Scouts d'Haïti

The Association Nationale des Scouts d'Haïti (ANSH, National Association of the Scouts of Haiti; in Haitian Creole: Asosyasyon nasyonal eskout dayiti) is the national Scouting organisation of Haiti. Scouting in Haiti started in 1916 and became a member of the World Organisation of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1932 and again in 1940.  The coeducational association has 43,618 members (as of 2011).

The Scout Motto is Sois Prêt (Be Prepared) in French.

Programs
Besides the traditional Scouting program, the ANSH is engaged in the development of the country. Fields of work are
 fighting illiteracy
 reforestation
 environmental protection
 evening-schools
 international exchanges
 services to the community
 AIDS prevention

Age groups
The association is divided in three age-groups:
 Lovetaux - Cub Scouts (ages 8 to 11)
 Scouts (ages 11 to 17)
 Rovers or Routiers (ages 17 to 22)

History

Origin
The first Scout groups in Haiti began their work in 1916 and formed an association in 1926. In 1932, this association became a member of WOSM, but membership was cancelled in 1939. In 1940, a new association, the Association Nationale des Scouts d'Haïti, was created and was recognized by WOSM that same year. In 1962, Haiti became the first country to issue a postage stamp featuring Lady Baden-Powell.

2004 Hurricane Jeanne
After Hurricane Jeanne in 2004, the association helped with the reconstruction of Gonaïves. They were supported through donations by the worldwide community of Scouts, especially by the Scouts de France.

2010 Haiti earthquake response
On January 13, 2010, the Asociacion de Scouts Dominicanos organized Scout Solidarity with Haiti to support Scouts d'Haïti after the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

The Asociacion de Scouts Dominicanos have made several deliveries of food, water, tents and tools for the Scouts of Haiti, to support its operations; it is the only tangible aid has been delivered to the Scouts of Haiti from any Scout organization. They are promoting international support for operations of the Scouts of Haiti.

On January 15, 2010 the World Organization of the Scout Movement organized Solidarity with Haiti to support Scouts d'Haïti after the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

The World Scout Bureau has been successful in contacting the representatives of the Scouts d'Haïti. Hundreds of Scouts visited the association's president, Gerard-Marie Tardieu, regularly, either to offer their assistance or to accept rescue missions.

The Scouts of Jacmel have helped the firefighters to find and rescue those trapped under rubble, and in the distribution of food and water to the victims.

The Scouts of Léogâne have helped in the distribution of food and water.

The Scouts of Saint-Marc have put in place a makeshift clinic that provides primary care to the injured coming from Port-au-Prince.

The Scouts of the Saint-Georges and Caleb groups have helped over 2000 to reach the borders of the Dominican Republic in their personal cars so that the wounded may be treated. Through local committees, the two groups have been able to provide many with food and shelter in their own homes.

The Scouts of the Gideon de Carrefour group have pulled out about 300 cadavers from under the debris and saved about 725, have fabricated coffins for the dozen Scouts who died, and they have dug a communal trench to bury 150 of the dead.

A mission for the evaluation of the International Scout Aid left Paris to assess and readapt the plan of action designed to the needs of the situation. The mission consists of a volunteer member of the Scouts et Guides de France, a journalist from the French magazine La Vie Parisienne, and will be supported by the representative of the Movimiento Scout Católico of Spain. WOSM is also in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and UNICEF.

References

 World Scout Bureau (1979), Scouting 'Round the World. 1979 edition.
 World Organization of the Scout Movement (1990), Scoutin 'Round the World. 1990 edition.

External links
 Official website
 Club of Former Scouts and Guides of Haiti CASEGHA-USA
 Solidaridad Scout con Haiti * Scout Solidarity with Haiti

See also
 Association Nationale des Guides d'Haïti

Category:World Organization of the Scout Movement member organizations
Category:Scouting and Guiding in Haiti
Category:2010 Haiti earthquake relief
Category:Youth organizations established in 1940


Ohio State Route 131

State Route 131 (SR 131) is a  long east–west state highway in the southwestern quadrant of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of SR 131 is at a signalized intersection with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) in the eastern Cincinnati suburb of Milford.  Its eastern terminus is at a T-intersection with SR 138 approximately  southwest of Hillsboro.

Route description
The path of SR 131 takes it through northern Clermont County, northwestern Brown County and western Highland County.  There are no segments of SR 131 that are included within the National Highway System (NHS), a network of highways deemed to be most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the country.

History
The SR 131 designation was applied in 1923.  Originally, the highway was routed along its present alignment from its current western terminus in Milford to its junction with US 50, at the time designated as SR 26, southwest of Fayetteville.  In 1946, SR 131 was extended east along its current alignment to its present eastern terminus at SR 138 southwest of Hillsboro, utilizing a previously un-numbered roadway between its previous eastern terminus and SR 134, and the entirety of what was SR 780 between SR 134 and SR 138.

Major intersections

References

131
131
131
131


Ute Scheiffele

Ute Scheiffele, née Gähler (born 12 February 1941), is a German luger who competed in the 1960s for East and West Germany. She was born in Oybin, Sachsen, East Germany. She never won any medals on World, European or Olympic games with the best result fourth in the 1963 World Championship in Imst, Austria. In 1964 she fled to Bavaria and started for West Germany at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble.

Career
Scheiffele participated in four world championships in the single luge class:

For East Germany:
1962 in Krynica Poland finished 24th
1963 in Imst Austria finished 4th
For West Germany:
1965 in Davos Switzerland finished 8th
1967 in Hammarstrand Sweden finished 13th

She also participated in 1967 European Championship in Königssee, West Germany, finishing 14th in the single luge class.

Defection
She was selected to participate in 1964 Olympic Games in Innsbruck for East Germany, but defected to West Germany on 10 February 1964 before any race. The ZOV exhibition about East German sports refugees describes her escape: "As Eastern German sports functionaries had spread the wrong information that Austria extradited refugees to their home country, she didn't dare to contact the authorities for help. Gähler, hidden under a blanket, was smuggled to Bavaria in the car of a Western German colleague ..." Gähler soon found a job as secretary in Ulm and attended the sports center in Rottach-Egern to continue her training.

At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, she originally finished 11th in the women's singles event, but was awarded 8th place upon the disqualifications of the East German team of Ortrun Enderlein (who finished first), Anna-Maria Müller (second), and Angela Knösel (fourth) when the East Germans were discovered to have illegally heated their luge's runners.

References

External links
Ute Scheiffele's profile at Sports Reference.com

Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:German female lugers
Category:Lugers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Category:Olympic lugers of West Germany


Susie Lee

Suzanne Marie Kelley Lee (born November 7, 1966) is an American nonprofit executive and politician from the state of Nevada. A Democrat, she has been serving as the member of the United States House of Representatives for Nevada's 3rd congressional district since January 2019. Lee was the founding director of the Inner-City Games in Las Vegas and has served as the president of Communities In Schools of Nevada (CIS) since 2010.

Early life and education
Lee was born in Canton, Ohio to Warren and Joan Kelley. Her first job was a paper route at the age of eight. Her father worked at a steel plant. Lee graduated from Carnegie Mellon University.

Early career
After moving to Las Vegas in 1993, Lee became the founding director of the Inner-City Games, now known as the After-School All-Stars, which conducts after school programs for children. Beginning in 2010, Lee served as the president of Communities In Schools of Nevada, a dropout prevention organization.

Lee has served on the Superintendent's Educational Opportunities Advisory Committee, Prime 6 Advisory Committee, Clark County School District English Language Learners Program Task Force, State Accountability Advisory Committee, UNLV's Lincy Institute Education Committee Advisory Board, and Guinn Center Board of Directors.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2016 General election
In the 2016 elections, Lee ran for the United States House of Representatives in . She lost in the primary to Ruben Kihuen by 19%. She placed third place behind former State Assemblywoman Lucy Flores, who received 25.6% of the vote.

2018 General election
In the 2018 elections, she ran for  to succeed Jacky Rosen, who retired after one term to successfully run for the United States Senate. Lee won the seven-way primary election with 66.9% of the vote. She defeated Republican nominee Danny Tarkanian in the general election, winning 52% of the vote.

Tenure
On December 18, 2019, Lee voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald J. Trump.

Committee assignments
Committee on Education and Labor
Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Human Services
Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Investment
 Committee on Veterans' Affairs
 Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity
 Subcommittee on Technology Modernization

Caucus memberships

 New Democrat Coalition

Electoral History

Personal life
Lee lives in Las Vegas with her husband, Dan, who is a casino company CEO, and their two children.

See also
Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

External links

 Congresswoman Susie Lee official U.S. House website
 Campaign website

|-

Category:1966 births
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:21st-century American women politicians
Category:Candidates in the 2016 United States elections
Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:Female members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nevada
Category:Nevada Democrats
Category:Politicians from Canton, Ohio
Category:Politicians from Las Vegas


The Magic Riddle

The Magic Riddle is a 1991 Australian animated feature film directed and written by Yoram Gross. The film tells the story of Cindy, an orphan who lives as an indentured servant to her cruel stepmother, and features elements of famous fairytales including Cinderella, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty and Pinocchio. Robyn Moore provides the voice of Cindy and various other characters.

