Lee Seung-u

Lee Seung-u (, born 21 February 1959) is a South Korean writer.

Life
Lee Seung-u was born in Jangheung, Jeollanam-do in 1959. Lee Seung-u graduated from Seoul Theological University and studied at Yonsei University Graduate School of Theology. One of the outstanding writers to have emerged in South Korea after the political repression of the 1980s, he is today professor of Korean Literature at Chosun University.

Lee's literary career started with his novel A Portrait of Erysichton, which was triggered by his shock at the assassination attempt of Pope Paul II in 1981. This work received the New Writers Award from Korean Literature Monthly. In 1993 Lee's The Reverse Side of Life was awarded the 1st Daesan Literary Award and he has also received he East West Literature Prize for I Will Live Long, the Contemporary Literature Award for Fiction and the Hwang Sun-won Literary Award.

Works
In Portrait of Erysichton, In the Shadow of Thorny Bushes, and The Reverse Side of Life, Lee Seung-u works on the notion of Christian redemption and how it intersects with human life, demonstrating how tension between heaven and earth are revealed in quotidian life. Other works, including A Conjecture Regarding Labyrinth and To the Outside of the World face up to disillusionment pursuant to the corruption and devaluation of language.

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio, the 2008 Nobel Laureate for Literature, has a deep affection for Korean literature. During his year-long stay in Korea as a visiting professor at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, he held book readings with Korean authors on several occasions. At the press conference after the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony, he stated that “Korean literature is quite worthy of the Nobel Literature Prize,” and that “Personally, I would say that Lee Seung-u is one of the likely Korean candidates for the prize.”

Among Lee’s works, only full-length novels have been translated into English and French, but he has published a great number of short story collections in the past three decades, due to the climate of the Korean literary world in which a writer’s capacity is evaluated mostly through short stories published in literary journals.

Works in Translation
 Die Ruckseite des Lebens (Horlemann, 1996)
 The Reverse Side of Life (Peter Owen Publishers, 2005)
 La vida secreta de las plantas (Ermitano, 2010)
 植物たちの私生活 (藤原書店, 2012)
 Тайная жизнь растений (Hyperion, 2013)
 Magnolia Park (ASIA Publishers, 2013)
 ICI Comme Ailleurs (Gallimard, 2013)

Works in Korean (partial)

Novels
 A Portrait of Erysichton (Erysichton-ui chosang 1981)
 In the Shadow of Thorny Bushes
 Warm Rain (Ttatteuthan bi)
 Gold Mask (Hwanggeumgamyeon)
 The Reverse Side of Life (Saeng-ui imyeon 1992)
 The Private Life of Plants (2000)
 The Old Diary (2008)
 The Gaze of Meridian (2009)
 The Song of the Ground (2012)

Short story collections
 Mr. Koo Pyeongmok's Cockroach (Gu pyeongmok-ssi-ui bakwibeollae 1987)
 About Eclipse
 To the Outside of the World (Sesang bakkeuro 1991)
 A Conjecture Regarding Labyrinth (Mingung-e dachan 1994)
 Magnolia Park (Mongyeon gong-won 1998)

Awards
 New Writer’s Award given by Korean Literature (1981)
 1st Daesan Literary Award (1993)
 Dong-seo Literary Prize (2002)
 Lee Hyo-seok Literary Prize (2003)
 Contemporary Literature (Hyundae Munhak) Award (2007)
 Hwang Sun-won Literary Award (2010)
 Dong-in Literary Award (2013)

See also
Korean literature
List of Korean novelists

References

Category:1959 births
Category:South Korean writers
Category:South Korean novelists
Category:Living people
Category:Yonsei University alumni
Category:Chosun University faculty
Category:South Korean academics
Category:Incheon Lee clan


Yorobodi

Yorobodi is a town in eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Sandégué Department in Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Yorobodi was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Yorobodi was 16,708 .

Villages
The ten villages of the sub-prefecture of Yorobodi and their population in 2014 are :

Notes

Category:Populated places in Zanzan District
Category:Sub-prefectures of Gontougo
Category:Former communes of Ivory Coast
Category:Populated places in Gontougo


1997–98 A.C. Fiorentina season

Associazione Calcio Fiorentina came off second best in a competitive battle for fourth in Serie A. Under Alberto Malesani's leadership, Fiorentina played an attacking 3–5–2 formation, where goal scoring duo Gabriel Batistuta and Luís Oliveira scored an accumulated 36 goals between them. Following the end of the season, Malesani accepted an offer from Parma, thus departing the club after only one season in charge. Sensationally, Giovanni Trapattoni became his successor, remarking that Fiorentina was serious about winning the league.

Players

Goalkeepers
  Francesco Toldo
  Valerio Fiori
  Giacomo Dondoli

Defenders
  Giulio Falcone
  Michele Serena
  Pasquale Padalino
  Aldo Firicano
  Stefano Bettarini
  Roberto Mirri
  Simone Bartaloni
  Andrea Tarozzi

Midfielders
  Stefan Schwarz
  Emiliano Bigica
  Rui Costa
  Giovanni Piacentini
  Sandro Cois
  Andrei Kanchelskis
  Anselmo Robbiati
  Domenico Morfeo
  Christian Amoroso
  Mirko Benin
  Carlo Carta

Forwards
  Gabriel Batistuta
  Anselmo Robbiati
  Andrea Mussi
  Francesco Flachi
  Luís Oliveira
  Alessandro Atzeni
  Edmundo

Competitions

Serie A

League table

Results summary

Results by round

Matches

Coppa Italia

Statistics

Goalscorers
  Gabriel Batistuta 21
  Luís Oliveira 14 (1)
  Domenico Morfeo 5 (1)
  Edmundo 4
  Anselmo Robbiati 4
  Rui Costa 4

References

Category:ACF Fiorentina seasons
Fiorentina


Steven P. Millies

Steven P. Millies (born 1972) is an author and political theorist, and currently associate professor of public theology and director of The Bernardin Center at Catholic Theological Union in Chicago, IL. Before joining CTU in 2017, Millies held the Strom Thurmond Endowed Chair in Political Science at the University of South Carolina Aiken (Aiken, SC) where he taught from 2003-2017.

Education
Born and raised in the Chicago area, Millies studied history at Loyola University Chicago while also pursuing minor sequences in political science and philosophy.  He earned an M.A. and Ph.D. in political theory at The Catholic University of America where he studied under David Walsh.  His dissertation, "A Relation between Us": Religion and the Political Thought of Edmund Burke, examined how Burke hoped religion could supplement and ground the authority of law in a modern, constitutional state in circumstances with and without the formal support of a religious establishment.  Like politics, religion is "a relation between us" and together they express normative claims discernible through history.

Work
Millies's academic work focuses on the relationships between history, religion, and politics, especially as they intersect in the Roman Catholic tradition.  Examining writers in both the liberal and conservative political traditions, Millies has been interested in the ways that historical understanding shapes the encounters between religious belief and the politics of pluralism.  He has written widely, drawing from authors along the full spectrum including Eric Voegelin and Edmund Burke, Thomas Merton and Joseph Bernardin.

Awards and recognitions
Millies's 2016 biography of Joseph Bernardin was a finalist in the biography category for the 2017 Association of Catholic Publishers' Excellence in Publishing Awards. The same book was awarded first place for the biography category by the Catholic Press Association's 2017 book awards.

Works

 Good Intentions: A History of Catholic Voters' Road from Roe to Trump.  (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press Academic, 2018)
 Joseph Bernardin: Seeking Common Ground (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2016)

References

External links

 Faculty page at Catholic Theological Union

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Catholic University of America alumni
Category:University of South Carolina Aiken people
Category:Loyola University Chicago alumni


Gakona Historic District

The Gakona Historic District encompasses the historic settlement of Gakona, Alaska, which was established as a stagecoach stop on what is now the Glenn Highway in eastern Alaska.  The district includes the original Gakona Roadhouse, dating to 1904, and a cluster of buildings around the 1926-28 Gakona Lodge just to its south: two cabins, a horse barn, carriage house, bar, and house.  All but two of these are of log construction, and most were built either c. 1904 or 1926-28, when the highway was rebuilt to a higher standard.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Contributing Properties
The historical district contains a total of 11 contributing properties, built between 1904 and 1942:
 Cabin One, , built 1930-1931.
 Cabin Two, , built 1930-1931.
 Carriage House, , built 1929.
 Trapper's Den Bar, , built 1942.
 Gakona Lodge (the present Gakona Roadhouse) , built 1926-1928.
 Garage, , built 1942.
 Storage Shed, , built 1904.
 Ice House, , built 1904.
 Gakona Roadhouse, , built 1904.
 Horse Barn, , built 1910.
 Henra Sundt House, , built 1927-1928.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Valdez-Cordova Census Area, Alaska

References

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1904
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska
Category:1904 establishments in Alaska


SAMPLE history

SAMPLE history is a mnemonic acronym to remember key questions for a person's medical assessment. The SAMPLE history is sometimes used in conjunction with vital signs and OPQRST. The questions are most commonly used in the field of emergency medicine by first responders during the secondary assessment. It is used for alert people, but often much of this information can also be obtained from the family or friend of an unresponsive person. In the case of severe trauma, this portion of the assessment is less important. A derivative of SAMPLE history is AMPLE history which places a greater emphasis on a person's medical history.

Meaning
The parts of the mnemonic are:

S – Signs/Symptoms (Symptoms are important but they are subjective.)
A – Allergies
M – Medications
P – Past Pertinent medical history
L – Last Oral Intake (Sometimes also Last Menstrual Cycle.)
E – Events Leading Up To Present Illness / Injury

See also
OPQRST
DCAP-BTLS
ABC (medicine)
Past Medical History

References

External links
The EMT Spot Understanding the SAMPLE History

Category:Emergency medical services
Category:First aid
Category:Medical mnemonics
Category:Mnemonic acronyms


Burnt Toast Vinyl

Burnt Toast Vinyl is an independent record label based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

History
Burnt Toast Vinyl was founded by Scott Hatch, a Drexel University student who had initially been involved with concert promotion at the school. The label has released full albums from several prominent Philadelphia indie musicians, as well as releasing or re-releasing material on vinyl from artists, including those on the Tooth & Nail roster. Among its reissues are the debut album from Scaterd Few, re-released by Burnt Toast in 2015.

Several of Burnt Toast's post rock and experimental groups attracted notice from magazines such as Dusted and Prefix. Among the label's best-known releases are those by Denison Witmer, Unwed Sailor, and Saxon Shore.

Roster

All American Radio
Aspera
The Blamed
Bosque Brown
Byul.org
Circle of Birds
Early Day Miners
Efterklang
Emperor X
Ester Drang
Explosions in the Sky
Farquar Muckenfuss
Foxhole
The Huntingtons
In a Lonely Place
Isolation Years
Jetenderpaul
June Panic
Damien Jurado
The Magic Lantern
mewithoutYou
Mount Eerie
Movies With Heroes
Octane Blue
The Operation (formerly Sans Culottes)
Don Peris (of The Innocence Mission)
Psalters
Questions in Dialect
Ran Away to Sea
Reels of White Softly Flow
Saxon Shore
Scaterd Few
Scientific
The Six Parts Seven
Somerset
Soporus
Starflyer 59
Sufjan Stevens
The Trouble with Sweeney
Unwed Sailor
Denison Witmer
Woven Hand
Yndi Halda
Yume Bitsu

See also
List of record labels

References

External links
Official website

Category:Culture of Philadelphia
Category:Companies based in Philadelphia
Category:American independent record labels


Chabukauri basilica

Chabukauri basilica () is an early Christian church—now in a ruinous state—in the eastern Georgian region of Kakheti, in the territory of the historical settlement of Nekresi, about 1.5 km northwest of the Nekresi monastic complex. It is a large three-aisle basilica, dated to the 4th to 5th century, making it one of the earliest Christian church buildings in Georgia. It was unearthed in 1998. The basilica is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

History
The Chabukauri basilica was unearthed in an eponymous plot in 1998 and was dated, on architectural and archaeological grounds, to the 4th or 5th century. Being one of the largest basilican churches in Georgia, its discovery questioned a previous assumption that the first church buildings in eastern Georgia were typically small narrow edifices autonomously developed in the country. Another huge basilica, the Dolochopi church, was uncovered just 4 km east as the crow flies, in 2012. Both temples appear to have been part of the larger settlement of Nekresi, but due to the lack of written sources and dense foliage covering the area its extent remains unknown. These Christian establishments were founded not long after as a nearby located Zoroastrian shrine, the so-called Nekresi fire temple, was abandoned. Nodar Bakhtadze, who excavated Chabukauri, identifies the basilica with a church known from the early medieval Georgian chronicles to have been founded at Nekresi by King Trdat of Kartli (). The church's design is in line with the established Eastern Roman standards, but the architectural details such as a quadrangular sanctuary and parabemata show affinities with the early churches in Sasanian Iran, such as Hira, Ain Shaia, and Kharg, all dated to the late 4th century.

Layout
Chabukauri is a three-nave basilica, measuring 33.4 x 15 m. It was built of large limestone blocks, sledged stones, and gravel. The naos is divided into three naves by five pairs of rectangular-shaped pillars. A rectangular altar seems to have been placed in the southeast of the main nave. It was flanked, on either side, by small rectangular chambers, corresponding to the pastophoria. The building had three entrances, on the south, west, and north. The main nave appears to have been damaged in an earthquake not long after the church's construction and part of its northeastern sector was converted into the south aisle of a new, smaller building. This new church terminated in two distinctive horseshoe-shaped apses, the larger of which had a synthronon. The church had a wooden roof with ceramic tiles, held in place with nails and antefixes. A number of medieval cist burials have been unearthed across the site. Within the church ruins, many fragments of pottery and two unique bronze oil lamps have been found. To the northwest of the basilica there is a small apsed structure of unknown function, which was covered by a high-quality terracotta tile floor. There is an indication that the walls of the building were once plastered and painted red.

References

Category:Buildings and structures in Kakheti
Category:Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia
Category:4th-century churches
Category:1998 archaeological discoveries
Category:Archaeological sites in Georgia (country)


Pseudorhabdosynochus meganmarieae

Pseudorhabdosynochus meganmarieae is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the Graysby, Cephalopholis cruentata. It has been described by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015.

Description
Pseudorhabdosynochus meganmarieae is a small monogenean. The species has the general characteristics of other species of Pseudorhabdosynochus, with a flat body and a posterior haptor, which is the organ by which the monogenean attaches itself to the gill of is host. The haptor bears two squamodiscs, one ventral and one dorsal.
The sclerotized male copulatory organ, or "quadriloculate organ", has the shape of a bean with four internal chambers, as in other species of Pseudorhabdosynochus.
The vagina includes a sclerotized part, which is a complex structure.

Diagnosis
Kritsky, Bakenhaster & Adams (2015) wrote that Pseudorhabdosynochus meganmarieae is easily distinguished from all other known congeners from the western Atlantic region by having ventral anchors with short roots and an elongate straight shaft. Based on the presence of two small chambers and a distal funnel-shaped tube in the vaginal sclerites, P. meganmarieae most closely resembles P. yucatanensis, but the vaginal sclerite in P. meganmarieae is more robust and its distal end has a more pronounced funnel shape than that of P. yucatanensis. It differs further from P. yucatanensis by lacking tegumental scales and by having a comparatively deep medial constriction in the ventral bar and a tapered cone and thinner walls of the chambers of the male copulatory organ.

Etymology

Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams (2015) indicated that the species Pseudorhabdosynochus meganmarieae was named "for Megan-Marie (Duckworth) Bakenhaster, who helped to make this study possible by spending weeks and innumerable late nights isolated from adult company while caring for a young, singular child possessed of strong opinions on the limits of parental authority. Her patience and perseverance facilitated our collections of specimens of this and other species of Pseudorhabdosynochus reported herein."

Hosts and localities
The type-host and only recorded host of Pseudorhabdosynochus meganmarieae is the Graysby, Cephalopholis cruentata (Serranidae: Epinephelinae). The type-locality is Florida Middle Grounds, Gulf of Mexico.

References

Category:Diplectanidae
Category:Animals described in 2015


Madhesi

Madhesi may refer to:

People
Madhesi people, a group of people  residing in the Nepal Terai
Madhesi tribe, indigenous American people of the Madhesi valley

Places
Madhesi Valley, a territory in the United States
Madhesh, a part of the Terai in Nepal

Political parties
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, "Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal", a political party in Nepal
Madhesi Youth Forum, the youth wing of the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum in Nepal
Madhesi Janadhikar Forum Madhesh, a political party in Nepal, a splinter group of the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum
United Democratic Madhesi Front, a political coalition in Nepal, constituted of three Madhesh-based political parties:
Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party


Mowtowr-e Rahman Khalqpur Chah Hasan

Mowtowr-e Rahman Khalqpur Chah Hasan (, also Romanized as Mowtowr-e Raḥmān Khālqpūr Chāh Ḩasan) is a village in Jazmurian Rural District, Jazmurian District, Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 26 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Rudbar-e Jonubi County


Hiroshi Saito (footballer)

is a former Japanese football player.

Playing career
Saito was born in Tokyo on November 13, 1970. He joined Yomiuri from youth team in 1989. In 1992, he moved to Brazilian club XV Novembro-Jaú. In 1993, he returned to Japan and joined Shimizu S-Pulse. Although he played many matches as defender in 1993, he could hardly play in the match in 1994. In 1995, he moved to Japan Football League club Brummell Sendai. He retired end of 1995 season.

Club statistics

References

External links

geocities.co.jp

Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association football people from Tokyo
Category:Japanese footballers
Category:Japan Soccer League players
Category:J1 League players
Category:Japan Football League (1992–98) players
Category:Tokyo Verdy players
Category:Shimizu S-Pulse players
Category:Vegalta Sendai players
Category:Association football defenders


Welcome to My Truth

"Welcome to My Truth" is a song by American recording artist Anastacia from her third studio album, Anastacia. Written by Anastacia, Kara DioGuardi, and John Shanks and released as the album's third single in Europe on November 8, 2004, the song chronicles Anastacia's strained relationship with her father, who left her at a young age, along with the singer's battle with breast cancer. While "Welcome to My Truth" failed to match overall the success of its predecessors, "Left Outside Alone" and "Sick and Tired", it fared relatively well in certain European nations, such as Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain.

Critical reception
The song was well received by music critics.
Andy Gill of The Independent wrote that this song is connected to Anastacia's battle with cancer :"It's more likely to be the trigger behind the anthemic positivism of "Welcome to My Truth."

Music video
Directed by Diane Martel, the video was filmed in the Napa County, California, on July 17–18, 2004.

In the music video, a young girl is seen watching her parents having a fight, while clips are shown of Anastacia in a garden singing that "she has hit about a million walls". The father – played by actor Wade Williams – reluctantly leaves the house and waves goodbye to the little girl. At the second verse, the little girl is shown playing with toys and watching TV with her brother and mother. When the chorus reprises, the girl is at school painting a portrait of Mona Lisa, for which she is given a medal. When she gets home, she sticks the number-one prize to the refrigerator so that her mother could see it and be proud of her. The mother, however, does not take notice of her prize and walks by it, which obviously upsets the child; it also reveals the sadness of her mother, distracted by grief.

Next, the child is shown painting a happy painting at nighttime. Anastacia is then seen hugging the girl in a garden, and as Anastacia's past and present collide we can see she is overcoming her pain. The painting the child creates represents that even though her life is not as perfect as she wants it to be, she can still be happy.

Track listings
UK CD 1
"Welcome to My Truth" – 4:03
"Left Outside Alone" (Jason Nevins Mix Show Edit)

UK CD 2
"Welcome to My Truth" – 4:03
"The Saddest Part" – 4:10
"Left Outside Alone" (Jason Nevins Global Club Edit) – 3:48
"Welcome to My Truth" (Live Version) – 4:06
"Welcome to My Truth" (Video)

European CD single
"Welcome to My Truth" – 4:03
"The Saddest Part" – 4:10

European CD maxi single
"Welcome to My Truth" – 4:03
"The Saddest Part" – 4:10
"Sick and Tired" (Live from The Hospital) – 3:59
"Welcome to My Truth" (Video)

Australian CD single
"Welcome to My Truth" – 4:03
"The Saddest Part" – 4:10
"Sick and Tired" (Live from The Hospital) – 3:59

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

Category:2004 singles
Category:Anastacia songs
Category:Music videos directed by Diane Martel
Category:Song recordings produced by John Shanks
Category:Songs written by Anastacia
Category:Songs written by John Shanks
Category:Songs written by Kara DioGuardi
Category:2004 songs
Category:Epic Records singles
Category:Country rock songs


Vice admiralty court

Vice Admiralty Courts were juryless courts located in British colonies that were granted jurisdiction over local legal matters related to maritime activities, such as disputes between merchants and seamen.

American Colonies

American maritime activity had been primarily self-regulated in the early to mid-1600s. Smaller maritime issues were settled at court in local jurisdictions, prior to the establishment of courts to specialize in admiralty. In the colony of Massachusetts Bay, for instance, a maritime code to specialize in maritime legislation was created and in 1674 the Court of Assistants was established to determine all cases of admiralty. Typically the courts were presided over by a judge, unless it was deemed more suitable to be presided over by a jury. This was similar in Maryland, where a so-called 'Court of Admiralty' heard cases of maritime issues including sailor's wages, the carriage of goods and piracy. Originally these courts dealt primarily with commercial matters, and the judges which presided over them were appointed by the local population and were paid from the colonial treasuries. Their jurisdiction expanded, however, during the French and Indian War, to the condemnation of enemy ships including disposing of their possessions. It was not until the passage and the later stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts by the British parliament from the 1650s through to the 1770s that the British government were granted more power over American maritime issues, as vice-admiralty courts began to enforce customs and hear criminal trials for smuggling.

In the 1700s, the British passed a variety of laws aimed at combating illegal smuggling in the American colonies. Americans had developed trade relationships with places such as southern Europe, the Netherlands and the West Indies, despite the fact that the Navigation Acts intended to give Great Britain a trade monopoly with its American colonies. The Molasses Act of 1733 had tried to tax molasses and non-British sugar, though it was largely unsuccessful. Shipowners who imported manufactured goods from the Netherlands smuggled these products in absolute secrecy, with Crown officials estimating that  the annual value of manufactured goods smuggled equaled £500,000. British admiralty prepared commissions to authorize governors to erect vice-admiralty courts throughout the American colonies. In 1701, William Atwood was dispatched to preside as judge of the Admiralty for New Hampshire and the Jerseys. Due to firm colonial opposition, however, the task was practically impossible so he retired only a few years later. Other vice-admiralty judges in Pennsylvania and southern colonies faced similar difficulties as locally elected authorities strongly opposed the work they were sent to do.

The courts became quickly unpopular. This was not only because of the express prohibition of jury trials or the fact that vice-admiralty judges tended to believe that common law courts did not have superior status. It was also because a whole range of technical issues confused the legal system. It was often not clear whether vice-admiralty courts had jurisdiction over creeks or bays, or whether the governor could create vice-admiralty courts through vice-regal powers, or whether or not there was a clear method of separating the jurisdictions and procedures of vice-admiralty and common law jurisdiction. As a consequence of this, vice-admiralty courts became ineffective and, as many colonists perceived, unjust.

American Revolution

In the early years of the American Revolution, the British parliament increased the power of Vice-Admiralty Courts throughout the colonies to regulate maritime activities and combat smuggling. The 1764 Revenue Act, known also as the Sugar Act, established a so-called 'super' Vice-Admiralty Court in Halifax, Nova Scotia presided over by a Crown-appointed judge, the first of which was British jurist and the later Governor of Barbados Dr. William Spry. The Court was to have jurisdiction over all of America, with the legislation empowering customs officials to take seizures in ships to either a common law court, ruled over by a jury, or the new vice-admiralty court. However, the court in Nova Scotia lost its utility fairly quickly not only because of its distance from the centers of commerce and trade in the colonies, but because the cold weather made it difficult to travel to. Therefore, in spring 1768, the court in Halifax was abolished and parliament authorized vice-admiralty courts in Boston, Charleston and Philadelphia. These courts held sessions heard without juries, with the burden of proof being on the accused instead of on the officers who seized their property. Much of the time vessels were seized by the Crown on weak evidence. The Courts also generally only tried Americans, with British persons accused of violating trade legislation being heard by juries in common law courts.

The Vice-Admiralty Courts were met with extensive protest from the colonies, and it became an important factor in motivating colonists to sever the political ties with their mother country. Many felt as though their right to be tried by their peers, a right which was seen as being part of the privilege of being an English subject, was being denied to them. From 1764 to 1768,  it was often complained that it was unjust for a merchant, whose ship may be seized in Georgia, to travel 1,500 miles from Georgia to the court in Halifax to defend his property. Further criticisms was that the owner of the ship or maritime goods seized had to post a large bond before allowing to defend himself. Additionally, even if his trial ended in acquittal, he would still be required to pay costs.

It was argued by American colonists that Vice-Admiralty judges were corrupt and often abused their power. In the proceedings of the Continental Congress held in Philadelphia on 5 September 1774, a complaint was drafted to King George III that the "judges of admiralty and vice-admiralty courts are empowered to receive their salaries and fees from the effects condemned by themselves" with officers of the customs being empowered to "break open and enter houses without the authority of any civil magistrate". James Otis had further complained of the lack of justice in having juryless trials and the burden of proof on the accused. The complaint made in the Continental Congress is probably alluding to the payments made to the judge of the vice-admiralty court in Halifax, where they actually received their payment not through a Crown salary but through compensation through fees charged for condemning a ship, and through the sharing of the profits of the condemnation of that ship. This was not the case in the Vice-Admiralty Courts established in Boston, Charleston and Philadelphia, where judges were paid only through salaries. In fact, the British government replied to the Congress' complaints in their Address of the People of Great Britain to the Inhabitants of America, where they mentioned that "four great Vice-Admiralty Courts were ... erected in different stations in America" and that "large salaries were settled upon the Judges, to make them independent. These salaries were paid not from the fines and forfeitures, but in the common way".

When the American Revolutionary War began, and the British court system effectively collapsed in America, the Continental Congress debated whether or not Admiralty jurisdiction should be returned to the regular court system or if each state should form its own admiralty court. State admiralty courts were established from 1776 onward in all the states, the first of which being in Connecticut, Boston, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Virginia. However, only a handful of these courts actually allowed for jury trials and appeals to Congress. Eventually, the American Constitution formed in 1789 vested Admiralty jurisdiction in federal district courts.

Australia

The first Vice-Admiralty Court established in Australia was in the colony of New South Wales in 1788. The first Vice-Admiral was Arthur Phillip and the first judge was Robert Ross. The court was abolished in 1911, when the Supreme Court of New South Wales was granted the Admiralty jurisdiction of the court.

Canada

A Vice Admiralty Court was formed in Nova Scotia to try smugglers and to enforce the Sugar Act of 1764 throughout British North America. From 1763–1765, when American smugglers were caught, they were tried by corrupt judges who received a percentage of the confiscated goods, if the defendants were found guilty; therefore, defendants were less than likely to be found innocent. References required for the assertion of corrupt judges.

Sierra Leone
The Sierra Leone Court of Vice Admiralty was founded by George Canning the British Foreign Secretary on 2 May 1807. Its role was to enforce the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act 1807 and the later Slave Trade Felony Act 1811. It  provided the legal basis according to which the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron could operate. The letters patent indicated that the courts role was the confiscation of ships involved in the slave trade, the liberation of the enslaved Africans and the confiscation of any other goods found on board. The Court functioned until 1817 when it was replaced by a Mixed Commission Court.

The first judge was Alexander Smith, a former shopkeeper, but he was replaced in 1808 by Robert Thorpe, a barrister with previous experience in Canada. Upon taking up his post, Thorpe complained about his predecessor's way of running the court to Lord Liverpool, and asked for clarification as regards the remit of the court. In April 1812, he tried Samuel Samo in the first court case brought under the  Slave Trade Felony Act 1811.

Notes

References
 Mangone, G. (1997). United States Admiralty Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
 Rabushka, A. (2008). Taxation in Colonial America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

External links
Vice Admiralty Court in New South Wales

Category:Legal history of England
Category:Former courts and tribunals in England and Wales
Category:Admiralty courts


James Towers

James Towers, VC (9 September 1897 – 24 January 1977) was an English soldier, farmer, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. A soldier with The Cameronians during the First World War, he was awarded the VC for his actions on 6 October 1918, during the Hundred Days Offensive.

Early life
Born on 9 September 1897 in the village of Broughton, in Lancashire, James Towers was the son of a farmer. Educated at Emmanuel Boys' School, he later worked on his father's dairy farm.

First World War
In July 1915, when Towers was 17 and therefore underage, he joined the British Army's West Lancashire Artillery. His true age was discovered and he was discharged and sent home. In August the following year, and now aged 18, he enlisted in the 5th Dragoon Guards, a cavalry regiment but was soon transferred to serve in the infantry with the 2nd Battalion, The Cameronians, also known as the Scottish Rifles. He departed for the Western Front in December 1916.

Towers' battalion was originally part of the 23rd Brigade, 8th Infantry Division but by the time of the Hundred Days Offensive it was serving with the 20th Division. On 6 October 1918, the battalion was defending the village of Méricourt, east of the Beaurevoir Line. It had been ordered to evacuate as German forces surrounded the village and opened fire but a party of 30 men from one company did not receive the instructions to do so. Volunteers were asked to take messages to the missing party and guide them back to British lines. Five men individually set out but all were killed.

Despite seeing what had happened to the previous volunteers, Towers, who acted as a runner for his company, offered to try and find the party. Using his speed and natural agility, and avoiding the heavy machine-gun fire, he was able to make his way to the trapped men. He led them back to the rest of the battalion in the early hours of the next morning. For his actions on 6 October he was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC). The VC, instituted in 1856, was the highest award for valour that could be bestowed on a soldier of the British Empire. The citation for Towers' VC read:

After the war, Towers returned to Broughton and within a few months was discharged from the British Army. He received his VC in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 8 May 1919. In an interview to a Lancashire newspaper, in describing his motivation for his actions, Towers said "I felt then that I had to go to the help of these lads. After all, they were my pals".

Later life
Returning to his civilian life, Towers resumed working on the family farm. He attended the interment service for The Unknown Warrior at Westminster Abbey on 11 November 1920, and would be a regular attendee at dinners and other commemorations for VC recipients, including the 1956 VC Centenary at Hyde Park. After his father retired from farming, Towers started his own business. From 1971 his health fell into decline and he died on 24 January 1977 at the Royal Infirmary at Preston in Lancashire. Survived by his wife and a daughter, his ashes were scattered on the lawns of the Preston Crematorium after a service that included representatives of the Scottish Rifles and VC Association.

There are several memorials to Towers; a road is named for him in the Lonsdale Estate in Preston and in Broughton, a major thoroughfare, opened in October 2017, is also named for him. On 6 October 2018, the hundred year anniversary of the action that led to the award of Towers' VC, a commemorative plaque naming him was unveiled at the Preston Flag Market.

Victoria Cross
In addition to the VC, Towers was also entitled to the British War Medal and the Victory Medal for his service in the First World War. The medals remained in the family for several years but were sold at auction in 1983, fetching ₤7,500 at the time. They appeared again at auction in Australia in 2005, selling this time for a value of ₤90,000. Ten years later, in an auction held in London, the medals were sold for ₤144,000 to an anonymous bidder.

Notes

References

External links
Burial location of James Towers "Lancashire"
News Item "James Towers' Victoria Cross sold at auction"

Category:1897 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:People from Broughton, Lancashire
Category:5th Dragoon Guards soldiers
Category:Cameronians soldiers
Category:British Army personnel of World War I
Category:British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
Category:British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross


Transcription error

A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by optical character recognition (OCR) programs. Human transcription errors are commonly the result of typographical mistakes; putting one’s fingers in the wrong place while touch typing is the easiest way to make this error. (The slang term "stubby fingers" is sometimes used for people who commonly make this mistake.) Electronic transcription errors occur when the scan of some printed matter is compromised or in an unusual font – for example, if the paper is crumpled, or the ink is smudged, the OCR may make transcription errors when reading.

Transposition error

Transposition errors are commonly mistaken for transcription errors, but they should not be confused. As the name suggests, transposition errors occur when characters have “transposed”—that is, they have switched places. Transposition errors are almost always human in origin. The most common way for characters to be transposed is when a user is touch typing at a speed that makes them input a later character before an earlier one.

Solving transcription and transposition errors
Transcription and transposition errors are found everywhere, even in professional articles in newspapers or books. They can be missed by editors quite easily, just as they can be created quite easily. The most obvious cure for the errors is for the user to watch the screen when they type, and to proofread. If the entry is occurring in data capture forms, databases or subscription forms, the designer of the forms or the database administrator should use input masks or validation rules.

Transcription and transposition errors may also occur in syntax when computer programming or programming, within variable declarations or coding parameters. This should be checked by proofreading; some syntax errors may also be picked up by the program the author is using to write the code. Common desktop publishing and word processing applications use spell checkers and grammar checkers, which may pick up on some transcription/transposition errors; however, these tools cannot catch all errors, as some errors form new words which are grammatically correct. For instance, if the user wished to write "The fog was dense", but instead put "The dog was dense", a grammar and spell checker would not notify the user because both phrases are grammatically correct, as is the spelling of the word "dog". Unfortunately, this situation is likely to get worse before it gets better, as workload for users and workers using manual direct data entry (DDE) devices increases.

Double entry (or more) may also be leveraged to minimize transcription or transposition error, but at the cost of a reduced number of entries per unit time.

Mathematical transposition errors are easily identifiable. Add up the numbers that make up the difference and the resultant number will always be evenly divisible by nine.  For example, (72-27)/9 = 5.

Auditing transcription errors in medical research databases
Double data entry is considered to be the goldstandard approach, still even when ruled important it is described emotionally as "laborious". However, as double-entry needs to be carried out by two separate data entry officers, the expenses associated with double data entry are substantial. Moreover, in some institutions this may not be possible. Therefore M. Khushi et al. suggest another semi-automatic technique called 'eAuditor'.

Using an audit protocol tool, it was identified that human entry errors range from 0.01% when entering donors' clinical follow-up details, to 0.53% when entering pathological details, highlighting the importance of an audit protocol tool in a medical research database.

See also
 Typographical error
 sic

References

Category:Spelling
Category:User errors


BGR Energy Systems Ltd

BGR Energy Systems Limited is a company headquartered at Chennai, operating in the utility industry, offering services ranging from product manufacturing to project execution. The Company operates in two segments: capital goods and construction and engineering procurement construction (EPC) Contracts.

BGR Energy Systems Ltd is the fourth Chennai-based company to join the elite $1 billion league after CPCL, MRF and Ashok Leyland.

History
BGR Energy Systems (BGRESL) was originally incorporated in 1985.  The company started as a joint venture between GEA Energietechnik GmbH, Germany and the promoter, B. G. Raghupathy, in order to produce and sell on-line condenser tube cleaning systems, debris filters and rubber cleaning balls used in thermal and nuclear power plants.

In 1993 Raghupathy and members of his family became the sole shareholders of the company and began to expand the range of product and services range in the power and oil & gas industries. On 28 June 2007, the company's name was changed from GEA Energy System (India), to BGR Energy Systems Limited.

BGR Energy carries on business in two segments, the Supply of systems and Equipments and Turnkey Engineering project contracting.

The company executes contracts to supply the Balance of Plant ('BOP'-a term coined by BGR Energy Systems Ltd in India) Equipment, Services and Civil works for Power Generation projects, in which it supplies, from a single source, the balance of the plant ('BOP'), i.e. items other than the boiler, turbine and generator (BTG). The company is currently executing BOP and EPC contracts tailored to customer's demands. It also has an infrastructure business intended to provide construction services and technology oriented projects to the infrastructure sector.

It was listed on 3 January 2008. The issue price was fixed at  480 per share. It was heavily oversubscribed 120 times according to NSE sources. The net proceeds of the issue was to augment long term working capital requirements, expand production capacity by establishing additional manufacturing facilities in India, China and the Middle East and fund expenditure for general corporate purposes.

Office
BGR Energy Systems Ltd which is headquartered at chennai has three regional offices (ROs) at Delhi (DRO), Hyderabad (HRO) and Mumbai (MRO). The Registered Office of the company is situated at Nellore Dist. in Andhra Pradesh.

Business division
The Company consists of five businesses (divisions), including:
Power Projects business (PPD), which provides EPC and BOP services for coal-based Thermal Power Plants and Gas-based Combined Cycle Power Plants.
Oil and Gas Equipments business (OGED), which designs and manufactures gas conditioning & metering skids, storage tanks, pipeline pig launching & receiving systems, gas processing complexes and gas compressor packages related to the oil and gas industry, and which began operations in 2001.
Air Fin Coolers business(AFC division), which designs and manufactures Air Fin Coolers which cool process fluids and gases used in the refining, petrochemical, and oil and gas industries, and which began operating in 1994
Environmental Engineering business (EED), which designs manufactures and provides Deaerators, Desalination plants, Water treatment plants and Effluent treatment plants, which have application in Power and Process plants and other Industrial plants, and which began operating in 1996.
Electrical Projects business (EPD), which designs supplies Electrical systems and equipment such as Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) substations, Optical Fiber Power Ground Wires (OPGW), Extra High Voltage substations and Transmission Lines to Power Stations, Refineries and Petrochemical plants, and which began operating in 2003

Order book as of August 2008 is close to  110 billion, and BGR Energy has entered the EPC space competing with the likes of BHEL. Recently it outbid BHEL in the RRVUNL 2x600 MW Kalisindh EPC project.

Manufacturing plant
It has manufacturing facilities in Panjetty, Tamil Nadu and in Andhra Pradesh.

Progen Systems and Technologies Ltd, a subsidiary of BGR Energy Systems Ltd, has a manufacturing plant in Tamil Nadu and it designs and manufactures Process equipments like Heat Exchangers, Pressure vessels, Reactors, Columns, Surface condensers, HP/LP Heaters and Boiler components.

GEA-BGR Energy Systems Ltd, a joint venture with GEA Energietechnik GmbH, Germany has manufacturing plant and manufactures online tube cleaning systems, debris separator, self-cleaning system/strainer, sponge cleaning balls for power and desalination plants worldwide.

Partnerships
BGR Energy Systems Ltd has tied up with power plant equipment manufacturer giant Hitachi for super-critical technology for boilers (steam generators), and turbines and generators.

BGR Turbines Company Pvt Ltd has signed a technical collaboration agreement and joint venture agreement with Hitachi Ltd, Japan' with equity participation of 74% by BGR Energy Systems Limited and 26% by Hitachi Limited., for super-critical steam turbine and generator from 660 MW to 1000 MW.

