Six Minutes

"Six Minutes" is the thirty-sixth episode of the American television drama series The Killing, which aired on July 28, 2013. The episode is written by series creator Veena Sud and directed by Nicole Kassell. In the episode, Sarah Linden (Mireille Enos) spends Ray Seward's (Peter Sarsgaard) remaining twelve hours with him. He allows his son Adrian (Rowan Longworth) to visit, but Becker (Hugh Dillon) denies entry. Seward's execution occurs, despite Linden's belief that he is innocent of his wife's murder.

Plot
Twelve hours before the execution, Seward's execution team conducts a run-through of the hanging. Linden arrives to ask Seward if he recognizes any of four unidentified rings that were recently recovered. He identifies a fake silver wedding band that he gave Trisha by noting a scratch inside the band. In the prison waiting room, she calls the state attorney general to request a stay of execution for Seward. She thinks more evidence could be in the Seward file and calls Holder (Joel Kinnaman) to ask him to bring it to the prison.

At Seward's cell, Becker tells him about the unclaimed bodies in the prison cemetery. He asks Seward who is claiming him, then informs Henderson (Aaron Douglas) he's on watch until the 6 p.m. execution. Adrian and his adoptive mother (Ingrid Torrence) join Linden at the prison. Becker summons Linden to see Seward. She tells Seward she's waiting for photos which show Trisha wearing the wedding ring. He asks about Adrian and Becker ends the visit.

Linden threatens to call Becker's captain and notes that D.O.C. policy grants Seward a right to speak with visitors for another five hours. She joins Seward again and he tells her he fears a slow death, to which she urges him to see his son. He proclaims himself a "monster" who beat his wife. She replies she's trying to save him to correct her own mistake.

She meets an intoxicated Holder in the waiting room. He gives her the Seward file and comments that the scratched ring is a long shot. While taking a smoke break in the prison courtyard, he sees Adrian, who comments on his intoxication. Inside, Linden tells Seward the A.G. will soon have a photo of Trisha wearing the identified ring, then again urges him to see his son. She speaks with the A.G., who considers a stay. Adrian apologizes to her for lying about Joe Mills. He didn't want his dad to get in trouble again, but adds that Ray is the man he saw in the apartment the night of the murder.

Holder returns from a beer run and discovers the prison cemetery. Still upset, he begins to throw beer cans at the anonymous tombstones.
Inside, Seward laughs when Linden says the AG is considering a stay. Becoming angry, she asks him why he was in the apartment on the night of the murder, why he played her. She marches into the prison parking lot, where Holder accuses her of always running away from situations. She then gets a call from the AG. Seward's stay has been denied.

Back inside, she tells Seward the news and he thanks her for trying. He says he returned to the apartment because he wanted to take Adrian away and give him a better life. He then agrees to see his son. Adrian checks his appearance in the men's room mirror and Holder fixes Adrian's hair using liquid soap as styling gel. While waiting for Adrian, Seward mentions building a treehouse for him in the park. Out in the hall, Becker blocks Adrian and his mother at a gate, then informs Seward and Linden that visiting hours are officially over. Seward screams at the guards, as Linden tells him to look out his window.

She calls the district attorney to remedy the situation. Holder takes her phone, telling her it's over. The guards dress Seward for the hanging, then escort him to the gallows. En route, he stops to look out a window and sees Linden standing with Adrian just outside the prison fence. His son waves to him. Linden sits in the viewing gallery as the warden reads his death sentence. Seward is given a chance to make a final statement. He comments on Salisbury steak being ground beef and asks to get on with the execution. Becker falters when the time comes to place the hood over Seward's head and Henderson takes his place. The trapdoor opens, and Seward's body falls through. As he feared, his neck does not snap. Linden watches in horror as Seward slowly chokes to death.

Production
In an interview about the episode, series creator and writer Veena Sud spoke about how she decided to end Ray Seward's story this way: "We debated a little bit what should be the end of Ray's story, and very quickly realized: Let's tell the truth. And let the audience have their heart broken in the way the families of these prisoners have their hearts broken. It's a great credit to Peter [Sarsgaard] that over time we get to really understand that this man — and everybody — has humanity. Everybody has a reason for what they do, good and bad. It doesn't always end well."

In the same interview, Peter Sarsgaard (Ray Seward) spoke about the episode: "I had lots of anxiety. It’s interesting playing Ray, because I so in my heart believe that I’m guilty — because I am guilty on some level — that it wasn’t like I was filled with self-righteous indignation. He’s not the right guy to be defending himself. He’s filled with a lot of self-loathing. In terms of acting it, I was really excited to act with Mireille. She was the first person to have told me that Episode 10 would be a lot of the two of us...I was really excited about that."

Reception

Critical reception
"Six Minutes" received critical acclaim from most reviewers, with many naming the episode as one of the best in the series. Alan Sepinwall of HitFix thought "Six Minutes" was "largely an illustration of the things that The Killing can do very well, given both its structure and the personnel on-hand. But it was also at times a reminder of the limitations of this particular creative team." Chris King of TVOvermind stated, "For a show as dark and gritty as  The Killing, this may have been the show's bleakest episode to date, but the sad tone and difficult material did not take away from the astounding performances...and the expertly written drama that filled 'Six Minutes' from beginning to end." The A.V. Club's Phil Dyess-Nugent gave the episode a perfect "A" grade, to become the best-reviewed episode of the entire series by that website.

Ratings
The episode was watched by 1.47 million viewers with a rating of 0.4 in the 18-49 ages demographic, a slight rise from the previous episode.

References

External links
"Six Minutes" at AMC

Category:The Killing (American TV series) episodes
Category:2013 American television episodes


Eliyahu Meridor

Eliyahu Meridor (, 20 July 1914 – 16 October 1966) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal from 1959 until his death in 1966.

Biography
Meridor was born Elijhu Wierzbolowski on 20 July 1914 in Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire (now in Russia), Meridor was educated at a Tarbut school in Grajewo in Poland, before studying law at the University of Warsaw. He also became a member of the local branch of Betar.

In 1936, Meridor made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine, where he worked as a lawyer. He joined the Irgun, and was a commander in Jerusalem, as well as being a member of the organisation's command. He was arrested by the British authorities and exiled to Africa.

In 1948 he was amongst the founders of the Herut movement, and chaired its Jerusalem branch. In 1959 he was elected to the Knesset on the party's list. He was re-elected in 1961 and 1965, but died in 1966 at the age of 52. His seat was taken by Shlomo Cohen-Tzidon.

Meridor had four children; Dan, also a politician, Haggit (Hurvitz), Head of Pediatrics at the Bikur Holim Hospital, Avital (Darmon), Director of the Applied Research Initiative in Education, and Sallai, former Chairman of the Jewish Agency and Israeli ambassador to the United States between 2006 and 2009. His grandchildren included Eli Hurvitz, Executive Director of the Trump Foundation, and Shaul Meridor, Deputy Director of Allocation at the Ministry of Finance.

References

External links

Category:1914 births
Category:1966 deaths
Category:People from Saint Petersburg
Category:University of Warsaw alumni
Category:Israeli Jews
Category:Russian Jews
Category:Jews in Mandatory Palestine
Category:Israeli lawyers
Category:Irgun members
Category:Soviet emigrants to Israel
Category:Herut politicians
Category:Gahal politicians
Category:20th-century Israeli lawyers
Category:Members of the 4th Knesset (1959–1961)
Category:Members of the 5th Knesset (1961–1965)
Category:Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–1969)


Polymnia canadensis

Polymnia canadensis, commonly known as whiteflower leafcup, is a flowering plant native to eastern North America from Ontario south to Alabama and from Kansas, Oklahoma, and Minnesota east to North Carolina, Vermont and Connecticut. It is considered endangered in the last two states. It is typically found in moist forests over calcareous rocks.

Identification
Polymnia canadensis, commonly known as "bears foot" or "small-flowered leafcup", is more easily identified by features other than the small flowers which are present only in the late summer.  Often it grows in stands of several plants clustered together.  The leaves vary in shape from deeply lobed leaves at the lower part of the plant to the simple leaves at the upper part of the plant (see photo).  The sap is clear, sticky and pleasantly fragrant.

References

External links
photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1993

Category:Asteroideae
Category:Flora of North America
Category:Plants described in 1753


Augusta Louise zu Stolberg-Stolberg

Countess Louise Augusta zu Stolberg-Stolberg (7 January 1753 in Bramstedt, Duchy of Holstein30 May 1835 in Kiel) is known for her lively correspondence with the poet and thinker Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; she is known as Goethes Gustchen in the history of literature.

She was the younger sister of Goethe's friends Count Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg ("Fritz") and Count Christian zu Stolberg-Stolberg. She lived in a pension for young, unmarried girls from 1770 to 1783 along with the older Baroness Metta von Oberg. Her letters to the young Goethe date to 1775 and 1776. They never met in person.

In all her correspondence she was a lively writer. "Augusta – vom Morgen bis in Abend laufen die Depeschen bey ihr ein, wie bey einem Staatsminister, und werden sorgfältiger abgefertigt, als in einer Canzelley"
noted Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock.

On 7 August 1783 Augusta Louise moved to Copenhagen, and later married the Danish Minister of State Andreas Peter Bernstorff.

Sources
 Plath-Langheinrich, Elsa: Als Goethe nach Uetersen schrieb: Das Leben der Conventualin Augusta Louise Gräfin zu Stolberg-Stolberg.  (de)
 Koopmann, Helmut: Goethe und Frau von Stein.  (de)
 Goethe an Auguste Gräfin zu Stolberg, [Frankfurt, January 18.- 30. 1775]. (de)

External links
 Brief biography and excerpts of Goethe, also with Gustchen(de)
 Biographical Highlights: Auguste Louise, Gräfin zu Stolberg-Stolberg (de)

Category:1753 births
Category:1835 deaths
Category:German letter writers
Category:Women letter writers
Category:German philosophers
Augusta Louise
Category:People from Bad Bramstedt
Category:People from the Duchy of Holstein


Loxostege allectalis

Loxostege allectalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1877. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from southern California to Texas. To the south, the range extends into Mexico and Central America.

The wingspan is 21–26 mm. The forewings are a mixture of speckled gray and brown patches and dark brownish spots in the median area. The terminal line consists of a series of dark dashes. The hindwings are brownish gray. Adults are on wing from March to September.