Plot
Cindy, short for Cinderella, lives with her widowed stepmother and two stepsisters, Bertha and Ertha. Cindy is forced to do all of the housework and is effectively a servant. The widow hates Cindy because when her late Grandfather died, he hid his will which the widow knows passes all the family inheritance to Cindy. The widow purposely keeps Cindy busy so that she won't find the will, giving the widow time to find it first. The widow is also planning to marry her favorite daughter, Bertha, to a handsome young man named Phillipe, though he is smitten with Cindy.

One night, Cindy falls asleep before finishing her chores, but an old lady sneaks into the house to finish the chores for her. Ertha, Cindy's kinder stepsister, encounters the old lady, who reveals that she is Cindy's Grandmother, and was kicked out of the house by the widow after Grandfather died. The same thing happens the following night, but the widow wakes up and chases Grandmother away. Ertha, who witnessed everything, tells Cindy about it.

The widow is afraid that Grandmother will help Cindy find the will. Following the advice of her magic mirror, the widow puts on a salesman disguise and visits Grandmother in the woods, tricking her into entering The Castle of a Hundred Doors, from which there is no escape. Cindy, dressed in a red riding hood, arrives at Grandmother's cottage too late and is chased away by a "wolf", which is actually the widow in disguise.

Cindy sits by a lake, telling her hopes to an ugly duckling, unaware that Phillippe is listening. Phillippe reveals himself and gives her a ring as a token, but their meeting is interrupted by the widow, who orders Cindy to work. While in the barn, Cindy discovers the widow's wolf costume and realizes what happened. Bertha, who is jealous of Cindy, chases the pigs away from the farm and blames Cindy for it. Ertha advises Cindy to escape to Grandmother's cottage, which she does. There Cindy discovers seven wooden dwarfs and one wooden puppet Pinocchio. They come alive when she kisses them, and they tell her that widow took Grandmother away.

The widow wants Cindy back at the house working for her. She discovers Cindy's music box and decides to lure her back by holding a masked ball. Cindy wants to go, as it is a chance to see Phillippe. The dwarfs make her a costume, but warn her that since her mask is made of snow it will melt at midnight. At the ball, Cindy's disguise works and she gets to dance with Phillippe. Meanwhile, Ertha and Pinocchio dance together. When the clock strikes twelve, Cindy's disguise melts and she runs away to escape the widow, her friends following close behind.

When the widow mocks Ertha for falling for Pinocchio, Ertha retaliates by telling Phillippe that Cindy can be found at Grandmother's house. He heads out to find her, but finds the Castle of a Hundred Doors instead. The dwarfs also find the Castle, but they too get lost inside and unable to escape.

The widow goes to the cottage wearing another disguise devised by her magic mirror, this time pretending to be Pinocchio's mother. The widow hypnotises Cindy with a magic apple to fall asleep, and in the commotion the widow accidentally falls into a well. Pinocchio, now alone, searches for help and stumbles upon the Castle. When he enters, one of his shoes is caught on a nail and starts to unravel. Eventually Grandmother is found, and everyone groups up and follows the trail out.

When they arrive back at the cottage, Cindy is woken up by a kiss from Phillippe. Grandmother explains to Cindy about the will, and that the answer is in his Magic Riddle, a poem which ends with: "Only Pinocchio knows". It turns out that the will is inside Pinocchio's nose. Grandmother reads the will, confirming that all of Grandfather's possessions go to Cindy. Cindy and Phillippe's wedding is held at what used to be the widow's house. After the celebrations, the dwarfs and Pinocchio turn back into wood, their task completed. But when Ertha kisses Pinocchio, he comes back to life to be with her.

Voice cast
Robyn Moore as Cindy, Ertha, Bertha, Grandmother
Ross Higgins as Phillip
Keith Scott as Pinocchio, The Seven Dwarves

Soundtrack
Track listing:

"Ordinary Miracles" - Julie Anthony
"When I Was Just a Little Girl"
"I Will Find the Will"
"Mean Mean Mean"
"My Darling Daughters"
"Sisters Sisters"
"Cindy Do It Now"
"Try Not to Cry So"
"Pig Song"
"Oh Silver Bright Reflection"
"Grandma Dear Grandma"
"Now How Did It Go"
"Girl in the Snow White Dress"
"I'm Alive"
"Cinderella's Wedding Day"
"Instrumental Score Excerpts".

Release
The Magic Riddle was released in Australia on September 19, 1991. The film was also given a theatrical release in the Philippines, with an advanced screening held at the Shangri-La Plaza's The Cinema on January 2, 1994.

Box office
The Magic Riddle grossed $1,510,536 at the box office in Australia.

References

External links

The Magic Riddle at the National Film and Sound Archive
The Magic Riddle Soundtrack on Amazon.co.uk
The Magic Riddle at Oz Movies

Category:Australian films
Category:1991 animated films
Category:1991 films
Category:Australian animated fantasy films
Category:Films about weddings
Category:Films based on Charles Perrault's Cinderella
Category:Films based on Cinderella
Category:Films based on Little Red Riding Hood
Category:English-language films
Category:Animated musical films
Category:Films directed by Yoram Gross
Category:Films scored by Guy Gross


Wheeler No. 1 Oil Well

The Wheeler No. 1 Oil Well was the first well drilled in the Drumright-Cushing Oil Field of northeast Oklahoma, near Drumright. The success of the well, drilled in 1912 by Thomas Baker Slick, Sr., led to the development of the Cushing field and gave impetus to the early development of Oklahoma oilfields. The Drumright-Cushing field would go on to produce 310,000 barrels of oil a day at its peak in May 1917. The well made Slick's name as "King of the Wildcatters".

The well was financed by Charles B. Shaffer of Chicago, who hired Slick to drill wells at the Frank Wheeler farm using cable tool drilling techniques, which could not prevent gushers or blowouts. Three unsuccessful wells preceded the strike, which initially produced 400 barrels of high-grade oil a day from a depth of between  and .  Because no mechanism existed to control the flow, the oil was diverted into pits for collection and storage. The source of the oil was a sand zone in the Drumright Dome, a syncline. Slick attempted to keep the strike secret, hiring armed guards,  but eventually revealed the well's success in April 1912. A dugout built for the guards remains on the site, together with a commemorative plaque.

In time, the well's pressure subsided, requiring that the oil be pumped out of the well. The first pump was a two-cylinder gasoline-powered pump, later replaced by an electric drive.  With the reduction in pressure the well was modified for secondary recovery, using an early form of hydraulic fracturing called "sand fracturing." As of 1980 it produced about a barrel a day, pumping four hours a day. Oil came from three layers: the Layton layer at , the Wheeler layer at , and the Bartlesville layer at . A  pipeline connects the well to an oil-water separating unit about  away, then to storage tanks. The well is located in a small clearing about  west of Drumright. The well was still producing in 2012.

The Wheeler No. 1 well was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 1983.

References

Category:Oil wells in Oklahoma
Category:Buildings and structures in Creek County, Oklahoma
Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1912
Category:1912 establishments in Oklahoma
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Creek County, Oklahoma


2019–20 McNeese State Cowgirls basketball team

The 2019–20 McNeese State Cowgirls basketball team represents McNeese State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cowgirls, led by fourth year head coach Kacie Cryer, play all their home games at the Health and Human Performance Education Complex. They are members of the Southland Conference.

Previous season
The Cowgirls finished the season 7–22, 5–13 in Southland play to finish in a tie for tenth place. They failed to qualify for the Southland Women's Tournament.

Roster

Schedule

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!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season

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!colspan=9 style=| Southland regular season

See also
2019–20 McNeese State Cowboys basketball team

References

Category:McNeese State Cowgirls basketball seasons
McNeese State
McNeese State
McNeese State


Zombie Night (2013 film)

Zombie Night is a 2013 American zombie horror film directed by John Gulager (Feast, Piranha 3DD), written by Keith Allan and Delondra Williams from a story by Richard Schenkman, and starring Anthony Michael Hall, Daryl Hannah, Jennifer Taylor, Alan Ruck, and Shirley Jones.

Plot
In a small California town, two families must survive a zombie attack until sunrise.

Cast
 Anthony Michael Hall as Patrick
 Daryl Hannah as Birdy
 Jennifer Taylor as Karin
 Alan Ruck as Joseph
 Rachel G. Fox as Tracie Jackson
 Shirley Jones as Nana
 Tia Robinson as Janice
 Daniel Ross as Perry
 Zoe Canner as Irina
 Daniel Moorehead as Dizzy
 Rogelio T. Ramos as Officer Lopez

Production
Director John Gulager used amputees to portray zombies.  He cited special effects as one of the highlights of a zombie film.

Release
Zombie Night premiered on Syfy on October 26, 2013, and it was released on DVD on December 10, 2013.

Reception
Michael Storey of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette called it a sub-par zombie film that lacks humor or camp.  Brian Lowry of Variety called it "a brain-dead exploitation pic" that is "an almost comically amateurish effort".  Andrew Dowler of Now wrote, "Zombie Night brings enough energy, skill and gore to its basic Night Of The Living Dead story to provide light entertainment on a chilly night."

References

External links

Category:2013 television films
Category:2013 horror films
Category:2010s independent films
Category:American films
Category:Horror television films
Category:American zombie films
Category:Syfy original films
Category:The Asylum films
Category:2013 films
Category:Films directed by John Gulager
Category:American television films


A.D. Hopkins

A.D. Hopkins is an American novelist, editor, and journalist.

