Shalini Patil

Shalini Patil is the widow  of Former Maharashtra Chief Minister, Vasantdada Patil. Mrs. Patil,  more popularly known as Shalinitai, was also an important politician in her own right and held ministerial positions in the  Congress party Governments of Maharashtra during the 1980s.

Early Life and Politics
Shalini Phalke was born in 1931 in a relatively poor family. Her father believed in female education.
Shalini married Shyamrao Jadhav in the 1950s. She had four children with him and earned a law degree whilst married to him. Shalini entered politics when her children were young. Her first public position was as a member on Satara Zilla Parishad ( County Council). Later she was appointed as president of the women's wing of the MPCC (Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee)
Shyamrao died in 1964 and shortly after his death, Shalini married maratha politician Vasantdada Patil.

Political career
She held ministerial positions in the  Congress party Governments of Maharashtra during the 1980s. In 1981, she was instrumental in getting the then chief minister A. R. Antulay to resign. Shalinitai became active in Maharashtra politics after marrying Vasantdada Patil. She represented Sangli constituency in the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha) during a period in the 1980s. She has represented the constituency of Koregaon, Satara in the Maharashtra state legislative assembly, the (Vidhan Sabha) from 1999 to 2009. Prior to that she unsuccessfully contested the seat in 1990 and 1995 for the Janata dal and as an independent respectively.

During the 1970s, she founded a charity called Rajmata Jijau Pratishthan to raise funds for hospitals for the poor and women related activities. The charity was in the news for controversial granting of or purchase of land by the government for  the charity. Mrs. Patil was well known for speaking her mind, particularly about rights for the Maratha community. During her career, she has campaigned for more seats for women in elected bodies. She has also criticized  the Indian Central Government's move to extend 27.5 per cent reservation to OBCs in the central academic institutes such as IITs and IIMs. Since her then party, the Nationalist Congress Party led by Sharad Pawar supported this policy, Shalinitai was expelled from that party in 2006. In 2009, she launched a new party called Krantisena Maharashtra. The party did not attract much support and soon Shalinitai joined the Congress party.

References

Category:Women in Maharashtra politics
Category:Living people
Category:Marathi people
Category:7th Lok Sabha members
Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra
Category:People from Sangli district
Category:State cabinet ministers of Maharashtra
Category:Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
Category:Satara district councillors
Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra
Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra
Category:Marathi politicians
Category:20th-century Indian women politicians
Category:20th-century Indian politicians
Category:Women state cabinet ministers of India
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Roger Ballard

Roger Ballard (born in Kentwood, Louisiana) is an American country music singer-songwriter. His first single was "A Cheap Imitation of You" on the Swamp Pop label in 1990.

Ballard was signed to Atlantic Records, who released his debut album, A Little Piece of Heaven, on September 21, 1993. His single "Two Steps in the Right Direction" peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Larry Flick of Billboard called the song "a western swing therapy session."

Ballard is now the Emcee of Dolly Parton’s Stampede in Pigeon Forge,TN hosting hundreds of shows a year

A Little Piece of Heaven (1993)

Track listing

Singles

Music videos

References

Category:American country singer-songwriters
Category:American male singer-songwriters
Category:Living people
Category:Country musicians from Louisiana
Category:People from Kentwood, Louisiana
Category:Atlantic Records artists
Category:Songwriters from Louisiana
Category:Singers from Louisiana
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


RNLB Jesse Lumb (ON 822)

RNLB Jesse Lumb (ON 822) is a historic lifeboat. Built by J. Samuel White in 1939, Jesse Lumb served as the lifeboat at Bembridge on the Isle of Wight from 1939 to 1970, becoming the last of her type in service. Since 1980 she has been preserved at Imperial War Museum Duxford. In August 1999 she was inscribed on the National Register of Historic Vessels, becoming part of the National Historic Fleet.

Design and construction
Jesse Lumb is a 46-ft Watson-class lifeboat constructed from mahogany with a diagonally planked double skin. She was powered by two diesel engines with twin propellers, and displaced 20.5 tons. Jesse Lumb was named in honour of the owner of Folly Hall Mill in Huddersfield, and her construction funded by a £9,000 bequest by Annie Lumb, Jesse Lumb's sister. The lifeboat was named on 21 July 1939.

Operational service
Commissioned in summer 1939 Jesse Lumb served throughout the Second World War, saving 138 lives during the conflict. On the night of 29/30 January 1940, Jesse Lumb spent 14 hours at sea in freezing weather while rescuing the crew of the trawler Kingston Cairngorm off Chichester. Coxswain Harry J Gawn was later awarded the Royal National Lifeboat Institution's Bronze Medal. On 8 August 1940, during the Battle of Britain, Jesse Lumb went to the assistance of a Royal Air Force air-sea rescue launch that had been machine-gunned by German aircraft.

After the Second World War, Jesse Lumb participated in other notable rescues; on 5 December 1947 she rescued 18 crewmen from the trawler Erraid, and in 1968 assisted the diesel-electric submarine HMS Alliance after its stranding on Bembridge Ledge.

Preservation
Jesse Lumb's service at Bembridge ended in 1970. She then spent some years in the RNLI relief fleet before being acquired by the Imperial War Museum and placed on display at the museum's branch at Duxford in Cambridgeshire. She became part of the National Historic Fleet in August 1999, with certificate number 1759.

Notes

References

Category:Ships and vessels of the National Historic Fleet
Category:Ships preserved in museums
Category:Collection of the Imperial War Museum
Category:Watson-class lifeboats


Guy Caminsky

Guy Caminsky (born July 4, 1977 of Durban, South Africa) is a South African ten-pin bowler. He finished in 13th position at the 2006 AMF World Cup and was crowned the 2008 World Tenpin Masters Champion as he defeated PBA Bowler of the Year Chris Barnes in a nail biting finale. He has represented South Africa on numerous occasions which include the 2006 World Championships and the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

Guy Caminsky also owns a chain of bowling centres together with his father Stan Caminsky. The bowling centres are located in Gateway Shopping Centre, Greenstone Shopping Centre, Pavilion Shopping Centre and Windmill Casino. The chain is named The Fun Company .

Guy's mom (Megan) has stated that if Guy was born a female, she would have been called "Girl Caminsky"

Footnotes

External links
 Industry profile of Guy Caminsky

Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:South African Jews
Category:South African ten-pin bowling players


WARQ

WARQ is a radio station licensed to Columbia, South Carolina and serves the Columbia market. The Alpha Media outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast at 93.5 MHz with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 2.8 kW.  Its studios are on Pineview Road in Columbia, while the transmitter tower is located atop the Capitol Center building at 1201 Main Street. The station currently airs a contemporary hit radio station branded as "Q93.5".

WARQ broadcasts in the HD Radio (hybrid) format.

History
WARQ signed on the air as WXRY on February 6, 1971 in mono with a Beautiful/Easy Listening music format. Later, the station converted to FM stereo, still with a Beautiful/Easy Listening music format supplied on reel to reel tape by Schulke.

In 1983, the station adopted the call letters WCEZ and maintained the Beautiful/Easy Listening format, with the slogan "The Beautiful Place to Be" and "Easy 93 WCEZ."

Shortly after the sale of then WCEZ (along with sister WVOC AM 560) to Ridgley Communications, the station abandoned the automated reel-to-reel Beautiful/Easy Listening format to a light rock format that incorporated more vocals and fewer traditional instrumentals. WCEZ then adopted the moniker "Lite 93.5" and began broadcasting a satellite-delivered light rock format supplied by Westwood One networks known internally as "Format 41."

Ridgley Communications later filed for bankruptcy protection and a private ownership group in the Fall of 1989 purchased WCEZ/WVOC out of bankruptcy. The group of owners, which included Olympia Networks Steve Bunyard and broadcast veteran Rick Dames, organized and operated the stations under the Clayton Radio name.

In January 1990, Clayton Radio replaced Format 41 with a Gold-based WARM AC format developed by McVay Media. The station adopted the moniker Star 93.5 and the call letters WAAS. As unfortunate as the transpositions were, the call letters were designed to put the station at the top of the Arbitron rating service list of stations and stood for "We Are Always Shining." The jingles used by WAAS were customized versions of JAM's "Q-Cuts" package.

By 1992, WAAS was at a crossroads. The station was experiencing financial difficulties as well as a ratings battle with 2 other ACs in the market, WTCB and WSCQ (now known as WXBT). That August the station, in a rather bold move, dropped AC for Active Rock (with select Classic rock cuts) under the "Rock 93.5" handle. The new call letters became WARQ and the station set out to battle established AOR/Classic rock hybrid WMFX for the rock audience.

In early 1995, WARQ was sold to new owners and the studios were moved with new sister station WWDM. When the move was completed, a brief stunt was done on April Fools' Day when WARQ dropped Album Rock for Hip hop as "93 Jamz" for about an hour. After the stunting was done, Rock 93-5 was relaunched with a new on-air slogan "Real Rock".  At that point, the station segued toward a more Active/Alternative Rock hybrid, but would eventually become a full Alternative station by early 1996 dropping the "Real Rock" slogan in the process for "Columbia's Rock Alternative".

In 1999, a new handle known as "Channel 93-5" was adopted by Clear Channel. This lasted until 2004, when the "Rock 93-5" moniker was reclaimed after Inner City Broadcasting bought it.

From 2000-2003 WARQ hosted the Fallout concerts at Finlay Park, featuring popular bands of the time like Incubus and Our Lady Peace. WARQ hosted Fallout again from 2009-2012 outside of the now abandoned Jillian's bar in the Vista, and hosted Springout from 2010-'13 there also. Their lineup for Fallout '09 was Atlanta's Collective Soul (for their Collective Soul album, Atlanta's Cartel, and Charleston's Deepfield. In 2010, Fallout had Tennessee's Fuel, Jacksonville's Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, and Athens' Dead Confederate. In 2011, Fallout had Canada's Theory of a Deadman and Michigan's Pop Evil. In 2012, Fallout had Mississippi's Saving Abel, Charlotte's Paper Tongues, and Columbia's Weaving the Fate (Villanova). In 2010, WARQ's Springout had California's Papa Roach and Florida's Nonpoint. In 2011, Springout had Kentucky's Cage the Elephant and Atlanta's Manchester Orchestra (for their Simple Math album). In 2012, Springout had Awolnation and Neon Trees. In 2013, Springout had Jacksonville's Shinedown.

