Ria Mae

Ria MacNutt (born March 12, 1991), known professionally as Ria Mae, is a Canadian singer and songwriter from Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Career
As a child, Mae's family moved around Halifax, switching from school to school while she learned to write songs. Ria has described herself as a teenager who spent hours in her bedroom writing songs and teaching herself how to play guitar while rarely sharing them with anyone else. "I was super shy and just kept it hidden," she says. "I used to write about relationships but I never had one. It was just imagination stuff." She wouldn't play those songs in front of a big crowd until shortly before high school graduation.

But instead of pursuing a career in music, she briefly dabbled in construction management out of high school. Before long, she would return to music, playing in bars and clubs and steadily growing a fan base.

Her first release, the EP Between the Bad, was released in 2009. Two years later, Mae was chosen as a finalist in the Mountain Stage NewSong Contest, causing her to cancel her show at the Halifax Pop Explosion.

In 2011, Mae self-released her debut album Under Your Skin, recorded with Mir members Asif and Shehab Illyas at The Shire Studios in Halifax. Mae met the Illyas brothers while acting in Rohan Fernando's feature-length independent film, Snow, in which she played an itinerant singer. The Illyas brothers composed the score for Snow. Under Your Skin won an East Coast Music Award in 2012. In March 2012, the song "Under Your Skin" was chosen as a finalist in the Radio Star National Talent Search at Canadian Music Week.

In 2013 she was nominated for another ECMA for Song of the Year for her song "Leaving Today".

The single "Clothes Off" was released in 2015 and has received positive reviews. The themes behind the song were inspired by a visit to Montreal where Mae took in the nightlife. It is her first release with Sony Music Canada. The track is produced by Juno Award-winning hip-hop producer Classified, who Mae chose after hearing his work with David Myles and Chad Hatcher. "Clothes Off" was nominated for Juno Award for Single of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2016.

Mae was nominated for Songwriter of the Year at the 2015 East Coast Music Awards.

Her self-titled album was also produced by Classified and Mae has said she doesn't think the collaboration would've come about if they weren't both from Halifax. "(Halifax) makes for some really funny collaborations," she told The Canadian Press in an interview. "If I grew up in Toronto I wouldn't necessarily be collaborating with the most famous hip-hop artist (in the city)."

Classified co-wrote and produced Mae's hit song "Thoughts On Fire" and raps on the version featuring Classified. Mae wrote "Thoughts On Fire" the day she signed with Sony Music Entertainment Canada: "Despite being told 'no' for over a year, I just never stopped believing," she said.

Mae has performed at CMJ Music Marathon in New York City, Folk Alliance International in Memphis, Canadian Music Week in Toronto, Contact East in Fredericton, and at East Coast Music Awards Week. She has shared the stage with Family of the Year, Xavier Rudd, Buck 65, Classified, and opened for Elle King.

She is out as a member of the LGBT community.

Mae is a member of Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.

Mae portrayed a lesbian relationship in the music video for her single "Gold". It would later be acknowledged as a rare example of a positive lesbian relationship in a music video that didn't "exist solely for the titillation of straight men."

The singer told The Canadian Press that she struggled with playing an alternate version of her sexuality in a music video, concerned it might pigeonhole her career. After some consideration she changed her perspective: “I had this gut feeling, like, ‘Shut up. It’s good, and it’s important,'" she said.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Singles

Filmography
 Snow as an itinerant singer

References

Category:Canadian singer-songwriters
Category:Canadian female singers
Category:Musicians from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Category:LGBT musicians from Canada
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian pop singers
Category:1991 births


Albugnano

Albugnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about  east of Turin and about  northwest of Asti.

Albugnano borders the following municipalities: Aramengo, Berzano di San Pietro, Castelnuovo Don Bosco, Moncucco Torinese, Passerano Marmorito, and Pino d'Asti.

Main sights
Parish church of San Giacomo Maggiore (15th century), with a 19th-century façade.
Church of St. Peter (11th century)
Tower belvedere, named after a medieval watch tower destroyed in 1401.

The Vezzolano Abbey is located nearby.

References

Category:Cities and towns in Piedmont


1995 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Singles

Anke Huber was the defending champion, but lost in semifinals to Gabriela Sabatini.

Iva Majoli won the title, defeating Sabatini 6–4, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

References
 Official Results Archive (ITF)
 Official Results Archive (WTA)

Porsche Tennis Grand Prix - Singles
1995 Singles


Thomas A. McKean

Thomas A. McKean is an American autistic author and lecturer. He is a poet, a singer-songwriter, an international speaker and a writer. He is the author of Soon Will Come the Light: A View From Inside the Autism Puzzle and Light On the Horizon: A Deeper View From Inside the Autism Puzzle. McKean has claimed that he did not speak until he was 16, but was able to describe how autism was like to him. He constantly fights various symptoms such as making strange noises, and says that perception of the senses causes low-intensity pain. McKean at one time earned a living traveling about and doing conferences and consulting work on autism. He has been described as having the unusual ability to be in the world of autism, yet also possesses the communication skills to describe what that world is like.

History
McKean claimed that he was never given a formal diagnosis growing up, so he was often punished, even though he knew there was something wrong with him. He spent the first half of his elementary school career in a regular classroom, then was in special-education classrooms until the sixth grade. He also claimed to be unpopular in school, and dreaded gym and recess. McKean then spent three years in a psychiatric institution starting at age 14. However, he was eventually elected to the board of the Autism Society of America in 1992.  He started his advocacy career after discovering that he was on the spectrum, through attending Autism Society of America chapter meetings and receiving attention for being able to talk about his own experiences as an autistic person.

Thomas McKean was a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2001. On the show, he said that he was lonely as a child, had to learn emotions, and said that his sensitivity to certain sensations and colors was exaggerated. McKean also discussed aspects of his autism in Esquire magazine, in a section dedicated to unusual experiences.

Analysis
In Soon Will Come the Light: A View From Inside the Autism Puzzle, a winner of the Autism Society of America's Literary Achievement Award, he described the years that he faced confusion around his disorder. He also claimed to have talents in fields such as computers and technical design, in addition to his passion for writing.  This book was one of the first autobiographies to provide unique insight into the world of autism. Janis M. Serak, a member of the Autism Society of America, Board of Directors, reviewed the book in The Advocate, the Autism Society of America's newsletter in 1994. Serak claimed that few books had been written by autistics, and that this book could be useful to parents of autistic children for its first-person portrayal of autism. Overall, he wrote that McKean had sought to understand himself better through writing.

Views on Autism and Neurodiversity
McKean believes that autism professionals need to listen more carefully to parents, and be more verbally direct about the child's difficulties.  He also insists that parents and professionals should keep up on current research.

McKean once wrote an article for The Advocate about his experiences with auditory integration training for autism, claiming that it gave him mixed results.  He says that it is important to ask professionals in this field about the reliability of their methods and claims.

At one point, McKean gave a first-person account about dating with autism, where various issues were discussed.  He was dating a woman named Theresa who also had two autistic children, who also wrote part of the account.  Theresa wrote about how his sensory issues caused difficulty with intimacy.  McKean also said it was difficult to know how to understand and discipline her children.  Nonetheless, they said that they wanted to put the effort into creating a strong relationship.

McKean has stated that some people who claim to have autism on the internet portray a very distorted and unrealistic view of what autism really is. He has described the politics of autism as a distraction from the therapies and support needed to treat those who have it. In his 2006 essay A Danger in Speaking that McKean questions autistic speakers that have been self-diagnosed. Critics say that this ignores the obstacles and stigma that some autistics face in getting diagnosed.

Bibliography
 Soon Will Come the Light: A View from Inside the Autism Puzzle (1994, Future Horizons, Inc.; reissued 2001, Future Horizons, Inc.)
 Light on the Horizon: A Deeper View from Inside the Autism Puzzle (1996, Future Horizons, Inc.)

References

External links

Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers
Category:Activists from Ohio
Category:American activists
Category:Autism activists
Category:Writers from Columbus, Ohio
Category:People on the autism spectrum
Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:American male non-fiction writers


William Turner (Blackburn MP)

William Turner (1777 – 17 July 1842) was an English  Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1832 to 1841.

Life
Turner was the youngest of four sons of a family that arrived in Blackburn at the beginning of the nineteenth century and opened a calico printing works at Mill Hill. Turner married his cousin Jane and acquired an estate at Shrigley Hall in Cheshire. He served as High Sheriff of Cheshire in 1826.  In 1827 his only daughter Ellen was tricked into eloping with Edward Gibbon Wakefield, an unscrupulous fortune hunter.  They married in Gretna Green.  The case was known as the Shrigley abduction, and the marriage was later annulled by the House of Lords.  Wakefield was jailed for three years.

The Turners were popular in Blackburn and William was much liked as an employer.  At the 1832 general election, he ran for the newly created constituency of Blackburn, "almost like a bomb shell, offering himself to the Free and independent electors of both parties". He made an election speech outside the Old Bull Hotel to a large crowd of working men, saying, "Gentlemen, They said I wouldn’t come; but I am come, and will be here at the day of the election. I'll stand the contest. It rains; it will wet you and will wet me. Good night. Give us three cheers." He then went into the inn and bought barrels of beer for the crowds.  Turner was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn and held the seat until the 1841 general election, when he was defeated by the Conservative Party candidate John Hornby.

In 1833, William and his wife built almshouses on Bank Top Blackburn.

Turner died at his home in Mill Hill at the age of 65 and was buried in St. Johns churchyard Blackburn.

References

External links

Category:1777 births
Category:1842 deaths
Category:UK MPs 1832–1835
Category:UK MPs 1835–1837
Category:UK MPs 1837–1841
Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:Politics of Blackburn with Darwen
Category:People from Blackburn
Category:High Sheriffs of Cheshire
Category:Burials in Lancashire


The Missing Miniature

The Missing Miniature () is a 1954 West German comedy crime film directed by Carl-Heinz Schroth and starring Paola Loew, Ralph Lothar and Paul Westermeier. It is based on the 1935 story of the same name by Erich Kästner.

While on holiday in Copenhagen, a butcher meets a young woman in a café and agrees to transport a miniature painting back to Germany for her. This soon leads to complications.

Cast
 Paola LoewIrene Truebner
 Ralph Lothar as Rudolf Struwe
 Paul Westermeier as Fleischermeister Külz
 Paul Bildt as Steinhövel
 Lina Carstens as Frau Külz
 Hubert von Meyerinck as Tänzer
 Liesl Karlstadt
 Wolf Ackva
 Hildegard Busse
 Elisabeth Goebel
 Heini Göbel
 Willem Holsboer
 Bruno Hübner
 Bum Krüger
 Henry Lorenzen
 Karl-Heinz Peters
 Erich Ponto
 Ernst Rotmund
 Arnulf Schröder

References

Bibliography
 Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009.

External links

Category:1954 films
Category:1950s crime comedy films
Category:German comedy films
Category:West German films
Category:German-language films
Category:Films directed by Carl-Heinz Schroth
Category:Films set in Copenhagen
Category:Films based on German novels
Category:Films based on works by Erich Kästner


Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen

Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen (11 December 1812 – 16 July 1887) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen was born in Fredrikstad as the son of Hans Christian Ebbesen (1774–1858) and Abigael Marie Bing (1785–1815). In July 1838 he married Henriette Sophie Frisak (1811–1888). They had several children. The next year he graduated with the cand.med. degree, moving to Sandefjord in 1839 to work as a physician.

Their daughter Margrethe married military officer Sophus Christensen. Their daughter Hanna Magdalene Frisak Ebbesen married Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg and was the mother of Johan Castberg, whereas their son Just Bing Ebbesen became a priest and politician.

Ebbesen was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the term 1877–1879, representing the constituency of Laurvig og Sandefjord. On the local level he was mayor of Sandefjord for eleven years.

He died in 1887 in Sandefjord.

References

Category:1812 births
Category:1887 deaths
Category:People from Fredrikstad
Category:People from Sandefjord

Category:Norwegian physicians
Category:Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Category:Deputy members of the Storting
Category:Mayors of places in Vestfold


Thurgood Marshall

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he successfully argued several cases before the Supreme Court, including Brown v. Board of Education.

Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Marshall graduated from the Howard University School of Law in 1933. He established a private legal practice in Baltimore before founding the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, where he served as executive director. In that position, he argued several cases before the Supreme Court, including  Smith v. Allwright, Shelley v. Kraemer, and Brown v. Board of Education, which held that racial segregation in public education is a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall as the United States Solicitor General. In 1967, Johnson successfully nominated Marshall to succeed retiring Associate Justice Tom C. Clark. Marshall retired during the administration of President George H. W. Bush, and was succeeded by Clarence Thomas.

Early life

Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908. He was descended from enslaved peoples on both sides of his family. His original name was Thoroughgood, but he shortened it to Thurgood. His father, William Canfield Marshall, worked as a railroad porter, and his mother Norma Arica (Williams), as a teacher; they instilled in him an appreciation for the United States Constitution and the rule of law.

Marshall first learned how to debate from his father, who took Marshall and his brother to watch court cases; they would later debate what they had seen. The family also debated current events after dinner. Marshall said that although his father never told him to become a lawyer, he "turned me into one. He did it by teaching me to argue, by challenging my logic on every point, by making me prove every statement I made."

Marshall attended Frederick Douglass High School in Baltimore and was placed in the class with the best students. He graduated a year early in 1925 with a B-grade average, and placed in the top third of the class. He went to Lincoln University, a historically black university in Pennsylvania. It is commonly reported that he intended to study medicine and become a dentist.

But according to his application to Lincoln University, Marshall said his goal was to become a lawyer. Among his classmates were poet Langston Hughes and musician Cab Calloway. Initially he did not take his studies seriously, and was suspended twice for hazing and pranks against fellow students. He was not politically active at first, becoming a "star" of the debating team.

In his first year Marshall opposed the integration of African-American professors at the university. Hughes later described Marshall as "rough and ready, loud and wrong". In his second year Marshall participated in a sit-in protest against segregation at a local movie theater. That year he was initiated as a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first fraternity founded by and for blacks.

In September 1929 he married Vivien Buster Burey and began to take his studies seriously, graduating cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in American literature and philosophy.

Marshall wanted to study in his hometown law school, the University of Maryland School of Law, but did not apply because of the school's segregation policy. Marshall attended Howard University School of Law, where he worked harder than he had at Lincoln. His mother had to pawn her wedding and engagement rings to pay the tuition. His views on discrimination were strongly influenced by the dean, Charles Hamilton Houston. In 1933, Marshall graduated first in his law class at Howard.

Law career
After graduating from law school, Marshall started a private law practice in Baltimore. He began his 25-year affiliation with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1934 by representing the organization in the law school discrimination suit Murray v. Pearson. In 1936, Marshall became part of the national staff of the NAACP.

In Murray v. Pearson, Marshall represented Donald Gaines Murray, a black Amherst College graduate with excellent credentials, who was denied admission to the University of Maryland Law School because of its segregation policy. Black students in Maryland wanting to study law had to attend segregated establishments, Morgan College, the Princess Anne Academy, or out-of-state black institutions. Using the strategy developed by Nathan Margold, Marshall argued that Maryland's segregation policy violated the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson because the state did not provide a comparable educational opportunity at a state-run black institution. The Maryland Court of Appeals ruled against the state of Maryland and its Attorney General, who represented the University of Maryland, stating, "Compliance with the Constitution cannot be deferred at the will of the state. Whatever system is adopted for legal education must furnish equality of treatment now."

Chief Counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
At the age of 32, Marshall won U.S. Supreme Court case Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940). That same year, he founded and became the executive director of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. As the head of the Legal Defense Fund, he argued many other civil rights cases before the Supreme Court, most of them successfully, including Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944); Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948); Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950); and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). His most famous case as a lawyer was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), the case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" public education, as established by Plessy v. Ferguson, was not applicable to public education because it could never be truly equal. In total, Marshall won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court.

During the 1950s, Thurgood Marshall developed a friendly relationship with J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In 1956, for example, he privately praised Hoover's campaign to discredit T. R. M. Howard, a maverick civil rights leader from Mississippi. During a national speaking tour, Howard criticized the FBI's failure to seriously investigate cases such as the 1955 killers of George W. Lee and Emmett Till. In a private letter to Hoover, Marshall "attacked Howard as a 'rugged individualist' who did not speak for the NAACP." Two years earlier Howard had arranged for Marshall to deliver a well-received speech at a rally of his Regional Council of Negro Leadership in Mound Bayou, Mississippi only days before the Brown decision. According to historians David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, "Marshall's disdain for Howard was almost visceral. [He] 'disliked Howard's militant tone and maverick stance' and 'was well aware that Hoover's attack served to take the heat off the NAACP and provided opportunities for closer collaboration [between the NAACP and the FBI] in civil rights.

Court of Appeals and Solicitor General
President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1961 to a new seat created on May 19, 1961, by 75 Stat. 80. A group of Senators from the South, led by Mississippi's James Eastland, held up his confirmation, so he served for the first several months under a recess appointment. Marshall remained on that court until 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to be the United States Solicitor General, the first African American to hold the office. At the time, this made him the highest-ranking black government official in American history, surpassing Robert C. Weaver, Johnson's first secretary of housing and urban development. As Solicitor General, he won 14 out of the 19 cases that he argued for the government.

U.S. Supreme Court

On June 13, 1967, President Johnson nominated Marshall to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice Tom C. Clark, saying that this was "the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place." Marshall was confirmed as an Associate Justice by a Senate vote of 69–11 on August 30, 1967. He was the 96th person to hold the position, and the first African American.

Marshall once bluntly described his legal philosophy as this: "You do what you think is right and let the law catch up", a statement which his conservative detractors argued was a sign of his embracement of judicial activism.

Marshall served on the Court for the next 24 years, compiling a liberal record that included strong support for Constitutional protection of individual rights, especially the rights of criminal suspects. His most frequent ally on the Court (the pair rarely voted at odds) was Justice William Brennan, who consistently joined him in supporting abortion rights and opposing the death penalty. Brennan and Marshall concluded in Furman v. Georgia that the death penalty was, in all circumstances, unconstitutional, and never accepted the legitimacy of Gregg v. Georgia, which ruled four years later that the death penalty was constitutional in some circumstances. Thereafter, Brennan or Marshall dissented from every denial of certiorari in a capital case and from every decision upholding a sentence of death.

In 1987, Marshall gave a controversial speech on the occasion of the bicentennial celebrations of the Constitution of the United States. Marshall stated:

... the government they devised was defective from the start, requiring several amendments, a civil war and major social transformation to attain the system of constitutional government, and its respect for the individual freedoms and human rights, we hold as fundamental today.

In conclusion, Marshall stated:

Although best remembered for jurisprudence in the fields of civil rights and criminal procedure, Marshall made significant contributions to other areas of the law as well. In Teamsters v. Terry, he held that the Seventh Amendment entitled the plaintiff to a jury trial in a suit against a labor union for breach of duty of fair representation. In TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc., he articulated a formulation for the standard of materiality in United States securities law that is still applied and used today. In Cottage Savings Association v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, he weighed in on the income tax consequences of the savings and loan crisis, permitting a savings and loan association to deduct a loss from an exchange of mortgage participation interests. In Personnel Administrator MA v. Feeney, Marshall wrote a dissent saying that a law that gave hiring preference to veterans over non-veterans was unconstitutional because of its inequitable impact on women.

Among his many law clerks were attorneys who went on to become judges themselves, such as Judge Douglas Ginsburg of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals; Judge Ralph Winter of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan; as well as notable law professors Susan Low Bloch, Elizabeth Garrett (former President of Cornell University), Paul Gewirtz, Dan Kahan, Randall L. Kennedy, Eben Moglen, Rick Pildes, Louis Michael Seidman, Cass Sunstein, and Mark Tushnet (editor of Thurgood Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions and Reminiscences); and law school deans Paul Mahoney of University of Virginia School of Law, Martha Minow of Harvard Law School, and Richard Revesz of New York University School of Law.

Marshall retired from the Supreme Court in 1991 due to declining health. In his retirement press conference on June 28, 1991, he expressed his view that race should not be a factor in choosing his successor, and he denied circulating claims that he was retiring because of frustration or anger over the conservative direction in which the Court was heading. He was reportedly unhappy that it would fall to President George H. W. Bush to name his replacement. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas to replace Marshall.

Death and legacy

Marshall died of heart failure at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, at 2:58 pm on January 24, 1993, at the age of 84. After he lay in repose in the Great Hall of the United States Supreme Court Building, he was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His second wife and their two sons survived him.

Marshall left all his personal papers and notes to the Library of Congress. The Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, opened Marshall's papers for immediate use by scholars, journalists and the public, insisting that this was Marshall's intent. The Marshall family and several of his close associates disputed this claim. The decision to make the documents public was supported by the American Library Association. A list of the archived manuscripts is available.

Memorials
There are numerous memorials to Marshall. One, an eight-foot statue, stands in Lawyers Mall adjacent to the Maryland State House. The statue, dedicated on October 22, 1996, depicts Marshall as a young lawyer and is placed just a few feet away from where the Old Maryland Supreme Court Building stood; the court where Marshall argued discrimination cases leading up to the Brown decision. The primary office building for the federal court system, located on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., is named in honor of Marshall and contains a statue of him in the atrium. In 1976, Texas Southern University renamed its law school after the sitting justice. In 1980, the University of Maryland School of Law opened a new library which it named the Thurgood Marshall Law Library. In 2000, the historic Twelfth Street YMCA Building located in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C., was renamed the Thurgood Marshall Center. The major airport serving Baltimore and the Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C., was renamed the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport on October 1, 2005. The 2009 General Convention of the Episcopal Church added Marshall to the church's liturgical calendar of "Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints," designating May 17 as his feast day. His membership of the Lincoln University fraternity Alpha Phi Alpha was to be memorialized by a sculpture by artist Alvin Pettit in 2013.

The University of California, San Diego renamed its Third College after Marshall in 1993. Marshall Middle School in Olympia, Washington, is also named after Marshall, as is Thurgood Marshall Academy in Washington, D.C.

In popular culture
In 2006, Thurgood, a one-man play written by George Stevens, Jr., premiered at the Westport Country Playhouse, starring James Earl Jones and directed by Leonard Foglia. Later it opened Broadway at the Booth Theatre on April 30, 2008, starring Laurence Fishburne. On February 24, 2011, HBO screened a filmed version of the play which Fishburne performed at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. The production was described by the Baltimore Sun as "one of the most frank, informed and searing discussions of race you will ever see on TV." On February 16, 2011, a screening of the film was hosted by the White House as part of its celebrations of Black History Month. A painting of Marshall by Chaz Guest has hung at the White House. Marshall is portrayed by Chadwick Boseman in the 2017 film Marshall, which revolves around the 1941 case of the State of Connecticut v. Joseph Spell.

Marriage and family
Marshall was married twice. He married Vivian "Buster" Burey in 1929. After her death in February 1955, Marshall married Cecilia Suyat in December of that year. They were married until he died in 1993, having two sons together: Thurgood Marshall, Jr., a former top aide to President Bill Clinton; and John W. Marshall, a former United States Marshals Service Director and Virginia Secretary of Public Safety.

Thurgood Marshall Award
In 1993, The Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico instituted the annual Thurgood Marshall Award, given to the top student in civil rights at each of Puerto Rico's four law schools. It includes a $500 monetary award. The awardees are selected by the Commonwealth's Attorney General.

Bibliography

See also

 List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
 List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
 List of U.S. Supreme Court Justices by time in office
 United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court
 United States Supreme Court cases during the Burger Court
 United States Supreme Court cases during the Rehnquist Court

Notes

Further reading

 Bland, Randall W. (1993). Private Pressure on Public Law: The Legal Career of Justice Thurgood Marshall 1934–1991. New York: University Press of America.

 Hodges, Ruth A., Reference Librarian. Justice Thurgood Marshall: A Selected Bibliography, (Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Washington, DC, February 1993).

 Mack, Kenneth W., (2012). Representing the Race: The Creation of the Civil Rights Lawyer. Harvard University Press. .
 Marshall, Thurgood (1950). "Mr. Justice Murphy and Civil Rights." 48 Michigan Law Review 745.

 Tushnet, Mark V. (1994). Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936–1961. London:  Oxford University Press. ;
 Tushnet, Mark V. (1997). Making Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1961–1991.  New York: Oxford University Press.  pp., 256.

 .

 White, G. Edward (2007), The American Judicial Tradition: Profiles of Leading American Judges (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, .
 Williams, Juan, Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary (New York: New York Times, 1998). Promotional site for book ; .

External links

 :
 Interview with Hunter Clark and Michael Davis on Thurgood Marshall: Warrior at the Bar, Rebel on the Bench Booknotes, January 3, 1993.
 Interview with Juan Williams on Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary, Booknotes, October 11, 1998.
 Fox, John, "Biographies of the Robes: Thurgood Marshall", Expanding Civil Rights, Public Broadcasting Service.
 Oyez, "Thurgood Marshall", official Supreme Court media.
 Oral History Interview with Thurgood Marshall, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
 FBI file on Thurgood Marshall
 Long, Michael G., "The Vetting of Thurgood Marshall — and a Lesson for Today", Chicago Tribune, July 15, 2018, via Portside.

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Paul Wilson (pole vaulter)

Paul Wilson (born July 30, 1947) is an American athlete specializing in the pole vault.  He was the world record holder in the event.  The first vaulter to clear his age in feet.  In 1967 he was the number-one ranked pole vaulter in the world, but his career was cut short by injury.

Athletic career

High school
Wilson was an outstanding high-school pole vaulter. As a student of Warren High School (Downey, California), he was coached by John Mitchell.

In 1964 as a junior, Wilson came to the attention of Sports Illustrated magazine. SI published his "whizzer of 15 feet" in their March 16 edition and awarded him an "Award of Merit" for setting the interscholastic age record. He broke the age record by becoming the first 16-year-old to clear 16 feet.

A year later, in 1965, as a senior, he won CIF Southern Section and CIF California State Meet titles and had achieved an age best in the pole vault of . On 20 March 1965, he vaulted 16-6 3/4 at the Southern Counties meet as a Senior. At the CIF Southern Section Track Championships, held on 28 May 1965 at Cerritos College, Wilson won with a height of 16-0. He set records with his performances at the CIF Southern Section Championships (16-1 1/2) and California State Championships (15-6 1/2). His personal best height of 16-6 3/4 was the best mark on record for a California high school athlete (more than 5 inches higher than the next highest mark, at 16-1 by fellow Warren High School athlete Bob Steinhoff), set a national interscholastic track & field record, and stood as the best in the world.

Wilson was twice named as Athlete of the Year in the CIF Southern Section by the Helms Athletic Foundation.  In 1964 he was awarded for his pole vault of 16-0 1/8, in conjunction with hurdler Earl McCullough. In 1965 he was named again, this time for vaulting 16-6 3/4, with the co-award going to runner Richard Joyce; the two athletes were named together because both had won CIF and State meets and both had set new National Interscholastic records (Joyce's record in the 880 yard run still stands today because high schools metrified in 1980).

He was selected to the 1965 Honor Track & Field Team in the All-Southern Section of CIF by a panel of area sports writers.

College
After graduating high school, Wilson attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he competed for the USC Trojans athletics team. In his first year there, Wilson "hoisted the collegiate vault standard to 17-1."

1967 was Wilson's best year, as a 19-year-old college sophomore. He was United States champion and that winning vault broke the world record. He achieved this feat on 23 June 1967 in Bakersfield, California, with a height of .  It was the same day Jim Ryun set his long lasting world record in the mile. His record of 17-7 3/4 continues to be the sixth best height ever achieved by a USC Trojan.

Although he was the world record holder, injury prevented Wilson from competing at the United States trials for the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.

The injury prematurely ended his career.

Records and rankings
During his curtailed career, Wilson was a formidable performer at USA national championships, held by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). Wilson was also voted by the experts at Track and Field News to be ranked among the best in the USA and the world at the pole vault during his career.

MR = Meet record, CR = Collegiate record, AR = American record, WR = World record, NA = not applicable

References

Category:American male pole vaulters
Category:Living people
Category:1947 births
Category:Track and field athletes from California
Category:World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Category:USC Trojans men's track and field athletes


John James (Australian architect)

John Roger Haughton James  (born 1931) is a British-born Australian architect and historian.

Early life
James was born in London, and landed in Australia on his eighth birthday. His parents was Richard (Jimmy) Haughton James (designer and painter) and Charlotte (Terry) Stevens. He is an Australian architect who turned to the study of Early Gothic architecture and sculpture, and in particular the cathedral of Chartres. At the same time James studied psychotherapy and practiced for 30 years while writing and publishing on medieval architecture.
James entered the University of Melbourne in 1949 to study Architecture under Prof Brian Lewis, and was accorded a degree with honors in 1953. His instructors included leading Modernist Roy Grounds, Robin Boyd, Frederick Romberg and Fritz Janeba. He also completed a three-year sub-major in Art History under Prof. Joseph Burke, under whom he surveyed the Melbourne terrace house and its cast-iron tracery, now held in the Dixon Library, Sydney. He was inspired by Geoffrey Serle to investigate the New Guard, the Sydney fascist movement set up to remove the Lang Labor government in the 1930s.
James married Hilary Kelly and they have three children. After working in England, Sweden, Italy and British West Africa, the couple returned to Australia. James received a Master of Building Science under Prof Cowan at Sydney University in 1966, with a thesis on site control on large buildings, and in 1988 he gained a PhD in medieval architecture from the University of NSW, which was published as The Template-makers of the Paris Basin.

Architectural practice
James founded his architectural practice in Sydney (1957-1971) where he was part of the Sydney School in domestic architecture, akin to the California redwood houses early last century. He became the first  builder-architect to be certified by the Australian Institute of Architects in 1958. He designed over 200 houses and is best known for the Readers Digest head office (1962–67) in Sydney with a significant roof garden that won many awards. The building is now a protected National Heritage Monument, and considered part of the Brutalist movement in Australia. James was in partnership with Ross Yuncken from 1959 and as well with Peru Perumal from 1968.
James' experience in both construction and design spurred his interest in the role of the master mason in medieval European building. While running his architectural practice he taught the history of medieval architecture and studio design at Sydney Technical College and at the Universities of Sydney and New South Wales (1966-2007).
In 2008 James was recipient of the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for “Service to architecture as a practitioner, educator and historian, particularly as a leading scholar on French Gothic architectural history”. A little earlier he had received the American Institute of Architects Honour for Collaborative Achievement, for his work on French Gothic architecture (2005), and in 2018 the Australian Institute of Architects Enduring Architecture award for the Readers Digest building.

The Contractors of Chartres Controversy
In 1969 he traveled to France to examine the construction history of Chartres cathedral, to see if the art-historical theories could be reconciled with the evidence in the masonry, and quickly found that the theories current at that time were incorrect. He continued this investigation at Chartres for five years, and developed the investigative technique he termed “Toichology”.
His first article on this research was published by Dennis Sharp in the Architecture Association Quarterly in 1972, which led to Robert Branner's assessment on what this approach could offer to scholarship. James showed how the cathedral had been built from the evidence in the masonry, and in the process redefined the constructional history of the building and presented a new view of early medieval building practice. He identified the nine master masons and analyzed their geometric methods. The monograph was published in two volumes in English, and three in French translated by local architect Dominique Maunoury.
The major discoveries that caused  controversy were:-
 The cathedral was built in tilted, almost annual, layers, each layer being the work of a different master mason, some of whom returned from time to time.
 The nave and the choir were built at the same time, not one after the other, and with the transepts and their porches, which were not added later.
 That geometry ruled every design decision, including the initial geometry in setting out, and  the bent axis was deliberate from the beginning.
 The Royal Portal was not moved, but was erected where it is today with the western towers.
 The apogee of Gothic sculpture should therefore be dated to the reign of Phillipe Auguste, and not Saint Louis, that is, some two decades earlier.
In his study of Chartres he used his building experience and drafting ability to produce over 300  measured drawings to demonstrate not only the history of the cathedral, but to construct an investigative technique for medieval architecture. His work is akin to that of the French archéologues who focus on archaeological analysis, a group including Arnold Wolff, Richard Hamman-MacLean and Jan van der Meulen. Their work commonly appeared in the monograph form, a "congenial vehicle for exercising the most precise and detailed examination of a great church's fabric".
James determined that permanent architects did not exist for most Gothic churches before 1240, but  that nearly all ecclesiastical buildings were constructed by bands of contractors who moved from site to site with their workforce. It was a major revision to the accepted opinion that discontinuous contracting was the norm. Though James had received a three-year training in Art History and was a skilled architect/builder for thirteen years, his views came up against the established canons of the profession. Some historians have still not accepted the thesis, though it has been obvious to professional architects. Some termed his views "eccentric", or "unusual",  principally Steven Murray and Lon Shelby, was mainly based on theoretical grounds, without any re-examination of the evidence in the structure itself.
Through the discussions that followed, James recognized the greater complexity of the medieval building scene. Yet, as all his later work shows, he remains firmly convinced that builders, like carvers, were peripatetic, and that at least before the mid-thirteenth century design control was not held by a single permanent master. James' demotion of the architect as prime designer may have inadvertently been driven by the popular "death of the artist" notion among art historians of the 1970's and 1980's. To gain a deeper appreciation of the medieval experience, he took his family on the pilgrimage route from Chartres to Compostella (walking over 400 kilometers) in 1973.
From 1977 James presented his findings at lectures at over 70 universities and colleges in the US, France, England and Australia, including Oxford, Harvard, Princeton and Berkeley. From these lectures he wrote a more popular history of Chartres. He hoped to repeat this approach on the cathedral of Durham, Southwell Minster, and a group of key buildings in France associated with Chartres, in particular Saint-Denis-en-France and Notre-Dame-du-Fort in Etampes. Appointed to various teaching and research posts at a dozen universities.

Creation of Gothic Architecture Project
In the 1980s James sought out other work by the masons he identified at Chartres. This led him to undertake a three-year Survey of Early Gothic churches in  northern France, and discovered that before the 1220s they were restricted to the Lutetian limestone region around Paris. At the time, less than one quarter of the churches with Early Gothic work had been studied, or even listed. After visiting more than 3,500 churches he inventoried over 1500 in the Paris area from the 1050-1250 period. The Survey was published in 1984.
The fundamental difficulty in medieval studies is imprecise chronology. With only a few buildings having firmly documented dates, and then for only parts, medieval studies have lacked the basis for detailed historic analysis, unlike the contemporary Italian Renaissance. James' first approach was to use the profiles and design of elements, and construction strategies to identify the master masons, and to use that as a basis for a chronology, but he finally realized this approach would not be effective. The analysis of building methods and strategies was published as The Template-makers of the Paris Basin in 1989. It explains the investigative possibilities of Toichology and affirmed his conclusion from the Chartres study that churches, even the major ones, were built in many small campaigns, each directed by different masters.
James has photographed and catalogued over 40,000 of the carved capitals from this period. James realized that changing style, or fashion, in carving could be the key to dating, and hence to the possibility of a more detailed history of early Gothic architecture and sculpture. This showed there were specific moments of stylistic change brought about by the Crusades and in the 1170s a dramatic redefinition of the carved capitals. These formed distinct boundaries in medieval culture that may be used to frame a chronology. The first flying buttresses were thought to date from the 1180s, but using these techniques James argued that this invention should be moved back thirty years.and similarly with the pointed arch and the earliest rib vaults.
James has avoided permanent academic appointments to concentrate on this research as an independent scholar, enabled by various grants that have come mainly from the Australian Research Council. in spite of papers offered at conferences in the US, UK and France, the lack of students has tended to isolate his work from the mainstream trends of Art History.
The most recent is the first five volumes of an intended nine-volume Thesaurus of French Early Gothic architecture. These five, containing photographs of nearly all the carved capitals in the region before 1250, were published between 2002 and 2008, with the shortened title of The Ark of God. The other four volumes were intended to focus on chronology, inventions, rib vaults, the  portals and a reconsideration of the history of the Gothic style, but were abandoned due to the dramatic decline in academic library acquisitions. The construction analysis and the indexed capitals have been placed online, with over 30,000 images. The books themselves were self-published by West Grinstead Pty Ltd, a company he setup to print and distribute academic books.
James used a connoisseurship approach akin to [Giovanni Morelli]'s to identify over 200 of the individual carvers before 1180, and 20 draft papers were made available online as the Master Carvers Series (2010-2014). Forty of his essays have been collected into one volume In Search of the Unknown in Medieval Architecture.
From the capitals study, and especially that on the 263 carvings in the Laon cathedral gallery (ca.1163) James' analysis has redefined the carvers roles and professional relationships, some travel patterns and what appears to be Rites of Passage from Journeyman to Master.

Therapist, as teacher and practitioner
From 1983 James and his wife Hilary studied psychology, both professionally and personally, under a number of teachers, in particular Bhakti Carrisbrooke and [Hal Stone]. They concentrated on Sandplay and created new dynamic techniques that are more Jungian than Freudian. James condensed this into a short book, Notes to Transformation. In 1996 the James's founded The Crucible Centre on a 260 acre property in the Blue Mountains for teaching therapy techniques to students. Three years later James created the first tertiary-accredited Post-Graduate Diploma course in Transpersonal Psychotherapy, from which he wrote The Great Field. After two bushfires the Centre was closed in 2016 and, with Hilary, James moved to Brogo on the Australian South Coast.

Environmental activism
Starting with a talk he gave on environmental pollution in Seattle in 1980, James has tried to help people understand the science of Global Warming. Besides many lectures, he formed the Crisis Coalition in 2006, and the Eco Platform in 2015, each with their own websites. He edits a weekly email Newsletter and has often been called to talk on public radio in Australia, the UK and the US. James recognized the impact that climatic change had on the architecture of the twelfth century.
His philosophy on life is to "Live life to the fullest, yet remain unattached to the outcome."

Bibliography
Books and selected articles by John James:
James, John (1979–81), The contractors of Chartres, 2 vols., West Grinstead: Wyong.
James, John (1984), "An investigation into the uneven distribution of churches in the Paris Basin, 1140-1240", Art Bulletin, lxvi, 13-46.
James, John (1989), The Template-makers of the Paris Basin, West Grinstead: Leura.
James, John (1990) The master masons of Chartres, Routledge: London, NY, Chartres and Sydney.
James, John (1992), "Evidence for flying buttresses before 1180", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, li, 261-287.
James, John (1994), Notes to Transformation, West Grinstead: Leura.
James, John (2002), The Creation of Gothic Architecture - an Illustrated Thesaurus: The Ark of God, vols 1-2, Part A: "The Evolution of Foliate Capitals in the Paris Basin 1170 to 1250", West Grinstead: London and Hartley Vale.
James, John (2005), "The peaked arch, and the earliest domical rib vaults in the Paris Basin", Avista Forum Journal, xv, 3-7
James, John (2006) The Creation of Gothic Architecture - an Illustrated Thesaurus: The Ark of God, vol 3: "The Evolution of Foliate Capitals in the Paris Basin: the archaic capitals prior to 1130", West Grinstead: London and Hartley Vale.
James, John (2007), The Great Field, Soul at play in a conscious universe, Energy Press,
James, John (2007), In Search of the unknown in medieval architecture, London: Pindar Press.
James, John (2008), The Creation of Gothic Architecture - an Illustrated Thesaurus: The Ark of God, vols. 4 and 5: "The Evolution of Foliate Capitals in the Paris Basin: the formal capitals 1130 to 1170", West Grinstead: London and Hartley Vale.
James, John (2014), “Boundaries that delineate periods in art-history between 1090 and 1180” Avista Forum Journal,  XXII  23-46.

References

Category:1931 births
Category:Australian architects
Category:Australian activists
Category:University of Melbourne alumni
Category:Living people


Where Eagles Dare

Where Eagles Dare is a 1968 British Metrocolor World War II action film directed by Brian G. Hutton and starring Richard Burton, Clint Eastwood, and Mary Ure. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, filmed in Panavision, and shot on location in Austria and Bavaria. Alistair MacLean wrote the screenplay, his first, at the same time that he wrote the novel of the same name. Both became commercial successes.

The film involved some of the top filmmakers of the day and is now considered a classic. Major contributors included Hollywood stuntman Yakima Canutt, who as second-unit director shot most of the action scenes; British stuntman Alf Joint who doubled for Burton in such sequences as the fight on top of the cable car; award-winning conductor and composer Ron Goodwin, who wrote the film score; and future Oscar-nominee Arthur Ibbetson, who worked on its cinematography. The film is noted for the phrase "Broadsword calling Danny Boy", spoken  by Richard Burton several times throughout. The phrase is frequently used by Richard Burton impressionists.

Plot

In the winter of 1943–44, U.S. Army Brigadier General George Carnaby (Robert Beatty), a chief planner for the Western Front, is captured by the Germans. He is taken for interrogation to the Schloß Adler, a mountaintop fortress accessible only by cable car or helicopter. A team of seven Allied commandos, led by British Major John Smith of the Grenadier Guards (Richard Burton) and U.S. Army Ranger Lieutenant Morris Schaffer (Clint Eastwood), is briefed by Colonel Turner (Patrick Wymark) and Vice Admiral Rolland (Michael Hordern) of MI6. Disguised as German troops, they are to parachute in, enter the castle, and rescue General Carnaby before the Germans can interrogate him. After their Ju 52 transport plane drops them into Germany, Smith secretly meets Mary Ellison (Mary Ure) and Heidi Schmidt (Ingrid Pitt), their presence known only to him; Heidi arranges for Mary to be a secretary at the castle.

Although two of the team are mysteriously killed, Smith continues the operation, keeping Schaffer as a close ally and secretly updating Rolland and Turner by radio. The Germans eventually surround the commandos in a tavern, and they are forced to surrender; Smith and Schaffer (being officers) are separated from the other three operatives, Thomas (William Squire), Berkeley (Peter Barkworth), and Christiansen (Donald Houston). Smith and Schaffer kill their captors, blow up a supply depot, and prepare an escape route for later use. They reach the castle by riding on the roof of a cable car, and climb inside when Mary lowers a rope.

German Generalmajor Rosemeyer (Ferdy Mayne) and Standartenführer Kramer (Anton Diffring) are interrogating Carnaby when the four new prisoners arrive. Smith and Schaffer intrude, weapons drawn, but Smith forces Schaffer to disarm. He identifies himself as Sturmbannführer Johann Schmidt of the SD of the SS intelligence branch, and a spy too. As proof, he discreetly shows the name of Germany's top agent in Britain to Kramer, who silently affirms it. To test them, Schmidt proposes that they write down the names of their fellow agents in Britain, to be compared to his own list in his pocket. After the three finish their lists, Smith reveals that he was bluffing and that the lists were the mission's true objective.

Meanwhile, Mary is visited by Sturmbannführer (Major) von Hapen (Derren Nesbitt), a Gestapo officer attracted to her, but he becomes suspicious of flaws in her cover story. Leaving her, he happens upon the scene of Carnaby's interrogation just as Smith finishes his explanation. Von Hapen puts everyone under arrest but is distracted when Mary arrives. Schaffer seizes the opportunity to kill von Hapen and the other German officers with his silenced pistol. The group then makes its escape, taking the American General (who is actually a corporal named Jones, a trained actor) and three British Captains to the escape route. Schaffer sets explosives to create diversions around the castle, while Smith leads the group to the radio room where he informs Rolland of their success. The group reunites with Heidi on the ground, boarding a bus they had prepared earlier as an escape vehicle. They battle their way on to an airfield and escape via their Ju 52 transport, where Turner has been waiting.

As Turner debriefs Smith about the mission, Smith reveals that the name Kramer confirmed as Germany's top agent in Britain was Turner's own. Rolland had lured Turner and the others into participating so MI6 could expose them; Smith's trusted partner Mary and the American Schaffer (who had no connection to MI6) had been assigned to the mission to ensure its success. Turner aims a gun at Smith, who reveals that Rolland had the gun's firing pin removed. Smith permits Turner to jump out of the airplane to his death rather than face trial for treason, and subsequent hanging.

Cast

 Richard Burton as Maj. John Smith / Maj. Johann Schmidt
 Clint Eastwood as Lt. Morris Schaffer
 Mary Ure as Mary Ellison
 Patrick Wymark as Col. Wyatt Turner
 Michael Hordern as Vice Admiral Rolland
 Donald Houston as Capt. Olaf Christiansen
 Peter Barkworth as Capt. Ted Berkeley
 William Squire as Capt. Lee Thomas
 Robert Beatty as Brig. Gen. George Carnaby / Cpl. Cartwright Jones
 Ingrid Pitt as Heidi Schmidt
 Brook Williams as Sgt. Harrod
 Neil McCarthy as Sgt. Jock MacPherson
 Vincent Ball as Wg Cdr. Cecil Carpenter
 Anton Diffring as Col. Paul Kramer
 Ferdy Mayne as Maj. Gen. Julius Rosemeyer
 Derren Nesbitt as Maj. von Hapen
 Victor Beaumont as Lt. Col. Weissner
 Guy Deghy as Maj. Wilhelm Wilner (uncredited)
 Derek Newark as SS Officer (uncredited)

Production

Development
Burton later said, "I decided to do the picture because Elizabeth's two sons said they were fed up with me making films they weren't allowed to see, or in which I get killed. They wanted me to kill a few people instead."

Burton approached producer Elliott Kastner "and asked him if he had some super-hero stuff for me where I don't get killed in the end."

The producer consulted MacLean and requested an adventure film filled with mystery, suspense, and action. Most of MacLean's novels had been made into films or were being filmed. Kastner persuaded MacLean to write a new story; six weeks later, he delivered the script, at that time entitled Castle of Eagles. Kastner hated the title, and chose Where Eagles Dare instead. The title is from Act I, Scene III in William Shakespeare's Richard III: "The world is grown so bad, that wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch". Like virtually all of MacLean's works, Where Eagles Dare features his trademark "secret traitor", who must be unmasked by the end.

Kastner and co-producer Jerry Gershwin announced in July 1966 that they had purchased five MacLean scripts, starting with Where Eagles Dare and When Eight Bells Toll.

Brian Hutton had just made Sol Madrid for the producers and was signed to direct.

Filming
Eastwood and Burton reportedly dubbed the film 'Where Doubles Dare' due to the amount of screen time in which stand-ins doubled for the cast during action sequences. Filming began on 2 January 1968 in Austria and concluded in July 1968. Eastwood received a salary of $800,000 while Burton received $1,200,000. This is one of the first films to have used front projection effect. This technology enabled filming of the scenes where the actors are on top of the cable car.

Eastwood initially thought the script written by MacLean was "terrible" and was "all exposition and complications." According to Derren Nesbitt, Eastwood requested that he be given less dialogue. Most of Schaffer's lines were given to Burton, whilst Eastwood handled most of the action scenes. Director Hutton played to his actors' strengths, allowing for Burton's theatrical background to help the character of Smith and Eastwood's quiet demeanour to establish Schaffer. Eastwood took the part on the advice of his agent, who felt it would be interesting to see his client appear with someone with seniority. Eastwood and Burton got on well on set.

Derren Nesbitt was keen to be as authentic as possible with his character Von Hapen. Whilst on location, he requested to meet a former member of the Gestapo to better understand how to play the character and to get the military regalia correct. He was injured on set whilst filming the scene in which Schaffer kills Von Hapen. The blood squib attached to Nesbitt exploded with such force that he was temporarily blinded, though he made a quick recovery.

The production was delayed while filming due to the weather in Austria. Shooting took place in winter and early spring of 1968 and the crew had to contend with blizzards, sub-zero temperatures and potential avalanches. Further delays were incurred when Richard Burton, well known for his drinking habits, disappeared for several days, with his friends Peter O'Toole, Trevor Howard and Richard Harris. As part of his deal with MGM, Clint Eastwood took delivery of a Norton P11 motorcycle, which he 'tested' at Brands Hatch racetrack, accompanied by Ingrid Pitt, something that he had been forbidden from doing by Kastner for insurance purposes in case of injury or worse.

Famed stuntman Alf Joint, who had played Capungo–the man who 007 electrocuted in the bathtub in Goldfinger–doubled and was stand-in for Richard Burton, and performed the famous cable car jump sequence, during which he lost three teeth. Joint stated that at one point during production, Burton was so under the influence that he knocked himself out while filming and Joint had to quickly fill in for him. Derren Nesbitt observed that Burton was drinking up to four bottles of vodka per day.

Visitors to the set included Elizabeth Taylor, who was married to Burton, at the time, and Robert Shaw, who was then the husband of Mary Ure.

At one point during filming, Burton was threatened at gunpoint by an overzealous fan, but fortunately danger was averted.

The Junkers Ju 52 used to fly Smith and Schaffer's team into Austria and then make their escape at the end of the film was a Swiss Air Force Ju 52/3m, registration A-702. It was destroyed in an accident on 4 August 2018, killing all 20 people on board.

 The castle – Hohenwerfen Castle, Werfen, Austria; filmed in January 1968.
 Cable car – Feuerkogel Seilbahn at Ebensee, Austria; filmed in January 1968.
 Airport scenes – Flugplatz at Aigen im Ennstal, Austria; filmed in early 1968. The exact place of filming is the "Fiala-Fernbrugg" garrison, still used by HS Geschwader 2 and FlAR2/3rd Bat. of the Austrian Army. The big rocky mountain in the background of the airfield is the Grimming mountains, about 40 km east of the "Hoher Dachstein", or about 80 km east and 10 km south from Werfen.
 The village – Lofer, Austria; filmed in January 1968.
 Other scenes – MGM-British Studios, Borehamwood, England; filmed in spring 1968.

Reception
Where Eagles Dare received a Royal premiere at the Empire, Leicester Square cinema on 22 January 1969 with Princess Alexandra in attendance. Of the stars of the film, only Clint Eastwood was not present as he was filming Two Mules for Sister Sara in Mexico.

The film earned $6,560,000 at the North American box office during its first year of release. It was the 7th-most popular film at the UK box office in 1969, and 13th in the US. The film became a commercial success.

Though many critics found the plot somewhat confusing, reviews of the film were generally positive.
Vincent Canby of the New York Times gave a positive review, praising the action scenes and cinematography. Likewise, Variety praised the film, describing it as 'thrilling.' The film was particularly lucrative for Richard Burton, who earned a considerable sum in royalties through television repeats and video sales. Where Eagles Dare had its first showing on British television on 26 December 1979 on BBC1.

Mad Magazine published a satire of the film in its October 1969 issue under the title "Where Vultures Fare." In 2009 Cinema Retro released a special issue dedicated to Where Eagles Dare which detailed the production and filming of the film.

Years after its debut, Where Eagles Dare enjoys a reputation as a classic and is considered by many as one of the best war films of all time.

Soundtrack

The score was composed by Ron Goodwin. A soundtrack was released on Compact Disc in 2005 by Film Score Monthly, of the Silver Age Classics series, in association with Turner Entertainment. It was a two-disc release, the first CD being the film music, the second the film music for Operation Crossbow and source music for Where Eagles Dare. The release has been limited to 3,000 pressings.

