Japanese destroyer Shikinami (1929)

was the 12th of 24 s, built for the Imperial Japanese Navy following World War I. When introduced into service, these ships were the most powerful destroyers in the world. They served as first-line destroyers through the 1930s, and remained formidable weapons systems well into the Pacific War.

History
Construction of the advanced Fubuki-class destroyers was authorized as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion program from fiscal 1923, intended to give Japan a qualitative edge with the world's most modern ships. The Fubuki class had performance that was a quantum leap over previous destroyer designs, so much so that they were designated . The large size, powerful engines, high speed, large radius of action and unprecedented armament gave these destroyers the firepower similar to many light cruisers in other navies. Shikinami, built at the Maizuru Naval Arsenal was the second in an improved series, which incorporated a modified gun turret which could elevate her main battery of Type 3 127 mm 50 caliber naval guns to 75° as opposed to the original 40°, thus permitting the guns to be used as dual purpose guns against aircraft. Shikinami was laid down on 6 July 1928, launched on 22 June 1929 and commissioned on 24 December 1929. Originally assigned hull designation “Destroyer No. 46”, she was completed as Shikinami.

The 4th Fleet Incident occurred only a year after her commissioning, and Shikinami was quickly taken back to the shipyards to have her hull strengthened.

Operational history
On completion, Shikinami, along with her sister ships, , , and , were assigned to Destroyer Division 19 under the IJN 2nd Fleet. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Shikinami covered landing of Japanese forces in Shanghai and Hangzhou. From 1940 on, she was assigned to patrol and cover landings of Japanese forces in south China.

World War II history
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Shikinami was assigned to Destroyer Division 19 of DesRon 3 of the IJN 1st Fleet, and had deployed from Kure Naval District to the port of Samah on Hainan Island, escorting Japanese troopships for landing operations in the Battle of Malaya at the end of 1941.

In January–February 1942, Shikinami was assigned to the escort of the aircraft carrier  as it conducted air strikes in the Java Sea.  During the Battle of Sunda Strait on 1 March, Shikinami entered the battle late, but contributed by firing the final torpedo, which sank the United States Navy heavy cruiser . She escorted troopship convoys from Saigon to Rangoon through the remainder of March. From 13–22 April, she returned via Singapore and Camranh Bay to Kure Naval Arsenal, for maintenance.

On 4–5 June, Shikinami participated in the Battle of Midway as part of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto’s main fleet. Shikinami sailed from Amami-Ōshima to Mako Guard District, Singapore, Sabang and Mergui for a projected second Indian Ocean raid. The operation was cancelled due to the Guadalcanal campaign, and Shikinami was ordered to Truk instead, arriving in late August. During the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August, Shikinami escorted the fleet supply group to Guadalcanal. She was assigned to numerous "Tokyo Express" transport missions to various locations in the Solomon Islands in October and November.

During the Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal on 14–15 November 1942  Shikinami was attached to a scouting force under the command of Rear Admiral Shintarō Hashimoto in the light cruiser . Shikinami survived the battle without damage, and returned to Kure by the end of the year.

In January 1943, Shikinami escorted a troop convoy from Pusan to Palau and on to Wewak. For the remainder of January–February, she patrolled out of Truk or Rabaul. On 25 February, Shikinami was reassigned to the IJN 8th Fleet.

During the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on 1–4 March, Shikinami escorted a troop convoy from Rabaul to Lae. She survived the Allied air attack on 3 March which sank her sister ship , and rescued Rear Admiral Masatomi Kimura and other survivors. After returning to Kure briefly in March, Shikinami continued to serve in an escort and transport role in the Solomon Islands and New Guinea area through the end of October 1943.  At the end of October 1943, Shikinami was refit in Singapore, and assigned to escort of transports between Singapore and Surabaya and Balikpapan for the remainder of the year.

At the end of January 1944, Shikinami escorted the cruisers , , , and  on a resupply run to the Andaman Islands, and towed the torpedoed Kitakami back to Singapore afterwards. In a month-long refit in Singapore from mid-March-mid-April, additional anti-aircraft guns were fitted. In May–June, Shikinami made numerous escort missions between Singapore, the Philippines and Palau. During a troop transport mission to Biak as flagship for Admiral Naomasa Sakonju, Shikinami came under a strafing air attack, which set fire to her depth charges, which were jettisoned just before they exploded, killing two crewmen and wounding four others. Shikinami continued to escort ships between Singapore, Brunei and the Philippines from June–August, rescuing the survivors of the torpedoed Ōi on 19 July. On 12 September, after departing Singapore with a convoy bound for Japan, Shikinami was torpedoed by the submarine   south of Hong Kong at position . Eight officers and 120 men rescued by the destroyer , but her captain — Lieutenant Commander Takahashi — and Rear Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka were killed in action.

On 10 October 1944, Shikinami was removed from the navy list.

Notes

References

External links

Muir, Dan Order of Battle - The Battle of the Sunda Strait 1942

Category:Fubuki-class destroyers
Category:Ships built in Japan
Category:1929 ships
Category:World War II destroyers of Japan
Category:Ships sunk by American submarines
Category:World War II shipwrecks in the South China Sea
Category:Maritime incidents in September 1944


Administrative divisions of Kurgan Oblast

Cities and towns under the oblast's jurisdiction:
Kurgan (Курган) (administrative center)
Shadrinsk (Шадринск)
Districts:
Almenevsky (Альменевский)
with 12 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Belozersky (Белозерский)
with 19 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Chastoozersky (Частоозерский)
with 9 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Dalmatovsky (Далматовский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Dalmatovo (Далматово)
with 25 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Kargapolsky (Каргапольский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Kargapolye (Каргаполье)
Krasny Oktyabr (Красный Октябрь)
with 19 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Kataysky (Катайский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Kataysk (Катайск)
with 15 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Ketovsky (Кетовский)
with 28 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Kurtamyshsky (Куртамышский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Kurtamysh (Куртамыш)
with 20 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Lebyazhyevsky (Лебяжьевский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Lebyazhye (Лебяжье)
with 18 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Makushinsky (Макушинский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Makushino (Макушино)
with 18 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Mishkinsky (Мишкинский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Mishkino (Мишкино)
with 17 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Mokrousovsky (Мокроусовский)
with 17 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Petukhovsky (Петуховский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Petukhovo (Петухово)
with 17 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Polovinsky (Половинский)
with 15 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Pritobolny (Притобольный)
with 14 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Safakulevsky (Сафакулевский)
with 13 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Shadrinsky (Шадринский)
with 35 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Shatrovsky (Шатровский)
with 17 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Shchuchansky (Щучанский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Shchuchye (Щучье)
with 16 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Shumikhinsky (Шумихинский)
Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
Shumikha (Шумиха)
with 16 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Tselinny (Целинный)
with 19 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Vargashinsky (Варгашинский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Vargashi (Варгаши)
with 18 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Yurgamyshsky (Юргамышский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Yurgamysh (Юргамыш)
with 14 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Zverinogolovsky (Звериноголовский)
with 8 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.

References

Category:Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast


Plasmodium wenyoni

Plasmodium wenyoni is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium. As in all Plasmodium species, P. wenyoni has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Garnham in 1965. The original host was a Thamnodynastes pallidus that died in a London zoo in 1934.

Distribution
This species is found in Brazil.

Hosts
The only known hosts of this species are snakes.

The insect vectors for this species are mosquitoes of the genus Culex.

Fever in the infected snake is irregular.

References

wenyoni


Hans Vonk (cyclist)

Hans Vonk (born August 15, 1959 in Arnhem) is a Dutch male track cyclist and road cyclist. He was professional between 1981 and 1982. He became one time Dutch Track Cycling Champion in the 1 km time trial and competed at the 1981 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Career

Track cycling
At the Dutch National Track Championships he became national champion in the 1 km time trial in 1980 after winning the two bronze medals in 1978 and 1979. He further won a silver medal in the tandem discipline in 1978 and a bronze medal in the pursuit for amateur riders in 1980. Vonk was selected to compete in the points race event at the 1981 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Road cycling
As an amateur cyclist he won competed in local cycle races in the late 1970s and won the Tour of South-East Friesland. In 1980 he won the sixth stage of the Tour of Slovakia. He became professional in 1981 and joined the Dutch team HB Alarmsystemen and the year afterwards the Dutch team AMKO Sport. As of 2011 he is still taking part in cycling races.

See also
 Netherlands at the 1981 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

References

External links
 Profile at cyclingarchives.com

Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dutch male cyclists
Category:Sportspeople from Arnhem
Category:Dutch cyclists at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships


Tensou Sentai Goseiger: Epic on the Movie

is the title of the film edition of the 34th Super Sentai Series Tensou Sentai Goseiger. It was released on August 7, 2010, double-billed with the Kamen Rider W film W Forever: A to Z/The Gaia Memories of Fate. The film follows the Goseigers as they try to save the Earth from Warstar's surviving members. to obtain the . Like W Forever, Epic on the Movie was also filmed in 3-D.

The film's primary guest star is Sayaka Isoyama as , who is the guardian of the Horn of Ragnarok. Isoyama is known for her role as Ran Saotome/Sazer-Visuel in Chouseishin Gransazer. Also appearing in the film is Higuchi-kun, Louis Yamada LIII's boke in the manzai duo Hige Danshaku, as the announcer .

Plot
Hearing a strange voice, Alata finds a mysterious girl and offers to help her find what she is looking for.  She introduces herself as Rasil before she runs off to find a horn. Later as he thinks of how sad Rasil, Alata and the Gosei Angels are alerted by Datas when he detects Warstar. They head to Hokuto University due to a Warstar attack on a staff member of the mineral exhibit, having stolen one of two meteorites that landed on Earth. The others go to the museum where the other meteorite is. The Landick Siblings realize the meteor is a fake as Alata sees Rasil, who has the real one. Confronting her, Rasil reveals she is the meteorite is dangerous before they are attacked by Gyōten'ō of the Supernova. The Goseigers transform, but are powerless against Gyōten'ō as Deinbaruto of the Morning Star takes the meteorite from Rasil and unseals the  from the two meteorites before the aliens take their leave. As the others learn that the Horn of Ragnarok is a doomsday weapon can destroy worlds, word of it infamy theorized by Hyde to have reached Earth and became the inspiration for the Ragnarok myth. Alata chases after Rasil and learns that she was from a planet destroyed by the horn who was attempting to stop Warstar from getting their hands on it.

Later, Gyōten'ō & Deinbaruto are greeted by Buredoran who assumes his Warstar guise and offers his services before Gyōten'ō gives Deinbaruto the Horn to begin the end of the world. Assuring Rasil that he and the other Gosei Angels will stop it, Alata is joined by his allies before they all ambushed by specters assuming the forms of various Warstar aliens while subjecting them through a series of illusions before Gosei Knight arrives and defeats the phantoms. Leaving Rasil under Gosei Knight's protection, the Gosei Angels find Gyōten'ō & Deinbaruto as they assume Goseiger forms to fight them and Buredoran after Gyōten'ō swallows the Horn of Ragnarok. Fighting in both his Warstar and Yummajuu guises, Buredoran uses his Bibi Bugs to enlarge Gyōten'ō after Deinbaruto is destroyed. But with the Dragon Headder damaged during the fight, Gosei Red unable to form Gosei Great. However, Rasil's praying gives the Goseigers the Gosei Wonder Card. Summoning Gosei Wonder, they form Wonder Gosei Great to fight Gyōten'ō. With Rasil's morale support, the Goseigers manage to destroy both Gyōten'ō and the Horn of Ragnarok with Wonder Strike. Later, after thanking Alata and the Gosei Angels for their help, Rasil leaves Earth returns to her home world to rebuild it alongside another survivor. The Gosei Angels wave goodbye to Rasil with their battle with Warstar truly over.

Cast
 Alata: Yudai Chiba
 Eri: Rika Sato
 Agri: Kyousuke Hamao
 Moune: Mikiho Niwa
 Hyde:
 Gosei Knight: Katsuyuki Konishi
 Rasil:
 Nozomu Amachi:
 Professor Shuichiro Amachi:
 Katta Higuchi:
 Datas:
 Buredoran:
 Makuin of the Blob:
 Kinggon of the Bigfoot:
 Gyōten'ō of the Supernova:
 Deinbaruto of the Morning Star:
 Narration, Master Head, Tensouder:

Theme song

 Lyrics & Composition: NoB
 Arrangement: Yōgo Kōno
 Artist: Make-Up

References

External links
Official website

Category:2010 films
Category:Japanese films
Category:2010s Super Sentai films
Category:Films about angels
Category:Japanese supernatural films


Axel Frische

Axel Frische (15 March 1877 – 2 February 1956) was a Danish screenwriter, actor and film director. He wrote for 23 films between 1914 and 1956. He also appeared in 18 films between 1932 and 1950. He was born and died in Denmark.

Selected filmography
 The Price of Betrayal (1915)
 Odds 777 (1932)
 Life on the Hegn Farm (1938)
 Blaavand melder storm (1938)
 Familien Olsen (1940)
 Far skal giftes (1941 - writer)
 Moster fra Mols (1943 - writer and director)
 Letter from the Dead (1946)
 We Meet at Tove's (1946)
 The Viking Watch of the Danish Seaman (1948)
 Mosekongen (1950)

References

External links

Category:1877 births
Category:1956 deaths
Category:Danish screenwriters
Category:Male screenwriters
Category:Danish male writers
Category:Danish male film actors
Category:Danish male silent film actors
Category:20th-century Danish male actors
Category:Danish film directors


Azumaya

Azumaya may refer to:

 (1920–2010), Japanese mathematician
Azumaya algebra
, mountain in Nagano Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture, Japan
An azumaya is a traditional arbour or summer pavilion found in formal Japanese gardens

Category:Japanese-language surnames


Christopher Flanagan

Christopher Flanagan is an Irish sportsperson.  He plays hurling with the Westmeath senior inter-county hurling team. On 22 May 2011, he made his championship debut against Carlow in the 2011 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, starting at right corner back in a 4-10 to 1-14 win.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Westmeath inter-county hurlers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Steven Swanson

Steven Roy Swanson (born December 3, 1960 in Syracuse, New York) is an American Engineer and a retired NASA astronaut. He is married and has three children. He has received numerous awards and honors. These include the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal and the JSC Certificate of Accommodation and many others. Prior to becoming a NASA astronaut, Swanson worked for GTE in Phoenix, Arizona, as a software engineer. Swanson has flown two shuttle flights, STS-117 and STS-119, and one Soyuz flight, TMA-12M. All of the flights were to the International Space Station. He has logged over 195 days in space and completed five spacewalks totaling 28 hours and 5 minutes. Swanson has also served in other roles at NASA, such as a CAPCOM for both International Space Station and Space Shuttle missions.

Early years
Although born in Syracuse, New York, Swanson considers Steamboat Springs, Colorado to be his home. He graduated from Steamboat Springs High School in 1979, and went on to the University of Colorado to receive a bachelor's degree in engineering physics in 1983. In 1986, he received a master of applied science in computer systems from Florida Atlantic University. He later received a doctorate in computer science from Texas A&M University in 1998.

NASA career
Swanson joined NASA in 1987 as a systems engineer and a flight engineer working on the Shuttle Training Aircraft. He was selected as an astronaut in May 1998. His first mission was STS-117, which launched June 2007. He was a mission specialist on this flight, also serving as flight engineer. He also served as a mission specialist and lead spacewalker on STS-119. STS-119 launched March 15, 2009 and landed on March 28, 2009. He launched to the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 39/40 on March 25, 2014 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and returned to Earth on September 11, 2014. NASA announced Swanson's retirement in August 2015, and he currently works with Boise State University as a distinguished educator in residence assisting with programs such as the NASA SUITS Program.

Firefly and Serenity
Steven Swanson is a Browncoat, or fan of Joss Whedon's Serenity and Firefly. He added copies of the movie and box set of the TV series to the ISS Movie Library on STS-117 in June 2007.

References

External links
 Steve Swanson Website
 NASA biography
 Russian Federal Space Agency ISS Crews biography
 Spacefacts biography of Steven Swanson

Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:American astronauts
Category:American computer scientists
Category:University of Colorado alumni
Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni
Category:Texas A&M University alumni
Category:People from Syracuse, New York
Category:Commanders of the International Space Station
Category:Engineers from New York (state)
Category:Space Shuttle program astronauts


Citron kinase

Citron Rho-interacting kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CIT gene.

Structure
Citron is a 183 kDa protein that contains a C6H2 zinc finger, a PH domain, and a long coiled-coil forming region including 4 leucine zippers and a rho / rac binding site. It was discovered as a rho/rac effector in 1995, interacting only with the GTP bound forms of rho and rac 1. Displaying a distinctive protein organization, this protein defines a separate class of rho partners. Using a cloning approach based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a splice variant of citron, citron kinase (citron-K) has been identified with an alternative amino terminus. This N-terminal extension contains a protein kinase domain that has approximately 50% sequence identity to the sequences of ROCK, ROK, myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (MDPK) and the CDC42 effector known as MRCK or GEK. Citron kinase, which resembles the ROCK family of kinases and by comparison to it, is therefore a multiple domain protein containing an N-terminal kinase domain, an internal coiled-coil (CC) domain with Rho/Rac interacting site, and a C-terminal region consisting of a Zn finger, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a Citron homology domain (CNH), a putative SH3 binding domain, and a PDZ-targeting motif. Its fly (Drosophila) ortholog is called Sticky. the importance of different domains of citron-K in its localization at different stages is discussed below.

Tissue distribution, localization and dynamics

Investigating the tissue distribution of the citron isoforms with and without the kinase domain, it has been shown that the non-kinase form is restricted to the brain region while the kinase form is widely expressed. Immunofluorescence analyses determined the localization of citron-K and its behavior during cytokinesis. Citron-K first appeared at the equatorial cortex in anaphase, concentrated at the cleavage furrow in early telophase, accumulated in the middle of the intercellular bridge with full ingression of the cleavage furrow in mid telophase, and formed a ring-like structure in the midbody in late telophase, with negligible turnover rate at the midbody. In other words, the protein is much less dynamic at the midbody. Using a series of deletions, it was observed that distinct regions of Citron-K CC (coiled- coil) domain differentially regulate the localizations of Citron-K during cytokinesis.  The C terminal part of the CC domain localized at the cleavage furrow and the midbody while the N-terminal part of the CC domain localized at the central spindle in early telophase and on outer region of the midbody in late telophase.

Function

As previously mentioned, citron-K was believed to act in cytokinesis. Its depletion impairs maintenance of the midbody and its overexpression in HeLa cells rendered host cells multinucleated. Cytokinesis failure of Citron-K-depleted cells occurred after full ingression of the cleavage furrow, at the abscission stage. Microtubule disassembly was not seen in any of Citron-K depleted cells with cytokinesis failure. The dominant mode of failure was the inability of daughter cells, which are connected with a shorter intercellular bridge, to separate well.  As the midbody microtubules were displaced from the center toward either of the two daughter cells, the two cells fused again with the microtubules absorbed into that daughter cell. To sum the process, Citron-K is important to keep proper structure of the midbody which holds the intercellular bridge microtubules between the two daughter cells and is thus required for successful transition from constriction to abscission.
In molecular terms, citron-K depletion impaired the accumulation of 3 key proteins: Rho, Anillin and septins (specifically septin 6 and 7) in the intercellular bridge in mid–late telophase, which in previous stages early to mid-telophase was found to co-localize with them.

Interactions

CIT (gene) has been shown to interact with RHOB and RHOA.

Citron-K or its fly orthologue Sticky has been suggested to interact with several molecules in cytokinesis such as Kinesin-3 (KIF14), actin, myosin light chain, and anillin.

KIF14

The N- terminal of the coiled- coil domain of Citron-K directly interacts with the 2nd coiled-coil domain of KIF14. The localization of KIF14 and citron kinase to the central spindle and midbody is codependent, and they form a complex depending on the activation state of citron kinase. This suggests that the regulation of the interaction between KIF14 and Citron-K is important for Citron-K localization to exert its function but this interaction alone cannot accomplish cytokinesis fully.

ASPM

ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) is localized to the spindle pole, and is essential for maintaining proliferative cell division. It has been reported that ASPM also localizes to the midbody ring in mammalian cells. This was due to the observed differential localization of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of ASPM within mitotic cells to either spindle poles or to midbodies, respectively. Since, ASPM co-localizes with Citron-K at the midbody ring in HeLa cells and in developing neocortex, it has been proposed that ASPM may function to coordinate spindle rotation with localization of abscission through interaction with Citron-K.

Actomyosin filaments

In many organisms, the force that drives furrow ingression is the assembly and contraction of actomyosin filaments that often form a contractile ring. The contractile ring is a very dynamic structure in which actomyosin filaments are continuously assembled and disassembled. The small GTPase RhoA has been shown to be implicated, controlling CR assembly and dynamics during cytokinesis. This GTPase cycles between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form, and this RhoA flux seems important for contractile ring dynamics. In drosophila, Sti (Sticky, ortholog of Citron-K) localizes to the cleavage furrow via association of a predicted coiled-coil region with actin and myosin. However, Sti depletion perturbs RhoA localization and causes excessive accumulation of phosphorylated MRLC (myosin regulatory light chain) at the cleavage site in late cytokinesis. Sti is believed to maintain correct RhoA localization at the cleavage site, which is in turn important for proper contractile ring organization at the end of cytokinesis.

Anillin

The scaffold protein anillin is one of the most crucial partners of RhoA during cytokinesis and plays a fundamental role in the assembly and stabilization of the contractile ring by interacting with RhoA, septins, F-actin, myosin II, and mDia2 and it has been shown that its depletion results in cleavage furrow instability. Citron-K is capable of physically and functionally interacting with the actin-binding protein anillin. Like active RhoA, anillin is also displaced from the midbody in Citron-K-depleted cells. The overexpression of Citron-K and of anillin leads to abscission delay. These results stress that Citron-K is a crucial abscission regulator that may promote midbody stability through active RhoA and anillin.

Clinical implications

Citron-K is expressed during neurogenesis and play important roles in neuronal progenitor cell division. Recessive mutations in Citron-K cause severe microcephaly both in rats and mice. In humans and rodents, loss of Citron-K expression results in defects in neurogenic cytokinesis. Similarly in Drosophila, RNAi knockdown of Citron-K results in a failure of cellular abscission. CIT is associated with microlissencephaly.

References

External links

Further reading

Category:Biology of bipolar disorder
Category:EC 2.7.11


Index Theologicus

The Index Theologicus (IxTheo) is an international scientific open access bibliography for theology and religious studies.

It covers scientifically relevant information from the Middle Ages to the present day. Publishers are the University Library of Tübingen, the Faculty of Protestant Theology and the Faculty of Roman-Catholic Theology, University of Tübingen.

History
Its predecessor, the Zeitschrifteninhaltsdienst Theologie ("Theology Journals Content Service") or ZID, was started in 1975. This was a current content service which reprinted the table of contents of the main theology journals; monthly ZID issues included an index of authors, Biblical references and persons, which were later combined in an annual and a five-year index.

In 1994-1995, the ZID was converted into a database using allegro-C (a library software developed by the Library of the University of Braunschweig); the bibliographic data extracted from the journals was now stored electronically before it was published in the ZID issues, and the data which had been published in the prior ZID issues was retrospectively catalogued. In addition to subject indexing with standardized index terms, a faceted classification with 130 classes was introduced at that time.

The database itself was made available to the public in German first on floppy disks, later on CD-ROM. Starting in 2001, the subject headings and the user interface were also translated into English.

At the end of 2000, the ZID ceased the publication of its print version. The name of the database was changed to Index Theologicus in 2002, when the publishing house Mohr Siebeck started managing its distribution. Since 2007, the database is only available online and free of charge.

Features
As of March 2019, IxTheo comprised about 2 million records on theological literature (including monographs and articles), and about 15,000 records are added each year.. Subject headings and search capabilities are provided in 9 languages: English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Russian and Chinese. A special search capability for specific Bible passages using standard abbreviations is also available.

The faceted classification (named "IxTheo classification") now comprises 139 classes divided into 13 main groups.

Since 2013, IxTheo uses the database of the regional cataloguing network "Südwestdeutscher Bibliotheksverbund" (SWB, in south-western Germany), which is shared i.a. by the theological faculties of Tübingen, Heidelberg and Freiburg. The data from the former allegro-c database (over 500,000 records) was migrated into the SWB catalog in 2016.

IxTheo is implemented as a faceted Discovery System built on the VuFind library search engine. A growing number of journals are processed using semi-automated production procedures with software such as Imageware and Zotero.

Services
In addition to the standard search capabilities for theological literature (including articles, monographs, databases, reviews and internet links), IxTheo offers the following services:
 Hosting of open access publications through Open Journal Systems.
 Digital repository for article reprints.
 Patron-driven acquisition.
 Personalized search queries.

Partnerships
IxTheo has partnerships with a number of libraries, bibliographic tools and publishing houses:
 The Faculty of Catholic Theology at the University of Innsbruck and its bibliographic tools BILDI (Biblical studies), KALDI (Canon law) and MIMESIS (on René Girard's mimetic theory).
 The Institute of Canon Law ("Institut für kanonisches Recht", IKR) at the University of Münster and its database DaKaR.
 The Augustine Research Center ("Zentrum für Augustinusforschung") at the University of Würzburg.
 The publishing houses Walter de Gruyter and Brill Publishers provide the metadata of their journals to IxTheo for cataloguing purposes.
 The publishing house Mohr Siebeck cooperates with IxTheo to facilitate searches in their publications.

References

Category:Bibliographic databases and indexes
Category:Theology studies
Category:University of Tübingen

External links


Bolesławice

Bolesławice may refer to the following places in Poland:
Bolesławice, Bolesławiec County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Bolesławice, Świdnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Bolesławice, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Bolesławice, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)


Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae in the order Bacillales. Under the microscope, they appear spherical (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobic organisms (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically).

The name was coined in 1880 by Scottish surgeon and bacteriologist Alexander Ogston (1844-1929), following the pattern established five years earlier with the naming of Streptococcus. It combines the prefix "staphylo-" (from ), and suffixed by the Modern  (from ).

Staphylococcus includes at least 40 species. Of these, nine have two subspecies, one has three subspecies, and one has four subspecies. Most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Staphylococcus has been found to be a nectar-inhabiting microbe. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy is based on 16s rRNA sequences, and most of the staphylococcal species fall into 11 clusters:

S. aureus group – S. argenteus, S. aureus, S. schweitzeri, S. simiae
S. auricularis group – S. auricularis
S. carnosus group – S. carnosus, S. condimenti, S. debuckii, S. massiliensis, S. piscifermentans, S. simulans
S. epidermidis group – S. capitis, S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. saccharolyticus
S. haemolyticus group – S. devriesei, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis
S. hyicus-intermedius group – S. agnetis, S. chromogenes, S. cornubiensis, S. felis, S. delphini, S. hyicus, S. intermedius, S. lutrae, S. microti, S. muscae, S. pseudintermedius, S. rostri, S. schleiferi
S. lugdunensis group – S. lugdunensis
S. saprophyticus group – S. arlettae, S. caeli, S. cohnii, S. equorum, S. gallinarum, S. kloosii, S. leei, S. nepalensis, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, S. xylosus
S. sciuri group – S. fleurettii, S. lentus, S. sciuri, S. stepanovicii, S. vitulinus
S. simulans group – S. simulans
S. warneri group – S. pasteuri, S. warneri

A 12th group – that of S. caseolyticus – has now been removed to a new genus, Macrococcus, the species of which are currently the closest known relatives of Staphylococcus.

Two species were described in 2015 - Staphylococcus argenteus and Staphylococcus schweitzeri - both of which were previously considered variants of S. aureus.

A new coagulase negative species - Staphylococcus edaphicus - has been isolated from Antarctica.  This species is probably a member of the S. saprophyticus group.

Subspecies

S. aureus subsp. aureus
S. aureus subsp. anaerobius

S. capitis subsp. capitis
S. capitis subsp. urealyticus

S. carnosus subsp. carnosus
S. carnosus subsp. utilis

S. cohnii subsp. cohnii
S. cohnii subsp. urealyticus

S. equorum subsp. equorum
S. equorum subsp. linens

S. hominis subsp. hominis
S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus

S petrasii subsp. croceilyticus
S petrasii subsp. jettensis
S petrasii subsp. petrasii
S petrasii subsp. pragensis

S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis
S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus

S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans
S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi

S. sciuri subsp. carnaticus
S. sciuri subsp. rodentium
S. sciuri subsp. sciuri

S. succinus subsp. casei
S. succinus subsp. succinus

Groups

Based on an analysis of orthologous gene content three groups (A, B and C) have been proposed.

Group A includes S. aureus, S. capitis, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. lugdunensis, S. pettenkoferi, S. simiae and  S. warneri.

Group B includes S. arlettae, S. cohnii, S. equorum, S. saprophyticus and S. xylosus.

Group C includes S. delphini, S. intermedius and S. pseudintermedius.

Notes

The S. saprophyticus and S. sciuri groups are generally novobiocin-resistant, as is S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus.

Members of the S. sciuri group are oxidase-positive due to their possession of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. This group is the only clade within the staphylococci to possess this gene.

The S. sciuri group appears to be the closest relations to the genus Macrococcus.

S. pulvereri has been shown to be a junior synonym of S. vitulinus.

Within these clades, the S. haemolyticus and S. simulans groups appear to be related, as do the S. aureus and S. epidermidis groups.

S. lugdunensis appears to be related to the S. haemolyticus group.

S. petrasii may be related to S. haemolyticus, but this needs to be confirmed.

The taxonomic position of  S. lyticans, S. pettenkoferi, S. petrasii, and S. pseudolugdunensis has yet to be clarified. The published descriptions of these species do not appear to have been validly published.

Biochemical identification

Assignment of a strain to the genus Staphylococcus requires it to be a Gram-positive coccus that forms clusters, has an appropriate cell wall structure (including peptidoglycan type and teichoic acid presence) and G + C content of DNA in a range of 30–40 mol%.

Staphylococcus species can be differentiated from other aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive cocci by several simple tests. Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically).  All species grow in the presence of bile salts.

All species of Staphylococcus aureus were once thought to be coagulase-positive, but this has since been disproven.

Growth can also occur in a 6.5% NaCl solution. On Baird Parker medium, Staphylococcus species grow fermentatively, except for S. saprophyticus, which grows oxidatively. Staphylococcus species are resistant to bacitracin (0.04 U disc: resistance = < 10 mm zone of inhibition) and susceptible to furazolidone (100 μg disc: resistance = < 15 mm zone of inhibition). Further biochemical testing is needed to identify to the species level.

When these bacteria divide, they do so along two axes, so form clumps of bacteria. This is as opposed to streptococci, which divide along one axis, so form chains (strep meaning twisted or pliant).

Coagulase production

One of the most important phenotypical features used in the classification of staphylococci is their ability to produce coagulase, an enzyme that causes blood clot formation.

Seven species are currently recognised as being coagulase-positive: S. aureus, S. delphini, S. hyicus, S. intermedius, S. lutrae, S. pseudintermedius, and S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. These species belong to two separate groups – the S. aureus (S. aureus alone) group and the S. hyicus-intermedius group (the remaining five).

An eighth species has also been described – Staphylococcus leei – from patients with gastritis.

S. aureus is coagulase-positive, meaning it produces coagulase. However, while the majority of S. aureus strains are coagulase-positive, some may be atypical in that they do not produce coagulase. S. aureus is catalase-positive (meaning that it can produce the enzyme catalase) and able to convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen, which makes the catalase test useful to distinguish staphylococci from enterococci and streptococci.

S. pseudintermedius inhabits and sometimes infects the skin of domestic dogs and cats. This organism, too, can carry the genetic material that imparts multiple bacterial resistance. It is rarely implicated in infections in humans, as a zoonosis.

S. epidermidis, a coagulase-negative species, is a commensal of the skin, but can cause severe infections in immunosuppressed patients and those with central venous catheters.
S. saprophyticus, another coagulase-negative species that is part of the normal vaginal flora, is predominantly implicated in genitourinary tract infections in sexually active young women.
In recent years, several other Staphylococcus species have been implicated in human infections, notably S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, and S. caprae.

Common abbreviations for coagulase-negative staphylococci are CoNS, CNS, or CNST. The American Society for Microbiology abbreviates coagulase-negative staphylococci as "CoNS".

Genomics and molecular biology

The first S. aureus genomes to be sequenced were those of N315 and Mu50, in 2001. Many more complete S. aureus genomes have been submitted to the public databases, making it one of the most extensively sequenced bacteria. The use of genomic data is now widespread and provides a valuable resource for researchers working with S. aureus. Whole genome technologies, such as sequencing projects and microarrays, have shown an enormous variety of S. aureus strains. Each contains different combinations of surface proteins and different toxins. Relating this information to pathogenic behaviour is one of the major areas of staphylococcal research. The development of molecular typing methods has enabled the tracking of different strains of S. aureus. This may lead to better control of outbreak strains. A greater understanding of how the staphylococci evolve, especially due to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding resistance and virulence genes is helping to identify new outbreak strains and may even prevent their emergence.

The widespread incidence of antibiotic resistance across various strains of S. aureus, or across different species of Staphylococcus has been attributed to horizontal gene transfer of genes encoding antibiotic/metal resistance and virulence. A recent study demonstrated the extent of horizontal gene transfer among Staphylococcus to be much greater than previously expected, and encompasses genes with functions beyond antibiotic resistance and virulence, and beyond genes residing within the mobile genetic elements.

Various strains of Staphylococcus are available from biological research centres, such as the National Collection of Type Cultures.

Host range

Members of the genus Staphylococcus frequently colonize the skin and upper respiratory tracts of mammals and birds. Some species specificity has been observed in host range, such that the Staphylococcus species observed on some animals appear more rarely on more distantly related host species.
Some of the observed host specificity includes:

S. arlattae – chickens, goats
S. aureus - humans
S. auricularis – deer, dogs, humans
S. capitis – humans
S. caprae – goats, humans
S. cohnii – chickens, humans
S. delphini – dolphins
S. devriesei – cattle
S. epidermidis – humans
S. equorum – horses
S. felis – cats
S. fleurettii – goats
S. gallinarum – chickens, goats, pheasants
S. haemolyticus – humans, Cercocebus, Erythrocebus, Lemur, Macca, Microcebus, Pan
S. hyicus – pigs
S. leei – humans
S. lentus – goats, rabbits, sheep
S. lugdunensis – humans, goats
S. lutrae – otters
S. microti – voles (Microtus arvalis)
S. nepalensis – goats
S. pasteuri – humans, goats
S. pettenkoferi – humans
S. pseudintermedius – dogs
S. rostri – pigs
S. schleiferi – humans
S. sciuri – humans, dogs, goats
S. simiae – South American squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)
S. simulans – humans
S. warneri – humans, Cercopithecoidea, Pongidae
S. xylosus – humans

Clinical

Staphylococcus can cause a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals through either toxin production or penetration. Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning, for they can be produced by bacteria growing in improperly stored food items. The most common sialadenitis is caused by staphylococci, as bacterial infections.

See also
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

References

External links

 Staphylococcus genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID

Category:Staphylococcaceae

Category:Gram-positive bacteria
Category:Bacteria genera
Category:Pathogenic bacteria


New Hope, Florida

New Hope is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Florida, United States.  It is located on State Road 79.

Geography
New Hope is located at .

Images

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Washington County, Florida
Category:Unincorporated communities in Florida


Thakur Ram Singh (revolutionary)

Thakur Ram Singh (1911–2009) was an Indian Communist revolutionary and associate of Bhagat Singh. He started his political life as an Indian National Congress activist but was attracted towards the ideals of Bhagat Singh and his Hindustan Socialist Republican Army. Thakur Ram singh was sentenced to life imprisonment in Andaman Nicobar's Cellular Jail for his role in the Dogra shooting case of Ajmer. Inside the jail he formed a 'Communist Bloc', and later on after his release from the Andamans he joined the Communist Party of India. During the days of the Sino-Indian War he supported the split in the communist movement and was the founding member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) Uttar Pradesh Committee.

References

Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Uttar Pradesh
Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Uttar Pradesh
Category:1911 births
Category:2009 deaths


Constantine Seferlis

Constantine L. Seferlis (1930–2005) is acknowledged as a master sculptor and stone carver whose works exemplified a group of public monumental artists in the United States during the second half of the 20th century.  Many of these stone masters were immigrants, primarily from southern Europe, including Italy and Greece, and they trained and worked in the classical milieu. Seferlis himself was born near Sparta, Greece, and, because of his precocious talent, was enrolled at an early age in the National Academy of Fine Arts in Athens.  It was at the National Academy that Seferlis developed his artistic voice, his naturalistic style, and his love for the medium of stone.

Seferlis immigrated to the Washington, D.C., area in the latter part of the 1950s.  His talent, grace, and humor were already evident in the sculptures he carved at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, his first job in the United States.  Two years later, his art truly began to blossom and mature as he started work on the National Cathedral.

Over the next two decades, he worked on the Cathedral’s various ongoing interior and exterior construction projects.  The National Cathedral was declared completed in 1990, almost nine decades after the cornerstone was laid, though restoration, elaboration, and intense maintenance continue to the present day.  Seferlis’ contributions to the Cathedral take the form of limestone gargoyles, grotesques, capitals, pinnacles, saints, angels, keystones, bosses, column capitals, and freestanding figural sculptures of historical personages such as Helen Keller and Pope John XXIII.

In addition to the Shrine and the Cathedral, Seferlis enthusiastically undertook a number of high-profile restoration projects on both public and private buildings.  He carved elaborate capitals used in restoring the Corinthian columns of the east front of the U.S. Capitol building.  Under the auspices of the National Park Service, he worked on restoring or replacing a number of the almost 200 historical commemorative stones that line the granite interior of the Washington Monument.  For the Smithsonian Institution, Seferlis worked on renovating the façade of the emblematic Smithsonian Castle; carved exterior gates and finials; and restored the statue of St. Dunstan donated to the Institution by Westminster Abbey.

He also restored and renovated a number of famous fountains in the Washington, D.C., area, including the Dupont Circle fountain and the swan fountain in the French parterre at Hillwood Museum and Gardens (the Washington residence of Marjorie Merriweather Post).

Seferlis mounted several major exhibitions at prestigious venues, including the National Academy of Design and National Sculpture Society in New York. As a result of his highly regarded figural and ornamental sculptures, he was awarded a number of sought-after prizes in recognition of his artistic contributions. In 1971, he was inducted into the National Sculpture Society, followed by membership in the National Academy of Design in 1974.

Seferlis’ works, along with those of his colleagues, were highlighted for a wider audience in the documentary, “The Stone Carvers” (1984). This half-hour-long film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary, Short Subjects in 1985 for filmmakers Marjorie Hunt and Paul Wagner. After being broadcast on public television, the short also won an Emmy.

Despite being continuously occupied with projects around the country and in his suburban Maryland studio, Seferlis managed to find the time and patience to guide aspiring artists and to mentor young talents. Many famous (and unsung) stone carvers working today at preserving and advancing the craft readily acknowledge his influence. He also reached out to the public to make them aware of the importance of stone carving and the arts in general by teaching at a number of museums, academic institutions, and continuing education programs in Washington, DC, Maryland, and Virginia. Among his many students was his own son Andy.  Mr. Seferlis died in March 2005.

References

External links
 Seferlis' profile at the Stone Carvers Guild website.

Category:1930 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:American architectural sculptors
Category:American male sculptors
Category:People from Laconia
Category:Greek emigrants to the United States
Category:Artists from Washington, D.C.
Category:National Academy of Design members
Category:20th-century American sculptors


Talat Tunçalp

Talat Tunçalp (1 October 1915 – 1 January 2017) was a Turkish cyclist. He was born in Istanbul, Turkey in the mid-to-late 1910s, though his birth year was variously reported as 1915, 1917, and 1919. He took up cycling and won his first sprint race in 1932. From 1933 through 1949, he was the Turkish National Champion in the road race 16 times and the sprint 15 times. He attended the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, finishing joint eighth in the individual road race with his country failing to medal in the team version. He also participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics, but did not finish the individual race.

After retiring from active competition in 1949 he became president of the Turkish Cycling Federation in 1950 and held that position through 1968, the same year that he helped found what would become the Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey. Upon the death of Halet Çambel on 14 January 2014, it was noted that Tunçalp was the oldest surviving Turkish Olympian. He died on 1 January 2017 at the age of 101. Tunçalp was interred at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery following the religious funeral service held at Şişli Mosque.

References

Category:1915 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Category:Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic cyclists of Turkey
Category:Sportspeople from Istanbul
Category:Turkish centenarians
Category:Turkish male cyclists
Category:Turkish referees and umpires
Category:Burials at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery


Trout Lake Township

Trout Lake Township may refer to:

 Trout Lake Township, Chippewa County, Michigan
 Trout Lake Township, Itasca County, Minnesota

Category:Township name disambiguation pages


Fieber (Oomph! song)

"Fieber" (German for "fever") is the second single from German industrial metal group Oomph! from their album Plastik. It features Nina Hagen in the song as well as in the video.

Music video
The music video directed by Wolf Gresenz features both the band and Nina Hagen. Both Dero and the female singer act as alternate ego of a woman and man who seems to be attracted by her.

Track listing
Fieber (Single version)
Fieber (Remixed by Oliver Belte)
Fieber (Remixed by Oomph!)
Fieber (Remixed by Steve Naghavi)
Unsere Rettung (live)
Gekreuzigt (live)

External links

Category:Oomph! songs
Category:Nina Hagen songs
Category:1999 singles
Category:1999 songs
Category:Songs written by Dero Goi


Héctor Feliciano

Hector Feliciano (born 1952) is a Puerto Rican journalist and author whose book  "The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art" has shed light on an estimated 20,000 works of art plundered by the Nazis; each one is owned by a museum or a collector somewhere.

Early years
Feliciano was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of Puerto Rican parents (Héctor and Nereida), while his father was concluding his MD residency. He was raised in San Juan, the capital city of Puerto Rico where he received his primary and secondary education, graduating from Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola. During the early part of his youth he became interested in studying art and culture, however his family expected him to follow his father's footsteps and study medicine.

Feliciano moved to Waltham, Massachusetts, and attended Brandeis University, earning in 1974 his bachelor's degree in History and Art History. Feliciano earned his Masters in the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He then went to Paris and earned a doctorate in literature at the University of Paris while working for the city of Paris cultural affairs bureau.

He began his career as a cultural writer for the Paris bureau of the Washington Post. In 1988, Feliciano was working on an article for the Paris bureau of the Los Angeles Times about a stolen Murillo painting that had been bought by the Louvre, when someone mentioned that 20 percent of the looted art during World War II is still missing. During the process of his reporting he realized that no one had ever asked the looted families about the situation.

Nazi art looting

During the Third Reich, agents acting on behalf of the ruling Nazi Party of Germany organized the spoliation of art of European countries. The Nazis confiscated artworks from prominent Jewish collectors and from dealers whose galleries were  taken over. Ordinary people, too, lost their art treasures when they left them behind in their homes, as they fled or were sent to Nazi concentration camps. The plundering occurred from 1933 until the end of World War II, although most of the plundered art was acquired during the war. Many of these items were recovered by the Allies immediately following the war, however many more are still missing.

The Lost Museum
Informed by the original research of Lynn H. Nicholas, author of the ground-breaking book, The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and World War II, Feliciano did additional research on the issue for his book in 1989, using – in addition to Nicholas' work – material from German looting inventories, documents that had been declassified and more than 200 interviews with art dealers, art historians and the surviving relatives of the families who were victimized.  At first, Feliciano believed that the families involved would be hesitant to cooperate in his investigation, however the five families whose stories would be the core of the book, the Rothschilds, the Rosenbergs, the Bernheim-Jeunes, the David-Weills and the Schlosses trusted him with their records and their memories and other families welcomed him.

The French government ministries and museums refused to let Feliciano see their records and kept stalling until he was finally permitted to gain access through information requests lodged by the victims' families.  Feliciano also had the help of someone from the Ministry of Culture who secretly provided him with documents sent from the Ministry of Culture to the Ministry of Justice which proved that the French museums mingled looted works with their collections.  Feliciano had befriended a 92-year-old art dealer by the name of Alfred Daber who remembered all the wartime gossip in regard to the dealings that went on with the looted art.  During his investigations Feliciano went to Washington, D.C. to work in the United States National Archives and discovered that Daber himself had been dealing in looted art.

In 1997, Feliciano published his book: The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art. Feliciano tried to publish his book in the United States and was turned down by at least 30 publishers. He then went to a publishing house in France, where it was picked up almost immediately.  In his book he traces the art works looted as they passed through the hands of top German officials, unscrupulous art dealers, and unwitting auction houses such as Christie's and Sotheby's.  He also revealed that the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris was amongst the institutions in France and Switzerland that held works that had been seized from Jewish victims during the war by the Germans (these works are now referred to as Musées Nationaux Récupération or MNRs).

Feliciano exposed the code utilized by the museum to keep track of the provenance of the works in the collection: "R" referred for "recuperation" and the number following it signified the order in which the work arrived at the museum.  Feliciano charged the museum's curators with having "made no huge effort" to find the rightful owners for "thousands of unclaimed works".

The book, which was first published in French, has since been translated into several other languages. After the book's successful European publication HarperCollins, a U.S. publishing house that had initially turned it down (amongst 30 others), bought the U.S. publication rights. The book points out also the role of Switzerland, whose legislation is very favourable to dishonest dealers and Russia, which categorically refuses to give back the stolen works of art found in Germany at the end of WW2 to their legitimate owners.

Aftermath

The French government had to increase efforts to find original owners (or their heirs) of the nearly 2,000 looted works of arts stolen by Nazi Germany. A Matisse painting titled "Oriental Woman Seated on Floor," was identified in the Seattle Art Museum as a piece that belonged to the heirs of Paul Rosenberg by someone who read the book. The Rosenberg family then laid claim to the painting. The "Paysage" (pictured), a 1911 Cubist landscape by Albert Gleizes at the Pompidou Center was identified by Hector Feliciano as having been looted by the Nazis from the home of collector Alphonse Kann during World War II. It was returned to the heirs of Alphonse Kann.

Families whose art collections were plundered by the Nazis are reclaiming prized paintings that have been found hanging in museums around the world. Auction houses have also stopped sales of works because their postwar sellers may have been thieves.

Neither Switzerland or Russia did anything in favour of the legitimate owners or their heirs.

Litigation
In 1999, a French court rejected a claim for $1 million in damages brought by the Wildenstein family against Feliciano, who suggested in his book that the French-Jewish family did business with Nazi officials during Germany's wartime occupation of France. In the book Feliciano claims that the powerful dealer and collector did business with Nazi art dealers before the war and for months after France's occupation by Germany in June 1940. He also said that after Wildenstein went into exile in New York in January 1941, he maintained contacts with a former employee, Roger Duquoy, who ran the Paris gallery until 1944. The three-judge lower court stated the following in reaching their decision:

The family of the Parisian art dealer Paul Rosenberg recovered paintings by Matisse, Monet, Léger and Bonnard. In 2001, Feliciano sued the Rosenberg family alleging that Mrs. Rosenberg, the widow of Mr. Rosenberg's son, Alexandre had made an oral contract with him promising that she would compensate him for tracking down paintings that were returned to the family in recent years. Feliciano was asking a 17.5 percent of the estimated $39 million value of the paintings as a finders fee, however Mrs. Rosenberg denied she had an oral contract with Feliciano and said he had not been responsible for recovering the paintings. The case was dismissed by Justice Charles E. Ramos, a  State Supreme Court justice in Manhattan in February 2003.

Later years

During the 1998-99 academic year, as part of the National Arts Journalism Program, Feliciano was one of fourteen journalists selected for a Journalism Fellowship by Columbia University, in which he specialized in arts and culture. He continued to live in Paris and was the editor in chief of World Media Network, a newspaper syndicate serving 23 European newspapers. Feliciano worked as the director of the Ministry of Culture and the "Club des Poètes" in Paris before moving to New York City where he writes for El Pais and Clarin.

Feliciano is a Fellow of the New York Institute for the Humanities at New York University, and has served on the Panel of Experts of the Presidential Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States. He is the organizer of the First International Symposium on Cultural Property and Patrimony (Columbia University, 1999) and of a panel discussion entitled "The Art of the Enemy" (School of Visual Arts in New York City, 2002). Feliciano is currently teaching an honors seminar on religious art at New York University.

In popular culture
The character known as Hector Hurtado seen in the French thriller L'Antiquaire is said to have been loosely based upon Hector Felciano.

See also

 List of Puerto Rican writers
List of Puerto Ricans
 Puerto Rican literature
Nazi plunder
Looted art

References

Further reading
The Lost Museum by Hector Feliciano. Published by Basic Books (Harper Collins Publishers), 1997, .

Category:1952 births
Category:Living people
Category:Puerto Rican journalists
Category:People from San Juan, Puerto Rico


Šárka Kašpárková

Šárka Kašpárková (, born 20 May 1971 in Karviná, Czechoslovakia) is a former Czech track and field athlete who specialised in the triple jump.

She attended her first Summer Olympics in 1992, participating in the high jump. She switched to the triple jump when it was given world championships status and won an Olympic bronze medal in the discipline at the 1996 Atlanta Games. She won another bronze at the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships and improved further by becoming the world champion at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics – her winning jump of 15.20 m was the second-farthest ever at the time.

She won both the indoor and outdoor silver medals at the European Athletics Championships. She won the bronze at the 1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships with her personal best indoor jump of 14.87 m, but failed to reach the podium at any major championships after that point, suffering a sharp decline in form.

Career

Early career
At 1.86 metres tall, Kašpárková started her professional athletics career as a high jumper and finished sixth at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics. She won the bronze medal in the 1989 European Athletics Junior Championships, and she went on to participate in the women's high jump at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics for Czechoslovakia. Her last period as a high jumper also brought her best performance – she jumped a personal best of 1.95 m in Banská Bystrica in early 1993.

When the female triple jump was introduced to the IAAF competitions, she moved to this discipline as one of the first competitors. She represented Europe in the triple jump at the 1992 IAAF World Cup, finishing in fifth place. She took part in the very first world championship event at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics and finished in seventh with a personal best jump of 14.16 m. She failed to break 14 metres the following year at the 1994 European Championships and had to settle for sixth place. She came close to the medals the following season with a fourth-place performance at the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships. She reverted to being out of medal contention at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics and 1995 IAAF Grand Prix Final.

Olympic and world medals
She became the triple jump champion at the 1995 Summer Universiade. She won her first major medals soon after, taking the silver at the 1996 European Indoor Athletics Championships and winning her first Olympic medal for the Czech Republic with a bronze in the triple jump at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She confirmed her ability in the 1997 season, first winning a bronze at the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and then winning the World Championships with a national record jump of 15.20 m – this was the best jump that season and it made her the second best athlete in the event after Inessa Kravets at the time. A silver medal at the 1997 IAAF Grand Prix Final brought an end to a successful season.

She won a second European indoor silver at the 1998 Championships, finishing behind Ashia Hansen who jumped 15.16 m, and went on to take another silver later that season at the European Championships outdoors. She retained her indoor bronze at the 1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships with a personal best indoor jump of 14.87 m in Maebashi. She failed to retain her world title, however, at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics and could only manage 14.54 m for sixth place.

Decline
Kašpárková suffered a marked decline after 1999 and she never jumped beyond 14.40 m after that point. Her mark of 14.34 m was enough to qualify for 2000 Olympic triple jump final, but she faulted three times and finished last. She took part in the 2003 World Championships in Athletics, 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships and 2004 Summer Olympics, but each time she did not manage to jump more than 14 metres and was eliminated in the qualifiers.

She had a reversal of fortunes at the 2005 European Indoor Athletics Championships and took fourth place with a season's best of 14.34 m. She did not continue this form outdoors, however, and did not make the final at either the 2005 World Championships in Athletics or 2006 European Athletics Championships.

Personal life
Kašpárková is in a relationship with her former coach Michal Pogány. Together they have a daughter, Tereza.

Personal bests
She also competed in the 100 metres hurdles and long jump on limited occasions.

Source:

Competition record

Source:

References

External links

 Kašpárková's bio on Infocentrum českých sportovců

Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Karviná
Category:Czech female high jumpers
Category:Czech female triple jumpers
Category:Olympic athletes of Czechoslovakia
Category:Olympic athletes of the Czech Republic
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for the Czech Republic
Category:Masaryk University alumni
Category:World Athletics Championships medalists
Category:European Athletics Championships medalists
Category:Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
Category:Universiade gold medalists for the Czech Republic
Category:Universiade silver medalists for the Czech Republic


Indecent Obsession

Indecent Obsession (also seen as Obsession) were an Australian pop rock band formed early in 1987 in Brisbane with founding mainstays Daryl Sims on drums and Michael Szumowski on keyboards. By 1988 the line-up also included Andrew Coyne on lead guitar and David Dixon on lead vocals. They released three studio albums, Spoken Words (November 1989) and Indio (August 1992), both reached the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart. In 1990 Spoken Words was repackaged for United States market as Indecent Obsession, which reached the Billboard 200. In May 1989 they issued their debut single, "Say Goodbye", which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Singles Chart – their highest position in Australia. Their second single, "Tell Me Something" (September), reached No. 17 nationally. When issued in the US it peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100. It reached No. 1 in Indonesia and Hong Kong, and Top 10 in Japan and South Africa. For the Asian market the band used the shortened name, Obsession. In 1992 they were the first Western act to tour South Africa after the lifting of the cultural isolation during the apartheid era. They were "greeted by screaming fans and scenes of mass hysteria", both their second album, Indio, and one of its singles, "Kiss Me", peaked at No. 1 on the relevant South African charts. By 1993 Sims and Szumowski were joined by Mark Gray on bass guitar, Richard Hennassey on lead vocals and Graham Kearns on lead guitar. The following year they issued another studio album, Relativity, before disbanding a year later.

History
 Formation and debut album (1987-1992)
Indecent Obsession were formed early in 1987 in Brisbane by David Dixon on lead vocals and Mick Szumowski on keyboards. The band's name refers to Colleen McCullough's 1981 novel, An Indecent Obsession and the related 1984 feature film of the same name. Dixon and Szumowski had met through their voice teacher. In 1988 Daryl Sims joined on drums and Paul O'Donnell on guitar. O'Donnell was replaced by Andrew Coyne on guitar. For a year-and-a-half they performed in the local pub rock scene and recorded demos. Sims later recalled that they were "underaged, playing in pubs in Brisbane up to Cairns, all the mining towns in between". Initially they played cover versions of material by Duran Duran, INXS, Crowded House and George Michael. They signed with Ian "Molly" Meldrum's record label, Melodian. Meldrum had hosted Countdown (1974–1987), a TV pop music show; and had contacts in the music industry including with Mushroom Records, which distributed material by Melodian's artists.

Indecent Obsession relocated to Melbourne, where they became known for their "mix of pop rock and dance-pop songs". In May 1989 the group issued their debut single, "Say Goodbye", which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Singles Chart, despite lack of support from commercial radio and remains as their highest position on Australian charts. The track had been co-written by Dixon and Szumowski with their producer, Mark S. Berry. Their second single, "Tell Me Something" (September), reached No. 17 nationally. It was co-written by Dixon and Szumowski, and produced by Ian MacKenzie (Pseudo Echo). The B-side, "Why Do People Fall in Love", was also co-written by Dixon and Szumowski, but was produced by Szumowski.

In November 1989 Indecent Obsession issued their debut album, Spoken Words, which peaked at No. 28 on the ARIA Albums Chart. The album was co-produced by Ross Inglis (Tina Arena) and Szumowski; except individual tracks by Berry, MacKenzie, Mark Forrester and Jeremy Smith. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, felt the album was "patchy, ranging from the polished synth-pop of 'Tell Me Something' to the contrived, melodramatic ballad 'Come Back to Me'". The group were marketed as a boy band and teen pop act: an image Coyne refuted, in November he told The Ages Caroline Milburn, "Say Goodbye' was not a wimpy song yet we have this pretty boy image ... our record company has pushed this teen image so radio won't play us ... I get frustrated when I'm not recognised as a musician".

"Come Back to Me" appeared as the album's third single in January 1990 which reached the top 40. Also that month they toured Australia supporting United States pop singer-songwriter, Debbie Gibson. Their fourth single, "Never Gonna Stop", peaked at No. 72 in February 1990. Early in 1990 "Tell Me Something" was picked up by US radio and peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100; without the band travelling to the US. It reached No. 1 in Indonesia, No. 1 in Hong Kong, Top 10 in Japan and Top 10 in South Africa. "Come Back to Me" was also a number-one hit in Hong Kong. For international markets Spoken Words was repackaged as Indecent Obsession, which reached No. 148 on the Billboard 200. The band supported Kylie Minogue's 1990 Enjoy Yourself Tour of Australia, Europe and East Asia, and there was an attempt to launch them in the United Kingdom on the back of the profile generated by the tour. In the Asian region Indecent Obsession performed and released material under the shortened name of Obsession.

 Indio and  Relativity and demise (1992-1996)
In late 1991, the group moved to Los Angeles where they recorded their second album, Indio with Peter Wolf (The Escape Club, Go West, Wang Chung) as producer, co-songwriter, bass guitarist and arranger. In May 1992 the album was issued by MCA Records for North American and European markets, it peaked at No. 36 on the Austrian Ö3 Top 40 albums chart. In Australia Indio appeared in August on Melodian, which reached the top 40 on the ARIA Albums Chart. McFarlane observed that it showed the group's "transition from naive pop to mature, radio-friendly dance music".

The second album's four Australian singles are "Rebel with a Cause", "Kiss Me" (March 1992, top 30), "Indio" (August, top 50) and "Gentleman Style". During 1992 the group toured Latin America, Europe and Asia-Pacific regions. Indecent Obsession became the first Western act to tour South Africa after the lifting of the cultural isolation of that nation due to their apartheid policy. McFarlane describes how the group were "greeted by screaming fans and scenes of mass hysteria". Both "Kiss Me" and Indio peaked at No. 1 on the relevant South African charts. Other singles in that market were "Rebel with a Cause", "Whispers in the Dark" and "Indio". At the start of a US tour that year Mark Gray (ex-Wa Wa Nee) joined on bass guitar. Both Coyne and Dixon left late in 1992, and according to Szumowski "David [Dixon] was getting sick of touring, he wanted to pursue something else. Andrew [Coyne] wanted to stay in LA".

The group relocated to London where Richard Hennassey (ex-Kiss Like This) replaced Dixon on lead vocals and Graham Kearns replaced Coyne on guitar for the group's third studio album, Relativity (1994). The album was produced by Ian Richardson and Nick Coler. It charted in the South Africa Top 20. "Fixing a Broken Heart" was the lead single and became popular in South-east Asia, particularly in the Philippines. Singles "Fall From Grace", "Lady Rain" and "One Bad Dream" followed. A compilation album, The Most Indecent Obsession, was issued by MCA Records in Japan, South-east Asia and South Africa in 1995. New Straits Times reviewer, Gerald Martinez, described the band's sound as "[c]ombining techno dance rhythms with power chords and tunes poppy hooks, these guys play nice sanitised pop". The group disbanded in that year.

Subsequent careers
David Dixon left Indecent Obsession in 1992 to pursue a career in acting, including the role of Joseph in the April 1993 Australian stage production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. A single released to coincide with this, "Joseph Mega Mix", peaked at No. 53 on the Australian charts in June 1993. In 1994 Dixon recorded a solo single, "Faith, Love & Understanding", which was a minor radio hit in South Africa, and peaked at No. 114 in Australia, and No. 78 in the UK. In June 1998 he acted as Marius in the Australian cast of Les Misérables, and later performed in Smokey Joe's Cafe. In addition to musical theatre, Dixon portrayed Nathan Roberts in the Australian TV soap opera, Home and Away from 1993–94. He worked on UK radio and TV as a presenter and later became a commercial helicopter pilot. He is married with children, and flew for Air Ambulance in rural New South Wales.

Michael Szumowski worked as a producer for Australian all-girl groups Cherry and Bardot; Australian Idol contestants Guy Sebastian, Shannon Noll and Kate DeAraugo; and for Disco Montego and Thirstee. Daryl Sims joined Sydney-based alternative bands Vapourware, Insurge and Primary. He joined dance outfit, The Webb, in the late 1990s, and wrote Bardot's debut single "Poison". Andrew Coyne played on US pop singer, Tommy Page's 1991 single, "Under the Rainbow", and backed Page for his US tour in 1990–91. Mark Gray was in various groups Gank, Tania Bowra Band, Greedy's on the Loose and James Reyne Band. Richard Hennassey had moved to Sydney and worked in a graphic design and advertising agency; in 2010 he appeared on the first series of Come Dine with Me Australia.

Members
 David Dixon – vocals (1987–1992)
 Michael Szumowski – keyboards (1987–1995)
 Paul O'Donnell – guitars (1988)
 Daryl Sims – drums (1988–1995)
 Andrew Coyne – guitars (1988–1992)
 Mark Gray – bass (1992–1995)
 Richard Hennassey – vocals (1993–1995)
 Graham Kearns – guitars (1993–1995)

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

Category:Australian boy bands
Category:Australian pop music groups
Category:Australian dance music groups
Category:Australian pop rock groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1987
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1995
Category:Musical groups from Brisbane
Category:Musical groups from Melbourne


Honghu, Chongqing

Honghu Town () is an urban town  in Changshou District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Administrative division
The town is divided into 14 villages, the following areas: Fenghuang Village, Biao'er Village, Yongshun Village, Puxing Village, Pingtan Village, Chengtuo Village, Tizi Village, Caoyan Village, Matou Village, Luchi Village, Heiyan Village, Sanhe Village, Wulong Village, and Changsheng Village (凤凰村、表耳村、永顺村、普兴村、坪滩村、称沱村、梯子村、草堰村、码头村、芦池村、黑岩村、三合村、五龙村、长生村).

External links

Category:Divisions of Changshou District


Kallankurichi Formation

The Kallankurichi Formation is a geological formation in India whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

See also

 List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

References

Category:Cretaceous Asia
Category:Maastrichtian Stage
Category:Mesozoic India
Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of Asia
Category:Geologic formations of India


List of state leaders in 1011

Africa
Fatimid Caliphate – Abū 'Alī al-Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (996-1021)
Ifriqiya – Badis ibn Mansur, Zirid dynasty Viceroy (995-1016)
Hammadid dynasty – Hammad ibn Buluggin (1008–1028)

Americas

Asia

Kingdom of Ani – Gagik I  (989-1020)
Byzantine Empire – Basil II Bulgaroktonus  (976-1025)
Abbasid Caliphate(Baghdad) – Al-Qadir (991-1031)
China (Northern Song dynasty) – Emperor Zhenzong (997-1022)
Ghaznavid Empire – Mahmud of Ghaznavid (998-1030)
Japan (Heian period) –
Monarch -
Emperor Ichijō (986-1011)
Emperor Sanjō (1011–1016)
de facto – Fujiwara no Michinaga (995-1017)
Khitan Empire – Shengzong (982-1031)
Khmer Empire – Suryavarman I (1001–1050)
Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) – Hyeonjong (1009–1031)
Chola Empire (Tamil Nadu) – Rajaraja Chola  (985-1014)

Europe
Bulgaria – Samuil, Tsar of Bulgaria (977–1014)
Kingdom of Burgundy – Rudolf III (993–1032)
County of Burgundy – Otto-William (982–1026)
County of Provence –
Rotbold III (1008–1014)
William II (993–1018)
County of Savoy – Humbert I (1003–1047/1048)
Byzantine Empire – Basil II the Bulgar-slayer (976–1025)
Caucasus
Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia –  Gagik I (989–1020)
Kingdom of Georgia – Bagrat III (1008–1014)
Principality of Kakheti – Kvirike III (1010–1029)
Klarjeti – Sumbat III, Prince of Klarjeti (993–1011)
Kingdom of Croatia –
Krešimir III (1000–1030)
Gojslav (1000–1020)
Kingdom of Denmark – Sweyn I (985/986–1014)
Kingdom of England – Æthelred the Unready (978–1013)
Kingdom of France – Robert II (996–1031)
County of Angoulême – William IV (988–1028)
County of Anjou – Fulk III (987–1040)
Duchy of Aquitaine – William V (995–1030)
County of Blois – Odo II (1004–1037)
Duchy of Brittany –
Alan III, co-Duke of Brittany (1008–1040)
Eudes, co-Duke of Brittany (1008–1034)
Duchy of Burgundy – Robert II (1004–1016)
County of Flanders – Baldwin IV (987–1035)
County of Maine – Hugh III (992–1015)
Duchy of Normandy – Richard II (996–1026)
County of Toulouse – William III Taillefer (978–1037)
County of Vermandois – Otto (1010–1045)
Duchy of Gascony – Sancho VI William (1009–1032)
Holy Roman Empire – Henry II (1002–1024)
Duchy of Bavaria – Henry V (1005–1026)
March of Austria – Henry I (994–1018)
Duchy of Bohemia – Jaromir (1004–1012)
Duchy of Carinthia –
Conrad I (1004–1011)
Adalbero (1011–1035)
Duchy of Lower Lorraine – Otto (977–1012)
County of Frisia – Dirk III (993–1039)
County of Leuven – Lambert I (1003–1015)
County of Mons – Reginar IV (998–1013)
County of Namur – Albert I (c. 981–1011)
Duchy of Upper Lorraine – Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
County of Bar – Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
County of Luxembourg – Henry I (998–1026)
County Palatine of Lotharingia – Ezzo (996–1034)
Duchy of Saxony –
Bernard I (973–1011)
Bernard II (1011–1059)
Saxon Eastern March – Gero II (993–1015)
Northern March – Bernard (1009–1051)
March of Meissen – Herman I (1009–1038)
Duchy of Swabia – Herman III (1003–1012)
Kingdom of Hungary – Stephen I (1000–1038)
Ireland – Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (1002–1014)
Ailech – Flaithbertach Ua Néill, King of Ailech (1004–1031)
Connacht – Tadg in Eich Gil, King of Connacht (1010–1030)
Uí Maine – Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King of Uí Maine (985–1014)
Leinster – Máelmórda mac Murchada, King of Leinster (1003–1014)
Kingdom of Mide – Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (c. 975–1022)
Kingdom of Munster – Brian Boru (978–1014)
Kingdom of Italy – Henry II (1004–1024)
Duchy of Amalfi – Sergius II (1007–1028)
Principality of Benevento – Pandulf II (981–1014)
Principality of Capua – Pandulf II (1007–1022)
Catepanate of Italy – Basil Mesardonites (1010–1016)
Duchy of Gaeta – John IV (1008–1012)
March of Ivrea – Arduin (c. 990–1015)
March of Montferrat – William III (991–1042)
Duchy of Naples – Sergius IV (1002–1036)
Papal States – Pope Sergius IV (1009–1012)
Principality of Salerno – Guaimar III (994–1027)
Emirate of Sicily – Ja'far al-Kalbi (998–1019)
March of Tuscany – Boniface (1004–1011)
Republic of Venice – Otto Orseolo, Doge of Venice (1009–1026)
Kievan Rus' – Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev (980–1015)
Principality of Novgorod – Yaroslav I the Wise (1010–1034)
Principality of Polotsk – Bryachislav (1001–1044)
Principality of Turov – Sviatopolk Vladimirovich (997–1019)
Kingdom of Norway –
Sveinn Hákonarson, Regent (1000–c. 1015)
Eiríkr Hákonarson, Regent (1000–1012)
Sweyn I (1000–1014)
Poland – Bolesław I the Brave, Duke of Poland (992–1025)
Kingdom of Alba (Scotland) – Malcolm II (1005–1034)
Serbia (Duklja) – Jovan Vladimir, Zhupan of Duklja (c. 990–1016)
Spain -
County of Barcelona – Ramon Borrell (993–1017)
County of Castile – Sancho García (995–1017)
Caliphate of Córdoba – Hisham II (1010–1013)
Kingdom of León – Alfonso V (999–1028)
County of Portugal – Alvito Nunes (1008–1015)
Kingdom of Pamplona – Sancho III (1004–1035)
County of Urgell –
Ermengol I (993–1011)
Ermengol II (1011–1038)
Kingdom of Sweden – Olof Skötkonung (995–1022)
Wales -
Deheubarth –
Edwin ab Einion, co-Prince of Deheubarth (1005–1018)
Cadell ab Einion, co-Prince of Deheubarth (1005–1018)
Kingdom of Gwynedd – Aeddan ap Blegywryd (1005–1018)


List of foreign Liga Panameña de Fútbol players

This is a list of foreign players in Liga Panameña de Fútbol. The following players:
have played at least one official game for their respective clubs.
are listed as squad members for the current .
have not been capped for the Panama national team at any level.
includes uncapped players with dual nationality.

In italic: Players currently signed, but have yet to play a league match.

In Bold: Current foreign Primera División de Fútbol Profesional. players and their present team.

Africa (CAF)

Cameroon
 Bengue Guillaume – Plaza Amador

Equatorial Guinea
 Rolan De La Cruz – Arabe Unido
 Carlos Bejarano – Arabe Unido

Nigeria
 Frank Nedu Ejiofor – Tauro FC
 Kizito Obi – Tauro FC

South America (CONMEBOL)

Argentina
 Gianni Baggini – Chepo FC
 Daniel Brizuela – Tauro FC
 Rodrigo Caballero – Plaza Amador
 Claudio Cáceres – San Francisco F.C.
 Juan Cano – Santa Gema
 Gianfranco Cao – Universitario
 Julio Capretta – Plaza Amador
 Rodrigo Cariara – Atletico Veragüense
 Ruben Cecco – Plaza Amador
 Ariel Celebroni – Chorrillo FC
 Daniel Cragnolini – Tauro FC
 Cristian Fabbiani  – Universitario
 Pablo Gallardo – Tauro FC
 Martín Grioni – Chorrillo FC
 Guillermo Mairana – San Francisco F.C.
 Abel Marcovecchio – Independiente
 Claudio "Gallo" Martinez –
 Diego Myers – Plaza Amador
 Ricardo Oviedo – Chorrillo FC
 Nicolás Parodi – Plaza Amador
 Pablo Romero – Tauro FC, Arabe Unido, San Francisco FC
 Daniel Suárez –
 Victor Suarez – San Francisco F.C., Sporting San Miguelito, Plaza Amador
 Juan Tamburelli – Tauro FC
 Norberto Urbani – Plaza Amador
 Santiago Valdés – Chorrillo FC

Brazil
 Felipe Bender Borowski –
 Caio José Milan – Chorillo FC
 Tiago Piaí –
 Leandro Cristian Rodrígues do Amaral "Safira" – Plaza Amador
 Ovidio Dos Santos – Tauro FC
 Flavinho da Silva – Plaza Amador
  Roberto Almeida Da Silva –

Colombia
 Ferney Agrono – Tauro FC
 Santiago De Alba – San Francisco FC
 Gustavo Alvarez – Arabe Unido
 Alexander Amut- Tauro FC
 Yustin Arboleda – Chorillo FC
 Wanegre Delgado de Armas –
 Jairo León Arias – San Francisco FC
 José Arias – Alianza FC
 Johann de Ávila – San Francisco FC
 Fredy Arizala – San Francisco FC
 Christian Banguera – Chepo FC
 Manuel Bocanegra – Chepo FC
 Ariel Bonilla – Chorillo, Plaza Amador, Tauro FC
 Álvaro Borja – Atlético Veragüense
 James Cabezas – Tauro Fc
 Lid Carabali – Plaza Amador
 Nilson Castañeda – Tauro FC
 Mauricio Castaño – Alianza
  Johan Cerón – Arabe Unido
 Gustavo Chara – Tauro FC
 Jan Contreras – Tauro FC
 Adalberto Córdoba – Tauro FC
 Rolan de la Cruz – Árabe Unido
 Ánderson Diaz – Atlético Chiriquí
 Jeffrey Díaz – San Francisco FC
 Miguel Duque – Chepo FC
 Javier Dussan – Tauro Fc
 Andres Escobar – Chorillo
 Oliver Fula – UDUniversitario
 Jesus Gamboa – Municipal Chorillo
 Rubén Gamboa – San Francisco FC
 Faber Gil – Arabe Unido
 Deivis Granados – San Francisco FC, Atletico Chiriqui
 Edwin Grueso – Alianza
 Jorge Henriquez – Chorillo
 Reinel Herrera – Tauro FC
 Ignacio Francisco Herrera –
 Alejandro Hincapié – Arabe Unido
 Diego Hoyos – Arabe Unido
 Emerson Hurtado – San Francisco FC
 Richard Ibargüen – Tauro FC
 Jose Julio – Atlético Veragüense
 Wilmer Largacha – Sporting San Miguelito
 David Loaiza – Chorillo
 Anderson Lobón – Chepo FC
 Dorian López – Tauro FC, San Francisco FC
 Alberto Manotas – Tauro FC,San Francisco FC
 Joan Melo – Tauro FC
 Alexander Moreno – Chepo FC
 Carlos Mosquera – Tauro FC
 Johnatan Mosquera – Arabe Unido
 Julian Munoz – Chorillo
 Steven Munoz – Chepo FC
 Jose Murillo – Plaza Amador
 Manuel Murillo – Atletico Nacional
 Pablo César Murillo – Atlético Chiriquí
 Gerardo Negrete – Independiente, Alianza
 Marlon Negrete – San Francisco FC
 William Negrete – San Francisco FC
 Edwin Ocampo Osorio – Municipal Chorillo
 Juan Osorio – Alianza FC
 Miguel Alonso Pacheco – La Previsora (San Francisco FC)
 Jean Carlos Palacios-  Sporting 89 (Sporting San Miguelitto)
 Ezequiel Palomeque – Plaza Amador
 Eder Paredes – Alianza FC
 Cristian Pérez – San Francisco FC
 Luis José Pérez – San Francisco FC
 Robyn Pertuz – Alianza
 Héctor Nazarith – Tauro FC
 Gonzalo Quintero –
 John Wilson Raigosa – Arabe Unido
 Jhonny Ríos – Tauro Fc
 Juan Manuel Rodríguez – La Previsora (San Francisco FC)
 Jhoan Romero – Santa Gema
 Rodrigo Ruiz – Arabe Unido
 Víctor Hugo Saavedra – La Previsora (San Francisco FC)
 Victor Sanchez – Alianza FC
 Jorge Sandoval – Sporting San Miguelito
 Andres Santamaria – Plaza Amador, Atletico Nacional
 Milton Segura – Santa Gema
 Carlos Sierra – Tauro FC
 Alvaro Hernán Silva – Sporting San Miguelito
 Santiago Silvera – Atlético Veragüense
 Miguel Solis – San Francisco FC
 Varcán Sterling – Tauro FC, San Francisco FC
 Lucas Arias Tirado – Alianza FC
 Miguel Torres – San Francisco FC
 Leandro Trujillo – Municipal Chorillo
  David Uribe – Independiente
 John Valencia – Sporting 89 (Sporting San Miguelitto)
 Juan Carlos Velazco –
 Carlos Vilarete – San Francisco FC
 Jefferson Viveros – San Francisco FC
 Francisco Wittingham -La Previsora (San Francisco FC)
 Pablo Zamora – Alianza FC
 Jorge Zapata – Arabe Unido
 Yezid Zapata – San Francisco FC

Ecuador
 Pablo Ochoa – Sporting San Miguelito
 Geovanny Salinas – Plaza Amador

Paraguay
 Julio Castillo – Chepo FC, Plaza Amador

Peru
 Pablo Cotito Arias –
 Rafael Lecca –
 Raúl Mamani –
 Roger Meoño –
 Juan Pretel – Tauro FC

Venezuela
 Daniel Blanco -Plaza Amador
 Jose Peraza – Tauro FC
 Frank Piedrahita – Plaza Amador

North & Central America, Caribbean (CONCACAF)

Belize
 Ryan Simpson – Atlético Chiriquí
 Woodrow West – Atlético Chiriquí.

Costa Rica
 Luis Carlos Acuña – Árabe Unido
 Carlos Barahona – Alianza FC
 Luis Corrales – San Francisco FC
 Erick Araya Godines – Atlético Chiriquí
 Wilson Lopez – Alianza FC
 Eddy Basilio Rojas – Árabe Unido

Dominican Republic
 Erick Ozuna – Árabe Unido
 Jonathan Faña – Árabe Unido
 Miguel Lloyd – Árabe Unido

El Salvador
 Rusvel Saravia – San Francisco FC

Honduras
 Maynor Suazo – Atletico Veragüense
 José Reyes – San Francisco FC

Mexico
 José Luis Navas – Tauro FC
 Felipe Villanueva – La Previsora (San Francisco FC)
 Tomás Villanueva – La Previsora (San Francisco FC)

Nicaragua
 Juan Barrera – Tauro FC
 Raúl Leguías – Municipal Colon, Sporting San Miguelito, Plaza Amador, Tauro FC, Arabe Unido
 Axel Villanueva – Tauro FC

Asia (AFC)

Japan
 Yuske Kubota – Plaza Amador
 Osodo Nobuya – Plaza Amador
 Iroki Ueno – Plaza Amador

Europe (UEFA)

Italy
 Marcos Casagrande – Arabe Unido
 Giacomo Ratto – Tauro FC

Spain
 Fernando Murcia – Eurokickers FC
 José Raposeiras – EuroKickers FC
 Ismael Remacha – Plaza Amador
 Michel Salgado – Chorillo

External links

Category:Liga Panameña de Fútbol
Panama

Category:Association football player non-biographical articles