Early life and education
Hopkins was born in Stuart, Virginia, a small town five miles east of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

In 1961–62 he attended Florida State University and was influenced by Pulitzer Award–winner Michael Shaara. Hopkins transferred to the University of Richmond, where he edited the student literary magazine The Messenger and studied creative writing under Novelist and Historian Clifford Dowdey. Hopkins graduated from the University of Richmond, Virginia in 1965 with a BA in English and Journalism.

Family
Hopkins is married to the former Patricia Sheppard, and they have one son, Aaron S, "ASH" Hopkins, of Minnesota. Hopkins is an ordained elder of the Presbyterian Church, USA, a former Boy Scout leader, and a former fencing teacher.

Career
Hopkins worked for the News & Advance in Lynchburg, Virginia and other newspapers in Petersburg, Virginia, as well as Greensboro, North Carolina before moving to Las Vegas, Nevada in 1969.

While at the Las Vegas Sun (1969–73), Hopkins did investigative reporting and covered crime, organized labor, and the convention industry. His work appeared in magazines including Relic, True West, Frontier Times, Nevada Magazine, and airline in-flight magazines. His best-known magazine piece is an account of nineteenth-century shootists: "Gunfighters of Pioche" (Nevada Magazine, September/October 1986).

In 1973 Hopkins was hired as managing editor of the Valley Times, a North Las Vegas bi-weekly, which soon became a daily—competing against and often scooping the city's two longer-established dailies. At the time, neither established daily covered the city's principal industry of gambling, and Hopkins began doing so despite the Valley Times’s much smaller circulation and staff. The two larger newspapers followed the smaller paper's lead, and gaming remains an important assignment in Las Vegas media.

In 1977 Hopkins moved to the city's largest daily, the Las Vegas Review-Journal. As editor of Nevadan, the Review-Journal's Sunday magazine, he roamed the state interviewing colorful characters and digging into state history in old courthouse records. He was later designated the newspaper's special projects editor.

In 1991, Hopkins reported that Richard "Richie the Fixer" Perry, a gambler already convicted in the Boston College basketball point-shaving scandal, was hanging around the UNLV basketball program. Close association with any gambler was then forbidden by NCAA rules. UNLV questioned the reports until May 26, 1991, when the newspaper published photos of Perry and three team members sharing a spa in Perry's backyard. Although it was never proved that UNLV players had shaved points, the "Hot Tub Photos" led to Coach Jerry Tarkanian’s resignation and Perry's listing in Nevada's "Black Book" of persons who cannot legally enter any Nevada casino.

One of Hopkins's most ambitious projects was creating and running a survey known as the Judicial Evaluation Survey. Nevada judges are elected, but there are so many courts in urban areas that voters usually know very little about the candidates. Working with a committee of lawyers, judges, and statisticians, Hopkins wrote questions for objectively evaluating incumbent judges by lawyers who had appeared in their courts. Published prior to filing deadlines since 1992, the resulting ratings give voters reliable information about incumbents and encourage opposition or even retirement for mediocre jurists. The Review-Journal’s survey has been the prototype for similar surveys in other cities and countries.

In 1993 Hopkins wrote that the Nevada Supreme Court had secretly intervened in disciplinary proceedings against a Reno judge. Certain justices involved in the cover-up hired an investigator and gave him authority to discover and punish Hopkins's sources, but the quest was unsuccessful. The judge resigned in return for a federal agreement not to prosecute him, and his two most ardent supporters on the Supreme Court chose not to run for re-election.

A story by Hopkins published March 24, 2000 proved that errors in calculating "prevailing wages," paid on all public works construction projects in the state, inflated pay rates and cost taxpayers millions per year. The Nevada State Press Association named this project its "Story of the Year." Hopkins has won numerous other awards for news stories.

In 1999 Hopkins and the late K.J. Evans co-edited The First 100, Profiles of the Men and Women Who Shaped Las Vegas. The work consisted of a hundred biographic pieces about people whose actions determined the nature of Las Vegas, from explorer Charles Fremont in the 1840s to casino magnates of the 1990s. Originally published in the Review-Journal, the stories were also published as a book.

In 2001 the newspaper’s parent company, Stephens Media, designated Hopkins founding editor of Cerca, a magazine that focused on outdoor travel attractions in Southern Nevada and nearer parts of other states. Hopkins also edited a number of books for Stephens Press, including Author Joan Whitely's history, Young Las Vegas: Before the Future Found Us, published in 2005.

In 2010 the Nevada Press Association named Hopkins to the Nevada Newspaper Hall of Fame. After one of his reporters stated that judges were sealing court cases to avoid embarrassing the well-connected, Hopkins was named to a Nevada Supreme Court commission devising statewide rules to limit such abuses.

Hopkins retired from the Review-Journal in 2011. His first novel, The Boys Who Woke Up Early, was published in March 2019 by Imbrifex Books. The book has been generally well received.

Publications
A.D. Hopkins is a published author and journalist.

Books
 The First 100: Portraits of the Men and Women Who Shaped Las Vegas—Published by Huntington Press (December 2000)
 The Boys Who Woke Up Early—Published by Imbrifex Books (March 2019)

References

External links
 Author Facebook page
 Debut Novel page

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:People from Stuart, Virginia
Category:Novelists from Virginia


Martha Ellicott Tyson

Martha Ellicott Tyson (September 13, 1795 – March 5, 1873) was an Elder of the Quaker Meeting in Baltimore, anti-slavery and women's rights advocate, author of the first biography of Benjamin Banneker, and a founder of Swarthmore College. She was the great-great grandmother of state senator James A. Clark Jr. (1918-2006).

Tyson was born in 1795 to George Ellicott and Elizabeth (Brooke) Ellicott, a well respected family of Maryland Quakers, the Ellicotts. Her grandfather, Andrew Ellicott, founded her birthplace, Ellicott's Mills, along with his brothers. She accounted in her books visiting with chief "Little Turtle" in 1807 at the age of twelve. Although she never completed formal schooling past primary education, she was well educated at home and fluent in French. She married Nathan Tyson, whose family was a leading Quaker family in Baltimore, and they raised twelve children.

At the age of 35, Tyson was chosen as an Elder of the Baltimore Quaker Meeting.  A strong supporter of Quaker and coeducation, Tyson was a key founder, along with Lucretia Mott, Edward Parrish, and Benjamin Hallowell, of Swarthmore College.  After a decade pushing for the founding of a coeducation Quaker college, Tyson and her husband hosted a meeting in their home of 30 Quaker leaders from Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York. This meeting propelled the movement to start the second coeducation college in the United States.

Martha Tyson is also well known for her biographical accounts of the scientist, surveyor, and author Benjamin Banneker. As a free African-American, Banneker was a frequent visitor at Tyson's childhood home.  Tyson wrote two biographies of Banneker, Sketch in the Life of Benjamin Banneker, published in 1854, and the more complete biography, Benjamin Banneker: The African-American Astronomer, published in 1884.

References

Category:1795 births
Category:1873 deaths
Category:Swarthmore College
Category:American women's rights activists
Category:American Quakers
Category:Place of death missing
Category:University and college founders
Category:People from Ellicott City, Maryland
Category:American civil rights activists


Emmanuel DeHodiamont House

The Emmanuel DeHodiamont House is a house located at 951 Maple Place in the West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. The house was originally constructed about 1830 by local farmer Emmanuel DeHodiamont and was modified into the Gothic Revival style about 1875. It shares the status of being the oldest extant residence in the city of St. Louis with the Lewis Bissell House, and it is the oldest privately owned building in St. Louis. It was listed as a St. Louis Landmark in 1966 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 2002.

History
Emmanuel DeHodiamont and his wife Caroline purchased a 180-acre tract of land including parts of the River Des Peres in 1829 from Hypoline and Josephine Papin. No permits exist to date the original construction, but it is considered likely DeHodiamont built the structure soon after the purchase. Shortly after moving into the house, DeHodiamont's wife died, and he remarried in 1833. However, his new wife abandoned him in 1836, and he divorced her. He continued to farm the land until 1871, when he sold the house and remaining nearby property to land speculators. These speculators anticipated the construction of a railroad from St. Louis, which occurred in 1875. By that time, the house and its 57 acres were platted into a parcel called Maryville. It was likely at this time that the current Gothic Revival architecture was added. Construction of homes in the new subdivision was relatively slow until the 1890s, when most of the land was sold and developed. Houses that surround the DeHodiamont House date from this period and to the 1960s, when many of the circa 1890s houses were demolished and redeveloped.

Architecture

The portion of the house dating to 1830 is a -story stone house, measuring 20 by 40 feet. The stone walls are nearly two feet thick, and the house retains its two original chimneys at the south and north ends of the house. The second story of the house is wood framed, and the center of the house has a high-pitched gable, both dating to the 1875 addition. The door placement and window placement on the first floor are original to the 1830 plans of the house. In 1890 and 1906, brick kitchen additions were made to the rear of the house. The first floor interior of the house has two nearly identical rooms, divided by a central corridor with a staircase. The north room opens into the kitchen at the rear. The second floor has two bedrooms, both nearly identical. In the back yard of the house stands a brick garage built in 1904, which is a contributing resource to the house listing.

Significance
The house has the dual significance of being an "exceptionally early stone house" and a "rare example of the early Gothic Revival style in St. Louis." Although a great number of stone houses were built in the St. Louis area prior to the 1850s, most of these were demolished as the commercial district of the original city expanded. Not only is the DeHodiamont House an early stone house, but it also is one of the earliest known houses to still exist in the St. Louis.   It is also listed as a St. Louis City Landmark.

