Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Congress enacted major amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 in 1970, 1975, 1982, 1992, and 2006. Each of these amendments coincided with an impending expiration of some of the Act's special provisions, which originally were set to expire by 1970. However, in recognition of the voting discrimination that continued despite the Act, Congress repeatedly amended the Act to reauthorize the special provisions.

In each of these amendments except for the 1992 amendments, Congress extended the special provisions that were tied to the coverage formula, such as the preclearance requirement. These provisions were extended for five years in 1970, seven years in 1975, and 25 years in both 1982 and 2006. In 1970 and 1975, Congress also expanded the coverage formula, supplementing it with new 1968 and 1972 trigger dates. Coverage was further enlarged in 1975 when Congress expanded the meaning of "tests or devices" to encompass any jurisdiction that provided English-only election information, such as ballots, if the jurisdiction had a single language minority group that constituted more than five percent of the jurisdiction's voting-age citizens. These expansions brought numerous jurisdictions into coverage, including many located outside of the South. To ease the burdens of the reauthorized special provisions, Congress liberalized the bailout procedure in 1982, allowing covered jurisdictions to escape coverage by upholding the voting rights of protected minorities and affirmatively acting to expand minority political participation.

In addition to reauthorizing the special provisions and expanding coverage, Congress amended and added several other provisions to the Act. For instance, Congress expanded the original ban on "tests or devices" to apply nationwide in 1970, and in 1975, Congress made the ban permanent. Separately, in 1975 Congress expanded the Act's scope to protect language minorities from voting discrimination. Congress defined "language minority" to include "persons who are American Indian, Asian American, Alaskan Natives or of Spanish heritage." Congress amended various provisions, such as the Section 5 preclearance requirement and Section 2 general prohibition of discriminatory voting laws, to prohibit discrimination against language minorities.

Congress also enacted a bilingual election requirement in Section 203, which requires election officials in certain jurisdictions with large numbers of English-illiterate language minorities to provide ballots and voting information in the language of the language minority group. Originally set to expire after 10 years, Congress reauthorized Section 203 in 1982 for seven years, expanded and reauthorized it in 1992 for 15 years, and reauthorized it in 2006 for 25 years. The bilingual election requirements have remained controversial, with proponents arguing that bilingual assistance is necessary to enable recently naturalized citizens to vote and opponents arguing that the bilingual election requirements constitute costly unfunded mandates.

Several of the amendments responded to judicial rulings that Congress disagreed with. In 1982, amended the Section 2 general prohibition of discriminatory voting laws to overturn the Supreme Court case Mobile v. Bolden (1980), which held that Section 2 prohibited only purposeful discrimination. Congress expanded Section 2 to explicitly ban any voting practice that had a discriminatory effect, irrespective of whether the practice was enacted or operated for a discriminatory purpose. The creation of this "results test" shifted the majority of litigation brought under the Voting Rights Act from claims of Section 5 violations to claims of Section 2 violations. In 2006, Congress amended the Act to overturn two Supreme Court cases: Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board (2000), which interpreted Section 5 to prohibit voting changes that were enacted or maintained for a "retrogressive" discriminatory purpose instead of any discriminatory purpose, and Georgia v. Ashcroft (2003),<ref name=Ash>Georgia v. Ashcroft, (2003)</ref> which established a broader test for determining whether a redistricting plan had an impermissible effect under Section 5 than assessing only whether a minority group could elect its preferred candidates.

In response to the Supreme Court case Shelby County v. Holder (2013), which struck down the current coverage formula as unconstitutional, several amendment acts were proposed, but all failed to make progress.

1970

Anticipating the expiration of the Act's special provisions in 1970, Congress held extensive hearings on whether the Act should be amended and its special provisions reauthorized. Congress noted discrimination in voting continued in spite of the Act and that the Section 5 preclearance requirement had been minimally enforced since its enactment; between 1965 and 1970, covered jurisdictions had made merely 578 preclearance submissions. Ultimately, Congress determined that although significant progress had been made in reducing racial discrimination in voting since 1965, sufficient discrimination existed to justify extending the special provisions.

President Richard Nixon's administration, which generally disliked civil rights laws but hoped to politically capitalize on the alienation of Southern white voters from the Democratic Party that the Act was causing, sought to reauthorize but weaken the law. Attorney General John N. Mitchell proposed a 3-year extension with amendments to extend the ban on "tests or devices" nationwide and abolish both the coverage formula and the preclearance requirement. Opposed by liberals and supported by Southern Democrats and Midwestern Republicans, this proposal initially passed in the House of Representatives, but it was rejected by the Senate, which crafted its own compromise bill. The Senate passed its version by a 64-12 vote, and the House then passed it by a bipartisan 237-132 vote. The legislation was enacted on June 17, 1970, as the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970. President Nixon signed it into law on June 22.

Through this legislation, Congress extended the special provisions for five years. Congress also expanded the coverage formula by supplementing it with 1968 trigger dates, bringing into coverage several new jurisdictions outside of the South and appeasing several Southern legislators who felt the original coverage formula unfairly singled out Southern states. Simultaneously, Congress amended the bailout provision to require covered jurisdictions seeking bailout to prove that they had not used a test or device in a discriminatory manner in the ten-year period preceding their bailout request, an increase from the original five-year period requirement. Congress also expanded the ban on using tests or devices to the entire nation.

Congress also added new provisions to the Act. Two new provisions exclusively regulated presidential elections: one created uniform rules for voter registration and absentee voting, and the other prohibited states from applying their own durational residency requirements as voting qualifications. Influenced by the draft of males at least 18 years of age to fight in the Vietnam War, Senator Ted Kennedy convinced Congress to add a provision guaranteeing citizens at least 18 years of age the right to vote in federal, state, and local elections. In a statement explaining his decision to sign the amendments, Nixon expressed doubts that this provision was constitutional, and he instructed the Attorney General to expedite litigation to test its constitutionality. Later that year, the Supreme Court, in Oregon v. Mitchell (1970), struck down the part of the provision lowering the voting age in state elections as unconstitutional; the Court upheld only the part of the provision that lowered the voting age in federal elections. The decision precipitated the ratification of the Twenty-sixth Amendment the following year, which lowered the voting age in all elections to 18.

1975

Congress revisited the Act in 1975, the year that the Act's special provisions were again set to expire. The debate was less acrimonious than previous debates concerning the Act, reflecting an expanded consensus in Congress that the law remained necessary to remedy continued racial discrimination in voting. Unlike Nixon, President Gerald Ford's administration, which worked to improve relations with African Americans after Nixon's presidency, supported extending the Act without weakening it. After conducting several hearings, Congress passed legislation amending the Act; the Senate approved the amendments by a 77-12 vote, and the House of Representatives by a 346-56 vote. President Ford signed the amendments into law on August 6, 1975.