The larvae feed on Lycium berlandieri.

References

Category:Moths described in 1877
Category:Pyraustinae


Chingsubam Akaba

Chingsubam Akaba (9 November 1944 - 1 January 2007) was a Meetei Sanamahist revivalist.

Early life
Akaba was born in Soibam Leikai.

Social activities
Akaba was the founding president of MEELAL. He established MEELAL on 18 August 2003 in order to aid the Meetei Mayek movement. MEELAL observes 18 May every year as the Mayek Chatpa Numit to mark the publication of a white paper on the issue of scripts by the State Government on 18 May 2005, which led to introduction of Meetei Mayek in the school syllabus from class I to I in 2006.

Politics
He founded Meetei National Front in 1979 of 23 Wakching (December). Oja Akaba joined the Manipur People's Party (MPP) for the 2007 general election in the state of Manipur.

Death
Oja Akaba was shot at point blank range at the gate of his house. He had attended a musical concert at a palace compound on 1 January 2007. He was dropped at his Soibam Leikai house by his driver at 12:10 am. Driver saw two unidentified people shoot him twice.

See also
 Wangkhemcha Chingtamlen

References

External links
 https://www.ifp.co.in/page/items/29161/unity-of-hill-and-valley-stressed-upon-during-71st-birth-anniversary-of-chingsubam-akaba/

Category:Sanamahist leaders
Category:Sanamahists
Category:1944 births
Category:People from Imphal West district
Category:Meitei people
Category:Scholars from Manipur
Category:2007 deaths


Râșnov (disambiguation)

Râșnov may refer to:

 Râşnov, a town in Braşov County, Romania
 Râșnov Citadel, historic monument and landmark in Romania
 Râșnov River, a tributary of the Sohodol River in Romania.


Talauma

Talauma is sometimes treated as a genus of plant in family Magnoliaceae. In modern literature, however, it is often treated as section Talauma in subgenus Magnolia of genus Magnolia. It contains only new-world species. For all species in this taxon, names in Magnolia are available.

 Talauma allenii Standl.
 Talauma amazonica Ducke

 Talauma arcabucoana Loz.-Cxontr.

 Talauma boliviana M. Nee
 Talauma caricifragrans Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma cespedesii Triana & Planch.
 Talauma chocoensis Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma dixonii Little
 Talauma dodecapetala (Lam.) Urb.
 =Talauma plumierii (Sw.) DC. (typus)
 Talauma espinalii Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma georgii Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma gilbertoi Loz.-Contr.

 Talauma gloriensis Pittier

 Talauma henaoi Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma hernandezii ,molinillo o copachí

 Talauma irwiniana Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma katiorum Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma mexicana (DC.) G.Don
 Talauma minor Urb.
 =Talauma orbiculata Britton & P. Wilson
 Talauma morii Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma narinensis Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma neillii Lozano

 Talauma ovata A. St.-Hil.
 Talauma polyhypsophylla Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma rimachii Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma sambuensis Pittier
 Talauma santanderiana Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma sellowiana A. St.-Hil.

 Talauma silvioi Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma venezuelensis Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma virolinensis Loz.-Contr.
 Talauma wolfii Loz.-Contr.

References

Category:Magnoliales genera
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program

The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) is a United States federal social services program first established in 1981 and funded annually through Congressional appropriations.  The mission of LIHEAP is to assist low income households, particularly those with the lowest incomes that pay a high proportion of household income for home energy, primarily in meeting their immediate home energy needs. The program, part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is funded by grants appropriated from the federal government.

Weatherization funding peaked to over 500 million dollars in 2009 and by 2014 had decreased to about 300. In 2014, it served over 80 thousand households in over 40 states, out of over 5 million in the LIHEAP program.
In total since 1976, weatherization assisted over 7 million low-income households, which received free home improvements worth an average of about $5,000. The most common measures were furnace replacement, attic and wall insulation, and infiltration reduction. A random trial in Michigan estimated that the measures reduced energy consumption by 10-20 % on average.

Funding distribution
Funding is distributed to each of the fifty states, U.S. territories and tribal governments through the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Administration of the program is left up to state, territorial or tribal governments. Congress also provides the President of the United States with limited contingency funds each year, which are reserved for emergency situations and released at the President's discretion.

State legislatures often provide additional appropriations each year to supplement federal LIHEAP funds.

LIHEAP offers one-time financial assistance to qualifying low-income households who require support in paying their home heating or cooling bills. Applicants must have an income less than 150% of federal poverty level or 60% of state median poverty level to be eligible, however some states have expanded their programs to include more households (for example, in Massachusetts, applicants must be within 60% of the estimated State Median Income).

The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) provides funding assistance to low-income households, targeting those who are truly vulnerable: the disabled, elderly, and families with preschool-age children.  Funding is distributed to states or other governmental entities, who administer the program and stems from four sources including: Block grants, the Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program, Contingency Funds, and Leveraging Incentive Programs.  Allocations are based on local climate, economic, and demographic formulas.  Additional funds may be available in emergency situations or as match funds when contributions are provided by local governments, private businesses, or non-profit organizations.  Final distribution of funds is conducted through the program grantees, which are able to design their programs to meet consumer needs while adhering to the goals and policies of LIHEAP.

In most states, the program is run on a first come-first served basis. This typically results in a rush to apply and receive assistance, because once the funding pool is empty most energy assistance offices close their doors. In some states, the legislature or governor may make a politically popular gesture of extending eligibility to additional individuals through an emergency bill or executive order, even though this may result in funds being claimed earlier in the winter season.

The Home Energy Assistance Target (H.E.A.T.) program is the State of Utah's program through which funds are distributed to the target population.  This program is specifically administered by the state and various Associations of Governments (AOG).  The Mountain land AOG provides H.E.A.T. assistance to persons in Utah, Wasatch, and Summit Counties.

Many state LIHEAP agencies also offer weatherization support, in which contractors are sent to residences to make physical changes to help retain heat or install more fuel-efficient furnaces. Occasionally, acceptance of the weatherization process is mandatory with approval for LIHEAP assistance.

Some states have attempted to enact Percentage of Income Payment (PIP) plans within or in addition to the traditional LIHEAP block grant model.  Although overall funding has increased since 2002, future funding may be limited due to the recent trend in cutting the budget based on building codes requiring energy efficiency, modern appliances with low energy use standards, and concerns about federal budget sustainability. As the program moves forward, the budget being cut along with the rise of applicants are the two major challenges it faces.

History

LIHEAP history began in 1980 when congress created the Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP), as part of the Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act to answer the concerns of the rising energy prices of the 1970s.  In 1981, LIEAP was replaced with LIHEAP as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act.  In 1984, the Human Services Reauthorization Act added a new goal to provide funds for cooling costs of low-income households.  Congress also required the use of more recent population and energy data, which meant the shifting of funds from solely cold-weather states to warm-weather states.

Administration

LIHEAP is administered by the Department of Health and Human Services.  Several federal divisions provide oversight and direction to the program.  These include the Administration for Children and Family Services, the Office of Community Services, and the Division of Energy Assistance.
The federal government does not provide LIHEAP assistance to the public.  Instead, the federal government provides funds to states, federal or state-recognized Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and insular areas to administer.

Groups who receive funds are considered grantees in the program.  LIHEAP grantees have flexibility to design their programs, within very broad federal guidelines, to meet the needs of their citizens.  Each state may have varying departments or divisions to disseminate funds. Shown above is the program flow from the federal to local level in the State of Utah.
In Utah, LIHEAP funding is managed through the Home Energy Assistance Target (HEAT) program, which is handled by the state or Association of Governments (AOG).  The Mountainland AOG provides direct oversight for assistance to local government agencies in Utah, Wasatch, and Summit Counties.  MAG receives nearly $2.5 Million annually.
State of Illinois has announced in 2014 that residents can apply at two area agencies; a single-person household can qualify with a monthly income of up to $1,459; a two-person household up to $1,966; a family of three can earn up to $2,474; and a family of four can earn up to $2,981.

Federal funding

LIHEAP is funded by annual appropriations to the Department of Health & Human Services. The funding for the fiscal year 2017 is $3.09 billion.

Funding is distributed to each of the fifty states, U.S. territories and tribal governments through the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Administration of the program is left up to state, territorial or tribal governments. Congress also provides the President of the United States with limited contingency funds each year, which are reserved for emergency situations and released at the President's discretion.
State legislatures often provide additional appropriations each year to supplement federal LIHEAP funds.

Funding sources

The amount of funding available for actual assistance comes from four major sources including: Block grants, the Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program, Contingency Funds, and Leveraging Incentive Programs.  The following is a synopsis of how these sources tie into LIHEAP.

Block grants
Block grants account for the majority of dollars distributed for the LIHEAP program.  To be granted a block grant, states, territories, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations that wish to assist low-income households in meeting the costs of home energy, may apply for a LIHEAP block grant.

Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program (REACH)
The Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program (REACH) "provides grants that fund demonstration projects to test various approaches to help low-income families reduce their energy usage and become more self-sufficient in meeting their home energy needs."  Local community-based agencies that implement innovative plans to help LIHEAP eligible households reduce their energy vulnerability can receive these funds.

As of 2001, 54 REACH grants had been funded creating an annual budget of $6 Million, or one half of a one percent of the total funding for the LIHEAP program.  These grants have been used to create weatherization materials, workshops on energy efficiency measures for homes, budget counseling, and have formed consumer cooperatives to purchase home energy.  State projects run for three years, and state grantees are required to contract for third-party evaluations and to report after the conclusion of the project on the effectiveness of the approaches that they have tried.

Contingency funding

Contingency funds are funds that are released to assist with home energy needs due to emergency situations.  They may be allocated to one or more grantees, or to all grantees, based on criteria appropriate to the nature of the emergency.  Generally, these funds are released in response to extreme weather conditions or energy price increases.  In the 1980s, contingency funding was only used twice.  In the 1990s, it was used eight times, and since the year 2000 there has been a call for contingency funding every year.

Leveraging Incentive Program
The Leveraging Incentive Program is designed to reward those grantees that have acquired non-federal leveraged resources for their LIHEAP programs.

It encourages grantees to look for ways to add non-federal dollars or other resources to their LIHEAP programs.  Additionally, grantees are encouraged to integrate and coordinate with other energy assistance programs to provide non-federal energy assistance to low-income households who meet LIHEAP eligibility criteria.  Participation in this program is optional, but if non-federal dollars are reported, the grantee can receive additional LIHEAP funds.
An example of this program is to leverage a discount on wood that is negotiated by a tribal LIHEAP coordinator with a wood supplier.  The amount of the discount, given to LIHEAP eligible households, would be reported as a leveraged or non-federal resource and be eligible for additional funding to the tribe.

How LIHEAP and WAP work together

Low Income Home Energy Assistance Programs (LIHEAP) and Weatherization Assistance Programs (WAP) work together to help low-income individuals and families pay energy bills and reduce energy costs. This article gives of overview of each program and describes how they work together. LIHEAP and WAP literature is also examined. Finally, a section detailing literacy in low-income consumers is included.

Overview of LIEAP

The mission of the Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP) (also known as Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)), created in 1981, is to assist low income households, particularly those with the lowest incomes that pay a high proportion of household income for home energy, primarily in meeting their immediate home energy needs. The program, part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), is funded by grants appropriated from the federal government.

LIHEAP pays partial winter energy bills for eligible individuals and families. Payments are usually made directly to local utility companies or vendors. To be eligible, an individual's income level must not be more than 150% of the federal poverty level. The payment amount is figured according to the size and type of your home, as well as type of fuel.

A press release from the Department of Health and Human Services on June 5, 2013, indicates that $187.4 million was released to states to help low-income homeowners and renters with rising energy costs. This funding supplements $3.065 billion in grants made available earlier in the year through the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP).

The funding serves to help families pay their heating and electricity, as well as make weather-related improvements to their homes. This helps to prevent these families from having service interruptions.

George Shelton, HHS acting assistant secretary for the Administration for Children and Families, stated that high temperatures translate into high energy bills for families who are already struggling to make ends meet.

Overview of the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP)

The United States Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) was created in 1976 to help low-income families reduce energy consumption and costs. WAP is governed by various federal regulations designed to help manage and account for the resources provided by the Department of Energy (DOE). WAP funding is derived from annual appropriations from Congress. Each year, the Senate and House Interior Appropriations committees decide how much funding to allocate to the Program.

WAP technicians perform energy audits on a home to help locate efficiency problems. Once an audit is complete, the program can help by insulating walls and windows, replacing broken glass, and testing, repairing, and/or replacing combustion appliances. Like the LIHEAP, an individual's income level must be at or below 150% of the federal poverty level to be eligible for the WAP. Many state WAPs and LIHEAPs work together to provide the best energy services for low-income households.

Weatherization measures may include caulking, weather-stripping, insulation, vent dampers, replacement of broken glass, repair or replacement of primary doors, and furnace tune-ups. Weatherization workers may not be able to install all the materials, but they will do the most important weatherization within the dollar limits allowed.

When a home is scheduled for weatherization service, a crew will come to install the necessary materials in the home. After the work is completed, the client will be asked to sign a statement saying the work was done properly and to the client's satisfaction. Surveys have shown that weatherizing a home can significantly decrease winter heating or energy bills.

Enrollment in LIHEAP and WAP
LIHEAP and WAP are the cornerstones of any public energy assistance program. Often, the two programs not only work together, they automatically encompass each other. At the Montana energy assistance offices, clients are automatically enrolled in the WAP when they are enrolled in the LIHEAP.

This association is fitting being that the LIHEAP and WAP are usually located in the same office. In Butte, Montana, the Energy Assistance office and Weatherization departments (which are part of the Human Resources Council, District XII) are in charge of LIHEAP and WAP. Each department offers several other programs that assist low-income individuals and families with heating and energy issues.

When a client completes and turns in an application for LIHEAP, they are automatically enrolled in WAP. After the application is processed, it usually takes one to two weeks to receive financial assistance for their heating and energy bills. During this time, the applicant is contacted by the WAP department. Before a client's home can be weatherized, an auditor comes to the home to complete an energy audit. The auditor is trained to determine the most cost-efficient weatherization measures for the home.

Besides working together to provide energy assistance, LIHEAP and WAP programs around the country provide information about energy conservation such as tips including replacing light bulbs with LED light bulbs and using Energy Star appliances.

LIHEAP funding up to 2012

Congress appropriated $3.47 Billion toward the program in 2012.  Over the past decade, funding for LIHEAP has trended closely with winter fuel prices, except for the federal fiscal years of 2009–2011, when funding leapt above the winter fuel price index tracked by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP).  The President's budget proposal in 2012 significantly reduced allocation amounts to "return LIHEAP funding to historic levels received for 2008 prior to energy price spikes." The two main reasons why the budget has been cut for 2012 is because first, the building codes now require energy efficiency, modern appliances with low energy use standards and second, overall opposition to federal spending. Changes in future funding will need to consider the efficacy of program management, energy costs, the number of recipients, and other potential sources of assistance.

LIHEAP efficacy is monitored on a regular basis through its recipiency targeting index.  This index quantifies the extent to which assistance eligible households are receiving LIHEAP assistance.  The greatest focus of eligibility is those households with elderly, disabled, or young children.  An index score above 100 indicates that LIHEAP is serving a target group of households at a rate higher than the prevalence of LIHEAP income eligible households that are members of that group.  The table at right reflects the target scores from Fiscal Years (FY) 2004-2009 for households with an elderly member.  The table also shows what the actual national targeting score was for FY 2004–2006.

Each December, state LIHEAP grantees are required to report on the LIHEAP Grantee Survey the following data for the previous federal fiscal year:
sources of LIHEAP funds
uses of LIHEAP funds
average household benefits for assistance
maximum income cutoffs chosen by States for four-person households

The data from the LIHEAP Grantee Survey are included in the LIHEAP Report to Congress. The most recent available data are for FY 2003 LIHEAP and related data are obtained from LIHEAP grantee reports and surveys, national household surveys, and other federal agencies.  Much of the data are published in the department's LIHEAP Home Energy Notebook and the LIHEAP Report to Congress.

Energy costs

While the program administrators use the above measures and reports to understand how the program is working, there is greater concern that not enough funding is being brought into the program to stave off increases in fuel prices.  The 2008 spike in funding was needed to address the sharp increase in home heating oil.  The recent decrease in allocations prior to 2008 levels may not be enough to handle the continued climbing of heating costs and its effect on many households with low incomes.
Recipients

Not only are fuel prices continuing to increase, program recipients are on the rise.  This may be illustrated in the following chart showing the increase in households served by the program in relation to the amount of LIHEAP funds allocated to the State of Utah. Some statistics of note for the State of Utah include:
SEALworks recorded that 1,619 households were shut off before coming in for HEAT assistance
HEAT program helped prevent 10,243 households, that had shut off notices, from being shut off
Almost $375,769 in regular HEAT Crisis assistance assisted 1,373 families in 2011
The program served 18,592 families with young children in 2011
The program assisted 10,875 elderly households to receive HEAT assistance in 2011
The program assisted 17,947 people who have disabilities in 2011
Coordination with Outside Programs

In addition to providing matching funds through the Leveraging Incentive Program, LIHEAP strives to coordinate efforts with private utility companies and non-profits where federal funding is not available.

References

External links
 Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, LIHEAP Program
 Campaign for Home Energy Assistance
 LIHEAP Clearinghouse
 EERE Department of Energy Weatherization Assistance Program
 Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC)

State LIHEAP Programs
 LIHEAP California
 LIHEAP Illinois
 LIHEAP Massachusetts
 LIHEAP Maine
 LIEAP Montana (Butte)
 LIHEAP New Hampshire
 LHEAP New York state
 LIHEAP Pennsylvania
 LIHEAP Clearinghouse (2012, October 3). Utahns to Get Reduced LIHEAP Benefit. Retrieved from LIHEAP Clearinghouse: https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235006/http://liheap.ncat.org/news/mar11/utah.htm
 Hansell, D. A. (2012). FY 2012 Online Performance Appendix. Washington D.C: Department of Health and Human Services.
 Henetz, P. (2011, October 7). Less Federal Help Expected for Low-Income Utahns' Heating Bills. Retrieved from The Salt Lake Tribune: http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/53201355-78/federal-income-low-utah.html.csp
 Perl, L. (2010). The LIHEAP Formula: Legislative History and Current Law. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120417031043/http://www.neada.org/publications/2010-07-06.pdf
 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration Services, (2012, October 5). LIHEAP Fact Sheet. Retrieved from Office of Community Services an Office of the Administration for Children and Families: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/resource/liheap-fact-sheet-0
 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration Services for Children & Families, (2012, October 2). Retrieved from LIHEAP Clearing House: https://web.archive.org/web/20121018090108/http://liheap.ncat.org/wwa.htm
 Stone, C., Sherman, A., & Shaw, H. (2011, February 18).  Administration's Rationale for Severe Cut in Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Is Weak.  Retrieved September 19, 2012, from Budget and Policy Priorities: http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3406
 Wein, O. (2012, October 1). The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). Retrieved from National Consumer Law Center: http://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/energy_utility_telecom/liheap/liheap-2page.pdf

Category:Administration for Children and Families programs
Category:Residential heating
Category:Federal assistance in the United States
Category:Energy economics


Emiliano Brembilla

Emiliano Brembilla (born 21 December 1978 in Ponte San Pietro, near Bergamo) is a freestyle swimmer from Italy.

Biography
He won the bronze medal with the men's 4×200 m freestyle relay team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. A long-distance specialist, he made his first mark at the 1997 European Swimming Championships in Seville, Spain, where he won three titles. Brembilla competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996.

See also
 Italy national swimming team - Multiple medalists

References

External links

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from the Province of Bergamo
Category:Italian male swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Italy
Category:Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Category:Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Category:Male freestyle swimmers
Category:World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Category:Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Category:European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Category:Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Category:Competitors at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
Category:Competitors at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Category:Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
Category:Mediterranean Games medalists in swimming


Cross of Burgundy

The Cross of Burgundy () or the Cross of Saint Andrew (), a saw-toothed (raguly) form of St. Andrew's cross, was first used in the 15th century as an emblem by the Valois Dukes of Burgundy, who ruled a large part of eastern France and the Low Countries as effectively an independent state. The Burgundian Netherlands were inherited by the House of Habsburg on the extinction of the Valois ducal line and continued to have the Cross of Burgundy as their emblem. The emblem was then assumed by the monarchs of Spain as a result of the Habsburgs bringing together, in the early 16th century, their Burgundian inheritance with the other extensive possessions they inherited throughout Europe and the Americas, including the crowns of Castile and Aragon, where the cross acquired a global impact, being found nowadays in different continents.

The Spanish monarchs continued to use it in their own arms after the Burgundian house was part of the Spanish Crown, and even after due to the extinction of the House of Burgundy. From 1506 to 1701 it was used by Spain as a naval ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag, and still appears on regimental colours, badges, shoulder patches and company guidons. The emblem also continues to be used in a variety of contexts in a number of European countries and in the Americas, reflecting both the extent of Valois Burgundy and the former Habsburg territories, but in the end as a symbol of Hispanism and pride of the Hispanic heritage.

History

Burgundy
The banner strictly speaking dates back to the early 15th century, when the supporters of the Duke of Burgundy adopted the badge to show allegiance in the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War. It represents the cross on which Andrew the Apostle was crucified. The design is a red saltire resembling two crossed, roughly-pruned,  branches on a white field.  In heraldic language, it may be blazoned argent, a saltire ragulée (or raguly) gules.

Pedro de Ayala, writing in the 1490s, claims it was first adopted by a previous Duke of Burgundy to honour his Scottish soldiers. This must be a reference to the Scottish soldiers recruited by John the Fearless in the first years of the fifteenth century, led by the Earl of Mar and Earl of Douglas. However, earlier chronicle accounts and archaeological finds of heraldic badges from Paris indicate widespread adoption dates from 1411 in the context of factional warfare in the city and that its origins are more likely to relate to the fact that St. Andrew was the patron saint of the dukes of Burgundy.

Habsburgs and Spain

The year 1506 should be considered its theoretical earliest use in Spain (that is, it made appearance on the standards carried by Philip the Handsome's Burgundian life guards), although about 1525 might be perhaps a more likely estimate. Philip, after his marriage to Joanna of Castile, became the first Habsburg King of Spain and used the Cross of Burgundy as an emblem as it was the symbol of the house of his mother, Mary of Burgundy. From the time of Philip and Joanna's son, Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain), different armies within his empire used the flag with the Cross of Burgundy over different fields. Nevertheless, the official field was still white. The Spanish monarchs – the Habsburgs and their successors' the House of Bourbon – continued to use the Cross of Burgundy in various forms, including as a supporter to the Royal Coat of Arms. From the time of the Bourbon king Philip V (1700–1746), it seems that the Spanish naval ensign was white and bore a royal coat of arms in the centre, though it is said that the Burgundian flag was still flown as a jack ensign, that is, as a secondary flag, until Charles III introduced his new red-yellow-red naval ensign in 1785. It also remained in use in Spain's overseas empire (see #Overseas Empire of Spain below).

The flag eventually came to be adopted by the Carlists, a traditionalist-legitimist movement which fought three wars of succession against Isabella II of Spain, claiming the throne of Spain for Carlos, who would have been the legal heir under the Salic Law, which had been controversially abolished by Ferdinand VII. In the First Carlist War (1833–1840) the Burgundian banner, however, was a banner of the Regent Queen's standing Army rather than Carlist. After 1843 the red Burgundian saltire kept on appearing on the new brand red-yellow army flag under a four-quartered Castilian and Leonese coat of arms on the central yellow fess. Eventually, under the leadership of Manuel Fal Condé, the Cross of Burgundy became the Carlist badge in 1934.

Examples of use of the emblem

Owing to the impact of the Spanish Empire as the first global powerhouse across the world, numerous flags and coats of arms of bodies, in various colours and in combination with other symbols can be found in old Spanish domains. Users mostly have some direct or indirect relation to the historical Burgundy, though such connection can be very vague and lost in the mists of time. Most of them has direct link with the Spanish Empire where this symbol got a global impact.

In Spain
 A Biscayan merchant ensign (inclusive of the so-called Consulate of Bilbao) (c. 1511–1830)
 A pre-1785 general Spanish merchant and privateering flag
 The Spanish Carlist Flag, from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) up to the present
 The third co-official Flag of Spain during the Francoist regime (1939–1975)
 In Spain some local flags and coats of arms display the cross of Burgundy in Guipúzcoa (Anzuola, etc.), Navarre (Tafalla, etc.), Aragón (Huesca and Lidón), Andalusia (Bujalance), Castile-La Mancha (Las Labores) and Catalonia (Creixell).
 A Basque Nationalist flag (for instance that of the Basque Alpinists in 1921–1978: Green Cross of Burgundy on white edged with red border)
 Nowadays, the Cross of Burgundy is still a symbol of the Spanish monarchy
The current fin flash on all the aircraft from the Spanish Armed Forces except the ones in the Navy, is a simplified monochrome version of the Cross of Burgundy.
The Cross of Burgundy is present in many of the symbols of the units of the Spanish Army,  being the coat of arms of the 6th Paratroopers Brigade "Almogávares" one example among many others.

In France
 A French army colour
 Of the two line infantry regiments raised in the Franche-Comté of Burgundy: "Bourgogne" and "Royal-Comtois", both units raised in the late 17th century, together with the Household cavalry companies "Gendarmes Bourguignons" and "Chevaux Légers Bourguignons" and the Dijon, Autun, Vesoul and Salins provincial militia regiments
 In the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, the militian "gardes mobiles" from Dijon wore a red Burgundian saltire on their left cuff or shoulder)
Continuing Burgundian and "Comtois" regionalism in France is keen on the Cross of Burgundy
 The coat of arms of Villers-Buzon (France) bears a sort of yellow or white Burgundian saltire on a wider red saltire
 The new region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté will use the Cross of Burgundy in its flag

In Belgium and the Austrian Netherlands
 The Austrian Netherlands' ensign in 1781–1786 was a black double-headed eagle on a red Burgundian saltire over a background of red over white over yellow
 As a Rexist Walloon Belgian Ultra-Right-wing flag and badge since 1940, including the Walloon Legion in German service on the Russian front, a unit eventually transferred to the Waffen-SS in 1943 (a red Cross of Burgundy, either on white or black)
 As the merchant ensign and badge of the Ostend Company (Austrian Netherlands) in 1717–1731
 The local flag and coat of arms of Philippeville (Belgium) bears a yellow Burgundian saltire on blue.
 The current Belgian naval ensign, which dates from 1950, may well be an homage to the cross of Burgundy

In the Netherlands
 The Military William Order, the foremost Dutch military decoration since 1815, bears a white Maltese cross and a green Burgundian saltire
 A similar style flag was used by the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries, which had been part of the Spanish Empire as well
 The flag of the Dutch municipality of Eijsden bears a red Burgundian saltire since 1966 (same for the municipal coat of arms or crest), also as a heritage of Burgundy, as a part of the Spanish Empire.

In South and Central America

During the Spanish colonization of the Americas the Cross of Burgundy served as the flag of the Viceroyalties of the New World (Bandera de Ultramar) and as a recurrent symbol in the flags of the Spanish armed forces and the Spanish Navy. Nations that were once part of the Spanish Empire consider "las aspas de Borgoña" to be a historical flag, particularly appropriate for museum exhibits and the remains of the massive harbor-defense fortifications built in the 17th–18th centuries. At both San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico, and at Castillo de San Marcos National Monument in St. Augustine, Florida, the Cross of Burgundy is daily flown over the historic forts, built by Spain to defend their lines of communication between the territories of their New World empire. The flying of this flag reminds people today of the impact Spain and its military had on world history for over 400 years. It was also used by Spanish military forces.

 In present-day Bolivia the Cross of Burgundy (which is represented with a golden crown in the center) is the official flag of the department of Chuquisaca.
 The Flag of Valdivia, which is composed of a red saltire on a white field is thought to have originated from the Spanish Cross of Burgundy, as the city of Valdivia in southern Chile was a very important stronghold of the Spanish Empire.

In the United States
 The flag of Alabama and flag of Florida each include a plain red saltire, partly to recognize the colonial period when the Spanish Cross of Burgundy was used.
 The Cross of Burgundy is still flown over Fort San Cristóbal and Fort San Felipe del Morro, both of which are former Spanish fortifications located in San Juan, Puerto Rico, as well as the Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, Florida.

Gallery

See also
 History of Spain
 Burgundy (disambiguation)
 Saint Patrick's Flag
 Vexillology

References

External links
Flags of the World
GeorgiaInfo

Category:Carlism
Category:Flags of Spain
Category:Historical flags
Category:National symbols of Spain
Category:Spanish culture
Category:Saltire flags

de:Andreaskreuz#Fahnen und Wappen


Bill Munro

William Davidson Munro (born 21 June 1934 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former football player and manager. Munro played for Kilmarnock, Barrow and East Stirlingshire. He was appointed manager of Clydebank, owned by the Steedman family who had previously owned East Stirlingshire while Munro was a player there. Munro guided Clydebank to promotion to the Scottish Premier Division in 1977. He later managed Airdrie and also worked in women's football (at Cumbernauld Ladies).

Honours
Clydebank
Scottish First Division promotion 1976-77
Stirlingshire Cup : 1978-79, 1979–80

References

Category:1934 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Glasgow
Category:Scottish footballers
Category:Association football inside forwards
Category:Kilmarnock F.C. players
Category:Barrow A.F.C. players
Category:East Stirlingshire F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Scottish Football League players
Category:Scottish football managers
Category:Clydebank F.C. managers
Category:Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) managers
Category:Scottish Football League managers


Dalibor Đapa

Dalibor Đapa (born 23 October 1984) is a Serbian professional basketball player who plays as a Power forward for Krka of the Slovenian League.

External links
 Profile at aba-liga.com
 Profile at eurobasket.com

Category:Living people
Category:1984 births
Category:ABA League players
Category:Alba Fehérvár players
Category:Basketball League of Serbia players
Category:BC Budivelnyk players
Category:BC Odessa players
Category:CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca (men's basketball) players
Category:CSU Pitești players
Category:Czarni Słupsk players
Category:KK Krka players
Category:KK Lions/Swisslion Vršac players
Category:KK Spartak Subotica players
Category:OKK Beograd players
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:Serbian expatriate basketball people in Hungary
Category:Serbian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Category:Serbian expatriate basketball people in Poland
Category:Serbian expatriate basketball people in Romania
Category:Serbian expatriate basketball people in Slovenia
Category:Serbian expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
Category:Serbian men's basketball players
Category:Vanoli Cremona players


Doof Festival

Doof Festival is the largest and oldest trance music festival in Israel. The festival was held for the first time in 2004 and since then it has been held every year on Passover at the ‘Golan’ coast in the eastern part of the Sea of Galilee (Kinnert). The festival hosts artists from Israel and around the world and lasts for three days.

The Doof Festival aims to create a meeting place for culture and electronic music in Israel, a contemporary digital version of the Psychedelic movement in the 1960s, while preserving the values of the international raves movement. Over the years, the festival has expanded its vision in ecological directions of preserving the land, especially the beaches of Kinneret Sea. Today, the festival is a magnet for lovers of electronic music and the trance culture from Israel and abroad, and is considered one of the peak events of the trance culture in Israel.

History
The festival was started by three people, Shahar Zirkin, Yuval Ebenstein and Guy Barkai, childhood friends who were exposed to the psychedelic rock scene and the beginnings of the Israeli clubbing culture. After traveling around the world and becoming acquainted with electronic music, which was in its infancy in Israel, they began organizing underground desert parties in 1995 under the name Doof Project. the Doof brought with it tougher and more rough musical line that soon brought hundreds of people to their desert parties.

The psychedelic musicians community built around the parties led to the opening of Doof Records in 1999. The label has produced dozens of albums and compilations that have become an integral part of the international trance scene, and to this day it is considered one of the important labels of the trance music.
After seeing many festivals throughout Europe, the three decided to bring the European atmosphere to Israel and hold a festival of several days attracting people from all over the world and adding the DOOF festival to the European festivals round.

The festival began in 2004 with complete secrecy and at the beginning of the way was based on dark-trance and more underground music. Later on, the teams of Paganka and Magaya were added to the festival, and since then the musical genre has expanded to include various types of trance and alternative music.

The Paganka team joined the festival in 2011 and brought with it Progressive music that gave new layers to the festival. In 2013 the Magaya team joined the production of the festival and brought with it a rich alternative musical system, workshops and ecological design.

References

External links
 Filteria Live: Doof Festival 2016, May 2016.
 Doof Destival review, 2016.
 Mine Doof festival 2014.
 Mesibatube.

Category:Music festivals in Israel


Breeding

Breeding is sexual reproduction that produces offspring, usually animals or plants. It can only occur between a male and a female animal or plant.

Breeding may refer to:
 Breeding in the wild, the natural process of reproduction in the animal kingdom
 Animal husbandry, through selected specimens such as dogs, horses, and rabbits
 Sexual reproduction of plants
 Plant breeding, through specimens selected by humans for desirable traits

Science
 Breeding refers to nuclear transmutations that produce fuel for further reactions, in a breeder reactor to become fissile material or in a fusion reactor to produce tritium, see Tritium#Lithium

Biology
Mating
Breeding back, a breeding effort to re-assemble extinct breed genes
 Breeding pair, bonded animals who cooperate to produce offspring
 Breeding program, a planned breeding of animals or plants
 Breeding season, the period during each year when a species reproduces
 Captive breeding, raising plants or animals in zoos or other controlled conditions
 Cooperative breeding, the raising of the young using non-parental care givers
 Crossbreeding, the process of breeding an animal with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations
 Preservation breeding, a selection practice to preserve bloodlines
 Selective breeding, an animal selection practice to encourage chosen qualities
 Smart breeding, a plant selection practice to encourage chosen qualities
 Breeding (sex act)

People
 James Floyd Breeding (1901–1977), U.S. Congressman from Kansas
 Marv Breeding (1934–2006), 1960s U.S. Major League Baseball player

Media
 Breeding (EP), 2007 album by Dirty Little Rabbits
 Breeding Death, 2000 album by Bloodbath
 Breeding the Spawn, 1993 album by Suffocation
 Dust Breeding, 2001 Doctor Who television series audio play

Places
 Breeding, Kentucky, a town in the United States

See also

 Copulation (zoology)
 Good breeding (disambiguation)
 Hybrid (biology), breeding between dissimilar parents
 Inbreeding, breeding between close relatives
 Manners, the unenforced standards of human conduct
 Outbreeding depression, reduced fitness from breeding of unrelated individuals
 Purebred


Diopatra

Diopatra is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Onuphidae.

Description
Members of this genus live in thick, parchment-like tubes that project from the sediment on the seabed. The tubes are covered on the outside by fragments of shell, algae, fibers and other small objects, collected by the worm and stuck in place by mucus.
The worm's tube is a food-catching tool that creates a small micro-reef where small invertebrate prey reside.  Diopatra dart partially out of the tube and grasp the prey with their maxillae and mandibles. Their large anterior parapodia help them to immobilize the prey.

Species
The World Register of Marine Species includes these species in the genus:

Diopatra aciculata Knox & Cameron, 1971
Diopatra agave Grube, 1869
Diopatra akarana Knox & Hicks, 1973
Diopatra albimandibulata Paxton, 1993
Diopatra amboinensis Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
Diopatra amoena Kinberg, 1865
Diopatra angolensis Kirkegaard, 1988
Diopatra bengalensis Hartman, 1974
Diopatra bilobata Imajima, 1967
Diopatra brasiliensis Kinberg, 1910
Diopatra brevicirris Grube, 1856
Diopatra bulohensis Tan & Chou, 1996
Diopatra chiliensis Quatrefages, 1866
Diopatra chiliensis Quatrefages, 1865
Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878
Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802)
Diopatra dentata Kinberg, 1865
Diopatra denticulata Fauchald, 1968
Diopatra dexiognatha Paxton & Bailey-Brock, 1986
Diopatra dubia Day, 1960
Diopatra farallonensis Fauchald, 1968
Diopatra gesae Paxton, 1998
Diopatra gigova Paxton, 1993
Diopatra hanleyi Paxton, 1993
Diopatra heterodentata Hartmann-Schröder, 1965
Diopatra italica Castelnau, 1842
Diopatra khargiana Wesenberg-Lund, 1949
Diopatra kristiani Paxton, 1998
Diopatra leuckarti Kinberg, 1865
Diopatra lilliputiana Paxton, 1993
Diopatra longicornis Kinberg, 1865
Diopatra longissima Grube, 1850
Diopatra maculata Paxton, 1993
Diopatra madeirensis Langerhans, 1880
Diopatra malabarensis Quatrefages, 1866
Diopatra marocensis Paxton, Fadlaoui & Lechapt, 1995
Diopatra micrura Pires, Paxton, Quintino & Rodrigues, 2010
Diopatra monroi Day, 1960
Diopatra monroviensis Augener, 1918
Diopatra musseraensis Augener, 1918
Diopatra neapolitana Delle Chiaje, 1841
Diopatra neotridens Hartman, 1944
Diopatra obliqua Hartman, 1944
Diopatra oligopectinata Paxton, 1993
Diopatra ornata Moore, 1911
Diopatra papillata Fauchald, 1968
Diopatra paradoxa Quatrefages, 1866
Diopatra rhizoicola Hartmann-Schröder, 1960
Diopatra rhizophorae Grube, 1856
Diopatra semperi Grube, 1878
Diopatra splendidissima Kinberg, 1865
Diopatra sugokai Izuka, 1907
Diopatra tridentata Hartman, 1944
Diopatra uncinifera Quatrefages, 1866
Diopatra variabilis Southern, 1921
Diopatra viridis Kinberg, 1865

References

Category:Errantia


Sreten

Sreten (Cyrillic script: Сретен) is a Serbian and Montenegrin masculine given name of Slavic origin. It may refer to:

Sreten Asanović (born 1931), writer
Sreten Jocić (born 1962), gangster
Sreten Lukić (born 1955), policeman
Sreten Mirković (born 1958), boxer
Sreten Ninković (born 1972), long distance runner
Sreten Sretenović (born 1985), footballer
Sreten Stanić (born 1984), footballer
Sreten Stojanović (1898–1960), sculptor
Sreten Žujović (1899–1976), politician

See also
Sretenović

Category:Slavic masculine given names
Category:Serbian masculine given names
Category:Montenegrin masculine given names


Franklin Township Community School Corporation

Franklin Township Community School Corporation (FTCSC) is a public school district in Franklin Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. It is responsible for seven  elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school. The school district's current enrollment is about 8,700 students. Adding to its total, the district built one more elementary school, and a freshman academy addition, which opened in 2009, at the high school to keep up with continued growth.

Demographics

According to the Indiana Department of Education, the district's enrollment population is 82.1% White, 6% Black, 4.9% Multiracial, 4% Hispanic, 2.8% Asian, and 0.3% Native American. The district's gender ratio is 49.2% females to 50.8% males.

Schools

See also
 List of school districts in Indiana

External links
 Franklin Township Community School Corporation
 FTCSC School Board Meeting Minutes Archive
 FTCSC School Board Policy
 Franklin Township Community School Corporation: Calendar of Events
 Corporation Snapshot, Franklin Township Com Sch Corp #5310

References

Category:Education in Indianapolis
Category:Education in Marion County, Indiana
Category:School districts in Indiana


Lakshmipur

Lakshmipur()  is a town and district headquarter of Lakshmipur District in the division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

References

Category:Lakshmipur District
Category:Towns in Bangladesh


Bez (dancer)

Mark Berry (born 18 April 1964), better known as Bez, is an English percussionist, dancer, and media personality. He is best known as a member of the rock bands Happy Mondays and Black Grape.

Early life
Mark Berry was born on 18 April 1964 in Bolton, Lancashire, the son of parents from the Norris Green district of Liverpool. His father was a detective inspector. He grew up in Bolton, Little Hulton, and Walkden, before moving to live with his grandparents in Wigan at the age of 16.

Career

Bez is best known as the maraca player, dancer, and de facto mascot of rock band Happy Mondays, having been invited by lead singer Shaun Ryder shortly after the band was formed. He is chiefly remembered for his bizarre style of dancing and use of maracas. The band's second single, "Freaky Dancin'", was rumoured to be a tribute to Bez. However, Ryder stated that this was not the case in his autobiography Twistin' My Melon.

After the Happy Mondays broke up, Bez became a member of Ryder's next group Black Grape, but he left them in 1997. That same year, he had a feature on the BBC Two television programme The Sunday Show called Science with Bez. When both men faced large tax bills, Bez and Ryder reformed the Happy Mondays in 1998, but it was short-lived. A book about his experiences in both bands, Freaky Dancin''' (), was published by Pan MacMillan in 1998. In the opening chapter, Bez detailed an incident during a Happy Mondays gig at Manchester's Haçienda nightclub in 1986. In the middle of the set, he fell off the stage and cut his forehead. In the book, he writes, "The doc tells me to take it easy and put my feet up. I thought, 'I'm not fucking havin' that.' I got some of [lead guitarist] Moose's acid, dripped it in the cut and ran back out with me shakers. Fuckin' raz!"

He appeared on Celebrity Big Brother in 2005, in order to pay off his outstanding tax bills, and was voted as the winner of the series. He used some of his winnings to improve the engine of his London black cab; the television show Pimp My Ride UK customised it to make it suit him. After the cab was "pimped", it had twenty speakers, eight amps, two DVD players, fifteen TV screens and a camera on the grille linked to one of the screens, the sign saying TAXI on the top was changed to PIMP, and it had purple paint on the outside.

The New Musical Express (NME) carried a series of articles about famous members of bands whose musical contribution to their bandmates' success was negligible. The newspaper used the name "Bez" as a generic label for the likes of Chas Smash of Madness, Andrew Ridgeley of Wham!, Paul Morley of Art of Noise, Linda McCartney of Wings, and Paul Rutherford of Frankie Goes to Hollywood.

In 2006, Bez was promoting a compilation album titled Bez's Madchester Anthems: Sorted Tunes from Back in the Day. The Happy Mondays again reformed: the third incarnation of the group had Bez touring with them. On 2 July 2007, they released their first studio album in 15 years entitled Uncle Dysfunktional. On 4 September 2007, Bez went head-to-head with royal correspondent James Whitaker on ITV television programme Don't Call Me Stupid and beat him. Bez and James taught each other about their respective specialist subjects: the Manchester music scene and royal etiquette, and then they were quizzed on what they had learnt. This was followed by a general knowledge round. Despite not knowing that the Queen has two birthdays, Bez won. His prize, as selected by James, was a bottle of expensive red wine and a decanter so he didn't have to drink any "poor person's supermarket plonk".

Bez took part in Series 4 of Adrenaline Junkie (aired on 1 October 2008 on ITV2), the tasks involved taking on the world's biggest bungee down the front of the dam which featured in GoldenEye, building an ice hotel in the mountains, and undertook a jump from one cable car to another. On 29 January 2012, Ryder announced on the radio station XFM that the band would return with the original and definitive line-up of himself, his brother Paul Ryder on bass, Bez, Gary Whelan on drums, Rowetta as backing vocalist, Mark Day on guitar and Paul Davis on keyboards. They appeared on ITV's This Morning, and were interviewed by Phillip Schofield. The band announced in September 2012 that they were writing their first album with the original line-up in more than 20 years.

Bez was announced as the headliner on the DJ stage at upcoming festival Party in the Pines on 3 May 2014. In September 2018, he took part in a special episode of Bargain Hunt where he and Rowetta competed against Jarvis Cocker and Candida Doyle from Pulp. Bez and Rowetta won the episode by earning a profit of £8, but it was later discovered that Bez's girlfriend had bought two of their items. As it was against the rules of the programme for friends and family of the teams to buy items the teams were selling, Cocker and Doyle were made the winners and Bez had to hand over £8 from his own pocket.

Personal life
Berry currently resides in Urmston, Greater Manchester. He is a fan of Manchester United FC. He is a beekeeper and beer brewer in his spare time, and has lived on land-shares in Herefordshire and Wales. At some point, he lived next door to Ryder in Padfield, Derbyshire.

Bez was declared bankrupt in 2005 and 2008.

In August 2010, Bez was convicted of physically assaulting his ex-girlfriend Monica Ward, with whom he has a son, by throttling and threatening to kill her. He was sentenced to four weeks in prison after having first received a community service sentence but refusing to co-operate. He was arrested at London's Euston Station in November 2010 for breaching a restraining order granted to Ward following the assault, and escorted to appear before magistrates in Manchester.

In November 2014, Bez became a patron of homeless organisation Coffee4Craig. The organisation started in 2013 when married couple Risha and Hendrix Lancaster lost Risha's brother, Craig White, to a heroin overdose while sleeping rough. He is very active in his support, even inviting them to join him on the onstage bed in London during a Black Grape gig and frequently discussing the issue of homelessness.

Bez stood as a candidate for the Salford and Eccles constituency in the 2015 UK General Election. The incumbent Member of Parliament, Hazel Blears, announced her intention to stand down at the election. Bez ran on a platform of "free energy, free food and free anything". He received 703 votes (1.6% of the total turnout) which placed him in sixth position in the constituency. The seat was won by the new Labour Party candidate, Rebecca Long-Bailey, who received 21,364 votes (49.4% of the total).

In popular culture
In the film 24 Hour Party People, Bez is played by Chris Coghill.

In the comedy series Peep Show'', Jeremy gets a mercy spot in a band called The Executioner's Bong as they tell him he can "get in on maracas". Jeremy protests, "I won't be Bez. I wanna be in there on merit!"

References

General
BBC News – Bez Dances His Way To Win
Bez to run for Salford MP in the 2015 general election

External links

Category:1964 births
Category:Living people
Category:English male dancers
Category:English male comedians
Category:English stand-up comedians
Category:English people convicted of assault
Category:Happy Mondays members
Category:Black Grape members
Category:Maracas players
Category:Music in Salford
Category:People educated at Worsley Wardley Grammar School
Category:People from Salford
Category:Reality show winners
Category:Political party founders
Category:Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom


Jeremy Bujakowski

Jeremy John Bujakowski (March 30, 1939 - June 1, 2010) was India's alpine skier of Polish descent, and two-time representative of India at the Winter Olympics. He was born in Druskininkai to Polish travellers Halina Korolec-Bujakowski and Stanisław Bujakowski, who in the years 1934 to 1936 travelled by motorcycle from Druskininkai to Shanghai. His father had served as a Warrant Officer of the No.101 Repair and Servicing Unit in the Polish Air Force in the UK during World War II.

He came to India at the age of seven with his parents, where he studied at the St Joseph's North Point, Darjeeling, and graduated from the St Xavier's College, Kolkata, before leaving for the United States for higher studies.

Jeremy Bujakowski was India's first and sole athlete at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. He competed in the Men's downhill event in Alpine Skiing, which he could not finish due to an injury. He returned in 1968 to represent India at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, in Alpine Skiing, competing again in the downhill, slalom, and giant slalom events.

Alpine skiing

Men

Men

Men's slalom

References

Jeremy Bujakowski carrying the Indian flag at the 1968 games Photo  - image

Category:1939 births
Category:Indian male alpine skiers
Category:Alpine skiers at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Category:Alpine skiers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Category:Olympic alpine skiers of India
Category:2010 deaths
Category:Polish emigrants to India
Category:People from Druskininkai


Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre

The men's sabre was one of three fencing events on the Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme.  It was held on 9 April, the fourth day of competition.

The five competitors were the Greeks Telemachos Karakalos, Ioannis Georgiadis, and Georgios Iatridis; the Dane Holger Nielsen; and the Austrian Adolf Schmal.  Ten matches were held.  Each fencer faced every other fencer.  Georgiadis was undefeated and thus won the gold medal.  Karakalos had lost only to Georgiadis, while Nielsen had lost to those two and no others.  Schmall's only victory was over Iatridis, who lost all four of his matches.

Results

References
  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )

Men's amateur sabre


Ocean View Hills School

Ocean View Hills School is a public elementary and middle school in San Diego, California, United States, located near the junction of California State Route 905 and Interstate 805. At the time of its opening, it was the first new school to open in the San Ysidro Elementary School District in 24 years.

History
Ocean View Hills School opened in temporary buildings in 2001 with a capacity of about over 1,000 students students. The campus location, roughly two miles from Brown Field Municipal Airport, contributed to the extended period before the permanent building was constructed while the San Diego City Council debated whether to convert the airfield to a cargo airport, a change which was ultimately rejected. After that, the frequent change in district leadership was a major factor in the delay. Construction on the new buildings began in October 2004 and was completed in December 2005.

After the permanent building opened, the school became so popular that it was facing overcrowding within a year. The reintroduction of portable classrooms and additional staff was expected to relieve the situation, as was the construction of Vista Del Mar Elementary School in the Ocean View Hills neighborhood.

Campus
The school is sited on  with an additional  for parking. The campus has seven buildings with over 40 classrooms.

The classrooms are outfitted with a variety of educational technology products, such as interactive whiteboards, wireless microphones and teacher workstations that include high-resolution document cameras.

Extracurricular activities
Ocean View Hills School has an after-school performing arts program that puts on a full musical once a year.

It also have team sports like softball, baseball, American football, soccer, basketball and volleyball. It is creating a band and an orchestra.

References

External links
San Ysidro School District

Category:Schools in San Diego
Category:Public elementary schools in California
Category:Public middle schools in California
Category:Educational institutions established in 2001


John Minihan

John Minihan may refer to:

 John Minihan (photographer) (born 1946), Irish photographer
 John Minihan (politician), Irish politician


Colen Campbell

Colen Campbell (15 June 1676 – 13 September 1729) was a pioneering Scottish architect and architectural writer, credited as a founder of the Georgian style. For most of his career, he resided in Italy and England.

A descendant of the Campbells of Cawdor Castle, he is believed to be the Colinus Campbell who graduated from the University of Edinburgh in July 1695. He initially trained as a lawyer, being admitted to the Faculty of Advocates on 29 July 1702.

He had travelled in Italy from 1695–1702 and is believed to be the Colinus Campbell who signed the visitor's book at the University of Padua in 1697. He is believed to have trained in and studied architecture under James Smith, this belief is strengthened by Campbell owning several drawings of buildings designed by Smith.

Vitruvius Britannicus
His major published work, Vitruvius Britannicus, or the British Architect... appeared in three volumes between 1715 and 1725.  (Further volumes using the successful title were assembled by Woolfe and Gandon, and published in 1767 and 1771.) Vitruvius Britannicus was the first architectural work to originate in England since John Shute's Elizabethan First Groundes. In the empirical vein, it was not a treatise but basically a catalogue of design, containing engravings of English buildings by Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren, as well as Campbell himself and other prominent architects of the era.

In the introduction that he appended and in the brief descriptions, Campbell belaboured the "excesses" of Baroque style and declared British independence from foreigners while he dedicated the volume to Hanoverian George I. The third volume (1725) has several grand layouts of gardens and parks, with straight allées, for courts and patterned parterres and radiating rides through wooded plantations, in a Baroque manner that was rapidly becoming old-fashioned.

Buildings were shown in plan, section and elevation, but also some were in a bird's-eye perspective. The drawings and designs contained in the book were under way before Campbell was drawn into the speculative scheme.  The success of the volumes was instrumental in popularising neo-Palladian Architecture in Great Britain and America during the 18th century.  For example, Plate 16 of Vitruvius Britannicus, a rendering of Somerset House in London, was an inspiration for American architect Peter Harrison when he designed the Brick Market in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1761.

Campbell was influenced as a young man by James Smith (ca 1645 – 1731), the pre-eminent Scots architect of his day, and an early neo-Palladian whom Campbell called "the most experienced architect" of Scotland (Vitruvius Britannicus, ii).

The somewhat promotional volume, with its excellently rendered engravings, came at a propitious moment at the beginning of a boom in country house and villa building among the Whig oligarchy. Campbell was quickly taken up by Lord Burlington, who replaced James Gibbs with Campbell at Burlington House in London and set out to place himself at the center of English neo-Palladian architecture. In 1718, Campbell was appointed deputy to the amateur gentleman who had replaced Wren as Surveyor General of the Royal Board of Works, an appointment that Burlington is certain to have pressed, but a short-lived one. When Benson, the new Surveyor was turned out of office, Campbell went with him.

Campbell's main commissions

Wanstead House, Essex: ca 1713/4 – 20 (illustrated left) In the first volume of Vitruvius Britannicus the most influential designs were two alternatives for a palatial Wanstead House, Essex, for the merchant-banker Sir Richard Child, of which the second design was already under way when the volume was published. (Campbell claimed that Wanstead House had Great Britain's first classical portico, but this accolade probably belongs to The Vyne, Hampshire.)
 Burlington House, London 1717. Remodelled the front and provided an entrance gateway for Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington (Remodelled in 1868 and the gateway demolished.)
 Stourhead, Wiltshire, 1721–24, as a seat for the London-based banker Henry Hoare. Wings were added in the later 18th century, and Campbell's portico was not executed (though to his design) until 1841. The famous landscape garden round a lake, somewhat apart from the house, was developed after Campbell's death, by Henry Flitcroft.

 Pembroke House, Whitehall, London, for Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, 1723, a London house in a prominent location for the heir of Jones' Wilton House. It was rebuilt in 1757 and demolished in 1913.  Lord Herbert (as he then was) was inspired by it to design the similar Marble Hill at Twickenham for Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, the mistress of the future George II. (Marble Hill was a 5-bay palladian villa with central pediment, raised on a high basement, with clumped screens of trees and formal turfed terraces descending to the Thames, illustrated right, that manifest the earliest stages of the English landscape garden.)
 Houghton Hall, Norfolk, begun 1722, for Sir Robert Walpole, the Whig prime minister. Here Campbell was replaced by Gibbs, who capped the end pavilions with octagonal domes, and by William Kent, who designed the interiors.
 Mereworth Castle, Kent 1722 – 25: Campbell's most overtly palladian design, based on Villa La Rotonda, capped with a dome with no drum, through which 24 chimney flues pass to the lantern.
 Waverley Abbey, Surrey ca 1723–25 for John Aislabie (largely altered)

 Nos 76 and 78 Brook Street, London W1, 1725 – 26. No. 76, which survives, was Campbell's own house, the designs for its interiors published in his Five Orders of architecture, (1729). It carries a blue plaque commemorating him.
 Compton Place, Eastbourne, Sussex, 1726 onwards, south front and extensive internal rebuilding for Sir Spencer Compton
 Plumptre House, Nottingham 1724 - 30. Remodelled for John Plumptre MP.

List of architectural works
Shawfield Mansion, Glasgow (1712) demolished 1792
Wanstead House, Essex (1714–15) demolished 1822
Hedworth House, Chester-le-Street (1726)
Hotham House, Beverley (1716–17) demolished c.1766
Burlington House, London, south front, and west wing (1717) subsequently extended and several occasions
Burlington (Ten Acre Close) Estate, London, layout (1717–18)
Burlington House, Great Gate and Street Wall (1718)
Rolls House, Chancery Lane, London (1718), demolished 1895–96
Ebberston Lodge, Ebberston, Yorkshire, including cascade (1718)
34 Great Burlington Street, London (1718–19)
33 Great Burlington Street, London (1719–20)
32 Great Burlington Street, London (c.1720); this was Campbell's own house
31 Great Burlington Street, London (1719–24) rebuilt
Burlington Girls' Charity School, Boyle Street, London (1719–21)
Wimbledon Manor House, Surrey, for Sir Theodore Janssen (1720); completion uncertain
Newby Park, (now Baldersby Park), near Topcliffe, Yorkshire (1720–21)
Houghton Hall, Norfolk; one of several architects to work on the building (1721–22)
Stourhead, Wiltshire, the portico part of Campbell's design was only added in 1840 (1721–24); interiors destroyed by fire 1902
Mereworth Castle, Kent (1722–23)
Pembroke Lodge, Whitehall, London; executed Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke's design (c.1724), demolished 1756
Plumptre House, Nottingham (1724)
Hall Barn, Buckinghamshire, garden buildings: Great Room (only partially survives), Temple of Venus, Obelisk & Doric Pavilion (1724)
Waverley Manor, Surrey (c.1725), extended 1770, damaged by fire and rebuilt 1833
Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, London; additions to Queen Mary block and Queen Anne block (1726–29)
Compton Place, Eastbourne, remodelled house (1726–29)
76 Brook Street, London, internal alterations (c.1726); became Campbell's new home
Hackney House, Hackney, London (c.1727), demolished before 1842
Althorp, Northamptonshire, new stables, loggia gate (c.1729–33)
Studley Royal Park, Yorkshire, the stables (c.1729) built after his death by Roger Morris

Gallery of architectural work

References

Howard Colvin, A Biographical dictionary of British Architects, 3rd edition
Robert Tavernor, Palladio and Palladianism 1991

Category:1676 births
Category:1729 deaths
Category:Anglo-Scots
Category:18th-century Scottish architects
Category:18th-century Scottish writers
Category:Scottish architecture writers
Campbell, Colin
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Members of the Faculty of Advocates
Category:Scottish expatriates in Italy
Category:People from Moray


Glatt Valley

The Glatt Valley (German: Glattal or Glatttal) is a region and a river valley in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

Geography
The Glatt is a tributary of the Rhine in the Zürcher Unterland area of the canton of Zurich. It is  long and flows out from the Greifensee through its river valley, discharging into the Rhine by Rheinsfelden.

The Region Glatttal comprises, among other communities in the districts of Uster, Dielsdorf and Bülach, the suburban cities and municipalities of Bassersdorf, Bülach, Dietlikon, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Glattfelden, Höri, Kloten, Oberglatt, Opfikon-Glattbrugg, Rümlang, Schwerzenbach, Wallisellen and Wangen-Brüttisellen. In addition, the districts 11 and 12 (so-called Zürich-Nord) of the city of Zürich, consisting of the quarters of Affoltern, Oerlikon and Seebach respectively Hirzenbach, Saatlen and Schwamendingen Mitte, are located in the Glattal.

Economics and transport
The Glattal is heavily populated thanks to the good location factor, among them Zurich Airport, excellent infrastructure, growing economics and attractive residential area. A negative location factor is the high noise impact of Zurich Airport. In Opfikon, the project Glattpark will realize by 2014 habitat for about 7,000 inhabitants and an equal number of jobs. In Zürich Oerlikon, Seebach and Affoltern, the urban-looking residential neighborhood Neu-Oerlikon was built within the last 10 years. The society glow Glattal, operated by the municipalities, is intended to enhance networking of the region and to realise those common projects.

The Glatt Valley has excellent transport links: Zurich Airport is located in Kloten, Zurich Oerlikon railway station is one of the 15 most frequented railway stations in Switzerland. Stadtbahn Glattal is a modern rapid-transit system. It connects (Phase 1B, as of 2009) Zürich Hauptbahnhof and Zürich Flughafen, via Opfikon and Glattbrugg, by the Zürich tram line 10, in addition to the services of SBB-CFF-FFS (InterRegio and InterCity) and S-Bahn Zürich on the lines S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S14, S15 and S16. Within the city of Zürich and in the surrounding municipalities, Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ) provide additional bus line services.

References

External links

 Agglomerationslandschaften: Das Glattal

Category:Regions of Switzerland
Category:River valleys of Switzerland
Category:High Rhine basin
Category:Landforms of the canton of Zürich


Swimming at the 2014 South American Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle

The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 South American Games took place on March 9 at the Estadio Nacional.  The last champion was Luiz Arapiraca of Brazil.

This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening, and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning session.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:

Results
All times are in minutes and seconds.

The first round was held on March 9, at 11:06, and the final was held on March 9, at 18:05.

References

Category:Swimming at the 2014 South American Games


Quartz thermometer

The quartz thermometer is a high-precision, high accuracy temperature sensor. It measures temperature by measuring the frequency of a quartz crystal oscillator. The oscillator contains a specially cut crystal that results in a linear temperature coefficient of frequency, so the measurement of the temperature is essentially reduced to measurement of the oscillator frequency. Resolutions of .0001 °C, and accuracy of .02 °C from 0-100 °C are achievable. The high linearity makes it possible to achieve high accuracy over an important temperature range that contains only one convenient temperature reference point for calibration, the triple point of water.

Introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 1965, the successor company, Agilent, has discontinued the Model 2804A Quartz Thermometer.
Other manufacturers make nearly linear-in-temperature quartz crystals that may be used to construct thermometers of similar performance.

References

original announcement
2804A Quartz Thermometer discontinued - last version of the manual, available here, is dated 1986
Quartz temperature sensors - linear crystals for making thermometers

Category:Thermometers


Anjunabeats Volume 13

Anjunabeats Volume 13 is the thirteenth installment in the Anjunabeats Volume compilation series mixed and compiled by British trance group Above & Beyond. It was released on 10 February 2017 through Anjunabeats.

Track listing

Release history

References

External links
 Anjunabeats Volume 13 holding page

Category:Above & Beyond (band) albums
Category:Electronic compilation albums
Category:2017 compilation albums
Category:Sequel albums


Åkebergveien

Åkebergveien is a street in Oslo, Norway. The street is named after the former farm Åkeberg.

Åkebergveien 11 formerly belonged to the brewery Ytteborgs Aktiebryggeri. In 1934 the building was acquired by the city of Oslo, and after rebuilding became part of the district prison of Oslo, currently department B of Oslo Prison (). The prison is popularly called "Bayer'n", due to its history as a brewery. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, part of the prison was used by the Germans for political prisoners and detainees. The former Botsfengselet, currently department A of Oslo Prison, is located nearby.

Åkebergveien 50 was the first municipal apartment building of Oslo.

References

Category:Streets in Oslo


Continental Volleyball Conference

The Continental Volleyball Conference is an intercollegiate men's volleyball conference associated with the NCAA's Division III.

History
On April 4, 2011 Gary Williams, Associate Athletic Director of Carthage College announced in Milwaukee the formation of the Continental Volleyball Conference. The league was established as a direct result of the launch of the NCAA Men's Division III Volleyball Championship in the next school year of 2011–12, with the inaugural tournament to take place in April 2012.

With the continued growth of Division III men's volleyball, the CVC announced in March 2014 that it would split into two leagues after the 2014 season. The league's six Eastern members retained the CVC name and branding, while the six Midwestern members, plus two other Midwestern schools that had been announced as incoming CVC members, formed a new men's volleyball conference that was later unveiled as the Midwest Collegiate Volleyball League (MCVL). When the split was announced, the eastern members also added Rutgers–Newark, a Division III school which had previously played at the National Collegiate (Division I/II) level as a "grandfathered" scholarship-granting program, for the 2015 season.

The conference added the newly launched men's volleyball program of Alvernia as its eighth member for the 2017 season.

Further membership changes were announced in 2016. First, on October 12, the Middle Atlantic Conferences, whose Commonwealth Conference was the all-sports home of charter CVC member Stevenson and new CVC member Alvernia, announced that its Middle Atlantic Conference would begin sponsoring men's volleyball in the 2018 season, leading to the departure of those schools from the CVC. Within a week of this development, the CVC announced that Kean, Neumann, and Southern Virginia would
become new members for the 2018 season, and that Thiel would leave after that same season. Then, on November 21, Ramapo was announced as an incoming member for the 2018 season.

Thiel did not initially announce its future men's volleyball affiliation, but would eventually be revealed as a new affiliate member of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference effective with the 2018–19 school year.

While Thiel left after the 2018 season, the CVC added three new members for the 2019 season, all of which launched new varsity programs at that time. First, in October 2017, Randolph–Macon College was announced as an incoming member. Then, in December of that year, the CVC announced that Elizabethtown College and Immaculata University would also join.

On July 1, 2018 the New Jersey Athletic Conference announced they would add men’s volleyball as a sponsored sport. Kean and Rutgers–Newark maintain dual membership in the CVC and NJAC starting in 2018–19. Ramapo College left the CVC and returned to the Skyline Conference; Rampo maintains dual affiliation for men's volleyball in the NJAC and Skyline.

Inaugural member, Cairn departed the conference for the 2019-20 academic year after the university's all-sport conference, the Colonial States Athletic Conference, annouced the addition of men's volleyball as a conference sport.

Member schools

Current members
The league currently has 9 full members.

Note that because NCAA men's volleyball is a spring sport, the year of joining is the calendar year before the first season of competition.

Former members
School names and nicknames reflect those in use during the final season each school was a CVC member.

In addition to the above schools, two other institutions that were adding men's volleyball for the 2014–15 school year (2015 season)—Benedictine University in Illinois and Loras College in Iowa—had been announced as new CVC members. They never officially joined the CVC, instead uniting with the six Midwestern CVC schools in the MCVL. (Benedictine left once its all-sports home of the Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference began sponsoring men's volleyball in 2017–18, while Loras left the MCVL in 2019 for single-sport membership in the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin, which added men's volleyball for 2019–20 and beyond.)

Membership timeline
As noted previously, the year of joining is the calendar year before the first season of competition.

Conference Tournament Champions

League titles by school

Notes

References

Category:NCAA Division III conferences


Genetic variation

Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals. There are multiple sources of genetic variation, including mutation and genetic recombination.

Among individuals within a population

Genetic variation can be identified at a many levels.  It is possible to identify genetic variation from observations of phenotypic variation in either quantitative traits (traits that vary continuously and are coded for by many genes (e.g., leg length in dogs)) or discrete traits (traits that fall into discrete categories and are coded for by one or a few genes (e.g., white, pink, red petal color in certain flowers)).

Genetic variation can also be identified by examining variation at the level of enzymes using the process of protein electrophoresis. Polymorphic genes have more than one allele at each locus. Half of the genes that code for enzymes in insects and plants may be polymorphic, whereas polymorphisms are less common among vertebrates.

Ultimately, genetic variation is caused by variation in the order of bases in the nucleotides in genes. New technology now allows scientists to directly sequence DNA which has identified even more genetic variation than was previously detected by protein electrophoresis. Examination of DNA has shown genetic variation in both coding regions and in the non-coding intron region of genes.

Genetic variation will result in phenotypic variation if variation in the order of nucleotides in the DNA sequence results in a difference in the order of amino acids in proteins coded by that DNA sequence, and if the resultant differences in amino acid sequence influence the shape, and thus the function of the enzyme.

Between populations
Geographic variation means genetic differences in populations from different locations. This is caused by natural selection or genetic drift.

Measurement
Genetic variation within a population is commonly measured as the percentage of gene loci that are polymorphic or the percentage of gene loci in individuals that are heterozygous.

Sources

Random mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutations are likely to be rare and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances, the new alleles can be favored by natural selection.

Polyploidy is an example of chromosomal mutation. Polyploidy is a condition wherein organisms have three or more sets of genetic variation (3n or more).

Crossing over (genetic recombination) and random segregation during meiosis can result in the production of new alleles or new combinations of alleles. Furthermore, random fertilization also contributes to variation.

Variation and recombination can be facilitated by transposable genetic elements, endogenous retroviruses, LINEs, SINEs, etc.

For a given genome of a multicellular organism, genetic variation may be acquired in somatic cells or inherited through the germline.

Forms
Genetic variation can be divided into different forms according to the size and type of genomic variation underpinning genetic change.
Small-scale sequence variation (<1 kilobase, kb) includes base-pair substitution and  indels.
Large-scale structural variation (>1 kb) can be either copy number variation (loss or gain), or chromosomal rearrangement (translocation, inversion, or Segmental acquired uniparental disomy). Genetic variation and recombination by transposable elements and endogenous retroviruses sometimes is supplemented by a variety of persistent viruses and their defectives which generate genetic novelty in host genomes.
Numerical variation in whole chromosomes or genomes can be either polyploidy or aneuploidy.

Maintenance in populations
A variety of factors maintain genetic variation in populations. Potentially harmful recessive alleles can be hidden from selection in the heterozygous individuals in populations of diploid organisms (recessive alleles are only expressed in the less common homozygous individuals). Natural selection can also maintain genetic variation in balanced polymorphisms. Balanced polymorphisms may occur when heterozygotes are favored or when selection is frequency dependent.

See also
 Genetic diversity
 Genetic variability
 Human genetic variation

References

Further reading
 Mayr E. (1970): Populations, species, and evolution – An abridgment of Animal species and evolution. The Belknap Press of Harvard University  Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, .
 Dobzhansky T. (1970):  Genetics of the evolutionary process. Columbia,  New York, .
  McGinley, Mark; J. Emmett Duffy (ed). 2008. "Genetic variation." In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, D.C.: National Council for Science and the Environment.
 "Genetic Variation" in Griffiths, A.J.F. Modern Genetic Analysis, Vol 2., p. 7
 "How is Genetic Variation Maintained in Populations" in Sadava, D. et al. Life: The Science of Biology, p. 456
 Nevo, E.; Beiles, A. "Genetic variation in nature". Scholarpedia, 6(7):8821. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.8821
 Hedrick P. (2011): Genetics of populations. Jones & Bartlett Learning, .
Albers P. K. and McVean G. (2018): Dating genomic variants and shared ancestry in population-scale sequencing data. bioRxiv: 416610. doi:10.1101/416610.
 Rieger  R. Michaelis A.,  Green M. M.  (1976): Glossary of genetics and cytogenetics: Classical and molecular. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg - New York, ; .
 Griffiths, A. J. F. (1999). An Introduction to genetic analysis. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, .
 Cavalli-Sforza L. L., Bodmer W. F. (1999): The genetics of human populations. Dover, Mineola, New York, .

External links
Genetic variation

Category:Population genetics


Ejnar Jacobsen

Ejnar Jacobsen  (June 9, 1897 – July 17, 1970) was a Danish composer.

See also
List of Danish composers

References
This article was initially translated from the Danish Wikipedia.

Category:Danish composers
Category:Male composers
Category:1897 births
Category:1970 deaths
Category:20th-century composers
Category:20th-century male musicians


Westlake Chemical

Westlake Chemical is an international manufacturer and supplier of petrochemicals, polymers and fabricated building products, which are fundamental to various consumer and industrial markets.The company was founded by Ting Tsung Chao in 1986. it is the largest producer of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the US and ranks among the Forbes Global 2000. Westlake Chemical operates in two segments: Olefins and Vinyls, and is also an integrated producer of vinyls, with substantial downstream integration into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) building products.

Facilities
In 2014, Westlake made a significant expansion in their ethylene production facilities in Sulphur, Louisiana.

In 2014, Westlake acquired the German polyvinyl chloride manufacturer Vinnolit.

In 2016, Westlake acquired U.S. chlor-alkali producer Axiall Corporation for US$3.8 billion.

References

Category:Petrochemical companies
Category:Manufacturing companies based in Houston
Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange