Task state segment

The task state segment (TSS) is a structure on x86-based computers which holds information about a task.  It is used by the operating system kernel for task management.  Specifically, the following information is stored in the TSS:

 Processor register state
 I/O port permissions
 Inner-level stack pointers
 Previous TSS link

All this information should be stored at specific locations within the TSS as specified in the IA-32 manuals.

Location of the TSS
The TSS may reside anywhere in memory.  A segment register called the task register (TR) holds a segment selector that points to a valid TSS segment descriptor which resides in the GDT (a TSS descriptor may not reside in the LDT).  Therefore, to use a TSS the following must be done by the operating system kernel:

 Create a TSS descriptor entry in the GDT
 Load the TR with the segment selector for that segment
 Add information to the TSS in memory as needed

For security purposes, the TSS should be placed in memory that is accessible only to the kernel.

Task register
The TR register is a 16-bit register which holds a segment selector for the TSS.  It may be loaded through the LTR instruction.  LTR is a privileged instruction and acts in a manner similar to other segment register loads.  The task register has two parts: a portion visible and accessible by the programmer and an invisible one that is automatically loaded from the TSS descriptor.

Register states
The TSS may contain saved values of all the x86 registers.  This is used for task switching.  The operating system may load the TSS with the values of the registers that the new task needs and after executing a hardware task switch (such as with an IRET instruction) the x86 CPU will load the saved values from the TSS into the appropriate registers.  Note that some modern operating systems such as Windows and Linux do not use these fields in the TSS as they implement software task switching.

Note that during a hardware task switch, certain fields of the old TSS are updated with the CPU's current register contents before the values from the new TSS are read. Thus some TSS fields are read/write, while others are read-only:
 Read/Write fields: read and written during a hardware task switch.
 All general-purpose registers (EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, EBP, ESP);
 All segment registers (CS, DS, ES, FS, GS, SS);
 Current execution state (EIP, EFlags);
 The Link field in the new TSS, if the task switch was due to a CALL or INT rather than a JMP.
 Read-only fields: read only when required, as indicated.
 Control Register 3 (CR3), also known as the Page Directory Base Register (PDBR).
 Read during a hardware task switch.
 The Local Descriptor Table register (LDTR);
 Read during a hardware task switch.
 The three privilege-level stack pairs (SS0:ESP0, SS1:ESP1, SS2:ESP2);
 Read during an inter-level CALL or INT to establish a new stack.
 The IO Port Bitmap pointer (IOPB) and the I/O Port Bitmap itself;
 Read during an IN, OUT, INS or OUTS instruction if CPL > IOPL to confirm the instruction is legal (see I/O port permissions below).

The PDBR field is in fact the very first one read out of the new TSS: since a hardware task switch can also switch to a completely different page table mapping, all the other fields (especially the LDTR) are relative to the new mapping.

I/O port permissions
The TSS contains a 16-bit pointer to I/O port permissions bitmap for the current task. This bitmap, usually set up by the operating system when a task is started, specifies individual ports to which the program should have access. The I/O bitmap is a bit array of port access permissions; if the program has permission to access a port, a "0" is stored at the corresponding bit index, and if the program does not have permission, a "1" is stored there. If the TSS’ segment limit is less than the full bitmap, all missing bits are assumed to be "1".

The feature operates as follows: when a program issues an x86 I/O port instruction such as IN or OUT (see x86 instruction listings - and note that there are byte-, word- and dword-length versions), the hardware will do an I/O privilege level (IOPL) check to see if the program has access to all I/O ports.  If the Current Privilege Level (CPL) of the program is numerically greater than the I/O Privilege level (IOPL) (the program is less-privileged than what the IOPL specifies), the program does not have I/O port access to all ports.  The hardware will then check the I/O permissions bitmap in the TSS to see if that program can access the specific port(s) in the IN or OUT instruction. If (all the) relevant bit(s) in the I/O port permissions bitmap is/are clear, the program is allowed access to the port(s), and the instruction is allowed to execute.  If (any of) the relevant bit(s) is/are set - or if (any of) the bit(s) is/are past the TSS’ segment limit - the program does not have access and the processor generates a general protection fault. This feature allows operating systems to grant selective port access to user programs.

Inner-level stack pointers
The TSS contains 6 fields for specifying the new stack pointer when a privilege level change happens.  The field SS0 contains the stack segment selector for CPL=0, and the field ESP0/RSP0 contains the new ESP/RSP value for CPL=0.  When an interrupt happens in protected (32-bit) mode, the x86 CPU will look in the TSS for SS0 and ESP0 and load their values into SS and ESP respectively.  This allows for the kernel to use a different stack than the user program, and also have this stack be unique for each user program.

A new feature introduced in the AMD64 extensions is called the Interrupt Stack Table (IST), which also resides in the TSS and contains logical (segment+offset) stack pointers.  If an interrupt descriptor table specifies an IST entry to use (there are 8), the processor will load the new stack from the IST instead.  This allows known-good stacks to be used in case of serious errors (NMI or Double fault for example). Previously, the entry for the exception or interrupt in the IDT pointed to a task gate, causing the processor to switch to the task that is pointed by the task gate. The original register values were saved in the TSS current at the time the interrupt or exception occurred. The processor then set the registers, including SS:ESP, to a known value specified in the TSS and saved the selector to the previous TSS. The problem here is that hardware task switching is not supported on AMD64.

Previous TSS link
This is a 16-bit selector which allows linking this TSS with the previous one.  This is only used for hardware task switching.  See the IA-32 manuals for details.

Use of TSS in Linux
Although a TSS could be created for each task running on the computer, Linux kernel only creates one TSS for each CPU and uses them for all tasks.  This approach was selected as it provides easier portability to other architectures (for example, the AMD64 architecture does not support hardware task switches), and improved performance and flexibility.  Linux only uses the I/O port permission bitmap and inner stack features of the TSS; the other features are only needed for hardware task switches, which the Linux kernel does not use.

Exceptions related to the TSS
The x86 exception vector 10 is called the Invalid TSS exception (#TS).  It is issued by the processor whenever something goes wrong with the TSS access.  For example, if an interrupt happens in CPL=3 and is transferring control to CPL=0, the TSS is used to extract SS0 and ESP0/RSP0 for the stack switch.  If the task register holds a bad TSS selector, a #TS fault will be generated.  The Invalid TSS exception should never happen during normal operating system operation and is always related to kernel bugs or hardware failure.

For more details on TSS exceptions, see Volume 3a, Chapter 6 of the IA-32 manual.

TSS in x86-64 mode
The x86-64 architecture does not support hardware task switches. However the TSS can still be used in a machine running in the 64 bit extended modes. In these modes the TSS is still useful as it stores:

 The stack pointer addresses for each privilege level.
 Pointer Addresses for the Interrupt Stack Table (The inner-level stack pointer section above, discusses the need for this).
 Offset Address of the IO permission bitmap.

Also, the task register is expanded in these modes to be able to hold a 64-bit base address.

References

External links
 Demonstration program using TSSes

Category:X86 architecture


John Twomey (hurler)

John Twomey (; born 1962) is an Irish former hurler who played as a centre-back for the Dublin senior team.

Born in Finglas, County Dublin, Twomey played both hurling and Gaelic football with his local club, Erins Isle. He won a Dublin Senior Hurling Championship medal with Isles in 1983 and a Dublin Senior Football Championship medal with them in 1993. Twomey began playing with the Dublin senior hurling team in 1982 and was a key part of Lar Foley's team of the early 1990s, captaining them to two consecutive finals in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship in 1990 and 1991. At inter-provincial level, he won a Railway Cup medal with Leinster in 1988.

Biography

Early years

John was born in Finglas, North County Dublin in 1962 to Tom and Maureen Twomey. He was one of four children including a brother, Joe, and two sisters, Maeve and Wendy. John was born into a household steeped in the tradition of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), particularly in the game of hurling. His father, Tom, was from the hurling stronghold of Newtownshandrum in County Cork and served as chairman of Erins Isle, while his mother, Maureen, was club secretary for a number of years. John's grandfather, Tommy, won an All-Ireland medal with his club, Aghabullogue, when they represented Cork in the 1890 All-Ireland final, beating Castlebridge of Wexford by 1-6 to 2-2 at Clonturk Park, Dublin. John's older brother, Joe, also played hurling and Gaelic football with Erins Isle for many years. As a result of their involvement in the GAA, John considers his brother and father to have been his biggest sporting influences growing up.

Personal life

John works as a member of An Garda Síochána and is currently acting as Assistant Garda Commissioner for the Dublin Metropolitan Region. His role includes heading the Garda National Traffic Bureau (GNTB), established in 1997 to formulate policy and oversee traffic policing throughout Ireland. He is based at Garda Headquarters in Phoenix Park, Dublin.

John currently lives in Monkstown, County Dublin with his wife, Kathleen, and their three sons, Dara, Jack and Luke. All three sons hurl with their local club, Cuala, in Dalkey. John maintains some involvement in hurling through underage coaching at Cuala.

Playing career

Club

John, along with his older brother Joe, played both hurling and Gaelic football for Erins Isle. In 1983, when John was just 21 years of age, he helped Isles win their first and only Dublin Senior Hurling Championship, beating Ballyboden St Endas in the final. In 1990, to celebrate the centenary of their All-Ireland victory, his grandfather's club, Aghabullogue, hosted a hurling match against Castlebridge, in which John took part. John also won a Dublin Senior Football Championship with Isles in 1992, when they beat Kilmacud Crokes in a replay by 1-18 to 0-6.

Inter-county

At inter-county level, Twomey played exclusively with the Dublin hurlers. He was selected for the senior team in 1982 by the famous Dublin hurling mentor, Jimmy Boggan, who had managed Dublin to an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship in 1965. Twomey made his senior debut in the National Hurling League against Limerick at the Gaelic Grounds when he was only 20 years of age. In 1983, Twomey made his championship debut for Dublin when they beat Laois by 4-10 to 2-11 in Nowlan Park in the quarter final of the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship. Dublin were well beaten in the semi-final by the famous Offaly team that had won the All-Ireland two years previously. Dublin reached the semi-final stages of the Leinster Championship again in 1984, 1986 and 1988 but failed to reach the final on each occasion. The last time a Dublin hurling team had reached a Leinster final was 1964 and they had not won it since 1961.

In 1989, the Dublin County Board appointed legendary Dublin hurler Lar Foley as manager of the Dublin hurling team. Foley had played as a corner-back with the famous Dublin team that won the Leinster Championship in 1961. When Foley took over as Dublin manager, he set out a plan to return Dublin to the top tier of Leinster hurling. The current panel had been under the guidance of Boggan for many years now and were very experienced, including the likes of Brian McMahon, Vinny Holden, MJ Ryan, Shay Boland and Peadar Carton Snr. In 1990, Twomey was selected as Dublin Captain for the first time. He was back in his fifth Leinster semi-final, this time against Wexford, who were hot favorites. However, on this occasion, Dublin were victorious, beating Wexford by 2-16 to 1-17 in Croke Park. Twomey, who played at left corner-back that day, described this game as the standout game of his career, given how close it was. This qualified Dublin for their first Leinster final in 26 years. In the final, they played Offaly at Croke Park but were beaten by 1-19 to 2-11, Twomey managing to contribute a point from the corner-back position. Aside from reaching their first Leinster final since 1964, the Dublin hurlers also received their first All Star award since 1971 that year, when Brian McMahon was awarded it for the full-forward position.

Inter-provincial

Twomey won a Railway Cup medal as a substitute with Leinster in 1988, along with fellow Dublin teammates Brian McMahon, Shane Dalton and John Treacy. This was the first Leinster team to win an inter-provincial title since 1979.

Honours

Erins Isle

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
Winner (1): 1983
Dublin Senior Football Championship
Winner (1): 1995

Dublin

Leinster Senior Hurling Championship
Runner-up (2): 1990 (c), 1991 (c)

Leinster

Railway Cup
Winner (1): 1988

References

Category:Dublin inter-county hurlers
Category:Dual players
Category:Garda Síochána officers
Category:Living people
Category:1962 births
Category:Erins Isle hurlers


École Secondaire Henri-Bourassa

École Secondaire Henri-Bourassa is a French language secondary school located in Montréal-Nord under the Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île. The school population for the 2009-10 school year is approximately 2300 students and offers the International Baccalaureate program.

The school is located at the corner of Maurice Duplessis and Laurier and located next to French immersion school École Gerald McShane.

The school's name is linked to French Canadian politician Henri Bourassa.

Athletic Facilities

The school has 2 basketball courts, 4 tennis courts plus a shared soccer pitch located in a nearby park.

External links
 School website (French)

Category:High schools in Montreal
Category:International Baccalaureate schools in Quebec
Category:Montréal-Nord
Category:Educational institutions with year of establishment missing


MMP19

Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) also known as matrix metalloproteinase RASI is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP19 gene.

Function

Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This protein is expressed in human epidermis and endothelial cells and it has a role in cellular proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and adhesion. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.

References

Further reading

External links
 The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M10.021

Category:Matrix metalloproteinases
Category:EC 3.4.24


Family Reunion (band)

Family Reunion is the world’s first “virtual” country music band. It is composed of six anonymous American musicians and composers living in Virginia, Tennessee, Texas, and California. A majority of the songs were composed by Brian Rock (BMI) and Chris Spradling (BMI) who first worked together in Roanoke, Virginia. The duo also had submissions with American Idol.

Background
In 2010, Family Reunion released the single Blue Collar King. The members live in different parts of the US.

The six professional musicians and songwriters in Family Reunion have over 50 years of experience in the music industry. But, tired of playing On the Road Again on the road for so long, they had individually decided to settle down with more stable gigs including session work and sound production for film. Then, a chance discussion at an actual family reunion united the six individual musicians into a single, country-wide band.

In 2010, Family Reunion were awarded platinum and gold “Auddys” from the music review site Uplaya.com. In 2011, their singles “A Hard Man (Is Good To Find)” and “Yes” reached the top 40 charts of the European ECMA. In 2012, their debut CD, Family Album, was released. The album received a short review in The Dallas Morning News (rated "B"). Later that year, Family Reunion was nominated for 3 ICoMA Awards (Song of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Band.) In June 2012, they were presented with the award for the Independent Country Music Association (ICoMA) Album of the Year.

Discography

Singles
 Blue Collar King (2010)
 A Hard Man (Is Good to Find) (2010)
 Yes (2011)

Albums
 Family Album (2011)
Tracks:
 Blue Collar King
 A Hard Man (Is Good to Find)
 Judy My Dear
 Beautiful Judas
 Yes
 Hey Broken Hearted
 Dulcita
 Delores
 Peas Porridge Cold

Awards
 2012 ICMA Country Album of the Year

Nominations
 2012 ICMA Song of the Year: Yes
 2012 ICMA Country Album of the Year: Family Album
 2012 ICMA Best Country Band: Family Reunion

Other accolades
 Platinum Auddy issued by music analysis site UPlaya for Blue Collar King
 God Auddy issued by music analysis site UPlaya for A Hard Man (Is Good to Find)
 ECMA top 30 song “A Hard Man (Is Good To Find)” in Italy and Norway (January 28th, 2011)
 ECMA top 40 song “Yes” in Italy (April 22, 2011)

References

External links

Category:Country musicians from Texas
Category:Country musicians from Virginia
Category:Country musicians from Tennessee
Category:Country musicians from California


Gunston Cove

Gunston Cove is an inlet of the Potomac River, at the confluence of Accotink Creek and Pohick Creek in Northern Virginia. The Cove forms the northern boundary of Mason Neck, once home to the revolutionary hero George Mason and now site of several regional parks and the Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge.

A notable multi-decadal study of water quality and aquatic habitat in Gunston Cove and the adjacent Potomac River has illustrated how a tidal freshwater ecosystem can gradually recover from human-induced eutrophication following management of upstream nutrient pollution.

References

Category:Coves of the United States
Category:Bodies of water of Fairfax County, Virginia
Category:Potomac River
Category:Bodies of water of Virginia


Yazdan, Fars

Yazdan (, also Romanized as Yūzdān) is a village in Jangal Rural District, in the Central District of Fasa County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 11 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Fasa County


George Ley (priest)

For the footballer with the same name see George Ley

George Ley was Dean of Cork from 1605 to 1628.

Ley was educated at Trinity College, Dublin.  He had previously been Archdeacon of Down.

Notes

Category:Anglican deans
Category:17th-century Anglican priests
Category:Archdeacons of Down


2011–12 Békéscsaba 1912 Előre SE season

The 2011–12 season will be Békéscsaba 1912 Előre SE's 99th year in existence as a football club.

First team squad

Autumn

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

List of Hungarian football transfer summer 2011

Statistics

Appearances and goals
Last updated on 3 December 2011.

|}

Top scorers
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.
Last updated on 3 December 2011.

Disciplinary record
Includes all competitive matches. Players with 1 card or more included only.

Last updated on 3 December 2011.

Overall
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Games played || 20 (15 Nemzeti Bajnokság II and 5 Hungarian Cup)
|-
|Games won || 11 (8 Nemzeti Bajnokság II and 3 Hungarian Cup)
|-
|Games drawn || 8 (6 Nemzeti Bajnokság II and 2 Hungarian Cup)
|-
|Games lost || 1 (1 Nemzeti Bajnokság II and 0 Hungarian Cup)
|-
|Goals scored || 39
|-
|Goals conceded || 16
|-
|Goal difference || +23
|-
|Yellow cards || 49
|-
|Red cards || 5
|-
|rowspan="2"|Worst discipline ||  Norbert Kállai (9 , 0 )
|-
|  Jimmy Tchana (5 , 2 )
|-
|rowspan="1"|Best result || 6–0 (A) v Makó FC - Hungarian Cup - 13-08-2011
|-
|rowspan="1"|Worst result || 0–2 (A) v Kazincbarcikai SC - Nemzeti Bajnokság II - 12-11-2011
|-
|rowspan="1"|Most appearances ||  Alexandru Leucuţă (20 appearances)
|-
|rowspan="1"|Top scorer ||  Alexandru Leucuţă (14 goal)
|-
|Points || 41/60 (68.33%)
|-

Nemzeti Bajnokság II

Matches

Classification

Results summary

Results by round

Hungarian Cup

Round of 16

References

External links
 Eufo
 Official Website
 NB2
 fixtures and results

Category:Békéscsaba 1912 Előre SE seasons
Category:Hungarian football clubs 2011–12 season


Dunback

Dunback, formerly Waihemo, is a small town in the Otago region of New Zealand. It is located between Palmerston and Ranfurly on Highway 85. It has a population of about 200 people. Most of these people live in the rural areas near the town.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the finished stream" for .

The only remaining buildings now that still stand are the church, the Highwayman Hotel, the coronation hall and the Dunback school. All of these buildings are over 100 years old. There is also the domain which includes a cricket field, camping ground and bowling green. Locals and campers both enjoy the facilities that it has to offer. Along Murphy Street also stands the swing bridge which was built in the early 1900s for pupils to cross the Shag River for easier access to the school.

From 29 August 1885 until 1 January 1968, the town was the terminus of the Dunback Branch, a branch line railway that left the Main South Line in Palmerston. Nowadays, some of the old railway formation, a loading bank at the site of the station yard, and other railway relics can still be found around Dunback.

Demographics
The census area of Waihemo, which includes Dunback but is considerably larger, had a population of 705 at the 2013 New Zealand census, an increase of 30 people since the 2006 census. There were 372 males and 330 females. Figures have been rounded and do not add up to totals. 95.0% were European/Pākehā, 5.4% were Māori, 1.4% were Pacific peoples and 0.5% were Asian.

References

Category:Populated places in Otago
Category:Waitaki District


Turkish hamster

The Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti, also referred to as Brandt's hamster, Azerbaijani hamster, or avurtlak, is a species of hamster native to Turkey, Armenia and other surrounding nations. The Turkish hamster, first catalogued in 1878, is a fairly close relative of the Syrian or golden hamster, though far less is known about it, and it is rarely kept as a pet. The population of the Turkish hamster is said to be declining in the wild, yet this hamster is often used in laboratory testing. Turkish hamsters have lifespans of about two years and are solitary, nocturnal animals, which practice hibernation.
They are reported to be more aggressive than other members of the family Cricetidae. They are tan and dark, sandy brown in color. Like all hamsters, the Turkish hamster has cheek pouches that allow it to carry large amounts of food at one time.

Habitat and behavior

Hamsters are found in the wild throughout Europe and Asia and are considered to be extremely adaptable, living in scrublands, sand dunes, desert steppes and farmlands.
The land where the Turkish hamster lives is extremely dry and open, with fairly little vegetation aside from grasses. Turkish hamsters usually live between 1,000 and 2,200 meters above sea level. This hamster burrows in the ground for shelter, and its burrows can be 20 inches to 6 feet below the ground surface. These burrows are complex, consisting of several tunnels leading to separate cells for nesting, food, and waste.
Turkish hamster burrows are well-enough equipped for the hamsters to hibernate for four to 10 months (though sources do differ on this point), sometimes sleeping for 30 days at a time, though usually waking weekly for a day or two of activity.

Diet
Turkish hamsters have fairly varied diets, subsisting primarily on grains and herbs. They do eat insects on occasion and store roots and leaves in their burrows for hibernation. As Turkish hamsters often live near and among farmlands, they often eat human crops and are considered a pest.

Population and endangerment
The Turkish hamster is a rare species, but is the most widespread of the family Cricetidae. Its ability to live in a variety of environments means the Turkish hamster often lives on farmlands, and is viewed as and controlled as an agricultural pest. In 1996, the Turkish hamster was categorized as an animal with the lowest risk of extinction, but due to cases of direct poisoning by farmers, it is now near threatened. More data are needed to understand the population decline.

Reproduction
Turkish hamsters are weaned from their mothers after three weeks of nursing. After eight weeks of age, females are sexually mature, but males do not mature until six months of age. According to iucnredlist.org, Turkish hamsters have two to four litters of young per year, with four to 20 young per litter, averaging 10. Petwebsite.com differs on this point, arguing the litter size is between one and 13 young, with an average of 6. The gestation lasts from 14 to 15 days, or 16–17 days. The two main breeding seasons are spring and fall, when daylength is about 15–17 hours per day.

Relationship to other hamsters
All hamsters are solitary creatures and are generally aggressive. Turkish hamsters are most closely related to the Syrian or golden hamster. The Turkish hamster is considered to be the more aggressive of the two, but this could be because the other species has been domesticated.

Domestic pets
Turkish hamsters are kept as a pet by some. Hamsters are aggressive by nature and these hamsters are recent pet species, yet this species is still improving. The domestication of the hamster was a fairly recent development; in 1930, a family of Syrian hamsters was domesticated, and this was the first instance of hamster domestication in history. Since then, only five of the 18 species of hamster— Campbell's dwarf hamster, the Djungarian hamster, the Roborovski hamster, the golden hamster, and the Chinese hamster—have been domesticated and are sold in pet shops. Turkish hamsters are often used in laboratory experiments.

References

Category:Mesocricetus
Hamster, Turkish
Hamster, Turkish
Category:Mammals of Azerbaijan
Category:Mammals of the Middle East
Category:Mammals described in 1898


4942 Munroe

4942 Munroe, provisional designation , is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 February 1987, by Belgian astronomer Henri Debehogne at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile, and later named after American cartoonist and former NASA roboticist Randall Munroe.

Orbit and classification

Munroe orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,193 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.
It was first identified as  at the Leiden Southern Station (Johannesburg-Hartbeespoort) in 1955, extending the body's observation arc by 32 years prior to its official discovery observation.

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS taxonomy, Munroe is characterized as a X-type asteroid. It has an absolute magnitude of 13.5.

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Munroe measures 3.453 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally high albedo of 0.936. On his private blog, Randall Munroe (after whom the asteroid is named) calculates that the asteroid is between 6 and 10 kilometers in diameter, comparable in size to the Chicxulub asteroid.

Lightcurves

As of 2017, Munroes rotation period, poles and shape remain unknown.

Naming

In 2013, it was named after Randall Munroe (born 1984), a former NASA roboticist and the author of the webcomic xkcd. The name was chosen by xkcd readers Lewis Hulbert and Jordan Zhu. The official naming citation was published on 22 July 2013 ().

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center

004942
Category:Discoveries by Henri Debehogne
Category:Minor planets named for people
Category:Named minor planets
004942
19870224


Olyokma River

The Olyokma River (, , ; , ) is a tributary of the Lena in eastern Siberia.

History
In the summer of 1631, Russian pioneer Pyotr Beketov entered the Olyokma during his first voyage down the Lena River and in 1636 he founded the present-day city of Olyokminsk near the mouth of the river on the left bank of Lena.

Yerofey Khabarov used this river's route to travel from the Lena to the Amur during his mid-17th century expeditions.

Course
The river is approximately  long. The Olyokma rises in the Muroy Range, Olyokma-Stanovik Highlands (Олёкминский Становик), west of Mogocha.  It flows north through remote terrain before joining the Lena near Olyokminsk.

To the west is the Vitim River, to the south the Shilka River and Amur River, and to the east the upper Aldan River. Its right branch, the  River, leads to a portage to the Shilka.  Other tributaries are the  and the Chara Rivers.

See also
List of rivers of Russia
Patom Highlands

References

External links

Category:Rivers of the Sakha Republic


Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak

The Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak (, ) is a political party that represents the Bosniak ethnic minority concentrated in Serbia, in Sandžak region.

History

The Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak (SDA) was founded on 29 July 1990 in Novi Pazar, as a branch of the Party of Democratic Action based in Sarajevo, which was then a pan-Yugoslav political party. The branch was founded in order to protect the interests of Muslims of Sandžak, Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo. The leadership of the SDA included Sulejman Ugljanin, president of the SDA, Harun Hadžić, president of the SDA of Montenegro, Numan Balić, president of the SDA of Kosovo and Metohija and Riza Halili, president of the SDA of Preševo.

The SDA founded the Muslim National Council of Sandžak (MNVS) on 11 May 1991. The MNVS acted as a quasi-governmental body of the Sandžak Muslims. It organised a referendum between 25 and 27 October 1991, asking the Sandžak Muslims weather they're in favour of "full political and territorial autonomy" of Sandžak and its "right to join one of the sovereign republics", presumably the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serbian authorities declared the referendum unconstitutional. The referendum was organised with the support from the Bosnian SDA, although this was denied by the MNVS. The MNVS claimed that 264,000 people in Sandžak, the rest of the SFR Yugoslavia and abroad asked to be included on the voter list. The turnout was 71%, while 98% voted in favour of the political and territorial autonomy of Sandžak with right of joining to other republics of the SFR Yugoslavia. President of the SDA said that the MNVS will decide which republic will Sandžak join, depending on further developments.

In late November the MNVS selected a new government. The secretary of the SDA, Rasim Ljajić was named the prime minister, while Ugljanin remained the president of the MNVS. The SDA maintained majority in the government, with the Liberal Bosniak Organisation and the Party of National Equity also being represented.

After the European Community declared the recognition of former Yugoslav republics in December 1991, Ugljanin sent the results of referendum to the Dutch Foreign Minister Hans van den Broek asking for "the recognition and full international and legal subjectivity of Sandžak". In January 1992, the MNVS declared the creation of a "special status" for Sandžak that would give to the region a far-reaching autonomy. The initiative wasn't recognised by the Yugoslav or Serbian government.

In a follow-up letter to the European Ministerial Council of 5 April 1992, Ugljanin, under the impact of the imminent foundation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (founded after other republics left the SFR Yugoslavia, except Serbia and Montenegro), and referring to the Bosnian War, asked again for the recognition of Sandžak, as well as deployment of UN troops and other international presence.

On 18 April, a Conference of Muslim Intellectuals of Sandžak, Montenegro and Serbia protested, in strong terms, against the foundation of the FR Yugoslavia against their will, calling for its nonrecognition. The MNVS adopted a resolution on 28 April that denied existence of the FR Yugoslavia, and insisted that the Sandžak Muslims should join the republic of their choice, which, in this case, was the Bosnian Muslim dominated Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the resolution, it was bluntly said that "Muslims of Sandžak do not recognise newly created Yugoslavia".

Electoral history

Bosniak National Council

The first elections for the national councils of various national minorities in Serbia were held in October 2014. The Bosniak National Council has 35 seats. The turnout for the Bosniak National Council was 35.7%. Most of the seats were won by the coalition led by the SDA of Sandžak, which gained 19 representatives, while the opposing coalition under Mufti Muamer Zukorlić won 16 seats.

Serbian parliamentary elections

Local elections

See also
Sandžak faction

References

Sources
Books

Other

External links

 Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak

Category:Bosniak political parties in Serbia
Category:Regionalist parties
Category:1990 establishments in Serbia
Category:Political parties established in 1990
Category:Islamic political parties
Category:Novi Pazar
Category:Pro-European political parties in Serbia


Downtown Ponca City Historic District

The Downtown Ponca City Historic District is a  area of historic buildings in Ponca City, Oklahoma.  The historic district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

The listing included 109 contributing buildings and 33 non-contributing ones.

It includes the City Hall in Ponca City, Poncan Theatre, a  Department Store building, Royal Theater, several commercial buildings including the newspaper building, and the Savage Motor Company Building.

References

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Kay County, Oklahoma
Category:Mission Revival architecture in Oklahoma
Category:Early Commercial architecture in the United States


Swell (geology)

A swell in geology is a domed area of considerable areal extent.

According to Leser, it is also called a sill (geology), and is a gently arched landform of various orders of size in topographic, sub-glacial or sub-hydric geology. It may be as small as a rock formation in a river or may assume continental scale.

References

Category:Landforms


List of programs broadcast by FX (Canada)

This is a list of programs broadcast by FX as of March 2018.

Current programming

Acquired from FX Networks
American Crime Story
American Horror Story
The Americans
Atlanta
Baskets
Better Things
Fargo
Feud
Legion
Snowfall

Other acquired shows
Da Vinci's City Hall
Modern Family
Seed
The Simpsons
Sunnyside

Former programming
Shows listed in bold are sourced from FX Networks.
2 Broke Girls
30 Rock
All My Children
The Beat (Canadian TV series)
The Booth at the End
Between
Brand X with Russell Brand
The Bridge
Crusoe
Da Vinci's Inquest
Departures
Ed's Up
Empire
EP Daily
Fringe
Glenn Martin, DDS
Hockey Night in Canada (overflow)
How I Met Your Mother
Intelligence
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
The League
Lights Out
Louie
Metropia
Murdoch Mysteries
The Office (U.S. TV series)
One Life to Live
Package Deal
Reviews on the Run
Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll
Sons of Anarchy
Taboo
Terriers
Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell
The Strain
The Tunnel
Two and a Half Men
Tyrant
The Ultimate Fighter: Live
Unsupervised
Wilfred

See also
FX Canada
FX
FX Australia
Fox
Fox International Channels

References

External links
FX Canada
Fox International Channels

FX Canada


Hydrovatus brevipes

Hydrovatus brevipes is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Dytiscidae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1882


Marc Gervais

Marc Gervais, S.J., (December 3, 1929 – March 25, 2012) was a Canadian Jesuit priest, film scholar, writer, and film consultant.

Biography

Early life
Gervais was the second child of Césaire Gervais, a Superior Court judge, and his wife, Sylvia Mullins. He was born on December 3, 1929, in Sherbrooke, Quebec, where he was raised. He was raised bilingual, speaking fluent English and French. His exposure to film began early in life when his grandmother, Lily Mullins, would frequently take him to the movies, despite Gervaid being under the legal age of fourteen years at the time. Gervais graduated from St. Patrick's Academy Sherbrooke before attending college at Loyola in Montreal.

Education and ordination
He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the former Loyola College in Montreal in 1950. (Loyola merged with Sir George Williams University in 1974 to form Concordia University.) He entered the Jesuit order at the Stanislaus Novitiate in Guelph, Ontario, on September 7, 1950, taking his initial vows towards ordination in 1952. He then studied philosophy from Collège de l'Immaculée Conception from 1954 to 1956.

Gervais taught English at the former Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal from 1956 to 1958. he also taught drama at Loyola High School (Montreal)Loyola High School from 1957 to 1959 and English literature at St. Stanislaus in Guelph from 1958 until 1959. Gervais was sent to The Catholic University of America in Washington D.C., where he received a Master of Fine Arts in drama in 1960. He then studied theology at 403 Wellington Street in Toronto from 1960 to 1961 and completed his courses at Regis College in North York, Ontario, from 1961 to 1964. He began to develop a key interest in films studies while taking his theology courses in the early 1960s. Gervais was ordained a Catholic priest within the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) at regis College on June 16, 1963.

Gervais completed his tertianship, the final formal period of formation within the Society of Jesus, from 1964 to 1965 in Saint-Martin-d'Ablois, France. He then relocated to Paris, where he studied communication arts at University of Paris-Sorbonne, where he studied from 1965 to 1968. He took his final vows on February 2, 1968, at the Loyola Residence in Montreal.

Film professor
Gervais began teaching film studies in the Communications Arts department, now called the Department of Communication Studies, of Loyola College in 1967, where he remained as a member of the faculty of Loyola and Concordia for thirty-five years. He automatically joined the faculty of Loyola's successor, Concordia University, when that university was formed in 1974 via the merger of Loyola and Sir George Williams University. He remained at Concordia until his retirement in 2003.

Gervais simultaneously continued his studies in film, receiving a doctorate in film esthetics from Sorbonne in 1979.

Gervais' film courses touched on all parts of film history and theory, He taught courses focusing on the filmography of specific film directors, including Quentin Tarantino, John Ford, and Alfred Hitchcock. Film genres taught by Gervais including musicals, French New Wave, Westerns, silent films, and Italian neorealism. For a specific course called Film Ideas, Gervais screened one movie a week at the now abandoned Empress Theatre in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighborhood of Montreal. Public film screenings were held in the basement of the former Loyola Chapel, now known as the F.C. Smith Auditorium.

Gervais taught hundreds of film students during his academic career. Among them are television producer John Kent Harrison, 2004 Academy Award winner Denys Arcand, Robert Wertheimer, and film producer, Kevin Tierney. His students also included several prominent Canadian journalists, including Paul Cherry, a reporter for the Montreal Gazette, and Hana Gartner, an investigative journalist with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

Film festivals
Gervais attended the Cannes Film Festival in France for thirty-nine festivals, serving on numerous Cannes juries. He would send his film reviews to newspapers and other media in Montreal, where his film critiques were published. He served as the chairman of several juries for the Cannes Film Festival, as well as the Venice Film Festival and the Oxford Film Festival. Gervais notably defended Italian film director Pier Paolo Pasolini before a jury at the Venice Film Festival in 1968.

In 2000, the Cannes Film Festival awarded Gervais the Cannes Festival Critics Award for attending and contributing to forty of the festivals.

Writings and film consultancy
He authored several biographies on notable film directors, including a 1973 book on Pier Paolo Pasolini. He authored Ingmar Bergman: Magician and Prophet, published by McGill-Queen's University Press in 1999, which is considered a landmark study on Ingmar Bergman's work.

Father Gervais also contributed his expertise as a film consultant on several films with Roman Catholic themes. The films include Agnes of God in 1985, The Mission in 1986, and Black Robe in 1991.

Additional works
Additionally, Father Gervais served as a commissioner of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission from 1981 until 1986. He became the founder and founding director of the Loyola Institute for Studies in International Peace at Concordia University in 1997, for which he received the UNESCO/HAS Peace Award that same year. He was also a founding member of the Lonergan University College of Concordia in 1975.

Gervais retired from Concordia University on July 31, 2003. Though a resident of Loyola College or the nearby area for most of his adult life, Gervais was a Boston Bruins fan. He remained a film consultant until 2009, when his health seriously deteriorated.

In 2009, he moved to the Rene Goupil Jesuit Infirmary in Pickering, Ontario, where died from complications of dementia on March 25, 2012, at the age of 82.

References

External links

Category:1929 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:Canadian Jesuits
Category:Canadian academics
Category:Canadian film critics
Category:Canadian film educators
Category:Canadian non-fiction writers
Category:Concordia University faculty
Category:University of Paris alumni
Category:Catholic University of America alumni
Category:Loyola College (Montreal) alumni
Category:Writers from Sherbrooke


Wilma M. Blom

Wilma M. Blom is a marine scientist. She is the curator of marine invertebrates at Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Biography
Blom's work focuses on identifying marine fauna, such as molluscs. She also works in science communication, through projects such as Auckland Museum's New Zealand Marine Life app. She also organises a 2-yearly BioBlitz programme which places scientists alongside communities to help them document the biodiversity of their surrounding area.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:New Zealand marine biologists
Category:Science communicators


Subject-matter expert Turing test

A subject matter expert Turing test is a variation of the Turing test where a computer system attempts to replicate an expert in a given field such as chemistry or marketing.  It is also known as a Feigenbaum test and was proposed by Edward Feigenbaum in a 2003 paper.

The concept is also described by Ray Kurzweil in his 2005 book The Singularity is Near. Kurzweil argues that machines who pass this test are an inevitable consequence of Moore's Law.

See also
 Subject-matter expert
 Turing test
 Progress in artificial intelligence

Notes

References

 , p. 503-505

Further reading

Category:Turing tests


Konoe Motohiro

, Tajimaru  (多治丸) in his childhood, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He held a regent position kampaku from 1690 to 1703.

Early life and family
He was a son of regent Konoe Hisatsugu and a concubine. Motohiro was not considered a legitimate member at first, but his father Hisatsugu and his wife, Princess Shoshi, a daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, had no child and Hisatsu died in Motohiro's childhood. Thus by an imperial order from Go-Mizunoo, Motohiro was installed in the Konoe lineage, and grew up under imperial protection.

In 1654 he performed his genpuku ceremony and entered adulthood and therefore courtier life. In 1664 he married Princess Joshi, another daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo and his consort. With her he had a son, Iehiro, and a daughter, Teruko, who was a consort of Tokugawa Ienobu, the 6th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Political career
After his entrance to the court, he served three emperors: Emperor Go-Mizunoo, Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama. Go-Mizunoo was his protector since his childhood, so his early career was prospective along with his noble lineage. But Emperor Reigen did not get along with the Tokugawa shogunate, and considered Motohiro sympathetic to the Shogunate, hence his career in Reigen's court was not as splendid. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the shogun at that time, was not warm to Ienobu at all, one of the candidates for his successor, hence also Motohiro, as the father-in-law of Ienobu.

In Higashiyama's court, Motohiro however gained power again. He served as kampaku, the most powerful courtier from 1690 to 1703. After he quit, he had his supporters, including his own son, succeed the kampaku position respectively, and kept his influence. In 1704 the Tokugawa shogunate designated Ienobu, Motohiro's son-in-law, the successor of Tsunayoshi, hence the future shogun. His relation to the shogunate was therefore strengthened. Motohiro visited Edo twice, and was even welcomed to give political opinions, however it made the terms between ex-Emperor Reigen and him worse. Emperor Reigen even cursed him at Shimogamo Shrine, and accused him of being a "bad subject who privatizes and bends laws and justice" (私曲邪佞の悪臣) in his cursing prayer. However Motohiro was not always a supporter of Shogunate politics, and publicly objected to the Shogunate over some of their pressure on the imperial court.

In 1722 he died and was buried at Daitoku-ji.

He wrote a diary from 1655 until his death, later titled Diary of Lord Motohiro (基熈公記).

References

Category:1648 births
Category:1722 deaths
Category:Fujiwara clan
Category:Konoe family


Falling Awake (song)

"Falling Awake" a promotional single by Tarja from her third album What Lies Beneath, composed by herself and Johnny Andrews.
The single was released worldwide on 19 July by Universal Music, and had a limited release. The song was produced by Tarja, being her first single released produced by herself.

On August 24, it was released on iTunes.

Content

Track listing
 "Falling Awake" (Single Version) – 4:43
 "The Good Die Young" (Tarja Version) – 5:15

Guests
There are three different versions of the song that features a different guitarist for each one. Joe Satriani plays on the album version, Jason Hook of Five Finger Death Punch is featured on the single version, and Julian Barrett appears in the free download version.

Music video
A promotional video was released featuring behind the scenes studio footage of the making of What Lies Beneath.

Chart performance

References

External links

Category:2010 singles
Category:Songs written by Johnny Andrews
Category:Tarja Turunen songs
Category:Songs written by Tarja Turunen
Category:2010 songs


John South

John Alan South (30 November 1952 – 21 December 2004) was an English footballer who played as a Midfielder in the Football League for Colchester United. He died in Spain in 2004 at the age of 52, after living there for two years with his wife, Georgina, and their young son George.

Career

Born in Bow, London, South began his career at Leyton Orient but failed to break into the first team, joining Dick Graham at Colchester United on a three-month trial. He made his debut on 26 August 1972 in a 3–1 defeat to Newport County at Layer Road. He made just four league appearances for Colchester during which Graham resigned. He played his final professional game in a 3–2 home defeat to Aldershot on 9 October before injuring his cartilage that forced him to retire from professional football. However, once recovered from the injury, South returned to football by joining non-league side Molins.

References

Category:1952 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:Footballers from Bow, London
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Leyton Orient F.C. players
Category:Colchester United F.C. players
Category:English Football League players


McEachran

McEachran may refer to:
Dave McEachran (1903–1983), Scottish footballer
Duncan McNab McEachran (1841–1924), Canadian veterinarian and academic
Very Rev Duncan Stewart McEachran (1826-1913) Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria
Grant McEachran, English footballer
Josh McEachran (born 1993), English footballer, currently playing for Brentford F.C.


Oleg Chernyshov

Oleg Vladimirovich Chernyshov (; born 23 December 1986) is a Russian professional football player who plays for FC Aktobe on loan from FC Tambov.

Club career
He made his Russian Premier League debut on 27 July 2019 for FC Tambov in a game against FC Spartak Moscow, as a 57th-minute substitute for Vladislav Kulik, at the age of 32.

On 21 February 2020, Chernyshov joined Aktobe on loan until the end of 2020.

References

External links

Category:1986 births
Category:People from Bugulma
Category:Living people
Category:Russian footballers
Category:FC Vityaz Podolsk players
Category:FC Bashinformsvyaz-Dynamo Ufa players
Category:Association football defenders
Category:FC Rubin Kazan players
Category:FC Tambov players
Category:FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
Category:Russian Premier League players
Category:FC Aktobe players
Category:Russian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan


Tuman bay

Tuman bay can refer to one of the two sultans of the Mamluk Sultanate:

 Al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Tuman bay I (1501)
 Al-Ashraf Tuman bay II (1516–1517)

See also
Tumanbay (radio drama), a historical drama podcast from BBC Radio


Gabonese Americans

Gabonese Americans are Americans of Gabonese descent. Based in the DNA analysis, at least some West African slaves from present-day Gabon arrived to the modern United States during the American colonial period.

History
During the Atlantic slave trade, approximately 65,000 of the African slaves that arrived to the United States came from the Bight of Biafra, which is partially located in what is now northern Gabon. However, most were from Nigeria and Cameroon and only a few slaves came from Gabon. About 45,000 Senegambians were settled in the coastal Low Country of the Carolinas and Georgia. During these centuries, some Africans arrived in the United States were belonging to ethnicities such as the Fang, Benga, Benza and Kota.

Later, since the abolition of slavery and independence of Gabon, a small number of Gabonese nationals have emigrated to United States from the modern Gabon. They arrived to USA fleeing the wars (which have taken place there after independence) and seeking political asylum and university studies. In United States, there about 250 Gabonese students in different colleges.

Notable people

Christelle Avomo
Aida Touré

References

Category:Gabonese diaspora
Category:Central Africans in the United States


TRIM31

Tripartite motif-containing protein 31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM31 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Its function has not been identified.

Interactions
TRIM31 has been shown to interact with TRIM23.

References

Further reading


1998 AT&T Challenge – Singles

The 1998 AT&T Challenge was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Atlanta, Georgia, United States that was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament and was held from 27 April – 3 May 1998.

Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

References

Singles
Category:Verizon Tennis Challenge


Buffalo rifle

Buffalo rifle generally refers to large-calibre, generally single-shot black powder cartridge firearms which were used to hunt the American Bison (or "buffalo") to near-extinction in the late-19th Century. Three types of rifles in particular were used by professional buffalo hunters, namely the Springfield Rifle, Remington No. 1 otherwise known simply as the Rolling block, and Sharps rifles. The Sharps was the favorite among hunters because of its accuracy at long range.

See also
.45-70
.50-70 Government
.50-90 Sharps
Long rifle

References

Category:Rifles
Category:Bison hunting
Category:Guns of the American West


Catholic Bishops and Archbishops of Sydney

This is a list of the Bishops and Archbishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney since 1842. The title also is the Catholic Primate of Australia.

List of Bishops

List of Archbishops

Auxiliary Bishops of Sydney

See also

Roman Catholicism in Australia
St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney

References

External links

Category:Catholic Church in Australia
Sydney
Roman Catholic archbishops
Roman Catholic archbishops
Bishops


John O'Brien (marine artist)

John O'Brien (1831 – 1891) was a Canadian marine artist.

O'Brien is believed to have been born at sea as his Irish family emigrated from County Cork.  He emerged as a self-taught artist in Halifax, Nova Scotia in the 1850s. O'Brien excelled at ship portraits and dramatic storm scenes.  His career flourished as Nova Scotia's shipping industry grew and among his many notable paintings include a portrait of the famous clipper Stag and dramatic storm portraits of the warship [[HMS Galatea (1859)|HMS Galatea]]. O'Brien studied with English landscape artist John W. Carmichael from 1857 to 1858. At the height of his career in 1859, he suffered a partial loss of vision.  His career suffered in the 1870s, when he produced very few works, but revived in the 1880s.

ReferencesJohn O'Brien (1831-1891), by Patrick Condon Laurette, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, (1984)
"Ship Portraits Sail into View", The Beaver'', March 21–27, 2008

External links
Dan Conlin “Ominous Sky: The Stormy Career and Work of Marine Artist John O’Brien: 1831-1891”, Nashwaak Review, Vol. 22-23 (2010), 493-506.
"O'Brien, John Daniel O'Connell" entry in Dictionary of Canadian Biography
O'Brien at the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia
O'Brien at the National Gallery of Canada

Category:1831 births
Category:1891 deaths
Category:19th-century Canadian painters
Category:Artists from Nova Scotia
Category:Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Nova Scotia
Category:Canadian marine artists
Category:People from Halifax, Nova Scotia


Im Nin'alu

"Im Nin'alu" () is a Hebrew poem by 17th-century Rabbi Shalom Shabazi. It has been set to music and sung by Israeli singer Ofra Haza and others. Haza first performed this song with the Shechunat Hatikva Workshop Theatre, appearing on television on IBA's General Television in 1978. She went on to become famous in Europe with the song in 1987, when a remixed version of the song, produced by Izhar Ashdot, reached the Top Ten in various countries. The single reached number-one in Finland, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and West Germany, where it topped the charts for nine weeks in the summer of 1988. In the UK, the track was a Top 20 hit, peaking at number 15; and in the US it reached number 15 on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart and number 18 on Hot Modern Rock Tracks. British duo Coldcut produced a remix of Eric B. & Rakim's "Paid In Full" which heavily sampled "Im Nin'alu". The single reportedly sold some three million copies worldwide, making it one of the first world music recordings to cross over to mainstream pop chart success. The original version was included on the 1984 album Yemenite Songs, also known as Fifty Gates of Wisdom. The remixed version was part of her international debut Shaday of 1988. A version recorded in 1978 along with the Sadnat Te'atron Shechunat Hatikva (Hatikva Neighborhood Workshop Theatre) is available on YouTube.

Even though Haza's version of the song shows her own interpretation, and its presentation was modern and popular, it still fits in with the Yemenite tradition that she represented. In 1997 Haza re-recorded the track for her eponymous album Ofra Haza, produced by Frank Peterson of Enigma and Gregorian. The German promo 12" for the album's lead single "Show Me" also featured two remixes of "Im Nin'Alu". And in 2008 two new remixes were included on the greatest hits compilation Forever Ofra Haza – Her Greatest Songs Remixed.

The international follow-up single to "Im Nin'Alu (Played In Full)" in 1988 was a remix of the track "Galbi", also originally from the Yemenite Songs album.

Poem "Im Nin'alu"
The poem opens with the words

Official versions and remixes
1984
 Original recording, Yemenite Songs album a.k.a. Traditional Version - 5:18

1988
 Shaday Album Mix (Played In Full 7" Mix - English Vocal - Edited) - 3:29
 Played In Full Edit (Ariola Records 7", West Germany) - 3:53
 Played In Full 7" Mix - 4:05
 Played In Full 7" Mix - English Vocal - 4:05
 Played In Full - 7" Yemen Vocal (Teldec 7", West Germany) - 4:50
 Played In Full Mix (12") - 5:45
 Instrumental Dub (U.S. 12") - 5:49
 Extended Mix (12") - 6:40
 Gates of Heaven Mix (Mark Kamins and Frank Inglese, U.S. 12") - 6:54

1997
 "Im Nin'alu 2000" - 1997 re-recording, album Ofra Haza - 3:38
 1997 Re-Recording - Ofra Goes To Hollywood Mix ("Show Me" Promo 12", Germany) - 5:15
 1997 Re-Recording - Some Skunk Funk Remix ("Show Me" Promo 12", Germany) - 7:30

2008
 2008 Version, album Forever Ofra Haza - Her Greatest Songs Remixed
 Unplugged Mix, album Forever Ofra Haza - Her Greatest Songs Remixed
 Bridge Mix, album Forever Ofra Haza - Her Greatest Songs Remixed
 Brixxton Squad Mix, album Forever Ofra Haza - Her Greatest Songs Remixed

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Samples and other versions
The song was prominently sampled in the chorus of the 'Seven Minutes of Madness' remix of the rap duo Eric B. & Rakim's 1987 single "Paid In Full" and Snoop Dogg used the same sample on his remake of "Paid In Full" titled "Paper'd Up" from his album Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$.

Canadian band Delerium sample the lyrics in their song "Hidden Mask", from the 1989 album Faces, Forms & Illusions.

American rap group Public Enemy also sampled the opening few seconds of the song (which are a cappella) on the track "Can't Truss It", featured on the 1991 album Apocalypse '91...The Enemy Strikes Black.

In 1998 Swedish DJ team C&N Project included a sample of the opening line "Im nin'alu" on their single "The Queen of Tel Aviv", which was credited to C&N Project Featuring Ofra Haza.

Israeli singer Michal Cohen performs "Im Nin'alu" on La Kahena (2005) by DJ Cheb i Sabbah.

In the album Confessions on a Dance Floor and in The Confessions Tour by Madonna (2007) the track "Isaac" includes a portion of the poem.

"Im Nin'alu" is the opening track on Eliyahu & The Qadim Ensemble's album Eastern Wind (2009), with lead vocals by Rachel Valfer.

In 2009 Panjabi MC remixed this song on his album named Indian Timing.

In 2012, jazz quartet Third World Love performed a version of Im Nin'alu on their album Songs and Portraits.

In 2014, Ishay Ribo released a version of the song on his debut album.

In 2018 the song was recorded by Israeli pop artist Harel Skaat.

References

External links
 "Im Ninalu" by Aharon Amram
 Full text of the original poem in Hebrew

Category:1988 singles
Category:Israeli songs
Category:European Hot 100 Singles number-one singles
Category:Number-one singles in Germany
Category:Number-one singles in Norway
Category:Number-one singles in Switzerland
Category:Ofra Haza songs
Category:Yemenite Jewish songs
Category:World music songs
Category:Year of song unknown
Category:Ariola Records singles


Kermit Tesoro

Kermit Tesoro
(born June 15, 1988 in Manila, Philippines) is a Filipino visual, installation, accessory, and fashion designer known for his wide range of styles where 'installation art meets body art'. He is notable for designing elaborate shoes inspired from environs and wildlife, clothes with kinky Filipinized nature patterns and bases, and installations which use tied-up living human bodies as a form of fetish art.

Early life

Tesoro had a liking for horticulture since his childhood days, collecting various plant species as he grew up. When he came to the University of the Philippines Diliman, however, he took up a degree in fine arts instead and used horticulture as one of his main inspirations in art. In later years, many of his shoes would be honed from the physical characteristics of plants, along with his own interpretation of fetishism. After finishing his degree in 2008, he studied Spanish at the Instituto Cervantes de Manila. He also took a course in marketing at the SoFa Design Institute, the Philippines' first design college. In 2012, he studied fashion design at the University of the Arts London Central Saint Martins in the United Kingdom.

Career

Tesoro initially came into prominence through his sophisticated shoes that were used by Lady Gaga in many of her tours. He has used various mediums in his shoes such as wood, plaster, steel, leather, industrial resin, coral, and human bones and teeth, all of which have been inspired from natural environs and things found in specific environments. The first artwork he made were 9-inch Filipino clogs or bakya. He made them after being inspired by John Galliano’s work with Dior.

In 2009, his art were exhibited by the Alliance Francaise de Manille from Paris titled "Portraits of Shoes, Stories of Feet" (Portraits de Chaussures, Histoires de Pieds): Group Show at the Yuchengco Museum Ayala Makati.

In 2011, his art premiered in New York City through the Shoes for Lady Gaga x Gilt Groupe exhibit. He also collaborated with Leeroy New for Lady Gaga's outfit (PFW Holiday 2010) for Marry the Night video and single cover. He was commissioned to design the film and theater costumes of Chris Millado's Zsa Zsa Zaturnnah Ze Musical at the CCP Complex.

He has participated in the 2012 Metrowear Fashion Show and the Philippine Fashion Week: Holiday 2012, along with getting accepted in the University of the Arts London Central Saint Martins College of Arts & Design. He designed the glass beaded body armor for Lady Gaga's Born This Way Ball Tour in Thailand and other costumes used in her Manila tour. A conservative Christian cult group in the Philippines has criticized Tesoro's skull works as 'demonic' as it was used by Lady Gaga. Tesoro retaliated with a new set of provocative art which gained international prominence.

In 2013, his works were exhibited in the Netherlands through the Mode Biennale Arnhem (MoBA) - Fetishism in Fashion, launching his career in Europe. His works were featured in the Philippines by ABS-CBN through one of its variety shows. Many of his art were acknowledged by the design industries in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Austria and Germany, and later featured in ELLE US. In 2014, Tesoro was part of an exhibition in Spielzeug Welten Museum in Basel, Switzerland.

In 2015, after travelling to museums in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Italy, The Vatican, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Ireland, France, and Switzerland, Tesoro began creating a new set of art, including the iconic tentacle shoes, Polypodis, which would propel his career in Europe further.

In 2017, Forbes featured Tesoro and his works, where he admitted that his works are 'a reflection of erotica and even fetishism, particularly how humans tap into their own sexuality'. He also explained the reason for his elaborate and sometimes disturbing shoes, stating that he used it to express 'mockery of people who used fashion as a way to impress and not as a form of expression'. The magazine called Tesoro the "Avant-Garde Philippine Shoe Artist". His works were exhibited in Cube Design Museum, in The Netherlands after travelling around the Philippines for inspiration on a new set of art.

In 2018, his Polypodis and Equilibria pieces were exhibited in Germany in Schloss & Park Lichtenwalde, a 'stage for artistic attitudes, high craftsmanship of international artists and designers'. His work was within the exhibition entitled "HIGH HEELS—The High Art of Shoes".

Personal life
Tesoro lives with a dozen cats. He has a passion for horticulture and art, garnering a collection of cacti, succulents, and carnivorous plants. Most of his works have been inspired by 'his childhood fixations, world history, nature, science, fetishism and human behavior'.

Tesoro is a fan of the Art Nouveau movement. He cited Alphonse Maria Mucha as his inspiration for visual arts; Nicolas Ghesquière, Riccardo Tisci, Alexander McQueen, and Ramon Valera for fashion; and Sebastian Bach for music. He considers Atang dela Rama, Pacita Delos Reyes, and Rosario Melgar de Luna as style icons. He has described his art as an art that translates 'people's deviations'. Many of his art have exhibited elaborate kinky motifs with hints of vernacular plant designs.

References

Category:Filipino fashion designers
Category:University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Category:1988 births
Category:People from Manila
Category:Living people


Hegesippus

Hegesippos () or Latinized Hegesippus, may refer to:

 Hegesippus (orator)
 Hegesippus of Halicarnassus
 Saint Hegesippus (chronicler)
 Pseudo-Hegesippus


Dillwynella

Dillwynella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Skeneidae.

Description
The minute, depressed, porcellanous shell has a thin horny operculum. It consists of comparatively few whorls. The shell is imperforate, but with a depression bounded by a riblet in the umbilical rib outside of the columella. The few whorls have a thin fugacious epidermis. The outer lip is thin . The columella has no teeth, projections, or folds, passing smoothly into the anterior margin.

Species
Species within the genus Dillwynella include:
 † Dillwynella aulacophora Cossmann, 1913
 Dillwynella fallax Hasegawa, 1997
 Dillwynella haptricola B.A. Marshall, 1988
 † Dillwynella houzeaui Cossmann, 1913
 Dillwynella ingens B.A. Marshall, 1988
 Dillwynella lignicola B.A. Marshall, 1988
 Dillwynella modesta (Dall, 1889)
 Dillwynella planorbis Hasegawa, 1997
 Dillwynella sheisinmaruae Hasegawa, 1997
 † Dillwynella texana G. Harris, 1895
 Dillwynella vitrea Hasegawa, 1997
 Dillwynella voightae Kunze, 2011

References

 Kunze T. (2011) Dillwynella voightae new species, a new skeneimorph gastropod (Turbinidae) from the western Atlantic and a new record of Dillwynella modesta (Dall, 1889). The Nautilus 125(1): 36-40.

External links

Category:Skeneidae


Pigeon Bay

Pigeon Bay is a body of water that lies between Minnesota, United States and Ontario, Canada and is part of Lake Superior. The international boundary between the two countries lies in the middle of the bay.  The name of "Pigeon" Bay was most likely from the prevalence of the passenger pigeon which was common in the US/Canada border region.

Grand Portage State Park is on the Minnesota side of the bay, and Pigeon River is on the Ontario side of the bay.

References

External links

 Grand Portage State Park
 Pigeon River Provincial Park
Height of Land Portage at Google Maps

Category:Border rivers
Category:Canada–United States border
Category:Rivers of Cook County, Minnesota
Category:International rivers of North America
Category:Rivers of Minnesota
Category:Rivers of Thunder Bay District
Category:Tributaries of Lake Superior


Dead Man Walking (opera)

Dead Man Walking is the first opera composed by American Jake Heggie, with a libretto by playwright Terrence McNally. Based on the book of the same name by Sister Helen Prejean, C.S.J., the work premiered on October 7, 2000, at the War Memorial Opera House, produced by the San Francisco Opera.

Performance history
The 2000 premiere production was commissioned by then-General Director Lotfi Mansouri. The stage director was Joe Mantello. Sets, costumes and lighting were designed by Michael Yeargan, Sam Fleming, and Jennifer Tipton, respectively.

The Australian premiere and first performance outside the United States took place in August 2003 at the State Opera of South Australia, with Kirsti Harms as Sister Helen and Teddy Tahu Rhodes as Joseph De Rocher.  Sister Helen Prejean was in the audience. The production was nominated for six Helpmann Awards, winning two: "Best Set Design" and "Best Male in an Operatic Performance". The opera has since been performed numerous times across the United States and in other countries.

The Canadian premiere took place in January 2006 in Calgary, Alberta, with Daniel Okulitch in the role of Joseph De Rocher. The European premiere was given in May 2006 at the Semperoper in Dresden, Germany. The same production had its opening night on September 26, 2007, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna and also played at the Malmö Opera in Malmö, Sweden. In 2007 it was revived for limited run at the State Theatre in Sydney and that same year was given its university and Rocky Mountain regional premiere at the University of Colorado at Boulder. It was also produced in St. Louis, Missouri, by the Union Avenue Opera Company in 2011.

A new orchestration of the opera, for 31 musicians, prepared under Jake Heggie's direction, was premiered at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts Theater in San Francisco in February 2015 by Opera Parallèle. The UK staged premiere took place at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland in May 2019, with Carolyn Holt as Sister Helen and Mark Nathan as Joseph de Rocher.

OperaDelaware is performing Dead Man Walking April 28 and May 4, 2019 as part as their 2019 Festival.

The opera received a new production in March 2016 in New Orleans Opera, starring baritone Michael Mayes. The production, created by director Tomer Zvulun, traveled to The Atlanta Opera in March 2019, where it was performed by an all star cast, including Jamie Barton, Michael Mayes, Maria Zifchak, Jay Hunter Morris, Kevin Burdette and Karen Slack.

The opera was performed at the Israeli Opera in December 2019, in the same production by Tomer Zvulun. It feature Mayes and Zifchak, as well as the role debut of Maya Lahyani.

A new production staged by Ivo van Hove will be presented at the Metropolitan Opera between April 8 and May 2, 2021, which will also be part of the Live in HD program of the season.

Roles

Synopsis
Place: Louisiana
Time: 1980s

Prologue: A teenage boy and a teenage girl are parked near a secluded lake at night, on a date. They have the radio on in their car, and are making out to its music. The De Rocher brothers, hiding nearby, emerge from the shadows, quietly. One turns the radio off; the two brothers attack the teens. Anthony grabs the boy, who begins struggling; Joseph attacks the girl and begins to rape her. The boy continues struggling until Anthony shoots him once, at the base of the skull, execution-style; this causes the girl to scream. In a panic, Joseph stabs her until she is silent.

Act 1
Scene 1: Hope House, Sister Helen's mission, run by the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille

Sister Helen, with the aid of some of the other sisters, is teaching the children a hymn; this hymn, "He Will Gather Us Around", becomes Helen's leitmotif during the course of the opera. After the children leave, Helen reveals to her colleagues that she has heard from an inmate on death row with whom she has been corresponding. He has asked her to be his spiritual adviser through his execution, and she has decided to accept. The sisters are shocked, warning Helen of the dangers of her position, but she is firm.

Scene 2: The drive to the prison

Helen drives to Louisiana State Penitentiary (Angola) and muses on her acceptance of De Rocher's request. She is stopped by a motorcycle policeman for speeding, but he lets her off with a warning after a short humorous soliloquy; "I never gave a ticket to a nun before. Gave a ticket to an IRS agent once… got audited that year. Tell you what…"

Scene 3: Angola State Prison

Helen arrives at the prison and is met by Father Grenville, the prison chaplain, who conducts her inside.

Scene 4: Father Grenville's office

Father Grenville criticizes Sister Helen's choice to work with De Rocher, claiming that the man is unreachable; he tells her that she's in over her head. Helen responds that it is her duty to attempt to help the man. Father Grenville leaves her to meet with Warden Benton, who asks many of the same questions and also criticizes her decision. He conducts her to Death Row to meet with De Rocher.

Scene 5: Death Row

Warden Benton and Sister Helen walk through Death Row to reach the visiting room. They're heckled by the inmates (chorus) who in turn shout profanities at her and ask her to say prayers for them.

Scene 6: Death Row visiting room

Warden Benton conducts De Rocher into the visiting room. He is friendly and easy-going. They converse; he asks her to speak at the pardon board hearing on his behalf to have his sentence commuted to life. He seems convinced that she will not return to help him; she assures him that such is not the case.

Scene 7: The pardon board hearing

Sister Helen is present with De Rocher's mother and two of his younger brothers, who plead with the pardon board on his behalf. One of Joseph's victims' parents lashes out at her in anger.

Scene 8: The courthouse parking lot

The four parents of De Rocher's victims speak angrily to his mother and to Sister Helen, who tries to calm both sides. The parents accuse her of not understanding their pain and sorrow. Word comes from the pardon board; De Rocher has not been granted commutation. Barring intercession from the governor for clemency, he is to die for his crime.

Scene 9: Death Row visiting room

De Rocher is convinced that Helen has abandoned him; she enters, late, and tells him that she has not and will not. He is angry and rejects all her suggestions to confess and make peace with his actions. The warden enters and tells Helen to leave at once.

Scene 10: The prison waiting room

Helen is trying to find money to buy food from the vending machine, having forgotten to eat. She begins to hear the voices, in her head, of the parents, the children at Hope House, Father Grenville, the motorcycle policeman, Warden Benton, and her colleagues, all telling her to stop trying to help De Rocher. The warden enters to tell her that the governor has refused to act to save him, and gives Helen some money for the machine. She stands for a moment, then faints.

Act 2
Scene 1: Joseph De Rocher's prison cell

A guard enters and tells De Rocher, who is doing pushups, that his execution date has been set for August 4. The guard leaves; Joseph muses on his fate.

Scene 2: Sister Helen's bedroom

Helen wakes up in terror from a nightmare, alarming Sister Rose, who begs her to stop working with De Rocher. Rose reminds her that she has not slept well since she began helping him. Helen says she cannot; the two women pray for the strength to forgive De Rocher.

Scene 3: Joseph's cell

It is the evening of the date set for the execution. De Rocher and Sister Helen are talking; they discover they share a common love for Elvis. For the first time he admits that he is afraid. She reassures him, urging him to confess and make peace with what he has done; again he refuses. The warden enters and informs them that his mother is there to see him.

Scene 4: The visiting room

Mrs. De Rocher and her two younger sons have arrived. Joseph visits with them, and tries to apologize; she does not hear him, preferring to believe to the end that he is innocent. She complains that she baked him cookies, but was not allowed to bring them in. She asks Helen to take a last picture of the four of them together with the camera in her purse. The guards lead Joseph away; she looks after him, reminiscing, near tears, eventually losing control. She thanks Helen for all that she has done; Helen promises to take the cookies for her.

Scene 5: Outside the Death House

Helen speaks with the victims' parents. One of them, Owen Hart, takes her aside and confesses that he is less sure of what he wants now than he was; he tells her that he and his wife have separated due to the stress they have felt. Helen tries to console him; they agree to part as "Fellow victims of Joseph De Rocher".

Scene 6/7: Joseph's holding cell

Helen and De Rocher converse for the last time; she asks him to confess to the murders. This time, something in him snaps; he breaks down and tells her the entire story. He expects Helen to hate him; instead, she says she forgives him, and that she will be "the face of love" for him. He thanks her. Father Grenville enters and begins the final preparations for the execution.

Scene 8: March to the execution chamber/The execution chamber

Guards, inmates, the warden, the parents, the chaplain, and protesters assembled outside the prison sing the Lord's Prayer as Sister Helen reads a passage from the book of Isaiah. They approach the death chamber, and Helen is separated from De Rocher. The warden asks if he has any last words; he says he does, and asks forgiveness from the parents of the murdered teenagers. The warden gives the nod, and the execution proceeds. De Rocher dies thanking Helen once again for her love; the opera ends as she stands over his body and sings her hymn one last time.

Critical reaction
Critical reaction to the opera was generally favorable; in particular, critics praised the sharp, finely delineated performances by the principals and the simple yet effective production. "It was a triumph beyond what even its most optimistic boosters could have predicted" wrote the San Francisco Chronicle'''s critic. "The reason for the work's appeal lies in its almost perfect fusion of ideas and emotions," wrote The Australian in 2007.

Many also found that McNally's libretto to be among the most finely crafted in recent memory: "the splendid libretto – by turns plainspoken and eloquent, with wonderful splashes of wry humor to lighten the tone when it most needs it – creates the structural backbone of this wrenching drama". Although not all of it has been set to music, McNally gave the libretto to Heggie with the express instructions to use whatever portions of it he felt necessary, and to discard the rest.

Recordings
2002 live recording:Susan Graham as Sister Helen,  Frederica von Stade, as the murderer's mother, John Packard as the condemned man, conducted Patrick Summers. Taken from the world premiere run of performances. Erato/Warner Classics,  2-CD set, cat. no. 8573-86238 .
2010 live recording: Joyce DiDonato as Sister Helen, Houston Grand Opera also conducted Patrick Summers, 2-CD set was issued by Virgin Classics/EMI, in 2010, cat. no. 50999 6 02463 2 5

References

External links
 Faires, Robert, "Arias From Death Row", The Austin Chronicle,'' 6 December 2002.

Category:Operas by Jake Heggie
Category:Libretti by Terrence McNally
Category:English-language operas
Category:Operas set in the United States
Category:Operas
Category:2000 operas
Category:Operas based on real people
Category:Operas set in the 20th century
Category:Death in music
Category:Opera world premieres at San Francisco Opera


Bularchus

Bularchus was an Ancient Greek painter; Pliny indicates that he was working in the 8th century BC, during the reign of Candaules, King of Lydia.

Life
Bularchus'  Battle of the Magnesians, is the earliest picture of which the ancient writers have left a description. The artist appears to have flourished in the late 8th century BC, as, according to Pliny, this picture was purchased for as much gold as would cover its surface by Candaules, King of Lydia, who died in about 700 B.C.

After Bularchus we encounter a gap of upwards of two centuries and a half in the history of Greek painting. It appears, however, that it was practised on the island of Rhodes, at the time of Anacreon, who lived about 600 years before Christ. That poet, in his twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth Odes, mentions the practice of  encaustic painting.

References

Sources

Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:Year of death unknown
Category:8th-century BC people
Category:Ancient artists
Category:Lydia
Category:Ancient Greek artists


The Western Express

The Western Express was a country-music radio show transmitted by KCNC in Fort Worth, Texas. The show started in 1947, hosted by disk jockey Charlie Williams. In 1956, the station later hired Willie Nelson, a then struggling singer-songwriter who previously worked on different radio stations. Nelson hosted the three-hour-long show singing his original songs, taking calls and playing records.

After moving to Portland, Oregon, Nelson hosted the show for KVAN, in Vancouver, Washington. Initially on a morning one-hour slot, Nelson limited the format to only play records. Through public appearances, he became a popular DJ, eventually moving to a four-hour-long slot. The show was cancelled in 1957, after KVAN switched the programming format from country music to rock and roll.

Beginnings

The Western Express started in 1947, being aired by KCNC in Fort Worth, Texas and hosted by disk jockey Charlie Williams. Upon Williams' sudden move to California in 1956,  the station hired Willie Nelson, who previously worked short stints in local stations. Besides of sign-on shift, Nelson took The Western Express, the three-hour afternoon show that ran from 12:00 to 15:00.

During the first half-hour, he performed his original songs with the accompaniment of his guitar, while he played records for the remaining of the show. Nelson was also joined on the show by his guitarist, Oliver English; drummer Tony Roznozky; and Nelson's later to-be drummer and Oliver's brother, Paul English. The program also featured Nelson taking calls from his listeners on the area.

Texas Willie Nelson
Later the same year, Nelson moved to Portland, Oregon. He was hired by KVAN in Vancouver, Washington, where he hosted the show from 13:30 to 14:30. Nelson removed his singing from the format, and limited himself to only play records. While he was off-the-air, Nelson sold airtime for publicity on his show. Dubbed, "Wee Willie Nelson" and "Texas Willie Nelson", he started to make public appearances. Due to his high popularity, Nelson's time slot was changed to 10:00 - 14:00, becoming the most listened radio personality on the Portland-Vancouver area.

On February 1957, Nelson used the studios of the radio make his first recordings. He cut his original "No Place for Me", along with Leon Payne's "Lumberjack". Upon sending the recordings to Starday Records in Houston, Texas, he sold the records pressed under the "Willie Nelson label" on The Western Express. Nelson also made extra profits by promoting other acts on the air, while he earned US$40 a week.

Nelson met and interviewed on his show publicist and songwriter Mae Boren Axton. After expressing his admiration for Boren, Nelson played for her on his reel-tape recorder the work in progress of his original "Family Bible" to know her opinion. Impressed, Axton encouraged Nelson to continue to pursue his songwriting career by going to Nashville. By this time, and due to his high popularity, Nelson demanded a raise that was denied by the station. He quit the show soon after. The Western Express was cancelled and KVAN later changed its programming format from country music to the newborn rockabilly. Nelson left the radio business, focusing in his recordings and live performances.

Footnotes

References

Category:Willie Nelson
Category:American country music radio programs
Category:1940s American radio programs
Category:1950s American radio programs


Spun Gold

Spun Gold is the fourteenth studio album by American country artist Barbara Mandrell. The album was released in July 1983 on MCA Records and was produced by Tom Collins. Spun Gold produced two major hit singles on the Billboard Country Singles chart in 1983.

Background and content
Spun Gold was recorded in February 1983 in Nashville, Tennessee and contained ten tracks of new recordings. The album mainly consisted of Country pop-influenced material mixed with song themes that discuss the hardships of working-class people. It included a duet with country artist Steve Wariner entitled "Overnight Sensation". Allmusic reviewer Greg Adams compared background guitar on the track "In Times Like These" to the guitar "riff" on Ike & Tina Turner's single, "Proud Mary". He also considered the single, "One of a Kind Pair of Fools" to have a "strong hook and pure pop production". Overall, Adams only gave the release two out five stars, calling the material "disco-era glitz". Adams also found the album's cover to be displeasing saying, "Meanwhile, Mandrell is decked out on the album cover like a high-fashion model in gold lame'. Dolly Parton has always been able to negotiate these kinds of apparent contradictions, but Mandrell does not have the same gift."

Spun Gold was issued on an LP album in its original release, with five songs on each side of the record.

Release
Spun Gold spawned two singles in 1983. The lead single from the album was the opening track "In Times Like These". The song was released to radio in March 1983 and reached a peak of number 4 on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Songs chart and number 6 on the RPM Canadian Country chart. The second single "One of a Kind (A Pair of Fools)" was released in July 1983 and became Mandrell's final number one single on the Billboard Country Singles Chart and also reached the same position on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart. Spun Gold was also released in 1983 and peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and number 140 on the Billboard 200 albums chart.

Track listing
Side one
"In Times Like These" (Kye Fleming, Dennis Morgan) – 2:58
"As Well As Can Be Expected" (Fleming, Morgan) – 3:23
"One of a Kind Pair of Fools" (R. C. Bannon, John Bettis) – 2:48
"Only Now and Then" (Don Pfrimmer, Mike Reid) – 3:22
"You Are No Angel" (Roberto Danova, Grant Blair) – 2:57

Side two
"A Man's Not a Man ('Til He's Loved by a Woman)" (Steve Dean, Frank J. Myers) – 3:15
"Overnight Sensation" (Jerry Fuller) – 3:16
with Steve Wariner
"Loveless" (Fleming, Morgan) – 3:07
"Bad Boys" (Diane Warren) – 2:54
"Cryin' All the Way to the Bank" (Fleming, Morgan) – 3:35

Personnel
From Spun Gold album jacket.

Musicians
Pete Bordonali – electric guitar, mandolin, sitar
David Briggs – piano, Rhodes piano
Larry Byrom – electric guitar
Jimmy Capps – rhythm guitar
Tom Collins – organ
Sonny Garrish – steel guitar
David Hungate – bass guitar
Michael Jones – steel guitar
Shane Keister – synthesizer
Mike Leech – bass guitar
Randy McCormick – organ
Dennis Morgan – rhythm guitar
Nashville String Machine – strings
Bobby Ogdin – piano, Rhodes piano, synthesizer
Larry Paxton – bass guitar
James Stroud – drums
Reggie Young – electric guitar

Background vocals
Steve Brantley
Robert Byrne
The Cherry Sisters (Sherry Huffman, Lisa Silver, and Diane Tidwell)
Pat Childs
Bruce Dees
Jim Ferguson
Greg Gordin
Larry Keith
Mary Ann Lomax

Technical
Tom Collins – producer
Tim Farmer – engineer
Archie Jordan – string arrangement
Les Ladd – engineer
Barbara Mandrell – producer
Denny Purcell – mastering
D. Bergen White – string arrangement

Charts

Weekly charts

Singles

References

Category:1983 albums
Category:Barbara Mandrell albums
Category:MCA Records albums
Category:Albums produced by Tom Collins (record producer)


Liberation Day (Lebanon)

Liberation Day is a Lebanese holiday celebrated on May 25.

On May 25, 2000, the Israeli army withdrew from territory in Southern Lebanon, marking the end of the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000). The withdrawal was mostly because of the group Hezbollah, led by Sayed Hasan Nasrallah, and is celebrated as an important day in the history of Lebanon. The United Nations certified that the withdrawal was complete, with troops having left territory demarcated by the Blue Line. Lebanon disputed the completion of withdrawal, claiming that the Blue Line did not match with its international borders in a region between it and Syria called the Shebaa Farms.

See also
South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)
Israeli-Lebanese conflict
Liberation Day in other countries
Shebaa farms

References

Category:Remembrance days
Category:Public holidays in Lebanon
Category:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
Category:May observances


Juan Pablo Faúndez

Juan Pablo Faúndez (born 2 November 1975) is a Chilean sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Chilean male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Chile
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:South American Games bronze medalists for Chile
Category:South American Games medalists in athletics
Category:Competitors at the 1998 South American Games


Rainfall in Karnataka

The state of Karnataka in India has a bittersweet relationship with rains. While its regions of Malnad and Coastal Karnataka receive copious amount of rainfall; its north Bayaluseemae region in the Deccan Plateau is one of the most arid regions in the country. Most of the rains received in the state is during the monsoon season. Being an agrarian economy with a large percentage of its citizens engaged in agriculture, the failure of rains can have a crippling effect on the economy of the state. Apart from the benefits in agriculture, the Government of Karnataka has tried to avail other benefits of rainfall using scientific methods. An example of this is the project, Rainwater Harvesting in Rural Karnataka which is initiated by the Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology and is one of the largest rainwater harvesting projects in the world. Agumbe in the Shimoga district , Amagaon in Belgaum District, Hulikal again in Shimoga district and Talakaveri in Madikeri are some of the known places with the highest annual rainfall in South India. Of this Amagaon has received over 10000 mm rain fall twice in 10 years.

Agumbe and Hulikal in Shivamogga District of Western Ghat region is considered as "Cheerapunji of South India" but still some places in Western Ghats region had resulted much more rainfall than these two villages. Amagaon in Belgaum District recorded magical number of 10,068mm in the year 2010 , Mundrote in Kodagu district recorded 9974mm in the year 2011.

The table below compares rainfall  between Agumbe in Thirthahalli taluk in Shimoga district, Hulikal in Hosanagara taluk in Shimoga district, Amagaon in Khanapur Taluk in Belgaum district and Talacauvery  and Mundrote in Madikeri taluk in Kodagu district, Kokalli of Sirsi Taluk ,Nilkund of Siddapur Taluk, CastleRock of Supa(Joida) Taluk in Uttara Kannada District, Kollur in Udupi District to show which one can be called the "Cherrapunji of South India".

The following were the top 5 places that recorded highest rainfall in statistics [2010-2017]
The following places recorded highest rainfall with respect to each year [2010-2017]

Importance
The economy of Karnataka is mainly agrarian and most of it is dependent on the rainfall; mainly the southwest monsoon. The extent of arid land in the state is second only to Rajasthan. Only 26.5% of sown area (30,900 km²) is subjected to irrigation and hence the rest of the cultivated land is entirely dependent on rainfall. Rainfall also influences the quantity of water available in the rivers which in turn influences the amount of drinking water available to the population and the amount of electricity that can be generated in the hydroelectric power stations in the state. The importance of rainfall is such that Karnataka sometimes had to resort to costly artificial methods like cloud seeding in order to induce rain artificially. Rainfall is also crucial to recharge the depleting ground water and Karnataka has come up with innovative methods like rainwater harvesting in order to solve the drinking water scarcity in the state.

Rainwater harvesting
Karnataka is a pioneer in the concept of rainwater harvesting with The Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST) implementing one of the largest rainwater harvesting projects in the world. 23683 schools in rural Karnataka were selected for this project with the main goal of providing drinking water by using the method of rooftop harvesting. In this project, rainwater collected on the rooftop is channeled through a system of PVC pipes and stored in an enclosed surface tank. The pipeline consists of a first-flush filter which flushes out the first rainfall along with other contaminants that may exist on the roof and then subsequent cleaner rainwater is allowed to pass on to the tank. A sand bed filter is used to further eliminate impurities in the water before it gets collected in the tank. Further precautions are taken to prevent dust and insects from entering the tank.

Consequences

Deficient rainfall
A year of deficient rainfall leads to the following consequences:
 Agricultural output will be impacted: While this has a direct impact on the economy of the state, it also leads to other social issues like the suicide of farmers. Due to the crop failure, the farmers would not be in a position to repay the loans they had taken for agriculture and few of them take an extreme step of suicide.
 Drinking water scarcity: A lot of towns and cities in Karnataka are dependent on rivers for the supply of drinking water and any deficiency in rainfall leads to lesser amount of drinking water being supplied to the homes.
 Shortage of electricity: Deficient rainfall leads to a drop in the amount of electricity produced by hydroelectric projects and hence drastic measures like compulsory power cuts have to be employed to counter this shortage.

Excess rainfall
Heavy rains can lead to a significant loss of life and property and also cause damage to the crops. Excess rains also cause an impact in major cities with inundated roads causing traffic jams. An example of this was in the year 2005 when the Madivala lake overflowed on to the Hosur Road in Bangalore forcing many schools and offices to close.

Rainfall distribution
The average annual rainfall in Karnataka is 1248 mm. The state is divided into three meteorological zones viz. North Interior Karnataka, South Interior Karnataka and Coastal Karnataka. Coastal Karnataka with an average annual rainfall of 3456 mm is one of the most rainy regions in the country. Contrasting this, the region of South Interior Karnataka and North Interior Karnataka receive only 1286 and 731 mm of average annual rainfall.

Districts
The average annual rainfall in the districts of Karnataka varies from 562 mm in the Bagalkot district to 4119 mm in the Udupi District. Bagalkot, Chitradurga and Koppal are the districts which receive the least rainfall whereas Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Chickmagalur and Shivamogga districts receive the heaviest rainfall.

Notes

Category:Environment of Karnataka
Category:Climate of India


Garehimageh

Garehimageh (, also Romanized as Garehīmageh) is a village in Kakavand-e Gharbi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 4 families.

References

Category:Towns and villages in Delfan County