The amendments extended the Act's special provisions for seven years. Congress chose seven years to avoid having to reconsider the special provisions during the 1980s reapportionment process. Relatedly, Congress amended the bailout provision to require covered jurisdictions seeking bailout to prove that they had not used a test or device in a discriminatory manner in the 17-year period preceding their bailout request. Congress also expanded the coverage formula by adding new dates in 1972 as triggering dates, which brought more jurisdictions into coverage. Furthermore, Congress made permanent the nationwide prohibition on tests or devices.

The 1975 amendments also expanded voting rights for minority groups that traditionally had fallen outside the Act's protections. Civil rights organizations representing Hispanic, Asian American, Native Alaskan, and Native American interests argued before Congress that such groups often were the victims of discriminatory voting practices, particularly in areas where English was not the dominant language. After Congress heard testimony of language discrimination in voting, Congresswoman Barbara Jordan (D-TX) successfully led an effort to amend the Act to protect language minorities. Specifically, Congress amended the definition of "test or device" to prohibit laws requiring ballots and voting information be provided exclusively in English in jurisdictions where a single-language minority group comprised more than 5% of the voting-age population. This in turn expanded the coverage formula to reach states such as Texas that Congress wanted to cover. Congress also enacted bilingual election requirements, which require election officials in certain jurisdictions to provide ballots and voting information in the language of language minority groups.

1982
As the special provisions neared expiration again, Congress reconsidered the Act in 1982. Organizations in The Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the National Education Association (NEA), organized to pressure Congress both to extend the special provisions and to expand the Act's general prohibition on discriminatory voting laws. Congressional opponents of the amendments had little support for their positions outside of Congress.

The House of Representatives, which was the first chamber to consider amendments, conducted seven weeks of hearings on amendatory legislation at which over 100 witnesses testified, most of whom supported extending the Act's special provisions by at least 10 years. President Ronald Reagan's administration largely stayed out of the debate as the legislation worked its way through the House. However, President Reagan did indicate he supported replacing the coverage formula with a nationwide preclearance requirement. The House ultimately passed legislation maintaining the coverage formula and permanently extending the special provisions. Supporters of the House bill hoped to sustain the momentum from the House and expedite approval of the House bill in the Senate, but Senators opposing the legislation slowed its passage through extensive committee hearings. Furthermore, the Reagan Administration announced its support for only a 10-year extension of the special provisions. The Senate eventually compromised on maintaining the coverage formula unchanged and extending the special provisions by 25 years, except for the Section 203(c) bilingual election requirement, which was extended for seven years. The Senate also agreed to liberalize the bailout procedure to allow a covered state or local government to escape coverage by proving to the U.S. District Court for D.C. that it had complied with the Voting Rights Act and undertook constructive efforts to expand opportunities for political participation in the 10 years preceding its bailout request. The bailout procedure was also amended to allow a local government to bail out of coverage even if its parent state was covered.

The provision Congress most intensely focused on amending was Section 2, which prescribes a general prohibition of discriminatory voting laws. Two years earlier, the Supreme Court, in Mobile v. Bolden (1980), held that racially discriminatory laws violated the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Amendments only if the laws were enacted or maintained for a discriminatory purpose; thus, showing that a law simply had a discriminatory effect was insufficient to state a constitutional claim of discrimination. The Court further held that Section 2 mirrored this constitutional standard. The decision had a major effect on voting rights litigation; civil rights lawyers decided not to pursue many planned cases, and courts overturned several judgments that were previously entered in favor of plaintiffs. This prompted nationwide outrage that weighed heavily on Congress as it considered amending the Act in 1982.

During the nine days of Senate hearings concerning whether to amend the Act, Section 2 was the primary focus—in particular, whether to amend Section 2 to create a "results" test that prohibited any voting law that had a discriminatory effect, irrespective of whether the law was enacted or operated for a discriminatory purpose. President Reagan opposed creating a results test because its impact would be uncertain. Furthermore, some members of Congress, such as Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT), raised concerns that a results test would fundamentally alter American democracy by requiring courts to impose proportional representation for protected minority groups as a remedy. To assuage this concern, Senator Robert Dole (R-KS) proposed legislative language explicitly disclaiming that a results test would require proportional representation. This compromise won support from the Senate, the House, and the Reagan Administration. The House passed this version of the bill by a 389-24 vote, and the Senate passed it by an 85-8 vote. President Reagan signed the legislation into law on June 29, 1982. The creation of the Section 2 results test shifted the majority of litigation brought under the Voting Rights Act from claims of Section 5 violations to claims of Section 2 violations.

1992
As the bilingual election requirement in Section 203(c) neared expiration in 1992, Congress considered legislation to extend and expand it. Representative José E. Serrano (D-NY) introduced legislation, dubbed the Voting Rights Language Assistance Act of 1992, to extend the provision for 15 years, making its term coterminous with the other special provisions scheduled to expire in 2007. The legislation also expanded the coverage formula and the Section 203(c) bilingual election requirement to cover jurisdictions containing at least 10,000 persons of any one of the covered language minorities. This reached major cities such as Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Finally, in recognition of "the historical fact that reservation boundaries predate and therefore often do not correspond to State or county lines," the legislation created an alternative coverage formula for Native American language-minority voters living on Indian reservations.

This legislation received more Congressional opposition than the 1982 amendments did, most of it from Republicans. Proponents argued that the lack of bilingual assistance hindered recently naturalized citizens from exercising their voting rights and that the country had a history of acceptance toward linguistic pluralism. Opponents argued that the Voting Rights Act was never meant to protect language minorities and that the bilingual assistance provision was a costly unfunded mandate. Opponents proposed several amendments to weaken the legislation, including limiting the extension to 5 years, requiring the federal government to pay for the bilingual voting materials, and completely removing the bilingual provisions. These amendments failed, and Congress passed the legislation with mostly Democratic support; the House passed it by a 237-125 vote, and the Senate passed it by a 75-20 vote. President George H. W. Bush signed the legislation on August 26, 1992.

