Helen M. Roberts

Helen Marguerite (Emery) Roberts (January 20, 1896 – June 22, 1983) was an American writer, photographer, and multilingual educator. From 1958 to 1975, she battled illiteracy in Africa, teaching reading, writing, health and Christian religion to thousands of illiterate adults. In the course of her African work, she mentored and sponsored many promising young Africans, encouraging them to pursue higher education, including Barack H. Obama, the father of President of the United States Barack Obama.

Early life

Helen Marguerite Emery was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as the daughter of Dr. William John Hunter Emery (a Canadian surgeon) and his wife, Ethel Margaret (Job). In 1911, she moved with her family to Porterville, California, where her father had purchased an orange ranch in pursuit of a less stressful lifestyle. In September 1912, Helen attended University of Southern California, studying pre-med. She became a Student Volunteer, which meant that she pledged herself for missionary service – as a medical missionary. By the end of her second year at USC, family financial struggles resulted in terminating further classwork.
In 1916, she married Jewell Roberts (1893–1952). From 1916 to 1927, they lived in Porterville, Bakersfield, Sacramento, Oregon, and Fresno, and during this time had four children: Howard, Kenneth, Muriel, and Donald. While living in Fresno, Helen entered Fresno State University to resume her college education. She practiced teaching in the adult education program, helping Mexican women to read, write and speak English, through practical situations. She graduated and received an Elementary and Jr. High School teaching credential. By 1952, her four children were married, and had graduated from Stanford University. Jewell died February 2, leaving Helen a widow at 56 years old.

Early literature

In 1935 she and her family moved to Berkeley for two years and then to Palo Alto. For the next 23 years, Helen actively wrote and produced more than 60 children's plays for the Palo Alto Children's Theater. She averaged 3 plays per year, while in some years produced as many as 13. She also pursued photography and had her own dark room for her enlargements. She wrote several articles and illustrated them with her photographs in Peninsula Life and other magazines.

In the mid-1940s she became interested in the California Missions. In 1948 to usher in the centennial of California's Gold Rush, Stanford University Press published Mission Tales in 21 small booklets, one for each California mission. While they were still in galley proof, three newspapers – The Fresno Bee, The Sacramento Bee and The Bakersfield Bee, produced them as educational material in 13 episodes of Cavalcade of California, which were transmitted into the schools via Radio KFWB. Later Mission Tales were republished in 7 volumes with three of the small books in each volume. Helen's daughter Muriel provided the more than 250 illustrations for the stories.

African literacy missionary

In 1953, she began her pursuit of battling illiteracy, which resulted in an assignment to help in the Migrant Ministry in California. For the next few years, Helen applied herself as a volunteer to help Santa Clara Valley migrant camp adults and children. She held worship services, and taught the children and the mothers who weren't working by holding classes on sewing, crafts, reading and writing. Helen wrote, photographed and recorded a filmstrip which the migrant ministry used as training in other places.
In 1957, Helen met Dr. Frank C. Laubach, who at the time was nicknamed the "Apostle of Literacy". Dr. Laubach was a Methodist teacher and writer, who developed a method of teaching people of remote cultures how to read and write in their own language. The program was called "Each One, Teach One", which has influenced a worldwide literacy movement over many decades. Her meeting with Dr. Laubach ultimately resulted in her assignment to a new 2 year Laubach Literacy program in Africa.

1958 was to be the first of 17 years that Helen spent in Kenya and later in Rhodesia. Africa at that time was a country where eight of every ten adults could not read or write. At first, she assisted with English language classes for African adults who were literate in their own language. Then she learned the native Swahili and helped teach classes of adult illiterates. She continued her writing of books on language, health, family finance, religion, and a variety of other subjects in the Swahili language. She also trained many teachers in the Laubach method of attacking adult illiteracy. While in Kenya, she wrote the scripts for 26 television lessons, and assisted with the filming details, thus pioneering the use of television in battling illiteracy in Africa. She also wrote many plays as another means to teach life lessons. During her early years in Kenya, Helen wrote Dr. Laubach's biography entitled Champion of the Silent Billion.

In Dr. Laubach's book Forty Years With The Silent Billion, he mentions that Helen Roberts was one of the most dedicated workers that the literacy campaign had ever had. In spite of her advanced age (she was a grandmother of fifteen when she moved to Africa), her work in Kenya contributed much to the remarkable progress of literacy in that country. The Kenyan leaders were enthusiastic about her work, and paid her high tribute.

In 1959, students traveled to the US in a coordinated "airlift", substantially sponsored by Harry Belafonte, Jackie Robinson, Sidney Poitier, and Senator John F. Kennedy's family foundation. Helen Roberts is mentioned in the detailed accounting of this initiative in Tom Shachtman's Airlift to America. According to Shachtman, subsequent airlifts coordinated by a nonprofit entity known as the African American Students Foundation would send hundreds of East African students to the US. These students would achieve a remarkable record of accomplishment, many of whom returned to Africa, to significant positions in government and society. One member was Wangari Maathai, who became the first African woman to become a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

Tom Mboya, a Kenyan politician during Jomo Kenyatta's government, was founder of the Nairobi People's Congress Party. He was particularly instrumental in coordinating the airlifts, and securing financial aid for those Kenyan students. Mboya was a strong supporter of the Kenyan literacy campaign, as he felt strongly that literacy was an important fundamental step towards political independence. He mentions in his book Freedom and After, that the literacy 'picture' in Kenya was growing brighter, due to the "tireless work by an American lady, Mrs. Helen Roberts, in organizing 'workshops' for literacy teachers, writing Laubach primers in vernacular languages, and preparing literacy lessons for television".

In 1960, Helen was contacted by two women, Stella Greenway and Margaret Carmody, who had been seeking to establish a literacy program in Rhodesia. Helen in Kenya and Louise d'Oliveira in the Congo, visited Harara (then Salisbury) and provided charts, copies of primers and the encouragement to form the Adult Literacy Organization (ALO). This provided a turning point in Rhodesia's literacy movement, as Helen provided the essential know-how for the early campaign. In 1963, Helen moved to Salisbury with her friend, Alice Sanderson, and provided the fledgling ALO with material and training for volunteer tutors. By 1965, they had trained 715 volunteer teachers in Rhodesia. By the 1970s, ALO was renamed Adult Literacy Organization of Rhodesia (ALOR) and in 1980 following Helen's return to America, it was renamed the Adult Literacy Organization of Zimbabwe. Alice Sanderson had resigned as director in 1974, but remained a literacy consultant until the late 1980s.

Helen spent 12 years in Rhodesia, teaching, writing, and training volunteer workers and teachers. While In Rhodesia, she wrote their first Shona language primer, and published African Scenes and Symbols, a book of forty meditations and forty full page photographs of African Scenes. She published two additional books entitled Search for Love and If You Only Knew. She also wrote a variety of religious novels, meditations, and prayers, many of which were eventually published.

Mentor to Barack Obama Sr.

In the course of her teachings and writings in Kenya and Rhodesia, Roberts and her literacy associate Elizabeth "Betty" Mooney Kirk would cross paths with many inspired and gifted Africans, in whom they saw great promise. Helen and Betty were instrumental in coordinating passage for many of these students to America to further their education, with the hopes that they would return to Africa to aid in the literacy cause and improve African leadership.

One young man who showed particular promise was named Barack Hussein Obama. Helen and Betty hired him, first as a literacy program office clerk. Later when Helen and Betty decided to publish reading primers in five tribal languages—Kikuyu, Kamba, Kalenjin, Masai, and Dholuo, they chose Obama to write three primers in his native Luo language. They coordinated first the completion of his correspondence school certificate, and later his American college applications which culminated in his acceptance to the University of Hawaii. When he missed the first airlift to America, Helen and Betty stepped in and raised money for him to travel on a parallel flight. Betty paid his entire first year tuition. Helen committed herself to watching over and financially supporting the family that he had left behind, for as long as she remained in Nairobi. She accepted this responsibility in spite of her very limited source of income, which consisted of a small social security check each month. While at the University of Hawaii, he met Stanley Ann Dunham in 1960, and they married in 1961. Their son Barack Hussein Obama II was born that year.

Helen is also referenced in Barack Obama's Dreams from my Father. Her participation in Obama Sr's mentoring was further mentioned in Mike Seccombe's Unlikely Events Recall Story of This President.

Final years

In 1975 at the age of 79, Roberts returned to Los Angeles, where she retired to Leisure World. She joined a writing group that wrote and produced television plays. At 85 years old, she wrote a series of books relating to religious themes, wherein each book contained a collection of images that she painted, based on her many photographs taken while abroad.

In 1982, Helen began her final project; her autobiography. This 305-page project, The Unfolding Trail, was completed shortly before her death in 1983.

Bibliography

Children's stories, plays, and pageants

The Little Shepherd Who Was Left Behind (1938) A Christmas play in three parts. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
Path to the Left (1939) A one-act comedy. Eldridge Entertainment House, Inc.
The Fourth King (December 1940) A children's radio play. The Gospel Trumpet, vol. 60, n49, pp. 20–22
The Miracle of The Christmas Creche (1941) A Christmas play in one act. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
The Keys to Happiness (1942) A Christmas play in one act. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
A Candle For The Prince (1943) A Christmas play in one act. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
The Boy Dreamer (1943) 3-act play on Columbus. Plays: The Drama Magazine for Young People, Vol. 3, pp. 25–?
No More Christmas (1944) A Christmas play in one act. Minneapolis: T. S. Denison
Pinkie and The Tin Bugler (1944) A Christmas play in one act. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
Ghosts or Guests (1944) A comedy in one act for nine women. Banner Play Bureau.
The Mad Tea Party (1945) A farce comedy in one act for eight women. Banner Play Bureau.
The Little Lame Shepherd (1945) A Christmas play in two parts. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
Double, Double Trouble (1945) A comedy in one act for 8 women or teen age girls. Banner Play Bureau, Inc
And Lo, The Stars (1946) A Christmas play in two scenes. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
The Hope of The World (1946) A Christmas Pageant in eight episodes. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
Aunt Kitty to the Rescue (1946) A comedy in one act for eight women. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.
The Warrior of San Raphael (March 1946) The Catholic Student Magazine, pages 14–15, 26, 28
Beneath the Thunderoak (December 1946) A children's play in two scenes. The Catholic Miss of America, pp. 12–13, 18, 38The Song of the Calliope (March 1947) Catholic Youth, pages 18–19The Star Grew Dim (1947) A play with all-male cast. Standard Christmas Book, n7, pp. 21–30Lincoln the Immortal (February 1947) A children's play. The Catholic Boy, pp. 6–7,18He Lives (April 1947) Trails for Juniors, v6, n4, pages 1–2The Littlest Angel (1947) A Christmas play in one act. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.Mother Cabrini (November 1947) A three-scene play for children. Manna, pp. 264–273Mission Tales (1947) A collection of children's stories each based on a historical accounting of the California Missions. Stanford University Press.The Lost Garment (March 1948) A children's play. The Catholic Boy, pp. 10–11,20,24Parade of California's Progress (1948) Banner Play Bureau, Inc.They Found Gold in California (1948) A discovery of gold play in one act. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.Junior High Plays for Special Occasions (1948) A collection of ten- to twenty-minute plays for junior high and the upper grades. Banner Bureau.The Golden Moth (November 1949) Wee Wisdom, a magazine for boys and girls, pp. 12–14, 27The Cathedral Miracle (1950) A Christmas play in two short scenes. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.Joseph's Garden (March 1951) A two scene play for Eastertime. Country Gentlewoman League, pp. 1–14Pedro the In-Between (1951) Our Little Friend, Mountain View, Calif., v62, n37, pp. 1–2The Servant at the Inn (1955) A Christmas play in one act. Banner Play Bureau.The Light of The World (1958) A Christmas pageant in six episodes. Banner Play Bureau, Inc.The Long Road to Bethlehem (19??) A Christmas play. Eldridge Publishing Company, Franklin, Ohio, Eldridge Christmas Entertainments.The Lonely Fir Tree (19??) A children's play in 3 scenes. Plays, Inc.Pocahontas, the Tomboy Princess (19??) An historical play.