The station was owned for a bit by YMF Media LLC through licensee YMF Media South Carolina Licensee LLC. It is now owned by Alpha Media (formerly known as L&L Broadcasting) as of late 2013, which also bought Urban Contemporary WHXT, Urban AC WWDM, Modern rock WMFX, and Sports WOIC in the Columbia radio market at the time of purchase.

On March 21, 2014, after playing "Say Goodbye" by Theory of a Deadman, WARQ began stunting with a loop directing listeners to sister station WMFX.

On March 24, at Midnight, WARQ ended stunting and changed their format to hot AC, branded as "Q93.5".. However, the station gradually morphed into a Mainstream Top 40 by 2017

WARQ's new HD2 station Rock 99.7 The Panda (launched around Christmas 2016) plays active rock and modern rock, with only 2 minutes of commercials. They play 90s, 00s, 10s, and new alternative rock, like Rock 93.5 did.

Previous logo

References

External links

ARQ
Category:Radio stations established in 1971
Category:Alpha Media radio stations


Jeffrey Volk

Jeffrey "Jeff" Volk is an entrepreneur, digital media marketer and a business development executive. He is now Senior Vice President of Business Development at MLB (Major League Baseball) Advanced Media. Previously, he headed major web developments as the head of USTA's (United States Tennis Association) Digital Media team, shaping interactive and promotional campaigns. He is also the founding member of New York Venture Community (NYVC Sports) and a member of the executive committee at NextGen Angels NYC.

Education
Volk attended Brooks School from 1989 to 1993. He completed his Bachelor's degree in 1997 from the University of Pennsylvania. Jeff went to Leonard N. Stern School of Business at New York University and completed his Master of Business Administration in Digital Media and Entrepreneurship in 2008.

Career
Volk began his career in Ketchum's Brand Marketing and Sports Practice in 1997. He joined Scient in 2000 as a Business Analyst and Brand Strategist. He started working at the USTA in 2001 and stayed until 2007. Under the position of Director of Advanced Media, Volk oversaw the launch of USOpen.org with the technology of IBM. In 2005, USOpen.org introduced IBM's Point Tracker, Virtualization, and Flash oriented content. This technology from IBM also introduced a new component of Virtual Server. In 2006, Volk further helped in improving the managerial and customer interaction aspect of the website with ease of providing relevant material available for sponsors. During this time, site traffic grew from 2.7 million unique visitors in 2004 to 6.5 million in 2005 and 24 million in 2006. He also executive produced the first live streamed U.S. tennis match between Pete Sampras and Robby Ginepri, which was an exclusive online broadcast and not available on television.

In 2007, Volk joined Athletes' Performance (EXOS), as President of the Digital Media, where he oversaw business development and all digital revenue generating initiatives.

In 2010, Volk joined MLB Advanced Media, as Vice President of Business Development and he was promoted to Senior Vice President of Business Development in 2015. In his position, Volk has negotiated several key partnerships, including MLBAM's live streaming relationships with the PGA Tour which began around an Augusta picnic table and World Wrestling Entertainment. He was featured on a panel with WWE Hall of Famer Hulk Hogan at South by Southwest to discuss the WWE Network and the future of over-the-top video business models and streaming technology. Additionally, Volkhelped design a Baseball game on Facebook with World Golf Tour based on virtual reality, called WGT: Baseball. The game was the largest Baseball game with over 200,000 monthly users in 2012. Also in 2012, MLB Advanced Media became the official live video streaming partner of NY Tech Meetup, where Volk represented MLBAM when the announcement was made on-stage. Volk was also involved in a city-wide study, called The New York City Tech Ecosystem, which was conducted to amplify the technology industry's effectiveness in New York City.

Outside the office, Volk co-founded the New York Venture Community (NYVC Sports) along with Deepen Parikh in August 2012. It is a forum for investors, entrepreneurs and digital Sports executives to meet and discuss the future of the industry. This forum quickly caught prominence as sponsors such as Loeb & Loeb LLP joined. As featured in Sports Business Journal, the group provides an environment for sharing experiences, hiring employees and partnering ventures increased.

Additionally, Volk is also on the board committee of Sports for Youth; a charitable initiative within the UJA-Federation of New York and is a member of the Alumni Advisory Committee at Wharton's Sports Business Initiative at his alma mater, University of Pennsylvania. Volk was also featured at the 11th annual FSA Sports Media & Technology conference

References

Category:American businesspeople
Category:Living people
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:New York University Stern School of Business alumni
Category:Brooks School alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


WCOB

WCOB may refer to:

 WCOB (FM), a radio station (89.9 FM) licensed to serve Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania, United States
 FIBA Basketball World Cup


Cockrell Township, Chariton County, Missouri

Cockrell Township is a township in Chariton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Cockrell Township most likely has the name of Francis Marion Cockrell, a state legislator.

References

Category:Townships in Missouri
Category:Townships in Chariton County, Missouri


Morena (Maltese singer)

Morena (Margaret Camilleri, full name Margerita Camilleri Fenech) (b. 1984) is a singer from Sannat, Gozo, Malta. "Morena" means "brunette", which fits her complexion.

Morena in Eurovision
In 2006, Morena entered the Malta Song for Europe competition with Paul Giordimaina and the song "Time" they ended 9th with 3046 votes.

Two years later Morena entered Malta Song for Europe once again, with 2 songs, "Casanova" and "Vodka". They both passed through from the semi-final to the final. "Casanova" ended 5th with 3,607 televotes and 40 Jury Votes, while "Vodka" won the contest with 49 points from the jury and a total of 16,979 votes from the public (33%).

Morena took part in the second semi-final of the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade on 22 May. However, she did not make it to the final evening.

References

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2008
Category:Gozitan singers
Category:Malta Song for Europe contestants
Category:Maltese Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Category:Maltese female singers
Category:Maltese pop singers
Category:People from Sannat
Category:21st-century women singers


Hermann Bartels

Hermann Bartels (14 April 1900, in Minden – 13 January 1989, in Essen) was a German architect and member of the Nazi Party and the SS.

Bartels was close to Heinrich Himmler, who put Bartels to work on his pet project of rebuilding castles, and as such the Reichsführer-SS gave Bartels in June 1942 the rank of SS-Standartenführer. In this capacity it was Bartels who redesigned Wewelsburg as both the SS school and host of meetings of the leadership. Bartels was attached to the Wewelsburg Office, headed by Standartenführer Siegfried Albert Taubert, from 1934 to 1937. Bartels designs made liberal use of the Black Sun occult symbol, specifically on the floor of the Marble Hall and as such helped to promote its later use by neo-Nazis and Nazi mystics. Slave laborers attached to Concentration camp Niederhagen built his villa there. He also redesigned the official residence of Joseph Goebbels after the propaganda minister had declared himself unsatisfied with the original plans designed by Albert Speer.

Bartels also filled the role of Gaukulturwart (Districy cultural leader) in Münster demonstrating a keen interest in conservation in this post.

References

Category:1900 births
Category:1989 deaths
Category:20th-century German architects
Category:Nazi architects
Category:SS-Standartenführer
Category:People from Minden
Category:People from the Province of Westphalia


Kenneth Donlan

Joseph Kenneth Donlan (27 September 1927 – 23 May 1994) was a British newspaper editor.

Donlan was born in Salford and worked for the Daily Mail for 25 years at their offices in London and Manchester. In 1971 he moved to rival tabloid The Sun where he became news editor. He was briefly editor of the News of the World from 1980 to 1981 before returning to The Sun as managing editor. In 1989, he became the first national newspaper ombudsman in the United Kingdom.

Donlan died at the age of 66 in Chislehurst.

References

Category:1927 births
Category:1994 deaths
Category:People from Salford
Category:British newspaper editors
Category:News of the World people
Category:Daily Mail journalists
Category:The Sun (United Kingdom) people


2016 IAAF World U20 Championships – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw event at the 2016 IAAF World U20 Championships was held at Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium on 20 and 22 July.

Medalists

Records

Results

Qualification
Qualification: 72.00 (Q) or at least 12 best performers (q) qualified for the final.

Final

References

Hammer throw
Category:Hammer throw at the World Athletics U20 Championships


Pye Road

Pye Road is a Roman road running from the capital of the Iceni at Venta Icenorum (Caistor St Edmund near Norwich) to the original Roman provincial capital and legionary base at Camulodunum (Colchester). The road was later extended, connecting it to the new provincial capital north of the bridge over the Thames at Londinium (London), although that part of the route is also known by the name the

Route
The road runs from Venta Icenorum (Caistor St Edmund) to Camulodunum (Colchester), partly sharing a route with the A140 road. Between Colchester and London, the path of the former gravel road is not as certain, but it is believed to follow Ilford's High Street, Romford Road (A118), a now unpaved route through the present Olympic Park, and then the line of Whitechapel Road to Aldgate in the northeast corner of the City of London.

See also
Boudica's Way

References

Category:Roman roads in England
Category:Archaeological sites in Essex
Category:Archaeological sites in Norfolk
Category:Archaeology of Norfolk


Showdown (Flynn novel)

₯
Showdown is a romantic adventure novel written by famous Tasmanian-born actor Errol Flynn (1909–1959). It was first published in 1946 by Invincible Press (Australia) and subsequently in the UK in 1952 and in paperback in 1961. Flynn draws on his experiences working in and around New Guinea when young to provide the background. Accounts of his sailing in New Guinea waters appear in his autobiographies, Beam Ends (1937) and My Wicked, Wicked Ways (1959).

The novel is dedicated to German-American artist John Decker, who painted Flynn's portrait, translated in the same year to Spanish as Un drama en los Mares del Sur (Renacimiento, 1946).

Background
The novel was originally called One Man in His Time and then Charlie Bow Tie Proceeds.

While writing it he was also reported to be working on another book, a novel about the nephew of Montezuma fighting the Conquistadores, called Cuautenos.

References

Category:1946 Australian novels
Category:New Guinea


2010 ATP Studena Croatia Open Umag – Doubles

František Čermák and Michal Mertiňák unsuccessfully defended their title, after lost to Leoš Friedl and Filip Polášek in the final 3–6, 6–7(7–9).

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Doubles Draw

ATP Studena Croatia Open Umag - Doubles


Parul Mukherjee

Parul Mukherjee is a Comilla, Bangladesh-based revolutionary exploit during the Indian revolution. Mukherjee was called as Nihar, Arti, Santi, Sovarani Bose, Bani, Suroma Devi, and Khuki to maintain the secrecy during the Indian revolution.

Titagarh conspiracy case
Mukherjee was in charge of a house at Titagarh, a Municipality of North 24-Parganas District in the Indian State of West Bengal and provided shelter for revolutionary fugitives escaped from jail. In 1936, Purnananda Das Gupta and Sitanath Dey along with other revolutionaries who escaped from the Alipore Jail had taken shelter at the Titagarh House.

On 30 January 1936, she was arrested along with thirty-three people from the hiding place of Titagarh which led to the Titagarh Conspiracy Case. Jitendra Mohan Banerjee represented her in the case against the Emperor. Mukherjee along with other Anushilan Samiti leaders, workers and absconders were convicted and put behind bars on 9 May 1938.

Parul Mukherjee was unmarried and later self-retired from public life.

References

Category:People from Comilla
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing


Sokoumba

Sokoumba is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.

External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com

Category:Populated places in Bamingui-Bangoran
Category:N'Délé


Philippines national junior handball team

The Philippines national junior handball team is the U-21 national team of the Philippines. It takes part in international handball competitions and is governed by the Philippine Handball Federation.

History
The national team made its international debut at the 2014 IHF Trophy - Zone 1B (Southeast Asia) Zone which took place from 8-12 December, 2014 in Nusajaya, Malaysia. The tournament also saw the national teams of Brunei, Thailand, Singapore and the hosts Malaysia. The Philippines defeated Brunei, also making their debut in international handball, in their opening match with the score 35-6 at the EduCity Indoor Stadium.

Recent Fixtures and Results

References

Category:Men's national junior handball teams
handball junior


Jonas (TV series)

{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Jonas
| image                = JONAS LA.png
| caption              =
| show_name_2          = Jonas L.A. | genre                =
| creator              = Michael CurtisRoger S. H. Schulman
| developer            = The Walt Disney Company
| starring             = Kevin JonasJoe JonasNick JonasChelsea StaubNicole AndersonJohn Ducey (season 1)
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme            = "Live to Party" by Jonas Brothers
| composer             = Kenneth Burgomaster
| country              = United States
| language             = English
| num_seasons          = 2
| num_episodes         = 34
| list_episodes        = List of Jonas episodes
| executive_producer   = Michael CurtisRoger S. H. Schulman(both; season 1)Paul HoenLester Lewis<small>(both; season 2)
| producer             = Mark Spitz
| location             = Hollywood Center Studios, Hollywood, California (taping location, season 1)
| cinematography       =
| camera               = Film; Single-camera
| runtime              = 25 minutes
| company              = It's a Laugh ProductionsMantis Productions (season 1)Turtle Rock Productions
| distributor          = Disney–ABC Domestic Television
| channel              = Disney Channel
| picture_format       = 480i (SDTV)1080i (HDTV)
| audio_format         =
| first_aired          =
| last_aired           =
| followed_by          =
| related              = Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream (2008, 2010)
| website              = http://tv.disney.go.com/disneychannel/jonas/index.html
| website_title        = Official Website
| production_website   =
}}Jonas (also known as Jonas L.A. for the second season), is a Disney Channel Original Series created by Michael Curtis and Roger S. H. Schulman, starring the Jonas Brothers. The pilot was filmed in September 2008, the series premiered on Disney Channel on May 2, 2009, and became available on demand starting on April 25, 2009.Jonas is the first Disney Channel Original Series since Phil of the Future not to be shot on videotape in a multi-camera format, be filmed before a live studio audience, or use a laugh track. The series was the first on the network to premiere on a Saturday night, part of a deliberate strategy by Disney to open up the night to original programming.

On November 9, 2009, it was announced that Jonas was being picked up for a second season. On May 5, 2010, it was revealed that the name of the series was changed to Jonas L.A., reflecting the move to Los Angeles, making it the first Disney Channel sitcom to have the show's main setting change during the course of the series. The second season premiered on June 20, 2010 and ended on October 3, 2010. In November 2010, Disney Channel announced the series was canceled after two seasons.

About
Shortly after the Jonas Brothers guest starred on the Hannah Montana episode "Me and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas", development for a TV series and Disney Channel Original Movie called Camp Rock starring the Jonas Brothers began.

The original concept for the TV series was about the band playing concerts as a cover while working as government secret agents to save the world and was entitled Jonas (an acronym which stood for "Junior Operatives Networking as Spies"). At the same time, they tried to hide their double lives from their mother and Frankie. Meanwhile, Stella, ignorant of the Jonas' double lives, dated each of the famous brothers without informing the others and reported the details in her teen magazine column. Said Staub, "So pretty much the entire show, it's all of us lying to each other, and kind of everything backfiring, and us getting caught in awkward situations." She described the concept as, "like The Monkees and a little of bit of Mr. & Mrs. Smith. There's going to be fun action sequences and still be a sitcom".

The Jonas pilot was shot in 2007, but the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike impeded progress. However, Disney Channel Asia aired it during the Sneak Peak 2008. Instead, Disney Channel filmed a mini reality show, the 2008 Disney Channel Original Short Series Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream, which followed the Jonas Brothers on a concert tour and premiered May 16. A few weeks later on June 20, 2008, the Disney Channel Original Movie Camp Rock, in which the brothers starred as the fictional band "Connect 3", debuted. The Jonas Brothers also released Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience, a Disney Digital 3-D concert film. "After this rush of releases, the Jonas Brothers became too popular to imagine them as anything but more dramatic versions of themselves," explained executive producer Michael Curtis. "The spy concept was very big and very ambitious and it started to not feel quite right. As the band got bigger and bigger, doing a show that captured more of their real lives and trying to turn that into a more grounded, real version of what they might be doing became more interesting to do and more fun to do.". "It is now about us being a band and balancing a normal life," Nick Jonas told Access Hollywood. The title of the series changed from J.O.N.A.S. to JONAS, dropping the acronym but remaining in all capitals.

Producers have drawn connections between Jonas and productions by earlier bands. Show creator and producer Roger S. H. Schulman claims that "It's hard not to make parallel comparisons to The Beatles in 1962 and 1963 when you see the kind of response that the Jonas Brothers' fans have to them," and describes the 1964 A Hard Day's Night and 1965 Help! as "very much a template" for the series. Producers and critics have also compared the series to The Monkees, a popular but short-lived mid-1960s television comedy also following a real life band. At the Television Critics Association winter press tour in January 2009, Gary Marsh, entertainment president of Disney Channel Worldwide, described Jonas as a cross between The Monkees and Flight of the Conchords. The Chicago Sun-Times remarks that Joe Jonas parallels "goofy Micky Dolenz", Kevin Jonas "quirky Michael Nesmith", and Nick Jonas "dreamy Davy Jones". The Jonas Brothers reportedly watched episodes of The Partridge Family and The Monkees "for literally three days straight" for inspiration.

Characters

Main
 Joseph "Joe" Lucas (Joe Jonas) – Joe is known as the teen heartthrob of the group. He performs lead vocals, as well as keyboards and the rhythm guitar for the brothers' band, JONAS. Girl crazy and flirtatious, Joe will go to any length to get a girl to like him. He is shown to be the most superficial and appearance oriented member of the band, and is obsessed with his hair. Joe tends to be goofier than Nick, but is not quite as quirky as Kevin. Joe likes stuffed animals that make noises. His pockets and backpack are seemingly bottomless and capable of holding comically large quantities. He always carries a blue panda pencil with him. Joe and Stella – the brothers' childhood friend and band's stylist – are shown to have mutual romantic feelings for one another from the beginning, but both agree that they will not go out, as a potential break-up could ruin both their longtime friendship and working relationship. However, this agreement does nothing to quash Joe's crush on Stella, and he often flirts with her and tries to spend as much time with her as possible. Near the end of season 1, in the episode "Double Date", Joe and Stella kiss, resolving their romantic tension. They soon decide to become a couple. When the brothers move to Los Angeles, Joe decides to spend his time exploring a career in acting and the film industry. He lands a role in a movie with famous actress Vanessa Page. In the first episode of season 2, "House Party", Stella witnesses Joe hugging Vanessa, which hurts her and leads to her telling Joe that she'd rather they stay friends. Following the breakup, Joe becomes very jealous when Ben asks Stella out and she accepts. Joe then decides to pursue Vanessa. With Stella dating Ben and Joe dating Vanessa, they still have feelings for one another – however, both parties are oblivious to this fact. Joe eventually breaks up with Vanessa after discovering that she dislikes Stella, whom he loves. At the end of the series, he and Stella reunite as a couple, after they both finally become aware of their feelings.
 Kevin Percy Lucas (Kevin Jonas) – Kevin is the oldest of the brothers, and is usually seen as wild and goofy. Kevin is known to think outside of the box, and likes to imagine wacky animals, such as an otter that can play the trumpet and a bear in a bikini. Kevin often comes up with plans that are insane or impossible, which can make him look naïve and unintelligent. However, he shows glimpses of profound thoughts and intellect, and sometimes comes up with genuinely good ideas. Kevin is shown to be very honest, as he's a poor liar; when he lies, his voice becomes comically high-pitched. He owns a full moving rack of guitars, and likes woodland creature stuffed animals. He plays lead guitar and does backup vocals in the brothers' band JONAS, though he once performed lead vocals. He had a crush on a girl that he met in Scandinavia and, when that romance didn't work out, fell for another girl from France, which suggests that he has an affinity for foreign girls. He is more of a risk taker than his brothers. Despite sometimes having a bit of a rivalry (like when they're both vying to get a spot in Justin Timberlake's ping-pong tournament), Nick and Kevin are very close. He also enjoys filmmaking, which is shown in "Direct to Video", where Kevin very much wants to direct the band's new music video. His middle name, Percy, is revealed by Nick in "Date Expectations"
 Nicholas "Nick" Lucas (Nick Jonas) – Nick is portrayed as being the calm and collected member of the band. He has many short-lived relationships, and his family has criticized him for falling in love too fast. Nick is much more serious than his brothers, sometimes losing his patience with Kevin's silly antics. Nick likes stuffed animals that swim. Nick is the drummer for JONAS, and he occasionally plays the guitar and rhythm guitar for the band. When he was a baby, according to his family, he never smiled – Nick claims he was waiting for his teeth to come in (however, when Joe asks what his excuse is now, he does not have a response). Nick is also the mastermind of creative plans gone awry, and can keep a level head amid chaos. He is also seen baking many times in the show; Kevin is unable to resist his blue cookies. In season 2, he develops a relationship with Macy Misa, being smitten by her transformation into a different and more relaxed person who no longer acts like a rabid fangirl to the band. His moments with Macy tend to get interrupted by DZ, to humorous effect. In "The Secret", Nick is forced to watch over Big Man's niece, Kiara (China Anne McClain), who is aware that he and Macy are dating. In exchange for her silence about their relationship, Nick begrudgingly agrees to do a collaboration with her. He ends up telling the rest of the friends about his relationship through the song that he and Kiara made. Nick is seen to be very thoughtful, and makes a handmade mug for Macy for their one-month anniversary, after learning from Kevin that she likes homemade gifts.
 Stella Malone (Chelsea Kane Staub) – Stella is Jonas's stylist. She is best friends with Macy and is the brothers' childhood friend – she has known the boys since she was three. Stella and Joe both know that they like one another, but don't date, as they don't want a potential breakup to ruin their friendship. However, she gets jealous if she sees Joe with another girl, which was shown when she thought Joe and Macy were dating. Stella created an automated outfit selector called the StellaVator, and is constantly trying to adapt clothes to Jonas's hectic lifestyle. She gets annoyed when her outfits get ruined, which happens a lot more than she'd like. She is addicted to texting, and always has her phone on her. Stella also tries her best to help Macy talk to Jonas normally, instead of like an obsessed fangirl. Unlike her best friend Macy, who is a great athlete, Stella is horrible at sports. She is, however, an excellent seamstress, and once created a dozen girls' volleyball uniforms with very little notice. In the episode "Double Date", Joe and Stella kiss, and soon become a couple. However, at the beginning of season 2, she sees Joe hugging Vanessa Page, and assumes that they are romantically involved. The incident with Vanessa makes her decide that she only wants to be friends with Joe, rather than be in a relationship. While hiking with Macy, she meets a boy named Ben, whom she goes out with, much to Joe's disappointment. In the episode "America's Sweethearts", Stella is jealous when Joe's producer asks him to kiss Vanessa. After Joe says that he likes Vanessa, she lies to him, saying that Vanessa doesn't like him back. Stella feels guilty, and admits that she lied. Joe and Vanessa date, and Stella tries her best to not be jealous and spends time with Ben. Neither Joe nor Stella have lost their feelings for one another, however, after Vanessa tells Joe that she doesn't like Stella, Joe breaks up with her. After finally realizing that they both love one another, Stella and Joe become a couple in the series finale.
 Macy Misa (Nicole Anderson) – Macy is Stella's best friend, as well as the president of JONAS's fan club. In season 1, whenever she approaches the members of Jonas, she becomes incredibly nervous and excited, and either faints or accidentally injures them. She commonly steps on the boys' feet, or hits them in the head with her sports equipment. She often refers to each boy as "(first name) of JONAS." When she dates a boy, Randolph, she tries to make him into a JONAS member, even calling the boy "Nick" as a "nickname". Macy is very athletic, and plays on a number of sports teams. She also works in her mother's thrift store, called Misa's Pieces. Macy is revealed to be tone deaf, so much so that, according to Stella, they once called Animal Control under the belief that Macy's singing was an injured manatee at a softball game. Macy's obsessed fangirl attitude about Jonas changes into a real friendship with the boys late in season 1, as she begins to see them as people rather than popstars. In the episode "Frantic Romantic", she and Stella attend a Hollywood Private Party with the boys. In season 2, Macy is shown to have greatly changed, no longer being a crazy fan. This different attitude and the appearance of her real personality intrigues Nick, who eventually falls for her. Her moments with Nick tend to get interrupted by DZ, to a comical effect. In the episode "The Secret", it officially shows that Macy and Nick are dating – however, they want to keep their relationship a secret. It is revealed in a later episode that she has many brothers, and they are a big golfing family. It is also revealed that her mother taught her to play golf and her family only gives handmade gifts. Nick tries to please Macy by making her a mug for their one-month anniversary. Nick and Macy's relationship is eventually revealed, and by the end of the series, they are openly dating and happy with each other.
Thomas “Tom” Jonas(John Ducey; main, season 1; guest, season 2) – Joe, Nick, Kevin, and Frankie's father, as well as the manager of Jonas. He is sometimes the voice of reason when his boys have crushes on girls. In his downtime, he often plays hide and seek with Frankie. He is usually nervous when famous people interview the band. It is also shown that he likes woodland creature stuffed animals that can swim and make noises, which are combinations of his son's favorite toys. He is a main character in season 1. In season 2, he appears as a guest in one episode.

Recurring
 Frankie Lucas  (Frankie Jonas) – Frankie is the youngest Lucas brother. He is constantly trying to get in the Jonas spotlight. Frankie hopes to get a chance to perform with the band, but his brothers don't think that is likely. Frankie can move very fast, and is an expert at hide-and-seek. He's also very skilled in getting his way. He was raised in New Jersey, and enjoys playing ping-pong. He has a crush on Macy, and was briefly mad at Nick for dating her, even going to lengths to try and "steal" her.
 Big Man (Robert "Big Rob" Feggans) – He is the bodyguard who escorts the band everywhere. He is seen to live with the boys in L.A. He has a niece, Kiara.

Season 1
 Sandy Lucas (Rebecca Creskoff) – She is the mother of Kevin, Joe, Nick, and Frankie, and is Tom's wife. She's down to earth and always proud of her sons, despite their mistakes. Mrs. Lucas just wants to have a normal family, but has acknowledged that it may not be possible with famous children. She is mostly an off-screen character.
 Van Dyke Tosh (Chuck Hittinger) – He is Stella's occasional love interest, who habitually makes Joe jealous. Van Dyke asks Stella on a date in the episode "Double Date", which causes Joe to crash their date.
 Mrs. Snark (Tangelina Rouse) – The biology/drama teacher who loves Joe, Nick, and Kevin. Much to Joe's chagrin, she often gives them preferential treatment in school, sometimes causing tension between the boys and other students. Her niece is a huge Jonas fan.

Season 2
 Dennis Zimmer "DZ" (Adam Hicks) – A new friend who the band meets while in L.A. He is the son of a very wealthy and successful record producer. He shows the band the "hot spots" in Los Angeles. He is very fun and outgoing. He is also an aspiring rapper, and tries to get his father to listen to his songs but can never get the chance.
 Vanessa Paige (Abby Pivaronas) – A popular actress who co-stars with Joe in a big-time film, "Forever April". She is also briefly his girlfriend on the show, until he breaks up with her because she dislikes Stella.
 Lisa Malone (Beth Crosby) – Stella's aunt who Stella and Macy stay with while residing in Los Angeles. She doesn't want them to date rock stars, as she made the mistake of dating rock stars twelve times. She appears in nearly all of the episodes in season 2, despite not being a main character.
 Mona Klein (Debi Mazar) – The director of Forever April. In "Up in the Air", after Joe and Vanessa break up, Mona gives some advice to Joe, saying "when you find something real, never let it go".
 Kiara Tyshanna (China Anne McClain) – The niece of Big Man. She is the first one to find out about Nick and Macy dating.

 Production
The series was shot at Hollywood Center Studios, which has also been the home to several other Disney Channel sitcoms over the years including The Suite Life on Deck and Wizards of Waverly Place. The series was originally set in New Jersey for the first season, with comedic storylines on the boys trying to lead "normal" lives while being famous. For the second season, the setting changed to Los Angeles, and shifted towards a more drama, serial-driven story line.

In November 2010, Disney Channel officially announced that Jonas L.A. would not return for a third season. The network did mention, however, that they would be working with the Jonas Brothers in the future. As of 2019, Jonas L.A. remains the only Disney Channel Original Series produced by It's a Laugh Productions to not be filmed before a live studio audience.

In their 2019 documentary Chasing Happiness, the brothers revealed that they regretted doing the second season of Jonas. Nick said that the show limited their growth as a band, while Kevin expressed the show was "not good", and Joe said it "did not feel like us."

 Casting
Nicole Anderson also auditioned for the role of Stella, but actress Chelsea Staub ended up winning the part. According to Staub, her previous work with director Sean McNamara helped her land the role. After the series plot changed, producers decided to create a best friend for Stella and offered Anderson, Staub's real life best friend, the role of Macy.Jonas was intended to star Kevin, Nick, and Joe Jonas, who lend their first names to their television counterparts. The role of Frankie Lucas was also created with Frankie Jonas in mind. In addition, Robert "Big Rob" Feggans, the Jonas Brothers real-life head of security, plays The Big Man, the JONAS bodyguard.

 Episodes

Broadcast

Season 1
The series originally premiered on May 22, 2009 on Disney Channel. It premiered on June 12, 2009 on Family Channel, on June 15, 2009 on Disney Channel (Australia and New Zealand) as well as on TV2 in New Zealand on April 17, 2010, on August 9, 2009 on Disney Channel (Southeast Asia), on September 11, 2009 on Disney Channel (UK and Ireland), on October 10, 2009 on Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa), an on November 30, 2009 on Disney Channel (India).

Season 2
The second season originally premiered on June 20, 2010. It premiered on July 23, 2010 in Canada, on September 6, 2010 in Australia, on the same date in New Zealand and on May 31, 2012 on TV2, on October 23, 2010 in Southeast Asia, on August 13, 2010 in the UK and Ireland, and on September 18, 2010 in South Africa.

Home media
Season 1
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Title
! Release Date
! Episodes
|- style="text-align:center;"
|| JONAS: Rockin' The House|| September 22, 2009 (USA)
|| Wrong Song, Groovy Movies, Pizza Girl, Chasing the Dream, Band's Best Friend, Cold Shoulder, Beauty and the Beat
|-
| colspan="3" | Bonus features are five episodes from the series plus two never-before aired episodes and a special feature titled You've Just Been Jo' Bro'd: Surprising Chelsea Staub.
|- style="text-align:center;"
|| I Heart JONAS|| January 26, 2010 (USA)
|| Karaoke Surprise, Love Sick, Frantic Romantic, The Three Musketeers, Forgetting Stella's Birthday, Double Date, Fashion Victim.
|-
| colspan="3" |Bonus features are seven episodes from the series and a special feature titled You've Just Been Jo' Bro'd: Surprising Jordin Sparks.
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

On August 23, September 6, September 20, three volumes making up the entire first season of JONAS were released on Region 2 DVD in the United Kingdom and Region 4 in Australia. The volumes include new cover arts and different titles for both volumes released in the U.S. (previously "I Heart Jonas" & "Rockin' The House"). The three new titles being, "Rockstars In the House" "Ready To Rock" and "Keeping It Real", with episodes released in airing order.

Video game
Disney Interactive Studios released a video game based on the series for the Nintendo DS console system. It was released on November 10, 2009 in America. The game is based on many of the sets used in the TV show. The player can play as any of the brothers, play 6 concerts, and juggle school.

The game was not well received, mainly due to shoddy graphics and bad gameplay, as stated on IGN, only earning an average score of 4.0 (out of ten.)

Music

Season 1

Jonas is a soundtrack by the American pop rock group Jonas Brothers featured the songs from the first season of Jonas. The soundtrack was never released as John Fields stated that it was "never really meant to be a record". Only the songs from the second season were included in the official soundtrack, Jonas L.A.. Some songs from the first season were never leaked or released complete.

Songs information
 The full version of "Live to Party" was featured on Disney Channel Playlist, the video game "Jonas" and a UK bonus track for their third album, A Little Bit Longer.
 The full version of "Give Love a Try" was featured on Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 12.
 The full version of "Keep It Real" was featured on Lines, Vines, and Trying Times and the video game "Jonas".
 The full versions of "Tell me Why", "Work It Out", "Love Sick" and "Time Is On Our Side" were featured on the video game Jonas. Also, the full versions of the six songs of the video game were posted on YouTube in January 2010.

Track listing

Season 2

Music videos

Reception

Critical reception
Jonas received mixed to negative reviews for its premiere. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly called the show "The Monkees for millennials" and enjoyed the featured Jonas Brothers music. Variety magazine reviewer Brian Lowry believed that Jonas Brothers' adorers would be pleased with the result, and that those who are not fans would still find an amiable charm within the series. Paige Wiser of the Chicago Sun-Times found the series better than Hannah Montana, but commented that Nick Jonas's reserved nature made him the weak link of the premiere episode and that the boys' amateur acting is "endearing until they play a scene opposite someone with real comedic timing – like John Ducey." The New York Times''' John Carmanica was also disappointed with Nick's performance, particularly because, according to Carmanica, he gives off the savviest air in the band's off screen life. Carmanica also criticizes the series' script as blithe, unfunny, and "seeded with profound cynicism", but praised the believable fraternal interactions and Kevin Jonas's acting.

 Viewer reception
The series was the first series on Disney Channel to premiere on a Saturday night, part of a deliberate strategy by Disney to open up the night to original programming and compete with Nickelodeon's traditional dominance of the evening. The show was paired with the established series Wizards of Waverly Place, which moved from a Sunday early evening timeslot, in the 8 p.m. (Eastern Time) slot. The series debuted on Disney Channel on May 2, 2009, and drew a solid 4.00 million viewers in the US, 73% of which was female. While this amounted to Disney Channel's best ratings in the time slot in eight months,EW.com  it was also Disney Channel's second-lowest rated live-action series premiere in nearly four years. The Hollywood Reporter comments that "Jonas didn't do poorly, exactly. [...] It's just that one expects the premiere of a show by a heavily promoted major Disney brand like the Jonas Brothers to make a bigger splash."

Viewership for the series second episode the following week fell sharply to nearly half its premiere audience—2.2 million total U.S. viewers and beyond cable's Top 100, which E!: Entertainment Television notes "in the grand scheme of things, is still a very good showing - unless you're trying to live up to the media's expectations for a world famous act." E! credits the decline to the premiere of Nickelodeon's hour-long iCarly special, "iDate a Bad Boy", which earned 6.5 million viewers. Ratings improved over the following episodes, and the New York Times reported, "If "Jonas" can dent ratings for iCarly […] the brothers’ sitcom will be considered a big success internally. However, just weeks after its premiere Disney Channel moved Jonas and Wizards of Waverly Place to Sunday and Friday evenings, respectively, and began airing movies in its old timeslot. In its Sunday timeslot, Jonas'' has been doing well in key kids demographics and averaging 3.4 million viewers.

However, the move to Sundays and Fridays and declining ratings, along with the change in setting and ill-fated strategies in promoting the show would result in Disney's decision to pull the plug on "Jonas L.A." On November 8, 2010, it announced that the show will not return for a third season. In a statement from a Disney Channel spokesperson: "We've been fortunate to work with the enormously talented Jonas Brothers on several projects, including the Emmy-nominated series JONAS L.A.," adding that "We look forward to working with them on new projects in the future."

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Category:Jonas Brothers
Category:2000s American children's television series
Category:2000s American comedy-drama television series
Category:2000s American musical comedy television series
Category:2000s American single-camera sitcoms
Category:2000s American teen drama television series
Category:2000s American teen sitcoms
Category:2009 American television series debuts
Category:2010s American children's television series
Category:2010s American comedy-drama television series
Category:2010s American musical comedy television series
Category:2010s American single-camera sitcoms
Category:2010s American teen drama television series
Category:2010s American teen sitcoms
Category:2010 American television series endings
Category:Disney Channel original programming
Category:English-language television programs
Category:Television series about brothers
Category:Television series based on singers and musicians
Category:Television series by It's a Laugh Productions
Category:Television shows set in Los Angeles
Category:Television shows set in New Jersey


Minolta 110 Zoom SLR

The Minolta 110 Zoom SLR is a 110 format single-lens reflex (SLR) camera produced by Minolta of Japan between 1976 and 1979.  It was the first SLR in 110 format.  It had an unusual, flattened shape.  Other 110 SLRs were shaped like SLRs in larger formats, but the 110 Zoom SLR took the flat format of the typical 110 pocket camera and added a larger lens and prism hump to it.  1979's replacement, the Minolta 110 Zoom SLR Mark II, had a more conventional shape.

The 110 Zoom SLR provided aperture priority autoexposure; fully manual exposure was not available.  Light metering was with a CdS meter mounted on the front of the camera.  An exposure compensation dial allowed the photographer to compensate for unusual lighting situations; it also allowed the use of film speeds other than the ISO 100 and 400 auto-selected by the cartridge tab, by applying the appropriate compensation factor.

The lens was a fixed 25–50 mm f/4.5-16 manual focus zoom with macro focusing down to 11 in (280 mm).  This gave a field of view range approximately equivalent to a 50–100 mm zoom lens on a 35 mm format camera.  There was a built-in, pop out lens shade.  The filter thread diameter was 40.5 mm.  Minolta sold UV, yellow and 1B filters.

Available shutter speeds were 1/1000 second through 10 seconds, with a 1/150 second X-sync speed and support for bulb exposure.  There was no built-in flash, but a hot shoe on the top allowed an external flash to be attached. A tripod socket was provided.

See also
 Pentax Auto 110

References
 McGloin, Joe (2004). Minolta 110 Cameras. The Sub Club.  Retrieved on November 29, 2005.

110 Zoom
Category:110 film cameras
Category:Cameras introduced in 1976


Sarah Borges

Sarah Borges is a rock and roll musician from Taunton, Massachusetts, formerly signed to Sugar Hill Records.  Her music has been described as "walking that fine line between punk and country".

Borges grew up in Taunton, a city south of Boston in the third generation of a Portuguese (hence the hard "g" in her name) family.  She was interested in musical theatre as a youth, and majored in the subject while a student at Emerson College.

On the strength of a performance at the South by Southwest Festival in 2004, Borges earned a record deal with Houston's Blue Corn Records.  Her first record, 2005's Silver City earned praise for showcasing "an unusual knack for mixing alternative rock with country".  Allmusic compared Borges to Maria McKee of Lone Justice, and admired how her songs "balance some fierce guitar licks with heartfelt twang".

After much national touring and opening for noted acts such as Dave Alvin, Borges, and her band, The Broken Singles, were signed by Sugar Hill Records.  The title of her 2007 release Diamonds in the Dark  is a line from the song Come Back to Me, by one of her favorite bands, X.  The album features a cover of this song, many original works, and Tom Waits and Greg Cartwright covers.  Allmusic commended the album as "grittily brilliant" with songs that are "brilliantly rollicking".

Borges' wide variety of influences are often noted.  They range from Dolly Parton, Mahalia Jackson, X, Sid Vicious, Merle Haggard, to bubblegum pop.

A third album, The Stars Are Out was released in March 2009.  Borges commented that the album features more of a straightforward rock n roll sound
than her earlier work. The album features five covers of artists ranging from Smokey Robinson to The Lemonheads.  Allmusic describes the album as "material grounded in Americana even as it morphs from folk to rock and even soul" and calls it a "short but sweet collection". After its release, Borges and the Broken Singles received a nomination for Best Emerging Artist at the Americana Music Association festival in Nashville.

Borges was married to Boston-area guitar player Lyle Brewer. After taking a few years off to have a son, Borges released Radio Sweetheart in 2014 on Lonesome Day Records, which was recorded at Napoleon Complex in Somerville, Massachusetts, and Woolly Mammoth Sound in Waltham, Massachusetts. Borges released a follow up EP in 2016, Good & Dirty, which was produced by Eric Ambel.

Sarah Borges and the Broken Singles released Love's Middle Name in 2018.

Discography

References

External links

 Sarah Borges collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

Category:Musical groups established in 2004
Category:American alternative country singers
Category:American female country singers
Category:American country singer-songwriters
Category:People from Taunton, Massachusetts
Category:Emerson College alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Singers from Massachusetts
Category:Songwriters from Massachusetts


Kate Nauta

Kate Lynn Nauta (born April 29, 1982) is an American fashion model, actress and singer. One of her major roles in feature films was Lola in Transporter 2. She previously also used the name Katie professionally.

Biography
Nauta was born in Salem, Oregon, and grew up in Woodburn, Oregon, where she lived until 2000. She graduated from Woodburn High School in 2000. She started modeling at age 15. At 17 she was a winner of the U.S. Elite Model Look contest and went on to compete in the finals in Nice, France in 1999. She is now managed by Mode Models International. She has modelled for Versace (Sport and Versus), L'Oréal, DKNY, and Abercrombie & Fitch as well as doing advertisements for, among others, Motorola.

Luc Besson cast Nauta as 'Lola' in Transporter 2 and also used two of her songs on its soundtrack. She stars also in the web series Fear Clinic.

Nauta also sings and writes lyrics. She has worked on her music with Lenny Kravitz. Her song "Revolution" is on the soundtrack of Transporter 2. Also, she is featured in the song "Name Game (Remember)" by hip-hop/rap group Naughty by Nature.

Filmography

References

External links

Category:1982 births
Category:American female models
Category:American film actresses
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from Salem, Oregon
Category:Musicians from Salem, Oregon
Category:People from Woodburn, Oregon
Category:American people of Dutch descent
Category:Singers from Oregon
Category:Female models from Oregon
Category:21st-century American singers
Category:21st-century American women singers


Timeline of non-flagship BBC television channels

This is a timeline of the history of non-flagship BBC television channels, i.e., BBC channels that have initially appeared on cable or satellite or digital television. The list excludes events from BBC One and BBC Two, unless they also relate to one of the other channels.

1990s

1996
The BBC holds talks with Flextech and BSkyB about a partnership to launch a new range of channels. The BBC later decides not to pursue any partnership with BSkyB.

1997
March – The BBC and Flextech agree on a deal to provide several BBC-branded channels – BBC Showcase, for entertainment; BBC Horizon, for documentaries; BBC Style, for lifestyle; BBC Learning, for schools, and BBC Arena, for the arts – plus three other channels: BBC Catch-Up, for repeats of popular programmes within days of their original transmission, a dedicated BBC Sport channel and a TV version of Radio 1.
9 October – The Department of Culture, Media and Sport gives the BBC permission to offer its forthcoming 24-hour news channel free to cable operators, thus breaking a monopoly that had previously been held by Sky News.
1 November – Three of the proposed BBC/Flextech channels – UK Horizons, UK Style and UK Arena – launch but they use the ‘UK’ prefix because Flextech wanted these channels to carry adverts but the BBC did not. BBC Showcase/Catch-Up and BBC Learning are removed from the venture, and launch the following year as BBC Choice and BBC Knowledge respectively. The proposed TV version of Radio 1 eventually launches as a music and comedy channel called UK Play but with no connection to Radio 1, and plans for the sports channel come to nothing.
9 November – At 6.00 pm, BBC News 24 is launched. It is the BBC's first new UK channel since BBC Two in 1964. It is only available full time via cable.

1998
10 June – The BBC switches on its digital signal, doing so to coincide with the start of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The technology will be showcased at a number of public venues over the summer, before the launch of the BBC's first digital television channel, BBC Choice, in the autumn.
23 September –
BBC Choice, the UK's first digital-only TV station, launches at 12noon.
Following its purchase of the cable-only Parliamentary Channel, the BBC launches BBC Parliament on digital satellite and analogue cable with an audio feed of the channel on DAB.

1999
1 June – The educational channel BBC Knowledge launches at 5pm.
29 September – The European Commission rejects a complaint from BSkyB that the licence fee funding of BBC News 24 is illegal under EU law because it amounts to state funding.
25 October – Relaunch of BBC News 24 with a new set design.
29 November – From today, children's programming is broadcast all day on BBC Choice. Branded CBBC on Choice, children's programming is broadcast on the channel every day from 6am until 7pm.

2000s

2000
June – BBC Choice and BBC Knowledge are reformatted to focus on more specific audiences. Knowledge adopts a broader documentary and culture mix and Choice focusing on developing a stronger relationship with the young adult audience, an audience the BBC had historically had difficulty in reaching. Many of its original programmes, such as Backstage, were replaced with shows aimed at younger people, with most of the early part of the schedules being made up of fifteen-minute programmes under the banner of "Refreshing TV" or "Micro TV". Entertainment news magazine "Liquid News", presented by Christopher Price, evolved out of News 24's "Zero 30" and became the channel's flagship show.
2 October – Rather than continuing to broadcast its own breakfast news programme, BBC News 24 begins to simulcast BBC One's breakfast programme, which on this day is revamped and relaunched as BBC Breakfast.
6 August – It is reported that the BBC is considering a reorganisation of their digital channels to replace BBC Choice and BBC Knowledge with BBC Three and BBC Four.
14 November BBC Parliament's audio feed on DAB is closed down.

2001
BBC Choice's national late night outputs are abandoned – BBC Choice Northern Ireland closes on 30 March.
16 July – A one-minute news summary called 60 Seconds launches on BBC Choice.
October – BBC Choice is further tilted towards youth programming, showcasing the kind of content that will be shown on BBC Three.
19 November – The BBC announces details of two forthcoming digital channels for children to be launched in Spring 2002. CBeebies will be aimed at preschool children, while CBBC will offer programming for a slightly older audience. The digital channels will have a budget of £40 million.

2002
11 February – Two new BBC children's channels, CBeebies (aimed at children under 6) and CBBC (aimed at children aged 6–12) launch.
2 March – BBC Knowledge ceases transmission in the early hours (the first BBC channel to permanently close) with BBC Four launching to replace it at 7.00 pm. The opening night is simulcast on BBC Two.
10 April – BBC Four airs Ian Curteis's The Falklands Play, in which Patricia Hodge plays the role of Margaret Thatcher during the Falklands War. The play was originally written in 1986, but shelved by the BBC because of an upcoming general election, and the play's perceived pro-Thatcher stance. The play has separate radio and television versions (airing on Radio 4 on 6 April), and gives BBC Four an audience of 174,000, the channel's highest audience since its launch.
3 June – BBC Parliament broadcasts archived programming for the first time when it reruns the BBC's coverage of the  Queen's Coronation as part of the Golden Jubilee Weekend.
7 September – Following the success of its rerun of the BBC's coverage of the Queen's Coronation, BBC Parliament replays coverage of archive BBC general election coverage for the first time. The first to be shown is the coverage of the results of the 1979 general election and the following day the channel shows the results programme of the 1997 general election. These reruns have subsequently been a mainstay of the channel ever since and are usually shown to co-inside with anniversaries of their original transmissions.
September – BBC Three is finally given the go-ahead after the BBC submitted a revised proposal for the new channel,  It raised the target age range to 25–34 and increased the amount of factual, news and arts programming. It had previously been refused over worries that it would be too similar to rival channels such as E4, ITV2 and Sky 1.
6 October – BBC Choice's Liquid News is relaunched with a new studio and graphics, and new presenting team Claudia Winkleman and Colin Paterson.
30 October – BBC Parliament launches on digital terrestrial television, having previously only been available as an audio-only service. However capacity limitations mean that the picture is squeezed into just one quarter of the screen.

2003
8 February – After more than four years on air, BBC Choice closes. Its final night is given over to previews of its replacement, BBC Three.
9 February – After a long delay, BBC Three launches. The opening night is simulcast on BBC Two.
27 November – The BBC unveils a revamped version of its news channel in an attempt to make it appear more dynamic to viewers. Changes include a new studio set and redesigned branding and graphics.
8 December – BBC News 24 is relaunched with a new set and titles, as well as a new Breaking News sting. Networked news on BBC One and Two remains with the same titles though the set was redesigned in a similar style to that of the new News 24. The relaunch had been scheduled for the previous Monday (1 December), but was delayed due to a power failure the week before which had disrupted work on the new set.

2004
15 January – BBC Four begins a six-part adaptation of the Alan Clark Diaries, starring John Hurt and Jenny Agutter. The series concludes on 17 February, and is later repeated on BBC Two.
1 April – BBC Three's entertainment news programme Liquid News ends.
14 May – BBC Four Controller Roly Keating is appointed to succeed Jane Root as Controller of BBC Two.

2005
27 January – Holocaust Memorial Day and the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp are observed in the UK. BBC Two and BBC News 24 air Auschwitz Remembered, a special news programme providing coverage of memorial events.
2 April – Digital channel BBC Four broadcasts a live re-make of the famous 1953 science-fiction drama The Quatermass Experiment. The production is the first live drama broadcast by the BBC for over twenty years, and draws BBC Four's second highest audience to date, with an average of 482,000 viewers.
4 April – BBC Four airs Speak No Evil – The Story of the Broadcast Ban, a documentary recalling the 1988 broadcasting restrictions imposed by the Government of Margaret Thatcher on organisations in Northern Ireland believed to support terrorism.
30 September – CBBC identity relaunched, with its second marketing campaign since the launch of the CBBC Channel.
2 December – BBC Three's weeknight news bulletin The 7 O'Clock News is broadcast for the final time. It is axed following a report which a report into the BBC's digital output  claimed that the show "achieves nothing and attracts tiny audiences".

2006
13 November – BBC Parliament broadcasts in full screen format for the first time on the Freeview service, having previously only been available in quarter screen format. The BBC eventually found the bandwidth to make the channel full-screen after receiving "thousands of angry and perplexed e-mails and letters", not to mention questions asked by MPs in the Houses of Parliament itself.

2007
22 January – BBC News 24 is re-branded with new titles and on-screen graphics.
3 September – CBBC identity relaunched, with its third marketing campaign since the launch of the CBBC channel.

2008
24 March – BBC Four broadcasts a revived, special two-hour-long episode of the 1960s satire The Frost Report.
21 April – As part of a major rebranding of BBC News, BBC News 24 becomes the BBC News Channel.
19 September – BBC Alba, a Scottish Gaelic language digital television channel, is launched through a partnership between the BBC and MG Alba.
1 October – BBC Four Controller Janice Hadlow is appointed Controller of BBC Two, replacing outgoing incumbent Roly Keating from November.

2009
No events.

2010s

2010
15 February – Fiona Armstrong and Julia Somerville join the BBC News Channel as regular presenters. They will later be joined by Zeinab Badawi and Carole Walker as the BBC seeks to fight accusations that it has an ageist policy.
23 June – Following the previous day's emergency budget statement, David Cameron and Nick Clegg are questioned by a live audience on its potential impact. The programme Britain's Economy: Cameron and Clegg Face the Audience is presented by Nick Robinson and aired on the BBC News Channel and BBC Two.
15 October – BBC Three Controller Danny Cohen is named as the new Controller of BBC One, replacing Jay Hunt.
20 October – The Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announces that part of the responsibility for funding the Welsh language channel S4C is to be transferred to the BBC.

2011
7 April – Top of the Pops returns to television in its former Thursday evening slot as BBC Four begins airing old episodes from 1976, the point at which the broadcaster's full archive of shows begins.

2012
27 July–12 August – BBC Three's hours are temporarily extended so that it can provide alternative live, all-day coverage of the 2012 Olympic Games. Also, BBC Parliament is removed from Freeview for the duration of the Games to provide an additional red button feed for digital terrestrial viewers.
4 October – BBC Four pulls two planned repeats of Top of the Pops from its schedule following recent allegations made against Jimmy Savile. The shows, which featured Savile  as presenter, are part of the channel's weekly rerun of archive editions, which have been airing since last year.
21 December – After 27 years, CBBC airs on BBC One for the last time. All of the children's programmes would become exclusive to their dedicated channels, CBBC and CBeebies.

2013
9 January – BBC Four confirms that its reruns of Top of the Pops will continue with episodes from 1978, but that editions featuring Jimmy Savile will not be aired.
1 April – Responsibility for the funding of S4C begins to transfer to the BBC.
8 May – BBC Two Controller Janice Hadlow takes temporary control of BBC Four following the departure of Richard Klein to become head of TIV factual programming.
7 June – Queen Elizabeth II opens the BBC's rebuilt Broadcasting House, creating a memorable television moment when she appears behind the BBC News channel's on air newsreaders.
29 October – The BBC announce that The Sky at Night will be shown exclusively on BBC Four from 2014, ending a 54-year run on the Corporation's flagship channel.
10 December – The BBC launches five new high-definition simulcasts of BBC News, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC and CBeebies.

2014
5 February – Janice Hadlow will step down as joint Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four to take up a new role in charge of "special projects and seasons" at the BBC.
5 March – A celebrity campaign is launched to save BBC Three amid reports that the channel will become an online only channel to cut costs.
6 March – BBC Director-General Tony Hall confirms BBC Three will close in Autumn 2015, and shift its content online. Subject to the approval of the BBC Trust, the plans will also allow an extra £30m to be spent on drama for BBC One and a BBC One +1 service.
11 April – Kim Shillinglaw is named Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four, replacing Janice Hadlow.
2 June – Sam Bickley is appointed as acting editor of BBC Three, and will take up the position when Zai Bennett relinquishes the role to join Sky Atlantic in July.
24 July–3 August – BBC Three's hours are temporarily extended so that it can provide alternative live, all-day coverage of the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
5 December – The BBC Trust announces plans for a full public consultation into its proposed closure of BBC Three.
7 December – Jeremy Paxman is confirmed as the presenter of Churchill: The Nation's Farewell, an hour-long documentary to air in January 2015 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the State funeral of Winston Churchill, held on 30 January 1965. BBC Parliament will air television coverage of the funeral in real time on 30 January.
10 December – Further details of plans to move BBC Three online are unveiled, where the channel will broadcast 24 hours a day and have an emphasis on comedy and long form content. Subject to the approval of the BBC Trust, a BBC One + 1 service will occupy the channel space vacated by BBC Three, while CBBC's daily airtime will be extended by two hours.

2015
20 January – In an attempt to save BBC Three from closure, the Avalon Group and Hat Trick Productions approach the BBC Trust with an offer to buy the channel.
16 February – The BBC unveils a series of new arts programmes, which will air in primetime slots. They include a new BBC Two series titled Artsnight and a one off debate, Artists Question Time, presented by Kirsty Wark, which will air on BBC Four.
17 February – Campaigners against BBC plans to close BBC Three and move it online deliver a petition to the BBC Trust.
23 April – Plans to move BBC Three online are postponed until 2016 while the BBC waits for approval from the BBC Trust.
1 June – Outside Source and Business Live make their debut on the BBC News Channel after being launched on BBC World News in February 2014 and March 2015 respectively.
6 June – World News Today is included in the weekend schedule of the BBC News Channel, airing at 9.00pm.
8 June – Daniel Radcliffe and Lena Headey are among 750 signatories from the world of film and television to put their name to a petition urging the BBC Trust to reverse its decision to turn BBC Three into an online only service.
25 June – After the Women's World Cup proves popular with viewers, and having increased BBC Three's viewership, the BBC switches coverage of England's 27 June quarter final match against Canada to BBC One.
30 June – The BBC Trust provisionally approves plans to move BBC Three online from January 2016. At the same time the Trust also recommends rejecting plans for a BBC One timeshift channel because it "fails the public value test and should be rejected". The announcement of BBC Three's potential fate prompts Jimmy Mulville and Jon Thoday—who offered £100m to save the channel—to urge John Whittingdale to review the decision and link it with negotiations for the Corporation's charter renewal. Mulville and Thoday also threaten to invoke a judicial review if BBC Three's closure is confirmed.
4 July – BBC Three airs the third place play-off of the women's World Cup between England and Germany.
9 September – The CBBC Channel airs a 60-minute programme celebrating thirty years of The Broom Cupboard, the studio from which CBBC continuity programming was broadcast. The programme features past CBBC presenters, including Andi Peters, Philip Schofield, Zoë Ball and Edd the Duck.
15 September – BBC Director-General Tony Hall tells the Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee that there are no plans to close CBBC or CBeebies.
26 November – The BBC Trust approves proposals to close BBC Three, making it an online service from February 2016, but on the proviso that its programmes are aired on BBC One and BBC Two. Plans are also approved to extend the broadcasting hours of the CBBC channel from 7.00pm to 9.00pm, with the Trust suggesting parents unhappy with the decision should use the off button.

2016
4 January – The BBC confirms 16 February as the date on which BBC Three will begin its transition to an online only channel. A new logo for the channel is introduced.
19 January – BBC One controller Charlotte Moore is appointed to the newly created role of controller of BBC TV channels and iPlayer, while Kim Shillinglaw, current controller of BBC Two and BBC Four is to leave the BBC and her position abolished.
15 February – BBC Three's final night on air sees it repeating episodes of some of its most popular series, including The Mighty Boosh and Family Guy. The final programme, aired in the early hours of 16 February, is a repeat of an episode of Gavin & Stacey. BBC Three becomes an online channel from 16 February.
7 June – S4C resumes high definition broadcasting, having been forced to close its previous HD service in 2012 due to budget cuts.
6–21 August – BBC Four's hours are temporarily extended so that it can provide alternative live coverage of the 2016 Olympic Games.
22 August – Research conducted by commercial TV marketing body Thinkbox suggests that the BBC experienced a 20% drop in younger viewers in the months following the closure of BBC Three, while channels such as ITV2 and E4 have benefited in terms of viewers from BBC Three's disappearance from the airwaves.
7 September – It is agreed that the BBC will provide £74.5m a year funding to S4C from the licence fee until 2022.

2017
10 February – BBC Four acquires its first Canadian drama, the six part Cardinal, a detective series based on Giles Blunt's 2002 novel Forty Words for Sorrow. The series will air later in the year.
4 March – The BBC launches an investigation after a group of five intruders gained access to a studio at Broadcasting House during a live broadcast of the BBC News channel the previous evening. The individuals were not seen on air and left of their own accord.
5 May – BBC Four airs the documentary Classic Albums: Carly Simon – No Secrets in which Carly Simon sings the words of a fourth verse she penned for her 1972 hit "You're So Vain" for the first time. However, the documentary does not shed any light on the song's subject.
9 November – The BBC News channel celebrates its 20th anniversary.

2018
26 January – The BBC announces plans for a classical music season, which will include Our Classical Century, a BBC Four series featuring major classical performances of the past one hundred years.
23 February – BBC Four broadcasts a special one-off live edition of The Old Grey Whistle Test to mark thirty years since the original series came to an end. The three-hour programme is presented by Bob Harris.
29 March – The UK Government announces that it will continue providing £6.72m of funding for S4C until 2020, with the aim of S4C being funded wholly from the licence fee from 2022. This will see S4C's funding being decided as part of the licence fee settlement, for 10 year periods.
12 July – The BBC announces cut-backs to BBC Parliament. The channel will now close down in the weeks when no UK parliamentary bodies are in session and all programmes made especially for the channel will end.
10 October – The BBC announces it has reversed planned cuts to the output of BBC Parliament, but warns of possible future cuts to other services in order to save £500m before 2021–22.
25 October – Research conducted by TV regulator Ofcom reveals that only 8% of younger viewers watch BBC Three content each week.
22 November – BBC Four airs a one-off 90-minute special live and interactive edition of Tomorrow's World. The programme is presented by two of the original presenters, Maggie Philbin and Howard Stableford, as well as Dr. Hannah Fry.
23 December – BBC Four airs After the Screaming Stops, a 90-minute documentary about the 2017 reunion of 1980s pop band Bros. The documentary is initially watched by fewer than 250,000 viewers, but later becomes one of the 2018 Christmas television highlights thanks to its popularity on BBC iPlayer.

2019
17 February – BBC Two Scotland closes in preparation for the launch of the BBC Scotland channel. Viewers in Scotland can still watch the national version of BBC Two, with regional content aired by BBC Two Scotland being transferred to the new channel.
19 February – Virgin Media removes the standard definition versions of the non-flagship BBC television channels except BBC Parliament due to that channel currently not broadcasting in high definition.
24 February – A new BBC Scotland channel launches and replaces BBC Two Scotland.
25 February – BBC Scotland launches its weekday flagship news programme The Nine.
27 February – Launch of The Debate, BBC Scotland's weekly political debate show.
3 May – BBC Four airs a one-off feature length edition of the 1960s television programme Jazz 625 live from the Cheltenham Jazz Festival. The programme airs in black-and-white, making it the first live black-and-white television broadcast since the 1970s.

2020s

2020
4 February – To coincide with the broadcast of Mary Beard's Shock of the Nude on BBC Two, BBC Two announces Life Drawing Live!, a two-hour programme presented by Josie D'Arby in which life drawing experts guide a group of artists in how to create a life drawing while viewers are also encouraged to create their own work.

See also
Timeline of BBC One
Timeline of BBC Two
Timeline of the BBC Television Service

References

Category:BBC history
Category:Culture-related timelines
Category:United Kingdom media timelines
Category:History of television in the United Kingdom
Category:British history timelines
Category:British television by year
Category:United Kingdom television timelines
Category:BBC timelines


Stockless anchor

A stockless anchor (or "patent anchor") is a streamlined derivation of the traditional Admiralty anchor used aboard large ships.  Patented in England in 1821,
it eliminated the stock of the Admiralty, making it both easier to handle and stow.  Though it did not hold as well as an Admiralty, the trade-off proved acceptable and the stockless anchor became widely popular, and remains so today.