2006
Congress reconsidered the Act in 2006 as the special provisions were due to expire in 2007. Civil rights organizations advocated for the renewal and strengthening of the special provisions. As a matter of principle, Democrats generally supported renewing the special provisions. However, the Republican Party controlled both chambers of Congress and the presidency, and many Republicans considered the preclearance requirement an affront to states' rights and the principle of color-blindness. Furthermore, conservatives believed that the primary beneficiaries of the special provisions were African Americans, who overwhelmingly and increasingly voted for Democratic Party candidates. However, Republicans were receiving increasing support from some language minority groups, particularly Hispanics and Asian Americans, and they did not wish to risk losing that support by refusing to reauthorize the special provisions. Republicans also recognized that the Act often helped Republican candidates win by requiring jurisdictions to pack Democratic-leaning racial minorities into few electoral districts. In addition, House Judiciary Committee Chair Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI) had a strong desire to reauthorize the special provisions, and he led an early effort to pass a reauthorization bill before his chairmanship expired at the end of 2006. Thus, a consensus in favor of reauthorizing the special provisions emerged early in the legislative process.

In 2005, the House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution began holding hearings on amending the Voting Rights Act. Few witnesses at the hearings testified against reauthorizing the special provisions, and the committee focused primarily on assembling evidence of discrimination in voting. Congress's evidentiary record of voting discrimination was viewed as particularly important because Congress believed that according to the Supreme Court case Boerne v. Flores (1997) and its progeny, Congress needed to demonstrate that legislation passed to enforce the Reconstruction Amendments was "congruent and proportional" to remedying or preventing constitutional violations. To make this showing, the committee needed to assemble evidence to demonstrate that the special provisions were generally successful in combating racial discrimination in voting, but not so successful as to no longer be necessary. Given the uncertainty surrounding the congruence and proportionality standard, political constraints, and the Supreme Court previously having upheld the special provisions as constitutional, the committee decided to reauthorize the special provisions without amending the coverage formula. The committee ultimately included in the record four types of evidence to support this reauthorization: statistics showing rates of minority voter registration, turnout, and elective officeholding in covered versus non-covered jurisdictions; statistics showing the behavior of covered jurisdictions and the Department of Justice in the preclearance process; instances of voting discrimination in covered jurisdictions; and data comparing successful Section 2 litigation in covered versus non-covered jurisdictions.

On May 2, 2006, Representative Sensenbrenner introduced the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006. The bill proposed to extend the special provisions by 25 years and keep the coverage formula unchanged. The bill also proposed to amend the Act to overturn two recent Supreme Court cases: Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board (2000), which interpreted Section 5 to prohibit voting changes that were enacted or maintained for a "retrogressive" purpose instead of any discriminatory purpose, and Georgia v. Ashcroft (2003), which established a broader test for determining whether a redistricting plan had an impermissible effect under Section 5 than assessing only whether a minority group could elect its preferred candidates. While passage of the bill was virtually certain, a few Republican lawmakers attempted to amend the bill on the House floor. One group of legislators, led by Congressman Lynn Westmoreland (R–GA), argued that the reauthorization unfairly targeted certain jurisdictions for long-past discrimination. Another group of 80 legislators signed a letter originated by Congressman Steve King (R–IA) arguing that the Act's bilingual election requirements constituted costly unfunded mandates. All proposed amendments to the bill failed, though three received the support of a majority of the Republican caucus. Following the defeat of these amendments, the House passed the bill on July 13, 2006, by a 390-33 vote. Notably, this tally included many Republicans who had previously voted in favor of the failed amendments.

Shortly thereafter, the Senate unanimously passed the bill without amendment on July 20, 2006, by a 98–0 vote. However, in an unprecedented event for a bill that passed unanimously out of committee, Senators of only one political party, Republicans, signed onto the bill's Senate committee report, and the report was not filed until six days after the bill's passage. The Senate report differed in significant ways from the House report, and in their own statement, Senate Democrats objected to parts of the Senate report that they believed highlighted evidence that could jeopardize the bill's constitutionality. The day after the committee report was filed, President George W. Bush signed the bill in a morning ceremony on the South Lawn of the White House on July 27, 2006, one year in advance of the 2007 expiration date. The audience at the signing ceremony included family members of Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, the reverends Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson, NAACP Chairman Julian Bond, and other civil rights leaders.

Proposed
Many proposals to amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 have been unsuccessful or remain pending in Congress. On December 6, 2019, the House of Representatives]] approved 228—187 to restore key parts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Pennsylvania Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick was the lone Republican to support the bill. Should it be passed by the Senate, President Donald Trump threatened to veto it.

In 2013 the Supreme Court, in Shelby County v. Holder'', invalidated a portion of the Voting Rights Act relating to a “coverage formula,” which identified certain towns, counties, or states with a history of voter discrimination. The proposed bill would have the federal government take a closer look at 13 states with a history of voter discrimination: Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Arkansas, Arizona, California, New York, and Virginia.

References

Category:1970 in law
Category:1975 in law
Category:1982 in law
Category:1992 in law
Category:2006 in law
Category:Post–Civil Rights Era African-American history
Category:Anti-discrimination law in the United States
Category:History of voting rights in the United States
Category:United States congressional districts
Category:United States federal civil rights legislation
Category:United States federal election legislation


San Baltázar Loxicha Zapotec

San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec (Northwestern Pochutla Zapotec) is a Zapotec language spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico. It is spoken in the towns of San Baltazar Loxicha and Santa Catarina Loxicha. It is not the same language as the other dialects spoken in towns named Loxicha, but it is in the same branch of Zapotec.

References

Category:Zapotec languages

Category:Oto-Manguean languages
Category:Languages of Mexico


Esbu Kola-ye Karim Kola

Esbu Kola-ye Karim Kola (, also Romanized as Esbū Kolā-ye Karīm Kolā) is a village in Emamzadeh Abdollah Rural District, Dehferi District, Fereydunkenar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 377, in 94 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Fereydunkenar County


Wong Ka Man

Wong Ka Man (, born 21 November 1985) is a Hong Kong para table tennis player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Wong has congenital intellectual disability.

References

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Hong Kong female table tennis players
Category:Table tennis players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Category:Table tennis players at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Category:Paralympic medalists in table tennis
Category:Paralympic gold medalists for Hong Kong
Category:Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Category:Sportspeople with intellectual disabilities
Category:Paralympic table tennis players of Hong Kong


Hugh Cook

Hugh Cook may refer to:

 Hugh Cook (Canadian novelist) (born 1942), Canadian novelist
 Hugh Cook (science fiction author) (1956–2008), English-born, New Zealand-educated novelist, who formerly lived in Japan

See also
 Hugh Cook Faringdon (died 1539), Benedictine monk


Riverville, Nova Scotia

Riverville is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Inverness County on Cape Breton Island.  It lies on Route 19 at its intersection with Blackstone Road, some 7 km southwest of the northwest arm of Lake Ainslie.