 Biographies and other works Discovery By Accident? (March 1947) Peninsula Life, pp. 18, 50–51Highroad of The Spaniards (March 1947) Peninsula Life, pp. 20, 26–27Follow the Joshua Trail (March 1947) Westways, pages 20–21Father Junipera Serra (April 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 16, 49–50Carrera De Gallo or Cock Chase (April 1947) Peninsula Life, page 48Mission San Jose – 150 Years Old (May 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 19,48–49California (June 1947) Peninsula Life, page 10The Show-Offs (June 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 25, 47–48San Francisco (July 1947) Peninsula Life, page 15Roundup Time in Early California (July 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 24, 50, 51Santa Clara (August 1947) Peninsula Life, page 7The Staff of Life (August 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 25, 37–40Ibsen And I (August 1947) The Author & Journalist, page 11San Mateo's Saints (September 1947) Peninsula Life, page 7Rosicrucian "Theatre of the Sky" (September 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 21, 39–41The Bay Islands (October 1947) Peninsula Life, page 6San Jose (November 1947) Peninsula Life, page 11Christmas in Early California (December 1947) Peninsula Life, pages 27, 52, 54New Year's Point (January 1948) Peninsula Life, page 12Canoes, Caravels and Clippers (January 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 18, 47–49g"Mission Tales" (March 1948) Peninsula Life, page 22Helen M. Roberts (March 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 42–43Glamorous Queen Nefertiti (March 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 31, 65–66Gold Empire Builder (April 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 25–26, 50–51Royalty in a Tree-Top Cradle (May 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 42, 50–51How Long Will Redwoods Reign? (June 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 24–25, 32Autumn Calls You (September 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 26–27Imprint of Historic Trek On Our Land (October 1948) Peninsula Life, pages 21–22Early Education Trails (February 1949) Peninsula Life, pages 12–13The Miracle of the Monarchs (February 1951) Our Little Friend, Mountain View CA, v62, n8, pages 1–2Champion of the Silent Billion (1961). The story of Dr. Frank C. Laubach, Apostle of Literacy

 African publications Kuanza Kusoma (1959–1962) – Swahili Primers. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.Kuanza Kusoma Kitabu cha IIKuanza Kusoma Kitabu cha IIIKuanza Kusoma - Kitabu cha TatuNjia Za Afya (1959). Swahili: Ways to Health. Prepared Under the Direction of Helen M. Roberts. Illustrated by Sheila Mayo. Eagle PressNjia Za Kutunza Pesa Zako: kituba cha watu wazima wanaojifunza kusoma (1960) – (How to Look After Your Money. A Reader for Adult Literacy Schemes. Prepared Under the Direction of Helen M. Roberts for Adult Literacy Section, Kenya Education Department.). Swahili. Eagle PressKuanza kusoma: usomaji wa watu wazima (1962). Literacy centre, kitabu hiki chafuata niija ya kusomesha inayotumiwa na Frank Laubach. Eagle Press.Kitabu cha kuandika kwa kuanza kusoma (1962). Eagle Press.In the Beginning; Retold from the Bible (1962). East African Literature Bureau.Kitabu cha kuhesabu kwa Kuanza kusoma Kenya Broadcasting Corp (television script), East African Literature Bureau, 1963Know Yourself (1963) – A guide for adolescent girls. East African Literature Bureau.Mother and Child (1963) – Child rearing. East African Literature Bureau.Ekuqaleni [In the Beginning] (1965) Bulawayo Daystar Publications.African Scenes and Symbols (1965). A book of forty meditations and forty full page photographs of African Scenes. Rhodesian Christian Press, Daystar Publications.Munho Woruzivo (1966) Parables, Shona – Bulawayo: Daystar PublicationsKuanza Kusoma, kimetungwa kwa usomaji wa watu wazima, Volume 2 (1969). East African Literature Bureau. Swahili language.Search for Love (1975). Mambo Press, Senga Road, Gwelo.If You Only Knew'' (1976) – Reflections based on Scripture. Mambo Press, Senga Road, Gwelo.

References

Category:1896 births
Category:1983 deaths
Category:People from Porterville, California
Category:University of Southern California alumni
Category:California State University, Fresno alumni
Category:Writers from Los Angeles
Category:Writers from Toronto


Iruttinte Athmavu

Iruttinte Athmavu (, ) is a 1967 Indian  Malayalam-language film directed by P. Bhaskaran and written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair based on his own short story of the same name. It stars Prem Nazir, Sharada, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, P. J. Antony, Ushakumari, Kozhikode Shantha Devi and Baby Rajani in important roles, and features music by M. S. Baburaj, cinematography by E. N. Balakrishnan and editing by G. Venkitaraman and Das.

The film is about a mentally retarded youth born into a matriarchal family who is forced to live as a mad man in chains and who is misunderstood and ill-treated by everyone except his uncle's daughter. Prem Nazir played the mentally challenged Bhranthan Velayudhan, widely accepted to be an extraordinary performance and one of the best in his career. Nazir himself rated his role of Velayudhan in Iruttinte Athmavu and as the swashbuckling folk hero Thampan in Padayottam as his best. Also, its script is regarded as one of the finest by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. A major landmark in Malayalam cinema, the film provided Malayalam cinema with a new direction; that of the low-budget film. The film has earned a dedicated cult following. It won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues. It missed the Best Film and Best Actor (Prem Nazir) award only narrowly. Despite all the acclaim, the film was a box office failure.

The film was part of MT's trilogy of political melodramas – the other two being Murappennu (1965) and Asuravithu (1968), both directed by A. Vincent. Major indoor parts of the film were shot in Satya Studios in Madras and outdoor parts from the premises of Bharathapuzha at Shoranur.

Plot
Velayudan's existence posed a problem to all the members of the joint family. Velayudhan is a twenty-one-year-old man, but he has the intelligence of a child. The head of the joint family thinks Velayudan symbolizes the curse which hangs heavy over the house. To his mother, he is the source of constant sorrow.  His uncle's daughter is his would-be bride.  He is attached to her.  She is very kind to him and refuses to treat him as a mad man. Velayudan triggers problems one after the other and every new lapse help only to put fresh chains. He refuses to feel he is mad.  In the end, Ammukutty is given away in marriage to an old widower. Velayudhan surrenders himself and yells "Chain me, I am mad!"

Cast

 Prem Nazir as Bhranthan Velayudhan
 Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as Madhavan Nair (Karanavar)
 P. J. Antony as Gopalan Nair
 M. S. Nampoothiri as Muthachan (grandfather)
 T. S. Muthaiah as Rajan
 K. Balaji as Chandran
 Sankaradi as Achuthan Nair (house servant)
 Adoor Bhasi as Guru Kunhichathu
 Kaduvakulam Antony as Jyotsyan (astrologist)
 Baby Rajani as Unni
 Sharada as Ammukutty
 Ushakumari/Vennira Aadai Nirmala as Prema
 Kozhikode Shantha Devi as Parukkutty Amma (Velayudhan's mother)
 Philomina as Meenakshi Amma
 Padmini as Nani
 Shobha as Malini
 Seleena as Neeli
 Rugmini as Karthi

Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. S. Baburaj and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran. All songs in the film were sung by S. Janaki, which is a landmark.

Writing
The film is scripted by M. T. Vasudevan Nair based on his own a short story with the same name. The screenplay is regarded as one of the finest by the noted writer. One could see a lot of the pre-occupations of the scenarist, who carried the touches of human relationships through all of his subsequent films whether as screenplay writer or director. A part of the screenplay of Iruttinte Athmavu is being taught in school classes while the complete screenplay is being taught at degree level.

Legacy
The film provided Malayalam cinema with a new direction; that of the low-budget film. In spite of its large number of studio shots and overall theatricality, the film was so culturally rich that many of the episodes would become archetypes for future Malayalam film makers dealing with family drama.

References

External links

Category:1960s Malayalam-language films
Category:Indian films
Category:Films based on short fiction
Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair


Multipliers and centralizers (Banach spaces)

In mathematics, multipliers and centralizers are algebraic objects in the study of Banach spaces. They are used, for example, in generalizations of the Banach-Stone theorem.

Definitions

Let (X, ‖·‖) be a Banach space over a field K (either the real or complex numbers), and let Ext(X) be the set of extreme points of the closed unit ball of the continuous dual space X∗.

A continuous linear operator T : X → X is said to be a multiplier if every point p in Ext(X) is an eigenvector for the adjoint operator T∗ : X∗ → X∗. That is, there exists a function aT : Ext(X) → K such that

making  the eigenvalue corresponding to p. Given two multipliers S and T on X, S is said to be an adjoint for T if

i.e. aS agrees with aT in the real case, and with the complex conjugate of aT in the complex case.

The centralizer (or commutant) of X, denoted Z(X), is the set of all multipliers on X for which an adjoint exists.

Properties

 The multiplier adjoint of a multiplier T, if it exists, is unique; the unique adjoint of T is denoted T∗.
 If the field K is the real numbers, then every multiplier on X lies in the centralizer of X.

