SASS-C

SASS-C is an acronym for "Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre". SASS-C Service is part of Eurocontrol Surveillance Tools unit.

Introduction

SASS-C Service provides two main software suites:
 VERIFication: ATC surveillance infrastructure assessment.
 PREDICTion: performance theoretical calculation of the ATC surveillance sensors.

VERIFication

Usage

There are two key functions of SASS-C VERIFication:
 evaluation of the actual performance of ATC sensors or infrastructure against different standard like Eurocontrol Specification for ATM Surveillance System Performance (ESASSP).
 incident investigation.

SASS-C VERIFication is designed to handle all current surveillance technologies (PSR, SSR, Mode-S, ADS-B, WAM) as well as trackers. Evolutions for handling drones, Multi Static Primary Surveillance (MSPSR) and Surface Movement Area-specific sensors are considered in the future.

Modules

SASS-C VERIFication is divided into many modules. The key ones are:
 IRIS: ATC surveillance data recording, decoding and statistics. In supports many framing or coding  surveillance data format. One between many: Asterix.
 OTR (Opportunity Traffic Reconstructor): build a reference trajectory based on the ATC surveillance data generated by the opportunity traffic. This module is widely inspired by the real-time tracker technologies like Kalman filter. But it takes also advantage that it works off-line: the aircraft trajectories are known over the complete dataset time window.
 CMP (Comparator evaluation suite): it is the hearth of VERIFication. The CMP module compares the ATC surveillance data against reference that can be generated by OTR or imported from external source. It generates performance indicators (e.g. detection probability, accuracy) suitable for assessment against standards like ESASSP.
 REPORT: configurable reporting and trend analysis.
 DISPlay: this module displays ATC surveillance data, reconstructed data and performance indicators on different supports like geographical view, scatter diagram, table or mosaic.

History

Since the beginning of development in 1988 based on MURATREC (1985), the SASS-C software has been under constant evolution to cope with supplementary user requirements, to cover surveillance technology upgrades and to follow software technology changes.

SASS-C v6

In version 6, both suites where included in a common package just named SASS-C.

This early version was supporting only PSR/SSR/Mode-S Radars and trackers.

VERIFication v7

Since end of 2003 and in order to prepare SASS-C for the next decade, important software re-engineering has been undertaken in conjunction with functional upgrades, with the aim to introduce up to date technologies in all relevant fields while enhancing system quality. The main functional upgrades relate to the introduction of Aircraft Derived data (Mode S and ADS-B), and multilateration technology in the Surveillance environment.

It consists into four different independent suites:

 IRIS (IOSS Recording and Import into SCDB) is the front element of SASS-C handling Surveillance Data from various sensors. The functionality comprises decoding (one between many, Asterix data format), recording and computation of statistics.
 TRES (Trajectory Reconstruction and Evaluation Suite) is the core suite of SASS-C, carrying out the reconstruction of reference trajectories from the input data, and doing the evaluation of Surveillance constituent’s performance.
 SMART (Simulator for Multi-radar Analysis from Realistic Traffic) is an upgrade of the present real-time simulator generating Surveillance data reports by sampling simulated aircraft trajectories.
 SCAS (Surveillance Coverage Analysis Suite) comprises RASCAL (RAdar Sharing CALculation) and CAPT (Coverage And Planning Tool for ADS-B and TIS-B), a new tool to aid in the positioning of ADS-B and TIS-B ground stations by assessing various communication load scenarios.

IRIS and TRES store the surveillance data in a common database.

VERIFication v8

The version 8 is the result of another re-engineering for better performance and maximum openness.

The suite has been re-organised as described in Modules sections.

PREDICTion

Taking different resolutions of Digital Terrain Elevation Data – DTED as input, PREDICTion computes the theoretical performance of ATC surveillance sensors like radars and ADS-B or WAM ground stations:
 target detection  probability
 interference between sensors
 target position accuracy

The theoretical coverage is generated in two forms that can be used in other tools like SASS-C VERIFication:
 screening files: obstacle ranges and elevations per azimuth.
 surveillance map: minimum visible altitude per cell in horizontal plane.

History

References

Further reading

Category:Air traffic control systems


State of Shock (Ted Nugent album)

State of Shock is the fifth solo studio album by American hard rock musician Ted Nugent. The album was released in May 1979, by Epic Records.

State of Shock closed a decade in which Nugent took his hard-rocking wildman persona to the top of the charts. Although the album reached the U.S. Top 20 and quickly went gold, it remains the first Nugent solo album not to attain platinum certification.

The best known track remains the album opener "Paralyzed", which was performed live on a 1980 episode of the TV show Fridays, and turned up again a year later on Great Gonzos!: The Best of Ted Nugent. Other highlights include "Saddle Sore" and "Alone," a rare "power ballad" for him, sung by Charlie Huhn.  A live show originally broadcast as an episode of King Biscuit Flower hour from this era is captured on the 1997 archive release Live at Hammersmith '79.  Unlike most King Biscuit live shows that were released on CD in the late 90's, the show was released by Nugent's record label (Epic/Legacy) rather than by King Biscuit directly.

Track listing
All songs written and arranged by Ted Nugent, except "I Want to Tell You", written by George Harrison

Personnel
Band members
 Ted Nugent – lead and rhythm guitars, lead and backing vocals, percussion
 Charlie Huhn – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar
 Walt Monaghan – bass guitar
 Cliff Davies – drums, backing vocals, producer

Additional musicians
 Leah Kilburn – backing vocals (3)

Production
 Lew Futterman – producer
 Tim Geelan – engineer
 David Gotlieb, Lou Schlossberg – assistant engineers
 David McCullough – mixing assistant
 Bob Heimall – art direction
 Gerard Huertia – lettering
 Ron Pownall – photography
 David Krebs, Steve Leber – directors

Charts
Album

Certifications

See also

Ted Nugent discography

References

Category:1979 albums
Category:Ted Nugent albums
Category:Epic Records albums


Helena Lefroy

Helena Lefroy (1820–1908) was an Irish botanist known for her discovery of the only Euphorbia peplis specimen in Ireland.

Early life
Helena Lefroy was born Helena Trench on the 27th of January 1820 in Dublin. The Trench family name originated from Thomas Trench, Dean of Kildare. Thomas was Born 10 May 1761. Married Mary Weldon of Rahinderry in the queens county. Her parents were Reverend F.S. and Lady Helena Trench. When Helena was fourteen the family moved to Kilmorony where she developed an interest in botany and gardening. Her interest for botany came from her mother. By living with her father she became fluent in many languages including French, German and Italian. Her father was the Rector of Athy and from this Helena's strong religious beliefs stemmed. Reverend Trench died on November 23, 1860 and is buried at St. John's graveyard in Athy. She also had a sister Maria Trench who became Maria Wilson after marriage. Maria, like Helena, died in 1908.

Personal life
She married Jeffry Lefroy in 1844 who was a Dean of Dromore. He was the son of the honorable Thomas Langlois Lefroy, lord chief justice of Ireland. A book of memoirs is available where it shows Thomas writing to and about his son Jeffry as well as Lefroy and their two boys. Her two sons wrote a biography where they talk about their mother and her contributions.

Her husband Jeffry was a co-author of the journal article, The Great Famine: Some Correspondence relating to Social Conditions in the Loughbrickland Area 1840-1850. This book included a number of entries of famine relief correspondence and letters from the time of the famine. From these entries the authors write notes making relevance to what was happening at the time.
Her two sons have written a book about Lefroy entitled 'Helena Lefroy some simple recollections of her life and influence'. This can be found in the National library of Ireland. There are memoirs available about her son George Alfred Lefroy who was the Bishop of Calcutta. In these memoirs it mentions how fond he was of his mother.

Botany
Lefroy was known primarily for the discovery of the purple spurge. Purple spurge is a species of Euphorbia, it usually grows on gravelly and sandy beaches. It has traces to western Europe and northern Africa. The plant is a small, prostrate plant with fours stems at the base growing between 10–20 cm long. She found this in Tramore, Waterford in 1839. Other botanists attempted to visit the area where she discovered it but they failed, which led people to believe it was very rare and now extinct. Rob Randall mentions this plant in his annual report in 1978 where he visits Lundy. He is puzzled by the fact that this plant is found on certain beaches on the island and not others.

Other discoverys
In The Natural History Review, a quarterly journal of biological science there is a reference to a Miss Trench on page 538 upon which it claims that she discovered  Acino vulgare." Found near Athy by Miss Trench, in 1838 ; and in July, 1840, in a sandy field at Portmarnock,"

Search for Euphorbia peplis
Through finding 'Euphorbia peplis', Lefroy inspired others to search for this plant species. Richard Barrington went searching for it in 1870 and 1871, but to no avail. This was followed by Trinity College, Dublin student Henry Chichester Hart in 1882, also without success. This resulted in the plant being classed as extinct.

References

 MacKay, James Townsend. Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association 1859

Category:1820 births
Category:1908 deaths
Category:Irish botanists
Category:Women botanists
Category:Irish women scientists


Dennis Canario

Dennis M. Canario (born August 18, 1960) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives representing District 71 since January 1, 2013.

Education
Canario earned his associate degree in criminal justice from Roger Williams University.

Elections
2012 When District 71 Libertarian Representative Daniel P. Gordon left the Legislature and left the seat open, Canario was unopposed for both the September 11, 2012 Democratic Primary, winning with 513 votes (51.9%) and the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 4,829 votes.

References

External links
Official page at the Rhode Island General Assembly
Campaign site

Dennis Canario at Ballotpedia
Dennis M. Canario at the National Institute on Money in State Politics

Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:American police officers
Category:Members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
Category:People from Portsmouth, Rhode Island
Category:Rhode Island Democrats
Category:Roger Williams University alumni
Category:21st-century American politicians


Christina Kalogerikou

Christina Kalogerikou (; 1885 – 3 November 1968) was an actress which she was awarded for her work in the theatre. She is descended from an acting family and acted at the National Theatre.

Biography

Christina Kalogerikou was born in 1885 and was the daughter of Pantelis Roussos and his wife Elpiniki. The two sisters, Evangelia and Anthi did a great career in the characterists of the Greek theatre. Anthi was the first wife of Nikos Miliadis, father of celebrated actor Takis Miliadis.

She married Nikolaos Koukoulas and afterwards married her second husband Panos Kalogerikos. It is believed that she married Marios Paleologos.

She was decorated as actor with Taxiarchis Evpiias. Kalogerikou died in 1968.

Artwork presentation

She played mostly in roles at the National Theatre. After World War II, she left and starred herself in movies with her most popular role was the mother of Giorgos Foudas and the noted father in-law of Melina Mercouri in Stella by Mihalis Kakogiannis, she starred in To Amaxaki in 1955 by Dinos Dimopoulos, she played a part in the bankrupt leader, on the side of Orestis Makris and Vasilis Avlonitis.

Sources
Antonis Prekas, Like the Old Cinema (Σαν Παλιό Σινεμά = San Palio Sinema), ''Syghronoi Orizontes', 2003 pg 197-98

External links

Christina Kalogerikou at pipl.com

Category:1885 births
Category:1968 deaths
Category:Greek actresses


The Gingerbread Man

The Gingerbread Man (also known as The Gingerbread Boy) is a fairy tale about a gingerbread man's escape from various pursuers and his eventual demise between the jaws of a fox.
"The Gingerbread Boy" first appeared in print in the May, 1875, issue of St. Nicholas Magazine in a cumulative tale which, like "The Little Red Hen", depends on repetitious scenes featuring an ever-growing cast of characters for its effect. According to the reteller of the tale, "A girl from Maine told it to my children. It interested them so much that I thought it worth preserving. I asked where she found it and she said an old lady told it to her in her childhood."

1875 story
In the 1875 St. Nicholas tale, a childless old woman bakes a gingerbread man, who leaps from her oven and runs away. The woman and her husband give chase, but are unable to catch him. The gingerbread man then outruns several farm workers and farm animals, while taunting them with the phrase:

 I've run away from a little old woman,
 A little old man,

 And I can run away from you, I can!

The tale ends with a fox catching and eating the gingerbread man who cries as he is devoured, "I'm quarter gone...I'm half gone...I'm three-quarters gone...I'm all gone!"

Variations on the 1875 story
The Gingerbread Man remains a common subject for American children's literature into the 21st century. The retellings often omit the original ending ("I'm quarter gone...I'm half gone...I'm three-quarters gone...I'm all gone!") and make other changes. In some variations, the fox feigns deafness, drawing the Gingerbread Man closer and closer. Then the fox snatches and devours him. In other versions, the Gingerbread Man halts in his flight at a riverbank, and after accepting the fox's offer to ferry him across, is convinced by the fox to move ever-forward toward the fox's mouth.

In some retellings, the Gingerbread Man taunts his pursuers with the famous line:
 Run, run as fast as you can!
 You can't catch me. I'm the Gingerbread Man!

Folk tales
Folk tales of the runaway food type are found in Germany, the British Isles, and Eastern Europe, as well as the United States.

In Slavic lands, a traditional character known as Kolobok () is a ball of bread dough who avoids being eaten by various animals (collected by Konstantin Ushinsky in Native Word (Rodnoye slovo) in 1864). "The Pancake" ("Pannekaken") was collected by Peter Asbjornsen and Jorgen Moe and published in Norske Folkeeventyr (1842-1844), and, ten years later, the German brothers Carl and Theodor Colshorn collected "The Big, Fat Pancake" ("Vom dicken fetten Pfannekuchen") from the Salzdahlum region and published the tale in Märchen und Sagen, no. 57, (1854). In 1894, Karl Gander collected "The Runaway Pancake" ("Der fortgelaufene Eierkuchen") from an Ögeln cottager and peddler and published the tale in Niederlausitzer Volkssagen, vornehmlich aus dem Stadt- und Landkreise Guben, no. 319. The Roule Galette story is a similar story from France.

A variation of this trope is found in the Hungarian tale "The Little Dumpling" ("A kis gömböc"), and contrary to the title the main character is not a dumpling, but the Hungarian version of head cheese. In the tale it is the gömböc that eats the others; it first consumes the family that "made" it, and then, rolling on the road, it eats various others – including a whole army – the last of whom is a swineherd. His knife opens the gömböc from the inside, and the people run home. In another variation the gömböc bursts after eating too many people. A similar Russian tale is called "The Clay Guy" (Глиняный парень). In it, an old childless couple make themselves a clay child, who first eats all their food, then them, then a number of people, until he meets a goat who offers to jump right into his mouth, but instead uses the opportunity to ram the clay guy, shattering him and freeing everyone. The Czech folk tale Otesánek (and the 2000 movie with the same name) follows a similar plot.

Joseph Jacobs published "Johnny-Cake" in his English Fairy Tales (1890), basing his tale on a version found in the American Journal of Folk-Lore. Jacobs' johnny-cake rolls rather than runs, and the fox tricks him by pretending to be deaf and unable to hear his taunting verse. In "The Wee Bannock" from More English Fairy Tales (1894), Jacobs records a Scottish tale with a bannock as hero.

Derivations and modern works
The musical The Gingerbread Man (music by Alfred Baldwin Sloane, book and lyrics by Frederic G. Ranken) opened on Broadway on Christmas Day 1905, and ran for five months. The massive production then moved to Chicago with most of its New York cast and continued a successful tour of smaller venues in the U.S. for at least another four years. In this show the titular character, a gingerbread man, is named John Dough ("John Dough" being another term for a gingerbread man that was current at the time). While the gingerbread man is not the main character, he was played by the crowd favorite Eddie Redway and caught the attention of audiences and critics. The gingerbread man idea was also heavily promoted by the producers: 25,000 dough statuettes were given away in New York City to promote the show. This John Dough had few resemblances to the Gingerbread Man of the 1875 story described above. He claims to be a scapegoat rather than a troublemaker: "They are looking for me high and low, I'm wanted for that, I'm wanted for this, For any old thing that has gone amiss." Ranken's John Dough gingerbread man has few qualms about being eaten; he seems to fear obscurity more: "A little boy buys me with a cent . . . And removes an arm or leg or two, As down his throat I gently float, How can that hopeful know, Unless he is told, That he's stowed in his hold, The original John Dough."

L. Frank Baum's John Dough and the Cherub (1906) and The Road to Oz (1909), also feature a gingerbread man named John Dough. Baum's John Dough is a life-sized creation and scared of being eaten, but ultimately sacrifices his hand to save a child's life. The Baum 1906 story also helped popularize the meme of the Gingerbread Man, although Baum's tale, like Ranken's, contained few elements of the original story.

Some tales have settings and cultural connections beyond Europe, such as Eric Kimmel's The Runaway Tortilla (2000) about a desert-roving tortilla who avoids donkeys, rattlesnakes, and buckaroos only to be defeated by crafty Señor Coyote; the Hanukkah version called The Runaway Latkes (2000) by Leslie Kimmelman; and Ying Chang Compestine's Chinese New Year tale, The Runaway Rice Cake (2001). Peter Armour's Stop That Pickle! (2005) is a tale about a runaway deli pickle. Marsupial Sue Presents "The Runaway Pancake" follows a similar plotline about a pancake whose hubris gets the best of him.
Modern twists on the tale that retain a gingerbread man as the protagonist include Janet Squires' The Gingerbread Cowboy; The Gingerbread Kid Goes to School (2002) by Joan Holub; and Lisa Campbell's The Gingerbread Girl (2006). In 1992 Jon Sciezka published The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales. "The Stinky Cheese Man" is a rendition of "The Gingerbread Man" where the stinky cheese man runs away from everyone fearing that they will eat him, when really everyone just wants to get away from his smell. In 2018 Stephen Dixon published a sequel entitled The Gingerbread Man 2: What Happened Later?.

The tale was used by The Residents in their 1994 album Gingerbread Man. Here, the gingerbread man serves as the narrator, introducing the characters in each song.

The Korean mobile game Cookie Run is inspired by this fairy tale.

The Gingerbread Man is a dangerous criminal in the Jasper Fforde Nursery Crimes series and the main antagonist in the second novel in this series, The Fourth Bear.

References

External links

Facsimile of 1875 story "The Gingerbread Boy"

Category:1875 books
Category:Fairy tales
Category:Literary characters introduced in 1875
Category:Fictional food characters
Category:Fictional humanoids
Category:Ginger
Category:Male characters in fairy tales
Category:Works originally published in St. Nicholas Magazine


2nd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment

The 2nd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment (2-320th FAR) is an inactive field artillery battalion of the United States Army. The battalion has been assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division, 11th Airborne Division and 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has participated in World War I, World War II, Vietnam, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom. The battalion inactivated in July 2015 as part of ongoing force reductions, and it personnel and equipment reflagged as the 2nd Battalion, 32nd Field Artillery Regiment

History

World War I
The 2-320th FAR's beginnings can be traced back to America's entry into the First World War. As part of the nation's mobilization, 2-320th was constituted, organized and activated in August 1917 as Battery B, 320th Field Artillery (B/320th FA). As part of the original 82nd Division, B/320th FA played a key role at Lorraine, St. Mihiel, and the Meuse Argonne region in France. Following the Armistice, the 320th FA demobilized, only to be reconstituted in June 1921 as part of the United States Organized Reserves.

World War II
In August 1942, when the 82nd Infantry Division was converted to an airborne division, the 320th FA (including B/320th) was reorganized and redesignated as the 320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion (GFAB). As part of the 82nd Airborne Division, the 320th GFAB fought in a number of hot spots. First, the 320th GFAB was part of the campaign in Sicily, acting in reserve. The unit first saw action at the Volturno River on the Italian mainland. The crucial Normandy invasion was the next stop for the 320th GFAB. Under difficult conditions, the unit helped make the invasion a success. As a result of the 320th's actions during Operation Overlord, the unit was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. The 320th GFAB next fought in Operation Market Garden and then the Battle of the Bulge when the Germans attempted their last-ditch offensive. The 320th GFAB then fought and played a role in the final push through the Rhineland to defeat Germany. Upon the war's end the unit completed its duties in Europe as part of the post-war occupation in Berlin.

Post-World War II
After the war, the 320th GFAB went through a number of transitions. It was inactivated on 15 December 1948 and relieved from assignment to the 82nd Airborne Division on 14 December 1950. On 1 August 1951 it was reorganized and redesignated as the 320th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion (AFAB), and activated at Fort Benning, Georgia.

Post-Korean War
During the 1950s, the 320th FA served as the field artillery battalion of the separate 508th Airborne Regimental Combat Team. When the Army eliminated infantry regiments and battalions from division and organized under the Pentomic structure, the 320th Field Artillery was reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System. B/320th FA was assigned to the 11th Airborne Division in Germany. B/320th FA was inactivated on 1 July 1958 in Germany when the 11th Airborne was inactivated and replaced by the 24th Infantry Division. B/320th FA were redesignated on 15 November 1962 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2nd Battalion, 320th Artillery, and assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (organic elements concurrently constituted).

Post-Vietnam

Gulf War
2-320 FAR next saw action in the Middle East from 1990 until 1991. As a part of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), the battalion was part of the massive US force that drove the Iraqi Army from Kuwait.

Operation Iraqi Freedom I
The battalion served honorably in Operation Iraqi Freedom. As a member of the famed 101st Airborne Division, the battalion deployed 3 times to Iraq in support of the operation, to include the initial push into the country 24 March 2003.

Lineage and honors

Lineage
Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as Battery B, 320th Field Artillery, an element of the 82d Division
Organized 29 August 1917 at Camp Gordon, Georgia
Demobilized 12 May 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey
Reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves as Battery B, 320th Field Artillery, an element of the 82d Division (later redesignated as the 82d Airborne Division)
Organized in December 1921 at Columbia, South Carolina
Reorganized and redesignated 13 February 1942 as Battery B, 320th Field Artillery Battalion
Ordered into active military service 25 March 1942 and reorganized at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana
Reorganized and redesignated 15 August 1942 as Battery B, 320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion
(Organized Reserves redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps)
Withdrawn 15 November 1948 from the Organized Reserve Corps and allotted to the Regular Army
Inactivated 15 December 1948 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina
(320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion relieved 14 December 1950 from assignment to the 82d Airborne Division)
Redesignated 1 August 1951 as Battery B, 320th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion, and activated at Fort Benning, Georgia
Reorganized and redesignated 1 March 1957 as Battery B, 320th Artillery, and assigned to the 11th Airborne Division
Inactivated 1 July 1958 in Germany and relieved from assignment to the 11th Airborne Division
Redesignated 15 November 1962 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Battalion, 320th Artillery, and assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (organic elements concurrently constituted)
Battalion activated 3 December 1962 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky
Redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 2d Battalion, 320th Field Artillery
Relieved 16 September 2004 from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division and assigned to the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division

Campaign Participation Credit
World War I: St. Mihiel; Meuse-Argonne; Lorraine 1918
World War II: Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Normandy (with arrowhead); Rhineland (with arrowhead); Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe
Vietnam: Defense; Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase II; Counteroffensive, Phase III; Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive, Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer-Fall 1969; Winter Spring 1970; Sanctuary Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase VII; Consolidation I; Consolidation II
Southwest Asia: Defense of Saudi Arabia; Liberation and Defense of Kuwait
War on Terrorism
Afghanistan:
Iraq: Iraqi Governance

Note: The published Army lineage, dated 30 June 2010, shows only Iraqi Governance in the War on Terrorism. Comparison of the battalion's deployment dates with the War on Terrorism campaigns estimates that the battalion will be credited with participation in the additional campaigns listed.

Decorations
  Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered STE. MERE EGLISE
  Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered DAK TO
  Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered TUY HOA
  Meritorius Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1965-1966
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered IRAQ 2003
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered IRAQ 2007-2008
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered AFGHANISTAN 2010-2011
  French Crois de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered STE. MERE EGLISE
  French Crois de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered COTENTIN
  French Crois de Guerre, World War II Fourrragere
 Military Order of William (Degree of the Knight of the Fourth Class), Streamer embroidered NIJMEGEN 1944
 Netherlands Orange Lanyard
  Belgian Fourragere 1940
 Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the Ardennes
 Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in Belgium
  Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1968-1969
  Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1971
  Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1968-1970
Battery A additionally entitled to:
  Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966-1967

Note: Separately cited decorations are not post to the official lineage by the Center for Military History.

Heraldry

Distinctive unit insignia
320th Field Artillery Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia

Coat of arms
320th Field Artillery Regiment Coat of Arms

See also
 Field Artillery Branch (United States)

References

External links
320th FAR Regimental Association
Official Unit Facebook Page

320 2
Category:Military units and formations established in 1917
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2015


Wilhelm Diekamp

Wilhelm Diekamp (13 May 1854 – 25 December 1885) was a German historian.

Diekamp was born in Geldern. Soon after his birth, his parents moved to Münster in Westphalia, where he made his collegiate studies (1867–72). From 1872 to 1875 he studied theology at Würzburg and at Münster. Feeling uncertain, however, as to his ecclesiastical calling, he abandoned his desire of entering the priesthood, and took up the study of philology.

In 1877 he graduated as doctor of philosophy with the dissertation: "Widukind, der Sachsenführer nach Geschichte und Sage" (Münster, 1877). Excessive study led to grave pulmonary disease. For some time he taught in the public schools of Münster, Arnsberg, and Aachen, developing in the meantime his historical training. Evidence of this was his Vitae S. Ludgeri (Geschichtsquellen des Bistums Münster, IV, Münster, 1881).

In 1881 the Westfalischer Verein fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde confided to him the continuation of the Westfälisches Urkundenbuch. He returned to Münster and in 1882 he became Privatdozent for history there. Previously, however, he spent a year at Vienna for improvement in diplomatics at the "Institut fur oesterreichische Geschichtsforschung" under the direction of Theodor von Sickel.

At Easter, 1883, he began his teaching at Münster, continuing at the same time his historical investigations, specially on Westphalian documents, the history of the papal chancery, and papal diplomatics. In 1885 he published at Münster the first part of the supplement of the Westfälisches Urkundenbuch.

In the autumn of this year he went to Rome, chiefly to collect in the Vatican archives the material for the large works he had in mind. He died of typhoid in Rome while working there, and was buried in the German Campo Santo near St. Peter's.

Diekamp also published between 1878 and 1885 several important studies in different reviews concerning the history of the Middle Ages and diplomatics or official style of the medieval papal documents.

References
Hulskamp in Literarischer Handlweiser (1886), 1-10
Schulte in Historisches Jahrbuch (1886), 266-277
Dahlmann in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, Nachtrage bis /899 (Leipzig, 1903), XLVII, 679 sq.

External links

Category:1854 births
Category:1885 deaths
Category:German historians
Category:People from Geldern
Category:Deaths from typhoid fever
Category:19th-century historians
Category:19th-century German writers
Category:19th-century German male writers
Category:German male non-fiction writers


Regina Branner

Regina Branner (5 September 1931 – 21 February 2017) was an Austrian athlete. She competed in the women's shot put at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1931 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Austrian female shot putters
Category:Olympic athletes of Austria
Category:Place of birth missing


Hetrodes crassipes

REDIRECT Acanthoproctus diadematus


Kamsin: The Untouched

Kamsin: The Untouched is a Hindi B grade drama film of Bollywood directed by Amit Suryavanshi. This movie was released in 1997 in the banner of Sai Baba Film.

Plot
Disha, a college girl goes for an outing to the countryside with her friends during the college vacation. Problems start when her friends start dying serially.

Cast
 Disha Vakani
 Shiva Rindani
 Prithvi (actor)
 Aman Sagar
 Birbal
 Anil Nagrath
 Satnam Kaur
 Amit Pachori
 K.K. Goswami
 Mahesh Raj

References

External links

Category:1990s Hindi-language films
Category:1997 films
Category:Indian films
Category:Indian erotic films


Loke Cheng Kim

Loke Cheng Kim (; 5 May 1895 – 1981) was a Malaysian–Singaporean businesswoman and philanthropist.

Early life
Lim Cheng Kim was born the eldest daughter of a Hokkien Chinese family which owned tin mines in Selangor and had been established in Malaya for generations. Her mother, Soon Kui Sim, took over the management of her husband's tin mines in Rawang, when he was forced to retire due to illness. Being largely illiterate, she devised her own complex hieroglyphic bookkeeping system to manage the family's extensive finances. Loke's mother would even go to the mines personally and wake the labourers up to work by literally pulling them out of bed. Not having had the opportunity to be schooled, she was determined that her daughter would not be illiterate and sent the young girl to study at the Methodist Girls' School Kuala Lumpur [MGSKL] by train – a journey of 50 miles each way.

Once, Loke fell asleep on the train on her way home from school and she awakened just as the train was starting to leave
Rawang Station. She was so scared of returning home late and receiving a good chiding from her mother that she leapt out of the moving train. Fortunately the train was not moving fast as it was just leaving the station so she escaped with a few bruises. However, she still received a chiding from her mother when the latter was informed by the station master of what had happened. Despite her domineering character, her mother's strength and determination became a great influence on Loke's life.

Marriage to Loke Yew
Loke was matchmade by other relatives and married Loke Yew in 1914, after his third wife and her distant cousin Lim Shuk Kwei died. After only three years of marriage and the birth of three children, Loke Yew died. Upon his death, she had to bring up three children on her own, and was especially concerned with the poor health of her eldest child: her son Wan Tho. This spurred her to the point of bringing the children abroad for education and healthcare in Switzerland in 1929.

Life in Switzerland with its pure air and peaceful scenery inspired the Loke children and they developed a love of nature. Wan Tho excelled in sports at school and became an avid mountaineer, birdwatcher and photographer later in his life. Yuen Peng's interest in nature led her to become a renowned nature conservationist in Singapore and Malaya, and she devoted her life to nature photography.

Loke returned to Kuala Lumpur to oversee the management of her late husband's assets and businesses. In 1936 she incorporated Associated Theatres Ltd (later renamed Cathay Organisation), registering her son Wan Tho, as one of the owners of the business. At that time Wan Tho was still an undergraduate at Cambridge University. She proceeded to build the Loke family's first multiplex: the Pavilion Theatre in Kuala Lumpur. In 1937, she purchased a site at Dhoby Ghaut in Singapore where she constructed the modern Cathay Building and developed cinema, hotel and restaurant businesses. When the Cathay building was completed in 1939, it was the first skyscraper in Singapore before the war and the signature building of Cathay Organisation. When Singapore was occupied by the Japanese, Loke evacuated to India and, during the war years there, started a Chinese restaurant in Bangalore.

On the liberation of Singapore, Loke returned in 1946 whereupon she was presented with a plaque by Lord Louis Mountbatten commemorating his occupancy of the Cathay Building. She also bought another property in Katong which had been a hospital for the Japanese during the war, and converted it into the Ocean Park Hotel. The hotel grew to become a popular haunt by locals for alfresco dining and dancing. She was concurrently also actively involved with the management of the Cathay Hotel in the Cathay Building and developing many of her properties in the area surrounding the Cathay Keris Studios.

Other passions in life
Loke was also an art lover collector, and had a green thumb. She was extremely fond of flowers and was known to have arranged the flowers in the Cathay Chinese Restaurant herself on many special occasions. Soft-spoken but steely, Loke was a generous philanthropist all her life.

From as long as Loke herself can remember, her mother Soon Kui Sim insisted that girls must become literate and having an education. This quality rubbed off on Loke, and for most her life she devoted much of her time to social welfare and education of children especially girls. Yuen Peng remembers her mother had helped two girls from St. Hilda's School in Katong and putting them through university education in Australia. She was President of the Singapore Chinese Ladies' Association, and of the Chinese Women's Athletic Association before the war, and President of the Chinese Relief Fund Ladies' Section in Kuala Lumpur when the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out.

Loke was known to enjoy her food, especially Peranakan food, a legacy of her Penang heritage and practised t'ai chi ch'uan everyday until ill health disabled her. Even in her retirement years she was very active in all her businesses and continued to make stock investments. Loke's shrewdness and determination had been a great influence on the life of her son Loke Wan Tho, till the end of his life. In spite of her canniness, Loke was a very ethical woman, especially towards honesty and fair dealing and she held to what she said to others.

Loke died in 1981 at the age of 86. In memory of her lifetime of philanthropy, the Loke Cheng Kim Foundation in Singapore continues the tradition of helping needy students to pursue further education in foreign universities overseas, with the Loke Cheng Kim Scholarship. The Saint Andrew's Junior College Singapore also named one of their halls Loke Cheng Kim Hall in memory of Loke.

References

Category:1895 births
Category:1981 deaths
Category:Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Category:Malaysian emigrants to Singapore
Category:People who lost Malaysian citizenship
Category:Naturalised citizens of Singapore
Category:Singaporean art patrons
Category:Singaporean people of Hokkien descent
Category:Singaporean philanthropists
Category:Singaporean women in business
Category:People from Penang
Category:20th-century philanthropists


Hemanta Sena

Hemanta Sena was son of Samantasena, the founder of the Hindu Sena dynasty in Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. He ruled from 1070 to 1096 CE.  His son, Vijaya Sena, reigned after him.

See also
List of rulers of Bengal
History of Bengal
History of India

References

Category:Rulers of Bengal
Category:1179 births
Category:1206 deaths
Category:12th-century Indian monarchs
Category:Sena dynasty
Category:Founding monarchs
Category:Bengali Hindus
Category:History of West Bengal
Category:People from West Bengal


Dhakki

Dhakki is a town and union council of Charsadda District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°18'17N 71°46'24E and has an altitude of 359 metres (1181 feet).

The village has a higher secondary school for boys, a high school for girls and a basic health unit (BHU). It is about 50 kilometers from Peshawar.
The soil is very fertile, irrigated by Upper Swat Canal. The main crops are sugarcane, tobacco, wheat, maize and vegetables. Apricot, plum, peach and pear orchards are stretched all over the landscape. Former Chief Secretary Mr. Rustam Shah Muhmand belongs to Dhakki. Jehanzeb Khan Dhakki is a prominent social worker and political figure of Dhakki. Another well known figure is Syed Imran Khan ( Anwar Abad) well known social worker is also belonging Dhakki. Famous Pashto Drama  actors Mr. Syed Shensha (Late) and Syed Sardar Badshah (Pride of Performance) are also from Dhakki.

Religious Personalities
Maulana Aziz ur Rahman known as Sahib e Haq of Dhakki died in 1988, still his teachings are considered as undeniable facts. Besides a religious scholar of a high rank, qualified from Darul Uloom Deoband India, he was Ameer of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam now Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) of district Peshawar when Charsadda was then a part of district Peshawar. After coming back from India, he started Madrassa Rahimiya in the grand mosque of Dhakki, now known as Sahib e Haq sab mosque. A PhD dissertation has also been written on his life and contributions by Dr. Abdul Salam, a research scholar from the University of Peshawar. Similarly, Maulana Lal badshah and Mufti Zahid Ullah are the well-known scholars but recently in Ramadan, Maulana lal Badshah died. Mufti Zahid-Ullah is the famous and intelligent personality in Dhakki now a days.

References

Category:Union councils of Charsadda District
Category:Populated places in Charsadda District, Pakistan


Vanderson

Vanderson may refer to these Brazilian footballers:

 Vanderson Válter de Almeida (born 1978)
 Vanderson da Silva Souza (born 1986)
 Vanderson Stolk Francisco (born 1987)


John Lott (mathematician)

John William Lott (born January 12, 1959) is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley.  He is working on Ricci flow.

He and Bruce Kleiner of Yale University make up one of three teams formed for the purpose of verifying Grigori Perelman's proof of the Poincaré conjecture. The other two teams comprised Zhu Xiping and Cao Huaidong, and Gang Tian and John Morgan. They posted a paper on the arXiv in May 2006 that filled in the details of Perelman's proof of the geometrization conjecture.

References

External links
 http://math.berkeley.edu/~lott/

Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century American mathematicians
Category:21st-century American mathematicians
Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni
Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty
Category:University of Michigan faculty
Category:Differential geometers
Category:People from Rolla, Missouri
Category:Mathematicians from Missouri


Arkaul, Karaidelsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Arkaul () is a rural locality (a village) in Karaidelsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

References

Category:Rural localities in Bashkortostan


Nandihalli

Nandihalli is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.

References

Category:Villages in Belgaum district


Knot Feeder

Knot Feeder was a math rock band from Pittsburgh featuring ex-members of Don Caballero, Tabula Rasa, and Southpaw. The band consisted of guitarist Mike Banfield (ex-Don Caballero), drummer Rob Spagiare (ex-Tabula Rasa), guitarist Andrew Grossmann (ex-Tabula), and bassist Andy Curl (ex-Southpaw). They recorded a CD with J. Robbins in 2007, which was released on January 24, 2009 at The Smiling Moose.

Members
Mike Banfield- Guitar
Andy Curl- Bass Guitar
Andrew Grossmann- Guitar
Rob Spagiare- Drums, Vocals

History

Guitarist Mike Banfield left Don Caballero, which he helped co-found with Damon Che, after their 1999 European tour supporting "What Burns Never Returns," their third release on the Touch & Go label, because he did not want to quit his job in Pittsburgh and relocate to Chicago. Damon Che continued to play with Don Cab, and the other guitarist Ian Williams went on to form the band Battles (band). After departing Don Cab, Banfield hibernated until a member of Pittsburgh band Mihaly connected him with drummer Rob Spagiare of the post-hardcore band Tabula Rasa. "We played a few times and it never materialized into anything, but then I got inspired and wanted to play more seriously. So I called Rob, and he brought along guitarist Andrew Grossmann (ex-Tabula)." Soon, friend and promoter/sound engineer Sean Cho hooked the trio up with bassist Andy Curl, whose previous band, Southpaw, was known for its complex extended jams. And thus Knot Feeder was formed in 2006.

Discography
Light Flares CD (January 2009)
forthcoming remix EP (2009)

References

External links
Knot Feeder Official Website

Category:Math rock groups


Starbuck, Minnesota

Starbuck is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,302 at the 2010 census. The city is on the western shore of Lake Minnewaska.

Geography
Minnesota State Highways 28, 29, and 114 are three of the main routes in the city.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.

History

Starbuck was platted in the spring of 1882, as a village on the Northern Pacific railway, adjoining Lake Minnewaska. The growth and settlement of Pope County were greatly retarded for many years by the lack of railway and shipping facilities, which obliged the settlers to go long distances, into adjoining counties, to market their products.

Reportedly the town was named after Stabekk in Bærum in Akershus county, Norway.
But Geographical Names of Manitoba says that the village of Starbuck, Manitoba, is thought to have been named after the town in Minnesota by a contractor working for the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885, and that Starbuck, Minnesota, was named after William H. Starbuck of New York, who financed the Little Falls and Dakota Railroad. Some also believe the town's name comes from the oxen used to build the railroad through the town, whose names were Star and Buck.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,302 people, 576 households, and 328 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 671 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.3% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 576 households of which 22.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.75.

The median age in the city was 45.8 years. 19.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 25.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,314 people, 565 households, and 328 families living in the city.  The population density was 834.0 people per square mile (321.1/km²).  There were 633 housing units at an average density of 401.8 per square mile (154.7/km²).  The racial makeup of the city was 99.01% White, 0.23% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.46% of the population.

There were 565 households out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 25.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 30.9% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,235, and the median income for a family was $40,875. Males had a median income of $30,865 versus $21,184 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,030.  About 7.9% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links
Starbuck, MN Chamber of Commerce -- Visitor Information site
Lefse Dagen - Annual commemoration of the world's largest lefse baked during the Starbuck Centennial Celebration
Starbuck Dragon Boat Festival

Category:Cities in Pope County, Minnesota
Category:Cities in Minnesota


Opposite Sex (TV series)

Opposite Sex is an American comedy-drama series that aired during Fox's summer 2000 schedule. The series was one of the first teen dramas to primarily use independent artists on its soundtrack by such acts as Elliott Smith and Ben Lee.

Synopsis
The series chronicles the life of Jed Perry (Milo Ventimiglia), a 15-year-old boy who moves to Northern California along with his father shortly after the death of his mother. After enrolling at the prestigious Evergreen Academy, Jed finds out the school was formerly for girls, and recently became co-ed. Along with Jed, only two other boys attend the school, Philip Steffan (Kyle Howard) and Cary Baston (Chris Evans). The boys run into problems when the girls of the school are resistant to the changes and make it clear that their presence is unwanted.

It was initially shot in 1999 for the 1999–2000 season, but for various reasons the series was delayed until Summer 2000. The series lasted eight episodes before being canceled. It is unknown if anything from episodes 9–13 was filmed or completed.

Cast
Milo Ventimiglia – Jed Perry
Kyle Howard – Philip Steffan
Chris Evans – Cary Baston
Margot Finley – Miranda Mills
Lindsey McKeon – Stella
Allison Mack – Kate Jacobs
Chris McKenna – Rob Perry

Reception
Carole Horst of Variety wrote of the series, "Clever concept, sleek production values, a nice cast and thoughtful writing (for a teen show) add up to the enjoyable Opposite Sex". In concluding her review she stated, "Despite all the good things in this gentle comedy-drama, it's hard to say who the series is aimed at: It's not intellectual enough for "Freaks" fans and too grounded for the WB crowd. Young auds will have to seek it out. And therein lies the rub." Barry Garron of The Hollywood Reporter described Opposite Sex as a "far-fetched, overly earnest teen-oriented show" that "never manages to overcome its contrived premise and establish real emotional connections." He went on to say that "My So-Called Life and Freaks & Geeks have raised the bar for teen drama by providing keen insight into the awkwardness of adolescence" and that while not on the same level this series is "not nearly as cartoonish" as Saved by the Bell. Joel Brown, a New York Times syndicated columnist published in The Spokesman-Review found that "Ventimiglia conveys Jed's frustration well" but that "bad TV cliches overwhelm this show's mild promise." The Modesto Bee's TV critic, Kevin McDonough, describes the series as "hardly the worst teen show of the year." He continues by stating that "it lacks the soft-core exploitation that permeates Young Americans."

Episodes

References

External links

Category:2000s American comedy-drama television series
Category:2000s American high school television series
Category:2000s American teen drama television series
Category:2000 American television series debuts
Category:2000 American television series endings
Category:English-language television programs
Category:Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Category:Television series by Warner Bros. Television
Category:Television shows set in San Francisco


Ranakadevi

Ranakadevi was a legendary 12th century queen of Khengara, the Chudasama ruler of Saurashtra region of western India. She is mentioned in the bardic tragic romance representing the battle between Chudasama king  Khengara and Chaulukya king Jayasimha Siddharaja. However, this legend is not credible.

Legend of Ranakadevi
Ranakadevi was a daughter of potter of Majevadi village near Junagadh, the Chudasama capital. The fame of her beauty reached to Jayasimha and determined to marry her. Meanwhile Khengara marry her which enraged Jayasimha. A variation of legend tells that she was born to the king of Kutch but she was abandoned in forest as the astrologer had predicted that whomever marry her will lose his kingdom and die young. The abandoned child was found a potter named Hadmat or Jam Rawal who raised her as his own daughter. Meanwhile Khengara had attacked and broken gates of Jayasimha's capital Anahilapataka (now Patan) when he was on an expedition to Malwa which had further enraged Jayasimha.

Khengara used to stay himself at the fort of Uparkot in Junagadh but kept his queen Ranakadevi in his palace in the hill fort of Girnar, a mountain near Junagadh. His nephews Visal and Desal were the only persons allowed access there except the guard. Khengara used to go from the Uparkot to the Girnar fort to visit Ranakadevi. One day he found Desal drunk there and, in spite of all his protestations, accused him of an improper intimacy with her. Then he expelled both Desal and Visal from the Junagadh.

They went to Jayasimha and told him to attack Junagadh. They entered the Uparkot with some cattle carrying grain, slew the guards and attacked the palace. Khengara came forth and fought and died in the battle and the Uparkot was taken. After this Desal and Visal took Jayasimha up to the Girnar fort and asked their aunt to open the gate. She did so not knowing what had happened. Then Jayasimha entered and on seeing her two sons ordered them to be put to death. Jayasimha took Ranakadevi with him and returned towards Anahilapataka.

On their way, at Vardhamanapura (now Wadhwan) on the banks of river Bhogavo, overcome by the noble bearing of Ranakadevi, he offered to make her his first queen but she told him that nothing would make her forgive him the death of her innocent boys and his husband. She then cursed Jayasimha and warned him that he should die childless. The she mounted committed sati by burning herself on the funeral pyre of her husband with his husband's turban in her lap. Her curse was fulfilled and Jayasimha died childless.

Historicity

Several Sorathas (couplets) uttered by Ranakadevi in the bardic accounts evokes sadness but their usefulness as the historical material is doubtful. Even the existence of Ranakadevi is doubtful. Ranakadevi is not mentioned in the Chaulukya era chronicles such as Puratana-prabandha-sangraha or Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani but instead they give name Sonaladevi and Sunaladevi respectively. The Apabhramsa verses uttered by Sonaladevi after the death of Khengara counts eleven and eight in them respectively.

Ranakadevi's paliya (memorial stone) and a shrine still stands on the southern banks of Bhogavo river in Wadhwan, though the temple seem to be built earlier probably during the reign of Dharanivaraha of Chhapa dynasty (last quarter of the 9th century). It is the protected national monument.

In popular culture
Several variation of this legend are still popular in bards and peoples of Saurashtra. Some of the verses of the ballad of Khengara and Ranakadevi are very poetical. Many verses are given in the Ras Mala by Alexander Kinloch Forbes. One such verse is:

Ranakdevi (1883), a Gujarati novel written by Anantprasad Trikamlal Vaishnav, is based on her. The Amar Chitra Katha has published a comics, Ranak Devi: The Story of a Great Queen of Saurashtra (1977, #452) based on the legend.

She is a character in Sadhara Jesang, a Vesha (play) of Bhavai, the folk theatre of Gujarat. Gadh Juno Girnar (1967) is a Gujarati play based on the legend. Two silent films about Ranakadevi are produced; one in 1923 directed by S. N. Patankar and another in 1930 produced by Chandulal Shah and directed by Nanubhai Vakil. The Gujarati film Ranakdevi (1946) starring Nirupa Roy and directed by Vishnukumar M. Vyas was also produced.

References

Bibliography

Category:Chudasama dynasty
Category:Indian folklore
Category:Legendary Indian people
Category:Indian queen consorts
Category:Indian female royalty


HMS E35

HMS E35 was a British E class submarine built by John Brown, Clydebank. She was laid down on 20 May 1916 and was commissioned on 14 July 1917. E35 sank  (one of the 1,512 ton U-boat cruisers originally designed as cargo carrying blockade runners) off the island of Madeira on 11 May 1918. This sinking was helped by British intelligence who had learned of a planned rendezvous between two U-boats off Cape St Vincent. E35 was sold in Newcastle on 6 September 1922.

Design
Like all post-E8 British E-class submarines, E35 had a displacement of  at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  and a beam length of . She was powered by two  Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two  electric motors. The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of  of diesel and ranges of  when travelling at . E35 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at .

E35 was armed with a 12-pounder  QF gun mounted forward of the conning tower. She had five 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.

E-Class submarines had wireless systems with  power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to  systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was  although in service some reached depths of below . Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.

Crew
Her complement was three officers and 28 men.

References

Bibliography

Category:British E-class submarines of the Royal Navy
Category:Ships built on the River Clyde
Category:1916 ships
Category:World War I submarines of the United Kingdom
Category:Royal Navy ship names


Reach (Meredith Edwards album)

Reach is the only album by American country music artist Meredith Edwards. It was released in 2001 by Mercury Nashville and peaked at No. 24 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. The album includes the singles "A Rose Is a Rose" and "The Bird Song."

Keith Stegall produced the album, except for "Ready to Fall" and "This Is the Heartache" (produced by Richard Marx), and "The Bird Song", "You Get to Me", "But I Can't Let You Go", and "You" (produced by Robin Wiley).

Track listing
"In Any Given Moment" (Daryl Burgess, Tia Sillers) – 4:11
"A Rose Is a Rose" (Dave Berg, Deanna Bryant, Sunny Russ) – 3:01
"The Bird Song" (Buzz Cason, Neil Thrasher) – 3:58
"Ready to Fall" (Richard Marx) – 3:38
"A Beautiful Mess" (Tony Martin, Bob Regan) – 2:41
"You Get to Me" (Steve Mandile, Robin Wiley) – 3:55
"But I Can't Let You Go" (Wiley) – 4:26
featuring David Nail
"Slow Learner" (Al Anderson, Regan) – 3:44
"This Is the Heartache" (Gary Harrison, Marx) – 4:18
"Reach" (Marx, Keith Stegall) – 4:46
"You" (Brett James, Troy Verges) – 4:04
"Places in Your Heart" (Marvin Morrow) – 3:51

Personnel
 Eddie Bayers - drums
 Tim Buppert - background vocals
 J.T. Corenflos - electric guitar
 Eric Darken - percussion
 Meredith Edwards - lead vocals
 Paul Franklin - steel guitar, lap steel guitar, slide guitar
 Bruce Gaitsch - acoustic guitar
 Aubrey Haynie - fiddle, mandolin
 John Kelton - bass guitar
 Steve Mandile - electric guitar
 Marilyn Martin - background vocals
 Brent Mason - electric guitar
 Joey Miskulin - accordion
 Duncan Mullins - bass guitar
 David Nail - background vocals on "But I Can't Let You Go"
 Lee Roy Parnell - slide guitar
 Gary Prim - keyboards, piano
 Robin Wiley - background vocals
 John Willis - acoustic guitar
 Glenn Worf - bass guitar
 Jonathan Yudkin - fiddle

Chart performance

References
[ Reach] at Allmusic

Category:2001 debut albums
Category:Meredith Edwards (singer) albums
Category:Mercury Nashville albums
Category:Albums produced by Keith Stegall


Dumitru Ivanov (rower)

Dumitru Ivanov (born 6 November 1946) is a Romanian rower. He competed in the men's coxless four event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:Romanian male rowers
Category:Olympic rowers of Romania
Category:Rowers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Category:People from Suceava County


Gigantic octopus

An unknown species of gigantic octopus has been hypothesised as a source of reports of sea monsters such as  the lusca, kraken and akkorokamui as well as the source of some of the carcasses of unidentified origin known as globsters like the St. Augustine Monster. The species that the St. Augustine carcass supposedly represented has been assigned the binomial names "Octopus giganteus" () and "Otoctopus giganteus" (Greek prefix: oton = ear; giant-eared octopus), although these are not valid under the rules of the ICZN.

They are not to be confused with the known giant Pacific octopus, which is a member of the genus Enteroctopus, and can grow to a total length of more than . The gigantic octopus is assumed to be much larger.

History
In 1802, the French malacologist Pierre Denys de Montfort in Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particulière des Mollusques, an encyclopedic description of mollusks, recognized the existence of two kinds of giant octopus. One being the kraken octopus, which Denys de Montfort believed had been described not only by Norwegian sailors and American whalers, but also by ancient writers such as Pliny the Elder. The second one being the much larger colossal octopus (the one actually depicted by the image) which reportedly attacked a sailing vessel from Saint-Malo off the coast of Angola.

A gigantic octopus has been proposed as an identity for the large carcass, known as the St. Augustine Monster, that washed up in St Augustine, Florida, in 1896. However, samples of this specimen subjected to electron microscopy and biochemical analysis were found to be "masses of virtually pure collagen" and not to have the "biochemical characteristics of invertebrate collagen, nor the collagen fiber arrangement of octopus mantle". The results suggest the samples are "large pieces of vertebrate skin ... from a huge homeotherm".

See also
 Akkorokamui
 Colossal squid
 Cryptozoology
 Enteroctopus, or giant octopuses
 Giant squid
 Kraken
 Lusca
 Scandinavian folklore
 Te Wheke-a-Muturangi

References

Further reading

Category:Octopuses
Category:Water monsters


Gordon Waite Underwood

Gordon Waite Underwood  (June 3, 1910 – January 15, 1978) was a United States Navy captain who was awarded the Navy Cross for his achievements during World War II. He is the namesake of the ship .

Early life
Gordon Underwood was born in New York on June 3, 1910, and at an early age moved with his family to Portland, Oregon. In 1932, he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy. At the Naval Academy he proved to be an outstanding student and superb athlete. He earned letters and starred in football and track. He was awarded the coveted Naval Academy Sword for athletic excellence.

Naval career
Following his graduation from the Naval Academy, Underwood served in . This tour was followed by training at the United States Submarine School in New London, Connecticut. After his graduation he served in the Submarine School, , , and . In 1941, he attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology and earned a Masters Degree in Marine Engineering.

Returning to sea duty, Underwood was assigned to the Staff of Commander Submarine Squadron Ten as Squadron Engineer supporting submarines on war patrol.  In January 1944, he was assigned as Commanding Officer of . On this ship during three war patrols he was credited with destruction of 76,000 tons of enemy shipping, including the aircraft carrier Shinyo. For each of his war patrols he was awarded a Navy Cross and in recognition of the great successes of the first two patrols Spadefish was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation.

Underwood's record of success in his war patrols remains one of the most notable in the history of the United States Navy Submarine Service.

Corporate career
Captain Underwood retired from the navy in 1962 after 30 years of distinguished service. After retirement, he became Vice President of Spelin Inc., Mountain View, California. He was also Vice President of Filter-Aire of Hollister, California until his retirement.

Awards & Decorations

References
A portion of this text originated from the public domain ship's history of USS Underwood .

Category:1932 births
Category:1978 deaths
Category:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Category:United States Navy officers
Category:American naval personnel of World War II
Category:United States submarine commanders


William Stafford (mining engineer)

William Stafford (November 15, 1842 - May 12, 1907) was a coal mining engineer and mine superintendent for the North Western Coal and Navigation Company who was responsible for determining the location of the City of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

Personal life

William Stafford was born in Patna, Ayrshire, Scotland, on November 15, 1842. He was the only son of William Stafford, an English mining engineer and geologist, and Margaret Findlay Stafford. On December 31, 1863, he married Jane Gibb of Auchinleck, Ayrshire, Scotland, whose brother David Gibb became a prominent contractor in British Columbia. While residing in Auchinleck, William and Jane Stafford had three sons: William, Jr., Henry, and John. They then emigrated to Westville, Nova Scotia, in 1871, where they had five additional sons (Richard, Alexander, George, David, and James) and two daughters (Agnes and Margaret). In 1883, the family moved to the area that later became Lethbridge, Alberta, where they had an additional son (Elliott) and two additional daughters (Henrietta, the first white child born in the area, and Annie Laurie). The Staffords constructed a large ranch house on the bottomlands of the Belly River River which became a major community and social center.

Career

After an education in Scotland, William Stafford became the manager of coal mines operated by the Acadia Coal Company of Pictou in Nova Scotia, and he continued in that capacity until 1882. In that year, he was hired by Sir Alexander Galt as manager and mine superintendent for the North Western Coal and Navigation Company to assess coal mining opportunities in the West. After investigating a number of possibilities, Stafford and his companion Captain Nicholas Bryant focused on Coal Banks on the Belly River due to the high quality of coal in that region. It was William Stafford who made the final decision as to the location of Drift Mine No. 1, which ultimately determined the location of the City of Lethbridge. In 1894, Stafford became Inspector of Mines for the company but then later resigned to pursue ranching and real estate interests. In order to provide accommodations for the increasing number of miners who were coming to the area, William Stafford purchased an area of land that became known as Staffordville, which he developed into lots for miners' houses. Stafford maintained an interest in coal mining, and at the time of his death, he was operating a private coal mine near Carmangay, north of Lethbridge.

Death and legacy

William Stafford died on May 12, 1907, and was buried in the family plot in Mountain View Cemetery in Lethbridge. Following his death and the Belly River flood of 1908, the Stafford family moved into the city of Lethbridge.

A collection of historic photographs, documents, and personal items of William Stafford and his family is currently housed in the Galt Museum & Archives in Lethbridge. The section of north Lethbridge known as Staffordville (built around the No. 3 coal mine) as well as Stafford Drive and Stafford Place (a 10-story residential building) in Lethbridge were named in William Stafford's honor. A plaque honoring William Stafford and other coal pioneers, donated by the Lethbridge Miner's Library Club in collaboration with the Lethbridge Historical Society, was unveiled in Indian Battle Park on September 2, 1963. Entitled "Here We Begin to Mine the Coal," the plaque reads in part: "In 1882, William Stafford chose this place for the North West Coal and Navigation Company to begin mining coal, thus determining the location of Lethbridge."

References

Category:1842 births
Category:1907 deaths
Category:Coal miners
Category:History of Lethbridge
Category:Scottish emigrants to Canada
Category:Scottish people of English descent
Category:Scottish mining engineers
Category:People from East Ayrshire


WMCA (AM)

WMCA (570 AM, "The Mission") is a radio station licensed to New York City, owned by Salem Media Group, the station programs a Christian radio format consisting of teaching and talk programs.  The station's studios are in Lower Manhattan and are shared with co-owned WNYM (970 AM). WMCA's transmitter is located along Belleville Turnpike in Kearny, New Jersey. The station's daytime coverage includes New York City and portions of Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley in New York State, as well as parts of New Jersey and Connecticut. WMCA's programming is also broadcast on a 250 watt translator, W272DX (102.3 MHz), from a tower in Clifton, New Jersey.

Prior to switching to its current programming in 1989, WMCA was a talk radio station during the 1970s and 1980s, and earlier a Top 40 outlet featuring a lineup of disc jockeys known as the "Good Guys."  WMCA is credited with having been the first New York radio station to broadcast a recording by The Beatles.

History

Early Years
After first testing as station 2XH, WMCA began regular transmissions on February 1, 1925, broadcasting on 428.6 meters wavelength (700 kHz) with a power of 500 watts. It was the 13th radio station to begin operations in New York City and was owned by broadcasting pioneer Donald Flamm. The station's original studios and antenna were located at the Hotel McAlpin, located on Herald Square and from which the WMCA call sign derives.

In 1928 it moved to the 570 kHz frequency, sharing time for the next three years with municipally-owned WNYC.  On April 19, 1932, the Federal Radio Commission approved WMCA's application to broadcast full-time on 570 kHz.

In December 1940, Flamm had to surrender the station to industrialist Edward J. Noble, who had just resigned as Undersecretary of Commerce, in a transaction involving prominent political figures including Thomas Corcoran. Flamm's subsequent legal battle against Noble resulted in a congressional investigation and eventually ended in a financial settlement, though not the return of the station.

Through its early decades, WMCA had a varied programming history, playing music, hosting dramas, and broadcasting New York Giants baseball games.  In 1943, it was acquired by the Straus family when Edward J. Noble acquired the Blue Network and its owned-and-operated stations from NBC, including WJZ in New York; the Blue Network would later be renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).

In 1945, host Barry Gray began dropping music and adding talk with celebrities and later call-ins from listeners.  Gray is sometimes considered "The Father of Talk Radio," and his show lasted on WMCA through several decades and format changes.

WMCA began playing hit music in the late 1950s with a Top 40 format. Among its disc jockey staff were Scott Muni, Frankie Crocker, Harry Harrison and Murray the K.

Good Guys Era

In 1960, WMCA began promoting itself by stressing its on-air personalities, who were collectively known as the Good Guys.  The station was led by program director Ruth Meyer, the first woman to hold the position in New York City radio.  This was the era of the high-profile, fast-talking Top 40 disc jockey with an exuberant personality aimed at a youthful audience.  With the advent of the Good Guys format, WMCA saw its ratings increase and become known for "playing the hits."

In the early 1960s, the top 40 format was still young, and the field was crowded in New York City.  Two major 50,000-watt stations, WMGM and WINS, had battled each other, playing the top hits for several years. Then in 1960, WABC joined the fray and started featuring top 40 music. Ultimately, it was WMCA's earnest competition with rival WABC that forced WMGM (in early 1962) and then WINS (in spring 1965) to abandon the top-40 format. There was so much attention on the high-profile WMCA-WABC battle that WMGM and WINS were forced to find a new niche.

The classic Good Guys era lineup included:
Joe O'Brien, an industry veteran whose humor appealed to multiple generations. (6am-10am)
Harry Harrison, whose show was aimed at housewives of that era. (10am-1pm)
Jack Spector, whose closing line was "Look out street, here I come!" (1pm-4pm)
Dandy Dan Daniel a lanky, smooth-talking Texan, and his daily countdown. (4pm-7pm)
Gary Stevens and his "Wooleyburger" bear, aimed at teenagers listening on small transistor radios in their rooms. (7pm-11pm - First show was in April, 1965)
B. Mitchel Reed, "BMR, Your Leader"  Reed was the evening personality on WMCA from 1963–1965.  He was part of the team that took WMCA to the top in 1963. He left the station in the spring of 1965, to return to L.A.'s troubled KFWB, where he had worked before WMCA. His on-air hours were the same as Gary Stevens.
Barry Gray, a talk show host who had been on WMCA before the Top 40 era and continued after it. (11pm-1am)
Dean Anthony, "Dino on your radio" with his "Actors and Actresses" game (1am-6am).
Weekends and fill-in, Ed Baer, Frank Stickle and Bill Beamish.
Owner R. Peter Straus was one of the first station owners to frequently read editorials, commenting on current events.

Straus was an active owner.  In an on-air editorial, he endorsed John F. Kennedy for President in 1960. He also wrote and read the first broadcast editorial calling for the impeachment of Pres. Richard Nixon. In 1961, Straus and WMCA filed a lawsuit charging that the state legislature was violating the Constitution by giving rural areas disproportionate representation. That suit, combined with others, led to the Supreme Court of the United States 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.  During the later talk era, Straus would sometimes go on the air to take listener questions and comments about the radio station.

On Friday nights, Gary Stevens ended at 10:30 and WMCA's locally produced, half-hour news show The World Tonite aired.  This was a local recap of the week's news, and should not be confused with Garner Ted Armstrong's The World Tomorrow religious program, which was heard on WMCA after the Good Guys era ended.

Dan Daniel's countdown changed each week and consisted of the station's top 25 records. It also included a "Sure Shot" and "Long Shot" of records not yet on the chart.  He also gave away his "Hit Kit" every day to a listener who had been chosen from postcards sent to the station.  The "Hit Kit" consisted of a copy of each of the Top 25 records of the week.  To claim this prize, listeners had to call in when they heard their name read on the air.

The Beatles
On December 26, 1963, WMCA, with Jack Spector as the DJ, earned the distinction of being the first New York City radio station to play the Beatles' Capitol Records' single, "I Want to Hold Your Hand".  (Outside New York, the song's broadcast debut in America is widely accepted to have occurred earlier at WWDC in Washington, D.C.)  There is no evidence that any New York City radio station played the Beatles before December 1963 despite the fact that the band's first singles had been released earlier, without fanfare, by smaller, resource-challenged labels (Vee-Jay Records and Swan Records).  However, according to one account, rival Top 40 outlet WINS "reportedly" played the band's Swan Records single "She Loves You" on September 28, 1963, as part of a listener's poll.  After the song finished last (third place), it was quickly dropped from the station's playlist. WMCA was keen on playing new product and breaking new hits, and consequently, it became the radio station most credited for introducing Beatlemania, and the subsequent "British Invasion" musical movement to New Yorkers.

While network-owned WABC was busy broadcasting New York Mets baseball games in the summer of 1963, family-owned WMCA was the music-intensive station that one would hear coming out of transistor radios at pools and beaches.  Starting in 1963, the WMCA's Good Guys soared to the top of New York City's Arbitron ratings. WMCA also was known for its on-air production and promotions.  Each hour, WMCA presented its music, jingles, promotions, contests, stagers and commercials in a tight, upbeat fast-paced style.  Some radio industry veterans attribute WABC's "stodgy sound" to standards applied by its corporate ownership and to its staff of longtime (and older) studio engineers.  This fueled speculation that independently-owned WMCA had younger, more "hip" board-operators with a better understanding of the top 40 format aimed at younger adults.  Whatever the reason, the "sparkling sound" presented on-air by WMCA also contributed to its ratings success in New York City, the largest radio market in the United States.

WMCA's most famous promotions and contests involved the Beatles. Shortly after the band's arrival in the United States on February 7, 1964, WMCA was able to secure the Beatles' cooperation, recording several commercials promoting the station's "Good Guys."  Many believe this cooperation was directly linked to the band's awareness of WMCA being the first radio station in New York City to play "I Want to Hold Your Hand" weeks earlier. According to industry observers, WMCA's success getting John Lennon and Ringo Starr to record several spots on behalf of WMCA convinced listeners that the station (along with WINS personality Murray the K, who called himself "The Fifth Beatle") had direct access to the group.  This was despite the fact that during their first New York visit the band's movements were restricted to the Plaza Hotel, Central Park, CBS Studio 50 (where they appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show), the 21 Club, the Peppermint Lounge and Carnegie Hall.

In February 1964, WMCA held a contest for a chance to win a lock of hair belonging to Ringo Starr.  It received nearly 90,000 entries.  The lock of hair, and a runner-up prize of a photograph on a fan club card signed by all four members of the Beatles, were obtained directly from the group during marathon "one-on-one" meetings and a reception held with print and broadcast personnel at Plaza Hotel on February 10.  Other runner-up prizes distributed by WMCA that were not directly handled by the Beatles included 1,000 specially made WMCA paper record sleeves picturing the Good Guys, containing the band's single, "I Want to Hold Your Hand", as well as $57.00 in cash, reminding listeners of WMCA's spot on the radio dial.

Contrary to some accounts, the enormous number of entries received by WMCA, an estimated 86,000 cards, letters, and packages, were from Beatle fans seeking only to obtain the lock of Starr's hair.  For this "Good Guy-Ringo Starr Contest" (better known today as the "Beatles' Wig Contest") WMCA's listeners were encouraged to send in a drawing or picture of a person wearing a Beatles' wig. The winning entry from Roberta Corrigan (who won the lock of hair) featured a huge image of Queen Elizabeth II with a Beatles wig on her head, along with several other images including one of former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill wearing the same, all submitted in a book with captions for each.  Runner-up winner Stella Scuotto of Brooklyn won the photograph of the Beatles on a fan club card signed by all four members of the band at the Plaza Hotel.   According to Beatles' historian Bruce Spizer, Kay Smith was also a runner-up winner, winning $57 and the rare record sleeve for "I Want to Hold Your Hand", featuring a picture of WMCA's Good Guys.
WMCA continued to beat other radio stations on many Beatles' promotions, scoring firsts, causing headaches in particular for rival WABC, most notably when Capitol Records printed a photograph of the "Good Guys" line-up on the back of a limited edition record sleeve for the single, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (Side 2: "I Saw Her Standing There"). WMCA's Good Guys were also featured at both of the Beatles' concerts at Shea Stadium on August 15, 1965 and on August 23, 1966.

WABC responded in different ways, scoring a major success during the Beatles' second New York visit in August 1964 when the band stayed at the Delmonico Hotel, rousing thousands of teenage fans into a frenzy while broadcasting from one floor above the Beatles' rooms.  WABC later went against its own music policies, promising promoter Sid Bernstein that it would play a new group he was handling before any other New York City radio station if it could get exclusive access to the Beatles. WABC never added records "out of the box," but it did for Bernstein when it played The Young Rascals' "I Ain't Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore" before other radio stations.  WABC also had a source in London able to provide the station with many British releases that were not yet available in the United States or to the other New York radio stations and thus were played exclusively on WABC for at least a few days to a couple of weeks.

Since WABC knew WMCA already had a relationship with the Beatles, WABC devised clever ways to one-up its competitor.  In August 1965, WABC came up with its own special promotion, issuing "medals" called "The Order of the All-Americans" which was the name given to WABC's DJ line up.  It intended to present the medals to each of the Beatles when the group next returned to New York. The goal was to get each Beatle to comment on the "medal" and then to get each to say the station's call letters, "W-A-B-C", which could then be used in station identification and on-air promos. The station got its interviews, but none of the band's members would utter WABC's call letters.  According to Beatles' historian Bruce Spizer, manager Brian Epstein ordered the Beatles to stop "giving away valuable promotional spots to radio stations for free.".  Ultimately, the WMCA-WABC (and to an extent WINS) competition for Beatles releases and promotions is considered to be one of the greatest radio "battles" in medium's history.

Apart from its link to the Beatles, WMCA saturated its programming with many other promotions and on-air games.  They included "Name It and Claim It," with the most desired prize being one of the station's yellow "Good Guys" sweatshirts, which were designed by WMCA program director Ruth Meyer.  The sweatshirts could be won if a listener's name was read over the air and that listener called PLaza 2-9944 within a certain time period.

Another distinctive feature of WMCA was its "Call For Action" Help Line (PLaza 9-1717), which listeners could call if they had any problems requiring WMCA's help resolving, usually consumer or public works service-related issues.

Competition with WABC
In the 1960s, WMCA's great competition was with rival WABC. Despite WMCA's strong ratings performance and its link to the Beatles, some radio historians have treated WMCA as a radio stepchild, the proverbial David going up against the Goliath that was corporate-owned, stronger-signaled WABC.

For four consecutive years (1963 through 1966) WMCA had the highest ratings share of all radio stations in New York City, according to Arbitron, in spite of its directional, 5,000-watt signal which could not cover the same geographic region as non-directional, 50,000-watt WABC.  However, WMCA's directional signal is aimed right into Manhattan from just over the river in New Jersey, and its low frequency (570 kHz) results in strong Midtown Manhattan coverage.  At the time, Arbitron was the newer and lesser quoted ratings source compared to the more established Pulse and Hooper Ratings.  During this time frame, Pulse and Hooper usually placed adult full-service WOR as the overall number-one station, with WMCA generally but not always leading WABC and WINS as the Top 40 leader.  WMCA's ratings strength was concentrated within New York City itself, along with the suburban areas immediately north and east. However, WABC proved more popular in suburban areas where WMCA's signal didn't come in as well on standard 1960s-era AM radio receivers.  The areas where WMCA did not have a strong signal were southwest, west, and northwest of its transmitter. By 1967 and 1968, WMCA ratings had started to decline but still demonstrated a strong showing in total audience surveys, and as late as February 1969, Pulse ratings surveys showed that WMCA continued to best WABC in New York City.  For the most part, from 1967 forward, WABC became the total market Top 40 leader.

In addition to its ratings strength, between 1964 and 1968, Billboard magazine rated WMCA as New York's most influential station for new records. Although every market had one station with record-buying influence, WMCA was in the top market, making it responsible for some songs becoming hits nationwide. Not every record added to the WMCA playlist became a hit, but as soon as sales stirred, WABC, with a shorter playlist of hits, would be forced to add the same record.  With its longer playlist, WMCA played new records faster than rival WABC.  WMCA's weekly countdown list was 25 records, compared with WABC's 20 song list.  WMCA's included the "Sure Shot" and "Long Shot" speculations.  WMCA's countdown was also "faster" than WABC's, in the sense that records climbed to the top more quickly, while WABC's rankings tended to lag behind.  A comparison of both stations showed WABC to be up to two, sometimes three weeks behind WMCA.

The WMCA-WABC rivalry was never more intense than when it came to fighting over the Beatles.  WABC was frustrated with its efforts to gain ratings dominance in New York City's ratings and with its efforts to forge a stronger relationship with one of the world's most popular musical acts.  WMCA program director Ruth Meyer would later speculate in interviews that WABC's creativity during the 1960s could have been hampered by being owned by an ABC network rife with nationwide broadcast policies, commitments and standards.   Conversely, WMCA could run free with "goofy" ideas, promotions and gimmicks as an independently run, family-owned station, without network interference.

According to WABC historians, "another success for WMCA was the fault of WABC itself."  In 1969, WABC overnight host Roby Yonge, upon learning his contract with the station was not going to be renewed, used his shift to spread rumors about the "death" of Paul McCartney.  This episode proved to be an embarrassment for WABC, leading to Yonge's firing, and WABC's status as a network-owned, clear-channel station mistakenly launched the "Paul is dead" story across America and ultimately around the world.

WMCA's eventual ratings decline was due to several factors: the January 1968 split of the ABC Radio Network into four distinct components allowed WABC to drop Don McNeill's Breakfast Club and become fully music-intensive during the day. Around the same time Ruth Meyer exited WMCA, the station temporarily dropped the "Good Guy" branding and it also lost key personalities, including Harry Harrison, who moved over to WABC.  Additionally, the ascendance of R&B station WWRL in 1967 and of two FM rock stations–WOR-FM in 1967 and WNEW-FM in 1968–all took ratings away from WMCA.

Transition
In 1968, a chaotic period began in which Gary Stevens relocated to Switzerland and Harry Harrison moved to WABC, where he replaced Herb Oscar Anderson as its morning host.  WMCA then started experimenting with some talk programming as part of "Power Radio," with hosts ranging from Domenic Quinn to countercultural Alex Bennett. The station also began playing album cuts in addition to singles, with the slogan "The hits and the Heavies."

As disc jockeys left, new DJs appeared with vague names (e.g., Lee Gray was originally "Lee Your Leader") and various stunts were performed.  In one case, Frankie Crocker, who was lured away from WWRL as the station's first African-American personality, played two very short songs over and over again for an hour.  The "Good Guys" were partly reassembled, then dropped again.  Even reliable Dean Anthony, who was concurrently working at a country music station, sometimes got the slogans mixed up on air.

Talk Era
The station finally adopted a full-time talk radio format in 1970, calling itself as "Dial-Log Radio."  The "Good Guys" music era was over, although the "Good Guy" theme eventually did make a comeback in a promotional marketing effort.

When WMCA acquired New York Yankees baseball broadcast rights in 1971, DJ Jack Spector stayed on to host a sports talk show, while Bob Grant debuted in New York radio as the house conservative. "Long John" Nebel came over from WNBC in 1973 and became a fixture on overnights, accompanied by his co-host and spouse Candy Jones. Malachy McCourt hosted a Sunday night call-in show that was mostly personal reminisces of the type that later became the subject of the best-selling autobiography Angela's Ashes, by his brother Frank McCourt.

In 1972, John Sterling succeeded Spector as sports talk host, transforming the program into one of the first confrontational sports talks shows, as well as doing play-by-play for New York Islanders hockey and New York Nets basketball games that were carried on WMCA.  It was there that his knowledgeable and over-the-top broadcasting style would first be heard in the New York area. WMCA carried Yankees games until 1977.  The station then held the broadcast rights for the New York Mets from 1978 through 1983.

WMCA introduced a new morning news-talk program, hosted by Ralph Howard, Bill Ryan and a team of reporters who were all referred to as the "Good Guys," as seen in this ad for the Ralph & Ryan show.  During the 1970s, ratings were healthy for WMCA as a talk station. Jonathan King, who had been at the top of the Good Guys chart in 1965 with his single "Everyone's Gone To The Moon," hosted the weekday midday show for a year in 1981. Most surveys showed the station in the top 10.  This was before WOR became exclusively talk, and also before WABC changed to talk in the early 1980s.

The Straus family sold WMCA around 1987.  It was the last family-owned radio station in New York.  New owner Federal Broadcasting kept the talk format, but switched to a financial news format on weekdays between 5:00 am and 7:00 pm, just prior to selling the station in April 1989 to Salem Communications, which already owned WWDJ since 1983.  Salem immediately implemented a format that focused on religion and leased time programming.  At that time, all WMCA staffers were invited to apply for positions with the "new" WMCA.  Federal Broadcasting eventually sold off all its stations and left the broadcasting business.

Christian Era
Since September 16, 1989, WMCA has been airing a Christian talk and teaching format, as Salem Communications does in dozens of large and medium-sized cities across the U.S. Initially WMCA had the slogan "New York's Christian Radio."  That later changed to "New York's Inspiring Talk."  In the early 1990s, the moniker was "Together, we're sharing the moments of your day on WMCA...New York!". Salem retained just one of the on-air hosts from the talk years, financial advisor Sonny Bloch, who later ran into legal and tax problems.

WMCA was Salem's primary religious station in New York, while the company also ran extra Christian programming on WWDJ. This second station was publicly billed as "WMCA II" or "WMCA 970" until its call letters were changed to WNYM and it adopted a Conservative talk radio format in 2008.

During the mid-2000s, WMCA attempted to establish a connection back to its "Good Guys" era. The website had a tribute to the 1960s DJs, while the current air personalities—"a whole new team of 'Good Guys' filling the airwaves with the Good News"—made appearances and gave out an updated version of the Good Guys sweatshirt. On air, the station used its 1960s-era "Good Guys" jingles for station identification, program promos and transition between songs when music was scheduled. This ended in January 2015 when WMCA was rechristened as The Mission, a new corporate branding effort also used on other Salem Christian stations.

WMCA carries St. John's University basketball, sharing flagship responsibilities with WNYM. In September 2016, WMCA began airing United States Military Academy football. Additionally, WMCA airs Seton Hall University basketball contests which cannot air on WNYM due to scheduling conflicts; the Army, St. John's, and Seton Hall broadcasts are all provided by Learfield IMG College. The station carried a limited schedule of University at Buffalo football games in 2014 and 2015.

Studio Locations and Translator
After leaving the Hotel McAlpin in 1938, WMCA moved its studios to various locations in Midtown Manhattan, eventually settling in at 888 Seventh Avenue.  Not long after taking control of WMCA in 1990, new owner Salem Communications relocated the station to New Jersey.  The facilities were based in Teaneck, Rutherford, and Hasbrouck Heights at different times. In December 2013, WMCA returned to New York City.  Salem moved WMCA and WNYM from Hasbrouck Heights into the former studios of WOR at 111 Broadway in lower Manhattan.

As of July 18, 2019, WMCA's programming began airing on the FM dial in Northern New Jersey, using 250-watt translator station W272DX (102.3 MHz).  While it is licensed to New York City, the translator's signal eminates from the towers of Multicultural Broadcasting-owned WPAT in Clifton, New Jersey, off the Garden State Parkway.

See also
 Radio broadcasting

References

External links

 Tribute site in remembrance of WMCA's Good Guys era
 NYC AM Radio History - WMCA
 WMCA News Department Profile & Interviews - 1978
 The 1960s week-by-week
 Site visit to WMCA Kearny facility

Category:Christian radio stations in the United States
MCA
Category:Radio stations established in 1925
Category:1925 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Salem Media Group properties
Category:New York Giants (NL) broadcasters


Deception (board game)

Deception: Murder in Hong Kong is a board game for 4 to 12 players designed by Tobey Ho and published by Grey Fox games in 2015. Set as a detective investigation scene, in Deception players find themselves in a scenario of intrigue and murder, deduction and deception. Players take on the roles of investigators attempting to solve a murder case, but one of the investigators is actually the killer. Different roles are randomly assigned at the start of play. As the investigators attempt to deduce the truth, the murderer's team must deceive and mislead.

The game was originally released via Kickstarter, raising over $65000. Deception received positive reviews, and was awarded with the Dice Tower Seal of Excellence

Gameplay
In Deception: Murder in Hong Kong, each player first receives a secret role: Forensic Scientist, Witness, Investigator, Murderer, or Accomplice. Everyone then closes their eyes except for the forensic scientist, who instructs the murderer to open his eyes. The murderer does so, revealing himself to the scientist, and he points to one of the five murder weapons in front of them and one of their five pieces of evidence.

The Scientist has the solution but can express the clues only using special scene tiles while the investigators (and the murderer) attempt to interpret the evidence. In order to succeed, the investigators must deduce the truth from the clues of the Forensic Scientist. The Murderer and his Accomplice try to secretly mislead the real detectives by picking the wrong weapon and clue.

Release and reception
Deception: Murder in Hong Kong was initially sold via Kickstarter, with 1,796 backers contributing $65,777 during the campaign. It was delivered to backers in December 2015 and then released in retail stores.

Deception: Murder in Hong Kong won the Dice Tower Seal of Excellence. The website BoardGameGeek gave it the score of 7.5/10.

Expansions
The first expansion, Undercover Allies, was released in December 2017, adding three new roles to the game (Lab technician, Clever Accomplice and an Inside man). It adds also more clue cards and tokens to the game, allowing it to be played by 14 players.

See also
 The Resistance (game)
Mafia
Werewolves

References

External links
  how to play on Geek & Sundry
  on Dice Tower

Category:Board games
Category:Board games introduced in 2015
Category:Multiplayer games
Category:Tabletop games
Category:Social deduction games


Hami (disambiguation)

Hami is a prefecture-level city in Xinjiang, China.

Hami may also refer to:

Yizhou District, Hami, formerly Hami county-level city, now the central district of Hami
Hami melon, a type of muskmelon grown in Hami
Hami Desert, Xinjiang, China
Hami, Iran, a village in South Khorasan Province
Hami, Yemen
Hami, Kagoshima, Japan