References

Category:Communities in Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Category:General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Willy Nilly

Willy Nilly Show is a New Zealand television series originally based on a short film by the same name. It follows the lives of two middle-aged farming brothers, Eric (Sean Duffy) and Harry (Mark Hadlow) who are catapulted into the modern world when their bossy and overprotective mother dies and Joy Full (Tandi Wright), the lovely undertaker’s assistant, comes to stay. It is set in the fictional town of Pokapoka  A total of 3 series were made which have all been made available on DVD at Filmshop. It was winner of Best Comedy Performance, Script and Direction - NZ TV Awards  In 2002, a TV Guide poll found the series to be the most popular New Zealand comedy. The series' most prominent fan base is made up of women over the age of 60.

Episodes

Series One

Episode 1 - Under the Stinkwattle Tree
Episode 2 - Five Left Feet
Episode 3 - Down the Tube
Episode 4 - The Ram Who Knew Too Much
Episode 5 - In the Nudey
Episode 6 - The Ghost and the Dinner Party
Episode 7 - Spring Fever

Series Two

Episode 1 - The Vet
Episode 2 - Harrys Can Do Anything
Episode 3 - Are You My Daddy
Episode 4 - Birth and Death
Episode 5 - Through the Looking Grass
Episode 6 - Mum's Little Treasure
Episode 7 - Rain Rain Go Away

Series Three

Episode 1 - Twisted Sister
Episode 2 - Dr Harry's Casebook
Episode 3 - Pokapoka Pokerface
Episode 4 - Silage is Golden
Episode 5 - The Black Stump
Episode 6 - Don't Worry Be Harry
Episode 7 - St Eric of Pokapoka
Episode 8 - Just Another Day

Characters

Eric - Sean Duffy
Harry - Mark Hadlow
Joy - Tandi Wright
Mr Bott - Stuart Devenie
Lubyanka - Ellie Smith (Series 2-3)

DVD Releases

All 3 series have been made available on DVD in New Zealand at Filmshop.

References

Category:2002 New Zealand television series debuts
Category:2000s New Zealand television series
Category:New Zealand television sitcoms
Category:Television programmes funded by NZ on Air


Codrington Library

The Codrington Library is an academic library in the city of Oxford, England. It is the library of All Souls College, a graduate constituent college of the University of Oxford.

The library in its current form was endowed by Christopher Codrington (1668–1710), a Fellow of the college who amassed his fortune through his sugar plantation in the West Indies. Codrington bequeathed books worth £6,000, in addition to £10,000 in currency (the equivalent of approximately £1.2 million in modern terms). The library, designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and begun in 1716, was completed in 1751 and has been in continuous use by scholars since then. It is Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England.

The modern collection comprises some 185,000 items, about a third of which were produced before 1800. The library's collections are particularly strong in Law, European History, Ecclesiastical History, Military History, and Classics. There is an expanding collection devoted to sociological topics and the History of Science. Unusually for an Oxford college library, access to the Codrington is open to all members of the University (subject to registration). The library contains a significant collection of manuscripts and early printed books, and attracts scholars from around the world.

The first woman to be admitted as a reader to the library was Cornelia Sorabji from Somerville College, at Sir William Anson's invitation in 1890.

References

External links

 The Unseen University: The Codrington Library (short film)

Category:1751 establishments in England
Category:All Souls College, Oxford
Oxford
Category:Grade I listed library buildings
Category:Infrastructure completed in 1751
Category:Library buildings completed in the 18th century
Category:Libraries of the University of Oxford
Category:Nicholas Hawksmoor buildings
Category:Slavery in the Caribbean
Category:Codrington family


Eccentric Soul: The Bandit Label

Eccentric Soul: The Bandit Label is the third compilation by The Numero Group and second volume in the Eccentric Soul series.

Eccentric Soul: The Bandit Label took a look at the underside of Chicago soul through twenty tracks of R&B, soul, and funk. The album followed  the story of the fledgling Bandit label and its leader, Arrow Brown.

Track listing
 "One More Time Around" - The Majestic Arrows
 "We Have Love" - The Majestic Arrows
 "Another Day" - The Majestic Arrows
 "If You Love Me" - Altyrone Deno Brown
 "You've Got to Crawl to Me" - Johnnie Davis
 "Boogedy Boogedy" - Johnnie Davis and The Majestic Arrows
 "Doing It for Us" - The Majestic Arrows
 "Love Is All I Need" - The Majestic Arrows
 "Glad About That" - Linda Ballentine
 "Bring Back the One I Love" - The Majestic Arrows
 "The Magic of Your Love" - The Majestic Arrows
 "I'll Never Cry for Another Boy" - The Majestic Arrows
 "Sweet Pea" - Altyrone Deno Brown
 "The Love I See Now" - Johnnie Davis and The Majestic Arrows
 "We Love Together" - The Majestic Arrows
 "You're a Habit Hard to Break" - Linda Ballentine
 "Going to Make a Time Machine" - The Majestic Arrows

Extended play
18. "If I Had a Little Love" - The Majestic Arrows
19. "Make Yourself Over" (Rehearsal) - The Majestic Arrows
20. "I'll Never Cry for Another Boy" (Rehearsal) - The Majestic Arrows

References

External links
Numerogroup.com

Category:2004 compilation albums
Category:The Numero Group compilation albums


2017–18 Florida Atlantic Owls women's basketball team

The 2017–18 Florida Atlantic Owls women's basketball team represents Florida Atlantic University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Owls, led by first year head coach Jim Jabir, play their home games at FAU Arena and were members of Conference USA. They finished the season 13–15, 7–9 in C-USA play to finish in a 3 way tie for seventh place. They lost in the first round of the C-USA Women's Tournament to UTSA.

Roster

Schedule

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!colspan=9 style=| Exhibition

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!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season

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!colspan=9 style=| Conference USA regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style=| Conference USA Women's Tournament

See also
2017–18 Florida Atlantic Owls men's basketball team

References

Category:Florida Atlantic Owls women's basketball seasons
Florida Atlantic
Florida Atlantic Owls women's basketball
Florida Atlantic Owls women's basketball


Burges Watson

Rear Admiral Burges Watson,  (24 September 1846 – 21 September 1902) was a Royal Navy officer who became Admiral Superintendent, Malta Dockyard.

Naval career
Watson entered the Royal Navy in 1860, was promoted to lieutenant in 1866, and to commander in 1879.

Promoted to captain on 31 December 1885, Watson became commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Leander in February 1889 and commanding officer of the battleship HMS Royal Oak in January 1896. He went on to be Captain Superintendent of Pembroke Dockyard from October 1896 until October 1899. A naval Aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria from 1898 to 1899, he was promoted to flag rank as rear-admiral on 25 August 1899, and appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) the same year. The following year, he was appointed Admiral Superintendent, Malta Dockyard in February 1900. When Lord Charles Beresford resigned as Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet in January 1902, Watson was appointed to succeed him, taking over the battleship HMS Ramillies as his flag ship.

Watson was landed at Malta on 19 September 1902 due to a severe attack of pneumonia, and died there on 21 September 1902. He was buried at the old naval cemetery at Bighi two days later.

Family
Wilson married, in 1882, Marie Thérèse Fisher, daughter of C. F. Fisher.

References

Category:1846 births
Category:1902 deaths
Category:Royal Navy admirals
Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order


Gosforth Central

Gosforth Central may refer to:

 Gosforth Central Park, a park near to Gosforth High Street in Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne, England


Cyphostemma bainesii

Cyphostemma bainesii is a species of tree native to Namibia in Southern Africa. It grows up to 1 m (3 ft) in height, with green leaves up to 27 centimeters long by 11 wide.  Mildly poisonous.

References

bainesii
Category:Trees of Africa


Ángel García Yáñez

Ángel García Yáñez (born 14 December 1967) is a Mexican politician affiliated to the New Alliance Party (Nueva Alianza). He will serve as a senator in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress from the state of Morelos. From 2015 to 2018, he represented the Fifth Federal Electoral District of Morelos, centered on Yautepec, in the Chamber of Deputies of the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress.

Life
García Yáñez was the municipal president of the town of Zacualpan de Amilpas from 2009 to 2012; his selection as the PRI candidate was marked by controversy, with opponents claiming that he had not lived in Zacualpan in more than two decades and sparking confrontations that required the intervention of police from Temoac. In 2012, he ran for and won a seat in the LII Legislature of the Congress of Morelos from the local 17th district, including Zacualpan; he was the first ever deputy from the town and the first popularly elected local deputy from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) in Morelos. He was one of the legislature's highest-ranking officials: he presided over the Board of Directors and three commissions, including Network of Municipalities for Health; Finances, Budget and Public Accounts; and Science and Technological Innovation. He also was the parliamentary coordinator for the PVEM in the legislature; he left the party in early 2015 because of pressure from the state party over his support for the state budget, choosing New Alliance as his new party and becoming its parliamentary coordinator.

In 2015, voters in the fifth district sent García Yáñez to the federal Chamber of Deputies; he was the only Nueva Alianza candidate returned to San Lázaro from a district for the legislature, and the first Nueva Alianza deputy candidate ever to win a district. He beat the PRD contender by 539 votes. He served on three commissions: Social Development, Infrastructure, and Agriculture and Irrigation Systems.
García Yáñez was elected to the Senate of the Republic for the LXIV and LXV Legislatures in 2018, as the first minority senator.

See also
 List of people from Morelos, Mexico

References

Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Politicians from Morelos
Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Category:New Alliance Party (Mexico) politicians
Category:21st-century Mexican politicians


Something Different (1963 film)

Something Different () is a 1963 Czechoslovak film directed by Věra Chytilová. The film intersperses two separate narratives: one following Vera, a fictional housewife living in Czechoslovakia, and another following Eva, an Olympic gymnast played by real-life Olympic gold medalist Eva Bosáková.

Chytilová's first feature-length film, it is regarded as one of the breakout films of the Czech New Wave, as well as an early example of women's cinema in the Eastern Bloc. While not as well known as some of Chytilová's other films such as Daisies and Fruit of Paradise, it won the main prize at the 1963 Mannheim Film Festival, and has been praised by both contemporary critics and 21st century retrospectives, in addition to receiving a fair amount of attention in academic film literature.

Background
Released in 1963, Something Different was one of the first films of the Czech New Wave, and Chytilová's first feature-length film. Chytilová was one of the only women filmmakers who participated in the Czech New Wave, and Something Different, like many other of the entries in her filmography, focuses on women's lives and challenges in Czechoslovakia.

Style and synopsis
Something Different merges documentary-style footage of Eva, a Czechoslovakian gymnast played by real-life Olympic gold-medalist Eva Bosáková, as she endures incessant training in preparation for a competition. These scenes are juxtaposed against a narrative following the fictional housewife Vera, who is discontented and overwhelmed by housework as she struggles to take care of her misbehaving son and her inattentive husband, eventually resorting to a similarly unsatisfying affair. The only scene in which the two women's lives intersect is at a game of cards at the beginning of the film––otherwise, the two narratives are tied together only implicitly and thematically.

After many scenes of Eva enduring grueling and humiliating training sessions, the film includes scenes of her actually performing her routine at a competition, and a final shot of her working as a gymnastics instructor for a younger woman. Meanwhile, Vera's marriage almost collapses as her husband spontaneously confesses to an affair and demands a divorce, although a final scene shows her together with family, if still less than happy.

Analysis
Something Different has been described as a cinematic breakthrough alongside Black Peter and The Cry, discarding the morality tales of earlier socialist cinema and replacing them with frank depictions of everyday life, in addition to breaking with other traditional conventions of film form.

In an overview of Chytilová's early career, Jiří Ceslar, professor of film at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, describes the film as a meditation on the meaning of life, expressed through Eva and Vera's lines which are on one hand trivial everyday phrases and on the other hand appear to have metaphorical importance as commentary on life's struggles; these statements also carry a theme set in the film's title, as they are always "about something different". While the film invites the viewer to draw connections between Vera and Eva's lives through their narrative juxtaposition, scholars have also noted the stark difference in the nature of Eva and Vera's problems: where Eva is constrained by an extremely rigid regime of exercise, Vera is vexed by a lack of direction.

Something Different is also contrasted against Chytilová's following two films, 1965's Pearls of the Deep and 1966's Daisies. In particular, the three films display a progression in Chytilová's use of structure, with Pearls of the Deep as a stepping stone between the tightly structured Something Different and the anarchic Daisies. Similarly, Something Different is an example of Chytilová's use of the style of cinema verite in her early career, contrasted against more allegorical works such as Daisies and Fruit of Paradise.

Reception
A contemporary review in Le Monde praised Chytilová's humor and virtuoso technique. The film won the main prize at the Mannheim Film Festival in 1963.

The film has also received renewed attention from Anglophone critics in the 21st century. A review by The Arts Desk of a DVD release of the film in 2016 praised the film's ability to avoid pretentiousness, thanks to the work of the Chytilová, Curík, Slitr, and Hájek. A review in The New Yorker called it "radically and thrillingly different from more or less any film that was being made at the time", praising its camerawork and subject matter. A review in Hyperallergic described the film as "subtle and poignant".

References

External links

 Something Different on IMDb
 Something Different on the Criterion Channel

Category:1963 films
Category:Czech films


Tecno brega

Tecno brega or technobrega (cheesy techno) is a form of music from northern Brazil, particularly Belém.  Music of the genre is created primarily through remixing and reworking songs from popular music and music from the eighties.  While there is a large amount of famous music used in tecno brega, the majority of it is original material (80%).  Several DJs and music producers from the tecno brega movement were featured in the peer-to-peer filesharing documentary Good Copy Bad Copy.

Production and distribution
The music is created by producers in makeshift studios, whether in bedrooms or other unused spaces. Rather than being sold in a traditional CD format, techno brega is characterized by new distribution methods.  Rather than selling a CD in a store, tecno brega CDs are sold for a minimal price (averaging US$1.50) by street vendors, who often make the actual CDs themselves. Often producing their music with little concern for copyright, the music is "born free".  The street vendor is then in charge of making more copies and using the CDs as advertisements. These advertisements are for large reggae sound systems style parties, very similar to a rave.  It is at these concerts that producers will make money, whether by entrance fees or by selling CDs produced that night from live music.

Sound system parties
The sound systems themselves become a competitive point, encouraging producers to have the most up to date electronic equipment. They may attract as many as 12,000–15, 000 people to a show. With typical attendance, they may sell an average of 77 CDs and 53 DVDs after a performance.  At these shows a performer may also do "shout outs" to friends, family, or neighborhoods, making the CDs more valuable to the audience.  Shout outs can also be bought by pre-purchasing a CD of the concert prior to the beginning of the show. A performance can earn the performer on average R$2,200 (approx. US$1250 as of March 2012) a show.

Notable artists
 Gaby Amarantos
 Banda Uó
 DJ Cremoso
 Gang do Eletro
 Pabllo Vittar

References

Category:Brazilian styles of music
Category:Techno genres


Faroe Islands Football Association

The Faroe Islands Football Association (; ), or FSF, is the governing body of all domestic football in the Faroe Islands, the highest level of which is the Faroe Islands Premier League. It also runs the Faroe Islands national teams for men and women. Established in 1979, it is based in Tórshavn.

History
Organized football has been played in the Faroes since late 19th century. The first Faroese national football league (Meistaradeildin) was held in 1942. From 1942 until 1978 all Faroese football was governed by ÍSF (the Faroese Sports Association). On 13 January 1979 the Faroese Football Association was established. At first it worked with organising Faroese football. The first Faroese national football league for women was held in 1985.

In the 1980s the Faroese Football Association started training coaches and managers. At first it was done with help from Denmark, but since the mid-1990s this training has been under full Faroese responsibility.

On 2 July 1988 the Faroe Islands gained membership of FIFA, and on 18 April 1990 they gained membership of UEFA. Since then the Faroes have participated in international football competitions.

See also
Faroe Islands national football team results

References

External links

  Faroe Islands at FIFA site
  Faroe Islands at UEFA site
 List of football stadiums on the Faroe Islands - Nordic Stadiums

Category:UEFA member associations
Category:Football in the Faroe Islands
Category:Sports organizations established in 1979
Category:1979 establishments in the Faroe Islands
Football


500 Women Scientists

500 Women Scientists is a non-profit group dedicated to making science open, inclusive, and accessible. To achieve this mission, they work to increase scientific literacy through public engagement, advocate for science and equity, and provide self-identifying women with the tools and support they need to reach their full potential. The organization began with an open letter in November 2016 and was officially recognized as a 501(c)3 in May 2018.

History
500 Women Scientists launched with an open letter signed by 500 women scientists after the United States 2016 presidential election. The letter pledged to speak out not only against policies that go against scientific evidence, but also against inequality, sexism, xenophobia, and other forms of discrimination against marginalized communities. Within two months, the pledge received over fifteen thousand signatures from women and allies in 109 countries.

In concert with the 2017 Women's March, women scientists and supporters who signed the pledge organized themselves into groups to march together. The local marches became the basis for forming local chapters, or "Pods", where local women scientists meet regularly. Pods function both as a support system and as a vehicle to focus on and organize around issues that resonate in their own communities, in line with 500 Women Scientists core mission and values.

Programs and Initiatives

Request a Woman Scientist
To increase representation of women on conference panels and in high-profile science journalism stories, 500 Women Scientists launched a Request a Woman Scientist database for self-identifying women with expertise in STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine) fields. The database currently contains over 6,000 women in 104 countries.

Public engagement
500 Women Scientists often uses science writing as a means of communicating their expertise and values to the public at large, with pieces featured in outlets like Science, Scientific American, and The Seattle Times. The global leadership team has authored a number of opinion pieces on topics as varied as calling for evidence-based policy-making at the Environmental Protection Agency, recommending policy reforms to combat sexual harassment in academia, and encouraging journal editors to think carefully about fostering equity and inclusion in their editorial pages. Local Pods have also written about issues facing their own communities, ranging from the effect of President Trump's border wall on California wildlife the need to stop burning coal in the Puget Sound.

References

External Links

 500 Women Scientists homepage
Request a Woman Scientist database

Category:2016 establishments
Category:Women in science and technology
Category:Science advocacy organizations


Pelle Larsen

Pelle Larsen (born September 1, 1979) is a Danish handballer, currently playing for Danish Handball League side Skjern Håndbold. He has previously played for league rivals Ajax København and AaB Håndbold, and has also played abroad, for Spanish club BM Altea.

Larsen has made 7 appearances for the Danish national handball team.

External links
 Pelle Larsen

Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:Danish male handball players


Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles

The men's singles tennis tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held at the All England Club in Wimbledon from 28 July to 5 August, making it the first Olympic grass court tournament since tennis was re-introduced to the Games. The event was run and organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Tennis Federation (ITF), and is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals tour. Matches were the best of three sets, except for the final which was the best of five sets. Tie-breaks were in use for all sets except the fifth set of the final and the third set of all other matches.

Rafael Nadal was the reigning Gold Medallist, having won the tournament at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, but withdrew on 19 July 2012 due to a recurring knee injury. Prior to his withdrawal, Nadal was seen as the favourite to retain the Gold Medal, despite losing to Lukáš Rosol in the second round of the Wimbledon Championships a month earlier.

The second-round match between Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Milos Raonic on 31 July 2012 culminated in a record-setting 3 hours and 57 minutes and 66 total games with a third set ending at 25–23. This was the longest tennis match in Olympic history, in terms of games played, under the best of three sets system. In terms of time, it was, at that time, the longest best of three sets men's singles match in Olympic history.

However, only three days later, this record was eclipsed by Roger Federer and Juan Martín del Potro on 3 August 2012 in a semi-final tie that lasted 4 hours 26 minutes, ending at 19–17. This was not only the longest singles tennis match in Olympic history played with the best of three format but also the longest such match in the Open era, surpassing the 4 hours 3 minutes in Nadal's victory over Novak Djokovic in the 2009 Madrid Masters.

Great Britain's Andy Murray defeated Federer in the final, 6–2, 6–1, 6–4, to win the gold medal, reversing the defeat suffered to the same opponant on the same court six weeks previously in the men's singles final at Wimbledon. Federer was attempting to complete the career Golden Slam by winning the gold medal.
Del Potro, representing Argentina, took bronze courtesy of a 7–5, 6–4, victory over 2008 bronze medalist Djokovic.

Schedule
The tournament ran from 28 July and 5 August.

Seeds

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|RD2-score04-3=7

|RD2-seed05=10
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|RD2-score08-1=3
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|RD2-score08-3=6

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|RD3-score02-2=3
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|RD3-seed03=10
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|RD3-score03-1=7
|RD3-score03-2=716
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|RD1-score08-2=77
|RD1-score08-3=

|RD1-seed09=12
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|RD1-score09-2=6
|RD1-score09-3=
|RD1-seed10=
|RD1-team10=
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|RD1-score10-2=2
|RD1-score10-3=

|RD1-seed11=
|RD1-team11=
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|RD1-score11-2=64
|RD1-score11-3=
|RD1-seed12=
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|RD1-score12-1=6
|RD1-score12-2=77
|RD1-score12-3=

|RD1-seed13=
|RD1-team13=
|RD1-score13-1=6
|RD1-score13-2=6
|RD1-score13-3=
|RD1-seed14=
|RD1-team14=
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|RD1-score14-2=4
|RD1-score14-3=

|RD1-seed15=
|RD1-team15=
|RD1-score15-1=4
|RD1-score15-2=1
|RD1-score15-3=
|RD1-seed16=8
|RD1-team16=
|RD1-score16-1=6
|RD1-score16-2=6
|RD1-score16-3=

|RD2-seed01=4
|RD2-team01=
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|RD2-score01-2=6
|RD2-score01-3=
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|RD2-team02=
|RD2-score02-1=2
|RD2-score02-2=2
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03=
|RD2-score03-1=6
|RD2-score03-2=4
|RD2-score03-3=1
|RD2-seed04=15
|RD2-team04=
|RD2-score04-1=4
|RD2-score04-2=6
|RD2-score04-3=6

|RD2-seed05=12
|RD2-team05=
|RD2-score05-1=6
|RD2-score05-2=6
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06=
|RD2-score06-1=3
|RD2-score06-2=3
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07=
|RD2-score07-1=3
|RD2-score07-2=62
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=8
|RD2-team08=
|RD3-score04-1=6
|RD3-score04-2=4
|RD3-score04-3= 6

|RD4-seed01=15
|RD4-team01=
|RD4-score01-1=4
|RD4-score01-2=64
|RD4-score01-3=
|RD4-seed02=8
|RD4-team02=
|RD2-score01-1=6
|RD2-score01-2=3
|RD2-score01-3=25
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02=
|RD2-score02-1=3
|RD2-score02-2=6
|RD2-score02-3=23

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03=
|RD2-score03-1=6
|RD2-score03-2=6
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=9
|RD2-team04=
|RD2-score04-1=4
|RD2-score04-2=4
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=13
|RD2-team05=
|RD2-score05-1=4
|RD2-score05-2=5
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=IP
|RD2-team06=
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|RD2-score06-2=7
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|RD2-seed07=
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|RD2-score07-1=2
|RD2-score07-2=1
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=2
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|RD3-seed01=5
|RD3-team01={{nowrap|

References
 Men's Singles

See also
Longest tennis match records

Men's singles


Gabrovnica

Gabrovnica () is a small settlement in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links
Gabrovnica at Geopedia

Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Kamnik


Kamea

Kamea may refer to:

 Kamea (dance company), from Beer Sheva, Israel
 Nao Kamea (born 1982), Papua New Guinean cricketer
 Magic square, sometimes also referred to as a Kamea
 Kamea language, Papua New Guinean language


College Football on TBS

College Football on TBS was the presentation of the Turner Broadcasting System (TBS) cable channel's regular season college football television package.

History

Initial coverage
TBS became the first cable station to nationally broadcast college football live when it began airing games during the 1982 season. The games were aired under a special "supplemental" television contract with the NCAA. ESPN followed later the same year, starting with a simulcast of the Independence Bowl match-up between Kansas State and the University of Wisconsin on December 11, 1982, which was the first college football game shown live on ESPN.

When TBS (or WTBS as it was officially known at the time) first broadcast college football in 1982, they aired a package of live  Division I-AA games on Thursday night and Division I-A games on Saturday. games. WTBS was only able to show teams that had not been on national television in 1981. There were a maximum of four teams that had been on regional television on two occasions. Meanwhile, ABC and CBS had the right to take away a game from WTBS as long as it did so no later than the Monday before the game. Bob Neal and Tim Foley were the booth commentators for WTBS during this period. Meanwhile, Craig Sager, Paul Hornung and Pepper Rodgers anchored the pregame show for WTBS.

By 1984, WTBS started (primarily) carrying SEC games. On June 8 of that year, the Supreme Court handed down a decision that allowed individual schools to control their own TV rights. That began the conference syndication packages in earnest and to the glut of games that continues to this day. TBS' coverage from this era was essentially the forerunner to the ESPN's Thursday/Saturday night packages.

2002–2006 coverage
TBS dropped college football after the 1992 season and left the field for several years. However, it again broadcast college football games from 2002–2006, showing Big 12 and Pac-10 matchups. These were broadcast on the network as part of a sublicensing agreement with Fox Sports Net, who is the national cable partner for both conferences. TBS' coverage was originally known as Big PlayStation Saturday, but this was dropped before the final season. The network aired two games a week for the first four seasons of the contract but dropped to one for some weeks during the final season.

Theme music
Nickelback's (featuring Kid Rock and Dimebag Darrell) 2003 cover of Elton John's "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" was used as the theme song for TBS' Saturday Night College Football telecasts. In the show's open, the song is accompanied by a drumline and cymbalists, while clips of the two teams playing the night's featured game are interspersed throughout.

TBS would also use the NFL on TNT theme c. 1997 (dubbed "Warrior Dance" and composed by Edd Kalehoff) for their Carquest/MicronPC.com Bowl and Senior Bowl coverage and their Saturday Night College Football coverage from 2002–2003.

Games on TBS (Division I-A games only)

Excludes the schedules from the 2002 and 2003 seasons because they could not be found.

1980s

1982

1983

There was no football telecast on September 24 as Notre Dame was playing against Miami in prime time on CBS. There also was no football telecast on November 26 as TBS instead, aired a Louisville-Kentucky basketball game with Skip Caray and Joe Dean on the call.

1984 (SEC Full Package begins)

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990s

1990

1991

2000s

2004

2005

2006

Commentators

Play-by-play
 Gary Bender
 Chip Caray
 Skip Caray
 Kevin Harlan
 Verne Lundquist
 Bob Neal
 Lindsey Nelson
 Ron Thulin
 Pete van Wieren – After joining TBS Sports in 1975, he covered the Atlanta Flames of the National Hockey League, Big Ten Conference college football games on TBS, the Atlanta Hawks and Atlanta Falcons NFL pre-season football.

Color commentators
 Trev Alberts
 Charles Davis
 Archie Griffin
 Pat Haden
 Paul Hornung
 Tim Foley
 Mark May
 Alan Page
 Tom Ransey
 Dave Rowe
 Sam Wyche

Sideline reporters
 Erin Andrews – She worked as a studio host for Turner Sports from 2002–04, covering the Atlanta Braves and college football for TBS and Atlanta Thrashers and Atlanta Hawks for Turner South.
 Marc Fein
 Craig Sager – Sager reported from the sideline for TBS' Pac-10/Big 12 college football coverage from 2002 to 2006. He also served as the sideline reporter for the 50th annual Delchamps Senior Bowl from Ladd Memorial Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, and the 1998 and 2000 Micron PC Bowl, formerly known as the Carquest Bowl.

Studio hosts
 Kevin Christopher
 Marc Fein
 Ernie Johnson, Jr.
 Craig Sager

Studio analysts
 Brian Bosworth
 Paul Hornung
 Pepper Rodgers

See also
 List of Champs Sports Bowl broadcasters (1995 (December)–2000)
 List of Gator Bowl broadcasters (1993–1994)
 List of Insight Bowl broadcasters (1989–1991)
 List of Outback Bowl broadcasters (1983–1986)

References

External links

Category:TBS (American TV channel) original programming
TBS
Category:1980s American television series
Category:1990s American television series
Category:2000s American television series
Category:1982 American television series debuts
Category:2006 American television series endings
Category:Turner Sports
Category:Southeastern Conference broadcasters
Category:Big 12 Conference broadcasters
Category:Pac-12 Conference broadcasters
TBS
TBS


Fontenois-la-Ville

Fontenois-la-Ville is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

See also
Communes of the Haute-Saône department

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Haute-Saône


Thiemann

Thiemann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Thiemann (1881–1966), Bohemian printmaker
Elsa Thiemann (1910-1981), German photographer
Hugo Thiemann (1917–2012), Swiss electronics engineer
Ronald Frank Thiemann (1946–2012), American academic


Giedrė

Giedrė is a Lithuanian feminine given name and may refer to:

GiedRé (full name Giedrė Barauskaitė), Lithuanian-French Lithuanian-born singer-songwriter and humorist
Giedrė Beinoriūtė (born 1976), Lithuanian filmmaker, screenwriter, and producer
Giedrė Dirvanauskaitė, Lithuanian cellist
Giedrė Lukšaitė-Mrázková (born 1944), Lithuanian-Czech musician
Giedrė Voverienė (born 1968), Lithuanian orienteer

Category:Feminine given names
Category:Lithuanian feminine given names


Compignano

Compignano is a village in Italy. It has 175 inhabitants according to the 2001 ISTAT data, who are known as compignanesi.  Though a more recent estimate puts the population closer to 177. It is a frazione of the comune of Marsciano, a larger town 12 km away, along strada statale 317 then provinciale 340 to Spina. Compignano is on top of a low (262m) hill, overlooking the valley of the river Nestore, which runs in a wide horseshoe-shaped curve at the foot of the hill.

History
Its name probably comes from Campo di Giano. The first appearance of the village in the historical record dates to 1240, where it is mentioned as the castle of the former podestà of Florence Andrea did Giacomo, with Perugia as his and its overlord. The village was sacked by the troops of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor in 1312. In 1361 it tried to secede from the signoria of Perugia but in 1398 the castle was returned to Perugian control, passing to count Federico di Bernardino di Marsciano (also subject to Perugia) in 1440.

In 1631 work began in the village on the construction of a palazzo for Benedetto Monaldi Baldeschi, bishop of Perugia, who visited the castle in 1637 and 1641 after his promotion to cardinal.

Economy
In the past it was known for its carpentry, construction of floats, blacksmiths, coopers, and hand-weaving. It has had several generations of furnaces, with a small museum dedicated to them in the village (Museo del Laterizio e delle Terrecotte) and a restored historical brick-furnace.

Monuments
 Castle - 13th century, with well-preserved circular walls and curtain walls. The entry gate, on Piazza della Vittoria, is surmounted by a stone tower (rebuilt in the first half of the 16th century), the only survivor of the original five towers. In 1925 the village's campanile was built on the remains of one of the other towers.
 Palazzo Monaldi - Corneli (17th century);
 Church of S. Cristoforo (13th century), in front of palazzo Monaldi. Around the end of the 18th century, it was almost wholly rebuilt, with a vaulted roof, five altars and paintings by Anton Maria Garbi. It was rebuilt again quite faithfully in 1905. Inside hangs a 17th-century painting of Saint Christopher.
 Chiesa della Madonna del Crocifisso (late 16th century), a small church made of bricks. Inside are frescoes by the Perugian painter Gerardo Dottori, dating to 1921-22: a scene of the life of Jesus and two large angels

Sport
A football field and shooting

References

External links
All
 Compignano
 Frazioni del Comune di Marsciano
 Furnaces of Compignano

Category:Frazioni of the Province of Perugia