Novel

The principal difference is that the novel by Alistair MacLean is less violent. One scene during the escape from the castle where Smith saves a German guard from burning to death presaged the non-lethal thriller vein that MacLean would explore in his later career. In the novel the characters are more clearly defined and slightly more humorous than their depictions in the film, which is fast-paced and has sombre performances from Burton and Eastwood at its centre. Three characters are differently named in the novel: Ted Berkeley is called Edward Carraciola, Jock MacPherson is called Torrance-Smythe, and Major von Hapen is instead Captain von Brauchitsch. A budding love story between Schaffer and Heidi was also cut.

In the book the group are flown into Germany on board an RAF Avro Lancaster, whereas in the film they are transported in a Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 52. While in the film Kramer, Rosemeyer, and Von Hapen are shot dead by Schaffer and Smith, in the novel they are just given high doses of nembutal. In the book Thomas, Carraciola, and Christiansen attempt to escape in the cable car with Smith on the roof. Carraciola is crushed by the steel suspension arm of the cable car while struggling with Smith on the roof; Thomas and Christiansen fall to their deaths after Smith blows the cable car up with plastic explosive. In the film Christiansen and Berkeley (Carraciola in the novel) are killed by Smith on the cablecar, and Thomas is shot and killed by a German soldier while climbing down a rope.

In popular culture
The British heavy metal band Iron Maiden recorded a song called "Where Eagles Dare" on their 1983 album Piece of Mind. The live performance features the singer in snow camouflage and Richard Burton's "Broadsword calling Danny Boy" message as an intro.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Dyer, Geoff (2018). Broadsword Calling Danny Boy. London: Penguin Books. .

External links

 Film review at AlistairMacLean.com
 Where Eagles Dare Website
 Film Locations used in Where Eagles Dare
 Film Production for Where Eagles Dare

Category:1968 films
Category:English-language films
Category:1960s war films
Category:Action war films
Category:British films
Category:British war films
Category:British adventure films
Category:Films based on British novels
Category:Films based on military novels
Category:Films based on works by Alistair MacLean
Category:War adventure films
Category:World War II novels
Category:World War II spy films
Category:Films directed by Brian G. Hutton
Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Category:Films set in 1943
Category:Films set in 1944
Category:Films set in Austria
Category:Films set in Germany
Category:Films set in the Alps
Category:Films shot in Austria
Category:1967 British novels
Category:Novels by Alistair MacLean
Category:William Collins, Sons books
Category:Films scored by Ron Goodwin


Blink of an Eye (Enchant album)

Blink of an Eye is the sixth studio album by the American progressive rock band Enchant. It was released in July 2002.

Track listing
 "Under Fire" (Leonard, Ott) – 5:58
 "Monday" (Leonard, Ott) – 7:10
 "Seeds Of Hate" (Leonard, Ott) – 6:17
 "Flat Line" (Ott) – 5:23
 "Follow The Sun" (Ott) – 6:08
 "Ultimate Gift" (Ott) – 7:58
 "My Everafter" (Leonard, Ott) – 5:39
 "Invisible" (Leonard, Ott) – 5:41
 "Despicable" (Leonard, Ott) – 4:13
 "Prognosis" (Bonus Track) (Ott) – 7:29

Personnel
 Phil Bennett – Keyboard solos and additional keyboards on 'Seeds Of Hate', 'My Everafter' and 'Prognosis'
 Ted Leonard – vocals and additional guitar on 'Despicable'
 Douglas A. Ott – guitar, keyboards and bass on 'Follow The Sun'
 Ed Platt – bass guitar
 Sean Flanegan – drums

References

Category:Enchant (band) albums
Category:2002 albums
Category:Inside Out Music albums


1947–48 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season

The 1947–48 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the ninth season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Sportsklubben Strong won the championship.

Regular season

External links
 Norwegian Ice Hockey Federation

Nor
Category:GET-ligaen seasons
Category:1947–48 in Norwegian ice hockey


Eugène Balme

Eugène Jean François Balme (22 November 1874 – 24 February 1914) was a French shooter who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics and 1908 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Oullins and died in Paris. He committed suicide by shooting himself.

In 1900 at Paris he won the bronze medal in the 25 metre rapid fire pistol event.

Eight years later at London he won another bronze medal in the team free rifle event and was fourth in team military rifle event.

References

External links
profile

Category:1874 births
Category:1914 deaths
Category:French male sport shooters
Category:ISSF pistol shooters
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for France
Category:Olympic shooters of France
Category:Shooters at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Category:Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing
Category:Olympic medalists in shooting
Category:Sports competitors who committed suicide
Category:Suicides by firearm in France
Category:Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Category:Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Category:Male suicides


2008 Estoril Open – Women's Singles

Gréta Arn was the defending champion, but chose not to participate that year.

Maria Kirilenko won in the final 6–4, 6–2, against Iveta Benešová.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

External links
Draw and Qualifying Draw

Estoril Open
2008 Women's Singles
Estoril Open


USS Cone (DD-866)

USS Cone (DD-866) was a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Rear Admiral Hutch Ingham Cone USN (1871–1941).  She was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at Staten Island, New York, on 30 November 1944, launched on 10 May 1945 by Mrs. H. I. Cone, and commissioned on 18 August 1945.

Cone alternated operations along the east coast and in the Caribbean with the 2nd Fleet. She deployed with the 6th Fleet to the Mediterranean,  participated in Sea Dragon and Market Time operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties, and carried out Naval Gunfire Support missions during the Vietnam War.

History
Cones first cruise was to Portsmouth, England, between 12 February and 9 April 1946.  After a week at Newport, Rhode Island, she sailed on an extensive goodwill tour to ports in northern and southern Europe, welcoming visitors at each city.  Cone returned to Newport on 24 October 1946. She operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean from her homeport of Norfolk, Virginia, until the summer of 1947; then carried midshipmen on a training cruise to northern Europe.

Continuing training and service activities along the east coast and in the Caribbean, when not deployed, Cone served her first tour of duty with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean in 1948, joining the United Nations Palestine Patrol. She returned to the Mediterranean in 1949, and later that year crossed the Arctic Circle on maneuvers. East coast and Caribbean operations and another 6th Fleet tour occupied Cone in 1950. Her 1951 Mediterranean cruise was highlighted with a visit by Winston Churchill at Venice on 9 September, and. by Cone's transportation of the United States and British Ambassadors to Greece on a diplomatic call on the monasteries of Mount Athos. She served again in the Mediterranean in 1952, and on 28 August 1953, cleared Newport for a cruise around the world, sailing by way of Panama, San Diego, Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Yokosuka to join TF 77 on patrol off Korea, and continuing home with calls at Hong Kong, Bahrein, Port Said, Naples, Villefranche, and Lisbon, returning to Norfolk 9 April 1954.

From September to November 1954, Cone sailed to join other NATO navies in antisubmarine training off Ireland and in Operation "Blackjack," then called briefly at Mediterranean ports. Nineteen fifty-five found her concentrating on air defense exercises and acting as planeguard for carriers. In 1956, she joined in NATO exercises in the Mediterranean, returning home in June. Alerted during the Suez Crisis, she joined a task force which sailed to the eastern Atlantic to stand by, then called at Lisbon and returned home when its services were not needed. In 1958 and 1959-60 Cone served with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean; through the remainder of the 1960s, she conducted exercises in the Caribbean, operated locally from her new home port, Charleston, S.C., and visited northern European waters during NATO maneuvers.

 [1960-1982]
1981–1982, the Cone's two twin mount guns went through a complete overhaul, with assistance from Charleston's SIMA, and of course some select parts from the decommed destroyer Laffey, which is moored at Patriot's Point museum facilities in Charleston. note; (the Laffey was the experimental ship used in the movie Philadelphia experiment). Gunnersmates Eastwood and Larson brought the deteriorating condition of the gunmounts back to original status, both in cosmetic, and operational capabilities. When pulling in to Savannah, Georgia, it was thought that a gun salute would be appropriate as the ship passed the waterfront with the crowds all standing in the majesty of the old cotton warehouses converted into shops, restaurants, bars, etc., and of course it was St. Patty's day 1982, so Gunnersmate Eastwood painted a large 3 leafed clover on the forward gunmount on both sides. There was also smoke grenades (green smoke) that were put in the boilers to make the stacks look like they were steaming green smoke, but something tragic happen, when the guns went off, from the decks it looked like the people were just going crazy like at a rock concert, so,

Decommissioning and transfer

Cone was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1982, transferred to Pakistan and renamed Alamgir'''''. Alamgir's first crew included Cdr A U Khan (CO) later Commodore, Lcdr Aqeel Farooqi (XO), Cdr Ubaid (LO), Lt M Bashir Chaudhry (EO) later Commodore and Lcdr Shahid Latif (SO) later Rear Admiral. She was commissioned at Charleston, USA on 1st Oct 1982. She was decommissioned on 4 December 1998 and scrapped.

References

External links

 navsource.org: USS Cone
 hazegray.org: USS Cone

Category:Gearing-class destroyers of the United States Navy
Category:Ships built in Staten Island
Category:1945 ships
Category:Cold War destroyers of the United States
Category:Vietnam War destroyers of the United States
Category:Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Pakistan Navy
Category:Alamgir-class destroyers


John Lawton (footballer)

John Kenneth Lawton (6 July 1936 – 12 August 2017) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City.

Career
Lawton was born in Woore, and played for Crewe Alexandra before joining Stoke City in 1955. He spent the 1955–56 season at Stoke where he played nine times scoring three goals which came in three straight home league matches against Hull City, Plymouth Argyle and Lincoln City in September 1955. He left at the end of the season and played for his next team Winsford United.

Career statistics

References

Category:1936 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Newcastle-under-Lyme
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Stoke City F.C. players
Category:Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Category:Winsford United F.C. players
Category:English Football League players


HMS Eglinton (1916)

HMS Eglinton was a  of the Royal Navy built in 1916. The Racecourse Class (also called the Ascot Class) comprised 32 paddlewheel coastal minesweeping sloops. The vessel was named for Eglinton Racecourse.

References

Category:Racecourse-class minesweepers

Category:1916 ships


Cadavrexquis

Cadavrexquis is a studio album by French singer Amanda Lear, first released by Chène Music in 1993.

Background
Cadavrexquis was a collaboration with French musicians and producers, and German production team Bass Bumpers, recorded in Imagine Studio and SBC Studio in Paris. It was Lear's first English language album since 1986's Secret Passion and marked her definite return to the dance genre. The album showcased material heavily influenced by eurodance, which in the early 1990s was reaching its prime. The title of the album is a reference to the Surrealist game of exquisite corpse (in French: cadavre exquis).

Apart from new songs, Cadavrexquis included three re-recordings of Lear's hits from the 1970s: "Fashion Pack", "Follow Me" (both with updated lyrics) and the downtempo version of "Lili Marleen". Two songs were ultimately left off the album: the dance track "Voluptas" and the melancholic, autobiographical ballad "Glad to Be Alive", also known as "Sixties Survivor", paying tribute to Andy Warhol, John Lennon, Nico and other celebrities Lear knew herself.

"Fantasy" was released as the album's only single, first in Belgium in 1992, and subsequently in other countries of Continental Europe in 1993. The dance track, recorded with Bass Bumpers and mixed at Orange Room Studio in Germany, slowly grew to become something of an underground hit in gay clubs. The new version of "Follow Me" was released as its B-side in certain territories and received moderate promotion on TV, although never was released as a separate single.

Cadavrexquis was initially only released by minor French record company Chène Music and didn't gain much attention, but the success of "Fantasy" resulted in German dance major Mint Records licensing and re-issuing both the single and the album. The German edition was released with original track listing, but different cover. In 1995, Mint Records released the album in Russia, with the same track listing, but again different artwork. Despite warm reception from fans, Cadavrexquis failed to chart.

Track listing
 "Fantasy" (Single Version) (Amanda Lear, Henning Reith, Carsten Caba Kroll) – 3:55
 "Sacrilège" (Amanda Lear, Olivier Brochart, I. Mac Ram's) – 3:27
 "Speak of the Devil" (Amanda Lear, Olivier Brochart, I. Mac Ram's) – 3:15
 "Fashion Pack" (Amanda Lear, Anthony Monn) – 4:52
 "Time to Change" (Amanda Lear, Olivier Brochart, I. Mac Ram's) – 3:40
 "What a Boy" (Amanda Lear, Olivier Brochart, I. Mac Ram's) – 3:23
 "Follow Me" (Amanda Lear, Anthony Monn) – 3:50
 "Loving" (Amanda Lear, David Laloue) – 3:42
 "Lili Marlène" (Norbert Schultze, Hans Leip, Tommie Connor) – 4:28
 "Fantasy" (Long Version) (Amanda Lear, Henning Reith, Carsten Caba Kroll) – 6:18

Personnel
 Amanda Lear – lead vocals
 Eric Bono – musical arranger (tracks: 4, 9)
 Olivier Brochart – musical arranger (tracks: 2, 3, 5, 6)
 Canicule – make-up
 Matildes Charles – additional vocals on "Fashion Pack" and "Loving"
 Philippe Chauveau – musical arranger (tracks: 4, 9)
 Jacky Giordano – song selection
 Carsten Caba Kroll of Bass Bumpers – musical arranger (tracks: 1, 7, 10)
 Mario Pierotti – photography
 Roland Ragaut – co-producer
 Henning Reith of Bass Bumpers – musical arranger (tracks: 1, 7, 10)
 Felicia Uwaje of Bass Bumpers – additional vocals on "Fantasy"

Release history

References

External links
 Cadavrexquis at Discogs
 Cadavrexquis at Rate Your Music

Category:1993 albums
Category:Amanda Lear albums
Category:Eurodance albums


Mitra subscrobiculata

Mitra subscrobiculata is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

Distribution
This species occurs in India.

References

subscrobiculata
Category:Gastropods described in 1852


Carcina

Carcina is a moth genus of the family Depressariidae.

Species
 Carcina quercana (Fabricius, 1775) - oak long-horned flat-body
 Carcina luridella (Christoph, 1882)
 Carcina haemographa Meyrick, 1937

References

Category:Peleopodinae
Category:Moth genera


Marci Geller

Marci Anne Geller is an American singer-songwriter from Long Island, New York, United States. She is an internationally acclaimed touring artist with numerous soundtrack placements on VH1, MTV, A&E, ABC Family, Discovery, FoodTV, etc.  She is a member of SESAC and was also named one of the "Top 10 Best Singer/Songwriters" by Independent Songwriter Magazine.  She co-owns the independent music production company/label Sonic Underground with Gian DiMauro.  The label was birthed from Sonic Underground the recording studio which opened its doors in 1990.

Early years
She was the opening act for and a member of Ritchie Blackmore's group Blackmore's Night (1999–2000) playing keyboard and singing background vocals.

She has collaborated and shared the stage with noted musicians and composers such as David Amram, Christine Lavin, Buskin and Batteau, Vance Gilbert, James Maddock, Adam Forgione, Alex Alexander (Drummer for Dido), Brian Dunne, Kevin Dunne, John Tabacco, Chris Pati, Jim Dexter.  Her husband/manager, musician and recording engineer Gian DiMauro, co-produced the CD Here On The Edge along with producer David Warner Cook. Her song "We Carry On" was performed live on the Regis and Kathie Lee show.

Marci was a founding member of the acoustic trio  Lucky 13, along with Susan DeVita and Cathy Kreger. Lucky 13 was active from 2008 to early 2011. They released one album.

Recent projects
Geller released the full-length solo CD Open Book in 2012. Open Book has attained accolades of #33 on the Folk-DJ Charts and was named one of the Top 100 Albums of 2012 on the Roots Music Report: Folk Chart.

Square Peg, Marci's latest project, was funded by a Kickstarter campaign. The album was released in early 2016. A social media campaign ensued with the hashtage "ImASquarePeg, in which individuals posted pictures of themselves with the album they received.  Square Peg charted at #8 Folk-DJ charts in May 2016.

Discography

Must Be The Moon (1997) (ep – CD)
"Must Be The Moon"
"Falling Down"
"We Carry On"
"Girls' Nite Out"

Here On The Edge (1999) (CD)
"I'm So Angry"
"Skin"
"World Falls Down"
"Here On The Edge"
"We Carry On"
"Not That Girl Anymore"
"Light On My Face"
"Make It Feel Better"
"Look What You've Done"
"What's Going on Here"
"Falling Down"
"Say Goodbye"

Naked (2004) (ep -CD)
"Me Versus The Pill"
"Suicide"
"Home"
"The Day I Disappeared"
"Ok"

Box of Truth (2008) (CD)
"Me Versus the Pill"
"Suicide"
"Day I Disappeared"
"Home"
"Close Your Eyes"
"OK (The la, la song)"
"That's Good"
"My Last Mistake"
"Last Night"
"Secret She Keeps"
"Truth About Lies"

Open Book (2012) (CD)
"Day Without the Kids"
" Gotta Love That Man"
" Awakened Mind featuring James Maddock"
"Another Breakdown"
" Driving In Manhattan"
"Thank You featuring John Tabacco"
" No Weather Down featuring Vance Gilbert"
" Little Light"
" Promets-Moi featuring Jean-Philippe Martignoni"
"Jack Sang On-Tribute to Jack Hardy"
"Tom McCarthy"
"Surf the Undertow"

Awards
 2017 Selected artist/song for Dunst Music Project for Social Justice
 2016 Sync Summit Official Showcase Artist
 2016 Durango Songwriters Expo Official Showcase
 Top 100 Folk Albums of 2016 Int'l Folk DJ
 2015/2014 South Florida Folk Festival Main Stage
 2014 NERFA 1-Day, New Jersey Area
 2014 Feature Showcase Folk Alliance International Conference, Kansas City, MO
 2014 South Florida Folk Festival Main Stage
 2013 Huntington Folk Festival Main Stage
 Official Showcase 2013 NERFA 1-Day
 Finalist 2013 CT Folk Festival Song Competition
 Top 100 Folk Albums of 2012 Int'l Folk DJ
 #33 Top Album on Folk DJ for September 2012
 Climbed to # 10 on the Cashbox Magazine/Roots Music Report's Folk Top 50
 Climbed to # 3 on the Cashbox Magazine/Roots Music Report's NY: Roots Radio Airplay Chart
 Track 1 & 13 chosen as a “Rich’s Pick” Midnight Special by Rich Warren, WFMT, 98.7

References

External links
 Official website
 "CSA Pro Workshop from New York City: Marci Geller" – Connecticut Songsmith
 "An Interview with Marci Geller" – The future of the music business

Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from New York (state)
Category:People from Stony Brook, New York
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Richard Watts (politician)

Richard Watts (born 1975), is a Labour Party politician, currently Council Leader of Islington London Borough Council, England.

He was elected to the role in October 2013. In the borough elections of May 2014 he led the Islington Labour Party to an increased majority on the Council.

Early life
Watts attended Haywood Comprehensive School, Nottingham. He graduated with a degree in politics from Durham University and before this worked in the Pretty Polly tights factory in Nottinghamshire.

Career
Watts has lived in Islington for 15 years, representing Tollington ward in the north of Islington since 2006.

Before becoming a full-time member of Islington Council’s Executive, Watts ran the Children’s Food Campaign, a national campaign to improve children’s diets. Previously he worked for a number of different campaigns and a consultancy organisation, which led to some work in the Balkans, including working in Kosovo helping develop democratic political parties.

He is a governor of City and Islington College.

Watts is concerned about the effects of austerity on local government provision.  Watts stated “unprecedented” funding pressure also demand for services addressing adult and children’s social care and homelessness was “pushing councils to the limit.  As a result less money is being spent on the other services that keep our communities running such as libraries, local roads, early intervention and local welfare support.  Losing a further £1.3bn of central government funding at this time is going to tip many councils over the edge. Many local authorities will reach the point where they only have the funds to provide statutory responsibilities and it will be our local communities and economies that will suffer the consequences.”

References

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Politics of the London Borough of Islington
Category:Labour Party (UK) councillors
Category:Councillors in the London Borough of Islington
Category:Alumni of Collingwood College, Durham
Category:Leaders of local authorities of England


Grimbosq

Grimbosq is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Calvados (department)
Category:Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Alien Souls

Alien Souls is a lost 1916 silent film feature directed by Frank Reicher and starring Sessue Hayakawa, his real-life wife Tsuru Aoki and Earle Foxe.

Cast
Sessue Hayakawa - Sakata
Tsuru Aoki - Yuri Chan
Earle Foxe - Aleck Lindsay
Grace Benham - Mrs. Conway
J. Parks Jones - Jack Holloway
Violet Malone - Gertrude Van Ness
Dorothy Abril - Geraldine Smythe

References

External links
 Alien Souls at IMDb.com
allmovie/synopsis; Alien Souls

Category:1916 films
Category:American silent feature films
Category:American films
Category:Paramount Pictures films
Category:Films based on short fiction
Category:Films directed by Frank Reicher
Category:1910s drama films
Category:American drama films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:Lost American films


Ivy Hill Cemetery (Smithfield, Virginia)

Ivy Hill Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery and national historic district located at Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia. It was established in 1886, and is a privately owned cemetery.  Grave markers within the cemetery date from the mid-19th century to the present day.  It includes a number of notable funerary monuments.

Notable burials include:
 Pembroke Decatur Gwaltney (1836–1915), founder of the highly successful Gwaltney ham and peanut business
 Congressman Joel Holleman (1799–1844)
 Congressman Dr. John W. Lawson (1837–1905)
 Hardy Cross (1885-1959), Pioneer in the field of Structural Engineering

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

References

Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Isle of Wight County, Virginia


List of Tanzanians

This is a list of notable people from [Tanzania].

Artists
 George Lilanga (1934–2005), Makonde artist

Business people
 Said Salim Bakhressa
 Susan Mashibe (born 1983), aviator
 Ali Mufuruki
 Patrick Ngowi
 Mohammed Dewji
  Reginald Mengi

Musicians
 Ali Kiba (born 1980), artist, singer-songwriter, dancer and actor
 Diamond Platnumz (born 1989), artist, songwriter and dancer
 Nahreel (born 1989), producer, artist in Navy Kenzo Duo group
 Cool James (1970–2002), rapper
 Dully Sykes (born 1981), rapper
 Ayoub "Ni Kipipa" Nzali (born 1995), actor, writer, director, rappper, record producer
 Joseph Haule (Professor Jay), rapper
 Baby Madaha (born 1988), Singer
 Ray C (born 1982), artist, singer-songwriter
 Freddie Mercury (1946–1991), lead vocalist of Queen, was born Farrokh Bulsara in Tanzania
 Saida Karoli (born 1976), singer
 Bi Kidude (c. 1910s–2013), Zanzibari Taarab singer
 George Kinyonga (died 1992), Kenyan/Tanzanian musician
 Wilson Kinyonga (died 1995), Kenyan/Tanzanian musician
 Lady Jaydee (born 1979), pop singer
 Joseph Mbilinyi (Mr. II), rapper
 Rose Mhando (born 1976), gospel singer
 Daniel Owino Misiani (1940–2006), Kenyan/Tanzanian benga musician
 Tumi Molekane (born 1981), South African/Tanzanian rapper
 Imani Sanga (born 1972), composer and ethnomusicologist
 Siti binti Saad (1880–1950), Taarab singer
 Nakaaya Sumari (born 1982), model and singer
 Hukwe Zawose (1938–2003), singer
Harmonize (born 1991), Tanzanian Musician

Politicians
 Bibi Titi Mohammed (1926–1963), founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union
 Jakaya Kikwete (born 1950), President of Tanzania since 2005
 Gertrude Mongella (born 1945), president of the Pan-African Parliament
 William F. Shija (born 1947), member of the National Assembly of Tanzania from 1990 to 2005
 Freeman Mbowe (born 14 September 1961), leader of CHADEMA
 Joseph Kakunda (born 1968) Minister of Trade, MP
 Anna Abdallah (born 1940), Member of Parliament
 Maida Abdallah (born 1970), Member of Parliament
 Mohamed Rished Abdallah (born 1952), Member of Parliament
 Mohammed Abdi Abdulaziz (born 1958), Member of Parliament
 Bahati Ali Abeid (born 1967), Member of Parliament
 Juma Jamaldin Akukweti (1947–2007), Member of Parliament
 Khadija Salum Ally Al-Qassmy (born 1958), Member of Parliament
 Ali Haji Ali (born 1948), Member of Parliament
 Ali Tarab Ali (born 1947), Member of Parliament
 Fatma Ali (born 1950), Member of Parliament
 Aziza Sleyum Ally, Member of Parliament
 Ame Pandu Ame, Member of Parliament
 Ameir Ali Ameir, Member of Parliament
 Paul Bomani (1925–2005), ambassador

Royalty
 Abdullah bin Khalifa of Zanzibar (1910–1963), tenth Sultan of Zanzibar
 Thomas Marealle (1915–2007), Paramount Chief of the Chagga people
 Mangi Meli, Chagga chief who was hanged by German colonialists
 Chief Mkwawa (1855–1898), Hehe chief
 Rindi, Chagga chief
 Emily Ruete (Sayyida Salme) (1844–1924), Princess of Zanzibar

Sports people
 Hasheem Thabeet (born 1986), basketball player
Mbwana Ally Samatta (born 1993) football player
Martin Kolikoli (1989-) basketball player
 Erasto Nyoni(2000) football player

Writers
 Christopher Mwashinga (born 1965), writer and poet
 Muhammed Said Abdulla (born 1918), journalist and novelist
 Euphrase Kezilahabi (born 1944), novelist and poet
 Amandina Lihamba (born 1944), playwright
 Fadhy Mtanga (born 1981), writer, poet, photographer and blogger
 Godfrey Mwakikagile (born 1949), writer, scholar and specialist in Africa studies
 Justinian Rweyemamu (1942–1982), economist, mathematician and writer
 Leonard Shayo  (born 1948), writer, mathematics, columnist
 Julius Nyang'oro (born 1954), writer, political scientist and legal scholar
 Mathias E. Mnyampala (1917–1969), lawyer, writer, and poet
 Shaaban bin Robert (1909–1962), poet, author, essayist
 Julius Nyerere (1922–1999), politician, writer, philosopher
 Bujiku Noninhale (1998 up to date), Poet,Novelist, Fine Art Stylist, Design

Miscellaneous
 Jayantilal Chande (born 1928), businessman and philanthropist
 Patrick Chokala, ambassador to Russia
 Sajjad Fazel, (born 1991), health columnist
 Benjamin Fernandes (born 1992), TV presenter and public speaker
 Geline Fuko (born c.1980), lawyer and human rights activist
 Mustafa Hassanali (born 1980), fashion designer
 Salma Kikwete, wife of President Jakaya Kikwete
 Flaviana Matata (born 1987), fashion model
 Reginald Mengi, businessman
 Mirambo, Nyamwezi warlord
 Kinjikitile Ngwale (died 1905), medium and leader of the Maji Maji Rebellion
 John Okello (1937–1971), revolutionary
 Polycarp Pengo (born 1944), Cardinal, Archbishop of Dar es Salaam
 Laurean Rugambwa (1912–1997), Cardinal, Archbishop of Dar es Salaam
 Nancy Sumari (born 1986), Miss Tanzania 2005
 Anna Tibaijuka (born 1950), Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
 Myles Turner (1921–1984), warden of the Serengeti National Park
 Frederick Werema (born 1954), former Attorney General of Tanzania
 Mr Puaz (born 1985), Tanzanian Talent Manager & Entrepreneur
 Maria Sarungi Tsehai, activist

References

*


Candy Reynolds

Candy Reynolds (born March 24, 1955) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Career
During her career, Reynolds won the women's doubles title at the French Open in 1983 (partnering Rosalyn Fairbank). She was also a runner-up at the Australian Open in 1980 (partnering Ann Kiyomura), and at the French Open in 1981 (partnering Paula Smith).

Reynolds' career-high rankings were world No. 50 in singles (in 1983) and world No. 24 in doubles (in 1986). Her best singles performance at a Grand Slam event came at the Australian Open in 1980, where she reached the quarterfinals.

WTA career finals

Doubles: 49 (26–23)

External links

Category:American female tennis players
Category:French Open champions
Category:1955 births
Category:Living people
Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
Category:Tennis people from Tennessee


Shay Gap Airport

Shay Gap Airport  is located near Shay Gap, Western Australia.

See also

 List of airports in Western Australia

References

Category:Pilbara airports


Nobuhisa Furukawa

is a former Japanese football player.

Career
Nobuhisa Furukawa joined Uruguayan Segunda División club Atenas de San Carlos in 2013. He moved to J3 League club Kataller Toyama in 2015.

References

External links

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association football people from Hiroshima Prefecture
Category:Japanese footballers
Category:J3 League players
Category:Kataller Toyama players
Category:Association football forwards


Totokia

The totokia (also pineapple club or beaked battle hammer) is a type of club or battlehammer from Fiji.

The totokia was called the "pineapple club" because of the spiked ball behind the weapon's beak. The name is a misnomer; the shape actually is modeled after that of the fruit of the pandanus.

The spike ("beak") and head of the weapon were used to puncture the skull of the enemy and crush the head. In addition to its functional use as a weapon of war, totokia were also status symbols.

Several museums hold totokia in their collection, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Peabody Essex Museum of Salem, Massachusetts, the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of the University of Cambridge, the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, and the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

African and oceanic art expert Bruno Claessens writes that the weapons carried by the Tusken Raiders of Tatooine in George Lucas' Star Wars were inspired by the totokia.

References

Category:Clubs (weapon)
Category:Fijian culture


Kim Kristensen

Kim Kristensen (born January 10, 1975) is a former Danish professional football player, who most recently was the manager of Skive IK.

References

External links
 Boldklubben Frem profile

Category:Living people
Category:1975 births
Category:Danish footballers
Category:Boldklubben Frem players
Category:FC Midtjylland players
Category:Vejle Boldklub players
Category:Herfølge Boldklub players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Ringkøbing IF managers
Category:Danish football managers


Muhammad Rafique

Muhammad Rafique Banbhan is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from May 2013 to May 2018.

Early life
He was born on 1 May 1960 in Khairpur District.

Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (F) from Constituency PS-31 KHAIRPUR-III in 2013 Pakistani general election.

He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Grand Democratic Alliance (GDA) from Constituency PS-29 (Khairpur-IV) in 2018 Pakistani general election.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Sindh MPAs 2013–2018
Category:1960 births
Category:Pakistan Muslim League (F) politicians
Category:Grand Democratic Alliance MPAs (Sindh)
Category:Sindh MPAs 2018–2023