSprint

The 2019 Winton SuperSprint was a motor racing event for the Supercars Championship, held on 24-26 May 2019. The event was held at the Winton Motor Raceway near Benalla, Victoria and consisted of two races of 120 and 200 kilometres in length. It was the sixth round of fifteen in the 2019 Supercars Championship and hosted Races 13 and 14 of the season.

DJR Team Penske's Scott McLaughlin won both races, further extending his championship lead.

Report

Background

Entry alterations
The event was open to wildcard entries which saw the grid expand to twenty-five cars. Brad Jones Racing entered a Holden Commodore ZB for Jack Smith, who made his second event start in the Supercars Championship, following his wildcard entry at the 2019 Tasmania SuperSprint.

Richie Stanaway withdrew from the event following Race 13 due to a neck injury. He was replaced for the remainder of the event by nominated endurance co-driver Chris Pither.

References

Winton SuperSprint
Winton SuperSprint


1988 PBA All-Filipino Conference

The 1988 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) All-Filipino Conference was the second conference of the 1988 PBA season. It started on June 26 and ended on September 13, 1988. The tournament is an All-Filipino format, which doesn't require an import for each team. The Philippine national basketball team played as guest team for this conference.

Format
The following format will be observed for the duration of the conference:
 Double-round robin eliminations; 12 games per team; Teams are then seeded by basis on win-loss records.
 The two teams with the worst record after the elimination round will be eliminated.
 Semifinals will be two round robin affairs with the five remaining teams. Results from the elimination round will be carried over.
 The top two teams in the semifinals advance to the best of five finals.  The last two teams dispute the third-place trophy in a best-of-three playoff.

Elimination round

Semifinal round

Finals berth playoff

Battle for third

Finals

References

Category:PBA Philippine Cup
All


Schweizer-Reneke

Schweizer-Reneke, sometimes referred to as Schweizer, is a town  in the North West Province of South Africa. It is the administrative centre of Mamusa Local Municipality. It is commonly referred to as SR and the City of Sunflowers.

History

Schweizer-Reneke was formerly part of the old Transvaal Republic. Founded on 1 October 1888, the town is situated on the banks of the Harts River, with six regional roads exiting the town. The town is named after Captain C.A. Schweizer and Field Cornet C.N. Reyneke. Both men distinguished themselves and were among the ten soldiers killed while storming the stronghold of the Khoi Koi Koranna Khoe and their chief David Massouw on the nearby Mamusa Hill on 2 December 1885 during an action to put an end to cattle rustling in the area. The remains of the stone fortifications of Chief David Massouw can still be seen on Mamusa Hill.

Economy

The principal crops of the region around Schweizer-Reneke are mainly maize, sorghum, groundnuts and sunflower seeds. In addition, cattle and sheep farming is practiced in the region on a relatively large scale on the grasslands where the soil is unsuitable for cultivation. Schweizer-Reneke is rich in diamond deposits. This led to large scale private diamond mining in the area.

Wenzel Dam, just north of the town on the Harts River, has been developed into a holiday resort but sadly is now abandoned.

Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the town of Schweizer-Reneke proper has a population of 2,601, while the adjacent township of Ipelegeng has a population of 30,053, giving the urban area a total population of 32,654.

91.5% of the people in the urban area described themselves as "Black African", 5.6% as "White", 2.5% as "Coloured", and 0.4% as "Indian or Asian". 69.8% of the people of the town proper described themselves as "White", whereas 98.4% of the people of Ipelegeng township described themselves as "Black African".

85.6% of the people in the urban area speak Tswana as their first language, while 7.3% speak Afrikaans, 3.5% speak Sotho and 1.7% speak Xhosa.

Education
The town has public secondary schools:
Hoërskool Schweizer Reneke
Ipelegeng High School
Itshupeng Secondary School
Reabetswe Secondary School

It also has public primary schools:
Laerskool Schweizer Reneke
Kolong Primary School
Ikgomotseng Primary School
Kgatontle Primary School
Tshwaraganelo Primary School
Mamusa Primary School
Charon Primary School
 Roshunville Primary School

Notable people

 Wynand Claassen, former Springbok rugby captain was born here.
 Ahmed Kathrada a South African politician
 Elisabeth Eybers –  Poet
 Irma Stern – Artist
 Essop Pahad, politician

Sport
Schweizer Reneke is home to a soccer club "Mamusa United FC" that plays in the provincial football league.
There is also a big soccer team formed by the Department of Social Development: Mamusa Service Point. The team boasts with local popular players like Molwantwa Sheriff Lehihi, Kwenzekile Scova Mqweba and Peter Maiyane Kgalapa amongst others.

See also
Taung
Ipelegeng

References

Category:Populated places in the Mamusa Local Municipality
Category:Populated places established in 1888


Lachyang

Lachyang is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3633 people living in 720 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Nuwakot District

Category:Populated places in Nuwakot District


Gundam Gaiden II

Gundam Gaiden II is a video game developed and published by Bandai for the Sega Saturn.

Gameplay
Gundam Gaiden II is a game with missions that include destroy or protect, and simple escorts.

Reception
Next Generation reviewed the Saturn version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "Gundam Gaiden II is more an expansion pack rather than a separate game, and it should be considered as such. In that light, the game's slight graphical improvement but expanded mission goals and AI make it a welcome, if not fantastic, addition to the Saturn game library."

References

Category:Sega Saturn games


Dr. J.O. Cotton House

The Dr. J.O. Cotton House is a historic house at the southeast corner of Arkansas Highway 66 and High street in Leslie, Arkansas.  It is a single-story Craftsman style structure, with an irregular layout focused on a gable-roofed rectangular core.  A small single-story gabled wing extends to the right, and the entry porch projects forward from the left side of the front facade, with a gable roof that has exposed rafters and is supported by decorative braces on tall brick piers.  It was built in 1915, originally at Walnut and High Streets, for one of the community's early doctors.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Searcy County, Arkansas

References

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Category:Houses completed in 1915
Category:Houses in Searcy County, Arkansas
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Searcy County, Arkansas


Cylindrocopturus binotatus

Cylindrocopturus binotatus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Curculionidae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1876


Radix heap

A radix heap is a data structure for realizing the operations of a monotone priority queue. A set of elements to which a key is assigned can then be managed. The run time of the operations depends on the difference between the largest and smallest key or constant. The data structure consists mainly of a series of buckets, the size of which increases exponentially.

Prerequisites
 all keys are natural numbers;
 max. key - min. key  C for constant C;
 the extract-min operation is monotonic; that is, the values returned by successive extract-min calls are monotonically increasing.

Description of data structure
The three most important fields are:
  of size , with 0 as the lowest index, stores the buckets;
  of size , with 0 as the lowest index, store the (lower) bounds of the buckets;
 , holds for each element  in the heap the bucket in which it is stored.

The above diagram shows the data structure. The following invariants apply:

  key in : the keys in  are up or down through the value in  or  limited.
  and  for : the sizes of the buckets increase exponentially.

It is important to note the exponential growth of the limits (and thus the range that a bucket holds). In this way the logarithmic dependence of the field quantities is of value C, the maximum difference between two key values.

Operations

During initialization, empty buckets are generated and the lower bounds  are generated (according to invariant 2); running time .

During insert, a new element  is linearly moved from right to left through the buckets and the new element with  is stored in the left bucket to that ; running time .

For decrease-key, first the key value is decreased (checking for compliance with the invariants).  Then, the  field is used to locate the element and it is iterated to the left, if necessary, analogously to the insert operation.  The running time is  (amortized).

The extract-min operation removes an element from bucket  and returns it. If the bucket  is not yet empty, the operation is terminated. If, however, it is empty, the next larger non-empty bucket is searched, its smallest element  tracked and  is set to k (monotonicity is required for this). Then, according to the invariants, the bucket boundaries are redefined and the elements removed  to the newly formed buckets; running time  (amortized).

If displayed, the field  is updated.

References
 B.V. Cherkassky, A.V. Goldberg, C. Silverstein: Buckets, Heaps, Lists and Monotone Priority Queues (Abstract), in: Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. January 1997, pp. 83-92.

Category: Data structures


Wolcott (village), New York

Wolcott is a village in Wayne County, New York, United States. The population was 1,701 at the 2010 census.  The name is from a former governor of Connecticut.

The Village of Wolcott is in the southwest part of the Town of Wolcott and is west of Syracuse, New York.  Part of the southward spread of the village is in the Town of Butler.

History
The land where the village is now located was purchased in 1805 by Jonathan Melvin.

The area was settled by people from New England.

The village was first incorporated in 1852 and re-incorporated in 1873.

In the years 1874, 1876, 1879, and 1884 the village experienced major destructive fires.

A statue of "Venus arising from the sea" was purchased for $875 in 1913 to mark a public drinking fountain at a natural spring.  This statue was one of six and still stands proudly in the center of the village.

Wolcott means "wolf's denn or cottage"

The Wolcott Square Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.1 km²), of which, 2.0 square miles (5.1 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (1.02%) is water.

Wolcott Creek flows northward through the village and empties into Port Bay, an arm of Lake Ontario.

County Roads 155, 160, 163 (Ridge Road, Old Route 104), and 261 converge on the village. New York State Route 104 and New York State Route 89 are immediately south of the village.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,701 people, 702 households, and 410 families residing in the village. The population density was 895.3 people per square mile (333.5/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 93.6% White, 3.0% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.6% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.4% of the population.

There were 702 households out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.6% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the village, the population was spread out with 29.2% under the age of 20, 4.9% from 20 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $42,083. Males had a median income of $34,485 versus $35,583 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,743. About 20.8% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.0% of those under age 18 and 21.9% of those age 65 or over.

Housing
There were 766 housing units at an average density of 403.2 per square mile (150.2/km²). 8.4% of housing units were vacant.

There were 702 occupied housing units in the village. 415 were owner-occupied units (59.1%), while 287 were renter-occupied (40.9%). The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.7% of total units. The rental unit vacancy rate was 6.2%.

References

External links

  Wolcott Chamber of Commerce
 Wolcott Historical Society
  RW&O Railroad, Wolcott, New York

Category:1852 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Populated places established in 1852
Category:Villages in Wayne County, New York
Category:Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Category:Villages in New York (state)


Birdman and the Galaxy Trio

Birdman and the Galaxy Trio is an animated television series by Hanna-Barbera Productions that debuted on NBC on September 9, 1967, and ran on Saturday mornings until September 6, 1969. The program consists of two segments: Birdman, depicting the adventures of a winged superhero (created by Alex Toth, creator of Space Ghost) powered by the sun, and (The) Galaxy Trio, centered around the adventures of a patrol of interstellar superheroes. Each segment was a complete independent story, and the characters of each segment did not interact with those of the other.

The character of Birdman was revived three decades later in the parody Cartoon Network/Adult Swim TV series Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, and several characters from Birdman and the Galaxy Trio appeared in this revival.

Main characters

Birdman
 Birdman (voiced by Keith Andes) – An ordinary human who has been endowed by the sun god Ra with the ability to shoot solar rays from his fists and project quasi-solid "solar shields" to defend himself against attacks. (Birdman's origin is only vaguely, and only briefly, hinted at during the series. His real name is there given as Raymond "Ray" Randall, though in the parody series, he is renamed "Harvey".) After he had acquired his avian—and other—powers, he was recruited by a top-secret government agency, Inter-Nation Security, and now works full-time fighting crime, assisted by his eagle sidekick, who responds to the name of "Avenger". In addition to the abilities he received from Ra, Birdman also possesses the power of flight, thanks to the giant wings which sprout from his back. It is possible Birdman is fireproof; being forced into an incinerator recharged rather than hurt him. His sole weakness is that he has to recharge his super-human powers periodically, through exposure either to the sun's rays or to a comparable source of heat and/or light such as a desk lamp (when he was once shrunken to insect proportions) or the aforementioned incinerator, a weakness that is exposed in nearly every episode. His trademark is his battle cry of "Biiiiirdman!!!" whenever he goes into battle.
 Falcon 7 (voiced by Don Messick) – Birdman's eye patch-wearing contact with Inter-Nation Security, and the person from whom Birdman typically receives his missions.
 Birdboy (voiced by Dick Beals) – A sidekick for Birdman. The two first met when Birdman happened upon a shipwreck, of which Birdboy was the only apparent survivor. Since the boy was near death from exposure, Birdman transferred some of his own super energy to him, reviving him and giving powers similar to Birdman's, and he went on to aid him in several episodes. Birdboy lacks the natural feathered wings sported by Birdman, however, and is only able to fly with the assistance of the mechanical wings strapped to his back. He spends much of his time searching for his father, who was lost in the wreck, but this is never resolved.
 General Stone (voiced by Don Messick) – General Stone appears several times in Birdman with other military leaders, and tends to find himself on the receiving end of the villains' schemes.
 Number One (voiced by John Stephenson and Vic Perrin) – The leader of the sinister organization F.E.A.R. and Birdman's "number one" enemy. F.E.A.R. is behind many plots over the course of the series, frequently employing supervillains to perform nefarious tasks. The organization was seemingly defeated for good and its leader arrested in "The Wings of FEAR", but it occasionally resurfaced without any explanation.