Another majority owned subsidiary BGR Boilers Pvt Ltd has signed a technical collaboration agreement and joint venture agreement with Hitachi Power Europe GmbH with equity participation of 70% by BGR Energy Systems Ltd and 30% by Hitachi Power Europe Gmbh for super-critical boilers from 660 MW to 1,100 MW.

See also
 BHEL
 Hitachi
 Engineering, procurement and construction
 Ministry of Power (India)
 Capital good

References

External links
  Price escalation article
  Company website
  Company news

Category:Companies based in Chennai
Category:Companies based in Tamil Nadu


2018 Wimbledon Championships – Wheelchair Women's Doubles

Yui Kamiji and Jordanne Whiley were the four-time defending champions, but Whiley did not participate this year, after giving birth to her son in January. Kamiji played alongside Diede de Groot and successfully defended the title, defeating Sabine Ellerbrock and Lucy Shuker in the final, 6–1, 6–1.

Seeds

  Diede de Groot /  Yui Kamiji (Champions)
  Marjolein Buis /  Aniek van Koot (Semifinals)

Draw

Finals

References

Sources
WC Women's Doubles

Women's Wheelchair Doubles
Category:Wimbledon Championship by year – Wheelchair Women's Doubles


Tommy Rose

Thomas Rose (1872–unknown) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Nottingham Forest.

References

Category:1872 births
Category:date of death unknown
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:English Football League players
Category:Heanor Town F.C. players
Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players


French ship Lune (1641)

The Lune was a 38-gun ship of the line of the French Royal Navy, the first ship of the line to be built at the new state dockyard at Île d'Indret near Nantes, designed by Deviot and constructed by the Dutch shipwright Jan Gron (usually called Jean de Werth in French). She and her sister Soleil were two-deckers, with a mixture of bronze guns on both gun decks.

The Lune took part in the Battle of Orbitello on 14 June 1646, as the flagship of Vice-amiral Louis Foucault de Saint-Germain-Beaupré,Comte de Daugnon, in the Battle of Castellammare on 21/22 December 1647, and in the Battle of Pertuis d'Antioche on 8 August 1652. She sailed on 9 November 1664 from Toulon for the Hyères Islands while carrying troops of the 1st Regiment of Picardy, but a half-hour after sailing she suddenly broke apart at the head and sank "like a marble", with only 60 survivors from over 600 aboard.

Sources and references

Nomenclature des Vaisseaux de Louis XIII et de la régence d'Anne d'Autriche, 1610 a 1661. Alain Demerliac (Editions Omega, Nice – 2004).
The Sun King's Vessels (2015) - Jean-Claude Lemineur; English translation by François Fougerat. Editions ANCRE.
Winfield, Rif and Roberts, Stephen (2017) French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. .

 Vaisseaux de Ligne Français de 1682 à 1780 1

Category:Ships of the line of the French Navy
Category:1640s ships


Matthew Skinner

Matthew Skinner (22 October 1689 – 21 October 1749) was an English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1734 to 1738.

Life
A great-grandson of Bishop Robert Skinner, Skinner was born on 22 October 1689, the third and youngest son of Robert Skinner of Welton, Northamptonshire, and of the Inner Temple. His father was judge of the Marshalsea court, and law reporter. Skinner entered Westminster School at the age of 14. Elected to a studentship at Christ Church, Oxford, he matriculated on 18 June 1709, and entered Lincoln's Inn on 20 June 1709.

Skinner was called to the bar on 21 April 1716, and joined the Oxford circuit. In 1719 he purchased from Simon Urling (later recorder of London), a place as one of the four common pleaders of the city of London, who then enjoyed the exclusive right and privilege of practising in the lord mayor's court. He was chosen as recorder of Oxford on 30 May 1721 and gave up his place as common pleader in 1722 to Thomas Garrard (later common serjeant of London).

Skinner's practice grew rapidly, and he was called to the rank of serjeant-at-law in Easter term, 1 February 1724, was made one of the king's serjeants on 11 June 1728, and became his majesty's prime (or first) serjeant by letters patent on 12 May 1734. He served as treasurer of Serjeants' Inn in 1728.

After trying unsuccessfully to enter parliament for  at the 1727 British general election, Skinner, who lived at Oxford from 1722 to 1739, was chosen Member of Parliament for the Oxford constituency at the general election of 1734. He was chosen as a Tory, but he soon went over to the Government. On 16 May 1737, he spoke in favour of the bill against the provost and city of Edinburgh after the Porteous riots.

Skinner was appointed chief justice of Chester, and of the great sessions for the counties of Flint, Denbigh, and Montgomery and vacated his seat in Parliament on 26 November 1738. He occupied this judicial position, together with the recordership of Oxford, for the rest of his life. He was the second counsel for the Crown in the prosecution of Jacobite rebels on the northern circuit in July 1746; and led for the crown at Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerinoch's trial in the House of Lords the same year.

Skinner died at Oxford on 21 October 1749, and was buried in Oxford Cathedral.

Works
Skinner published his father's Reports of Cases decided in the Court of King's Bench, 33 Charles II to 9 William III in 1728.

Family
Skinner married, in 1719, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Whitfield of Watford Place, Hertfordshire. His eldest son died on 8 April 1735; while another son, Matthew Skinner, was also a barrister of Lincoln's Inn.

Notes

Attribution

Category:1689 births
Category:1749 deaths
Category:Serjeants-at-law (England)
Category:English judges
Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Category:British MPs 1734–1741
Category:People educated at Westminster School, London
Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Category:Members of Lincoln's Inn


ReachOut.com

ReachOut.com is an internet service for young people that provides information, support and resources about mental health issues and enable them to develop resilience, increase coping skills, and facilitate help-seeking behaviour. The site contains information about issues affecting young people in the form of fact sheets, stories, podcasts and online forums.

History
ReachOut.com was launched in March 1998 as an initiative of Inspire Foundation (now known as ReachOut Australia) to help young people with their mental health. ReachOut.com has now expanded to the United States and Ireland.

ReachOut provides online support to young people going through tough times. It provides online resources like real stories and fact sheets which are written alongside young people, and a peer-support forum which is a space where young people can talk about mental health issues and receive support and help.

Site content

Writing style and tone
The majority of ReachOut is written in an informal tone to appeal to the younger audience. The writing is often broken up into smaller sections or contains lists, and is usually accompanied by an image.

Site authors
Young people play a key role in writing content and developing ReachOut. The service often partners with other health and community service organisations to provide accurate and current information. As the site is informational, users are referred to phone and web counselling services such as Kids Helpline and Lifeline.

Services Linked With ReachOut.com
Reach Out.com has expanded its website to include new services.

ReachOut Central
ReachOut Central is a "serious" game that works interactively to help young people explore how thinking, behaviour and feelings interact with each other. A series of real life scenarios allow users to discover how the way they think and feel can positively influence their behaviour (or vice versa) and the impact this has on the outcome of situations. The information provided in the game links with information provided on ReachOut.com through the format of tips and tricks and links to fact sheets.

On September 17, 2007 ReachOut Central launched as a full version game after a successful run with the pilot program with limited scenarios. The current version of the game allows for further expansion in additional scenarios that can be scripted and updated when new information is made available.

Within two weeks of launching ReachOut Central was nominated and eventually named as a winner in the Changemakers.net Why Games Matter Competition. The announcement of the win with two other games was made on November 8, 2007. The interactive game was the only Australian game nominated.

ReachOut Central also came runner-up in the Health Category of the Stockholm Challenge Awards for 2008. ReachOut Central was one of the 19 finalists chosen from across the world under the Health Category of the Awards. The Stockholm Challenge Awards is an international award that inspires and challenges the information and technology industries to create social and sustainable benefits for individuals and communities through their projects.

ReachOut Community Forum
The online forum lets young people share what is happening in their lives, in a safe environment moderated by staff and trained moderators.  The forums are not a counselling service but often help to refer young people to information and services. They are also a way for ReachOut.com users to connect to each other and find others they can share similar experiences with.

ReachOut Teachers' Network
Launched in April 2007, the ReachOut Teachers’ Network connects secondary school teachers with the ReachOut service by providing classroom lessons on issues that young people may face within the curriculum areas in schools.

ReachOut Pro
The ReachOut.com Professionals service targets professionals dealing with young people and mental health by providing an online source of information and resources. The provision of these resources aims to provide a way for a range of professionals to engage young people in the treatment and maintenance of better mental health outcomes.

ReachOut Youth Involvement
All of ReachOut Australia's programs have input from young people, all of whom are volunteers. ReachOut has over 100 Youth Ambassadors from around Australia, and it is these young people who have input to the development of the website, and activities in which ReachOut partakes. The work the young people undertake ranges from administration tasks in the central office, to presentations for the service and moderation of the ReachOut Community Forums.

ReachOut Parents
In May 2016 ReachOut introduced a new free online service for parents who want to help but would like to know more about topics such as bullying, self-esteem, anxiety, and social media. A recent study found that 70% of teenagers do not access support, and if they do, most will turn to their parents first. ReachOut Parents provides practical support to encourage effective communication between parents and young people aged 12–18 years.