Design
The stockless anchor is an improved version of the Admiralty anchor it is derived from.  It has two flukes that pivot on the same plane perpendicular to the shank. The weight of the shank and accompanying chain, or the shank angled under tension, keep the anchor laying flat on the sea floor.

Performance
The stockless anchor is simple design with no unnecessary parts. This makes it comparatively easy to handle and store. The simple geometry of its design makes breaking it from the bottom a relatively easy and reliable procedure. The shank being able to pivot while the flukes are embedded in the sea floor minimizes wear on attachment hardware. Another advantage of the pivoting shank design is that the anchor generally will still hold even if the wind and or current changes direction and causes the vessel to pull on the anchor from a slightly different angle. Due to the simple design of the stockless anchor, it is capable of free falling much faster in water than other more bulky anchor types according to a study done by The Japan Institute of Navigation.

In terms of disadvantages, the stockless anchor is shown to perform poorly in soft cohesive bottoms such as soil or sand compared to other anchor types made specifically for that type of bottom. Also, the Navy Stockless Anchor has an efficiency rate of 4-6, compared to other types of anchors with efficiency rates ranging from 15 to 55.

Action

References

Category:Watercraft components


List of earthquakes in Hawaii

References

Sources

Earthquakes
Hawaii
Category:Tsunamis in the United States


Lionel Cruet

Lionel Cruet (born in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a contemporary audiovisual and geopolitical artist best known for depicting the interactive nature of the environment using digital printing, performance, and installations. Cruet lives in both New York City and San Juan, Puerto Rico and frequently collaborates with other artists, as well as musicians, students, writers, and communities.

In 2013, Cruet was the recipient of the Juan Downey Audiovisual Award at the 11th Annual Media Arts Biennale at the Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts in Santiago, Chile.

Education and career

Cruet received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Diseño de Puerto Rico in 2011 and a Masters of Fine Arts from the City College of New York in 2014.

In 2017, Cruet participated in the exhibition Seen and Heard: An Active Commemoration of Women's Suffrage, on display from June 10 through August 27, 2017 at the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse, NY. The exhibition explored the use of the arts as a catalyst for social change and featured the work of nine contemporary artists as well as several works from the Everson's permanent collection. Selected as an artist-in-residence for the exhibition, Cruet constructed two installations: At the End of Daybreak and A Speculative Atlas of the Caribbean.

In 2016, Cruet participated in the Artist in the Marketplace (AIM) Program at The Bronx Museum of the Arts which provides professional development opportunities and mentorships to emerging artists and audiovisual performers living in New York City.

In his 2014 solo exhibition, Lionel Cruet: In Between, Real and Digital at the Bronx River Art Center in New York City, Cruet presented a digitally interactive show to incite pertinent discussions relating to geopolitics, nature, and technology.

In 2013, Cruet's art was featured in various group exhibitions including "SuperReal: Alternative Realities in Photography and Video" at El Museo del Barrio in New York, "Colonial Comfort" at the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Puerto Rico, and "Sound Art Fair at Sala de las Artes" at the Universidad del Sagrado Corazón in Puerto Rico.

Cruet's work has been published in Made in Mind Magazine, Designboom, and Catálogodiseño Magazine.

Cruet has served as a Teaching Assistant of 2D Design under Professor Joy Garnett at the City College of New York and as a Teaching Artist and Mentor at Casita Maria Center for Arts and Education, a contributing organization to the Center for Bronx Non-Profits (CBNP).

Articles, Reviews, and Publications
 2018 - ArtSlant, Lionel Cruet Answers 5 Questions, New York, NY
 2017 - Latinx Spaces Art, Lionel Cruet and ‘Seen and Heard’ Contemplate Possibilities Beyond Colonial Frameworks, by Carly Dennis
 2017 - Daily Serving An International Publication for Contemporary Art, CCA FanMail Lionel Cruet, by Mailee Hung, San Francisco, California
 2017 - Puerto Rico Art News, "Entre Nosotros (Between Us) Variation II", Puerto Rican artist Lionel Cruet installation at The Masur Museum of Art
 2017 - Hyperallergic, Spring/Break Art Show Trades Labyrinthine Rooms for Immersive Installations, by Claire Voon, New York, NY
 2017 -  ArteFuse, BKLYN Immersive – Spring/Break Art Show, by Stephen Barry, New York, NY
 2017 - Vice, Exploring a Huge, Glowing, Immersive Warehouse Experience at Frieze Week by Andrew Nunes, New York, NY
 2017 - W Magazine, Inside Bklyn Immersive, Spring/Break's First-Ever Brooklyn Edition by Stephanie Eckardt, New York, NY
 2017 - Artishock, Arte, Playa y Economia de la Amistad. La Gran Bienal Tropical by Alejandra Villasmil, Santiago, Chile
 2017 - Distrito Arte, Americano soy: Lionel Cruet, by Clara Gómez Carrillo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 2016 - POSTmatter, Puerto Rico-born Lionel Cruet creates an audiovisual installation in a storage unit to explore the contemporary immigrant experience in the United States by Helen Longstreth, London, UK
 2016 - Puerto Rico Art News, Intangible Sites instalacion de Lionel Cruet en The PASEO Art Festival Taos, New Mexico
 2016 - LiveTaos, Whats in the Box? by Chelsea Reidy, Taos, New Mexico
 2016 - Unframe, A Conversation with Lionel Cruet, by Despoina Tzanos, London, UK
 2016 - 空間インスタレーションで雲の実体化, Tokyo Design Week, Tokyo, Japan
 2016 - dis-up!. Lionel Cruet instala nubes al interior de un Espacio Intangible, Santiago, Chile
 2016 - designboom, lionel cruet materializes the cloud on espacio intangible, designboom, Italy
 2015 - Made in Mind Magazine, Lionel Cruet, Italy
 2015 - Puerto Rico Art News, Exhibition ExplorArt: Puerto Rico
 2014 - ArtBookGuy, Interview Lionel Cruet, "Environmental Immersion" by Michael Corbin, ArtBookGuy, NY
 2014 - Zona f8. Exhibicion fotográfica ‘Colonial Comfort’ en St. Croix, USVI
 2014 - Repeating Islands, "Colonial Comfort" in St. Croix", USVI
 2014 - ARC the Magazine, "Colonial Comfort" photography exhibition CMCArts in St Croix" ARC the Magazine
 2014 - Arte-Sur.org, "Colonial Comfort" Arte-Sur.org, Paris, France
 2014 - NY Art Beat, "Lionel Cruet: In Between, Real and Digital" New York, NY
 2014 - American Towns Bronx NY, "Exhibition - Lionel Cruet: In Between, Real and Digital" American Towns, Bronx, NY
 2013 - m100, 11 BIENAL DE ARTES MEDIALES, Santiago, Chile
 2013 - artNexus, Feria de Arte Sonoro de Puerto Rico 3ra edición, by Cheryl Hartup, San Juan, Puerto Rico
 2013 - 80 Grados, Feria de Arte Sonoro de Puerto Rico y Giratorio, San Juan, Puerto Rico
 2013 - Son de aqui, Feria de Arte Sonoro de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
 2013 - Artischok, Autonomia: La Bienal de Artes Mediales y su enfoque artístico cultural y educacional, Artishock revista de arte contemporáneo, Santiago, Chile
 2013 - The New York Times, Lens Blog: What Is Real?, by David Gonzalez, New York, NY
 2010 - El Nuevo Dia, Art & Culture "Puntadas para el agua" by Ana Teresa Toro, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Exhibitions

Solo Exhibitions
 2017 - Lionel Cruet: Entre Nosotros (Between Us), Masur Museum of Art, Monroe, LA
 2016 - Intangible Sites, PASEO Taos, Taos, NM
 2015 - Colonial Comfort, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Puerto Rico (MAC PR), San Juan, PR
 2015 - An Economy of Light, XY Atelier, New York, NY
 2015 - Explorart: Puerto Rico, Vargas Gallery, Jose Maria Vargas University, Pembroke Pines, Miami, FL
 2014 - MFA Thesis Exhibition, CUNY – The City College of New York, New York, NY
 2014 - Colonial Comfort, Caribbean Museum Center for the Arts, Frederiksted, St. Croix, USVI, Curated by Lisa Ladner
 2014 - Lionel Cruet: In Between, Real and Digital, Bronx River Art Center, Bronx, NY, Curated by Karine Duteil
 2014 - Me, Myself & I, Runnels Gallery, Golden Library, Eastern New Mexico University, NM
 2013 - Rapid Pulse International Performance Festival 2013, Defibrillator Gallery, Chicago, IL
 2013 - Working it out!, The Painting Center, New York, NY
 2013 - SuperReal: Alternative Realities in Photography and Video, El Museo del Barrio New York, NY
 2013 - ¡Dale! from Puerto Rico to Galapagos Islands, Casita Maria Gallery, Bronx, NY

Collaborations
 2018 - Socrates Sculpture Park, Annual Exhibition 2018, Socrates Sculpture Park, Queens, NY
 2018 - Revival, Pattern and Decoration in Contemporary Art, El Museo del Barrio, New York, NY
 2018 - Transoceanic Visual Exchange, Deakin Geelong Waterfront Campus, Deakin University, Mealburne Australia
 2018 - Isla Imaginaria, School of Visual Arts, Curatorial Studies, New York, NY, Curated by Natalia Viera
 2017 - Seen and Heard, Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY, curated by DJ Hellerman
 2017 - AIM Biennale, The Bronx Museum for the Arts, New York, NY
 2017 - Transoceanic Visual Exchange, Fresh Milk, Barbados
 2016 - Rotative Repository of Latin American Video Art, New Latin Wave NY, 67 Ludlow, New York, NY, Curated by Hernan Rivera Luque
 2015 - Strange Oasis, Project by Pablo Helguera, Kent Fine Art, New York, NY
 2015 - Ripen: Forbidden Truth Leslie Parker, HERE and Performance Mix Festival, New York, NY
 2014 - Poetics of Reparation Monica Carrillo aka Oru and Martin Fuks

References

Category:1989 births
Category:Living people
Category:City College of New York alumni