See also
 Centralizer and normalizer

References

Category:Banach spaces
Category:Operator theory


Randy Pietzman

Randy Pietzman (born June 1, 1961) is an American politician. He is a member of the Missouri House of Representatives, having served since 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Missouri House of Representatives
Category:Missouri Republicans
Category:1961 births
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:People from Troy, Missouri


Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch

Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are a class of riboswitch that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, which is a second messenger that is used in a variety of microbial processes including virulence, motility and biofilm formation.  Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches were originally identified by bioinformatics as a conserved RNA-like structure called the "GEMM motif".  These riboswitches are present in a wide variety of bacteria, and are most common in Clostridia and certain varieties of Proteobacteria.  The riboswitches are present in pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, Vibrio cholerae (which causes cholera) and Bacillus anthracis (which causes anthrax).  Geobacter uraniumreducens is predicted to have 30 instances of this riboswitch in its genome.  A bacteriophage that infects C. difficile is predicted to carry a cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch, which it might use to detect and exploit the physiological state of bacteria that it infects.

The discovery of this riboswitch class answers the question of how genes are regulated in response to cyclic di-GMP levels in many different bacteria.  However, some bacteria in which cyclic di-GMP has been studied lack cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are the first kind of riboswitch to be discovered whose role is not primarily in regulating metabolism, but is instead part of signaling.  A second class of riboswitch that binds cyclic di-GMP is called the cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch.  The two classes of cyclic di-GMP-binding riboswitches do not share any known sequence or structural features.

High-resolution three-dimensional structures of cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches have been determined using X-ray crystallography.

Some homologs of the c-di-GMP-I riboswitch structure actually function a riboswitches that recognize another signaling molecule, cyclic AMP-GMP.

References

External links

Category:Cis-regulatory RNA elements
Category:Riboswitch


Chau Say Tevoda

Chau Say Tevoda (, literally: prolific grandchildren of a deity) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia. It is just east of Angkor Thom, directly south of Thommanon across the Victory Way (it pre-dates the former and post-dates the latter). Built in the mid-12th century, it is a Hindu temple in the Angkor Wat period. It is dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu with unique types of female sculptures of devatas enshrined in it. The Buddha images have been interpreted to have been built during the reign of Dharanindravarman, father of Jayavarman VII, who ruled from Preah Khan of Kompong. The temple was in a dilapidated state with 4,000 of its elements lying scattered on the embankment and in the Siem Reap River. Many of these elements were used in the restoration work carried out by a Chinese team between 2000 and 2009 under a project sponsored by the People's Republic of China. The temple was reopened in late 2009.

Location
Chau Say Tevoda is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia just to the northeast of the ancient capital Angkor Thom's east gate, directly south of Thommanon across the Victory Way (it pre-dates the former and post-dates the latter). It is on a road which has the Thomannon temple on its opposite side,  from the east gate and  to a bridge built with carved stones from temple ruins in the vicinity. The bridge is without a river flowing beneath it in view of the shifting nature of the course of the Siem Reap River.

History
Originally Chau Say Tevoda was partly built in the mid-12th century under the reign of King Suryavarman II. Further supplementation of structures was done under the reign of Jayavarman VII. Though the temple was built under Hindu kings during the 11th and 12th centuries with predominantly Hindu deities such as Shiva and Vishnu, representation of Buddha images was interpreted to have been built during the reign of Dharanindravarman, father of Jayavarman VII, who ruled from Preah Khan Kompong Svay.

The temple was reconstructed on the basis of about 4,000 elements of the temple that were found lying around at the site. This restoration was done by a Chinese team between 2000 and 2009 under a project sponsored by the People's Republic of China.

Features

The Tevoda is built to a cruciform plan and linked to an entrance hall, similar to the Hindu temples built in India, particularly in Odisha. The temple has four gopuras or towers on the four cardinal signs with an entrance from the east though a raised bridge. The long hall, which links the gopuras and central chamber of the temple, has very elegant flower decorations. The temple consists of a central tower with an attached mandapa, which is achieved through an antarala chamber of small size, and with two libraries on its southern and northern sides.

It is enclosed by a compound wall which has four gopuras or towers. To its east, there is a raised causeway that leads to the Siem Reap River. Many of the sculptures depict Vishnu and are in a fairly good condition. However, the main deity of the temple is Shiva. Some of the sculptures are also of Buddha but disfigured totally. With time the ceiling has collapsed and led to further deterioration. The defaced Buddhas, which are deified in a lotus posture, flanked by devotees, are in a mandapa behind a pediment from the entrance door which leads to the antarala.

The incomplete eastern Gopura I, which is oriented in the western direction, has a roof which is part of the second "pediment of the lateral southern extension" which is not fully restored. The main figure here is of Buddha in a cross legged posture seated on a high platform flanked by disfigured carvings which are interpreted as that of Garuda and the king of Nagas. The top pediment of this Gopura I with figure of Buddha has an umbrella cover of a Bodhi tree. Carvings depicting episodes from the life of Buddha are seen on the northern door of the eastern Gopura I. A notable bass relief here is of Sita (heroine of the epic Ramayana) in a seated posture over an altar flanked  by rakshasis (female demonesses). Hanuman, in a small monkey form, is carved in sitting posture facing Sita and offering her Rama's ring. A wall built with laterite stones enclosing the temple,  which had existed in the past, has disappeared.

The temple was in a dilapidated state with 4,000 of its elements lying scattered on the embankment and in the Siem Reap River. Between 2000 and 2009 some of these elements were put together under a restoration project initiated by the People's Republic of China. The temple reopened in late 2009 and is fully accessible.

Gallery

References

Bibliography

External links
 Photographic Documentation and Gallery

Category:Hindu temples in Siem Reap Province
Category:Angkorian sites in Siem Reap Province


All-time Atlanta Silverbacks roster

This list comprises all players who have participated in at least one league match for the Atlanta Silverbacks from the time the USL began keeping archived records in 2003, until the team's last competitive season in 2008, and from 2011 to present time in the NASL. Players who were on the roster but never played a first team game are not listed; players who appeared for the team in other competitions (US Open Cup, CONCACAF Champions League, etc.) but never actually made an USL appearance are noted at the bottom of the page where appropriate.

A "†" denotes players who only appeared in a single match.
A "*" denotes players who are known to have appeared for the team prior to 2003.

A
  Joseph Afful
  Jon Akin*
  Daniel Alvarez
  Jason Annicchero*
  Dan Antoniuk
  Steve Armas *
  Shaker Asad
  Ali Janadlah

B
  Alex Bahr
  John Ball
  Devlin Barnes
  Danny Barrera
  Kevin Barrow
  Joe Barton
  Josh Barton
  Keith Beach *
  Sylvan Bednar *
  Patrick Beech *
  Milton Blanco
  Matt Bobo
  Josh Bolton
  Jordy Broder
  Gary Brooks
  Roland Bruklis
  Scott Buete
  José Burciaga, Jr.
  SM Burt
  Peter Byaruhanga

C
  Sean Michael Callahan
  Sean Cameron
  Blake Camp
  Danny Care*
  Borfor Carr
  Josh Casarona
  Juan Castillo*
  Christopher Cogan
 T. Casoya †*
  Greg Chevalier
  Ian Checcio *
  Conor Chinn
  Nico Colaluca
  Judah Cooks
  Junuz Coralic *
  Jon Cox
  Raphael Cox
  Mac Cozier
  Brian Crane *
  Thomas Cudworth *

D
  Yaro Dachniwsky *
  Matt Davenport †*
  Jordan Davis
  Fabian Dawkins
  Antonio De La Torre
  Fred DeGand
  Adilson De Lima
  Ihor Dotsenko *
  Andrew Duran

E
  Matt Elliott*

F
  Paulo Ferreira-Mendes
  Pedro Ferreira-Mendes
  Sean Finn *
  Leslie Fitzpatrick
  Carl Fletcher
  Nelson Fonsecu *
  Chris Fox *

G
  Mike Gailey *
  Liam George
  Jimmy Glenn *
  Philippe Godoy
  Ron Goguen
  Fernando González
  Tally Goode *
  Rivers Guthrie

H
  Duke Hashimoto
  Rafique Hassim
  David Hayes
  Josh Henderson
  Nate Hetherington *
  Matt Horth
  Alvin Hudson
  Maurice Hughes
  Willie Hunt

I
  Ivailo Ilarionov
  Dániel Illyés
 J. Issaur *
  Velko Iotov

J
  Omar Jarun
  Gilbert Jean-Baptiste

K
  Shaun Kalnasy
  Macoumba Kandji
  Grant Kerr
  Zach Kirby
  Chris Klute
  Nathan Knox

L
  Martyn Lancaster
  Matthew Lapish
  Jesse Lasseys †*
   Mark Lavery
  Ryan Leib *
  Andrew Lewis
  Luis Liendo
  Ramón Luna

M
  Chris Mahaffey
  Andreas Maier
  Seth Marks *
  Kohei Matsushita
  Jimmy Maurer
  Ryan McIntosh
  Jason McLaughlin
  Tony McManus
  Shaun McSkimming
  Randy Merkel *
  Machel Millwood
  Byron Mitchell
  Ignace Moleka
  Jerson Monteiro
  Justin Moore
  Chris Mormon *
  Shane Moroney
  Ahmed Mohyeldin *
  Carlos Andres Murriagui Gonzalez
  Travis Marx

N
  Roberto Najarro *
  Joe Nasco
  Alberto Navarro
  Reinaldo Navia
  John Barry Nusum
  Johann Noetzel *
  Guy Norcott *

O
  Ciaran O'Brien
  Dayton O'Brien
  Richard O'Sullivan *
  Matthew O'Toole

P
  Jose Parada
  Carlos Parra
  N. Pasquevila †*
  Lucas Paulini
  Aaron Paye
  Pablo Peirano *
  Zachary Peoples
  Mario Pérez
  Brian Piesner
  Alex Pineda Chacón
  Ronald Plute
  Derek Popovich

Q
  John Queeley
  Felipe Quintero
  Gerardo Quiroz Gardona

R
  Mike Randolph
  Zion Renfrum *
  Richie Richmond
  Rilla
  Rodrigo Ríos
  Angel Rivillo Ruiz
  Anthonoy Roberts *
  Patrick Robertson
  Edmundo Rodriguez *
  Joao Rodriguez
  Marlon Rojas
  Kevin Rueda
  Tyler Ruthven

S
  Miguel Saavedra †
  Jerome Samuel *
  Brent Sancho
  Junior Sandoval
  David Santamaria
  Daryl Sattler
  Paul Schneider
  Mattias Schnorf
  Stilian Shishkov *
  Jacenir Silva
  Josh Smith
  Tony Soto *
  Kristopher Stone
  Mo Suri *

T
  Jason Thompson
  Anthony Tokpah
  Ray Tomlin *
  Ansu Toure
  Danilo Turcios
  Kevin Tyburski *

U
  Warren Ukah
 Ushogyi *

V
  Guy Valcourt *
  Walter Valesky
  Attila Vendegh

W
  Ryan Walker *
  James Wall *
  Dame Walters
  Jahbari Willis
  David Winner *
  Anthony Wolfe
  Alex Woods
  Corey Woolfolk
  Lloyd White

Z
  Emsad Zahirovic
  Zawalislam †*

Sources

Atlanta Silverbacks

Roster
Category:Association football player non-biographical articles


Night Drive (album)

Night Drive (alternatively known as Original Motion Picture Soundtrack IV) is the third studio album by Chromatics, released on August 28, 2007 on the Italians Do It Better record label.  The label reissued an analogue remaster of the album as a "Deluxe Edition" in 2010, on both CD and double LP formats.  A limited print run of the double LP was pressed on colored vinyl: blue for Sides A and B, and red for Sides C and D. The "Deluxe Edition" restores five tracks that had originally constituted Side D of the album, but had been scrapped before the original 2007 release date due to technical problems and time constraints.

With this album, Chromatics made a drastic departure from their previously punk sound, as they pursued a new direction reminiscent of Italo disco.  It is the first full-length Chromatics album to feature singer Ruth Radelet and drummer Nat Walker. Guitarist Adam Miller and multi-instrumentalist Johnny Jewel had been featured on the band's previous LPs.

Musical content
The album's title may be a reference to a 1985 single ("Night Drive"/"Time Space Transmat") by Detroit techno pioneer Juan Atkins.

Opening track "The Telephone Call" contains samples from "Lady Operator" by Mirage and from Chromatics' own tracks "The Killing Spree" and "Let's Make This A Moment To Remember."  It sketches out a plot involving a female protagonist who, after spending an evening at a nightclub, is about to drive home to meet her boyfriend.  It ends with a sample of a car driving off, and then segues into the title track.  Accordingly, these opening two tracks, along with album closer "Accelerator," suggest that the album may be a concept album about a late night drive.

The words of "I Want Your Love" contain a reference to the song "96 Tears" by ? & The Mysterians

"Running Up that Hill" is a cover version of the first track from Kate Bush's 1985 album, Hounds of Love.

The guitar solo in "Healer" contains a musical quotation from Joy Division's "Shadowplay," from their 1979 album, Unknown Pleasures.

Album closer "Accelerator" contains an interpolation of chords from the album's title track.

"Tick of the Clock" has been used in numerous Hollywood films, including Drive and Taken 2. It has been licensed for commercial usage in ad campaigns for National Geographic, AIDS awareness, Miss America, Major League Baseball, HTC, Fox Sports, and many others.

Reception

In a review for AllMusic, K. Ross Hoffman praised how Night Drive "evokes widescreen opulence with a sonic palette that extends beyond the bedrock of synths, guitars, and drum machines to include touches of organ, strings, flutes, and so on, but it's always used sparingly, rarely outstepping the group's meticulously minimal, carefully controlled arrangements". A negative review by Nina Phillips in Stylus Magazine called the album "poorly produced," criticized "Tomorrow Is So Far Away" for its repetitive structure, and cited "Tick of the Clock" as a "conceptual failure".

Andrew Graham, writing for The Boston Phoenix, praised the 2010 remastered and expanded version of the album, calling "Circled Sun" a "newly unearthed gem" and stating that "In less capable hands, Night Drives parts might blur together into a soporific whole, but Chromatics don't let the production dominate".

Track listing

Personnel
Johnny Jewel – programming
 Adam Miller – guitar
 Ruth Radelet – vocals
 Nat Walker – drums

Recorded at Suite 304 during Summer 2007 for Italians Do It Better.

References

Category:2007 albums
Category:Chromatics (band) albums


Pilot Talk III

Pilot Talk III is the seventh studio album by American rapper Curren$y. It was released through his own label Jet Life Recordings on April 4, 2015. It is the third release of his Pilot Talk album series. The album features guest appearances from Riff Raff, Wiz Khalifa, Jadakiss, Styles P and J. Townsend. The album was exclusively released through the Jet Life website through a pre-order pack, and will be released digitally and physically at a later date.

Critical response

Pilot Talk 3 was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 78, which indicates "generally favorable reviews", based on 4 reviews. Pitchfork Media's Julian Kimble wrote that, "Curren$y may not do 'new,' but he is very good at what he does: riffing on cars, money, women, weed, and obscure moments from television shows."
Michael Madden from Consequence of Sound said, "There’s virtually nothing not to like about Pilot Talk III. Like other Curren$y releases, it makes up for its lack of revelations with a contagious joyfulness."

Kellan Miller from HipHopDX said, "While other artists are constantly on the prowl for the latest trend that will keep their names relevant, Spitta never ventures out of his own lane, and yet, his latest material never seems to spoil."
Complex's B.J. Steiner said, "As the third installment of Spitta’s aircraft-themed series, Pilot Talk 3 finds the NOLA sky captain delivering a familiar set of luxury rap fairytales upon which he’s built a quietly impressive career."

Track listing

References

Category:2015 albums
Category:Currensy albums
Category:Albums produced by Jahlil Beats
Category:Albums produced by Cool & Dre
Category:Albums produced by Harry Fraud
Category:Sequel albums


Furnias

Furnias is a barrio in the municipality of Las Marías, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,474.

History
When after the Treaty of Paris (1898), the U.S. conducted its first census of Puerto Rico, the combined population of Furnias barrio and Naranjales barrio was 1,255.

See also

 List of communities in Puerto Rico

References

External links

Category:Barrios of Las Marías, Puerto Rico


List of Kadenang Ginto episodes

Kadenang Ginto (/) is a 2018 Philippine drama television series starring Francine Diaz, Andrea Brillantes, Beauty Gonzalez, Albert Martinez, Dimples Romana, Adrian Alandy and Richard Yap. The series premiered on ABS-CBN's Kapamilya Gold afternoon block and worldwide via The Filipino Channel, replacing Asintado. The series aired from October 8, 2018 to February 7, 2020.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2018–19)

Season 2 (2019)

Season 3 (2019–20)

References

Category:Kadenang Ginto
Category:Lists of Philippine drama television series episodes


Christen Møller

Christen Møller (17 March 1884 – 12 February 1981) was a Danish sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1884 births
Category:1981 deaths
Category:Danish male sport shooters
Category:Olympic shooters of Denmark
Category:Shooters at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Category:Shooters at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Aalborg


Lend Me Your Husband

Lend Me Your Husband is a 1935 British comedy film directed by Frederick Hayward and starring John Stuart, Nora Swinburne and Nancy Burne. It was made at Walton Studios as a quota quickie.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Don Russell.

Cast
 John Stuart as Jeff Green
 Nora Swinburne as Virgie Green
 Nancy Burne as Ba-ba
 Annie Esmond as Mother
 Evan Thomas as Tony

References

Bibliography
 Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
 Wood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.

External links

Category:1935 films
Category:British films
Category:British comedy films
Category:1930s comedy films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films shot at Nettlefold Studios
Category:Quota quickies
Category:British black-and-white films


Dziarnów

Dziarnów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mogielnica, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Mogielnica,  south of Grójec, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Category:Villages in Grójec County


Pratap Singh Baharat

Pratap Singh Barhat  was an independence activist from Rajasthan. He took prominent part in the revolutionary movement against British rule in India. He was son of Kesari Singh Barahath.

Born on 24 May 1893 at Udaipur in Udaipur District in Indian state of Rajasthan he joined the Revolutionary Party as  a follower of Ras Bihari Bose. He participated in the revolutionary plot to throw a bomb at Lord Hardinge, Viceroy of India on 3 December 1912. His uncle Jorawar Singh Barhat was also in that group. He was arrested in Banaras Conspiracy Case and was sentenced in Feb 1916 to five years RI. He was subjected to brutal torture in Bareilly Central Jail to force him to divulge the names of his compatriots.  He refused. He died in the jail on 7 May 1918 as an unsung hero.

See also
 Kesari Singh Barahath
 Ras Bihari Bose
 Shahpura, Bhilwara

Category:Indian revolutionaries
Category:Rajasthani people
Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
Category:People from Bhilwara district


Bheemgarh Dam

Bheemgarh dam or Bhimgarh, officially the Upper Wainganga (Sanjay Sarovar) Dam, is built across the Wainganga river in Chhapara tehsil of Seoni district of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

The structure is 3,871 m long.

The Bhimgarh Sanjay Sarovar Dam is located 43 km away from the Seoni. It is bounded by mountains from all sides.

In recent years, the reservoir has failed to fill.

References

External References

Category:Dams in Madhya Pradesh


Godfrey Baniau

Godfrey Baniau (born 28 February 1977) is a Papua New Guinean footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He has won one cap for the Papua New Guinea national football team.

External links

Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:Papua New Guinean footballers
Category:Papua New Guinea international footballers
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Hekari United players
Category:People from Tanga Islands
Category:People from Namatanai
Category:People from New Ireland Province
Category:People from Madang Province


Pilocrocis dithyralis

Pilocrocis dithyralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in Guyana.

The wingspan is about 32 mm. The wings are cupreous brown, the forewings with a hyaline white spot below the median nervure at the origin of vein 2 and a more prominent small quadrate spot beyond the dark discoidal spot.

References

Category:Pilocrocis
Category:Moths described in 1912
Category:Moths of South America


Attophysics

Attophysics  also known as attoscience is a branch of physics wherein attosecond (10−18 s) duration pulses of electrons or photons are used to probe dynamic processes in matter with unprecedented time resolution. The majority of attoscience employs pump–probe methods.

One of the primary goals of attosecond science is to provide more insights into the dynamics of electrons in molecules.

Today, attophysicists mostly study molecular phenomena, such as how a particular protein breaks down under X-ray bombardment.

See also
 Paul Corkum
 Ferenc Krausz
 Femtochemistry
 Femtotechnology
 Harmonic Generation
 Anne L'Huillier
 Ultrashort pulse

References

Stopping Time: What can you do in a billionth of a billionth of a second?

Category:Particle physics
Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:Time-resolved spectroscopy


Bończa, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Bończa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubasz, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Lubasz,  south of Czarnków, and  north-west of the regional capital Poznań.

The village has a population of 70.

References

Category:Villages in Czarnków-Trzcianka County


Tile Hill railway station

Tile Hill railway station is situated in the west of Tile Hill, Coventry, in the West Midlands of England.  The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by West Midlands Railway.

History
The station was opened in 1850, and was originally known as Allesley Lane, in 1857 it was renamed Allesley Gate, it assumed its current name of Tile Hill in 1864. The station was located at a point where the railway crossed the road on a level crossing. It originally had staggered platforms, with one platform on one side of the level crossing, and the other on the other side. The station was completely rebuilt when the line was electrified in the 1960s in its present more conventional form.

The level crossing adjacent to the station lasted until 2004, when a large bridge was built to carry road traffic over the railway and a footbridge built to connect the station platforms.  Level crossings at the Berkswell railway station and the Canley railway station have also been removed to upgrade the line to carry more high speed trains.

In 2009 the railway platform was extended, almost doubling the size.  This was also the case for a number of smaller stations on this route.

Historically this has been a busy railway station used by many local and non local residents, however, recently after the sale of the overflow carpark to developers there continues to be substantial parking issues at the station and in and around the neighbouring roads.

Services
Tile Hill is served by three trains per hour each way Mon-Sat, to Birmingham New Street northbound and to London Euston via Coventry &  southbound.  Some services start/terminate at either Coventry or Northampton, particularly during the early morning & late evening.  On Sundays, the service is hourly during the morning and every 30 minutes in the afternoon (alternate trains terminate at Coventry during this time).

References

External links

Station on navigable O.S. map
Tile Hill Station - On Warwickshirerailways.com

Category:Railway stations in Coventry
Category:Former London and North Western Railway stations
Category:Railway stations opened in 1850
Category:Railway stations served by West Midlands Trains


Strongsville City Schools 2013 Teacher Strike

Strongsville City Schools (SCS) is the school district for the city of Strongsville, Ohio and consists of 8 schools with an overall total of 6,200 students. The 383 teachers that work for the school district are members of a union called the Strongsville Education Association (SEA). In 2013, SEA and the Strongsville School Board were having contract negotiations for the teachers upcoming contract, after the previous one had expired in June 2012. When negotiations were not agreed upon by the time the teachers' union had set, they went on strike in March 2013. The teacher strike lasted for eight weeks. During this time frame, SEA and its president, Tracy Linscott, held picket lines outside of all the schools within the SCS district. Contracts were agreed upon on April 27, 2013, which ended the eight week strike. Teachers were back into the schools by April 30, 2013.

Negotiations
In the December 2012 five-year-forecast of the SCS district, significant fiscal challenges were outlined. This prompted the Strongsville School Board to seek new concessions in the upcoming contract renewal for the teachers. The School Board wanted:

 Requiring teachers to pay a portion, 15 percent, of their own dental care premiums
 Increasing the teachers monthly health premium
 Conversion of the 9.3% pension pick-up to a 9.3% salary increase
 Using teacher evaluations for lay-offs and only relying on seniority as a tie-breaker

The Strongsville Education Association did not agree with the percentages and new increases in their healthcare. SEA claimed terms were unfair over the course of negotiations before the strike.  The teachers argued that their salary scale had not been increased since the 2007-2008 school year and that their health coverage had already increased since then. Over the course of the eight week strike, Tracy Linscott, SEA President, negotiated with the School Board and the Board President, David Frazee. The final contract was agreed upon by SEA on Saturday, April 27 and the School Board voted unanimously on it on Sunday, April 28. In the end the teachers received the pay increases they wanted but took cuts in health insurance coverage. They also faced backlash from the students and the community that did not support the strike.

During the Strike
On March 4, 2013, students of the SCS district showed up to school and saw their teachers outside with signs and whistles blocking the school driveways. Some of the signs read, "No Contract, No Work!" and, "Lies & tricks will not divide, workers standing side by side". The teachers that were in SEA wore heavy coats and gloves on the picket line. They had tables with hot chocolate and donuts surrounding them, as they had planned to stay outside for the duration of the school day. Several students gathered on the picket line with the teachers to show their support. They had signs that read, "Need a Bandaid for that Scab?", in reference to the nickname the teachers had given the 140 substitutes that had taken their place. When the students that didn't gather on the picket line went into the schools, they were assigned to classrooms by their last names. The classrooms at Strongsville High School were overcrowded because the administration had anticipated lower attendance rates than usual. One picketing teacher at Center Middle School was arrested and charged with disorderly conduct for blocking vehicles from entering the school grounds. On Friday, March 8, just days after the strike began, concerned residents held a rally in the center of town to demonstrate their displeasure with the teachers and SEA. The group that organized the rally called themselves "Taxpayers at the Table" and felt that they should take part in contract negotiations. They were highly displeased with the teachers' tactics and felt they were not demonstrating a good example to their students.

References

Category:2013 in Ohio
Category:2013 labor disputes and strikes
Category:Labor disputes in Ohio
Category:Education strikes


Clay Township, Sullivan County, Missouri

Clay Township is a township in Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Clay Township was erected in 1860.

References

Category:Townships in Missouri
Category:Townships in Sullivan County, Missouri


1972 Malagasy presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 30 January 1972. Incumbent President Philibert Tsiranana of the Social Democratic Party was the only candidate, and won the approval of 99.7% of voters. However, public unrest led to him handing over power to General Gabriel Ramanantsoa. Ramanantsoa put forward proposals for a five-year transition period during which the National Assembly would be suspended. The plans were approved in a referendum later in the year.

Results

References

1972
Category:1972 in Madagascar
Category:1972 elections in Africa
Category:One-party elections
Category:Single-candidate elections
Category:January 1972 events in Africa


Barnardiston

Barnardiston ( ) is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. The village is located about four miles north-east of Haverhill off the A143.

History
The name has an older form of Bernardeston means 'farmstead of a man called Beornheard'. Prior to the mid eighteenth century it often listed as "Barnardiston otherwise Chilbourne", and it is listed as  Cileburna in the Domesday book  The first Domesday listing is of the lands of Earl Ralph, which Goodrich the Steward kept in Suffolk in the King's hand. It consisted of a socman holding 30 acres. There were a bordar, a ploughteam, and 6 acres of meadow, formerly valued at ten shillings. then at twenty shillings.'The other Domesday listing is part of the great possessions of Richard, son of Earl Gislebert. Goodwin, a freeman, held 2 carucates of land, i villein, 4 bordars, formerly 2 ploughteams then one only, 6 acres of meadow, one mill, and one rouncy. The value had been forty shillings., but was then fifty shillings. Geoffrey, son of Hamon, then held over Goodwin.

Barnardiston Church
All Saints church is in the centre of Barnardiston. The church was built before the thirteenth century (according to English Heritage the chancel is thirteenth century but the nave is of earlier origin ). It is situated in the South West corner of the outer enclosure of the medieval manor (see below)  Barnardiston Parish forms part of the Stourhead Benefice, sharing a rector with Kedington, Little Wratting, Great Wratting, Little Thurlow, Great Thurlow, Little Bradley and Great Bradley. Records of a Rector at Barnardiston go well back into the sixteenth century with Thomas Dyeson being the earliest recorded holder in 1555. Between 1815 and around 1860 Barnardiston shared a Rector with Hundon, having only a stipendary curate, but again for around a century from 1860 it had its own Rector and rectory for a population of less than a hundred, before the present arrangements started.

Barnardiston Manor

Barnardiston is also the location of two of only 32 scheduled ancient monuments in Suffolk, the moats and carp pond of a medieval manor. The manor itself was not listed separately in the Domesday book but its moats and carp-pond are scheduled as being prior to 1150 AD. The manor was not present on the 1850 enclosure map, which shows another building, probably a previous rectory, outside the moats in the outer enclosure adjacent to the church.

According to "The Manors of Suffolk", the manor was certainly held by Alexander de Walpole, with evidence from 1312 of a fine levied whereby this Alexander de Walpole, son and heir of Walter de Barnardiston, granted the manor with the advowson to Margery " Wileghby," and Thomas de Barnardiston her son. It was "probably" therefore held by his great grandfather A. de Barnardiston in the time of Richard I (1189-1199), then by his grandfather Simon de Barnardiston, and then by his father Walter de Barnardiston. The Thomas de Barnardiston to whom the manor was granted in 1312 shared the same great grandfather as Alexander be Walpole but his grandfather was William, the brother of the Simon de Barnardiston above-mentioned. Alexander de Walpole had a grant of free warren in Barnardiston Manor in 1347, and presented to the church in 1332 and 1349. Amongst the Harleian Charters in the British Museum is a grant of seisin of the manor in 1397. A fine was levied of part of the manor and also of Kedington Manor by Sir John Bussy, Sir John Leek, and Sir John de Birton against Sir Edmund Perponnte and Francisa his wife. In 1403 there is the record of a fine levied of the manor by Sir Thomas Hawley and others against Roger de Barnardiston. The manor is mentioned in the inquest into the death of Sir Thomas Barnardiston in 1542. Amongst the Harleian manuscripts is a surrender of the manor by Sir John Cheke to Queen Mary I, rated for Francis Knighton 31 May 1557. No written record of the Barnardison manor existing as a building has been found after 1557. Today the moats and carp pond form part of private gardens.

Present day
Barnardiston Hall boarding school, a mile away from the village, used to be the old village hall and farm buildings. It has 250 pupils.

Tour of Britain 2010 Stage 7 went close to the village.

References

External links

All Saints
Route 7
Barnardiston Hall
Roll of Honour WW1

Category:Villages in Suffolk
Category:Barnardiston family
Category:Borough of St Edmundsbury
Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk


Helmuth Förster

Helmuth Förster (19 April 1889 – 7 April 1965) was a German general' in the Luftwaffe during World War II. A decorated World War I aviator, he returned to military service in 1934 as an Oberstleutnant in the Luftwaffe. Promoted to Oberst in 1936, he was appointed to command the 4th Bomber Wing. During the invasion of Poland, Förster commanded the Lehrdivision with significant success. He was then appointed as chief of staff of the 5th Air Fleet during the invasion of Norway. After serving on the German-French Peace Commission, he was appointed as military governor of the German-occupied territory of Serbia from April to June 1941, then commanded the 1st Air Corps during the invasion of the Soviet Union until October 1942. Whilst in command of the 1st Air Corps he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He spent the remainder of the war as chief of administration at the Reich Ministry of Aviation. He was pensioned as an Oberstleutnant in 1952.

Awards and decorations

 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 February 1942 as General der Flieger and commander of I. Flieger-Korps

Footnotes

References

Category:1889 births
Category:1965 deaths
Category:People from Strzelce Opolskie
Category:People from the Province of Silesia
Category:Luftwaffe World War II generals
Category:German military personnel of World War I
Category:Prussian Army personnel
Category:Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern
Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Category:German prisoners of war in World War II
Category:Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
Category:Generals of Aviators


Dante's Inferno (video game)

Dante's Inferno is a 2010 action video game developed by Visceral Games and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable in February 2010. The PlayStation Portable version was developed by Artificial Mind and Movement.

The game's story is loosely based on Inferno, the first canticle of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. It follows Dante, imagined as a Templar knight from the Crusade, who, guided by the spirit of the poet Virgil, needs to fight through the nine Circles of Hell to rescue Beatrice from the clutches of Lucifer himself. In the game, players control Dante from a third-person perspective. His primary weapon is a scythe that can be used in a series of combination attacks and finishing moves. Many attack combinations and abilities can be unlocked in exchange for souls, an in-game currency that is collected upon defeating enemies.

Before the game's release, Dante's Inferno underwent a prominent, at times elaborate marketing campaign led by the game's publisher Electronic Arts. This included the release of a fake religious game called Mass: We Pray, a motion controller-based game supposedly allowing players to engage in an interactive prayer and church sermon. The game received generally positive reviews upon release; critics praised the game's art style and level design, with some comparing it to God of War III.

A direct-to-DVD animated movie based on the video game, titled Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic, was released simultaneously with it.

Gameplay

Dante's Inferno is an action-adventure game. The player controls Dante, the game's protagonist, and engages in fast-paced combat, platforming and environment-based puzzles. In the game, Dante's primary weapon is Death's scythe that can be used in a series of combination attacks and finishing moves. His secondary weapon is a Holy Cross that fires a volley of energy as a projectile attack. In addition, Dante can use numerous magic based attacks and abilities channeled from a mana pool to help in combat, many of which are obtained as the game progresses. A quick time event system is used when attempting to discharge the demon of its master (unbind from host) and during boss fights, where players must press the highlighted button on screen in order to continue the chain of attacks, or be countered and wounded otherwise.

Many attack combinations and abilities can be unlocked in exchange for souls, an in-game currency that is collected upon defeating enemies or locating soul fountains. Each of these skills fall into two categories; Holy (represented by blue orbs) or Unholy (represented by red orbs) skill trees. At the beginning of the game, both skill trees are equal in power, but as Dante gains more Holy and Unholy experience, more abilities become available for purchase. Experience is collected through the game's "Punish or Absolve" system, where upon defeating enemies, Dante can either punish and dismember them or absolve and save them with the Holy Cross. Much experience can also be accumulated in punishing or absolving the damned souls of many famous figures in history that appear in Dante Alighieri's original The Divine Comedy whereupon choosing their fates, players enter a mini game where the characters' "sins" move towards the center of the screen, pressing required action symbols once the sin is in place. Players are rewarded with more souls and experience as the number of sins collected increases.

The game involves large sections of platforming, including swinging between ropes and climbing walls, both of which can involve hazards such as fire or swinging blades. There is also a series of environment-based puzzle sequences that can impair the progress of Dante's quest, such as requiring the correct positioning of movable objects or pulling levers at the appropriate time. In addition, there are numerous hidden passages where Biblical relics can be found and equipped to improve Dante's abilities.

Plot
The story follows Dante, a Templar knight from the Crusade who (despite his faith) has committed numerous atrocities during the Third Crusade. At the city of Acre, Dante is entrusted to keep a group of Saracen prisoners safe so King Richard I could obtain a holy relic from Saladin. But once he brutally slaughters them, Dante is ordered to take the holy relic. During the attack, Dante is stabbed in the back by an Assassin, whereupon Death appears and condemns Dante to "everlasting damnation for [his] sins," despite being promised by a Bishop that his sins would be absolved. Dante refuses to accept his fate, vows to redeem himself, and defeats Death while taking his scythe. Dante leaves the Crusade, stitching a red holy cross-shaped tapestry onto his torso, depicting every sin he has committed in the past. He returns to Florence, only to find his lover Beatrice Portinari and father Alighiero brutally murdered. Beatrice's soul appears before Dante, telling him that she knew he would come after her before a shadowy manifestation of Lucifer drags her into darkness. After making it to a chapel, Dante blesses the holy cross that Beatrice gave him upon making their vows to be true to each other, to protect him against the evils that await. Upon doing so, a crack in the earth opens up, allowing Dante to descend to the Gates of Hell.

At the Gates, he encounters Virgil, who knows of Dante's past sins, yet agrees to guide him through the Nine Circles of Hell in exchange for Beatrice putting in a word for him in Heaven. Dante begins his descent at the shores of Hell where the newly damned souls are forced aboard the great ferry of Charon.  Dante forces Charon to sail him across. After this, Charon is destroyed when Dante tears his head off using a beast-mount. After arriving at Limbo, Dante confronts the serpentine Judge of the Damned, King Minos. After Minos denies Dante passage deeper into Hell, Dante fights the Judge and kills him. Dante then enters the second circle, Lust, where he enters the Carnal Tower to find Beatrice, whose soul is slowly being corrupted into a succubus by Lucifer, who also reveals to her that Dante broke his vows to Beatrice with a captive woman back in Acre, in exchange for sparing the life of her "brother". Reaching the top of the tower, Dante confronts and slays the gigantic Queen Cleopatra and her lover Mark Antony. Entering the third circle Gluttony, Dante slays its guardian the "Great Worm" Cerberus. It is here where Lucifer shows Dante how Beatrice and his father Alighiero met their demise, both being slain by the assassin from Acre, revealed to be the husband, not the brother as she claimed, of the captive Dante slept with.

In the fourth circle; Greed, Dante encounters the greatly deformed soul of his father Alighiero. After overcoming the puzzles of the fallen God of Wealth Plutus, Dante defeats Alighiero and absolves him. In the fifth circle, Anger, Dante begins to float across the vile River Styx on what appears to be a floating platform. Upon reaching the other side, however, the platform is in fact the top of the head of the gigantic fiery demon Phlegyas who attacks Dante. Overcoming this, Lucifer appears before Dante with Beatrice who, broken-hearted by Dante's betrayals, willingly gives herself to Lucifer by eating the forbidden fruit. Dante rides atop Phlegyas who he controls to smash down the walls of the City of Dis and into the sixth circle, Heresy. Beyond lies the seventh circle, Violence, including Phlegethon and the Wood of Suicides. Within the woods Dante encounters his mother Bella. He becomes deeply saddened and enraged, having been told as a child that she died of an illness but in fact hanged herself because of his father's cruelty. Absolving her of her sin, he continues beyond the woods to the Abominable Sands for those violent against God, where Dante also encounters his former comrade Crusader and future brother-in-law Francesco, who is now a horribly disfigured version of his former self and desires revenge against Dante for his state of being. Upon defeating Francesco, Dante absolves him and descends into the eighth circle, Fraud.

Before Dante can reach Lucifer, Beatrice puts him through the challenges of ten stages of the Malebolge, each depicting the fraudsters throughout history from simple thieves to the false popes. At the entrance of the ninth and last circle, Treachery, Dante insists to Beatrice that he has faced all of his sins. Beatrice reminds him that he slaughtered the Saracen prisoners out of anger and that Francesco died taking the blame for it. Realizing that he has sinned beyond redemption, Dante admits that his place is in Hell and asks Beatrice to forgive him. This act of supreme sacrifice undoes Beatrice's transformation and restores her to her former self. As Dante watches, the Archangel Gabriel descends from Heaven and carries Beatrice's soul away, promising Dante that he will see Beatrice again and that his redemption is close at hand.

Journeying through the icy realm of Treachery and fighting his way to Lake Cocytus, Dante finally confronts Lucifer himself, an enormous three-faced demon chained within the frozen lake. After defeating the giant demon, Lucifer reveals that several enormous chains Dante had destroyed to proceed were the Chains of Judecca, which kept him imprisoned in Lake Cocytus and inside the body of the giant three-headed demon. Lucifer reveals that he merely used Beatrice as bait to get Dante to break the chains and free him. Lucifer emerges from the giant monster in his true form, a horned, satyr-like monster, and battles Dante. Through great struggle, Dante is able to defeat Lucifer and impales him on Death's Scythe. Before Dante can attack again, Lucifer summons the vision of the assassin stabbing Dante in Acre; which shows him collapsing to the ground. Dante is horrified to realize that he actually died and thus cannot leave Hell, which is forbidden by God. Lucifer gleefully reveals that, now free, he will rise from Hell, overthrow God and seize Heaven, eliminating all that is good from the universe forever. But Dante, with the aid of the souls he gained through his trials, absolves himself and re-imprisons Lucifer deeper in the ice once again.

Dante is then taken to Purgatory, where he sees himself near Mount Purgatory with Beatrice's soul awaiting him in Paradise. He then rips off the tapestry from his chest and walks away with Beatrice's soul. As the ripped tapestry disintegrates to a snake that slithers away, Lucifer's haunting laugh echoes for the final time, implying that the snake is his manifestation and that Lucifer awaits his revenge or that he will only be destroyed until the Last Judgment.

Development
A playable demo was released for PlayStation 3 on December 10, 2009, and for Xbox 360 on December 24, 2009.

Release
Dante's Inferno was first released across Europe on February 5, 2010. In addition to the standard retail copy of the game, a second limited special edition of the game for both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 was released alongside known as the "Death Edition". Along with the standard copy of the game, the Death Edition was packaged in a fold out card packaging depicting each circle of hell as well as a second bonus disc that featured a making-of documentary, the documentary "Dante in History", the full soundtrack, a documentary on the creation of the music and audio, a digital art book (Barlowe's Inferno) edited by visual designer Wayne Barlowe, over 10 minutes of scenes from Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic, and a digital reprint of the complete original poem in English. The edition also included a voucher containing an online activated code for an additional skin model for Dante, being the space suit of Isaac Clarke, the main character from Visceral's previous game Dead Space. The Death Edition was released exclusive to the GAME store in the UK. Another UK retailer, Gamestation, also gave away miniature figurines of Dante to those who pre-ordered the game. The same edition was later released in Australia along with the standard copy on February 15, 2010, exclusive to EB Games.

The game was later released in North America on February 9, 2010. Unlike the Europe and Australia release, a special version called the Divine Edition was released in place of the standard copy for the PlayStation 3 only. Similar to the Death Edition, the "Divine Edition" includes nearly all the same features except the Isaac Clarke costume and the animated scene but instead includes a code for the Dark Forest downloadable content, to be released later in March.

Downloadable content
Upon its release, a series of downloadable content (DLC) game packs were released, each containing a number of souls, used for purchasing new abilities. The first contained 500 souls and was free of charge while the rest contained 1500, 3000 and 5000 souls and cost a relatively small amount and could only be downloaded once.

The first traditional piece of downloadable content was released a month after release on March 4, entitled Dark Forest, a prologue level loosely based on the opening of The Divine Comedy, that sees Dante in a dark forest before meeting Virgil. The content includes two new enemies known as the "Forest Siren" and "Death Knight" and involves a series of puzzles to overcome. In addition to the level, the download also includes an additional "Disco Inferno" costume, a novelty piece in the style of polyester disco fashion wear.

Numerous alternative costumes have also been released, including Florentine Dante based on the real life poet Dante Alighieri released on February 18, 2010 and Animated Film Dante, based on the appearance of the character from Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic, released one week later.

Trials of St Lucia, released on April 29, 2010, features cooperative gameplay and a game-editor. Players are able to share their created maps and levels with others. The new playable character in this DLC is St. Lucia, a Christian martyr described as Dante's guardian angel.

Marketing
Before the game's release, Dante's Inferno underwent a prominent, at times elaborate marketing campaign led by the game's publisher Electronic Arts. The numerous advertisements highlighted certain sins associated with the circles of hell, at times promoting fake services before accusing the viewer of the sin linked to it.

Electronic Arts partnered with GameStop for a one-day promotion of Dante's Inferno on September 9, 2009 (9/9/9). Those that pre-ordered the game were offered a $6.66 discount, the Number of the Beast. In addition, EA conducted an unsolicited mailing in which checks for $200 were sent to selected video game critics, with the following note:

A viral marketing campaign was also launched featuring a website and ad for a fake religious game called Mass: We Pray, a motion controller-based game supposedly allowing players to engage in an interactive prayer and church sermon. When attempting to order the game, the website deems you a heretic and plays to a trailer for Dante's Inferno, as well as providing links to the related Facebook application called "Go to Hell". The application, created by Visceral Games lets users condemn their friends, groups, or photos to one of the nine circles of hell where they can then vote to punish or absolve them, or torment them with activities like "beast massage" or "succubus castration."

Later in October 2009, EA sent a series of packages to Veronica Belmont at Qore, the PlayStation: The Official Magazine offices and Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw of the Escapist's Zero Punctuation column. The package contained a small wooden box which, when opened, played the Rick Astley song "Never Gonna Give You Up", thus "Rickrolling" the journalists that received it. The music could not be stopped through any means other than destroying the box using the hammer and goggles provided. After destroying the box, such as Veronica Belmont who posted the act on YouTube, a note read that they had given into Wrath as the note then found within the box predicted.

EA produced a commercial for the game that was shown during Super Bowl XLIV, a fast-paced cinematic of Dante's descent into hell, overplayed by what was considered an unusual use of Bill Withers' song "Ain't No Sunshine". Time magazine reporter James Poniewozik referred to the ad as "something magical and funny."  According to EA product manager Phil Marineu, the decision to air the ad was to concentrate on more solid titles that they believe can break through to the masses.

Another secretly fake commercial for the fictional company "Hawk Panther" encouraged viewers to visit the Hawk Panther website in order to be able to steal their best friend's girlfriend. If the link to find out more about the Hawk Panther systems is clicked on a message appears stating, "TREACHERY! Thou are condemned to the 9th Circle. Thou hast broken the bonds of trust with thy kindred. Even conspiring to stealeth thy best friend's soul mate is the worst kind of mortal offense imaginable. You shall pay for thy treachery by spending an eternity immersed up to your face, the place where shame shows itself, in the putrid, frozen waters of Hell." The site also shows a trailer of Dante's Inferno and a link to buy the game.

The Facebook application developer Lolapps, Inc. similarly adapted a Facebook role-playing game, Battle of the Damned, that lets users fight through the nine circles of hell to rescue their murdered and damned wife. It rose nearly 1 million monthly active users in less than a year after launching.

Prior to Dante's Infernos release, in June 2009, a protest began during E3 2009 in Los Angeles to oppose the game. Around 20 protesters, claiming to be from a church in Ventura County, held up signs that called the game sacrilegious and labeled it possibly insensitive to people's beliefs. Protesters even went as far as calling EA the anti-christ. This led to EA being accused by many people of staging the fiasco to use it as a marketing hoax. A few days later, it was officially confirmed by EA spokesman Tammy Scachter that they had hired people to protest the game and that there was no actual protest. However, in the aftermath of this revelation, several Christian bloggers protested to this, calling it an "anti-Christian" stunt.

Reception

Dante's Inferno

The game received "generally favorable reviews", according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. While there was substantial praise for the art style and level design, numerous critics drew unfavorable comparisons with Sony's popular God of War series, among other more fundamental criticisms, such as monotonous and repetitive gameplay in the latter half of the game.

One of the most praised aspects was the game's depiction of Hell, considered creative yet graphic in nature. GamePro found the unique designs of the circles of Hell to be "impressively constructed", getting "a lot of mileage out of the unique setting". While some critics like IGN acknowledged the liberties taken with the original source material, they still observed that "much of what you see is appropriate for a game that tries to explore the extreme nature of Hell and its punishments", calling the overall style "visually impressive". Other critics like GameSpy even found some enemy and setting designs "shocking" yet still could "appreciate that this is Hell, and it's supposed to be disturbing".

However, some reviews felt the creativity waned towards the end of the game, such as GameSpot who felt "Dante's epic quest loses momentum long before you reach the end", praising earlier levels such as Lust and Gluttony yet criticizing the 10 stage challenge level of Fraud and the use of enemies outside of their respective circle. PlayStation Official Magazine – UK also echoed this view, saying that the game was "just going through motions for the last three or four hours", despite what it considered to have a "robust fighting system" and being "visually strong".

The most recurring comment over the gameplay of Dante's Inferno was its similarities to the God of War games. Destructoid felt that being similar to what is regarded as a great game is a positive by stating "You're not going to find a wholly original gameplay experience with Dante's Inferno, but that doesn't mean it's not a hell of an entertaining package - it's one that fans of action shouldn't miss." Eurogamer on the other hand felt the game was "a God of War clone at its core", that while "not a terrible game, it's just not an original one", a view GameTrailers echoed by stating "battles can be engaging, but lack some of the grace and refinement exhibited by games like God of War". While Game Informer also found the gameplay to be too familiar, they did find the additional elements such as the punish/absolve mechanic and usable relics to give "Dante's Inferno some individuality".

Wired gave the PS3 version a score of seven stars out of ten and called it "a ballsy take on literature that worships at the altar of God of War."  However, Nick Cowen of The Daily Telegraph gave the same version six out of ten, saying that it was "by no means a terrible game, but it's not an essential title and I wouldn't recommend paying full price for it. If a sequel is on the cards – as is hinted by the ending – the developers would do well to institute a more consistent level of quality. Until then, one can't damn the players of Dante's Inferno for trading the nine circles of hell for a trip to Hades with Kratos." The A.V. Club gave the Xbox 360 version a C+, saying, "The game's rivers of blood, corpse-piles, and wailing souls make for a morbid, depression-inducing milieu. It's a relief to be shut out of the place once the final credits roll." In Japan, Famitsu gave the PS3 and Xbox 360 versions a score of all four eights for a total of 32 out of 40.

Regarding such similarities, in an interview for PlayStation Official Magazine – UK, God of War III director Stig Asmussen instead praised the game, stating "We've been intrigued about Dante's Inferno. This is my favourite genre, and the more people that are making [these games] the better", going on to say "and this is a really rich story they're building on, it's very interesting. The day that the demo came out we were trying to download it on PSN at midnight. We all wanted to see it."

Columbia University Professor Teodolinda Barolini, a former president of the Dante Society of America, criticized the game for its depiction of Beatrice, declaring, "Of all the things that are troubling, the sexualization and infantilization of Beatrice are the worst. Beatrice is the human girl who is dead and is now an agent of the divine. She is not to be saved by him, she is saving him. That's the whole point! Here, she has become the prototypical damsel in distress. She's this kind of bizarrely corrupted Barbie doll." Other reviews of the game include similar comments from professors regarding the characters: "Beatrice saves Dante... not the other way around," says Professor Arielle Saiber, an Italian literature professor at Bowdoin College. United States NPD Group sales data showed that the PS3 and Xbox 360 versions of Dante's Inferno sold 242,500 and 224,700 copies respectively in the month of February 2010. The two editions also debuted together on the UK's top 10 games list for that month.

Trials of St. Lucia

The Xbox 360 version of the Trials of St. Lucia DLC received "favorable" reviews, while the PS3 version received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GameTrailers said that the Xbox 360 version "may be a little steep [at 10 dollars], but it gives Dante a shot of much-needed replayability. With online co-op, a seemingly-enthusiastic community, and a suite of solid online features, the original game suddenly feels like it has some legs."  However, GameSpot said that the PS3 version "does an admirable job of turning the worst idea from the original adventure into something entertaining, but it's still hampered by the same problems that made those initial trials such a drag. It's only entertaining to swing your blood-soaked scythe for so long because the combat is shallow and the objectives only offer a slight change to the core experience. However, the in-depth editor, extra playable character, and cooperative mode are different enough to lure back anyone anxious to be wrapped up in hell's clutches for a few more hours."

Controversy
In October 2009, it was announced that the game would include a PlayStation 3 trophy and an Xbox 360 achievement entitled "Bad Nanny", which is awarded to players for killing monsters resembling children, supposedly the lost souls of unbaptized infants. This sparked a conflict with the International Nanny Association (INA), in which they encouraged supporters to oppose the game. The INA claimed that the achievement is offensive to real nannies and that it also promotes real-life violence. The INA asked the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) to omit the reward and elements of infant violence. The ESRB insisted that its role was merely to label products appropriately, not to censor them, so their request could not be met. Dante's Inferno was released with the "Bad Nanny" achievement intact.

Legacy

Sequel
Since the game ends in a cliffhanger with Dante reaching Mount Purgatory, it was widely speculated that a sequel, based on the second poem in The Divine Comedy, Purgatorio, would enter production. Despite this, it was announced that Visceral had no plans for a sequel. In November 2011, Joshua Rubin announced that he had been hired as a writer for a video game sequel that was heavily hinted to be a sequel to Dante's Inferno. However, as of 2018, no further information of any kind regarding a sequel to Dante's Inferno has been forthcoming. With the closing of Visceral Games in October 2017, it is highly unlikely a sequel will ever be released.

Animated film

Film Roman, the Starz Entertainment unit behind Dead Space: Downfall, released an animated direct-to-DVD version of the story that was released simultaneously with the video game. The Dante's Inferno project had separate anime studios being tapped to create visuals of the nine levels of the Inferno. Starz Entertainment is looking to sell both animated films to international TV buyers at the MIP market. The animation studios that participated in the making of Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic, in order, are Film Roman, Manglobe, Dong Woo, JM Animation, and Production I.G.. The released movie shows a difference in storyline and has been divided into four different styles.

Live action film
In 2013 it was reported that Universal Studios is developing a live action film based on the video game with director Fede Álvarez to direct and produced by Eric Newman and Marc Abraham with EA Entertainment vice president Patrick O'Brien.

Backward compatibility
As of July 17, 2018, Dante's Inferno was playable on the Xbox One as a backwards compatible title.  It was also added to the EA Access Vault on July 19, 2018.

References

External links

Category:2010 video games
Category:Action-adventure games
Category:Adaptations of works by Dante Alighieri
Category:Behaviour Interactive games
Category:Dark fantasy video games
Category:Video games about demons
Category:Divine Comedy
Category:Electronic Arts games
Category:Hack and slash games
Category:Fantasy video games set in the Middle Ages
Category:Mythology in popular culture
Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games
Category:Obscenity controversies in video games
Category:PlayStation 3 games
Category:Purgatory in fiction
Category:The Devil in fiction
Category:PlayStation Portable games
Category:Video games about angels
Category:Video games based on the Bible
Category:Video games based on poems
Category:Video games developed in Canada
Category:Video games developed in the United States
Category:Video games set in the 14th century
Category:Video games set in Acre
Category:Visceral Games
Category:Xbox 360 games
Category:Video games set in Hell
Category:Video games about religion


USS Cincinnati (LCS-20)

USS Cincinnati (LCS-20) is an  of the United States Navy. She is the fifth ship to be named for Cincinnati, Ohio.

Cincinnati was christened on 7 May 2018 by former Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker and commissioned on 5 October 2019.

She has been assigned to Littoral Combat Ship Squadron One.

References

Category:Proposed ships of the United States Navy
Category:Independence-class littoral combat ships
Category:United States Navy Ohio-related ships
Category:2018 ships


1977 WCT Tournament of Champions

The 1977 WCT Tournament of Champions, also known by its sponsored name Shakeys Tournament of Champions, was a men's tennis tournament that was part of the 1977 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the first edition of the tournament and was held in Lakeway, Texas on 10–13 March (upper half of the draw) and 10–13 July (lower half of the draw), with the final played in the Madison Square Garden, New York on 17 September 1977. Harold Solomon won the title.

Final

Singles

 Harold Solomon defeated  Ken Rosewall 7–6, 6–2, 2–6, 0–6, 6–3

References

External links
ATP – 1977 results archive

WCT Tournament of Champions
WCT Tournament of Champions
Category:World Championship Tennis Tournament of Champions


FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019

The 2019 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships was held in Utah, in resorts Park City, Deer Valley and Solitude Mountain, from February 1 to 10, 2019.

19-year-old Loginov became the youngest champion in snowboarding and the only snowboarder to win back-to-back events (parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom) in both junior and senior championships.

Schedule
28 events were held.

Medalists

Medal table

Freestyle skiing

Men

Women

Mixed

Snowboarding

Men

Women

Mixed

Notes

References

External links
Official website

2019
Category:2019 in freestyle skiing
2019
Category:2019 in snowboarding
Category:February 2019 sports events in the United States
Category:2019 in American sports
Category:2019 in sports in Utah
Category:Winter sports competitions in the United States
Category:Sports competitions in Utah


Harry L. Corl

Harry L. Corl (1914–1942) was a United States Navy officer killed in action in World War II who received the Navy Cross for his actions in combat.

Biography
Harry Lee Corl was born in Lambertville, Michigan, on 26 March 1914. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy on 20 November 1934 and was discharged in 1938. He enlisted again in 1939, rising to ensign by 15 June 1942.

During the Battle of Midway, Corl was serving in Torpedo Squadron 3 operating from the aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5). On 4 June 1942, Corl was the pilot of one the squadron's Douglas TBD-1 Devastator torpedo bombers when the squadron made a nearly suicidal torpedo attack against the Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft carrier force.  All but two of the squadron's planes were shot down during their torpedo runs; the two surviving Devastators, one of them Corls, both ditched in the sea on their way back to Yorktown, and Corl was one of only three men to survive the squadrons attack.

In August 1942, Corl, flying with Torpedo Squadron 3 off of the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6), was the pilot of a Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bomber during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. On 24 August 1942, he was flying a search mission near the Solomon Islands when he and another pilot spotted the Japanese heavy cruiser Tone. As they began a bombing run on her, two Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters attacked the American planes, and were quickly joined by a third Zero.  Under attack by two of the Japanese fighters, Corls Avenger was shot down. His radioman/turret gunner, Radioman Third Class Delmar D. Wiley, survived and, after 15 days in a life raft and months spent on islands behind Japanese lines, was recovered on 11 April 1943, but Corl apparently died in the crash of his plane. Corl was declared presumed dead on 25 August 1942.

Awards
Corl was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions at Midway on 4 June 1942.

Namesake
The U.S. Navy destroyer escort USS Harry L. Corl (DE-598) was named for Ensign Corl.  During construction, she was converted into the high-speed transport USS Harry L. Corl (APD-108), and was in commission as such from 1945 to 1946.

References

Lundstrom, John B. The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat From August to November 1942. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute, 1994.

Category:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Category:United States Navy sailors
Category:United States Navy officers
Category:American naval personnel killed in World War II
Category:1914 births
Category:1942 deaths
Category:People from Lambertville, Michigan
Category:United States Navy pilots of World War II


The Younger Brother, or, The Amorous Jilt

The Younger Brother, or, The Amorous Jilt is a comedy written by Aphra Behn. The play was first performed and published posthumously in 1696, but was probably written in the late 1680s.

The first published version of this play (February 1696) included the first biography of Behn, and this was probably written by Charles Gildon.

Plot
The old but wealthy Lady Youthly is due to marry George, an impoverished younger brother.

George's father, Sir Rowland, is due to marry Lady Youthly's granddaughter, Tereisa.

Mirtilla is the 'amorous jilt' of the title. She previously dropped George in order to marry the wealthy Sir Morgan Blunder. She has an affair with George's friend Prince Frederick, and also pursues a young page (in reality the page is George's sister Olivia disguised as a boy). In the end, Prince Frederick gives Mirtilla an alibi and returns her to Sir Morgan, who agrees to let the Prince visit her in the future.

The play concludes with a wedding between George and Tereisa, and a celebratory dance.

Reception
The Younger Brother is in some respects a conventional romantic comedy. However, Peggy Thompson calls the play Behn's "bleak final vision" about the lot of women, saying that "the final lines remind us that the weddings in this play also mark the triumph of a patriarchal, objectifying system: George gloats that his 'younger Brother's share is one that's Rich, Witty, Young and Fair'".

References

Category:Plays by Aphra Behn
Category:1696 plays
Category:Restoration comedy
Category:English plays
Category:Cross-dressing in literature


Vilna Military District (Russian Empire)

Vilna Military District () was a military district of the Imperial Russian Army. The district was formed in 1862 as part of Russian military reforms and was responsible for parts of modern Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The district was disbanded at the beginning of the First World War in July 1914, and its headquarters were used to form another district farther to the rear.

History
In the Russian Empire, military districts were first formed by Dmitry Milyutin in 1862–64 to replace the pre-existing Military Inspectorates. The military districts were organised to include civilian administration regions of gubernyas and uyezds. The Vilna Military District was created on 6 July 1862. The district headquarters were in Vilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania), and were formed from the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps, which it replaced. In 1864, the district opened the Vilna Junker Infantry School to prepare non-commissioned officers.

In 1870, it had the second highest concentration of troops in the military district system after the Warsaw Military District, with 78,180 men. By 1871, the district's troops had been reduced to seven infantry divisions, a cavalry brigade, a demining brigade and four reserve battalions, an organization proposed in 1864. The district commander often simultaneously held the position of Governor-General of Vilna.

On 17 July 1914, just before the beginning of the First World War, martial law was imposed in the district. After the outbreak of the war later that month, the district headquarters became the headquarters of the new Dvinsk Military District. Combat units stationed in the district at the time became part of the new 1st Army, under the command of district commander Paul von Rennenkampf.

Area covered

The Vilna Military District comprised the following gubernyas:
 Vilna
 Grodno
 Kovno
 Courland
 Livonia (excluding the Pernov, Fellinskiy, Valkskiy and Verrosskiy uyezds)
 Vitebsk
 Mogilev
 Minsk
 Suwałki  (excluding Shchuchinsk uyezd)

Military units
The following units were based in the Vilna Military District upon the outbreak of the First World War in 1914:
2nd Army Corps
3rd Army Corps
4th Army Corps
20th Army Corps

Commanders
The district was commanded by the following officers:
 Lieutenant General and Adjutant General Vladimir Nazimov (6 July 1862  1 May 1863)
 Lieutenant General (Promoted to General of cavalry April 1878) Pyotr Albedinsky (22 July 1874  18 May 1880)
 General of engineers Eduard Totleben (18 May 1880  19 June 1884)
 General of infantry Alexander Nikitin (23 September 1884  11 March 1886)
 General of infantry Nikolay Ganetsky (13 March 1886  11 February 1895)
 General of infantry and Adjutant General Vitaly Trotsky (18971901)
 General of infantry Alexander Gurchin (19011902)
 General of infantry Oskar Grippenberg (10 November 1902  11 September 1904)
 General of infantry Alexander Freze (12 October 1904  19 December 1905)
 Lieutenant General (Promoted to General of infantry 1906) Konstantin Krzhivitsky (19051909)
 Lieutenant General (Promoted to General of infantry 1910) Sergei Gershelman (17 March 1909  17 November 1910, died of illness)
 Lieutenant General (Promoted to General of infantry 6 December 1910) Fyodor Martson (23 November 1910  17 January 1913)
 General of cavalry and Adjutant General Paul von Rennenkampf (20 January 1913  19 July 1914)

References

Category:Military districts of the Russian Empire
Category:History of Vilnius


Richard Lowther, 2nd Viscount Lonsdale

Richard Lowther, 2nd Viscount Lonsdale (1692 – 1 December 1713) was an English nobleman, the eldest son of John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale and Katherine Thynne.

He succeeded his father at the age of eight, but died in 1713 a few months after reaching his majority.

References

Category:1692 births
Category:1713 deaths
Richard
Category:Viscounts Lonsdale


Strandfontein, Matzikama

Strandfontein is a coastal village in the Matzikama Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. According to the 2011 census it has 431 residents in 92 households. It lies on the Atlantic coast to the south of the mouth of the Olifants River,  north of Cape Town. The name is Afrikaans for "beach spring".

References

Category:Populated places in the Matzikama Local Municipality


James Hurley

James Hurley may refer to:

 James Hurley (Twin Peaks), a fictional character from the television show Twin Peaks
 James Francis Hurley (born 1962), English murderer
 James R. Hurley (born 1932), Southern New Jersey politician and gambling regulator
 Frank Hurley (James Francis Hurley, 1885–1962), Australian film maker, photographer and adventurer
 Jim Hurley (1902–1965), Irish sportsman and revolutionary
 James E. Hurley (born 1955), American business executive
 James H. Hurley, protein researcher


ISU World Development Trophy (figure skating)

The ISU World Development Trophy is an international figure skating competition. It may be held twice each year, on different continents, during April. Medals are awarded in men's and ladies' singles.

Medalists

Men

Ladies

References

Category:Figure skating in Malaysia
Category:International figure skating competitions hosted by Poland