Awards
 Gold Harold for Health & Medicine, Life Education 2013
 Best Not for Profit Site, SiteCore Site of the Year Awards (ANZ) 2013
  Inspire Foundation (ReachOut.com) awarded for excellence in suicide prevention within social media in 2014

See also
 Depression (mood)
 Eating disorder
 Health promotion
 Mental health
 Substance abuse prevention
 Youth health

External links
 ReachOut.com
 ReachOut.com Professionals
 ReachOut Central
 About ReachOut Australia

References

Reach Out!
Category:Mental health organisations in Australia


Parva

Parva may refer to:

 PARVA, a gene
 The 18 parvas, books or chapters of the Mahabharata
 Parva (band), name of English band Kaiser Chiefs from 2000 to 2003
 Parva (2002 film), a Kannada language film by Sunil Kumar Desai
 Parva (2017 film), a Nepali film
 Parva (food), a class of Colombian baked goods
 Parva (novel), a 1979 novel by S.L Bhyrappa
 Parva, a crustacean larval form, found in shrimp
 La Parva, a town and ski resort near Santiago, Chile
 Parva, Bistrița-Năsăud (), a commune in Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania

Place names in England
There are several locations where one settlement is named "Magna" and another nearby "Parva". In this context, magna and parva are the Latin terms for "great" and "little" respectively. Examples include Appleby Magna and Appleby Parva in Leicestershire, Ash Magna and Ash Parva in Shropshire, and Dalton Magna and Dalton Parva in South Yorkshire.

See also

 Pareve, sometimes pronounced parva, classification of food in the laws of kashrut


Center of International Studies

The Center of International Studies (CIS) was a research center that was part of Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs in Princeton, New Jersey.  It was founded in 1951 by six scholars who came to Princeton from Yale Institute of International Studies under the leadership of the center's first director, Frederick S. Dunn.  By 1999, its stated mission was to "promote world peace and mutual understanding among nations by supporting scholarship in international relations and national development" and to "support analysis of abiding questions in international security and political economy".  In 2003, the center was merged with the university's regional studies programs to form the considerably larger Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.

History
The Yale Institute of International Studies had existed since 1935, but during 1950–51, ran into a conflict with the new President of Yale University, A. Whitney Griswold, who felt that scholars should conduct research as individuals rather than in cooperative groups and who thought that the institute should do more historical, detached analysis rather than focus on current issues and recommendations on policy.  In addition there was some personal animosity involved, related to Griswold believing that institute members had argued against his receiving tenure.

In April 1951, the longtime director of the Yale institute, Frederick Sherwood Dunn (who was a Princeton alumnus), together with five of his political science colleagues – Percy Corbett, Gabriel Almond, Klaus Knorr, William Kaufmann, and Bernard C. Cohen – all left Yale and came to Princeton.  With the goal of strengthening international studies within the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the Center of International Studies was thus created.   It was initially funded by donations, including a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, which had also sponsored the Yale institute.  Dunn became the first director of the new body.  The President of Princeton University, Harold W. Dodds, said that the new center would focus its attentions on the problems of foreign policy and conflicting national policies, would work with the U.S. State Department and other governmental agencies, and declared that, "Basic research in the foreign policies and behavior of nations is just as essential as research in physical science and engineering if the United States is to achieve security and avoid catastrophic total war."

The news of the shift from Yale to Princeton made the front page of The New York Times.  Dodds used a metaphor from American football to summarize the events: "Yale fumbled and Princeton recovered the ball."  The new center became known as the continuation of the old Yale institute, and terms such as "migration" or "moved" have been used.  One government publication later termed the center a "reincarnation".

The creation of the center was part of a group of such research facilities that came into being in the aftermath of World War II to pursue international security studies.  Another was Columbia University's Institute of War and Peace Studies, also created in 1951 and whose founding director, William T. R. Fox, had been associate director of the Yale Institute of International Studies but had departed a year earlier.  Indeed, both Fox and his wife, Annette Baker Fox, had also been listed as coming to the Center of International Studies as part-time research associates, leading to some accounts increasing the total number coming to Princeton from Yale from six to seven or eight.  She did work for the center during 1951–57 while he was there only during 1951–52. More important was the influence he had at Columbia; some of the Princeton center's research scholars who were hired later in the early 1950s, such as Warner R. Schilling and Roger Hilsman, would later end up at the Columbia institute.

Integration with the existing political science department at Princeton was not always smooth, for Dodds had not apprised them in advance of the newcomers. Due to this Almond fairly soon departed, and Kaufman and Cohen left later in the decade as well.

Subsequent directors of the Center of International Studies were Knorr, who served in the position from 1960 to 1968, and history professor Cyril E. Black, from 1968 to 1985.  Henry Bienen served as director until 1992, when John Waterbury took over.  He served in that role until around 1997–98, when Michael W. Doyle took it over until 2001.   Aaron Friedberg served as acting director, and then director, of the center, culminating in 2002–03.  Continued funding from the center came from a variety of Princeton sources, outside grants from foundations, and from research-related federal agencies.  Beginning in 1970, a grant from the Fund for Peace sponsored the Compton fellowship, named after a Princeton student killed in World War II and whose parents created the fund.

The center also took over from the Yale institute the sponsorship of the quarterly academic journal World Politics. Dunn served as chair of its editorial board for a period and Knorr served as it editor for a decade.  By 1975, it was ranked the highest in quality of over sixty journals in its field.

Both the Yale Institute and the Princeton Center have been considered bastions of international relations realism although influential academic organizer Kenneth W. Thompson saw the Princeton center as a growing home for behaviorism.  As the RAND Corporation, formed around the same time, took the lead in security studies, the center helped forge a bridge between RAND and academia.  Over time, the center's work developed into a multidisciplinary approach that used cross-cultural studies, and its researchers included not just political scientists but also historians, economists, and sociologists.

In addition to the directors, other scholars of note to work in the center included Richard A. Falk.  Black and Falk edited a multi-volume study, The Future of the International Legal Order, beginning in 1969, that combined the efforts of over three dozen scholars from nearly as many institutions; it would win an award from the American Society of International Law in 1973.  By 1978, some 90 books had been published in connection with the center, with half coming from scholars outside of Princeton.  In some cases, limited teaching responsibilities enabled the researchers to focus their efforts on producing books.  The title of one book, 1960's The Politics of the Developing Areas, was responsible for spreading that term into the academic world.

By 1999, the center consisted of some sixty-five faculty associates, who belonged to several different departments within the university, and about ten visiting fellows at any given time.

In 2003, the Center of International Studies was merged with the Council on Regional Studies, which had been an interdepartmental organization of regional study programs, to form the considerably larger Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.  University President Shirley M. Tilghman said that, "This new institute will build on two long-established areas of strength at Princeton to bring an even greater global perspective to teaching and research at this University".   The first director of the new institute was a Latin American studies scholar. The new institute continued to sponsor the World Politics journal.

References

External links
 Archived official website of Center of International Studies from 1999
 Archived official website of Center of International Studies from 2003

Category:Princeton University
Category:Research institutes in the United States
Category:Educational institutions established in 1951
Category:1951 establishments in New Jersey


Canterwood Crest

Canterwood Crest is a series of novels by author Jessica Burkhart, premiering with the 2009 book Take the Reins. The series follows young student Sasha Silver as she enters  Canterwood Crest Academy, an elite school housing highly competitive equestrian riders. While attending Canterwood, Sasha encounters a disparate collection of students, including the snobbish alpha rider, Heather Fox, and eventual love interest named Jacob. As events transpire, the team members attempt to work together amidst a slew of personality clashes and romantic conflicts. In the later books, the series switches focus to new characters Drew Adams and Lauren Towers.

Overview
Former Connecticut student Sasha Silver plans to join the school's equestrian team. However, she is met with resistance from three popular members known as the "Trio" (Heather, Julia, and Alison), who view her as a threat to their social status. Internal conflict sets the stage for the story, with the initial focus being Sasha's efforts to make the team and sustain her morale and good academics. In the midst of things,  Jacob begins to earn her romantic attention. But eventually starts a fight with her bff Callie that changes everything However, other romantic interests also enter the story, leading to love triangles and other personal matters.

Background

Burkhart was inspired by a combination of equestrian experience during her youth and a fondness for writing as she grew older. After much of her freelance work was published by numerous magazines, she entered 2006's National Novel Writing Month and completed a first draft of Take the Reins. In January 2007, a literary agent offered to read the story after viewing the author's blog. Burkhart was later signed by the agent, which eventually led to a four-book deal with Simon & Schuster.

While promoting the first novel, Burkhart maintained an online presence throughout 2008, blogging and vlogging with regard to the production of her work and the publishing process. In April, the author reported that photoshoots for her covers had been set in motion. By September, Burkhart had received an advance reader copy of Take the Reins while working on the subsequent novels.

In December, it was announced that an additional four novels would gradually follow the fourth book, Triple Fault. Later in the month, an online video trailer for Take the Reins was released, featuring photos of scenery and the character models. Trailers for other releases followed.

Characters
Sasha Silver — a girl who comes to Canterwood Crest. Sasha used to ride at Briar Creek in Union. She has a horse named Charm. She also loves lip gloss. She is from a small town called Union and is usually teased about being from a small town by Heather Fox. Her roomie and BFF is Paige Parker. Sasha soon meets a boy named Jacob, who she has a huge crush on. That's how their relationship was started until they broke up at the Sweetheart Soiree in Chasing Blue (book two). After Heather Fox tormented and tried to break Sasha and Jacob up. Sasha is 7th grade and does not like Biology.

Callie Harper — Sasha's best friend, who clicked with Sasha in book one. Before Callie started at Canterwood, she rode for the elite New England Saddle Club. She also has a horse named Black Jack. Later in the series, Sasha and Callie are no longer friends but only teammates. She ended up missing out on a spot in YENT at first because of Jacob, who she had a relationship with. Callie and Sasha eventually become best friends again.

Heather Fox — A cruel teammate and friend, Heather Fox is not someone to be enemies with. She hates Sasha at first, but begins to like her throughout the series. The leader of the clique called 'The Trio'. She has a horse named Aristocrat. She is very serious about riding and despises Jasmine King. She is a ring leader of trouble and plots plans to break Jacob and Sasha up in the beginning of the series. Heather's parents put a lot of pressure on her to get good grades and win horse shows.

Julia Myer — second member of 'The Trio'. Friendships come second to her, riding being the first. Her and Alison are somewhat "sidekicks" of Heather. She has a horse named Trix. Julia gets expelled from Canterwood Crest after creating a blog, in Scandals, Rumors, Lies after she was not picked for the YENT team.

Alison Robb — the third member of 'The Trio'. She's very quiet, but she observes everyone and everything around her with great detail. She and Julia are somewhat "sidekicks" of Heather. Alison is a lot kinder to Sasha and her friends than Julia. She has a horse named Sunstruck.

Jasmine King — a mean girl who Sasha and the Canterwood gang met one day at a show. She takes great delight in insulting students from Canterwood Crest. She has a horse named Phoenix. She will do anything to win, even putting her horse at risk.

Jacob Schwartz — A kind, charming, thoughtful boy that Sasha meets at Canterwood Crest. She has a very big crush on him. he likes her and ends up sitting right next to her in Mr. Ramirez's class. He is afraid of horses. Jacob has an on-off relationship with Sasha, but in Unfriendly Competition, has a permanent relationship with Sasha.

Eric Rodriguez — another boy Sasha meets. They both become good friends, as Eric is a mid-year transfer student. Eric has a relationship with Sasha, but they break up in Little White Lies after he catches Jacob kissing Sasha in her dorm. They agree to still be friends and later in the series Eric help Jacob do something for Sasha. Eric is a rider, but doesn't own a horse, only riding a school one; Luna.

Paige Parker — Sasha's roommate, and other best friend. They both met in Take the Reins but things got out of hand and Paige moved out. Paige now lives with Geena in her dorm. Paige stars in a show called "Teen Cuisine" as she always baked goodies for Sasha.

Brittany "Brit" Chan — Sasha's roommate in Orchard Hall. She arrives in Elite Ambition and is called the new "IT" girl. She specializes in dressage and clicks with Sasha in day one. She is a transfer student. She is also from a small town, like Sasha, which is why they click as friends so fast.

Lauren Towers - a straight-A student who works hard at everything. She loves decorating her dorm in soft colors and loves the decor. Lauren has had an accident in the past, but nothing is going to stop her. She looks up to Sasha and is best friends with Khloe, Lexa, Clare, Brielle, and Ana. Her boyfriend is Drew Adams, and her ex-boyfriend is Taylor. She loves tea; her favorite kind being Sugar Cookie Sleigh Ride from the Seasonal Collection. She owns a gray mare, Whisper.  Whisper is a Hanoverian. Lauren is the main character after Sasha graduates from 8th grade and moves up to high school at canterwood.

Khloe Kinsella — Lauren's friend, and a drama queen. She loves acting and wants her name to be on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Khloe is loyal to her friends, and fierce and is the person to keep Lauren laughing. Khloe is Lauren's dorm room-mate. she also owns a horse named Ever, a Hanoverian Mare. Khloe and ever have a great bond.

Lexa Reed - one of the sweetest girls on campus, Lexa is serious about riding but never gets competitive with her friends. She and Lauren share an addiction with Hob Nobs. Lexa previously lived in London. She owns a horse named Honor, a Strawberry Roan mare.

Clare Bryant — best friends with Khloe and Riley, and is often caught stuck-in-the-middle whenever Riley and Khloe are not getting along with each other. Which is all the time. She's a great mediator and the kind of girl who's a true friend. She can never stand to be away from her gelding; Fuego.

Riley Edwards — Riley is enemy number one at Canterwood. She and Lauren have never gotten along. She is tough in the arena and lets everyone know she means business. Like Khloe, she loves acting. The shared love of theater with Khloe causes some serious off-stage drama between Riley and Khloe. She owns her own horse named Adonis who is a gray gelding. who is really mean.

Taylor Frost — Lauren's ex-boyfriend from Yates Preparatory Academy in Union, Connecticut. He makes an unexpected appearance and makes someone mad.

Brielle Monaco — Lauren's best friend from Yates Preparatory School, and in Union. She makes an unexpected appearance at the unlikeliest place of all.

Carina Johansson — a transfer student from Sweden. She came over to CCA, to train with Mr. Conner in the foreign exchange program. She excels in dressage, but when Lauren and Khloe dig into Carina's past, they realize there is more than meets the eye. They become good friends when they bond over their love of horses and dressage.

References

Category:Novel series


5-MeO-2-TMT

5-Methoxy-2,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT, 5-MeO-TMT) is a psychoactive drug of the tryptamine chemical class which acts as a psychedelic. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book TiHKAL ("Tryptamines i Have Known And Loved"). 5-MeO-TMT is claimed to show psychoactive effects at a dosage of 75-150 mg orally, but these are relatively mild compared to those of other similar compounds. This suggests that while the methyl group on the 2-position of the molecule has impaired the binding of metabolic enzymes like monoamine oxidase (MAO), it is also interfering with binding to and/or activation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, the target responsible for mediating the hallucinogenic effects of such compounds.

See also
 2,N,N-Trimethyltryptamine (2,N,N-TMT)
 5-MeO-7-TMT

References

External links
 5-MeO-TMT Entry in TIHKAL
 5-MeO-TMT Entry in TiHKAL • info

Category:Psychedelic tryptamines
Category:Designer drugs


Tiffany Stansbury

Tiffany Stansbury (born January 16, 1983 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American professional basketball player in the WNBA.

The daughter of former NBA player Terence Stansbury, Tiffany Stansbury attended college at NC State and graduated in 2006. Following her collegiate career, she was selected 29th overall in the 2006 WNBA Draft by the Houston Comets.

Stansbury spent the 2006 WNBA season with the Los Angeles Sparks, appearing in 4 games.  A late pre-season cut by the Sparks in 2007, Stansbury signed with Minnesota on May 25.

In 30 games with the Lynx, Stansbury averaged 4.3 points and 4.3 rebounds per game. Tiffany Stansbury also played 10 seasons in Europe (France, Italy, and Czech Republic) and Asia (Turkey).

Stansbury is married to Margot (Tracy) Stansbury

North Carolina State statistics
Source

Notes

External links
WNBA Player Profile
WNBA Prospect Profile

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Basketball players from Pennsylvania
Category:Centers (basketball)
Category:Junior college women's basketball players in the United States
Category:Los Angeles Sparks players
Category:Minnesota Lynx players
Category:NC State Wolfpack women's basketball players
Category:Sportspeople from Philadelphia


Scipione Borghese, 10th Prince of Sulmona

Prince Luigi Marcantonio Francesco Rodolfo Scipione Borghese, commonly known as Scipione Borghese (11 September 1871, Migliarino – 18 November 1927, Florence), was an Italian aristocrat, industrialist, politician, explorer, mountain climber and racing driver belonging to the House of Borghese.

He is best known for participating in (and winning) the Peking to Paris race in 1907, accompanied by the journalist Luigi Barzini Sr. and  Ettore Guizardi, the prince's chauffeur, who apparently did most of the driving.  Nevertheless, before 1907 he had already become known internationally as a traveller, explorer, diplomat and mountain climber.  In 1900 he had finished a journey in Asia from Beirut to the Pacific Ocean. His book In Asia: Siria, Eufrate, Babilonia (In Asia:  Syria, Euphrates, Babylon), published in 1903 and which proved a success, describes his journey from Beirut to Basra and the head of the Persian Gulf.  Subsequently he also completed a journey across China, recounted in another book.

Tall and abstemious, he was a man of few words, cold, with calm and measured manners, and with great self-control.  He was a deputy of the Partito Radicale in the Italian parliament of 1904 to 1913, fought bravely in the First World War, and began important improvement works in the "Agro Romano".

Family
Borghese was the eldest son of Paolo, 9th Prince of Sulmona (1845–1920) and his wife Ilona, Countess Apponyi de Nagy-Appony. He was twice married, firstly to Anna Maria de Ferrari (23 March 1874 – 25 November 1924), daughter of Gaetano, duca di Ferrari by his wife Maria Annenkov, on 23 May 1895, and they had two daughters.  His second marriage to Teodora Martini on 8 August 1926 produced no issue.  He was succeeded in the title Prince of Sulmona by his brother Livio Borghese, 11th Prince of Sulmona (1874–1939), second son of the 9th Prince.

Children
 Santa Borghese (1 November 1897 Île de France, Paris – 13 April 1997 Rome). She married on 4 July 1925 at Isola Borghese, Lago di Garda, Astorre Hercolani, 9º principe Hercolani. They have 7 children with an A beginning surname.
 Livia Borghese (4 March 1901 Île de France, Paris  – 14 December 1969 Bologna, nine months after the death of her husband); she married on 30 December 1930 at Isola Borghese, Lago di Garda, Alessandro, conte Cavazza (1895–1969), by whom she had three sons (the eldest apparently born in 1922, or eight years before her marriage), and several descendants.

Sources
This page is a translation of its Italian counterpart.

External links

Category:Italian explorers
Category:Italian businesspeople
Category:Italian travel writers
Category:Italian male writers
Category:Italian military personnel of World War I
Category:Italian mountain climbers
Category:Italian racing drivers
Category:Italian diplomats
Scipione
Category:1871 births
Category:1927 deaths
Category:People from the Province of Ferrara
Category:20th-century Italian politicians
Category:International Olympic Committee members


The Economically Handicapped

The Economically Handicapped (Spanish: Los económicamente débiles) is a 1960 Spanish comedy film directed by Pedro Lazaga and starring Tony Leblanc, Laura Valenzuela and Antonio Ozores.

Cast
 Tony Leblanc as José Martín Rodríguez
 Laura Valenzuela as Ana Molina García
 Antonio Ozores as Paco Molina García
 José Luis López Vázquez as Javier
 Maruja Bustos as Nuria Molina García
 Venancio Muro as Timoteo
 Julio Riscal as Pichurri
 Mayrata O'Wisiedo
 Santiago Ríos
 Jesús Puente as Examinador Escuela de Entrenadores
 Juan Cazalilla
 Ena Sedeño
 Francisco Bernal
 Charito Trallero
 Francisco Vázquez
 Margarita Gil
 Fernando Sánchez Polack
 Francisco Pierrá
 José Villasante
 Beni Deus
 Enrique Collar as Himself
 Antonio Martínez
 Emilio Rodríguez
 Carlos Martínez Campos
 Guillermo Hidalgo
 Joaquín Pamplona
 Rafael Hernández as Fan del Cantalazo
 Goyo Lebrero
 Pablo Sanz
 Jaime Mayuca
 Calero Parra
 Antonio Delgado
 José Luis Ayuso
 Rosa Cadenas
 Felixin Yuste
 Rafael Cortés
 Conchita Gil
 Pedro Antonio Jiménez
 Santiago Kuo
 Otilia Escudero
 Urrutia
 Francisco Castillo
 Mary Escudero
 Antonio Martín
 Serafín García Vázquez
 Mari Carmen Alarcón
 Juan Ignacio Galván
 Enrique Núñez
 María Becedas
 Isidro Torres
 Marisa Paredes
 Fernando Salas
 Eugenio Dicente
 Rosa Navarro
 Antonio Linares
 José Rodríguez Rey
 Irene Villamor
 Aresi
 Carlos Chamelar
 Maruja Navajas
 Alfredo Taular
 F. Pérez Vázquez
 Elisa Méndez
 Gonzalo Zamora
 Angelines Beoni
 José María Lado
 Elva de Bethancourt

References

Bibliography
 Bentley, Bernard. A Companion to Spanish Cinema. Boydell & Brewer, 2008.

External links

Category:1960s comedy films
Category:Spanish comedy films
Category:1960 films
Category:Spanish films
Category:Spanish-language films
Category:Films directed by Pedro Lazaga
Category:Films produced by Ricardo Sanz


Vladislav Misyak

Vladislav Misyak (; born 15 July 1995 in Kyustendil) is a Bulgarian footballer currently playing as a winger for Montana.

Career

Levski Sofia
Born in Kyustendil, Misyak began playing football at the local club FC Buzludzha, before joining Levski Sofia at the age of 13.

He made his first team debut in a 2–0 league win over Botev Plovdiv on 22 March 2014.

Neftochimic Burgas
On 11 January 2016 he signed for B Group team Neftochimic Burgas.

Arda Kardzhali
On 21 June 2017, after a season in Lokomotiv Sofia, he joined Third League club Arda Kardzhali.

Statistics
As of 20 December 2015

References

External links

 Profile at LevskiSofia.info

Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Bulgarian footballers
Category:Bulgaria youth international footballers
Category:Association football wingers
Category:First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Category:PFC Levski Sofia players
Category:Neftochimic Burgas players
Category:FC Arda Kardzhali players
Category:PFC Montana players
Category:People from Kyustendil


Lombardsijde

Lombardsijde, also Lombartzyde, is a district in the Belgian municipality of Middelkerke in West Flanders province, in northwestern Belgium near Nieuwpoort.

Fighting occurred in and around Lombardsijde during World War I.

Notes

References
 Merriam-Webster's Geographic Dictionary, Third Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1997. .

Category:Populated places in West Flanders
Category:Populated places in Belgium
Category:Sub-municipalities of Middelkerke


Bill Jenkins (epidemiologist)

William Carter Jenkins (July 26, 1945 – February 17, 2019) was an African American public health researcher and academic.

Early life
He is best-known as the  U.S. government epidemiologist who tried in 1969 to bring to public attention the Tuskegee syphilis experiment. He spent the rest of his career fighting racism in the U.S. healthcare system, working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the early days of the AIDS crisis, and overseeing the government benefits program for survivors of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.

Jenkins trained as a mathematician at historically black Morehouse College and then biostatistics at Georgetown University. He was one of the first cadre of African Americans recruited to the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps in the 1960s. In 1980 he joined the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases at the CDC, where he was a Supervisory Epidemiologist and manager of the Tuskegee Health Benefit Program.

He later taught in the Epidemiology department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and at Morehouse College in Atlanta Georgia. He served as co-director of the UNC Minority Health Project.

Further reading

References

Category:Morehouse College alumni
Category:Georgetown University alumni
Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Category:People from Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
Category:1945 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention people
Category:United States Public Health Service personnel
Category:American epidemiologists
Category:20th-century African-American activists
Category:African-American academics
Category:African-American mathematicians
Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
Category:Morehouse College faculty


HTC Desire

The HTC Desire (codenamed Bravo) is the first smartphone of the Desire series developed by HTC. It was announced on 16 February 2010 and released in Europe and Australia in the second quarter of the same year. The HTC Desire was HTC's third flagship phone running Android 2.1 Eclair which can be upgraded to 2.2 Froyo or 2.3 Gingerbread. Internally it bears a strong resemblance to the Nexus One, but differs in some features.

Availability
In the United States, the device was available from Alltel, U.S. Cellular, Cellular South, Cox Wireless, nTelos Wireless, Cellcom, and United Wireless in southwest Kansas. In Canada, the device was released by Telus Mobility on 6 August 2010.

In Europe, the carriers were Elisa in Finland, Vodafone UK, Vodafone Ireland, Meteor Irl, BT Broadband Anywhere, T-Mobile UK, O2, Orange UK, 3, and Virgin Mobile UK. In Australia, it is exclusive to Telstra. In Japan, Softbank Mobile started sales in April. In Turkey, Vodafone started sales in late November 2010.

In South Korea, SK Telecom began sales in May 2010.

In Singapore, the official launch date was 14 May 2010, and the phone was subsequently for sale by all carriers.

In mainland China, HTC launched its four flagship smartphones including the Desire on 27 July 2010. Unlike in other markets, the device was shipped with Android 2.2 ("Froyo").

Many of the UK mobile networks were unable to keep up with demand; Virgin Mobile UK, Vodafone UK, 3, T-Mobile UK and Orange UK experienced very high demand. The disruption caused by the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull led to some customers waiting a month getting their HTC Desires due to much of European airspace being closed.

In India, HTC and TATA DOCOMO, the GSM brand of Tata Teleservices Limited, announced a partnership to launch HTC Desire in India on 16 August 2010.

Hardware

The phone uses a 1 GHz ARMv7 "Snapdragon" processor, includes a 5 megapixel auto-focus camera and an optical trackpad, and was among the first consumer devices to feature a large, full-color active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) display.

During late Q2 2010, HTC made the decision to switch the Desire's display to a S-LCD panel, manufactured by the company S-LCD a co-operative between Sony and Samsung. Although this was brought on by a severe AMOLED panel supply shortfall, the new display greatly enhances text readability because of its improved effective resolution, one of the few complaints people had with the original Desire model. Compared to the original AMOLED display, the SLCD display has more accurate colour reproduction, far less susceptibility to burn-in, similar peak brightness and very good viewing angles, but a lower contrast ratio. The new SLCD display was claimed to have similar or better power efficiency compared with the original AMOLED display; however, this has proved to not always be the case because with AMOLED pixels' ability to completely turn off, black or dark pixels use very little power. However, in situations when the screen is predominantly bright (such as when viewing many web pages), the AMOLED display uses more power.

The hardware is capable of high-definition (720p) video recording and playback; the 720p video recording feature has been added to the HTC Desire when updating to the official HTC modified Android 2.2 firmware.

Software
The Desire was shipped with Android 2.1. HTC made an update to Android 2.2 (codenamed "Froyo") available on the following dates:
 Europe: 1 August 2010
 SE Asia: 30 August 2010
 India: 1 September 2010
 Japan: 8 October 2010
 US: 8 February 2011

HTC has released a software update to upgrade the Desire to Android 2.3 (Gingerbread). Originally, they planned to do this in June 2011. On 14 June 2011, HTC announced via Facebook that there would be no Gingerbread update for the HTC Desire, citing memory constraints. This is because HTC had been unable to fit both Gingerbread and HTC Sense together in the phone's 250 MB system partition. However, on 15 June, they released a statement saying the Desire would receive the Gingerbread update, with the possibility of some apps being cut. The update was finally released for download from HTC's developer website on 1 August 2011, and is not available as an OTA (over-the-air) update.

Comparison with Nexus One

The Desire internally bears a strong resemblance to the Nexus One. The differences found in the Desire are:
A different body shell
An optical trackpad in place of the trackball
Hardware function buttons instead of touch-sensitive buttons
FM radio activated (FM radio in Nexus One is disabled by default but can be activated through hacked firmware)
No second microphone for enhanced noise cancellation
No dock pin connectors, instead micro-USB is used
576 MB DRAM instead of 512 MB DRAM
Dual band HSPA/WCDMA: 900/2100, 850/2100 or 850/1900 MHz depending on vendor instead of 850/1900/2100 tri-band
HTC Sense Android skin (not present in the Nexus One)
All support and updates directly through HTC rather than partially through Google

Because of the strong similarity to the Nexus One "developer phone", the Desire enjoys a highly active third-party developer community. The Desire subforum was one of the most active at xda-developers, and notably CyanogenMod and MIUI are available for the device.

Reception
The HTC Desire received extremely positive reviews. CNET UK reviewed awarded the phone 9.2/10. TechRadar awarded the phone 5 out of 5 stars and stated, "In short, this is a phenomenal phone—one of the best we've ever had."

From TechRadar's "Top 15 best mobile phones in the world", the HTC Desire is simply the best so far: "It's like a Nexus One only better. For this reason, the HTC Desire has entered our top 10 at number 1, and the Google Nexus One has dropped out completely. It's tough at the top." MobileTechWorld found the HTC Desire to be a fairly capable product that "manages to please casual users with HTC’s flashy Sense UI and geeks who love to tweak their handsets on a daily basis thanks to the Google’s Android OS".

See also
 Comparison of smartphones

References

External links

Desire
Category:Android (operating system) devices
Category:Smartphones
Category:Mobile phones introduced in 2010