References

External links

History of the Cabanne area and West End neighborhood

Category:Houses completed in 1830
Category:Landmarks of St. Louis
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
Category:Houses in St. Louis
Category:1830 establishments in Missouri
Category:National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis
Category:Buildings and structures in St. Louis
Category:Tourist attractions in St. Louis


Chatham Borough, New Jersey

Chatham is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, Chatham's population was 8,962, reflecting an increase of 502 (+5.9%) from the 8,460 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 453 (+5.7%) from the 8,007 counted in the 1990 Census.

The community that now is Chatham was first settled by Europeans in 1710 within Morris Township, in what was then the Province of New Jersey. The community was settled because the site already was the location of an important crossing of the Passaic River, as well as being close to a gap in the Watchung Mountains and on the path of a well-worn Native American trail. The residents of the community changed its name from John Day's Bridge to Chatham, New Jersey in 1773.

Chatham's residents were active participants in the American Revolutionary War, which ended in 1783. Chatham Township was formed in the state of New Jersey on February 12, 1806, taking its name from this pre-revolutionary village. The new township governed the village of Chatham, which is included within the present-day borough, along with several other pre-revolutionary, colonial villages and large areas of unsettled lands connecting or adjacent to them. On August 19, 1892, Chatham adopted a new village form of government allowed within townships in the state after the revolution. The village of Chatham reincorporated for governance as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 1, 1897 with complete independence from the surrounding Chatham Township.

Chatham Borough is a pedestrian-friendly community that covers less than , including a central business district and railroad station within about a mile from its farthest boundary.

In July 2005, CNN/Money and Money magazine ranked Chatham ninth on its annual list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States. New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Chatham as its twenty-fifth best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.

The borough has been ranked as one of the state's highest-income communities. In March 2018, Bloomberg ranked Chatham as the 64th wealthiest place in the United States and the 8th wealthiest in New Jersey.

History
Occupied for thousands of years by Native Americans, this land was overseen by clans of the Minsi and Lenni Lenape, who farmed, fished, and hunted upon it. They were organized into a matrilineal, agricultural, and mobile hunting society sustained with fixed, but not permanent, settlements in their clan territories. Villages were established and relocated as the clans farmed new sections of the land when soil fertility lessened and moved among their fishing and hunting grounds.

In 1498, John Cabot explored this portion of the New World. The area was claimed as a part of the Dutch New Netherland province, where active trading in furs took advantage of the natural pass west, but, the Lenape prevented permanent settlement beyond what is now Jersey City. Although rapid exhaustion of the local beaver population soon turned the Dutch interests much farther north, contention existed between the Dutch and the British over the rights to this land and battles ensued. Passing to the rule of the British as the Province of New Jersey upon the fall of New Amsterdam in 1664, and becoming one of its original thirteen colonies, marks the beginning of permanent European settlements on this land.

The land that would become Chatham was part of the Province of East Jersey; the Indian rights to Chatham were purchased in 1680 from members of the Minsi and Lenni Lenape tribes. They spoke an Algonquian language. They hunted and fished in the area and farmed on the lands of their settlements. The area was well connected with established paths among their settlements, to and from bountiful resources, and to neighboring settlements. Safe passageways through the valleys, marshes, swamps, and mountains of this portion of the Watchung Mountains connected the area which would become Chatham with other settlements in the area. Except for highways built since the 1970s and a shunpike built to avoid tolls on the roads connecting the colonial settlements of Chatham and Bottle Hill, the roads of the area follow those time proven, long trodden trails made by the Indians. Main Street rises from a shallow crossing of the Passaic River and, after traveling through what became the settlements of Chatham and Bottle Hill (which became Madison), the road follows a westward path that leads to the top of the plateau on which Morristown was founded.

In 1680, the British first purchased this Lenape land upon which John Day made the first European settlement in 1710. He chose to settle upon the western bank of the Fishawack Crossing (of the Passaic River) on the traditional Lenape Minisink Trail. Chatham was in the area delineated as Morris Township by the English. The landing at that location was the best place to ford the river and always had been used by the Lenape on their route to the Hudson River and south from their hunting grounds in what is now Sussex County. That traditional part of the Great Trail would become Route 24, leading to Madison, Morristown, Mendham, and Chester. It became known as Main Street in Chatham.

Before long, the village became known as John Day's Bridge because of a bridge he built across the river at the shallow landing. By 1750, the village had a blacksmith shop as well as a flour mill, a grist mill, and a lumber mill.

In 1773, the village was renamed to "Chatham" to honor a member of the British Parliament, William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham, who was an outspoken advocate of the rights of the colonists in America.

New Jersey was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolutionary War. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 was passed on July 2, 1776, two days before the Second Continental Congress declared American Independence from Great Britain. It was an act of the New Jersey Provincial Congress, which made itself into the state Legislature. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become void if the state of New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain.

The citizens of Chatham were active participants in the Revolutionary War and nearby Morristown became the military center of the revolution. George Washington twice established his winter headquarters in Morristown and revolutionary troops were active regularly in the entire area. The Lenape assisted the colonists, supplying the revolutionary army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and the promise of a role at the head of a future Native American state. The Treaty of Easton signed by the Lenape and the British in 1766 had required that the Lenape move to Pennsylvania. Wanting to recoup rights lost thereby to the British, the Lenape were the first tribe to enter into a treaty with the emerging government of the United States.

The Watchung mountain range was a strategic asset in the war, acting as a natural barrier to the British troops and providing a vantage point for Washington to monitor their troop movements. The Minisink Trail and the village bridge provided a route for essential supplies across the river and through the mountain range. The Hobart Gap was vital as the only pass through the Watchung Mountains.

Washington wrote 17 letters while he stayed at a homestead in Chatham. The community was the site of several skirmishes, as residents and the rebel army held off British advances, preventing them from attacking Washington's supplies at Morristown.

In 1779, a printing press was established in the village of Chatham by Shepard Kollock. From his workshop, he published books, pamphlets, and the New Jersey Journal (the third newspaper published in New Jersey) conducting lively debates about the efforts for independence and boosting the morale of the troops and their families with information derived directly from Washington's headquarters in nearby Morristown.  Kollock's paper was published until 1992 as the Elizabeth Daily Journal (having restarted it there in 1787) and was the fourth oldest newspaper published continuously in the United States.

After the Revolutionary War was over in 1783, establishment of new forms of government began. On February 12, 1806, the village of Chatham became part of Chatham Township with a township form of government that shared the village's name and included several other area communities and a large amount of unsettled land. However, "[i]n 1892 Chatham Village found itself at odds with the rest of the township. Although village residents paid 40 percent of the township taxes, they got only 7 percent of the receipts in services. The village had to raise its own money to install kerosene street lamps and its roads were in poor repair. As a result, the village voted on August 9, 1892, to secede from governance by the township."

Ten days later, on August 19, 1892, the citizens of Chatham reincorporated with another type of village government then offered as an alternative within townships by the new state. The evolving state regulations regarding governance structure soon began to offer a borough form for governance.  Chatham adopted that new government form and the village reincorporated for governance as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 1, 1897 with complete independence from Chatham Township.

Most of the colonial settlements that had been part of Chatham Township abandoned its governance as soon as new forms of government became available to them during this evolution of new state regulations. Green Village being the exception, each of the settlements withdrew from governance by the township and Chatham Township was left to govern mostly unsettled lands.

In 1910, the borough of Chatham expanded when it acquired a slice of Florham Park. The local form of government and the boundaries of the borough have remained the same since that acquisition, encompassing about .

Architecture
At  in area, Chatham was mostly built out well before World War II, retaining homes that sometimes display the dates of their construction during the colonial and revolutionary times. Two houses, now privately owned, survive from colonial times; the Paul Day House, at 24 Kings Road, and the Nathaniel Bonnell House, at 34 Watchung Avenue.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.425 square miles (6.281 km2), including 2.373 square miles (6.147 km2) of land and 0.052 square miles (0.134 km2) of water (2.13%).

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Stanley.

Chatham Borough is located  west of New York City on the eastern edge of Morris County. Chatham's neighboring communities are Summit to the southeast located in Union County, Millburn (and its Short Hills neighborhood) in Essex County to the northeast, while communities also located in Morris County include Chatham Township to the west, and Madison and Florham Park to the north.

The Passaic River, which rises in Mendham and defines the Great Swamp, flows north along the eastern boundary of Chatham. A good crossing location, identified by Native Americans to early European settlers, figured significantly in the colonial history of the community. Fairmount Avenue ascends Long Hill perpendicularly from Main Street in the contemporary center of town to the highest elevation of the town among the Watchung Mountains. From there, one may see the lights of New York beyond the crest of the ridge hills of Summit and Short Hills. Water from artesian wells is stored at its crest to provide the drinking water for the community.

A portion of the Great Swamp extends to the southern boundary of Chatham and other marshes surround the community to the north and northwest. The marshes and brooks in the area contain water draining from the plateau of Morristown and many points to the north and west. All are remnants of a massive lake that covered the area following the retreat of the Wisconsin glacier of the last Ice age. Residents of Chatham were among those in late 1959 who formed the Jersey Jetport Site Association and instigated preservation of the Great Swamp when the New York Port Authority sought to turn it into a massive regional airport. They later were joined by the North American Wildlife Foundation that completed acquisition of enough of the Great Swamp to protect the massive natural resource as a federal park.

The Great Swamp is a major watershed and a significant resting point for migratory birds. The core of the swamp was purchased with the help of Geraldine R. Dodge and Marcellus Hartley Dodge Sr.. Several other members of the Jersey Jetport Site Association, including two residents of Chatham, Kafi Benz and Esty Weiss, who were students at the nearby campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University, began to infiltrate meetings of the administration of Austin Joseph Tobin, the executive director of the Port Authority. They attended meetings scheduled quietly to garner the support of union workers. Once inside the meetings, they provided pamphlets in opposition to the project, which infuriated the Port Authority administration. Eventually, other organizations formed to join the opposition to the plans for the airport and finally, a majority of the swamp was assembled to be donated to the federal government to become a National Wildlife Refuge. Stewart Udall, Secretary of the Interior under President John F. Kennedy, lent his support to the local efforts to save the swamp while he served as U.S. Representative from Arizona, making recommendations to the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration to also lend their support. On November 3, 1960, the legislation creating the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was passed by an act of the United States Congress. Just Northeast of the borough is the upscale Mall at Short Hills located in the Short Hills area of Millburn.

Climate
Chatham Borough has a humid continental climate and is slightly more variant (lows are colder, highs are warmer) than its neighbor  east: New York City.

Demographics

2010 Census

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $143,281 (with a margin of error of +/- $14,294) and the median family income was $164,805 (+/- $12,245). Males had a median income of $127,906 (+/- $13,208) versus $59,271 (+/- $14,990) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $64,950 (+/- $5,936). About 0.4% of families and 1.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.3% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 8,460 people, 3,159 households, and 2,385 families. The population density was 3,505.9 people per square mile (1,355.4/km2). There were 3,232 housing units at an average density of 1,339.4 per square mile (517.8/km2). The racial makeup of was 95.79% White, 0.14% African American, 0.06% Native American, 2.81% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.64% of the population.

There were 3,159 households out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.14.

The population was spread out with 28.3% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household was $101,991, and the median income for a family was $119,635. Males had a median income of $81,543 versus $59,063 for females. The per capita income was $53,027. About 1.7% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government

From 1614, the area was governed by the Dutch as part of New Netherland. In 1664, it came under governance by the British within the Province of New Jersey, during which a permanent European settlement was established in 1710 that changed its name to Chatham in 1773.

Chatham has adopted different forms of local government throughout its existence. Under British colonial rule, a village form of government was adopted. After the American Revolutionary War, the community became part of Chatham Township, which was founded in 1806 to also include several other settlements and a great deal of unsettled lands. Unhappy with that governance, Chatham seceded from the township in 1892 and returned to a village government. The borough form of government was offered by the state and adopted when the Borough of Chatham was incorporated in 1897, and has been used since.

Local government

Chatham Borough is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government. The governing body consists of a Mayor and a Borough Council comprising six council members, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Chatham, the most common system used in the state, is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.

, the Mayor of Chatham Borough is Republican Bruce A. Harris, whose term of office ends December 31, 2019. Members of the Borough Council are Council President James J. Collander (R, 2019), Carolyn Dempsey (D, 2021), Victoria Fife (R, 2019), Thaddeus Kobylarz (D, 2020), Jocelyn Mathiasen (D, 2021) and Robert A. Weber Sr. (R, 2020).

Alida Kass was elected in November 2013 to fill the vacant seat of Leonard Resto, who had resigned from office for a term expiring in December 2015. Resto resigned in April 2013 after accepting employment that would require him to leave the borough and the Republican municipal committee did not nominate any candidates to fill the position, leaving the seat vacant until the November general election.

Federal, state, and county representation
Chatham Borough is located in the 11th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Chatham Borough had been in the 26th state legislative district.

Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 5,750 registered voters in Chatham Borough, of which 1,368 (23.8%) were registered as Democrats, 1,928 (33.5%) were registered as Republicans and 2,452 (42.6%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties.

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 54.6% of the vote (2,501 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 44.7% (2,045 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (33 votes), among the 4,600 ballots cast by the borough's 6,131 registered voters (21 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 75.0%. In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 50.2% of the vote (2,413 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 48.4% (2,325 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (44 votes), among the 4,807 ballots cast by the borough's 5,975 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.5%. In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 56.7% of the vote (2,678 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 42.3% (1,995 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (28 votes), among the 4,721 ballots cast by the borough's 6,084 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 77.6.

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 71.1% of the vote (1,770 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27.2% (678 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (41 votes), among the 2,530 ballots cast by the borough's 6,046 registered voters (41 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 41.8%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 56.6% of the vote (1,892 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 32.7% (1,092 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 9.7% (325 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (14 votes), among the 3,344 ballots cast by the borough's 5,831 registered voters, yielding a 57.3% turnout.

Shared services

Chatham Borough shares various joint public services with Chatham Township: the recreation program, the library (since 1974), the school district (created in 1986), and medical emergency squad (since 1936).

Chatham Township became a member, with Chatham Borough, Madison and Harding Township, of a joint municipal court, which was created in 2010 and is located in Madison.

Fishawack Festival
First celebrated in 1971, the Fishawack Festival is held in the beginning of summer, on South Passaic Avenue and Fire House Plaza, which are blocked off so up to 20,000 attendees can walk freely in the streets. Local vendors set up booths to sell food, clothing, toys, and various other souvenirs, as well as games and rides for children. The festival has been sponsored by the Madison YMCA, PipeWorks Services, and Klas Electrical. Funds generated from the Fishawack Festival go toward various community groups located in Chatham Borough and Chatham Township.

The word "Fishawack" is derived from the Lenni Lenape name for the Passaic River.

Education

Public schools

The School District of the Chathams is a regional public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Chatham Borough and Chatham Township. Chatham Borough and Chatham Township held elections in November 1986 to consider joining their (at the time separate) school districts. This proposal was supported by the voters of both communities and since then, the two municipalities have shared a regionalized school district.

As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprising six schools, had an enrollment of 4,212 students and 329.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1. Schools in the district (with 2017–18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Milton Avenue School with 291 students in grades PreK-3,
Southern Boulevard School with 499 students in grades PreK-3,
Washington Avenue School with 373 students in grades PreK-3,
Lafayette School with 696 students in grades 4-5,
Chatham Middle School with 1,038 students in grades 6-8 and
Chatham High School with 1,278 students in grades 9-12. The district's board of education has nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration; the seats on the board are allocated to the constituent municipalities based on population, with Chatham Borough assigned four seats.

For the 2004–05 school year, Chatham High School was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive. Milton Avenue School was one of 11 in the state to be recognized in 2014 by the United States Department of Education's National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. The district's high school was the 1st-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 20th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 8th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed.

Private schools
Saint Patrick School, founded in 1872, serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade, operating under the direction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson.

Transportation

Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of  of roadways, of which  were maintained by the municipality,  by Morris County and  by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.

New Jersey Route 24 is the most prominent highway crossing the borough, although there is no direct access to Chatham. The nearest interchange is in neighboring Millburn. New Jersey Route 124 is the main local road providing access to Chatham.

The borough received coverage from The New York Times and The Chatham Press in 1906 for implementation of what may be the world's first recorded use of a speed bump as a traffic calming device. A report from the April 24, 1906, issue of The Times described how "[t]he 'bumps' installed by the borough officials of the village of Chatham to check the speed of automobiles through the village had their first test yesterday, and proved a decided success."

Public transportation

NJ Transit stops at the Chatham station to provide commuter service on the Morristown Line, with trains heading to the Hoboken Terminal and to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.

NJ Transit does not provide direct bus service to Manhattan. It provides various route options with bus transfers. NJ Transit local bus service is provided on the 873 route to the Livingston Mall and Parsippany-Troy Hills, which replaced service that had been offered until 2010 on the MCM3 and MCM8 routes.

Bus lines also connect Chatham with the other towns along Route 24 from Newark to Morristown, mostly running parallel to the train lines. Nowadays, buses transport people along the line, but stagecoaches and trolleys were mass transit methods once used along the route that followed Main Street. That section of the old route now is labeled Route 124 because of the opening of a new Route 24, a modern highway. The destruction of the historic downtown by a proposed widening of the historic route was opposed and after much debate, an alternate route was chosen to preserve the historic downtowns of Chatham and Madison. The last rails for the trolley system were removed from the area roads in the 1950s.

Library

Chatham Library was founded in 1907 in downtown Chatham Borough after decades of discussion and planning. Growth of the collection brought about expansion and movement to progressively larger facilities until the current building was built on Main Street on the former site of the Fairview Hotel, after it had burned down. The hotel land was bought after a borough-wide solicitation of funds that was proposed by Charles M. Lum, after whose family Lum Avenue is named, and a brick building was constructed to house the library. The new Chatham Library was dedicated and opened to the public in 1924.

A referendum on the November 1974 ballot regarding jointure was approved by voters, providing that the Chatham Library would also serve Chatham Township residents. The library was renamed as the Library of The Chathams, which now is administered by six trustees, who are appointed jointly through the two governments via the mayors of Chatham Borough and Chatham Township or their representatives, as well as a representative from the newly created joint School District of the Chathams.

The Library of The Chathams joined the Morris Automated Information Network (MAIN), an electronic database linking together all the public libraries in Morris County, in 1985. Recently, an expansion costing nearly $4,000,000 was completed (with the governments of Chatham Borough and Chatham Township contributing a combined $2,000,000). The project was completed and the new addition dedicated on January 11, 2004.

Sister city
Chatham has one sister city:
  Esternay, France

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Chatham Borough include:
 Ben Bailey (born 1970), comedian and host of Discovery Channel's Cash Cab.
 Kafi Benz (born 1941), writer, conservationist, artist and community leader.
 Leanna Brown (born 1935), politician.
 Edward Everett Bruen (1859-1938), first Mayor of East Orange, New Jersey and a descendant of founders of Chatham
 Bruce Harris (born 1951), lawyer and politician who served as the borough's mayor.
 Shepard Kollock (1750–1839), American Revolutionary War-era editor, author and printer of the New Jersey Journal, which became the first newspaper in Chatham and third newspaper in New Jersey in 1779.
 Ann McLaughlin Korologos (born 1941, née Lauenstein), United States Secretary of Labor in the Reagan Administration.
 Nick Mangold (born 1984), American football center for the New York Jets of the National Football League.
 Bob Papa (born 1964), head radio announcer for the New York Giants.
 David K. Shipler (born 1942), author who won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land.
 John Tolkin (born 2002), soccer defender for New York Red Bulls II in the USL Championship and the New York Red Bulls academy.
 Aaron Montgomery Ward (1844−1913), inventor of mail order and a descendant of colonial settlers
 Alice Waters (born 1944), chef and pioneer of local, organic food movement.

References

Historical research resources
 Anderson, John R. Shepard Kollock: Editor for Freedom. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Historical Society, 1975.
 Cunningham, John T. Chatham: At the Crossing of the Fishawack. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Historical Society, 1967.
 Philhower, Charles A., Brief History of Chatham, Morris County, New Jersey. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1914.
 Thayer, Theodore. Colonial and Revolutionary Morris County. The Morris County Heritage Commission. (government publication)
 Vanderpoel, Ambrose Ely. History of Chatham, New Jersey. New York: Charles Francis Press, 1921. Reprint. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Historical Society, 1959.
 White, Donald Wallace. A Village at War: Chatham and the American Revolution. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1979.
 ______________. Chatham. Dover, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 1997.
 ______________. "Historic Minisink Trail". Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. 8, (January–October 1923): 199–205.
 ______________. "Indians of the Morris County Area". Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. 54 (October 1936): 248–267.
 Design Guidelines Manual For Rehabilitation and Construction in the Main Street Historic District. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham Borough Historic Preservation Commission, 1994. (government publication)

External links

 Official Borough of Chatham website
 ChathamPatch - Online News/Features about Chatham Borough and Chatham Township
 Chatham, New Jersey, at City-Data
 Chatham Community Profile and Resource Links, NJ HomeTownLocator

Category:1897 establishments in New Jersey
Category:Borough form of New Jersey government
Category:Boroughs in Morris County, New Jersey
Category:Populated places established in 1897

pt:Chatham (Nova Jérsei)


Online social entertainment

Online social entertainment blends entertaining interactive functionality and content including live video streaming, video chat communications,  multi-player gaming, music and videos streaming, with social networking service such as social graph management, forums, reviews, ratings, and geo-location options. It is the foundation for a more immersive, interactive, enriching and engaging content consumption experience through social channels. Social entertainment is distinct from social networking websites in that the former is based fundamentally on immersive engaging experiences with functionality, content and people, while the latter is based primarily on building and maintaining relationships with other users. Typically, social entertainment is defined by the individual sites dedicated to a particular type of entertainment experience incorporating basic social networking services.

Within the realm of social entertainment, online content is tightly intertwined with social features. These interactions around the content create a highly personalized experience for users which, in turn, drives a virtuous cycle of ongoing consumer engagement for service providers. In this sense, social entertainment refines the paradigm established by social networks, in which interactions with others are central and reasons for interacting with them are secondary.

Types of services
A social entertainment service is an online service, platform or website which links back to social networking websites to help connect users and has begun to facilitate audience acquisition.  While these websites may not yet be recognized as entertainment companies, they are leading the way in terms of adding value to the consumer experience of entertainment online.  The majority of users polled in both the UK and US felt that social networking websites provide better value than music, gaming and television companies alone. Due to this shift in audience interaction, traditional media companies are acquiring social components to stay competitive.

The main types of services offering social entertainment are split into two categories: live platforms and packaged Internet platforms. The main differentiating factor between these categories is that one offers their experience through an exclusive real-time online experience and the latter has broadened the user experience by the inclusion of mobile platforms.

Live platforms
These services may also create an interactive experience that is fundamental to a dynamic online social environment.  The level of audience interaction with a social networking service or social graphic continues to make an impact on the entertainment in which these audiences partake. Some examples for this type of online social entertainment service are also big platforms like Twitch and Youtube and others like Cisco Eos, Woo Media, IMVU, and Hi5.

Packaged Internet platforms
A hallmark of social entertainment is that it can also be accessible across connected mobile device platforms. Social entertainment providers who prioritize development of mobile applications for a range operating systems (iOS and Android in particular) and display sizes will be best equipped to meet user expectations of anywhere, anytime access and to exceed expectations of a deep, rich content experience. Examples of these packaged social entertainment platforms are MySpace and Warner Bros.

History
The evolution of the online social entertainment experience is ongoing, and the social networking service span a wide variety of content types and genres and a diverse array of social experiences.

As an evolution of social networks online, social entertainment websites have grown exponentially. In 2010, Edelman released a study revealing that seventy-three percent of 18- to 24-year-olds in the US and 61 percent in the UK see social networks as a form of entertainment. Fifty percent (US) and 56 percent (UK) of respondents aged 35–49 also consider social networking websites to be a main source of entertainment.

Online vs. traditional media
Online entertainment is a growing industry which is replacing traditional media. Within the past decade, video renting companies have shutdown due to services such as Netflix making video rental more convenient. Similarly, cable and satellite television companies are experiencing similar situations. In March 2017, YouTube announced their new service YouTube TV. The news prompted the discussion as to how the service would compare to traditional cable and satellite. When referencing the stock market, companies that provide cable or satellite services have been to shown to have decreasing share prices while companies such as Netflix have shown substantial growth.

See also

Distributed social network
Geosocial networking
Mobile social network
Personal network
Social identity
Social network
Social network aggregation
Social software
User profile
Virtual community
Web 2.0

References

Category:Social networking services


Leopoldo de Austria

Leopoldo de Austria (between 1513 and 1515 in Austria – 27 September 1557 in Cordoba) was an illegitimate son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Bishop of Cordoba (1596–1601).

Biography
Leopoldo de Austria was born in Austria as illegitimate son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna von Helfenstein, who bore him 7 other children.

He received a humanist education and was sent to Spain, where his nephew Charles, Holy Roman Emperor had become King.
Between 1636 and 1537, he was the Rector of the Salamanca University. In 1541, he was appointed as Bishop of Cordoba during the papacy of Pope Paul III as successor of Pedro Fernández Manrique.

He served as Bishop of Cordoba until his death on 27 September 1557.

He had an illegitimate son Maximiliano de Austria (1555–1614), who became Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, Bishop of Segovia and Bishop of Cádiz.

References

Category:16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops
Category:1557 deaths
Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Paul III
Category:Year of birth uncertain


Phil Riley

Phil Riley was Chief Executive of Chrysalis Radio from June 1999 to July 2007, having played a major role in establishing Chrysalis Radio as one of the leading new entrants in the UK radio industry. Phil resigned his post after leading the successful sale of Chrysalis Radio to private company Global Radio in July 2007, before going on to found Orion Media before selling it in May 2016. He is a Fellow of The Radio Academy .

Career
Riley's radio career started in 1980, when he joined Birmingham's BRMB as a graduate trainee. In 1990, he was appointed Managing Director of 96.3 Radio Aire in Leeds where he was responsible for the launch and success of Magic 828, the original Magic station.  He left in 1994 to join the newly formed Chrysalis Radio as Managing Director of its first station, Heart 100.7 in Birmingham - a role he reprised the following year for sister-station Heart 106.2 in London.

Phil was active in the development of digital radio, sitting on the board of the Digital Radio Development Bureau (DRDB), as well as chairing multiplex consortium MXR (in which Chrysalis was the lead shareholder). On a wider industry level, Phil held main board memberships of The Radio Centre (formerly the CRCA and RAB) for over ten years. He also sat on the Rajar Board. Phil has an MBA (specialising in Marketing) from Columbia Business School.

He advised media company boards on strategy matters, and at the end of 2007 was named Executive Chairman of a bid for EMAP Radio, backed by Private Equity group Vitruvian Partners.

In May 2009, Riley purchased BRMB, Mercia, Wyvern, Beacon in the West Midlands and Gem 106 in the East Midlands from Global Radio for a sale price worth £37.5 million. In January 2012, Riley announced that all these stations apart from Gem 106 would be rebranded as 'Free Radio' in order to give Orion better marketing opportunities. On Thursday 3 July 2014, Riley received a Special Award at the Arqiva Commercial Radio Awards.

In May 2016, Riley sold Orion Media to Bauer Media for a reported £50m

When Bauer acquired a number of radio groups in February 2019, they were placed into a hold separate whilst the Competition and Markets Authority investigated the deal. Phil was employed as an independent Director to support the management teams of the acquired companies.

Outside of his work for Bauer, Phil established Podcast Live, a business that arranges live events for the podcast sector.

References

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:British radio executives
Category:Columbia Business School alumni


Lai Zhide

(; also   , 1525–1604) was a Ming period Neo-Confucian philosopher. He introduced into Chinese philosophy the well-known "Yin and Yang symbol", the taijitu (a "diagram of the great ultimate").
Lai Zhide is the author of an I Ching commentary, the  Explanation of the Classic of Change Annotated by Mr Lai (ed. Zheng Can 1988).

References

See also
Li Zhi (Ming Dynasty)
Zhou Dun-yi, an 11th-century Neo-Confucian who had also presented a taijitu

Category:16th-century philosophers
Category:1525 births
Category:1604 deaths
Category:Ming dynasty philosophers
Category:Chinese Confucianists
Category:Neo-Confucianism
Category:Ming dynasty writers
Category:Philosophers from Chongqing
Category:Writers from Chongqing


Dyakonovo, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Dyakonovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

References

Category:Rural localities in Vladimir Oblast


Special

Special or the specials or variation, may refer to:

Policing
 Specials, Ulster Special Constabulary, the Northern Ireland police force
 Specials, Special Constable, an auxiliary, volunteer, or temporary; police worker or police officer

Literature
 Specials (novel), a novel by Scott Westerfeld
 Specials, the comic book heroes, see Rising Stars (comic)

Film and television
 Special (lighting), a stage light that is used for a single, specific purpose
 Special (film), a 2006 scifi dramedy
 The Specials (2000 film), a comedy film about a group of superheroes
 The Specials (2019 film), a film by Olivier Nakache and Éric Toledano
 Television special, television programming that temporarily replaces scheduled programming
 Special (TV series), a 2019 Netflix Original TV series
 Specials (TV series), a 1991 TV series about British Special Constables
 The Specials (TV series), an internet documentary series about 5 friends with learning disabilities
 "Special" (Lost), an episode of the television series Lost

Music
 The Specials, a British ska music band

Albums
 Special (album), a 1992 album by Vesta Williams
 The Specials (album), British ska band The Specials first album
 More Specials, British ska band The Specials second album
 The Specials (Shania Twain video), a 2001 DVD release

Songs
 "Special" (Garbage song), 1998
 "Special", a 2005 song by Mew from And the Glass Handed Kites
 "Special", a 2000 song by Stephen Lynch from A Little Bit Special
 "Special", a 1992 song by Vesta Williams from Special
 "Special", a 1986 song by Violent Femmes from The Blind Leading the Naked
 "Special", a 2005 song by The Game from The Documentary

Computing
 Specials (Unicode block), Unicode codepoints used for special usage
 An escape/extension mechanism in the Device independent file format (DVI)

Other uses
 A special price, a form of discounts and allowances
 A kit car or one-off home built vehicle
 A euphemism for someone with a disability, especially an intellectual disability
 Adcox Special, a biplane built in Portland, Oregon in 1929
 The SPECIAL System, the character creation system of the video game Fallout

See also

 Special forces (disambiguation)


Legionella fairfieldensis

Legionella fairfieldensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella  with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from cooling tower water in Fairfield, Victoria.

References

External links
Type strain of Legionella fairfieldensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Category:Legionellales
Category:Bacteria described in 1991


Winston's War

Winston's War is a 2003 novel by Michael Dobbs that presents a fictional account of the struggle of Winston Churchill to combat the appeasement policies of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

Plot summary
The story starts with Chamberlain's 1938 triumphant return to 10 Downing Street, a public hero after the signing of the Munich Agreement with Adolf Hitler, declaring "peace in our time." The story ends with the fall of the Chamberlain Government, and the appointment of Churchill as Prime Minister.

Churchill, relegated to the periphery of British politics by the late 1930s, lashes out against appeasement despite having almost no support from fellow parliamentarians or the British press.  The novel includes many of the momentous historical personages of the day: Chamberlain, the ailing and pacifist Prime Minister; Churchill, the political outcast, whose pugnacity created opprobrium in the public eye; Joseph Kennedy, the U.S. Ambassador to the Court of St. James's; Guy Burgess, an alcoholic BBC journalist of later Cold War infamy; the machiavellian newspaper mogul Max Aitken (Lord Beaverbrook), and the stuttering and insecure King George VI, who personally detests Churchill and tries to persuade his good friend, Lord Halifax, to take the reins of leadership.

Winston's War is the first in a series of novels by Dobbs about Churchill's wartime leadership. The sequel Never Surrender continues the storyline over the first few weeks of Churchill's premiership.

References

Category:2003 British novels
Category:Cultural depictions of Winston Churchill
Category:World War II novels
Category:Novels by Michael Dobbs
Category:HarperCollins books
Category:Cultural depictions of George VI


Joint Task Force OMEGA

Joint Task Force OMEGA () is a joint task force involving the Military of Colombia in support of Plan Patriota (Now replaced by Plan Consolidación) assembled with the main purpose of capturing the leaders of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

Mission

Its purpose is to conduct military operations, planning, developing and implementing assault operations, surveillance, interdiction, security and support, combating and neutralizing the narco-terrorist organizations, with an emphasis on neutralizing their leaders, their logistics infrastructure, economic base, and precipitate the military defeat of their armed paramilitaries.

Organization

The JTF OMEGA was formed by the best 15,000 soldiers in the military of Colombia selected from the Army, Air Force and Navy. The task force headquarters is located in the Military Fort Larandia in the Department of Caqueta.

Field units
Field units of the Task Force consist of eight brigades as follows:
 Mobile Brigades 1, 2 and 3 which make up the Rapid Deployment Force (Fuerza de Despliegue Rápido or "FUDRA"), these units are based in La Macarena in the Department of Meta;
 Mobile Brigade No. 6 based in Cartagena del Chairá, Department of Guaviare
 Mobile Brigade No. 7 based in Calamar, Department of Guaviare
 Mobile Brigade No. 9 based in San Vicente del Caguán, Department of Guaviare
 Mobile Brigade No. 10 based in Miraflores, Department of Guaviare
 Mobile Brigade No. 22 based in Peñas Coloradas, Department of Caqueta.

Apart from the land component, the JTF has a river component located in Tres Esquinas, Department of Caqueta, and an aviation component in the bases of Larandia and Apiay.

Operations
Operations left 137 members of the Colombian military killed in action and 1,300 wounded. After the end of Plan Patriota, The Joint Task Force OMEGA was renamed to OMEGA Campaign on December 10, 2006 to support the Plan Consolidación.

Commanders
 General Reinaldo Castellanos (????-2004)
 General Carlos Alberto Fracica (2004-2005)
 General Gilberto Rocha (2005-2006)
 General Alejandro Navas (2006-2008)
 General Javier Alberto Florez Aristizabal (2008–present)

Guerrilla infiltration scandal

During an operation on July 15, 2007 in the jungles of Colombia by the Colombian National Army soldiers pertaining to the 17th Counter-Guerrilla Battalion 2nd Mobile Brigade, localized a FARC campsite in the village of Montañitas, in the municipality of Mesetas, Meta Department and after a confrontation with members of FARC's 42nd Front, soldiers found on the body of one the guerrillas named José Nerup Reyes Peña and  presumed leader of that front, hard discs and USB drives containing information about members of the FARC guerrilla infiltration in the JTF OMEGA. The hard drive contained detailed maps outlining anti-guerrilla operations by Omega.

References

External links

 Colombian National Armada: Joint Task Force OMEGA

Category:Military units and formations of Colombia
Category:Joint task forces (armed forces)
Category:Colombian conflict (1964–present)
Category:National Army of Colombia


Flicka 2

Flicka 2 is a 2010 American direct-to-DVD family film and sequel to Flicka (2006). The movie is about a city girl who finds herself in the country not by choice and befriends a horse. Neither girl or horse are wanted; and they find a common bond. The film stars Patrick Warburton,  Tammin Sursok and Clint Black.

Plot
After the death of her mother, Carrie McLaughlin (Tammin Sursok) has been living with her grandmother in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When her grandmother needs to go to a nursing home, Carrie has to move in with her father Hank (Patrick Warburton), a rancher in Wyoming, whom she hasn't seen since she was a baby.

Initially reluctant to adapt to country living, Carrie soon meets Flicka, a beautiful black Mustang that previously had belonged to Carrie's cousin Katy (Alison Lohman), who asked Hank to look after Flicka when her father sold their own ranch. Flicka is wild and dangerous and, according to the ranchers, longs for Katy. However, when Carrie is attacked by a rattlesnake, Flicka saves her and the two form a bond. Carrie also meets Jake (Reilly Dolman), an attractive ranch hand hoping to become a country singer, and Amy Walker (Emily Tennant), the proud and arrogant daughter of a neighbour. Although Jake and Carrie take an immediate liking to each other, there is instant animosity between Carrie and Amy, mainly because Amy also likes Jake.

When Carrie disobeys her father's rules regarding visits to the nearest town, Hank decides to punish Carrie by temporarily relocating Flicka to the farm of one of his ranch hands, Toby (Clint Black). After a midnight visit by Carrie, Flicka tries to follow Carrie home to Hank's ranch, but accidentally ends up on the ranch belonging to Amy's father HD Walker (Ted Whittall). Upon entering the Walker ranch, Flicka damages a fence and releases some of HD's prize cows. At Amy's request, HD asks for Flicka as payment for the damage, threatening to turn it into a lawsuit if Hank refuses. Amy then starts training with Flicka for a championship, but performs poorly during the actual competition because of Flicka's fear of the crowd and camera flashes from the audience. HD and Amy decide to have Flicka slaughtered the next day, but Carrie frees the horse during the night and sets her free to join a nearby herd of Mustangs.

One year later, Carrie, Hank, and Toby are riding in the mountains when they encounter the same herd of Mustangs, including Flicka and her newborn foal.

Cast
 Patrick Warburton as Hank McLaughlin
 Tammin Sursok as Carrie McLaughlin
 Clint Black as Toby
 Emily Tennant as Amy Walker
 Reilly Dolman as Jake
 Ted Whittall as HD Walker
 Craig Stanghetta as Pete
 Dwayne Wiley as Tucker

Soundtrack

 Musical Score by:

References

External links

Category:2010 direct-to-video films
Category:American films
Category:Direct-to-video sequel films
Category:English-language films
Category:20th Century Fox direct-to-video films
Category:Films directed by Michael Damian
Category:Country music films
Category:Fictional horses
Category:Films about horses
Category:Films based on American novels
Category:American sequel films
Category:Films shot in British Columbia
Category:Films set in Wyoming


Prazitone

Prazitone (AGN-511) is a barbiturate derivative developed in the 1970s. Unlike most barbiturates, it has little or no sedative effects, instead acting as a non-sedating anxiolytic and antidepressant. The dosage range in humans is around 200–600 mg, although higher doses have been used in trials for the treatment of depression associated with Parkinson's disease.

References

Category:Antidepressants
Category:Anxiolytics
Category:Barbiturates
Category:Piperidines
Category:Pyrimidines


Barpeta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

Barpeta (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of  Assam a Northeastern state of India.  Barpeta is also part of Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency.

Member of Legislative Assembly

 1957: Mahadev Das, Indian National Congress
 1957: Srihari Das, Praja Socialist Party
 1962: Madhusudhan Das, Praja Socialist Party
 1965: D.Talukdar, Indian National Congress
 1967: S.N. Das, Praja Socialist Party
 1972: Surendra Nath Da, Indian National Congress
 1978: A. Latif, Independent
 1983: Ismail Hussain, Independent
 1985: Kumar Deepak Das, Independent
 1991: Ismail Hussain, Indian National Congress
 1996: Ismail Hussain, Indian National Congress
 2001: Ismail Hussain, Indian National Congress
 2006: Gunindra Nath Das, Asom Gana Parishad
 2011: Abdur Rahim Khan, All India United Democratic Front
 2016: Gunindra Nath Das, Asom Gana Parishad

Election results

2016 results

2011 results

2006 results

See also

 Barpeta
 Barpeta district
 List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly

References

Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam
Category:Barpeta district
Category:Barpeta


Miss V from Moscow

Miss V from Moscow is a 1942 American film.

The Miss V of the title is Vera Marova, a Soviet spy sent to Paris to impersonate her lookalike, a German spy recently liquidated by the French Resistance.  As with other, better-known American films produced in the midst of World War II like Mission to Moscow and Song of Russia, the film has a pronounced pro-Soviet tone.

Cast
 Lola Lane as Vera Marova
 Noel Madison as Police Chief Kleiss
 Howard Banks as Steve Worth
 Paul Weigel as Henri Devallier
 John Vosper as Colonel Wolfgang Heinrich
 Anna Demetrio as Madame Finchon
 Wilhelm von Brincken as Captain Richter
 Juan de la Cruz as Pierre
 Kathryn Sheldon as Minna
 Victor Kendell as Gerry Naughton
 Richard Kipling as Doctor Suchevcky

External links

Category:1942 films
Category:American films
Category:Producers Releasing Corporation films
Category:American pro-Soviet propaganda films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:World War II spy films
Category:American action adventure films
Category:1940s action films
Category:1940s adventure films


Simon Binks

Simon John Binks (born 27 November 1956,) is an Australian rock musician who was a guitarist and singer-songwriter for Australian Crawl from founding in 1978 to disbanding in 1986.

Biography

Early career
Binks was raised in the Mornington Peninsula suburb of Mount Eliza on the outskirts of Melbourne and educated at The Peninsula School.

Spiff Rouch was a band formed in 1976, it included Binks and fellow locals James Reyne, Bill McDonough, Guy McDonough, Paul Williams, and Robert Walker. By early 1978, Spiff Rouch had separated and Australian Crawl was formed with Binks (lead guitar), Reyne (lead vocals, piano, harmonica), and Williams (bass guitar), they were joined by James Reyne's younger brother David Reyne (drums) and schoolmate Brad Robinson (rhythm guitar, backing vocals).

Australian Crawl

Australian Crawl performed their first live gig in October 1978. Bill McDonough (drums) replaced David Reyne within the first year.

Binks wrote or co-wrote four tracks for Australian Crawl's 1980 debut album The Boys Light Up as well as guitars (lead, slide, acoustic) and vocals. Bill's brother, Guy McDonough (guitars, singer-songwriting) joined Australian Crawl later that year. For their second album Sirocco in 1981, Binks supplied two tracks, and guitar work; the third album, Sons of Beaches in 1982, had Binks providing guitars but no songwriting credits.

Drummer Bill McDonough left early in 1983, the Crawl recorded an EP Semantics with Graham Bidstrup on drums. Of the four tracks, Binks wrote "White Limbo" which was also the B-side of the European single release "Reckless". Mountain climber, Lincoln Hall, quotes lyrics from Binks' song in his book, White Limbo: The first Australian climb of Mt Everest (1985). The EP Semantics charted on the Australian Singles Charts to reach No. 1 and consequently some sources list "Reckless" as a No. 1 single. After the EP, John Watson replaced Bidstrup as drummer.

Phalanx released late in 1983 was a live album which saw Binks and sound engineer Ross Cockle as producers. Australian Crawl toured England supporting Duran Duran in late 1983 but they returned to Australia with Guy McDonough seriously ill and subsequently dying in June 1984. During recording sessions for Between a Rock and a Hard Place Binks resigned, he was replaced by session musicians on guitar and by Simon Hussey (ex Cats Under Pressure) who provided keyboards and songwriting. Between a Rock and a Hard Place was expensive and had less chart success than previous albums; to recoup his investment, Binks returned to the band for their final national tour, recorded in the live album The Final Wave, which was released in 1986.

Later career
Binks played guitar in the Broderick Smith Band in 1988. He signed with Blue Pie Productions, in July 2004 but didn't produce any recorded materials and subsequently left.

An injury in a 1995 car crash at a North Sydney Council roadworks left Binks slightly brain-damaged with some sensory loss and restriction of finer movements of his right hand, which had prevented him from regaining the high level of skill he had previously shown. A court in 2006 awarded him $330,253 in damages, down from an estimated $750,000 because lawyers for North Sydney Council provided evidence that Binks was speeding and over the legal alcohol limit. Binks later disputed the alcohol reading as belonging to another driver and stated the remuneration mostly went to his lawyers. During the court case media also reported that he fell out with Crawl co-founder James Reyne after claiming to have written "The Boys Light Up", one of Australian Crawl's early hits. Binks denied this also, claiming that although he wrote the introductory musical theme from "The Boys Light Up" such work was not usually credited, and that the basic chords and lyrics were written by Reyne. After an appeal by the Council, in September 2007, the amount Binks was awarded was reduced to $304,750.

Personal life
By November 1993 Binks was married and they had a child. During his court case v North Sydney Council, evidence was presented that he suffered from migraines most of his life and had been prescribed injections of pethidine by his doctor to combat the pain. Evidence from the court cases reported that Binks was due to separate from his wife Sharon in 2006. He lives with his daughter, Elizabeth, and continues to perform and write music.

Discography
 Spiff Rouch (1976–1978)
 no known recorded output
 Australian Crawl (1978–1984)
 for full list or for a quick link to albums and singles use infobox below. Studio albums with Binks:
 The Boys Light Up (1980)
 Sirocco (1981)
 Sons of Beaches (1982)
 Semantics (1983 EP, 1984 LP)
 Broderick Smith Band (1988)

References

External links

 Showcase Your Music entry on Simon Binks

Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian Crawl members
Category:Australian guitarists


Princess Hermine

Princess Hermine may refer to:

Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1797-1817), an Archduchess of Austria through her marriage to Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary
Hermine Reuss of Greiz (1887-1947), second wife of Wilhelm II, German Emperor


Hunan hand syndrome

Hunan hand syndrome (also known as "Chili burn") is a temporary, but very painful, cutaneous condition that commonly afflicts those who handle, prepare, or cook with fresh or roasted chili peppers.. It was first described in an eponymous case report in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1981.. It occurs when the phytochemical capsaisin, which can be present in very high concentrations in certain varieties of chili peppers, (especially with superhot peppers such as ghost peppers or carolina reapers) contacts cutaneous free nerve endings which are present in high density in the finger tips of its victims. This triggers the release substance P, which in turn causes a sensation of intense burning pain. Various treatments for Hunan Hand have been described, including soaking the affected fingers in lidocaine; milk or vinegar; or the use of local nerve blocks, gabapentin, or topical corticosteroids. Hunan hand can be prevented by the simple expedient of wearing rubber gloves when handling chili peppers.

See also
 Kang cancer
 List of cutaneous conditions

References

Category:Skin conditions resulting from physical factors
Category:Syndromes affecting the skin
Category:Culture in Hunan
Category:Chili peppers


Dendropsophus minimus

Dendropsophus minimus is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Sources

Category:Dendropsophus
Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil
Category:Amphibians described in 1933
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot