List of Shaman King episodes

The episodes of the Shaman King anime series are based on the manga of the same name written by Hiroyuki Takei. They are directed by Seiji Mizushima and produced by Xebec.
The plot follows the adventures of a Shaman boy named Yoh Asakura participates in the shaman fights in order to become the Shaman King.

The episodes were aired between July 4, 2001 and September 25, 2002 on TV Tokyo in Japan and spanned sixty-four episodes. 4Kids Entertainment licensed the Shaman King anime where it premiered on FoxBox on September 6, 2003. The final episode aired on September 3, 2005. As of November 2018, it is currently unlicensed.

The episodes were collected into sixteen DVD compilations by King Records and released between  October 30, 2001 and January 22, 2003. The DVDs were later collected and released in three box sets between August 27, 2008 and December 25, 2008. Five DVD compilations of the uncut version with an English dub have been released by 4Kids Entertainment with distribution by Funimation between October 19, 2004 and May 31, 2005. The series has yet to get a Blu-ray release of any kind.

Five themes of music were used throughout the series. The opening themes are "Over Soul" from episodes one to thirty four, and Northern Lights onwards towards the end; both were by Megumi Hayashibara. The three ending themes are "Trust You" from episodes one to thirty four by Hayashibara,  from episodes thirty five to sixty three also by Hayashibara, and  for the final episode by Yūko Satō. Several CDs that contain the theme music and other tracks have been released by King records.

Episodes

Theme songs
Openings
"Over Soul"
July 4, 2001 - February 27, 2002
Lyricist: MEGUMI / Composer: Go Takahashi / Arranger: Go Takahashi / Singers: Megumi Hayashibara (Starchild Records)
Episode Range: 1-34
"Northern Lights"
March 6, 2002 - September 25, 2002
Lyricist: MEGUMI / Composer: Go Takahashi / Arranger: Go Takahashi / Singers: Megumi Hayashibara (Starchild Records)
Episode Range: 35-64

Endings
"Trust You"
July 4, 2001 - February 27, 2002
Lyricist: MEGUMI / Composer: Go Takahashi / Arranger: Go Takahashi / Singers: Megumi Hayashibara (Starchild Records)
Episode Range: 1-34

March 6, 2002 - September 18, 2002
Lyricist: MEGUMI / Composer: Go Takahashi / Arranger: Go Takahashi / Singers: Megumi Hayashibara (Starchild Records)
Episode Range: 35-63

September 25, 2002
Singers: Yuko Sato
Episode Range: 64

References

Shaman King


Belgrano Department

Belgrano Department may refer to:
Belgrano Department, San Luis
Belgrano Department, Santa Fe
Belgrano Department, Santiago del Estero

Category:Department name disambiguation pages
pt:Belgrano (departamento)


Kalena Bovell

Kalena Bovell is an American conductor. Bovell is of both African-American and Hispanic heritage. She is currently conducting at the Memphis Symphony Orchestra.

Biography
Bovell grew up in Los Angeles after moving there from Panama. Her parents immigrated from Central America and worked hard to support their family. She first found out about classical music when she was eleven and her first "private lesson" occurred when she was 18. Bovell played the violin. She discovered her love of conducting at Chapman University which she graduated from in 2009. She attended graduate school at The Hartt School.

Work
Bovell has worked as the Orchestra Director at the Loomis Chaffee School and in 2015 staged the Swan Princess, an adaptation of Swan Lake by Tchaikovsky.

In 2017, the Chicago Tribune wrote that her skill at conducting  Slavonic Dances: Opus 46 No. 2 and Opus 72 No. 7 by Antonín Dvořák was "brilliant."

Bovell became the assistant conductor for the Memphis Symphony Orchestra in 2019.

Currently, Bovell is the only African-American and Hispanic conductor in the United States.

References

External links

Moody Minute with Kalena Bovella

Category:American conductors (music)
Category:Women conductors (music)
Category:African-American classical musicians
Category:People from Los Angeles
Category:American violinists
Category:Chapman University alumni
Category:The Hartt School alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Wren & Martin

Wren & Martin refers to a single book High School English Grammar and Composition or collectively, a series of English grammar textbooks written jointly by P. C. Wren and H. Martin. Written primarily for the children of British officers residing in India, these books were widely adopted by Indian and Pakistani schools in the post-colonial era and missionary schools in Burma. The books were published in 1935, with a discussion on composition added later. The content in the books is largely based on The Manual of English Grammar and Composition by J. C. Nesfield.

Other books in this series are Elementary English Grammar, A First Book of English Grammar and Composition, High School English Grammar and Composition and A Final Course of Grammar & Composition. The series of textbooks is still in use at many Indian schools.  While semantic change has dated the original books, they continue to enjoy considerable popularity and updated versions are now in common use. Copies of the different versions of this series are available online.

References

Category:English books
Category:1935 non-fiction books
Category:Composition


Gento

Gento may refer to:

 Gento (son of Genseric) (died 477), the fourth and youngest son of Genseric, the founder of the Vandal kingdom in Africa
 Gento (Goth), 5th century Gothic soldier in Eastern Roman service
 Francisco Gento (born 1933), a former Spanish football player
 Francisco Llorente Gento (born 1965), a former Spanish football player

See also
 Gentoo Linux, a computer operating system based on the Linux kernel


Carmine (surname)

Carmine is a surname.  Notable people with the name include:
Michael Carmine (1959–1989), American actor
Laura Carmine (born 1983), Puerto Rican-born actress
Fictional characters
 Anthony Carmine, character from Gears of War video game
 Benjamin Carmine, Anthony Carmine's younger brother in Gears of War 2
 Clayton Carmine, Anthony Carmine and Benjamin Carmine's older brother in Gears of War 3

See also
Renato De Carmine (1923–2010) Italian actor
Samuel Di Carmine (born 1988), Italian footballer
Carmin (disambiguation), includes list of people with name Carmin


Tetrorea discedens

Tetrorea discedens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Sharp in 1880. It is known from New Zealand.

References

Category:Lamiinae
Category:Beetles described in 1880


Markus Nordlund

Markus Nordlund (born July 27, 1985) is a Finnish ice hockey player who currently plays professionally at Vaasan Sport.

Career
After playing for the Lukko youth teams, Nordlund logged his first minutes in Finnland’s top-division Liiga during the 2005-06 season with Lukko.

In 2008, he transferred to fellow Liiga team HC TPS and won the Finnish championship with the club in 2010. After the 2010-11 season, which he also spent with HC TPS, Nordlund was presented with the Juha Rantasila Trophy as the top-scoring defenseman of the league.

From 2011 to 2013, he played with Jokerit Helsinki, before moving to HC Ambrì-Piotta of the Swiss NLA in September 2013. He was brought in to replace injured Maxim Noreau and then stayed with the team for the remainder of the season. In December 2013, he strengthened the roster of Genève-Servette HC at the Spengler Cup and helped win the title, while being named to the Spengler Cup All Star Team.

The 2014-15 season saw him skate in the Swedish Hockey League with Djurgårdens IF.

Nordlund returned to HC Ambrì-Piotta in November 2015. He then signed with Vaasan Sport of the Finnish Liiga for the 2016-17 season.

International career
Nordlund made his debut with Finnland's national team during the 2010 Euro Hockey Tour.

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:HC TPS players
Category:1985 births
Category:Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Category:HC Ambrì-Piotta players
Category:Lukko players
Category:KalPa players
Category:Jokerit players
Category:Vaasan Sport players
Category:Finnish ice hockey defencemen


Lomaridium

Lomaridium is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined Blechnum, equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily.

Species
, using the PPG I classification system, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species:

Lomaridium acutum (Desv.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium attenuatum (Sw.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium biforme (Baker) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium binervatum (Poir.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium bonapartei (Rakotondr.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium contiguum (Mett.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium dendrophilum (Sodiro) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium ensiforme (Liebm.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium fragile (Liebm.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium fuscosquamosum (A.Rojas) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium nigrocostatum (A.Rojas) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium pteropus (Kunze) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium schottii (Colla) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium simillimum (Baker) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich
Lomaridium xiphophyllum (Baker) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich

References

Category:Blechnaceae
Category:Fern genera


Ibanez GAX30

The Ibanez GAX30 is an entry-level guitar produced by the guitar company Ibanez, as part of the Ibanez GIO series.

Like most entry level guitars produced today, it is produced in one or more countries in Asia (not Japan). It has 22 frets and humbucker pickups. It is finished in solid colors. Harmony Central users note that the neck is quite thin, and the finish is of high quality, relative to other entry-level guitars. Like most guitars in the entry-level category, the tuners and pickups are of lower quality than those on more costly production instruments. The GAX30 features a functioning Tone control, a feature that some other entry level guitars lack due to poor shielding of the electronics cavity or incorrect wiring. The GAX30 has been used by many young guitarists.

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20051129160944/http://www.harmony-central.com/Guitar/Data4/Ibanez/GAX30-1.html - Harmony Central Reviews

GAX30


List of state leaders in 1792

Africa
Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar) – Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho, King of Akwa Akpa (1786–1805)
Ashanti Confederacy – Osei Kwame Panyin, Asantehene (1777–1803)
Bunyoro – Kyebambe III, Omukama of Bunyoro (1786–1835)
Kingdom of Dagbon – Sumani Zwole, King of Dagbon (1778–1799)
Kingdom of Dahomey – Agonglo (1789–1797)
Ethiopian Empire – Hezqeyas (1789–1794)
Gobir – Bawa Jan Gwarzo (1777–1795)
Kwande - Wori Waru I (1790-1804)
Zulu – Senzangakona, King of the Zulu (1781–1816)

Americas
 United States – George Washington, President of the United States (1789–1797)

Asia
 Alirajpur State -  Pratap Singh I (1765-1818)
 Burma - Bodawpaya (1782-1819)
 Kingdom of Cambodia – Ang Eng (1779-1796)
 China (Qing dynasty) – Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796)
Durrani Empire – Timur Shah (1772–1793)
 Jaipur - Pratap Singh (1778-1803)
Empire of Japan
Monarch – Kōkaku (1780–1817)
Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)
Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Boku (1752–1795)
Joseon (Korea) – Jeongjo (1776–1800)
Manipur – Meidingu Chingthangkhomba, King of Manipur (1749–1798)
 Siam – Rama I (1782–1809)
Twipra Kingdom - Rajdhar Manikya (1783-1804)
Đại Việt (Tây Sơn dynasty) – Nguyễn Nhạc (1778–1793), Nguyễn Huệ (1788–1792) and Nguyễn Quang Toản (1792–1802)

Australia and Oceania
Colony of New South Wales
Monarch – George III (1760–1801)
 Governor – Captain Arthur Phillip (1788–1792)
Kingdom of Tahiti – Pōmare I (1791–1803)

Europe
Principality of Abkhazia – Kelesh Begi (1747–1806)
Andorra – Co-princes:
 Josep de Boltas, Bishop of Urgell (1785–1795)
 King of France –
 Louis XVI of France (1774–1792)
 French Republic rejects rulership of Andorra
Kingdom of Denmark–Norway
 Monarch – Christian VII (1766–1808)
  Minister of State – Andreas Peter Bernstorff (1784–1797)
France –
 Constitutional Monarchy – Louis XVI, King of the French (1774–1792)
 First Republic – National Convention (1792–1795)
Kingdom of Great Britain –
Monarch – George III (1760–1820)
Prime Minister – William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801, 1804–1806)
Holy Roman Empire –
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (1790–1792)
Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor (1792–1806)
See also: List of Reichstag participants (1792)
Kingdom of Ireland – George III (1760–1820)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire  – Selim III (1789–1807)
Grand Vizier –
 Koca Yusuf Pasha (1791–1792)
 Damad Melek Mehmed Pasha (1792–1794)
Papal States – Pope Pius VI
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Stanisław August Poniatowski (1764–1795)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
Monarch – Maria I (1777–1816)
Regent – John, Prince of Brazil (1792–1816)
Kingdom of Prussia – Frederick William II (1786–1797)
Rauracian Republic – Joseph-Antoine Renggeur, President of the National Assembly (1892–1893)
Russian Empire – Catherine II, Tsaritsa of Russia (1762–1796)
Kingdom of Spain – Charles IV (1788–1808)
Kingdom of Sweden – Absolutism
Monarch
Gustav III (1771–1792)
Gustav IV Adolf in minority (1792–1809)
Regent – Duke Charles, Regent during the minority of the monarch (1792–1796)
Prime Minister – Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, Member of the Privy Council (1792–1796)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinand III (1790–1801)
United Provinces –
Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
Stadtholder – William V, Prince of Orange, Stadholder of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1751–1795)
Holland – Grand Pensionary Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel of Holland (1787–1795)

Middle East and North Africa
Abu Dhabi – Dhiyab bin Isa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1761–1793)
Sultanate of Morocco –
 Yazid (1790–1792)
 Slimane (1792–1822)

References


Thormanby (horse)

Thormanby (1857–1875) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from May 1859 to July 1861, he ran twenty-four times and won fourteen races. He was regarded by experts as one of the outstanding horses of his era.

After winning nine races, including the Gimcrack Stakes at York as a two-year-old in 1859 he won The Derby on his first start of 1860. Although he failed to reproduce his best form in the autumn of his three-year-old season, he returned in 1861 to win his first four races including the Ascot Gold Cup.

At the end of the 1861 season, he was retired to stud where he sired the winners of many important races. His grandson, Bend Or, became the direct male ancestor of most modern Thoroughbred racehorses.

Background

Thormanby was a lean, wiry, rather plain-looking chestnut horse with a white stripe and a white sock on his left hind leg. He was bred by Benjamin Plummer who had difficulty finding a buyer for the young horse as a yearling at the Doncaster sales before selling him privately for £350 to the trainer Mathew Dawson. Dawson bought the colt for his principal patron James Merry, who was initially reluctant to complete the transaction. Dawson had to keep and feed the horse at his own expense for several months before Merry agreed to hand over the money. Dawson trained the colt at Russley Park, near Lambourn.

Thormanby’s dam was the outstanding race mare Alice Hawthorn (left), who won fifty-two races including the Goodwood and Doncaster Cups. The identity of his sire was officially problematic, as Alice Hawthorn was covered by two stallions, Windhound and Melbourne in 1856. Melbourne, the sire of the Triple Crown winner West Australian was, however, true-breeding bay, meaning that all his registered offspring were bay or brown. It is almost certain, therefore, that the chestnut Thormanby was a son of the less famous Windhound. This view was supported by the testimony of Mathew Dawson, who was working at the stud at the time of Thormanby's conception: he reported that Alice Hawthorn had rejected Melbourne, but been receptive to Windhound.

Racing career

1859: two-year-old season
Thormanby, like many of Dawson’s horses, was highly tried as a two-year-old, running fourteen times. In spring he won minor races at Northampton, York and Chester and finished third to Lupellus at Epsom. The Field described him as "by far the best" of the early two-year-olds.

At Royal Ascot in June Thormanby won a Biennial Stakes, beating Lupellus, and then finished second to Rupee in a field of twenty runners for the New Stakes. At Goodwood in July, he ran twice, winning the Lavant Stakes and finishing third in the Findon Stakes. He ran three times at the York meeting in August, running third in the Convivial Stakes and then winning the Eglington Stakes and the meeting's premier two-year-old race, the Gimcrack Stakes.

In Autumn, Thormanby was sent to race at Newmarket, where he ran three times. He finished third in the Eglington Stakes and then won the Prendergast Stakes. On his final start of the year, he recorded his second important win, beating seven rivals to win the valuable Criterion Stakes by a length.

1860: three-year-old season

Thormanby did not run as a three-year-old before the Derby. In spring, a colt named “The Wizard” won the 2000 Guineas in impressive style and was made favourite for the Derby. Thormanby, however, had been performing exceptionally well in training, notably when giving thirteen pounds and a decisive beating to a good colt called Northern Light. When Dawson was told that The Wizard had proved himself to be a “tremendous horse”, he replied, “Who’s afraid?” Dawson did, in fact, fear that attempts would be made to deliberately injure or "nobble" Thormanby and took steps to protect him, including switching his jockeys' racing colours at the last moment to confuse any potential assailants.

At Epsom on 23 May, Thormanby impressed observers when he appeared in the paddock before the Derby: his coat was "like a mirror" and as he galloped to the start, he "hardly seemed to touch the ground." He started the 4/1 second favourite in a field of thirty runners, with The Wizard being made 3/1 favourite and the American-bred colt Umpire, whose supporters included the famous boxer John C. Heenan, being also strongly fancied. The attendance for the race was estimated at up to 480,000. Ridden by Harry Custance, a lightweight jockey who had to carry twenty-two pounds of lead in his saddle to make the required weight, Thormanby raced just behind the leaders in the early stages before making his challenge on the outside early in the straight. A furlong from the finish Thormanby overtook The Wizard and went into the lead, from which point on the result was not in doubt. Thormanby won easily by one and a half lengths from The Wizard, with the outsider Horror taking third. James Merry reportedly took more than £85,000 in winning bets.

Thormanby was rested after the Derby before returning in September for the St Leger for which he started 9/4 favourite in a field of fourteen. Thormanby held third place turning into the straight but faded in the closing stages and finished fifth, four lengths behind the winner St Albans. Two days later Thormanby reappeared in the Doncaster Cup over two and a half miles. He was held up in the early stages before making a strong challenge in the straight, but was beaten three lengths by Sabreur, to whom he was conceding seven pounds.  He was then sent to Newmarket where he was beaten two lengths by The Wizard at level weights in the Grand Duke Michael Stakes on 25 September. On his final run of the year he finished second in a sweepstakes at Newmarket.

1861: four-year-old season
Thormanby’s four-year-old season began at Newmarket in April, when he won the Claret Stakes, finishing thirty lengths clear of his two rivals. At the next Newmarket meeting Thormanby claimed two prizes without having to run in a competitive race.  No horse appeared to oppose him and he was allowed to “walk over” in both events.

At Royal Ascot in June, Thormanby contested the two and a half mile Ascot Gold Cup, at that time the most prestigious weight-for-age race of the season. He started the 6/5 favourite, with St Albans and Parmesan being regarded as his main rivals. Thormanby raced lazily, so that Custance had to "waken him up" by using his spurs, but in the straight he produced a strong run to overtake Parmesan and easily held the late challenge of the filly Fairwater to win by two lengths. On his final race, Thormanby ran poorly, finishing unplaced in the Goodwood Cup.

Assessment
In May 1886 The Sporting Times carried out a poll of one hundred racing experts to create a ranking of the best British racehorses of the 19th century.  Thormanby was ranked seventeenth, having been placed in the top ten by sixteen of the contributors. He was the third highest British horse the 1860s behind Gladiateur and West Australian.

At the end of his racing career, The Field described Thormanby as

Stud career
Thormanby stood as a stallion at Croft stud, near Darlington, Park Paddocks at Newmarket and the Moorlands stud near York. He  was a successful stallion, siring the 2000 Guineas winners Atlantic and Charibert and being the Champion sire of 1869. He is present in the pedigrees of almost all modern Thoroughbreds through his daughter, Rouge Rose, who produced the Derby Winner Bend Or. Thormanby sired almost a hundred winners before dying suddenly at the age of eighteen in 1875. Thormanby's tail was mounted and fashioned into a whisk which was hung in the hall of Mathew Dawson's Heath House at Newmarket.

Pedigree

References

Category:Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Category:Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Category:Epsom Derby winners
Category:1857 racehorse births
Category:1875 racehorse deaths
Category:Thoroughbred family 4-f
Category:Byerley Turk sire line


Roy E. Ayers

Roy Elmer Ayers (November 9, 1882May 23, 1955) was a U.S. Democratic politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives and as the 11th Governor of Montana. He was the first governor of Montana to be born in what would become the state of Montana.

Biography
Ayers was born on a ranch near Lewistown in the Territory of Montana, and attended the rural schools in the area. He attended Lewistown High School and graduated from the law department of Valparaiso University in 1903. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Lewistown, He also became engaged in ranching and the raising of livestock. On June 7, 1905, he married Ellen Simpson and the couple had three children.

Career
Ayers served as attorney of Fergus County, Montana from 1905 to 1909, and Judge of the Tenth Judicial District of Montana from 1913 to 1921. During the First World War, Ayers served as chairman of the Fergus County Exemption Board. He was the Justice of the State supreme court from January 1922 until his resignation on November 22, 1922, when he resumed ranching and the private practice of law in Lewistown. In 1924, he ran for Governor of Montana, but lost in the Democratic primary to John E. Erickson, who would later go on to win the general election. Ayers challenged him in the primary again in 1928, and was defeated by less than a thousand votes by Erickson, who again won the general election.

In 1932, Ayers was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Montana's 2nd congressional district, defeating Republican Congressman Scott Leavitt. He was re-elected over Republican nominee Stanley Felt in 1934 in a landslide.

Rather than seek re-election to a third term, Ayers opted to run for governor in 1936, and narrowly defeated incumbent governor Elmer Holt in the Democratic primary. In the general election, he barely defeated former Lieutenant Governor of Montana Frank Hazelbaker, the Republican nominee. During his administration, he oversaw the expansion of the state bureaucracy, signed a bill to give the governor new powers in directing state government, the state deficit was eliminated, and state bond interests were lowered. When he ran for re-election in 1940, he only won the Democratic primary with a thin plurality, and was defeated in the general election by Sam C. Ford, a former Montana Supreme Court Associate Justice. He ran in the Democratic primary to challenge Ford in 1944, but came in third behind Leif Erickson and Austin B. Middleton.

He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1920 and 1940, and to every State Democratic Convention from 1906 to 1940.

Death
After ending his political career, Ayers returned to ranching. He died in Lewistown, Montana, and was interred at the Lewistown City Cemetery in 1955.

References

External links

National Governors Association

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
The Political Graveyard

Category:People from Lewistown, Montana
Category:Governors of Montana
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Montana
Category:Montana state court judges
Category:Montana Supreme Court justices
Category:Valparaiso University alumni
Category:Montana Democrats
Category:1882 births
Category:1955 deaths
Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Category:20th-century American judges


List of fires and impacts of the 2019-20 Australian bushfire season

The following tables show the extent of impact of the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season.

List of fires of the 2019-20 Australian bushfire Season

Impact to towns of the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season

Impact to National Parks of the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season

Sources

External links

 NSW Rural Fire Service - Major Fire Updates
 ArcGIS - Aggregated view of National Bushfire Boundaries

Category:2019 in Australia
Category:2020 in Australia


Press (newspaper)

Press was a daily middle-market tabloid newspaper published in Belgrade between 2005 and 2012.

Launched by a group of journalists who left Kurir and published by the company they established called Press Publishing Group, Press quickly developed sizable readership, reaching high circulation in the process. In time, the company parleyed the daily's market success into other print media projects such as another daily Biznis, aimed at business people, as well as a lifestyle weekly magazine Lola and a glossy monthly magazine FAME.

For years, much like many other Serbian media outlets, the paper faced speculation and accusations about its ownership structure. Rumours about the Press real owners being some of Serbia's most powerful politically connected business tycoons was rampant with individuals like Miroslav Mišković and Dragan Đilas often mentioned in this regard.

The daily was shut down in November 2012 amid great controversy that played out in the Serbian media when tycoon Miroslav Mišković announced his pull-out from the paper's ownership structure, thereby confirming his long-speculated association with the paper.

Ownership
The Press owners controlled the paper through an entity named Press Publishing Group d.o.o. which was registered in Serbia as a limited liability company in mid October 2006.

Initially, it was co-owned by the three parties: Amber Press Limited company from Cyprus (50%), individual Đorđe Stefanović (40%), and Mediavox d.o.o. company from Belgrade (10%). However, since Mediavox is also owned by Stefanović, Press Publishing Group was essentially a 50-50 joint venture between Stefanović and Cypriot Amber Press.

The company quickly established itself on the Serbian media market, receiving accolades and posting good business returns. According to its 2007 annual financial report submitted to the Serbian Economic Register Agency, the company had 136 employees and it posted an annual profit of RSD58,830,000 (approximately € 0.7 million at the time) for the calendar year 2007.

Then in May 2009, the ownership was restructured with Stefanović's 40% stake divided amongst 4 individuals: Biljana Kralj (22%), Đoko Kesić (6%), Dragan J. Vučićević (6%), and Svetomir Marjanović (6%).

Over the years, there were frequent speculation about the identity of the individuals behind the companies listed in the Press ownership structure. Serbian tycoons and businessmen Miroslav Mišković and Dragan Đilas were often mentioned in this regard. On 12 November 2012, that speculation was confirmed when politically influential Serbian tycoon Miroslav Mišković announced his decision to sell his stake in the paper, admitting in the process that he was the paper largest individual stakeholder. Reacting to Mišković's announcement, Serbian deputy prime minister Aleksandar Vučić claimed that Serbian businessman and the mayor of Belgrade Dragan Đilas also owns a large stake in the paper and called on him to publicly admit it.

History
In mid December 2005, Press became the latest in a growing series of Serbian print media publications that came into existence due to a group of journalists leaving their previous place of employment en masse to start a new paper. This is how Vreme weekly was started in 1990 (left Politika), Naša borba in 1994 (left Borba), and Glas javnosti in 1998 (left Blic).

In this case, the majority of Press staffers including editor-in-chief Đoko Kesić and his deputy Dragan J. Vučićević had worked at Kurir from its inception in May 2003 until early December 2005. At that time a dispute over revenue sharing came to a head, resulting in about 90% of Kurirs staff leaving the paper. Public accusations of corruption and political skullduggery started flying thick and fast between Kurir owner Radisav Rodić on one side and Kesić-Vučićević editing duo on the other. During mid December 2005, Vučićević and newly named Kurir editor-in-chief Antonije Kovačević even publicly squared off in an impromptu TV duel on BKTV's talk-show Klopka hosted by Olivera Kovačević (no relation to Antonije Kovačević), but apart from a lot of shouting and theatrical rhetoric not many concrete facts were established.

Led by Kesić and Vučićević, the group that left Kurir announced their plan to start their own daily tabloid named Dnevni kurir, however, Kurir owner Rodić immediately filed a complaint with Trade Court, protesting copyright infringement. The court agreed with him and issued an immediate junction prohibiting publication under that name. Though they felt Kurir became what it is in large part due to their own efforts and skills, Kesić & Vučićević decided not to pursue the matter further legally and ended the issue by naming their new tabloid Press, instead.

Its premiere issue came out on 15 December 2005.

Press vs. Bojan Krišto
In late November 2008, Press began running a series of articles about Bojan Krišto, CEO of the state-owned company JP Aerodrom Beograd which operates Belgrade's Nikola Tesla Airport. The issue was his free-spending business practice when it came to approving salary bonuses for himself and members of the company's managing board. Since by the nature of the position, Krišto was politically delegated by G17 Plus, a member party of the ruling coalition For a European Serbia (ZES), the whole thing soon erupted into a political scandal. Opposition MPs demanded his resignation along with pressing criminal charges while even the President of Serbia Boris Tadić chimed in, calling the situation unacceptable. Much of the public's anger was directed at Krišto's party boss Mlađan Dinkić who was also the Minister of Economy and Regional Development as well as the Deputy Prime Minister. For a while it even appeared that this was the beginning of a rift in the Serbian ruling coalition and some even went as far as suggesting that together with other disagreements between government members such as the Russian gas deal, this airport case might just make the government fall.

No such thing happened, however, as Krišto resigned on 25 November 2008 under the weight of public pressure while Dinkić went on B92 programme Utisak nedelje on 30 November 2008 and more or less defended his party colleague. Dinkić repeatedly referred to the entire episode as "witch hunt" and even suggested that part of the motivation for Press to go after Krišto might lay in his apparent decision to make them pay the outstanding sum on the sponsorship deal that allowed the Press logo to be printed on the back of boarding passes issued at the airport. The very next day Press responded to this by saying they will present Dinkić with all the details of that particular business deal and demand that he issue a public apology for the "libelous remark".

Closing
On 15 November 2012, in the wake of Miroslav Mišković's announcement of his pulling out of the paper, the paper announced that day's issue to be its last in print. It was also said on the same occasion that the issue for Republika Srpska would continue as well as the website. According to unofficial sources, the paper accrued debts of more than €16 million at the time of its folding.

Mišković's implicit admission of owning a stake in Press when he announced his pullout from the paper as well as the publication's demise three days later, caused a lot of reaction and controversy on the Serbian media scene as well as in the country's wider public. It again opened the issue of the real ownership behind Serbian print and electronic media outlets.

Reaction to the paper's demise

Ljiljana Smajlović
Ljiljana Smajlović, president of the Serbian Journalists' Association (UNS) said: "UNS supports the Press employees' demands of getting to the bottom of everything when it comes to Press — who were their real owners, what was the paper's circulation, and why weren't they given the opportunity to put together a newspaper the way they wanted to. UNS further appeals on the creditors of Press to show understanding of the situation the paper's employees find themselves in and to exercise restraint considering Miroslav Mišković's publicly stated promise to pay off most of the paper's outstanding debts. UNS is further criticizing the current Serbian government (led by Dačić and Vučić) for not delivering on one of its first promises upon taking office — discussing Verica Barać's report that clearly identified murky ownership structure of media outlets as the biggest threat to press freedom in Serbia. If it doesn't determine once and for all why the Serbian media market turned into Wild West where everybody deceives everybody when it comes to ownership structure and circulation figures, this government will share the responsibility for the situation with the previous one. It would be good if the Press' other owner — the still clandestine one — finally owned up and took responsibility for the paper's finances thereby helping the journalists re-form their newspaper, hopefully this time without debts to tycoons".

Dragan J. Vučićević
At the 15 November 2012 press-conference he called over a different issue, former Press editor-in-chief, columnist, and one of the paper's founders Dragan J. Vučićević (at the time the editor-in-chief of Informer) took several questions about the paper's demise. He said on the occasion: "Towards the end of 2010, Press got hijacked and taken away from me and the other founders by the people from top echelons of the authorities that ran Serbia at the time. They basically blackmailed us with the threat of laying off the 250 staffers that were employed at the paper at the time as well as the threat of making sure our loans don't get re-programmed. From the second half of 2010 until I eventually left in late December 2011 when they wouldn't allow me to continue writing my column, I was neither involved in the paper's business nor its editorial policy. All I did for the paper in 2010 and 2011 was writing a weekly column. Yes, I was listed at the same time as the managing board president of the Press Publishing Group, but it was only a formal title by the decision of some people that made decisions at the time — in reality I had nothing to do with the managing board, which by the way didn't even exist, and I'm not the right man to talk to about what went on in that paper during its last three years of existence. Yes, I was fictitiously listed as the managing board president. As far as Oliver Dulić and the payments from his environmental fund go, I learned of those only after I had already left Press. I had nothing to do with him. If you prove that I ever met him, signed any of his payments, or even talked to him over the phone I'll gladly go to jail. I never took a dinar from Dulić or anyone else from the Tadić authorities. I only suffered under those authorities. During the Tadić era in Serbia, only a few journalists dared to put up consistent and resolute resistance to his tyrannical rule and I feel that resisting Tadić and his cronies is one of the greatest highlights of my career in journalism. Especially under the circumstances when other journalists kept silent while cashing in their integrity from Dulić and other characters like Cole, Krle, and Šane".

This was in stark contrast to what Vučićević had to say on the same subject two years earlier in December 2010. Asked at the time about the Serbian tycoons' alleged clandestine involvement in the Serbian newspapers' ownership structure, Vučićević, the managing board president of Press Publishing Group, answered: "In Serbia there are constant conspiracy theories about different tycoons having a stake in various newspapers. That's not exactly the case and I'll tell why it isn't. The newspaper business in Serbia is not profitable enough for tycoons to be interested in it. They can turn much greater profits in other endeavours so why would they invest in newspapers. Do you know how long it takes to start making a profit on your investment in a newspaper? Between 5-7 years. Why would someone invest €1 million in a newspaper and then wait for 7 years to make that money back". Asked explicitly on the same occasion who owns Press, Vučićević answered: "Press is owned by Đoko Kesić, Sveta Marjanović, Biljana Kralj, and myself". Pressed further to say who is politically behind Press, Vučićević emphatically repeated: "No one".

Čedomir Jovanović
Speaking on the political talk-show Utisak nedelje, the leader of opposition Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Čedomir Jovanović said that public revelation about Mišković and Đilas being the owners of Press wasn't news to him, before continuing: "Press was the price Mišković had to pay to the DS-led authorities. It was a government racket".

Editorial history
Đoko Kesić December 2005 – November 2007
Dragan J. Vučićević November 2007 – November 2010
Svetomir Marjanović November 2010 – January 2011
Veljko Lalić January 2011 – August 2012
Borislav Kasanski August 2012 - October 2012
Miša Brkić October 2012 – November 2012

References

External links
Press Online - Official website

Press
Category:Publications established in 2005
Category:Publications disestablished in 2012
Category:Media in Belgrade


Patrick Colquhoun

Patrick Colquhoun ( ; 14 March 1745 – 25 April 1820) was a Scottish merchant, statistician, magistrate, and founder of the first regular preventive police force in England, the Thames River Police.

Early life
Colquhoun, a descendant of the Scottish Clan Colquhoun of Luss, was born in Dumbarton in 1745.
Orphaned at the age of 16, his relatives sent him to America, setting him up in the lucrative commercial trade in Virginia. In 1766, the 21-year-old Colquhoun returned to Scotland, settling in Glasgow and going into business on his own in the linen trade. Ten years later, with the outbreak of the American Revolution, Colquhoun sided against the rebels and, along with 13 other local businessmen, funded a Glasgow regiment to contribute to the government's war effort.

He built an estate in the West End (now part of Kelvingrove Park) and, on 22 July 1775, married his cousin Janet, the daughter of James Colquhoun, the Provost of Dumbarton. Between 1782 and 1784, Patrick Colquhoun himself served as the Lord Provost of Glasgow. He also founded the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturing during that time, and made himself the first chairman. He was awarded an honorary LL.D. by the University of Glasgow in 1797.

Colquhoun was an avid statistician, and collected economic data. He used this information to lobby the government on behalf of the country's industries, particularly cotton and muslin. His findings formed the basis of numerous pamphlets and treatises that he wrote promoting legal reform and business generally. On one occasion, he travelled to Manchester and compiled statistics on the cotton trade. He presented his findings to Prime Minister William Pitt in 1789, but they were not acted upon because of the war with France. These activities brought Colquhoun increasingly into contact with the political sphere and to the attention of government and in 1785 he moved to London to seek a government position, and was appointed Magistrate in the East End.

River Police
Merchants were losing an estimated £500,000 worth of stolen cargo annually from the Pool of London on the River Thames. A plan was devised to curb the problem in 1797 by an Essex Justice of the Peace and master mariner, John Harriot, who joined forces with Patrick Colquhoun and utilitarian philosopher, Jeremy Bentham. Armed with Harriot's proposal and Bentham's insights, Colquhoun was able to persuade the West India Planters Committees and the West India Merchants to fund the new force. They agreed to a one-year trial and on 2 July 1798, after receiving government permission, the Thames River Police began operating with Colquhoun as Superintending Magistrate and Harriot the Resident Magistrate.

With the initial investment of £4,200, the new force began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game". The river police received a hostile reception by riverfront workers not wishing to lose their supplementary income. A mob of 2000 attempted to burn down the police office with the police inside. The skirmish that followed resulted in the first line of duty death for the new force with the killing of Gabriel Franks.

Nevertheless, Colquhoun reported to his backers that his force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives". Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in places in other countries, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.

Significance for "modern" policing
Historians of policing credit Colquhoun's innovation as a critical development leading up to Robert Peel’s "new" police three decades later. Along with the Bow Street Runners, the Marine Police Force was eventually absorbed by the Metropolitan Police in the 19th century. Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees.

The idea of a police, as it existed in France, was considered an affront to the liberal English, particularly during this period of upheaval. For the government then, it was not only a matter of saving money, but that there was significant opposition and little support from political constituencies. In building the case for the police in the face of England's firm anti-police sentiment, Colquhoun framed the political rationale on economic indicators to show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was "perfectly congenial to the principle of the British constitution". Moreover, he went so far as to praise the French system, which had reached "the greatest degree of perfection" in his estimation.

As impressive as Colquhoun's salesmanship of the public police idea was, his main contribution is recognized as the introduction of crime prevention, or preventive policing, as a fundamental principle to the English police system. His police were to be a deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. He came to this conclusion through viewing policing as a science, and in utilitarian fashion, attempted to press that science into the service of the national political economy. He published two dozen treatises on a variety of social problems, but the most significant is his 1796 A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis.

The Marine Police Force continues to operate at the same Wapping High Street address. In 1839 it merged with the Metropolitan Police Force to become Thames Division; and is now the Marine Support Unit of the Metropolitan Police Service.

Hanseatic diplomat
Patrick Colquhoun was appointed as Resident Minister and Consul general to Britain by the Hanseatic cities Hamburg in 1804, and Bremen and Lübeck shortly after in the following as the successor of Henry Heymann, who was also master of the Steelyard (In German: Stalhofmeister). Colquhoun was valuable to those cities through the time of their occupation by the French until 1814 since he also provided the indirect communication between Northern Germany and Whitehall, especially in 1808, when the three cities considered their membership in the Confederation of the Rhine. His son James Colquhoun was his successor as Consul of the Hanseatic cities in London.

Criticism

Scholar and historian Peter Linebaugh posits another persona of Colquhoun, i.e., the agent of often violent oppression wholly in the service of an industrialist and property-holding class in the earliest incarnation of socio-economic warfare in the Atlantic economy. The capitalist, investor regime needed a laboring under-class in thrall to subsistence wages to maximize profits. And, as farming the Commons  had been denied them, the increasingly desperate worker was feared by those keepers of the status quo. Linebaugh notes:

References

External links
 Grant David Yeats, M.D. (Colquhoun's son-in-law), A Biographical Sketch of the Life and Writings of Patrick Colqhoun, London: G. Smeeton, 1818.
 The 'Patrick Colquhoun' Thames Police Motor Launch

 On the Commerce and Police of the River Thames, London: H. Baldwin and Son, 1800.
 A Treatise on the Functions and Duties of a Constable, London: W. Bulmer and Co., 1803.
 Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis, London: Bye and Law, 1806.
 Treatise on the Wealth, Power, and Resources of the British Empire'', London: Joseph Mawson, 1814.

Category:People from Glasgow
Category:Lord Provosts of Glasgow
Category:1745 births
Category:1820 deaths
Category:British police chiefs
Category:Hanseatic diplomats


Sean McAuley

Sean McAuley (born 23 June 1972) is an English football coach and former player who most recently served as an assistant coach for Major League Soccer club Orlando City SC.

Playing career
Sheffield-born McAuley began his football career with Manchester United, signing on with the club as an apprentice in July 1988. He turned professional on 21 June 1990, but was sold to St Johnstone for £80,000 two years later, without having made a single appearance for the United first team.

Coaching career
McAuley was appointed Sheffield Wednesday's Academy head coach in January 2006.

He became caretaker manager of Sheffield Wednesday between the sacking of Paul Sturrock and the appointment of Brian Laws in late October and early November 2006 respectively. McAuley was in charge for four first-team games, winning three and drawing one. The victories were over Queens Park Rangers, Crystal Palace and Leicester City. The draw was a 2–2 scoreline at Wolverhampton Wanderers. Following the appointments of both Laws and Alan Irvine, he returned to his career as the Owls' Academy head coach.

Following the sacking of Brian Laws on 13 December 2009, McAuley was re-installed as caretaker manager, until a replacement could be found. His first game was a 2–0 home defeat to Swansea.  He then went on to draw 2–2 with league leaders Newcastle United and lose 2–1 to Crystal Palace in the 3rd round of the FA Cup, both at home.

McAuley has been involved in Sheffield Wednesday's work to build partner relationships with clubs in North America. He has developed ties with clubs in northern California and Michigan, and in April 2009 he travelled to Canada to undertake coaching sessions with Victoria Highlanders.

However, in July 2012, Sean McAuley departed Sheffield Wednesday in order to become the Assistant Manager at Major League Soccer club Portland Timbers. McAuley previously played in Portland for the pre-MLS Timbers. In August 2018, McAuley joined James O'Connor's technical staff at Orlando City SC as an assistant coach.

Managerial statistics

Notes

External links
 Halifax Stats

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Sheffield
Category:English football managers
Category:Manchester United F.C. players
Category:St Johnstone F.C. players
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Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C. managers
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Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Category:Scottish expatriate footballers
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Category:Orlando City SC non-playing staff
Category:English footballers


Coulier

Coulier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dave Coulier (born 1959), American actor, voice actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist and television host
Gilles Coulier (born 1986), Belgian film director and screenwriter
Mark Coulier (born 1964), British make-up artist


2018 New Zealand census

The 2018 New Zealand census was the thirty-fourth national census in New Zealand, which took place on Tuesday 6 March 2018.
The population of New Zealand was counted as 4,699,755 – an increase of 457,707 (10.79%) over the 2013 census.

Results from the 2018 census were released to the public on 23 September 2019, from the Statistics New Zealand website. The next New Zealand census is set to be held in March 2023.

History

Background
The Census Act 1877 required censuses to be held every fifth year and is well embedded in legislation and government systems. Since 1881, censuses have been held every five years, with the exceptions of those in 1931 and 1941 and the one in 2011 which was cancelled due to the February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, which displaced many Canterbury residents from their homes only a few weeks before census day. It was rescheduled for March 2013, so the 2013 census is the previous census completed before this one.

Issues and controversies
Originally, it was estimated that the 2018 census saw a drop in response rates from 94.5 percent of individuals in 2013 to 90 percent. This drop, which amounted to the lowest census response rate for fifty years, has been blamed on a 'digital-first' policy for the census. An independent inquiry on the issue was convened by Stats NZ and reported in August 2019; it agreed that too little attention had been paid to the non-digital aspects of the census, but also blamed operational complexity and flaws in management.  In November 2018, Statistics NZ announced that release of the census results would be pushed back to at least April 2019 due to "the complex nature of the task".

In early April 2019, the Government Statistician was facing possible charges of contempt of parliament. She had twice refused, on 13 February and in early April, to disclose the number of partially and fully completed responses. On 9 April, she reported that one in seven New Zealanders, 700,000 people, failed to complete the census.

In August 2019, an independent review of the 2018 census criticised the Chief Statistician Liz MacPherson's leadership of Statistics New Zealand. Due to a decision to conduct the census primarily online, the census attracted only an 83% response rate, even lower than the 90% earlier reported, well short of the 94% census percent target and a nine percent drop from the previous 2013 New Zealand census. In response to the report, MacPherson resigned as chief statistician on 13 August 2019.

Topics
The 2018 census collected data on the following topics:

Population structure

Location

Culture and identity

Education and training

Work

Income
Families and households

Housing

Transport
Health and disability

Projections
Statistics New Zealand annually conducts population projections for New Zealand as a whole, which are based on data from the previous census (in this case, the 2013 census) and calculated using a cohort-component method. Population projections also take into consideration births, deaths, and net migration.

In 2016, New Zealand's population at the time of the 2018 census was projected to be between 4,807,000 and 4,944,000.

Results
Data uses fixed random rounding to protect confidentiality; each data point is rounded either to the nearest multiple of 3 ( chance) or the next-nearest multiple of 3 ( chance).

The census usually-resident population count of New Zealand is a count of all people who usually live in and were present in the country on census night (6 March 2018), and excludes overseas visitors and New Zealand residents who are temporarily overseas.

Due to the high rate of non-response in the census, the published results combine answers from census forms with data from the 2013 Census and from government administrative data. Reports from an External Data Quality Review Panel include quality ratings for each variable, taking the added data into account

Population and dwellings
Population counts for regions of New Zealand. All figures are for the census usually-resident population count.

 Resident population count was 4,699,755, up 457,707 from the 2013 Census.
 There are 2,319,558 males in New Zealand (49.35% of the population) and 2,380,197 females (50.65% of the population).
 On average, the population grew by around 2.1% per year since the 2013 Census – significantly higher than the annual average growth between 2006 and 2013, which was 0.7%.
The higher growth rate is consistent with higher net migration of 259,000 in the five years ended 30 June 2018 compared with 59,000 in the seven years ended 30 June 2013.
Among children (under 15 years), males outnumbered females, with around 105 males for every 100 females. The ratio declined with age: there were 104 males for every 100 females in the age group of 15–29, 95 males for every 100 females at ages 30–64 years, and 87 males for every 100 females at age 65 or above.
There was a total of 1,855,962 occupied and unoccupied private dwellings, 108,558 more than in 2013.
Ten percent of private dwellings were unoccupied.

Birthplace
In 2018, 3,370,122 people (71.7%) were born in New Zealand, with 1,329,633 (28.3%) born overseas.

Data is for the census's usually-resident population.

Ethnicity

There was no change in the top five ethnicities between the 2013 and 2018 censuses, which are New Zealand European (64.1%), Māori (16.5%), Chinese (4.9%), Indian (4.7%), and Samoan (3.9%).

Data is for the census usually-resident population count.

Religion
Most New Zealanders, 48.5% of the population, identify as being irreligious.
Data is for the census usually-resident population count.

Language
The vast majority of New Zealanders, 95.4%, speak English; in second place is Māori, with 4.0% of the population being able to speak it.
Data is for the census usually-resident population count.

Māori descent
Only 18.5% of New Zealanders have at least some Māori descent.
Data is for the census usually-resident population count.

Age
The largest age group is people in their 20s, who comprise 14.1% of the population.
Data is the census usually-resident population count.

Income
Data is for the census usually-resident population count of people aged 15 years and over.

Home ownership
Data is for the census usually-resident population count of people aged 15 years and over.

Marriage status
Data is for the census usually-resident population count of people aged 15 years and over.

References

Category:Censuses in New Zealand
Census
New Zealand


Macrothyatira subaureata

Macrothyatira subaureata is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in Yunnan, China.

References

Category:Moths described in 1941
Category:Thyatirinae
Category:Moths of China


Facheiroa squamosa

Facheiroa squamosa is a species of Facheiroa from Brazil.

References

External links

squamosa
Category:Flora of Brazil


Mike Darr (pitcher)

Michael Edward Darr (born March 23, 1956) is a former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played  for the Toronto Blue Jays in its inaugural 1977 season.

Career
Darr was selected by the Baltimore Orioles in the 1974 Major League Baseball Draft, but never played for them. He then was selected by Toronto in the 1976 expansion draft.

Darr appeared in just one game for the Blue Jays, before being sent down to play in their minor league system and did not appear again in a major league game.

Besides, he is the father of Mike Darr, a San Diego Padres outfielder who died in a car accident in 2002.

Sources

External links
, or Retrosheet

Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Category:Baseball players from California
Category:Bluefield Orioles players
Category:Cardenales de Lara players
Category:Charlotte O's players
Category:Jersey City Indians players
Category:Kinston Eagles players
Category:Lodi Orioles players
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:Miami Orioles players
Category:Syracuse Chiefs players
Category:Toronto Blue Jays players


Mercy Medical Center (Cedar Rapids, Iowa)

Mercy Medical Center is a Catholic hospital in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.  The smaller of two metro hospitals, Mercy frequently ranks as either the best in Iowa or one of the top three. Mercy is a non-profit, acute-care medical center with a level III trauma center. Mercy Cedar Rapids is independent and not directly associated with other Mercy hospitals across the state and country. In addition to the non-profit hospital and clinics, Mercy operates outpatient and urgent-care clinics in a for-profit partnership with MercyCare Community Physicians.

Hospital Overview by Healthcare Categories
One way to understand more about a hospital is to evaluate how it falls into different categories.

Acute Care
Mercy Medical Center is an acute-care hospital, as opposed to a long-term or specialized facility. Despite this acute-care focus, Mercy does provide an inpatient adult psychiatric ward, an inpatient rehabilitation ward and an on-site nursing home (Hallmar).

Trauma Center
Mercy operates a level III trauma center, which can handle almost all medical emergencies. In extreme or specialized situations, such as severe burns or complex pediatric cases, Mercy can transfer patients by helicopter to the University of Iowa's level I trauma center. Mercy is also the designated emergency room for radiation cases, such as might arise from events at the Duane Arnold nuclear power plant. Mercy was the first hospital in the area to open a trauma center.

Community Hospital
The United States' definition of a community hospital offers problematic distinctions for Mercy. According to the AHA definition, Mercy is a community hospital because it is not federally owned. Other groups, however, say that community hospitals are not teaching hospitals. This might disqualify Mercy, since it has a residency program. Another definition says community hospitals serve a local area, are run by local leaders, and provide financial opportunities for the local economy. Mercy would meet this last definition, since it has remained independent from large healthcare chains, such as UnityPoint.

Non-Profit
Mercy Medical Center is non-profit, established by the Sister of Mercy and governed by the group's charitable code. Mercy does, however, operate the for-profit MercyCare clinics. Doctors and other providers at these clinics are partners in the for-profit organization.

Urban vs. Rural
Mercy serves the urbanized Cedar Rapids metro area, but also serves seven nearby, mostly rural counties. Mercy also provides cardiology, dialysis and chemotherapy outreach services at rural hospitals in those seven counties.

Independent
As described below, Mercy leadership has rejected merger advances. Mercy remains independent and locally controlled, one of a shrinking number of independent hospitals in the United States.

Teaching vs. Non-Teaching
Mercy offers a residency program. MercyCare clinics also frequently host medical students from the University of Iowa's medical school.

Number of Beds
Mercy Medical Center is licensed for 450 beds, but according to 2017 Medicare filings the hospital staffs 243 beds. That makes Mercy the seventh largest of 130 Iowa hospitals. For comparison, the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics operates 728 beds, St. Luke's Cedar Rapids operates 345, Covenant (Waterloo) operates 240 and Mercy Medical Center Dubuque operates 176.

Catholic Restrictions/Guidelines Limiting Some Treatment
As a Catholic organization, Mercy follows the church's rules guiding healthcare. Those rules prohibit physicians from performing some procedures, even if non-Catholics would consider the care in the patient's best interest. The restrictions primarily impact reproductive and end-of-life care.

US Catholic hospitals follow the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, issued by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The Directives forbid services that are contrary to Catholic teaching. Physicians practicing at Mercy must follow the Directives, even if neither the doctor or the patient are Catholic.

Reproductive Health
In reproductive health, the Directives prohibit:
 Contraception, including birth control pills and condoms (including condom instructions to protect from HIV/AIDS);
 Sterilization, including tubal ligations and vasectomies;
 Abortion;
 In vitro fertilization;
 Some processes involving fertility drugs.

While these are prohibited at Mercy Medical Center and directly-owned Mercy clinics, they are not prohibited at clinics renting space from Mercy or at the MercyCare outpatient clinics. For example, OB-GYN Associates, PC, rents space at Mercy's 8th and 8th Medical Building. As an independent clinic, the OB-GYNs are able to provide contraception, tubal ligation and other services prohibited by the Catholic Directives. Likewise, family practice doctors at the MercyCare clinics are able to offer birth control.

End of Life Care

Assisted Suicide
In states other than Iowa, Catholic hospitals may face patient desire for assisted suicide. Since assisted suicide is illegal in Iowa, Mercy does not face this issue.

Removing Nutrition and Hydration
For end-of-life care, the Directives generally prohibit removing life-supporting nutrition and hydration. Even if a patient's advance healthcare directive specifies situations where he or she refuses feeding tubes or IV nutrition, Mercy and other Catholic hospitals must decline to follow those patient instructions. Instead, the patient may be transferred to nearby St. Luke's Hospital or another facility.

Mercy's hospital-ethics committee helps physicians review whether or not life-support is required. These decisions are guided by two key Catholic Directives. Directive 59 specifies that a patient’s end-of-life decision will be honored, “unless it is contrary to Catholic moral teaching.” Directive 58 says that Catholic health care facilities must generally provide artificial nutrition and hydration for patients who cannot take food and water orally.

In cases where the patient's disease or condition will directly and promptly cause death, nutrition and hydration is not frequently an issue. Instead, conflicts arise from conditions like dementia or Alzheimer's disease, and from patients in a persistent vegetative state.  When these patients cannot eat and drink, Catholic teaching says that failure to provide nutrition and hydration is effectively euthanasia. This is because the primary medical condition will not kill the patient, but removing food and water will.

History
The Sisters of Mercy opened Mercy Hospital in 1900 as a 15-bed facility in a converted two-story house. In less than a year, hospital usage outgrew the small location and the Sisters began searching for a new site.

In 1901, the Sisters bought land at Sixth Avenue and Ninth Street, SE, which is still part of Mercy's current site. The new facility opened in 1903 as a 100-bed, five-story hospital. The 1903 building served patients until 1971, when it was torn down because it no longer met hospital regulations.

Mercy's campus continued growing to meet demands. Major building efforts include the following.
 1923: The Sisters opened an addition to the 1903 building. The five-story building increased Mercy's capacity to 200 beds and added a new surgery and maternity ward.
 1944: Mercy used federal funding to erect a nursing school next to the hospital. After the nursing school closed in 1971, the building housed the Family Practice Center and a living area for Sisters staffing the hospital. Record flooding in 2008 heavily damaged the building, which Mercy imploded in 2009.
 1956: the Halls opened the Hall Radiation Center on Mercy property next to the hospital, to be operated by Mercy. In 1977, the Hall Foundation gifted the radiation center and the Hallmar nursing home to Mercy.
 1959: Mercy opened another expansion to address overcrowding. This air-conditioned building was a six floor, L-shaped structure. It contained an expanded laboratory, labor and delivery rooms, eight operating rooms, a 200 person cafeteria and 100 additional beds.
 1960: The Halls established Hallmar nursing home, a 26-bed facility on the Mercy campus. In 1967, Hallmar remodeled and expanded to 60 beds.
 March, 1971: Mercy opened the area's first trauma center.
 September, 1971: Mercy opened an eight-story acute-care tower.
 1974: The hospital added three additional floors to the tower, for a total of nine above-ground and two basement levels.
 Late 1980s: Mercy built a Women's Center, enlarged the flower and gift shop and dedicated a new chapel off the main lobby.
 2002: Mercy opened the Lundy Pavilion, enlarging the overall medical center by 25% and adding 500 stalls of more accessible parking.
 2009: Mercy added the 8th & 8th medical office building, a four-story, 72,000-square-foot facility next to the hospital.
 2012: Mercy opened the Hall-Perrine Cancer Center, a four-story, 86,000-square-feet facility with 27 infusion chairs or beds for chemotherapy and 16 exam rooms.

Local Competition
Mercy was the second hospital in Cedar Rapids, following St. Luke's establishment in 1884. The Cedar Rapids Gazette describes the relationship between the hospitals as, "shifting from cooperative to scrappy for decades." More recently, both Mercy and St. Luke's have faced competition from a local physician's group and from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

St. Luke's
A mix of cooperation and competition stands as a defining element of both Mercy and St. Luke's. The two facilities are located only five blocks from each other, anchoring Cedar Rapids' MedQuarter District. The hospitals serve the Cedar Rapids metro area of about 260,000 people, plus seven nearby counties. The two hospitals actively compete for patients, both at the hospitals and at outpatient clinics. Mercy co-owns the MercyCare clinic chain with clinic physicians. These clinics and Mercy Medical Center's offerings compete with St. Luke's UnityPoint Health brand. Mercy and UnityPoint push each other to offer new services and provide better quality, followed by rounds of advertising promoting the services and achievements.

This competition began before Mercy opened its doors, with some St. Luke's supporters objecting to a second hospital. Others, however, said the city needed the new hospital because, "St. Luke's Hospital is full to overflowing, and that a young man who died there yesterday could only be given a cot in the aisle."

At some times, the hospitals have cooperated extensively. In the 1950s through at least part of the 1970s, the two hospitals coordinated on services to be offered. The facilities attempted to split service specialites in order to reduce costs. Mercy, for example, led local cancer treatment efforts, while St. Luke's led on inpatient psychiatric care. In addition, the hospitals ran joint fundraising campaigns in 1956 and 1969.

Even at these times, however, competition flared up. For example, Mercy opened the area's first trauma center in 1970. In 1971, Mercy's administrator, Sister Mary Lawrence, told a reporter, "she felt all that would be necessary at St. Luke's would be first aid treatment." St. Luke's however, was already planning on expanding its emergency service to have 24-hour coverage by attending physicians and soon after launched its own trauma center.

The two-hospital debate centers on cost, quality and religious mission.
Cost
Advocates on the different sides of the debate disagree about whether the two-hospital situation increases or decreases healthcare costs. A former St. Luke's administrator estimated merging could save $30 million per year. Others offer examples where competition between the hospitals has reduced costs to insurance companies and patients.

Quality
Competitive pressures also push the hospitals to improve services and win quality awards, which are then marketed aggressively. For example, both hospitals won recognition as top 100 hospitals during 2018 and previous years. In addition to the University of Iowa Hospitals, Mercy and St. Luke's are ranked as the best hospitals in Iowa. In some rankings, Mercy Medical Center ranks as the best in Iowa.

Religion
In addition to business-related competition, the religious foundations of the hospitals was an element for many years. Mercy was (and still is) a Catholic organization. The Grace Episcopal Church founded St. Luke's, then turned it over to the Methodist Church in 1923. St. Luke's later shifted away from Methodist ownership and is now owned by UnityPoint.

Mercy's desire to remain an independent, Catholic organization has blocked efforts to merge the two hospitals. St. Luke's leadership pushed for a merger at least as early as 1984. Mercy, however, declined merger proposals as recently as 2015, with Mercy leadership saying, "We have no intention of joining a large, multihospital system... because our main focus is providing exceptional patient care for the citizens and employers in the Cedar Rapids area." Mercy also has declined affiliation with larger Mercy health systems.

Recent news
On June 13, 2008, flood waters in the hospital's basement and power outages forced Mercy to evacuate its patients to nearby facilities unaffected by the flood. Within a few days the water receded and the hospital began cleanup and repairs. Within a month, the hospital announced that it had fully recovered and all services were available.

In February, 2015, Mercy made international news when a dog traveled 20 blocks and entered the hospital, attempting to locate its hospitalized owner.

References

Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1903
Category:Buildings and structures in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Category:Catholic hospitals in North America
Category:Hospitals in Iowa


Helichrysum petiolare

Helichrysum petiolare, licorice-plant, (or liquorice plant), is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to South Africa — where it is known as imphepho — and naturalized in parts of Portugal and the United States. Growing to about  high and  broad, it is a trailing evergreen subshrub with furry grey-green leaves and small white flowers. Other common names include silver-bush everlastingflower, trailing dusty miller and kooigoed. The foliage has a faint licorice aroma.

Cultivation
It is cultivated for its foliage and as groundcover. This plant prefers sun to partial shade with well drained soil, being susceptible to root rot. It is hardy to zones 9-11, in mild or coastal areas where temperatures do not fall below freezing for extended periods. It requires a sheltered position in full sun.

Numerous cultivars have been developed, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

Biological
The name imphepho used in southern Africa refers to around 250 species from the genus Helichrysum. The Helichrysum species used as imphepho grow abundantly in South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho but especially around coastal areas and the largely arid Northern Cape province.
The plants grow abundantly in gardens and in the wild, for this reason most imphepho is harvested in the wild and commercial cultivation in South Africa is unknown.
Helichrysum species used as imphepho are hardy and adaptable, growing in a wide variety of soil types, are drought resistant, wind resistant and can survive light frost. The seeds are wind-dispersed.
Little preference is shown for specific types of imphepho. Amongst traditional healers, local availability is more important than a preference for a particular species. There is little evidence of medicinal properties being stronger in certain Helichrysum species and for ritual purposes they are all treated as exactly the same.
For medicinal and ritual purposes, it is mainly the areal parts of the plant that are used (most often dried, but also fresh), less commonly the roots.

Uses
Its traditional common name of kooigoed translates as "bedding stuff" and it is still used to provide a soft and aromatic mattress. It is listed as a weed in the state of California.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAL IPC - Helichrysum petiolare |url=http://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/inventory/weedlist.php|accessdate=21 June 2013}}</ref>

The essential oil has been investigated for its anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In South Africa it forms a component of traditional African medicine. The leaves and twigs are boiled and prepared as a sort of tea to soothe coughs and fever. The leaves are also applied to wounds to prevent infection, and are ceremonially burnt to produce a traditional incense.

 Medicinal uses
In its ritual use, imphepho is believed to invoke and placate the ancestors and to drive away malicious spirits; since these are regarded as common causes of illness in African traditional medicine, it is not surprising that imphepho is a very important medicinal plant in this traditional medical field.  Apart from its traditional importance, imphepho has been widely researched in recent years. A great deal of scientific and anecdotal evidence seems to support the claims of traditional healers.  Imphepho is traditionally used as a wound dressing. The plant has proven anti microbial properties and appears to work effectively as pain relief and as an anti-inflammatory, probably due to various volatile oils and flavanoids. Ash from burnt imphepho and fresh or dried areal parts of the plant are common ingredients in wound dressings; burning the plant causes chemical changes to the plant which affect its healing properties. The oils are said to be of great value in healing scars and acne, imphepho is believed to stimulate cellular regeneration. Imphepho is boiled either in water or milk to make a tea, it is used internally to treat coughs, colds, fever, infection, menstrual pain, headaches, insomnia, hypertension and even allergies and diabetes.  For pain relief and to treat coughs, colds, bronchitis and other chest infections the plant is burnt and the smoke inhaled. No evidence is available as to how effective imphepho is as a treatment for tuberculosis but the plant's common use in the area and the prevalence of the illness suggest that it may be ineffective.

The papery flowers of various species come in a range of colours with bright to dull yellow, white, pink and orange being most common. They are popular in flower arrangements and have been used in potpourri.

 Ritual uses

In traditional rituals and ceremonies imphepho is burnt in large quantities. It is usually burnt indoors and traditionally in a badly ventilated hut, the herb is used as incense but in such large quantities that it may resemble fumigation. Before and during consultations with the ancestors for the purposes of divination or otherwise, Sangomas will burn imphepho. The areal parts of the plant (leaves, twigs and flowers if the plant is in flower) are collected and tied up in tight bundles which are dried. A bundle of Imphepho can smoulder for quite a long time producing a great deal of smoke.
The herb is burnt to invoke, honour and placate the ancestors. Burning Imphepho is seen as a ritual offering.
The plant is mainly used in traditional ceremonies and rituals as well as African traditional medicine, but it may be used privately by individuals from time to time to ward off evil, dispel negativity, for meditation or other such purposes. Despite its mild psychoactive properties the plant is not commonly used recreationally as a mind-altering or consciousness-expanding herb.
Unlike many plants with magical properties ascribed to them which are used in traditional medicine and shamanism, Helichrysum'' species do not contain alkaloids, instead a mixture of flavanoids, volatile oils, sesquiterpenoids and acylated phloroglucinols seem to mimic the effects of alkaloid compounds on the central nervous system.
In order to experience the effects of imphepho a lot of smoke must be breathed in for a long time.
Euphoria, ecstasy, uncontrolled giggling and sedation are commonly experienced by people inhaling imphepho smoke. Violent mood swings, mental confusion and personality changes have not been reported. Other symptoms may be more rare and are normally seen in connection to the African traditional beliefs, mild hallucinations (such as seeing everything bathed in a gentle golden light) are seen as 'visions' and "speaking in tongues" has been known. Whether these are a result of the effects of the plant or of the psychological state of those involved in the rituals is uncertain. There is no evidence that even prolonged heavy use of imphepho can lead to any sort of physical or psychological dependency and there is no evidence of any health problems arising from prolonged use (apart from those associated with smoke inhalation perhaps).
Imphepho is an important part of African traditional medicine and rituals and the plant is revered, however little to no effort is made to protect areas in which the plant commonly grows. This may be because the plant is very common in Southern Africa. Although the use of imphepho in rituals and ceremonies is normally associated with African traditional beliefs, it is often burned as incense in South African Christian churches. Here it is assumed that its use is similar to that of frankincense and not associated with honouring the ancestors. The plant is commonly available and seldom sold for much money, it is difficult to say whether it is seen as a 'holy' or 'sacred' plant. The plant is believed to increase the spiritual awareness and psychic abilities of those who use it.
South African law protects the right of individuals to burn imphepho as part of ceremonies and rituals associated with traditional beliefs.
The dried bundle of imphepho is usually burnt in the middle of a (typically badly ventilated) room or hut in a potsherd. Smoking imphepho through a pipe or in a cigarette is unknown. The smoke has a smell which is not always liked by everyone, it has been described as being similar to mildew and camphor with fenugreek overtones.

References

Category:Annual plants
Category:Flora of Africa
Category:Flora of South Africa
Category:Health in South Africa
Category:Herbs
petiolare
Category:Perennial plants
Category:Plants used in traditional African medicine


Joaquín Blake

Joaquín Blake y Joyes (Vélez-Málaga, 19 August 1759 – 27 April 1827, Valladolid) was a Spanish military officer who served with distinction in the French Revolutionary and Peninsular wars.

Early military career
Partially of Irish descent his mother was from Galicia and his father an Irishman, Blake was born at Vélez-Málaga to an aristocratic family. In his youth, he saw action as a lieutenant of the grenadiers in the American Revolutionary War, taking part in the abortive siege of Gibraltar and the 1783 reconquest of Minorca from the British.

At the outbreak of war with France in 1793, Blake, a captain, took part in the invasion of Roussillon under General Ricardos. He was wounded at San-Lorenzo-de-la-Muga in 1794.

Peninsular War
Exploits in the field led to further promotions, and by the start of the Peninsular War in 1808, Blake held the rank of Lieutenant General. He was appointed head of the Supreme Junta's Army of Galicia (a paper force of 43,001 holding the Spanish left wing along the Cantabrian mountains) during the French invasions and fought well against Napoleon's Grande Armée despite the heavy odds against him.

Blake and Cuesta were defeated on 14 July at Medina del Rio Seco. Following the general French retreat prompted by the disaster at Bailén, Blake took up positions opposite the enemy on the banks of the Ebro. On 31 October Marshal Lefebvre's IV Corps fell upon Blake's 19,000 men at Pancorbo, turning back the hesitant Spanish advance. To his credit, Blake retreated swiftly and in good order, preventing Napoleon's planned envelopment and annihilation of the Spanish flank.

Furious, the Emperor dispatched Lefebvre and Victor in pursuit, the latter ordered to outmaneuver Blake and sweep across his line of retreat. The French were careless and allowed their forces to disperse during the pursuit. On 5 November Blake surprised his enemies again when, at Valmaseda, he suddenly turned about and attacked the French vanguard with seasoned troops, inflicting a stinging defeat on General Vilatte's leading division. However, another French corps then joined the chase, and Blake raced west once more to evade encirclement.

Blake chose to make another stand at Espinosa on 10 November. Victor, intent on avenging himself for his earlier humiliations at the hands of Blake, spent the day recklessly flinging his divisions against the Spaniards without success. The next day, however, a well-coordinated French attack shattered Blake's center and drove his army from the field in rout.

Although Blake lost only 3,001 men on the battlefield, many thousands more were dispersed in the hopeless confusion of retreat as the Spanish front disintegrated. Knowing the Army of Galicia to be irreparably shattered, Blake embarked on a grueling march west into the hills, outdistancing his pursuers under Soult. He reached Léon on 23 November with only 10,000 men. Command of what remained of the Army of Galicia then passed to General Pedro Caro y Sureda, 3rd marqués de La Romana.

Battle of Albuera

In 1810, Blake participated in the creation of a Spanish General Staff, which in the final years of the war began to restore coherence to the country's military enterprises. Poor battlefield performance had in large part been caused by the lethargy, mismanagement, and miscoordination of Spain's fragmented military administration.

On 16 May 1811 Blake fought the French at the Battle of Albuera alongside William Beresford's Anglo–Portuguese army. The Spaniards under Blake's command successfully held the allied flank against a strong French infantry, earning him a promotion to Captain General.

Blake was then transferred to eastern Spain to combat Marshal Suchet's advance on Valencia. Blake, after several defeats, ended up trapped in the city with his army, eventually surrendering on 8 January 1812 with his 16,000 troops, which marked the high point of French successes in eastern Spain.

Later life
In 1815 Blake was made Chief Engineer of the Spanish Royal Army. He died in 1827 in Valladolid, North Western Spain.

See also
 The Tribes of Galway

References

External links

A biography of General Joaquín Blake y Joyes By Rodolfo B.González

Further reading
Alexander, Don W. Rod of Iron: French Counterinsurgency Policy in Aragon During the Peninsular War (SR Books 1985) .
Esdaile, Charles J. The Spanish Army in the Peninsular War (Manchester University Press 1988) .
Fletcher, Ian Bloody Albuera: The 1811 Campaign in the Peninsular War (Crowood 2001) .
Gates, David The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War (W W Norton 1986) .
Oliver, Michael The Battle of Albuera 1811: Glorious Field of Grief (Pen and Sword 2007) .

Category:Spanish captain generals
Category:Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Category:1759 births
Category:1827 deaths
Category:Spanish people of Irish descent
Category:People from Málaga


American Birding Association

The American Birding Association (ABA) is a non-profit organization, founded in 1969, dedicated to recreational birding in Canada and the United States. It has been called "the standard-bearer for serious birding in North America." Originally concentrated on finding, listing, and identifying rare birds, the ABA now seeks to serve all birders with a wide range of services and publications.

History
In December 1968, in the first issue (volume 0, number 0) of The Birdwatcher's Digest, Jim Tucker proposed the formation of a group to be known as the "American Birdwatchers' Association" for the exchange of information and the comparison of birding lists.

On the suggestion of Stuart Keith, the next issue of Tucker's newsletter bore the name Birding (volume 1, number 1). This January/February 1969 issue
included a statement of intentions and objectives and three pages of lists, including the birders with the top ten lists for the world and for the area then covered by the Check-list of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). The organization was renamed the American Birding Association.  Expressly excluding conservation advocacy and ornithological research, the ABA's initial focus was on the hobby and sport of birding. Through its publications and events, the early ABA sought to connect avid birders, establish rules for listing, and communicate the latest identification techniques. By 1970, the organization had more than 500 members.

The first officers included Keith as president, Arnold Small as vice-president, and Tucker as secretary and treasurer.  Shortly thereafter, Joseph W. Taylor became treasurer, and Bob Smart joined as second vice-president.  Benton Basham became membership chairman in 1971, and was responsible for much of the organization's growth.

Beginning with volume 3 (1971), Birding was redesigned as a magazine; the annual page count increased to 258 from 96 in 1970.  The last issue of 1971 introduced a new full-color logo, designed by Guy Tudor, with the image of a red-billed tropicbird.

The ABA held its first convention in 1973 in Kenmare, North Dakota and its second in Leamington, Ontario.

Subsequent presidents of the organization  have included Arnold Small (1976-1979),  Joseph W. (Joe) Taylor (1979-1983), Lawrence G. (Larry) Balch (1983-1989), Allan Keith (1989-1993; 1997-1999), Daniel T. (Dan) Williams (1993-1997), and Jeffrey Gordon (2008–present).

Membership rose to 6,500 by October 1986 and first exceeded 10,000 in October 1992.  The ABA attained a high of 22,000 members in 2001.

A monthly newsletter, Winging It, was published from 1989 to 2012.  In 1998, the ABA assumed responsibility for the publication of the National Audubon Society's journal Field Notes, subsequently renamed North American Birds. The quarterly "Birder's Guide" first appeared in 2013.

In 2000, the ABA assumed management of the Institute for Field Ornithology workshops conducted by the University of Maine at Machias.

The ABA's mission has expanded to support conservation and research efforts, beginning with its partnership with Birders' Exchange, a program supplying research equipment to young scientists in Central and South America. Conservation-oriented content began to appear more frequently in Birding with the 2001 volume.

Publications
The ABA publishes three periodical publications, offering them in print and online formats. The ABA also hosts two blogs and a podcast. The ABA partners with and advises Scott & Nix, Inc., publisher of a series of recent and forthcoming ABA State Guides. The ABA also publishes a regularly updated Checklist and occasional eBooks and monographs.

Print publications
The ABA publishes Birding, its bimonthly magazine; North American Birds, the quarterly "journal of record" for North American birdlife; and Birder's Guide, a quarterly publication with a rotating schedule of themes. All three journals are offered in print and online formats.

The ABA has published bird-finding guides to various states and regions of the United States and the Caribbean (ten titles are in print). The ABA is a partner in the ongoing publication of a series of photographic field guides to the birds of particular states (twelve titles).

Online publications
The ABA maintains a multi-authored blog and a multi-voiced podcast; ABA's youth program hosts the blog The Eyrie. The ABA's journals Birding, North American Birds, and Birder's Guide are offered online, as well as in print.

ABA Checklist

The ABA publishes a checklist of the more than 1000 bird species found in the ABA Area (the entirety of the United States and Canada, plus St. Pierre et Miquelon). Updates to the most recent print edition are available on line. The Checklist provides the common names established and recommended by the American Ornithological Society, and it is one of the authorities consulted by the compilers of many popular bird identification guides in order to establish ranges and the status of populations.

Programs
The ABA offers birding camps, sponsors youth teams in birding competitions, provides scholarships, and conducts an annual ABA Young Birder of the Year Contest.

Members interested in bird listing share their totals at Listing Central.

The organization promulgates a Code of Birding Ethics, guiding birders to protect birds, the environment, and the rights of others.

In addition to offering ABA apparel, the organization has partnered with for-profit companies to sell identification and bird-finding guides, binoculars, and items related to conservation.

The ABA offers birding rallies, tours, and workshops (through the ABA Institute for Field Ornithology) throughout the world.  The IFO workshops, established to foster cooperation between professional and amateur ornithologists, blend classroom instruction and field study.

Awards

The ABA presents several awards for promoting the cause of birding, advancing the state of ornithology, and making significant contributions to education and conservation. In 1980, it initiated the Ludlow Griscom Award to recognize "outstanding contributions to excellence in field birding;" it is often called birding's highest honor.  In 2000, the awards program was expanded to include the Chandler Robbins Award for Education/Conservation, the Claudia Wilds Award for Distinguished Service, and the Roger Tory Peterson Award for Promoting the Cause of Birding.  The Robert Ridgway Award for Publications in Field Ornithology was added in 2002. The Griscom Award now specifically recognizes outstanding contributions to regional ornithology.

In 2014, the ABA introduced the Betty Petersen Award for Conservation and Community, to honor "those who have made great strides in expanding, diversifying, and strengthening the birding community, and those who have worked to build a support network for conservation."  The first, posthumous recipient was Betty Petersen.  In 2015, the award was granted to Jack Siler;  Ann Nightingale received the award in 2016; Judy Pollock was honored in 2017.

See also
 Big year
 The Big Year, 2011 film

References

Further reading
 "AMERICAN BIRDING ASSOCIATION A CLUB OF A DIFFERENT FEATHER" - Spokesman-Review
 "Guide to bird spotting in Alaska published" - HighBeam Research
 "Birders flocking to SE Texas" - The Beaumont Enterprise

External links

Category:Ornithological organizations in the United States
Category:Environmental organizations based in Colorado
Category:Organizations established in 1968


Kanmadam

Kanmadam () is a 1998 Indian Malayalam-language drama film, written and directed by A. K. Lohithadas. It stars Mohanlal, Manju Warrier, and Lal; K. P. A. C. Lalitha and Siddique appears in guest roles. The songs were composed by Raveendran, while S. P. Venkatesh composed the background score, Ramachandra Babu was the cinematographer and A. Sreekar Prasad was the editor. The film was produced and distributed by Pranavams International.

Kanmadam was released on 14 April 1998 on Vishu. The film received critical acclaim and was a commercial success at the box office. It completed 100 days run in theatres.

Plot

A thug, Vishwanathan, travels to a village in Kerala where a deceased man named Damodaran lived. Damodaran's grandmother was waiting for her grandson's return, unaware of his death.

Vishwanathan helps Damodaran's family by paying their debts and thus saves their home auction for not clearing the debt.

He falls in love with a high-tempered young woman named Bhanu (Damodaran's sister) before his best friend Johnny came for him. But Vishwanathan had to reveal the truth to Bhanu that he and Johnny accidentally killed Damodaran.

A series of events that follows causes misunderstanding between Vishwanathan and Johnny, and they become enemies. Later Johnny realizes his mistakes and they reconcile. Damodaran's family agrees to marry Suma to Johnny and Bhanu to Vishwanathan.

Cast
Mohanlal as Vishwanathan
Manju Warrier as Bhanu
Lal as Johnny
Mala Aravindan as Swami Velayudhan
Sreejaya as Suma
Dhanya Menon as Raji, Bhanu's younger sister (Voice dubbed by Sreeja Ravi)
Siddique as Damodaran
K. P. A. C. Lalitha as Yasodha Gopalakrishnan
Cochin Hanifa as a Police officer
Vimal Raj as Kumarettan
Sarada  Netyar as Bhanu's grandmother (Voice dubbed by Anandavally)
Usharani as Raakkamma
 Srihari
 Gayathri
 Mahima

Production
Lal played Johnny. Lal, was in his early career and had difficulty playing his character and decided to abandon the role. Lohithadas persuaded him to continue. His performance received appreciation.

For the role of Muthassi, they considered several actresses, but settled on Savithri Amma, who was not an actress. Cinematographer Ramachandra Babu recalls that she had "not seen a movie filming until then, but performed excellently. She enjoyed delivering natural dialogues. It can be seen in the film that she performed like an experienced artist in the scene were she cries remembering her grandson".

The film was shot in 55 days. Filming began in February 1998 two months before the scheduled release date.  Palakkad in Kerala was the main location, while some scenes were shot in Madras (now Chennai) in Tamil Nadu and Bombay (now Mumbai) in Maharashtra. The temperature was high during filming, which affected their work. Some of the crew suffered sun burn. Palakkad recorded the highest temperature in Kerala.

The screenplay was incomplete when filming began. Lohithadas wrote the scenes to be shot each day the same morning. Hence, filming often began late.

Blessy served as an associate director to Lohithadas in the film. A major part of the film was shot in Kava, near Malampuzha Dam in Palakkad. Their location was a rocky area, it was difficult to set tracks for the camera trolley. They borrowed apple boxes from Merryland Studio in Thiruvananthapuram, originally used by Berta for the film Vanaprastham. Bhanu's house in the film is situated on the top of a giant rock, her workplace  a forge set was created beside it. A quarry in Palakkad was another filming location.

Due to the season, most regions were dry. It was difficult to find a beautiful place for filming the song sequences. Due to time constraints they selected a greener area inside the dried out Malampuzha reservoir. After wrapping the shoot, they went to Madras for post-production. The outdoor scenes including Mohanlal, Siddique, and Lal were shot in Bombay. They returned to Madras to shoot the remaining indoor scenes in the studio, with a few outdoor scenes. A set was created in Madras for the scene where the Bombay police assault Viswanathan inside the lock-up. Film scoring, editing and dubbing were ongoing at the same time at AVM studio. The remaining song sequences were shot in the garden inside the studio.

They shifted to Thrissur, Kerala for filming the scene where Viswanathan goes to see his stepfather. They were denied permission at the planned site and switched to another location by evening where they filmed until sunrise.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack consists of five songs composed by Raveendran and written by Gireesh Puthenchery. The film score was done by S. P. Venkatesh. Babu remembers that "many of the crew were not happy with the song "Manjakkiliyude" when it was first heard at the location from a recorded track sung by Raveendran. Because it did not suit the voice of Raveendranm, but Yesudas with his voice made the song eternal".

Reception
The film was a critical and commercial success. It completed 100 days in two theatres—Sangeetha (Ernakulam) and Sreekumar (Thiruvananthapuram), and had a three week run in Bangalore.

References

External links

Category:1998 films
Category:1990s drama films
Category:Indian films
Category:1990s Malayalam-language films
Category:Pranavam Arts International films
Category:Films with screenplays by A. K. Lohithadas


Scarlet Pleasure

Scarlet Pleasure is a Danish R&B, soul, funk and pop musical trio made up of Emil Goll as lead vocals, Alexander Malone on bass and Joachim Dencker on drums. The formative years of the all-Danish trio was in New York City. They released their 2014 EP Mirage, 2016 album Youth Is Wasted on the Young and 2017 EP Limbo all charting on Tracklisten, the official Danish Albums Chart. The band is signed to Copenhagen Records.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

References

External links
Official website
Facebook

Category:Danish musical groups