Minor villains
 Dr. Millennium (voiced by Hal Smith): A super-villain who appeared in "The Menace of Dr. Millennium", using a time-manipulating machine to commit crimes, and "The Revenge of Dr. Millennium", where he tried to exact his revenge on Birdman and take over the world from the past.
 X the Eliminator (voiced by John Stephenson): A mercenary hired by F.E.A.R. to eliminate Birdman. He is charged with bringing back Birdman's crest from his helmet as proof of his accomplishment.
 The Ruthless Ringmaster (voiced by Vic Perrin): Agent of F.E.A.R.
 Morto the Marauder: A criminal genius and evidently once a significant threat to the world, Morto twice escaped from prison with his mechanical know-how and wreaked havoc in "Morto the Marauder" and "Morto Rides Again".
 Cumulus the Storm King (voiced by Henry Corden): A supervillain who can control the weather.
 Nitron the Human Bomb: A scientist who got the capabilities and powers of a chemical called NITRON. He is eager to join F.E.A.R, for which Number One tells him to finish the atomic reactor USS-CO-BOLT and Birdman but fails.
 Mummer: A supervillain who is a master of disguise. Unlike most of his enemies, Mummer was able to escape from him thanks to his disguises.
 Kiroff: A supervillain who was responsible for causing worldwide earthquakes.
 Zardo: A supervillain who one time captured Avenger.
 Constrictor: Dressed like a snake and has two boa constrictors as his pets, this supervillain captures Avenger and tries to use him in order to capture Birdman. Birdman finds Avenger and burns Constrictor's headquarters down. Constrictor realizes Birdman is too powerful to be defeated and manages to escape, Birdman never caught The Constrictor.
 Reducto (voiced by John Stephenson): A supervillain who wields a shrink ray. He uses this ray to demand money from Central City or he will shrink it. After being defeated by Birdman, he is shrunken down to microscopic size.
 Doctor Shark: A supervillain who fought Birdman underwater and had the face of a shark, but the body of a man. Birdman had to constantly regain his strength by battling Doctor Shark in small increments so that he did not lose his energy from being away from the sun. Doctor Shark was eventually defeated.
 Hannibal the Hunter: A big game hunter who is determined to hunt down Birdman.
 Mentok the Mind-Taker (voiced by Don Messick): Mentok has the ability to send cerebral messages to a person or animal to do his bidding. He uses this ability to get Birdman to steal missiles from the United States government. He plans on using these missiles to start a war between two countries.
 Dr. Freezoid: Dr. Freezoid has a weapon that can turn an entire city block into ice. He has a retreat in the North Pole. Birdman causes him to self-destruct his base of operations with his own weapons. In Birdman: The Legend of the Bird, he used to be president Calvin Coolidge but suffered a disease that caused him to be cold-blooded and him turning into an ice demon.
 Deadly Duplicator (voiced by Frank Gerstle): An old man with large glasses, Deadly Duplicator uses his glasses to create duplicates of the people that he zaps. Deadly Duplicator has full control over the twin and uses them to help him in his plans to take over the world, but of course is thwarted by Birdman.
 Professor Nightshade: An Agent of F.E.A.R., he steals a solar box that has the power to send entire cities into the fourth dimension. Professor Nightshade traps Birdman and tries to use the solar box on him, but it reacts to Birdman differently: instead of sending Birdman into the fourth dimension it gives him energy to become strong. When Prof. Nightshade tries to use it again on him it reflects off of Birdman and Nightshade accidentally sends himself into the fourth dimension. Birdman then destroys the machine.
 Chameleon: A scientist who created a transformation serum that gave him the ability to shapeshift into whatever he wants, whether it's people, animals, or even inanimate objects. In the end the serum in his body ran out and Birdman handed him over the police.
 Moray of the Deep: Captain Moray abducts his seventh scientist. He forces them to develop a nuclear reactor. Birdman disguises himself as a scientist and gets abducted by Moray, but Moray knew it was him and a great battle ensues. Birdman is then captured for real. He sends a signal to Birdboy to find him. As Birdman is about to enter a nuclear reactor (which should have killed him) his energy is instead restored, thus ending the villainy of Captain Moray.
 Aliens of the Purple Moss: These were aliens who came to earth to take it over. Fortunately Birdman was informed and stopped the aliens in a heated battle.
 The Brain Thief (voiced by Don Messick): A mad scientist named Doctor Shado captures four other scientists and tries to steal the information in their minds.
 Dr. Mentaur: A scientist who turned a woman into Birdgirl through hypnosis, a super serum, and some metal wings. Eventually he was defeated and Birdgirl became normal again.
 Birdgirl: Created by Dr. Mentaur through hypnosis, a super serum and some metal wings. She was an aerialist before she met Dr. Mentaur. While under hypnosis, she was used to defeat Birdman. While captured, Birdman tricked her into letting him go outside as a last request. Regaining his strength from the sun, this allowed Birdman to defeat Dr. Mentaur and save Birdgirl.
 The Incredible Magnatroid: This was a robot created by a scientist to destroy Birdman.
 Medusa (voiced by June Foray): Aka "The Empress of Evil" captures the Prince of the Maja Raja and then captures Birdman. The Prince gives Birdman a diamond from his turban that he says came from the sun god, Ra. After giving it to Birdman, Birdman is able to regain his strength and defeat Medusa.
 Spyro: Head of a master spy syndicate, he hijacked the atomic city supply train to do some evil bidding.
 Dr. Claw: A scientist that used an Ant serum to inject into his creation the Ant Ape. When he injects his robot creation the Ant Ape becomes super strong and nearly unstoppable, but Birdman defeats them. (This Dr. Claw is much different from the one in Inspector Gadget.)
 The Speed Demon: A convicted felon already put away by Birdman retaliates by creating a potion that gives him super speed. He runs around stealing money and jewels from various places. He then realizes that with his new power he cannot be defeated. Speed Demon captures Birdman and almost defeats him, but Birman comes out on top. In the end Speed Demon's speed causes his aging process to speed up rapidly and he becomes an old man, losing the battle.
 Vulturo (voiced by Don Messick): Dr. Vult is an evil scientist who made a vulture-like costume to combat Birdman. He appeared in two episodes of Birdman and the Galaxy Trio: in "Vulturo, Prince Of Darkness", where he was hired by F.E.A.R. to destroy Birdman, and "Return Of Vulturo", in which he tried to exact his revenge.
 Murro (sic) the Marauder: This evil villain can commandeer the shadows of unsuspecting victims. Although the episode title card identifies the character as Murro, he is referred to "Murko" throughout the segment.

Galaxy Trio
The Galaxy Trio is a group of three extraterrestrial superheroes, Vapor Man, Meteor Man, and Gravity Girl, who patrol space in their cruiser Condor One maintaining order and fighting evildoers in the name of the Galactic Patrol law enforcement agency. The ship was equipped with a "displacer", that is, a teleportation device.

 Vapor Man (voiced by Don Messick) – He has the ability to transform part or all of his body into gaseous form (a power shared by at least some residents of his home planet of Vaporus), enabling him to fly, escape from physical bonds, and squeeze through very small spaces, as well as producing various forms of "vapor" (such as "freeze vapor") from his hands.
 Meteor Man (voiced by Ted Cassidy) – A native of the planet Meteorus. Meteor Man is distinguished by his ability to increase or decrease the size of any part of his body. He gains superhuman strength in any limb that he chooses to enlarge.
 Gravity Girl (voiced by Virginia Eiler) – She has the ability to bend the laws of gravity to her will, allowing her to fly and lift very heavy objects with her mind. The daughter of the king of the planet Gravitas, she left her luxurious home and life of privilege at an early age to fight crime with the Galactic Patrol and was subsequently assigned to the Galaxy Trio team, with whom she has served ever since.

Minor characters
 Chief: A man referred to only as "Chief" is a recurring character in Galaxy Trio. He fulfills a similar role to that of Falcon 7 in Birdman.

Episodes
Each episode featured two Birdman segments with one Galaxy Trio segment between them.

In other media
Birdman appeared in issues 1 through 7 (April 1968 – October 1969) of the Hanna-Barbera Super TV Heroes comic book, published by Gold Key Comics. He was joined in issue 2 by the Galaxy Trio (their first appearance together).

In 1997, he was also featured in issue #5 of DC Comics' Cartoon Network Presents: Toonami comic book series.

In 2016, Birdman and the Galaxy Trio played a major role in the DC Comics series Future Quest, that also featured characters from various animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera such as Jonny Quest, Space Ghost, The Herculoids, Frankenstein, Jr. and The Impossibles and Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor.

Home media
On July 17, 2007, Warner Home Video released Birdman & The Galaxy Trio - The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1. Birdman accidentally appeared on the menu screen for the DC Super Heroes: The Filmation Adventures, a DVD set which featured DC Comics based superhero cartoons produced by Filmation, in 2008. Warner Home Video has stated that this was a mistake, and that Hawkman was supposed to be in Birdman's place.

In other languages

Japanese: 電子鳥人Ｕバード/銀河トリオ (Denshi Chōjin Yū-Bādo / Ginga Torio; "Electronic Superhuman U-Bird / Galaxy Trio")

References

External links

Birdman and the Galaxy Trio at HBShows.com
The Birdman FAQ
The Galaxy Trio at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on July 31, 2016.

Category:1967 American television series debuts
Category:1968 American television series endings
Category:American children's animated action television series
Category:American children's animated space adventure television series
Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series
Category:Television series by Hanna-Barbera
Category:NBC original programming
Category:1960s American animated television series
Category:Hanna-Barbera superheroes
Galaxy Trio
Category:American children's animated superhero television series
Category:English-language television programs


Isaac Bear Early College High School

Isaac Bear Early College High School, also called Isaac Bear, is a selective-enrollment school at 630 MacMillan Avenue, Wilmington, North Carolina. The premises are situated on UNCW campus and were founded in the auditorium of Annie H. Snipes Elementary school in the year 2006. New Hanover County Schools operates this school with the support of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and the Gates Foundation. Students must apply to attend this school; no more than 100 submissions are accepted per year. As of the 2008-2009 school year, only 62/ 63 students were accepted. The program allows for students to work and earn up to 60 college credits, which, on average, are worth about $15,210. "As a partner in the North Carolina University System and the North Carolina New Schools Project, Isaac Bear Early College High School provides an accelerated, college-ready education by cultivating an environment of mature scholarship and leadership."

Background and Original Building
The original Isaac Bear Building, located at Market and 13th Streets, served as the first home of Wilmington College, outside the public school system. Classes were first held there in 1947. Constructed in 1912, the name of the first building was given by Samuel Bear, Jr. (1854-1916) as a memorial to his brother, Isaac Bear. The Bear family, owners of an intrastate wholesale dry goods firm located on Front Street, made a number of large donations to better the community such as a wing to James Walker Memorial Hospital. Isaac Bear was known as "one of Wilmington's most capable and highly esteemed businessmen." He was a member of North State Lodge of B'Nai Brith, past Grand President of District Grand Lodge, and B.P.O.E Elks #532. Upon his death, the Isaac Bear Memorial School served to remember "the close friendship and devotion between the brothers and their interest in public welfare." The school and its name stands as a memorial to Samuel Bear Jr.'s original intentions - to honor his late brother Isaac.

The Early College Program
Early College High Schools are small, autonomous schools where students complete all high school requirements and up to 60 hours of college credit during their four years of high school. Early College High Schools make higher education more accessible, affordable, and attractive by bridging the divide between high school and college; eliminate time wasted during the junior and senior years of high school and facilitate the transition of motivated students to higher education; provide intensive guidance and support from adults through the start of college coursework; and demonstrate new ways of integrating levels of schooling to better serve the intellectual and developmental needs of young people.

The Gates Foundation Contributions
In 2002, the Early College High School Initiative launched, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Contributions from this organization, (totaling in over $124 million, as of 2008), assisted in the founding of over 230 early colleges across 28 of the 50 United States, 10 of these existing in North Carolina. It is because of these generous contributions that Isaac Bear and other like Early College programs have been able to sustain themselves.

References

Wilmington Star, Published July 12. 2006 3:30AM: Program helps high schoolers get a jump on college studies. By Sam Scott

External links
Official website

Bear, Isaac
Category:Schools in Wilmington, North Carolina


Memory implantation

Memory implantation is a technique used in cognitive psychology to investigate human memory. In memory implantation studies researchers make people believe that they remember an event that actually never happened. The false memories that have been successfully implanted in people’s memories include remembering being lost in a mall as a child, taking a hot air balloon ride, and putting slime in a teacher’s desk in primary school.

Memory implantation techniques were developed in the 1990s as a way of providing evidence of how easy it is to distort people's memories of past events. Most of the studies on memory implantation were published in the context of the debate about repressed memories and the possible danger of digging for lost memories in therapy. The successful implantation of memories in people’s minds has implications for therapy and legal settings.

Successful memory implantation

Published studies
The first formal studies using memory implantation were published in the early 1990s, the most famous being "The Formation of False Memories" (commonly referred to as the "Lost in the Mall" study) by Loftus and Pickrell. The basic technique used in this study involved asking family members of a participant to provide narratives of events that happened when they were young and then add another event that definitely had not happened. The participants saw these four narratives and were told to try to remember as much as possible about each event. Across a number of studies using memory implantation, about 37% of people have come to remember parts of or entire events that never actually happened.

Other studies have expanded on this paradigm by introducing photos instead of narratives. Wade and colleagues found that 50% of people came to remember details of a hot air balloon ride that never happened, after seeing a manipulated photo depicting the event.  Later it has been argued that photos by themselves do not produce more false memories than narratives, but that both methods have the power to successfully implant false memories.  Real photos have also been found to increase the creation of false memories. In a study by Lindsay and colleagues people were shown a childhood photo from the same time period as the false event. Seeing the photo resulted in more false memories, even when the photos did not depict the actual event.

In a study with children 1999 Pezdek and Hodge found that it was easier to implant a memory of a plausible event (being lost in a mall) than an implausible one (receiving a rectal enema). Later follow up studies, however, show that the perceived plausibility of a false event can be changed, making the false event easier to implant. Taken together, these findings show that there are many factors that are important for the way people remember events.

Mazzoni et al. also suggest a 3 processes model for the development of false memories through suggestions. The first process is to make people perceive the event as plausible, the second is to make people believe it is likely to have happened to them and the third step is to help people interpret thoughts and fantasies about the event as memories. Other factors influencing the likelihood of producing false memories include imagining the events and making a source-monitoring error, specifically reality monitoring.

Legal case
A real life example of memory implantation occurred during the criminal case against Paul Ingram. Ingram was accused by his daughters of recurring sexual abuse in their childhood. Ingram denied all allegations at first but after being interviewed by police and therapists he came to remember multiple instances of abuse.

Psychologist Richard Ofshe considered this confession a result of suggestive questioning and decided to test his theory. He told Ingram about a made-up scenario and said it was another accusation made by his children. Ofshe asked Ingram to try and remember as much as possible about this new event. Ingram could not recall anything straight away but after thinking about it for some time came up with a written confession where he described in detail what had happened. His children confirmed to Ofshe that the event had never actually happened, Ingram had created an entirely false memory of an event after suggestions from Ofshe. Ofshe considered this successful memory implantation evidence of Paul Ingram’s suggestibility and in his opinion it questions the accuracy of Ingram's other confessions. Whether or not this example is generalizable to other legal cases involving recovered memories of sexual abuse, it does show how important it is to have corroborative evidence even in cases where the suspect confesses.

Implications
The methods used in memory implantation studies are meant to mimic those used by some therapists to recover repressed memories of childhood events. The high rate of people "remembering" false events shows that memories cannot always be taken at face value. Being told to go home and look at old photos to jog your memory can help you remember real events, but paired with suggestions from a therapist it might also lead to false memories.

Memory implantation studies are also similar to recovered memory therapy in the way that they involve an authoritative figure claiming to know that the event actually happened and applying pressure on the participant/patient to remember.

Memory implantation techniques in general also illustrate how people can relatively easily come to remember things that actually never happened. This poses a big problem for criminal confessions resulting from suggestive questioning by police and others and also for  the accuracy associated with eyewitness memory.

It has been argued that memory implantation studies are not applicable to real life memories of trauma such as childhood sexual abuse. As it is not ethical to try to implant false memories of sexual abuse researchers have tried to get around this by choosing other events that are seen as negative but not traumatic. Being lost in a shopping mall for example would be a negative experience for most children. Hyman and colleagues used memory implantation techniques with emotional events such as a specific birthday party (positive) and being hospitalized overnight (negative). They found that using emotional events did not change the rate of false memory creation significantly compared with other studies.

Research with children
In 1998 Herrmann and Yoder published an article arguing for the cessation of memory implantation research with children. The criticisms referred to several studies investigating the suggestibility of children written by Ceci and colleagues. Herrmann and Yoer argue that the methods used can have negative implications for the children used such as lessen their respect for authority, be damaging for their concept of self (feel incompetent when it is pointed out that their memories are wrong) and cause stress.

This article created much debate and several commentaries to the article were published in the same June edition of the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology together with the original article. One of these was written by Ceci, Bruck and Loftus who disagree with the statements in Herrmann and Yoder's article. According to these authors there is no evidence that any children have been harmed in a memory implantation study and until such evidence exists there is no reason to stop using these techniques with children as long as it produces good research.

Ornstein and Gordon also replied to Herrmann and Yoder's article saying that although people conducting research with children have an ethical responsibility there is much to be gained from memory implantation research and the benefits outweigh the potential risk for children involved.

Another commentary written by Goodman, Quas and Redlich argues that there is reason to believe that children in general enjoy participating in false memory studies and that the benefits of these studies for research into eyewitness memory are many. They also refer to several cases where memory implantation studies have been cited in court and contributed to convictions being overturned.

Thompson and Jackson propose a modified version of the suggestions from Herrmann and Yoder and say that methods for being more ethically aware when doing research with children have to be developed. Also Westcott agrees with the general concerns about researchers having to take extra care when working with children.

In their responding article to all the commentaries Yoder and Herrmann again question whether memory implantation research with children is necessary and conclude that ethical guidelines should be put in place by Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC). Although all the researchers involved in these commentaries from this issue of Applied Cognitive Psychology put forward different arguments, the general consensus was that doing research with children calls for extra care and the benefits from the research must outweigh potential risk to the participating children.

See also
 Confabulation
 Imagination inflation
 Memory errors
 Misinformation effect
 Source-monitoring error

References

Category:Memory


Fred Barton (composer)

Fred Barton (born October 20, 1958) is an American composer, lyricist, director, actor, singer, arranger, conductor, and pianist who made his New York debut in 1982 as co-creator-arranger-performer-pianist in the original company of the long-running revue Forbidden Broadway, appearing in the New York, Los Angeles and Boston productions for 2,000 performances, and on the cast album for DRG Records. In 1985 the show won a Drama Desk Award.  Forbidden Broadway ran for 27 years off-Broadway, and won a special Tony Award in 2006.

Early life
Barton grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts, the son of prominent radar scientist David K. Barton and Ruth Barton.  His mother's family included generations of musicians, including her first cousin Paul Desmond, the jazz saxophonist.

He has a B.A. in Music from Harvard University, where he wrote numerous musical comedies and revues with collaborator Andy Borowitz, including the Hasty Pudding Theatricals's 130th annual production, "A Thousand Clones."  Barton has a Master's degree in Film and Television Music from the University of Southern California, where he won the annual Harry Warren Award in that field.

Career

Fred Barton currently serves as producer, host, arranger and conductor of "American Showstoppers: Classic Show Tunes In Concert with The Fred Barton Orchestra" at the Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts at Pace University.  Guest performers have included Vivian Reed, Beth Leavel, and Lee Roy Reams, among dozens of other Broadway headliners.

As a TV composer, he has served as Associate Composer of Scholastic's hit series The Magic School Bus (starring Lily Tomlin), still airing worldwide; Musical Supervisor of the international hit show Olivia, orchestrator and conductor of the Emmy-Award-winning "Wonder Pets;" and Associate Composer of the ACE-Award-winning series "Eureeka's Castle on Nickelodeon. He also contributed music to Michael Moore's series ''The Awful Truth''.

In 2009 Fred Barton appeared as himself, and musical-directed "Cathouse: The Musical," produced and broadcast by HBO.

Following the success of "Forbidden Broadway," Barton opened his second contribution to the cabaret field in 1985: "Miss Gulch Returns!," a one-man musical theatre piece that has been produced in theatres and cabarets across the United States and features the song "Pour Me a Man," which remains a popular cabaret song since its debut.

His third off-Broadway show, for which he served as musical director and arranger, "Whoop-Dee-Doo!," ran 271 performances in New York, won two Drama Desk Awards, including Best Musical Revue, was recorded by RCA Records, and was subsequently produced in London (with Barton's song "I'm Of Two Minds" added.)  A new edition of "Whoop-Dee-Doo" was subsequently produced under the title "When Pigs Fly."On Broadway, Fred Barton was Associate Conductor of the 1987 revival of "Cabaret", directed by Hal Prince and starring Joel Grey, Regina Resnik, and Werner Klemperer.  He also served as Associate Conductor of "Zorba", starring Anthony Quinn, as well as the national touring production of "Camelot", starring Robert Goulet, and the Los Angeles and national touring productions of "City of Angels."

Fred Barton has arranged, orchestrated and appeared on numerous CDs with performers including Karen Akers, Judy Kaye, Karen Murphy, and Neva Small.  In 1998 he arranged and conducted the CD "A Wrinkle In Swingtime," with singer Elena Bennett and his 27-piece orchestra.  From 2011 to 2012 he appeared once a month at New York's Metropolitan Room with his 9-piece Broadway Band, in a show called "Fred Barton Presents – And Thinks You're Gonna Love It!"  Each performance featured classic Broadway songs, and his guest singers included Anita Gillette, Pamela Myers, Karen Murphy, Damon Kirsche, Elena Bennett, Karen Wilder, Jesse Luttrell, Kevin Earley, and Lee Roy Reams.

Barton wrote book, music and lyrics for the off-Broadway musical "The Two Svengalis," starring Toni DiBuono, and with director-choreographer Scott Thompson recently has co-written and arranged the Broadway-bound musical "One For My Baby," featuring the music of Harold Arlen.

Fred Barton is a prolific arranger for symphony orchestras.  He arranged and orchestrated Megan Hilty's symphonic concerts, currently being played around the country, and regularly arranges for The New York Pops Orchestra at Carnegie Hall, the National Symphony Orchestra, Houston Symphony, and Oklahoma City Philharmonic.  Since 2004 Fred Barton has been Senior Orchestrator for the Indianapolis Pops Orchestra, and his orchestrations for their productions are played almost weekly by symphonies throughout the USA and Canada.  Keith Lockhart and the Boston Pops Orchestra premiered two of Fred's compositions, "Cornball Concerto" and "Nocturne In Mancini,"'' in 2005.  Pop singer Michael Cavanugh tours the country with Fred's symphonic arrangements of Billy Joel and Elton John songs.  Barton made his Carnegie Hall debut in May, 2011 with orchestrations for the New York Pops's annual Gala starring Angela Lansbury and Tyne Daly, and his orchestrations of Irving Berlin songs were presented in concert by the New York Pops in October, 2011, with Barton at the piano.

Reviews
"His piano accompaniment is uncommonly rich—not only when he works with Bennett on arrangements they've performed before, which are terrific, but even when accompanying someone new on a song he's playing for the first time.  Barton went beyond accompanying skillfully: he supplied coloration that was both pleasing in its own right and supportive of the vocal. On occasion, Barton will perform a number on his own; he knows how to interpret a lyric and how to put a song across."

"Fred Barton, whose animated, wide-eyed face has been peering over the piano at audiences in Palsson's for the last two years while he provides piano accompaniment to Forbidden Broadway, is now staying after the show on Thursday nights to do his own solo nightclub act, ''Miss Gulch Returns!'"'

References

External links
Artist's website

Category:1958 births
Category:American male composers
Category:20th-century American composers
Category:American male conductors (music)
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Hasty Pudding alumni
Category:20th-century American pianists
Category:American male pianists
Category:20th-century American conductors (music)
Category:21st-century American conductors (music)
Category:21st-century American pianists
Category:20th-century American male musicians
Category:21st-century American male musicians


Joseph Demers

Joseph Demers may refer to:

Joseph Demers (Quebec MLA) (1861–1936), member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, representing Mégantic from 1912–1916
Joseph Demers (Quebec MP) (1871–1940), member of the Canadian Parliament, representing St. Johns—Iberville from 1906–1922


Diquis

The Diquis culture (sometimes spelled Diquís) was a pre-Columbian indigenous culture of Costa Rica that flourished from AD 700 to 1530. The word "diquís" means "great waters" or "great river" in the Boruca language. The Diquis formed part of the Greater Chiriqui culture that spanned from southern Costa Rica to western Panama.

The Diquis are known for stone spheres, sometimes referred to as the Diquís Spheres, an assortment of over three hundred petrospheres in Costa Rica, located on the Diquis Delta and on Isla del Caño.

See also
 Stone spheres of Costa Rica

References

External links

The Art of Precolumbian Gold: The Jan Mitchell Collection, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (available online as PDF), which contains material on Diquis culture

Category:Pre-Columbian cultures
Category:History of Costa Rica


Karl Lovell

Karl Lovell is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Parramatta Eels, Northern Eagles and the Cronulla Sharks in the NRL between 1997 and 2002. Throughout this he also played for the Sheffield Eagles and the joint Sheffield and Huddersfield merger side in the Super League between 1999 and 2000. His preferred position was either {{}rlp|pr} or , however he also at times played at {{}rlp|ce} or on the .

Playing career
Lovell made his first grade debut for Parramatta in Round 1 1997 against North Sydney. Lovell played in both finals games for the club in the same year against Newcastle and Norths which ended in defeat. This was the first time since 1986 that the club had qualified for the finals.

In 1998, Parramatta finished 4th and Lovell was a regular starter in the team. Lovell played in all 3 finals games for the club including wins against Norths and eventual premiers Brisbane and the heartbreaking preliminary final loss to arch rivals Canterbury.

With Parramatta leading 18-2 with less than 10 minutes to play, Canterbury staged a comeback scoring 3 tries in 8 minutes with Canterbury player Daryl Halligan kicking 2 goals from the sideline to tie the game at 18-18. Parramatta player Paul Carige then made a series of personal errors which cost Parramatta dearly in extra time with Canterbury going on to win 32-20. The game is often referred to as one of the biggest preliminary final chokes of all time and this would be Lovell's last match for the club.

Lovell then moved to England and played with Huddersfield-Sheffield before returning to Australia in 2001 to play with the now defunct Northern Eagles. Lovell finished his career with Cronulla-Sutherland and his last game in first grade was the 2002 preliminary final loss against the New Zealand Warriors.

References

Category:Living people
Category:1977 births
Category:Sportspeople from New South Wales
Category:Australian rugby league players
Category:Parramatta Eels players
Category:Huddersfield Giants players
Category:Sheffield Eagles (1984) players
Category:Northern Eagles players
Category:Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
Category:Sportspeople from Auckland
Category:Rugby league centres
Category:Rugby league props
Category:Rugby league second-rows


Kleszczele

Kleszczele (,   Klishcheli,  Kljaščè́li) is a town in Hajnówka County,  Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland.  Prior to 1999, it was in Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998).

Demography
The most spoken languages in Kleszczele according to the The Russian Imperial Census of 1897:

Notable residents
The Yiddish playwright Peretz Hirschbein was born in Kleszczele in 1881.

References

Category:Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship
Category:Hajnówka County
Category:Podlachian Voivodeship
Category:Belsky Uyezd (Grodno Governorate)
Category:Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Category:Belastok Region


Canadian Major Junior Hockey League

The Canadian Major Junior Hockey League (CMJHL) is the original name of two organizations:

The Western Hockey League was known as the CMJHL in its inaugural season of 1966–67 before changing its name to the Western Canada Hockey League
The Canadian Hockey League was originally called the CMJHL upon its founding in 1975 before shortening its name some time later

See also
 Canadian Junior Hockey League
 Canadian Hockey League (disambiguation)


Italian Volleyball Federation

The Italian Volleyball Federation (, FIPAV), is the governing body for Volleyball in Italy since 1946.

History
The Italian Federation has been recognised by FIVB from 1947 and is a member of Confédération Européenne de Volleyball.

Presidents

See also
Italy men's national volleyball team
Italy women's national volleyball team

References

External links

Category:Volleyball in Italy
Italy
Volleyball


Christmas Miracle in Caufield, U.S.A.

Christmas Miracle in Caufield, U.S.A. (also released as The Christmas Coal Mine Miracle) is a 1977 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jud Taylor.

Plot
Inspired by true events, the plot takes place in 1951 and revolves around Mr. Caulfield, the owner of a coal mine. During Christmas, there are several explosions. His employees worry about their health and decide to strike, without any luck. One of the miners, Johnny, is determined to improve the working conditions and wants the other miners to have a great holiday. However, this goes terribly wrong when they are trapped underground following an explosion. Their family are desperate to save them, worrying there might be an even bigger and deadlier explosion.

Cast
Mitch Ryan as Matthew Sullivan
Kurt Russell as Johnny
Andrew Prine as Arthur
John Carradine as Grampa
Barbara Babcock as Rachel Sullivan
Don Porter as Caulfield
Karen Lamm as Matilda Sullian
Melissa Gilbert as Kelly Sullivan
Bill McKinney as Willie

Notes
For the first time in his career, veteran actor John Carradine was billed as 'John Carradine, Sr.''.

References

External links

Category:1977 television films
Category:1970s Christmas films
Category:1970s drama films
Category:American Christmas films
Category:American films
Category:American drama films
Category:American television films
Category:Christmas television films
Category:Films directed by Jud Taylor
Category:Films scored by Fred Karlin
Category:Films set in 1951
Category:Films shot in Montana
Category:NBC network original films
Category:Television films by 20th Century Fox Television
Category:Christmas drama films


Torsh Ab-e Bala

Torsh Ab-e Bala (, also Romanized as Torsh Āb-e Bālā and Torsh Ab Bala; also known as Torsh Āb and Turushāb) is a village in Baqeran Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.

References

Category:Populated places in Birjand County