Marist College

Marist College is a private liberal arts college in Poughkeepsie, New York. Founded in 1905, Marist was formed by the Marist Brothers, a Catholic religious institute of Brothers, to prepare brothers for their vocations as educators. In 1929, Marist became accredited by the state to offer a wider range of degrees in the arts and sciences. Today, Marist offers a comprehensive liberal arts education, offering 56 undergraduate and graduate degree programs and 21 certificate programs.

Marist's 180-acre main campus overlooks the Hudson River and is situated along its east banks.  Marist has a branch campus in Florence, Italy and offers 50 semester or academic year abroad options.

A member of the NCAA's Division I, Marist sponsors 23 collegiate sports.

History

Foundation as a training institution for Marist Brothers
The Marist Brothers, a Catholic society founded in France by Saint Marcellin Champagnat in 1816, focused on educational work throughout the world. In 1905, members of the order arrived in the Mid-Hudson Valley to establish the first Marist house of studies in the United States. On the east bank of the Hudson River, just north of Poughkeepsie, they purchased property and a house from Thomas McPherson. They named the building and property "Saint Ann's Hermitage", in memory of Champagnat's Hermitage in France, and began training young men for a life of "study, work, prayer and service" (from which the school motto is derived).

In 1908, the Brothers purchased the Edward Bech estate to enable the Hermitage to expand, increasing the size of their property to .

By 1929, the training center at the Hermitage had evolved into the Marist Normal Training School, offering college-level courses under the auspices of Fordham University. The charter for the Marist Normal Training School was obtained by Brother Leo Brouilette. In 1946, the State of New York granted the institution an official four-year college charter under the name "Marian College", led by Brother Paul Ambrose Fontaine, FMS. Marian College continued the mission of training Marist Brothers as teachers of the congregation's schools.

From 1947 to 1957, the Brothers began working on the weekends, during summers, and in their spare time to build a gymnasium (the original Marian Hall), Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Chapel, Adrian Hall (which was demolished in 2001), and a residence for the student Brothers (the original Fontaine Hall).

The Marist College Library was originally housed on the top floor of Greystone in 1928. In 1945, reference, periodical and work areas took over the second floor as well, and then in 1949, the library also claimed Greystone's lowest level. The library remained in Greystone for 35 years.

In 1958, Marist Brother Linus Richard Foy took charge of the college. At 28, he was the youngest college president in the United States. Two years later, Marian College became Marist College and the mission of the college broadened to include the wider community; lay male students were admitted to pursue degree study. An evening division was also introduced to serve the educational needs of the surrounding communities.

Sheahan Hall, the first residence hall, opened in 1962. It was named for Monsignor J. F. Sheahan (pastor of St. Peter's Church, Poughkeepsie) without whom the Marist Brothers might not have been able to purchase the Bech Estate that now comprises the entire south campus area. It was quickly followed by Leo Hall in 1963 and Champagnat Hall in 1965. They were named for Brother Leo Brouiletter (Provincial of the Marist Brothers, 1921–1930) and Saint Marcellin Champagnat respectively. Donnelly Hall (named for Brother Nilus Donnelly, who supervised construction of the 12 major campus facilities built by the Brothers), a dormitory at the time, was built in 1962 by the brothers themselves.

Women were admitted to the evening division classes in 1966, then to the day classes in 1968. Marist's president, Brother Linus Foy, resigned from the Marist Brothers around this time but continued serving as president. Benoit House and Gregory House were erected in 1968 as a residence for the Marist Brothers living on campus. Benoit House honored the memory of Brother Francis Xavier Benoit who taught at Marist for nineteen years, while serving also as Director of Construction for the Marist Brothers. Gregory House was named in memory of Brother Joseph Gregory Marchessault who was chairman of the Physics Department at Marist at the time of his death in 1969. Benoit and Gregory Houses became African American and Free University centers, respectively, during the sixties and seventies. They functioned as residences before being removed to make way for the Hancock Technology Center in 2009.

In 1969, due to the institution's rapid expansion and laws regulating federal aid to religiously affiliated educational institutions in New York State, ownership of the college was transferred from the Marist Brothers to the Marist College Educational Corporation with an independent, predominantly lay board of trustees.

In the 1970s, programs for the educationally disadvantaged were expanded, a computer center was added, graduate programs in business administration and community psychology were instituted, and the James J. McCann Recreation Center was completed.

In 1973, President Foy began a cooperative program with area secondary schools, in which selected high school seniors would take freshman courses and "bridge" into college. In fall 1974, the college expanded its commitment to continuing education by increasing course offerings in the evening division and summer session and in 1984, opened an off-campus extension center in Fishkill; A second extension center was opened in the Orange County town of Goshen in fall 1993.

The burgeoning library, then known as The Spellman Library, was moved from Greystone to Donnelly Hall, in the area now occupied by the Computer Center and DN256, in 1963. Space constraints required moving the library again to Fontaine Hall in 1975.

On February 18, 1975, freshman Shelley Sperling was shot and killed in the dining hall by her ex-boyfriend, Louis Acevedo.

Modern day
In 1979, Dennis J. Murray was selected to be Marist's president. Under his leadership, enrollment more than doubled and the Poughkeepsie campus expanded to its current size of . Every building on campus was renovated or newly constructed and numerous strategic partnerships were formed.

One of the first strategic partnerships was formed with IBM a major employer in the Mid-Hudson Valley. In 1984, Marist received $2.5 million in equipment and almost $2 million in software from IBM to expand academic and administrative uses of computers on campus.

One of the first construction projects was the Foy Townhouses, named after Linus Richard Foy, completed in 1982. Marian Hall was built in 1983 within and around the college's first gymnasium. It incorporates the first building to be constructed through the manual labor of the Brothers (1947). Because it is located adjacent to the spot where the Marian building (the college's principal classroom building) once stood, it carries on the name of that building as well as the original of the four-year college.

To expand student housing, Gartland Commons was built on the north end of the campus in 1985. It was an apartment community, housing approximately 300 students. It was torn down in 2015.

In 1987, the Lowell Thomas Communications Center opened, providing space for communications, math, and computer science studies. The building was built over the site of an outdoor swimming pool from the early days of Marist that was fed by a natural spring.

In 1990, the Margaret M and Charles H Dyson Center opened, providing a home for the School of Management, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, and School of Graduate and Continuing Education.

Construction continued in 1994 with a $27 million Student Center, bookstore, dining facilities, art gallery, and a new adjoining dormitory (Midrise Hall) In 1996, Talmadge Court was purchased by the college as an official student residence.

In 1997 the college purchased a private residence, St. Ann's, which part of the area now known as Fern Tor, located on the college's northern boundary.  It is named after the original St. Ann's Hermitage which burned to the ground in 1958.

In 1998, across neighboring Route 9, the Lower West Cedar townhouses were built and the former Poughkeepsie Steel Plant was purchased to temporarily house the library while the original Fontaine Hall was razed and a new library constructed in its place.  The Poughkeepsie Steel Plant is now the home of the fine arts program and includes a  art gallery.  The Art Gallery retains the industrial look of the former steel plant with concrete floors and exposed 15-foot ceilings.

Completed in 1999 and built out of fieldstone with a concentrated focus on technology, the  James A. Cannavino Library is considered to be the jewel and the heart of the main campus.  Architecturally, the library unifies the College's historic district of Greystone, St. Peter's, and the Kieran Gatehouse, three 1860s-era buildings that are listed on the New York State and National Register of Historic Places, which are also made of fieldstone. The library is named for James A. Cannavino, a long-time member of the Marist Board of Trustees.

A new Fontaine Hall was completed on the north end of campus in 2000 to replace the original building that was razed in 1998. The building holds four classrooms, a multimedia "black box" theatre and two conference rooms, including the striking Henry Hudson Room – a large conference space with skylights and a beautiful view of the Hudson.  It also holds The School of Liberal Arts offices and faculty, the Office of College Advancement, which includes the offices of Public Affairs and Alumni Affairs.

With student enrollment increasing and a lack of housing for upperclassmen, the school purchased additional land across Route 9 for expansion. Upper West Cedar, built in 2000, was constructed in a similar style to the Lower West Cedar Townhouses. The Upper Fulton Townhouses followed in 2004 and then the Lower Fulton Townhouses in 2008. These housing areas are connected by a central walkway that leads to the main campus. Also, the Upper Fulton Townhouses were featured on Good Morning America in 2007 for a report on how some colleges and universities were building nicer dormitories to attract more students.
The housing expansion was a sore point with the Poughkeepsie residents, who blamed the college for excessive traffic on the Route 9 corridor. The New York State Department of Transportation and Marist College both blame massively increasing population in the Mid-Hudson Valley, a result of the migration of the residents of nearby New York City starting in late 2001. In May 2007, Marist was granted a variance allowing them to build despite a moratorium on new construction in the area.

Marist's independence was emphasized in 2003, when Marist invited New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer to deliver the commencement address for the graduating class, incurring protests aimed at the college for Spitzer's public support of abortion rights. In response to complaints, then president of Marist College, Dr. Dennis Murray, assured the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York that "Marist College is truly independent, and does not identify itself as a Catholic college in any way." Although Marist had become independent in 1969, under Pope John Paul II's decree Ex Corde Ecclesiae, all colleges that claimed to be Catholic prior to 1991 were considered by the church to be Catholic until declared otherwise by a bishop. Subsequently, Cardinal Archbishop of New York Edward Egan stated that Marist "is no longer a Catholic institution" and therefore not under the Church's jurisdiction.

The college's Longview Park was completed in 2007 with a bike/walk path along the Hudson's shore, a fishing pier, the renovation of the historic Cornell boathouse, and better access to scenic vistas, particularly from the gazebo built on a promontory in the center of the park.

In September 2009 Marist was bequeathed $75 million by the industrialist Raymond A. Rich. The donation consisted of the  Col. Oliver Hazard Payne Estate located in the Ulster County town of Esopus plus $10 million.  The  mansion was designed by Carrère and Hastings, who also designed the New York Public Library Main Branch.  The donation was used to establish the Raymond A. Rich Leadership Institute which has since been focusing on teaching students the communication, interpersonal, and social skills necessary to lead complex organizations in a global setting.  The gift was the twelfth largest donation in America in 2009.

In spring 2011, Marist completed construction of a new technology building, the Hancock Center, which is on the main campus where the Benoit and Gregory (residence houses) used to stand. The  building is designed in a Gothic architecture style by the firm of Robert A. M. Stern. It comprises three computer labs, Marist Institute for Public Opinion, nine classrooms, six seminar rooms and a trading room for the business school.

During summer 2011, the New York State Department of Transportation completed a pedestrian underpass under US 9 to facilitate safer movement between the sections of campus, which the boulevard separates. Its construction eliminated a pedestrian-only traffic signal. In addition, one entrance near the Lowell Thomas Communication Center was closed to vehicular traffic. All three entrances of the college were renovated and the main gate closed to vehicular traffic.

In the fall of 2013 construction of a new academic building to house the Music Department and renovations to the Lowell Thomas Communications Center, the student center and the dining hall were completed.

During the winter of 2015 a new science building was completed on the east campus.

In January 2018 construction of 4 new student housing buildings on the north side of the main campus was completed.

In September 2018 Marist announced that it will partner with Nuvance Health (formerly Health Quest) to create a medical school.  Plans call for the construction of a  building on the Vassar Brothers Medical Center campus in the City of Poughkeepsie, which will house school administration and classroom space.  The proposed school will be named the Marist Nuvance School of Medicine.

In January 2019 construction of a Digital Arts, and Fashion building on the east side of campus was completed.

Campuses
The main campus, with an area of , is on the east bank of the Hudson River in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, on US 9 in the historic Hudson Valley; it was a census-designated place in 2019. The part of the main campus east of US 9 is called the east campus. In addition to the main campus Marist owns the Payne Estate which has  on the west bank of the Hudson River in the town of Esopus, in Ulster County, the  Poughkeepsie Sprout Creek Farm, the  Marist Executive Center encompassing the 14th floor of 420 Fifth Avenue in midtown Manhattan and a branch campus in Florence Italy.  Marist's total landholdings and facilities are worth an estimated $805 million.  In 2004, Marist announced its Campus Master Plan, which called for the development of a pedestrian-friendly campus heart, with plenty of open and inviting green spaces for interaction. The creation of this campus heart involved the connection of the east and west campuses, the continued improvement of academic and recreational spaces, the addition of green space, and the relocation of parking to the periphery.  The master plan is still being implemented, but the progress to date has created what many consider one of the most beautiful campuses in the Northeastern United States.

Branch campus in Florence, Italy
The Lorenzo de' Medici School campus consists of ten buildings totaling , in the historic San Lorenzo district of the Florence city center. The main building, situated in Via Faenza, dates back to the 13th century and originated as a convent connected to a medieval church, San Jacopo in Campo Corbolini. This church, now deconsecrated, was founded in 1206 and for its first hundred years belonged to the Knights Templar. The facilities include studio space, lecture classrooms, and design workshops. Marist offers two housing options to its students:  dedicated Marist residences and apartments that are located through the city.

Payne Estate

Executive Center
Opened in spring 2019, the Marist Executive Center encompasses the entire 14th floor of 420 Fifth Avenue in midtown Manhattan.  The New York City location, , functions as a central location for academic offerings for graduate, adult, undergraduate, and corporate programs. Additionally, it serves as a featured location for prominent events such as the Marist Fashion Program's ongoing involvement with New York Fashion Week, programs featuring the nationally recognized Marist Poll, seminars and lecture series, receptions, and alumni networking events.

Sprout Creek Farm

In January 2018 Marist assumed control of Sprout Creek Farm, a nonprofit working farm and education center in Dutchess County. The 200-acre farm produces award-winning cheese, raises a variety of farm animals, and offers numerous educational programs focused on agriculture and the environment.

Fishkill extension
The center featured four classrooms with multimedia capabilities, two computer labs, a conference room, student computer workstations, and a lounge area with ports for laptop use. This center was primarily used for adult education. The college closed the extension at the end of 2016.

Residential life
Marist has standard dormitory buildings for all freshman students. There are townhouse and apartment facilities for upperclassmen. Freshman housing consists of four hall-style dormitories: Marian Hall, housing 100 students; Sheahan Hall, housing 140 students; Leo Hall, housing 300 students; and Champagnat Hall, housing over 400 students. Housing is guaranteed for freshmen and sophomores, but not for juniors and seniors. There is enough housing to hold a large portion of the upperclassmen. Townhouses, most of which were built within the last fifteen years, and the four north end residence halls make up all of the housing available for upperclassmen.  Additionally, the Upper Fulton townhouses were featured on Good Morning America for a story on how some colleges and universities are constructing nicer student housing to attract more students. In Fulton housing students all have their own room. There are eight students in one townhouse with two bathrooms and a large kitchen and living area.

All underclassmen live on the west side of Route 9, which is the main part of campus. Upperclassmen reside on the east side of Route 9, which is also considered the "wet side" of campus because the consumption of alcohol is allowed for students over the age of 21.  Upperclassmen also reside in the north end residence halls on the main campus.  While all incoming freshmen are assigned to a dorm, the housing for other classes is determined via a points system. Under the priority points system, students accumulate a certain number of points from clubs, sports, and grade point average. The students with the highest points are allowed to choose housing first, thus filling the nicer housing first. The students with the lower points choose last and are not always guaranteed housing. If students are entering as a group, the students' points are averaged together. According to Marist, this system promotes student activity in clubs and sports and offers an incentive to keep a high GPA.

Dining
There are many on campus dining options available to students and visitors.  In addition to the Main Dining Hall, located in the Murray Student Center, there are eateries located throughout the main and east side campuses.  They are North End Dining located in McCormick Hall, The Cabaret located in the Murray Student Center, the Marketplace in Upper West Cedar and McCann Cafe in the McCann Center.

Academics

Marist College offers over 44 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees, 12 Masters degrees, and 21 Certificate programs. These programs are divided between the six undergraduate schools and the School of Global and Professional Programs. The undergraduate schools are The School of Communication and the Arts, The School of Computer Science and Mathematics, The School of Liberal Arts, The School of Management, The School of Science and The School of Social and Behavioral Sciences.

All Marist students must take what is known as "core" classes during their four years in order to graduate. There are a number of different 3-credit core classes students can take, usually consisting of writing, history, cultural diversity, and a philosophy class. The requirements are the same for all majors and emphasize Marist's tradition of a liberal arts education while ensuring that students are introduced to a broad range of disciplines. The student-faculty ratio at Marist is 16:1, and the school has over 50 percent of its classes with fewer than 20 students. The average freshman retention rate is 88.8 percent.

Admission to Marist is very selective. The incoming 2023 freshman class had 49% of the 11,260 applicants accepted. The middle 50% of 2019 admitted students scored between 1210 and 1360 on the Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing sections of the SAT. The middle 50% of accepted students scored between 26 and 31 on the ACT.

IBM partnership
Marist also has had a longstanding partnership with IBM. IBM tests concepts and applications in education, business and communication. The joint study began in 1988 with the installation of a $10 million IBM 3090 mainframe computer on campus. In the fall 2002 semester, the College installed a new zSeries 900 mainframe that provides a level of computing power ordinarily associated with large research universities and Fortune 500 companies. In 2009, Marist and IBM began three research projects involving grid computing, e-learning applications and computing on demand.
In December 2011 it was announced that Marist and IBM are also working towards developing a "cloud computing" center to be housed at Marist's Hancock Center.  In early 2012 the School of Computer Science and Mathematics installed two IBM z114 mainframes with a zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension (zBX) making Marist the first college or university in the world to have this combination. The project has since been named The IBM SmartCloud solution at Marist College.  In October 2019 Marist installed the world's first IBM LinuxONE III, a secured enterprise platform for mission-critical applications and sensitive data for hybrid cloud.

Rankings

In the 2017 issue of U.S. News & World Reports "America's best colleges", Marist was listed 9th in the category "Regional Universities (North)". Marist's acceptance rate of 45 percent made it one of the most selective schools in this category. For the fourteenth year in a row, The Princeton Review named Marist as one of the nation's best schools in its publication "The Best 381 Colleges". Kiplinger's Personal Finance has named Marist to its list of best values in private colleges for ten straight years. Marist was listed as one of the top 50 colleges that create futures by The Princeton Review in 2015. The U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs identified Marist as a 'U.S. Student Top Producer', making it one of the U.S. colleges and universities that produced the most 2015–2016 Fulbright U.S. Students. In 2012, Marist's online MBA was one of only 14 graduate business programs in the nation named to U.S. News & World Reports honor roll.

International links
Marist College offers students semester and academic year programs in: Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Uganda, Senegal, South Africa, and Tanzania), Asia and the Pacific (Australia, China, India, Japan, Thailand and New Zealand), Europe (Czech Republic, England, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Poland, Scotland, and Spain), Latin America (Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba and Ecuador), and the Middle East (Jordan).

In 2006, Marist partnered with Lorenzo de' Medici School to form a branch campus in Florence, Italy. There, students can study for a semester or academic year and choose from over 400 different classes. Additionally, there are Bachelor's Degree programs for those who wish to pursue a four-year degree. Degrees are offered in Art History, Conservation Studies/Restoration, Digital Media, Interior Design, Fashion Design, Studio Art (B.A.) and Studio Art (B.S.).

There are also several short-term programs that consist of a 2–3 week trip to a country that is based around a 3–4-credit class. Examples of previous classes have been Hong Kong, China and Taiwan for the class Technology Management; Ireland for the class Dubliners and the Literature of Ireland; Ghana: Politics, Community Development, and Entrepreneurship.

Among the many interesting programs that Marist students have access is the Hansard Scholars Programme in London, England. Student scholars live in London and study at the London School of Economics while interning at the British Parliament or another politically based organization.

Marist was recognized s among the nation's leading colleges and universities for international education, according to the 2015 Open Doors Report from the Institute of International Education.

The study abroad programs are very popular with students; The 2011 Princeton Review noted Marist as having the #5 Most Popular Study abroad program in the US.

MIPO, HRVI and CCODC
Marist is home to the Marist Institute of Public Opinion (MIPO), a polling organization active in the political arena; the Hudson River Valley Institute (HRVI), the educational arm of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area; and the Center for Applied Research in Collaborative and On-Demand Computing (CCODC). HRVI oversees the publication of the Hudson River Valley Review, a journal of regional studies.

Local involvement
Marist College maintains a partnership with the Roosevelt Institute in New York, New York. Furthermore, the library, under the control of the National Archives and Records Administration, serves as the primary resource for student history majors completing capping papers.

Marist is also partnered with the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, located in Hyde Park.  Marist administers the FDR Library web site and has co-sponsored several major conferences in conjunction with the presidential library and the Roosevelt Institute. The FDR Library website, which is based on the latest digital asset management technology, has been recognized by Britannica.com as one of the best Presidential Library sites in the country.

Other major projects include the Hudson River Valley Institute (the educational arm of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area).

Marist College has collaborated with the Rockefeller Archive Center for the development of Project Electron, an open source system for managing and archiving digital records. Marist also participates in the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, and many other projects.

Associate Professor Tom Zurhellen, known as VetZero, is a US Navy Veteran and Commander of VFW Post 170. Zurhellen is marching to raise awareness for Veteran homelessness and Veteran suicide from Portland, Oregon to Poughkeepsie, NY.

Accreditations
Marist College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Specifically accredited programs include:

 The School of Management is accredited for its Business program by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International).
 The Athletic Training program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE).
 The Medical Technology program is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).
 The Social Work bachelors completion program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE).

Student organizations and events
Marist College has 93 registered clubs and organizations that cover a variety of interests: performing arts, sports, religion, politics, and student government.  All of the organizations are managed by the Office of College Activities. A sampling of these are described below.

Campus Ministry

With over 1000 members The Campus Ministry is the largest of the Marist student organizations and is operated by the Marist Brothers who reside on campus.  The Ministry sponsors retreats, community service and spirit building programs while maintaining Marist's Judeo-Christian roots and the heritage of the Marist Brothers. The Ministry strives to foster a culture of faith for the college and the surrounding Poughkeepsie community by building and nourishing hospitality, prayer, service and education.

Student government
The Marist College Student Government Association is made up of three branches: the Executive Board, the Student Senate, and the Student Judicial Board.

Community work
Several Marist student groups are actively involved with several local and national charities. Habitat for Humanity has a very active Marist College Chapter in which students volunteer for local and national fundraising, building and education projects. Other charitable causes sponsored by MCSGA are St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Relay for Life and Fox P.A.W. (People for Animal Welfare), which is dedicated to raising awareness about the mistreatment of animals in the surrounding community in conjunction with the Dutchess ASPCA.

A Marist tradition conducted by Campus Ministry is the Giving Tree Program. At the beginning of each holiday season Christmas trees in campus buildings are decorated with color-coded ornaments designating different gift categories needed by local families. Each ornament is tagged with an item corresponding to its category. Marist community members remove a tag from an ornament then purchase and wrap the present while attaching the corresponding ornament tag. The presents will be brought to Marist's Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Chapel for the students' annual Christmas liturgy. Run by the colleges Campus Ministry, the Giving Tree has sponsored 515 families and donated 16,000 gifts since its inception in 1991, providing presents ranging from winter clothing and household necessities to toys, games and more.

Marist College has also donated computing time on its computers to assist World Community Grid. To date they have donated over 30,000 years of computing time.

Literary organizations
There are three student-run literary organizations: The Circle, Generator Magazine and the Literary Arts Society. The Circle, the school newspaper, has been in publication since 1965, and is published weekly. Generator Magazine features student written poetry and short-stories. The Literary Arts Society produces two students publications; The MOSAIC, a literary magazine printed once a semester, publishes creative works by students as well as the winners of the annual Fiction and Poetry contest. The FoxForum, the newest publication, prints academic papers and opinion pieces written by students; it is published every month.

Theatre
Theatre at Marist includes the academic Marist Theatre Program, MCCTA and a relationship with River Valley Rep Theatre. The primary performing venue of the theatre program is the Nelly Goletti Theatre which is located in the Murray Student Center.

Marist Theatre Program includes the English Department's Concentration in Theatre, Theatre Minor, mainstage productions, professional workshops, Theatre Alumni Hall of Fame, theatre scholarships, theatre work-study, theatre internships, Pre-College Summer Theatre Institute, Alpha Psi Omega and the Annual Anderson Memorial Playwriting Contest. A host of theatre courses are offered each year, including Acting, Directing and Playwriting.

MCCTA (Marist College Club of Theatre Arts) is the college's student-run theatre organization. MCCTA produces seven productions a year.

River Valley Rep is a professional theatre company in summer residence at Marist. They organize a season of contemporary musicals and comedies. River Valley Rep works in agreement with Actors' Equity Association and has an intern program available to Marist students.

MCTV and WMAR
Marist has a student-run TV channel and radio station, MCTV and WMAR. MCTV broadcasts its own shows, including original programming, sporting events and news. WMAR Broadcasts on 88.1 FM 24/7 365 days a year. Each day, 16 of those hours are filled with content provided by Marist students live, in two-hour show formats. There is also a program dedicated to Marist sports teams that broadcasts news and live home and away sporting events. WMAR is currently trying to change to podcasts on YouTube.

PRSSA
The Marist College Red Foxes Chapter of the Public Relations Student Society of America  was established on December 7, 2006, becoming one of only 17 colleges and universities in New York State to earn this recognition. During the spring 2007 semester, the chapter recruited more than 70 members from Marist's 4,000-member student body – making them one of the fastest-growing chapters in the country. Student members of this chapter can become associate members of PRSA, attend PRSA conferences at a reduced rate, affiliate with a vast network of public relations professionals, compete for scholarships and awards, and receive information about the public relations profession. Membership in PRSSA often leads students to become members of PRSA upon graduation and enjoy the full benefits of this professional organization, including job placement and career services.

PRSSA at Marist also promotes national awareness of the high quality of education within the college's School of Communication and the Arts. Opportunities like PRSSA's annual Bateman competition allow students to compete against other chapters at a national level by demonstrating the kinds of analytical skills and judgment required for public relations problem solving. Students are also able to submit and present research papers at annual PRSA conferences. Furthermore, PRSSA provides students with valuable opportunities to assume leadership positions at local, regional, and national levels – an important step in professional development within the public relations field.

In March 2010 The Red Foxes PRSSA Chapter was recognized for establishing an annual leadership forum that is expected to contribute to the College's new Raymond A. Rich Institute for Leadership Development.

Marist Student Booster Club
The Marist Student Booster Club is an organization that is dedicated to supporting all Marist Athletic teams.
The Student Booster Club looks to host events throughout the year in conjunction with many different athletic competitions. Some of the club's goals are to host pre-game events, coordinate bus trips to high-profile away games and raise the student attendance for all Marist Athletics events.

Marist Band

 The Marist College Band involves approximately 150 students performing in a variety of ten ensembles. The namesake and largest of these ensembles is the Marist Band. The band performs full symphonic concert programs of standard band literature, tours nationally, prepares a half-time show each Fall for performance at home football games, performs at Marist home basketball games and at the MAAC Championship Basketball Tournament  which occurs the first weekend in March. Membership in this large ensemble entitles the student to also participate as a member of the Brass Ensemble, Flute Choir, Jazz Foxes, Percussion Ensemble, Wind Symphony, and Woodwind Ensemble. Other ensembles that flourish under the 'umbrella' of the Marist Band include Chamber Strings, Guitar Ensemble, Handbell Choir, and Orchestra.

Marist Singers
The Marist College Singers consists of approximately 180 students, performing in seven ensembles. The Marist Singers main choir performs a variety of classical, popular, Broadway and religious compositions.  They have performed for the Pope in Rome and on several occasions with Kenny Rogers. Other performances have been held in places such as Disney World and Puerto Rico.  Membership in Marist Singers entitles the students to also participate in Chamber Singers (by audition), Time Check (Marist's male a cappella group), Sirens (Marist's female a cappella group), Gospel Choir, Freshman Women's Choir, and Chapel Choir (which sings at masses).

Silver Needle Fashion Show
The Silver Needle Fashion Show is an event held every spring to showcase the talents of student designers. The show is wholly produced by students and faculty of the Fashion Program. Members of the Fashion Show Production class organize committees dealing with every facet of the show from invitations to choreography and marketing. The shows routinely have attendance of over 2000 people. In 2011 the show was held at the Mid-Hudson Civic Center and marked its 25th anniversary. The evening show was preceded by a cocktail reception and followed by a presentation of awards and scholarships. Scholarships were provided by Liz Claiborne, Cutty Sark, Young Menswear Association, Dominque Pino-Santiago, Mary Abdoo Fund, Alecia Hicks Forster Fund, Dutchess County Home Bureau, Alyssa Martino Scholarship Fund and the Marist College Fashion Program Scholarship Fund.

Fraternities and sororities
Seven fraternal organizations operate through Marist, and primarily focus on philanthropic and community programs. Greek organizations currently operating at Marist College include: Kappa Sigma, Alpha Phi Delta, Theta Delta Chi, Sigma Sigma Sigma, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Alpha Sigma Tau, Kappa Lambda Psi, and Zeta Psi.

Reserve Officers' Training Corps
Marist has an active Army ROTC program on campus. The program is based out of the original St. Ann's Hermitage building. It is a satellite program of Ram battalion in Fordham University. Cadets also come from nearby Vassar College, SUNY New Paltz, Mount Saint Mary College, Orange County Community College and Dutchess Community College.

Athletics

The Marist department of athletics sponsors 23 NCAA Division I sports. Most of the programs compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC); with the only exception being football, a member of the Pioneer Football League (PFL). Separate men's and women's teams are sponsored for basketball, tennis, crew, lacrosse, soccer, cross country, track, swimming and diving. Sponsored women's teams are softball, volleyball, and water polo. While sponsored men's teams are baseball and football. These varsity programs involve more than 550 Marist student-athletes. The crew programs are among the few in the nation that claim on-campus facilities. Marist has been recognized by Sports Illustrated as having one of the top 200 college athletic programs in the U.S.  Student athletes at Marist routinely excel in the classroom. In 2019 for the 18th straight year Marist led the MAAC with 262 selections to the conference's Academic Honor Roll.  Marist also had 57 student athletes selected to the PFL's Academic Honor Roll and four men's rowers named to the Intercollegiate Rowing Association (IRA) 2019 All-Academic Team.

Club and intramural sports
In addition to Division I programs, the Department of Athletics also offers many other sports on the club and intramural levels. Club sports are very popular and give Marist students the opportunity to compete against other colleges and universities without the strict requirements of the NCAA. Club sports offered at Marist include men's ice hockey, men's and women's rugby, cheerleading, men's volleyball, equestrian, fencing, bowling, skiing, dance and ultimate, among others.

Notable alumni

Marist College has approximately 30,000 living alumni worldwide. Notable Marist graduates include  Jon Gabrus a notable member of  UCB and host of the High and Mighty with Jon Gabrus podcast; Ian O'Connor '86, a New York Times best-selling author and national sports columnist; Bill O'Reilly '71, political commentator and former host of The O'Reilly Factor on the Fox News Channel; Vijay Gupta '05, violinist and social justice advocate; and Rik Smits '88, NBA All-Star and 2nd pick, overall, in the 1988 NBA Draft.

References

External links

 Marist Athletics website

Category:Education in Poughkeepsie, New York
Category:Educational institutions established in 1929
Category:Former Catholic universities and colleges in the United States
Category:Marist Brothers schools
Category:U.S. Route 9
Category:Universities and colleges in Dutchess County, New York
Category:Universities and colleges in New York (state)
Category:Catholic universities and colleges in New York (state)
Category:Liberal arts colleges in New York (state)


Mike Bolsinger

Michael P. Bolsinger (born January 29, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Toronto Blue Jays and for the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

Career

High school and college
Bolsinger graduated from McKinney North High School in McKinney, Texas, where he was a three-year letterman in Baseball. As a senior, he pitched to a 9–3 win–loss record with a 1.66 earned run average (ERA) and 116 strikeouts and took his team to the state semi-finals, beating the Highland Park High School team that included future teammate Clayton Kershaw. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 34th round of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft and his high school coach said "Obviously he has the talent to play at the next level. It's not much of a surprise to me that he got drafted." He chose not to sign with the Indians because of the low round and, even though he had signed a letter of intent to Texas Tech University, he chose instead to attend Grayson County Community College in the hopes of being drafted again the next year. In 10 appearances for Grayson, he was 6–1 with a 2.93 ERA and struck out 48 batters.

Bolsinger played in the Texas Collegiate League during the summer of 2007 and chose to transfer to the University of Arkansas for the 2008 season. As a sophomore in 2008, he was 4–1 with a 3.73 ERA in 15 games, most of them out of the bullpen. He missed the start of the 2009 season as he was battling a bad case of mononucleosis He was 6–4 with a 2.99 ERA in 30 games pitched that season as the Razorbacks advanced to the College World Series, where they finished third. He was drafted in the 33rd round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft by the Oakland Athletics, but chose to return to Arkansas for his senior season. Bolsinger began the 2010 season as the teams closer and earned a spot on the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association "Stopper of the Year Watch List." However, he made a successful transition to the starting rotation during the season and earned Southeastern Conference pitcher of the week honors on May 10 when pitched eight innings and struck out 11 while allowing only two hits against the University of Mississippi. For the season, Bolsinger appeared in 23 games (13 as a starter) and was 6–5 with a 4.81 ERA.

Professional career

Arizona Diamondbacks
Bolsinger was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 15th round of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft and signed on June 26, 2010. He was assigned to the Short Season-A Yakima Bears of the Northwest League, where he had a 1.69 ERA in six games. He spent most of 2011 with the Class-A South Bend Silver Hawks of the Midwest League, appearing in 32 games and starting 13 of them. He also made one scoreless relief appearance with the Triple-A Reno Aces. He posted a 6–6 record with a 2.63 ERA and 91 strikeouts in the 2011 season. 2012 was split between the Advanced-A Visalia Rawhide of the California League and the Double-A Mobile BayBears of the Southern League. Combined he started 22 games and went 7–5 with a 3.35 ERA and 113 strikeouts in 115 innings.

Bolsinger began the 2013 season with nine appearances for Mobile, six of which were starts, and pitched to a 4–0 record, 2.51 ERA, and 31 strikeouts when he was promoted to Reno. Bolsinger would make 17 starts for Reno, and post a 7–7 win–loss record, 4.72 ERA.

Bolsinger was called up to the majors for the first time on April 14, 2014. He pitched three innings of relief that day against the New York Mets, while allowing six hits and two runs. He got his first Major League start on April 19 against the Los Angeles Dodgers and allowed seven runs in four innings to take the loss and recorded his first win when he worked 6.2 innings against the Chicago Cubs on April 24. That was his only win however as he went 1–6 with a 5.50 ERA in 10 games (nine starts) for the Diamondbacks in 2014. He also made 16 starts for Reno and was 8–3 with a 3.93 ERA. He was designated for assignment by the Diamondbacks on November 20, 2014.

Los Angeles Dodgers
Bolsinger was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers in exchange for cash considerations on November 22, 2014. He was assigned to the Triple-A Oklahoma City Dodgers. The Dodgers recalled him from the minors to make a spot start on April 23 against the San Francisco Giants. He pitched 6 innings, allowing one run on 5 hits and had 5 strikeouts, but was not involved in the decision. He returned to the minors the following day. On May 23 against the San Diego Padres, Bolsinger retired 23 straight batters after giving up a leadoff single to Yangervis Solarte as he and Kenley Jansen faced only the minimum 27 batters in the game. He rejoined the Dodgers when rosters expanded in September. In 21 starts, he was 6–6 with a 3.62 ERA. Bolsinger began the 2016 season in Triple-A. He made six starts for the Dodgers in 2016, posting a 1–4 record, 6.83 ERA, and 25 strikeouts in 27 innings.

Toronto Blue Jays
On August 1, 2016, the Dodgers traded Bolsinger to the Toronto Blue Jays for Jesse Chavez. He was optioned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, and recalled by the Blue Jays the following day. He was optioned back to Buffalo on August 3, without appearing in a game for Toronto. On April 1, 2017, Bolsinger was designated for assignment. He cleared waivers and was assigned back to Buffalo. On May 9, Bolsinger was called up by the Blue Jays. He made his first appearance for the Blue Jays that night, making a start and allowing two runs in 5 innings in a 6–0 defeat to the Cleveland Indians. On June 1, Bolsinger was designated for assignment by the Blue Jays. After clearing waivers, he accepted an assignment back to Triple-A Buffalo. On July 3, Bolsinger was re-added to the roster and recalled. On July 18, during the 13th inning of a game against the Boston Red Sox, Bolsinger became the second pitcher in franchise history to strike out 4 men in an inning, when he struck out Mitch Moreland, Jackie Bradley Jr., Deven Marrero, and Christian Vázquez. Bolsinger would take the loss in the game after allowing a walk-off home run to Hanley Ramírez in the 15th inning. He was designated for assignment on August 5. On October 2, Bolsinger elected free agency.

Chiba Lotte Marines
On December 13, 2017, Bolsinger signed with the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

He was selected to the . On January 9, 2019, he re-signed with the Marines.

On November 30, the Marines announced Bolsinger would not return for the next season. On December 2, 2019, he became a free agent.

Suing Houston Astros for Damage to Career
In response to the Houston Astros cheating scandal, in Feb. 2020, Bolsinger filed a lawsuit against the Houston Astros for personal damages to his career.  In addition to personal damages, he is demanding that the Astros donate their $31 million in 2017 postseason bonuses to charity. Bolsinger authored an editorial in The Washington Post explaining his complaints.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders

References

External links

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Category:Arizona Diamondbacks players
Category:Arkansas Razorbacks baseball players
Category:Baseball players from Texas
Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Category:Chiba Lotte Marines players
Category:Grayson Vikings baseball players
Category:Los Angeles Dodgers players
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:Mobile BayBears players
category:Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Category:Oklahoma City Dodgers players
Category:People from McKinney, Texas
Category:Reno Aces players
Category:South Bend Silver Hawks players
Category:Toronto Blue Jays players
Category:Visalia Rawhide players
Category:Yakima Bears players


Henri Crick

Henri Crick (born 22 July 1932) is a Belgian basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1932 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belgian men's basketball players
Category:Olympic basketball players of Belgium
Category:Basketball players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Kingdom Bank Limited

Kingdom Bank Limited may refer to:

Kingdom Bank Limited (United Kingdom), a bank based in the United Kingdom
Kingdom Bank Limited (Zimbabwe), a bank based in Zimbabwe, which is a subsidiary of Kingdom Financial Holdings Limited (KFHL), a publicly traded company on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange


Mindy Gledhill

Mindy Gledhill is a singer-songwriter from Eureka, California. Mindy is best known for her songs I Do Adore and Anchor. She is also known for her guest vocal work for DJ Kaskade.

Background
Gledhill spent most of her youth in Eureka, California. As a young teenager she lived in Spain and learned its language. She studied music at Brigham Young University.  She now lives in Utah with her husband. Mindy's music has developed a strong online audience amongst bloggers and YouTube channels.

In 2012, Gledhill was recognized as one of "Utah's 40 Under 40" in the Utah Valley Business Q Magazine.  In 2014, she was featured on the cover of Utah Valley Magazine.

Gledhill released her debut album The Sum of All Grace in the beginning of 2004 on Lumen Records. However, she soon dropped her label in pursuit of a more indie sound, citing her desire to not be contained by a single musical category. She is recognized for her albums Feather in the Wind (2007), Anchor (2010), and Pocketful of Poetry (2013).

She has performed alongside  artists including Katie Herzig, Juno Award winner Meaghan Smith, and Meteor Choice Music Prize winner Julie Feeney.

In addition to performing solo Mindy also appears with her brother-in-law Dustin Gledhill as Hive Riot.

Anchor
Gledhill's third album, Anchor, was produced and engineered by producer/engineer Stuart Brawley (Emmy Rossum, Lenka, Jason Reeves).  The album features LA based studio musicians including Jamie Wollam (current drummer of Tears for Fears), Joe Corcoran (Michael Jackson, The Dave Matthews Band), and Matt Mayhall (Lenka).

Anchor was self-released in the United States, although in early 2011 Gledhill signed with Korean label FarGo Music for release in the territory of Korea.  The album featured several favorably received pop/folk rock tracks and led to Gledhill's invitation to the Durango Songwriters Expo 2011.  On April 3, 2011 single "Crazy Love" reached #1 on the Korean pop chart Bugs Music.  The song also reached #7 on the South Korea (GAON) music chart.  Seven other tracks also charted on the S. Korean charts.  Track "Crazy Love" was featured in the Korean reality TV series We Got Married in May 2011.

Title track "Anchor" was featured in the documentary "The Power of Two" (2011), directed by Academy Award nominee Mark Smolowitz.  Her song "All About Your Heart" was featured on ABC's 20/20 (Season 2011, Ep 17).  Song "Anchor" featured on FOX's Bones (Season 7) and track "All The Pennies" featured on ABC's Jane By Design.  Track "Whole Wide World" featured in the documentary Meet the Mormons.   Music videos for "Anchor" and "Whole Wide World" have both amassed more than 1 million views on YouTube.

Gledhill performed at Monaco Film Festival 2009, Sundance Film Festival 2010.

Winter Moon
Winter Moon, a Christmas compilation album featuring two original tracks, was released on October 16, 2011.  It was also produced and engineered by Stuart Brawley.   The album pre-sold more than 4,500 hard copies through local outlets in the USA alone and was later released via a limited release in Japan.  In support of the album, she toured the west coast supported at select dates by the Teton Chamber Orchestra.  In December 2012 she toured Japan in support of the album's release there.

Pocketful of Poetry
The song "Bring Me Close" was part of a Fruit of the Loom commercial that was aired during the 2012 Olympics.  The song was offered as a free download on the company's website and a Spanish version was also recorded.

Mindy's fourth album, Pocketful of Poetry, was released on September 11, 2013.  Cason Cooley (Sixpence None the Richer, Katie Herzig, Matthew Perryman Jones) produced the album which Mindy recorded in Nashville, TN.  The album features Nashville based studio musicians including The Love Sponge (The Fray, Jason Mraz, Ben Folds) as well as Mindy's frequent guitarist and friend, Joe Corcoran.  It was mixed by Justin Gerrish (The Strokes, John Mayer, Vampire Weekend). It was mastered by Joe LaPorta (Foo Fighters, Vampire Weekend, The Killers).

In July 2013, Anthropologie offered a free download of new track "Trouble No More".  Mindy also provided piano and vocal tracks for a AAA 2014 Super Bowl Commercial.

Rabbit Hole
Gledhill's most recent album, released on January 25 of 2019. The album was mostly based on her leaving mormonism after her researching mormon history.

Kaskade appearances
Mindy featured as a guest vocalist on Kaskade's song, "Eyes", the first single from his album Fire & Ice which hit #1 on Billboard Dance Airplay and #17 on Billboard 200.  The album was nominated for a GRAMMY for Best Dance/Electronica Album.  She also appears in the music video for "Eyes".

Mindy also provided guest vocals on three tracks on Kaskade's 2010 album Dynasty including "Say It's Over", "Call Out" and "All That You Give". "Call Out" and "All That You Give" eventually were released as singles. The album reached #104 on Billboard 200 and #4 on Billboard Dance Airplay.  It also earned Kaskade nominations for "Best American DJ", "Best Producer", and "Best Full Length DJ Mix" at the 2009 IDMA's.

Television and film
Gledhill's music has been featured on television series including We Got Married, Bones and Jane By Design; the silver screen's Beau Jest (2008, songs - "Life is Crazy", "Falling and Flying"), Scents and Sensibilities (2011, song - "Falling and Flying"),  "Christmas Angel", (2009, song - "Falling and Flying"), and documentaries The Power of Two (2011) and Meet the Mormons (2014).

Discography

Albums
 The Sum of All Grace (2004)
 Feather in the Wind (2007)
 Anchor (2010)
 Pocketful of Poetry (2013)
 Rabbit Hole (2019)

Christmas albums
 Winter Moon (2011)

Singles
 "See The Good" (2011) for NYC's Fashion's Night Out
 "Bring Me Close" (2012) for Fruit of the Loom commercial

Other appearances
 Dynasty (Ultra Records, 2010) - featured in "Say It's Over", "Call Out", "All That You Give"
 All That You Give (feat. Mindy Gledhill) (Remixes) EP (Ultra Records, 2011)
 Call Out (feat. Mindy Gledhill) (Ultra Records, 2011)
 Fire & Ice (Ultra Records, 2011) - featured in "Eyes"
 Eyes (feat. Mindy Gledhill) (Remixes) EP (Ultra Records, 2011)
 I Remember (Ultra Records, 2014) - featured in "Eyes"
 Emma - Joseph: A Nashville Tribute to the Prophet

Awards and nominations

|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | 2012
| Fire & Ice (featured artist)
| Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronica Album
|
|}

Pearl Awards
"Best Inspirational Album" (2005)
"New Recording Artist" (2005)
"Best Inspirational Song" (2006)

Music videos

References

External links
Official website
YouTube Channel

Category:Latter Day Saints from California
Category:American singer-songwriters
Category:American female singer-songwriters
Category:American folk singers
Category:Singers from Utah
Category:Living people
Category:People from Eureka, California
Category:Songwriters from California
Category:1981 births
Category:Songwriters from Utah
Category:21st-century American singers
Category:21st-century American women singers


A Escrava Isaura (novel)

A Escrava Isaura (, Isaura, The Slave Girl) is a novel written by the Brazilian writer Bernardo Guimarães. It  was first published in 1875 by Casa Garnier publishers in Rio de Janeiro. With this novel, Bernardo Guimarães became very famous throughout that country, even said to be admired by Brazil's last Emperor Dom Pedro II.

In 1976, a Brazilian telenovela adaptation produced by Rede Globo was titled Escrava Isaura. It was a worldwide success.

In 2004, a second Brazilian telenovela was produced by TV Record. It was also titled A Escrava Isaura. This adaptation also aired on Telemundo in the United States. This version was dubbed into Spanish and titled La Esclava Isaura.

The title character is so pale-skinned that she is "almost white", making her the Brazilian equivalent of Eliza, from Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Story

Isaura, the daughter of a Portuguese worker and a freed black woman, is an enslaved girl who endures hard times before she is freed and finally marries her star-crossed lover, Álvaro. Meanwhile, she suffers greatly at the hands of Leôncio Almeida, the owner of a plantation and main villain in the plot, who wants to make her a concubine. She even becomes briefly engaged to the humpback dwarf Melchior and almost marries him to avoid prostitution, before Álvaro comes in her aid.

References

External links
downloadable ebook

Category:1875 Brazilian novels
Category:Brazilian novels
Category:Romance novels
Category:Portuguese-language novels
Category:Novels by Bernardo Guimarães
Category:Novels about slavery


Punzo family (copper crafts)

The Punzo family contains two of the best known copper and silver smiths located in Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán, Mexico. The family descends from copper smith Carlos Punzo Córdoba. The two main smiths today are brothers Abdón Punzo Ángel and Ignacio Punzo Ángel, each of whom has his own workshop in which their sons and grandsons work and learn the craft of working copper and silver.

Their workshops are located in the town of Santa Clara del Cobre, which is about twelve km from Pátzcuaro and part of a region with a long history of handcrafts, passed down generations. Each of the various towns has its own specialty and for Santa Clara del Cobre, it is copper working, with over fifty workshops that employ more than 300 artisans, or about eighty percent of the town's workforce. The town is known worldwide for its copper work, using traditional methods in open air workshops. Hammers, tongs and other tools are found on workshop walls and tables and the copper is heated in a large wood-fired forge.(gmasters329-330) As the region no longer mines copper, the raw material is scrap copper from old autos and cable, which he buys from telephone and electrical companies.  Sledgehammers are used to pound blocks of copper to start and very fine hammers and awls are used for delicate details. Pieces are reheated as necessary as the pieces is pounded into shape.  Decorative shapes such as animals are tapped outside the vessel from the inside and then backed with a substance called chapopote to keep the shape as the minute details are tapped in from the outside.

Almost all of the objects are hammered into shape from a single piece or block of copper, including details like handles and decorative figures which are shaped along with the main body. This eliminates the need for soldering. The embossing, also called repoussé and chasing, is a form of decorating the basic shape of a vessel or other piece. It consists of hammering the piece from the inside to push the shape outwards. After this shape is made, details are added by chiseling and engraving. Then the copper pieces are put into a large pot of boiling water in order to give them their distinctive color. To give pieces an added shine, they are treated with sulfuric acid, soap, water and steel wool.

Abdón Punzo Angel's workshop/gallery is called El Arte del Cobre on Morelos street. He is considered to be one of the best coppersmiths in Santa Clara del Cobre, working with his sons and about twelve employees. Punzo and his sons have won many awards for their work in both Mexico and abroad.  He has made two presentation in Albuquerque, New Mexico . He won the Quinto Premio Nacional de la Plata 2010 Hugo Salinas Price at the Museo de Arte Popular with his son Alan Punzo Chávez winning the Galardón Nacional Joven Talento the same year. His other son, José Abdón Punzo Chávez won the Orfefrería Artesanal and Escultura Artesanal prizes.

Prices for pieces run from US$40 for a platter to $900 for a large vase. All pieces are hammered into shape and hand-burnished. Work on a single piece can take two weeks. The workshop has had a number of famous clients including former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari.

Abdón sons, José Abdon, Carlos, and Luis Felipe all began working with their father at a very young age. His son Luis Felipe Punzo Chávez has won awards for his work, for pieces that can take months to create. He is one of many artisans supported by the Casa de las Artesanías, a state agency in Morelia . Abdón Punzo states that his son Carlos Punzo Chávez has come close to beating him in past contests. On one occasion, an interview asked Abdón what he would have done if his son had beaten him and he said that it would have meant more than the prize.

Ignacio Punza Ángel also is an award-winning smith who works with his sons in Santa Clara. He began learning to work copper in his father's shop as a small child and learned to work silver starting at age 17. He creates mostly large pieces with innovative designs with are often detailed. He also works in silver in which he has receive a large number of acknowledgements and awards. He has taught the craft to his three sons, José Rosaldo, José Germán and Ignacio Gabriel. He has exhibited his work in various parts of Mexico and the United States and has won the Premio Estatal de Artesanías and the Premio de Casa de las Artesanías de Morelia as well as various prizes related to the National Copper Fair held each year in Santa Clara and the National Silver Contest in Taxco .

See also
List of Mexican artisans

References

Category:Mexican artists
Category:People from Michoacán


Trofeo Ciudad de Alicante

The Trofeo Ciudad de Alicante (ENG:Alicante City Trophy) is a friendly football tournament played annually since 1984, with the exception of the years 1997, 1999 and 2003–2009. It's held in Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain by Hércules CF.

History of winners

Titles by club

References
General

Specific

Category:Spanish football friendly trophies
Category:Hércules CF
Category:1984 establishments in Spain


Velleeswarar Temple

Velleeswarar Temple is a Hindu temple in Mangadu, Chennai. The presiding deity is Shiva in the form of Velleeswarar. This mid-sized temple, spread over 2 acres is one amongst the Seven Shiva Temples of Mylapore that have been in existence since yore. It is among the 3 principal temples in Mangadu – the other 2 being the Sri Kamakshi Amman Temple and Sri Vaikunda Perumal Temple. The temple is managed by the HRCE Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu. It is situated about 2 kilometers from Sri Kamakshi Amman Temple in Mangadu.

Legend

According to popular legend, when the king Mahabali was about to grant Vamana, an incarnation of Vishnu, gifts of land as part of Yagna Dhana, Sukracharya, the preceptor of the Asuras, tried to stop him as he suspected foul play. But Bali was insistent that he cannot stop Dhaanam to a young Brahmachari Brahmin. Sukracharya then changed his form to that of a bee and went into the nozzle of the kamandalu, blocking water flow. Lord Vamana on seeing this, pricked the nozzle with a blade of darbha grass, which blinded Sukracharya.

Sukracharya meditated upon Shiva at this place in Mylapore and got his eyesight back.

The Temple

The Temple is a fairly mid-sized Temple with a five-tier vimana facing south. On entering the Temple, the first deity we see is that of Lord Ganesha in standing posture with his consorts Siddhi and Buddhi. This posture of Ganesha is said to be rare. We come next to the Shrine of Lord Velleeswara in the form of a Linga facing East. The next shrine that we see is that of Goddess Kamakshi. The Goddess faces south.  We can view the idols of the Saptamathrikas installed as we circumambulate Lord Shiva's Shrine. Goddess Varahi is much venerated here. We also come across an Idol of Lord Vishnu in TriVikrama posture behind Lord Shiva's Shrine, and Devi Durga (facing north), and as we proceed further we come to the Shrine of Lord Kartikeya sanctified here as Lord Muthukumaraswamy. The deities of the Lord can be seen along with his consorts Valli and Devasena in standing posture.

We then proceed to the outer courtyard after crossing the Idol of Lord Bhairava and immediately on the left we can see the shrines for Lord Sarabeshwara, a small shrine for Goddess Pratyangira Devi and Sukracharya praying to Lord Shiva. Also in the outer courtyard we find shrines of Lord Shaneeswara and the Navagrahas. The Flagstaff is installed in the outer courtyard.

Mythology

Vellee means Sukra, and Velleeswara is Lord of Sukracharya. Sri Sukracharya worshipped the Lord here and got back the eyesight he lost at the hands of Lord Vamana. You can see the statue form of Sri Sukra worshipping the Lord here in this temple.

There are many who say that unless they are able to see God with their own eyes, they can't believe in the Divine. How can such arrogance "see" God when it takes aeons for a serious devotee to "see" God, ask the Siddhas. Yes, God can be "seen", they assure us, but first one has to get the right spiritual training. In the process of this training, one's eyes will be empowered with that spiritual vision that can perceive God. It is this eyesight that Sri Velleeswarar can bless us with.

Furthermore, the eyes are the windows of the soul. In this Kali Yuga, our eyes look at all kinds of scenes and become the entry points for all kinds of desires. It is Sri Velleeswarar who can protect us from falling prey to the desires inflamed by our eyes. It is He who can also give us the blessing that our eyes see only which is good for us.

In the material world, Sri Velleeswara is the divine eye doctor who can solve eye related diseases and problems. The Siddhas instruct all eye doctors to offer worship at this shrine.

References

Category:Hindu temples in Chennai


Colorado Adventure

Colorado Adventure is a steel roller coaster located at Phantasialand in Brühl, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. During construction, it was decided to opt for a roller coaster in a Western style rather than a traditional roller coaster. The name Colorado is derived from the U.S. state of the same name, well known during the ‘Wild West’ period in the USA.

The ride has been voted by fans as one of the world’s best examples of the mine roller coaster. Until 2013 its full name was Colorado Adventure – The Michael Jackson Thrill Ride. The ride was open from the beginning of the 1996 season and was ‘officially’ opened by Michael Jackson on May 11.

Colorado Adventure has five trains, each with six cars for a total of 32 passengers. The first car is designed as a locomotive and offers two seats. The other cars all have three rows for a total of six people and a maximum of four trains can be used at one time.

Local residents have complained about the amount of noise generated by riders on the Colorado Adventure. The ride has been fitted with extra tunnel sections and also partly covered with noise barriers.
In 2011 the Smokey Mountain was replaced by a new child attraction "Tikal".

References

External links
Roller Coaster Database: https://rcdb.com/978.htm

Category:Roller coasters in Germany
Category:Roller coasters introduced in 1996
Category:Western (genre) amusement rides


Baptist Church (Sperry, Iowa)

Baptist Church, also known as Stone Church, is a historic church building in Sperry, Iowa, United States. The Baptist congregation that built this church was founded in 1840. They built this building seven years later. In addition to religious services, it was the meeting place for a variety of community events. The church building is surrounded by a cemetery, which contains the graves of some of the areas first settlers. The utilitarian design of the church building and the use of local materials is characteristic of pioneer church architecture in Iowa. The  building is a single-story, gable roof structure. It features a cornice return. The roughly cut stone exterior uses larger stones at the corners for a decorative effect. The interior walls are plaster and the flooring are pine boards. It still houses the original hardwood pews, pulpit, minister's settee, and hand-carved altar. The building was damaged in a tornado in 1964, and the repairs conform to the original character of the church. It was added to the National Register in 1977.

References

Category:Religious organizations established in 1840
Category:Churches completed in 1847
Category:Baptist churches in Iowa
Category:Churches in Des Moines County, Iowa
Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines County, Iowa
Category:1840 establishments in Iowa Territory


Wacey Hamilton

Wacey Hamilton (born September 10, 1990) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for the Utica Comets in the American Hockey League (AHL).

Playing career
Hamilton played his junior ice hockey with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, ending his junior career in 2011. Undrafted, Hamilton attended the Colorado Avalanche 2010 training camp before returning for his final junior season. On March 8, 2011, the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL) signed Hamilton to a three-year entry-level contract.

He made his professional debut in the 2011–12 season, playing in 74 games for the Binghamton Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL) and two with the Elmira Jackals of the ECHL. In 2012–13, Hamilton missed the season's first 35 games with Binghamton, returning to the line-up to play 38 games with the Senators, recording four goals and four assists.

Following the 2013–14, the Senators did not tender a qualifying offer to Hamilton and as a result he became an unrestricted free agent on July 1, 2014. Unable to garner NHL interest, Hamilton accepted an try-out contract with the Utica Comets of the AHL on September 29, 2014.

Career statistics

References

External links

Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Cochrane, Alberta
Category:Ice hockey people from Alberta
Category:Camrose Kodiaks players
Category:Binghamton Senators players
Category:Canadian ice hockey centres
Category:Elmira Jackals (ECHL) players
Category:Medicine Hat Tigers players
Category:Utica Comets players
Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States


Mako Urushizaki

is a Japanese badminton player. She was the member of the San-in Godo Bank badminton club.

Achievements

BWF World Tour (1 runner-up)
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.

Women's singles

BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 2 runners-up)
Women's singles

  BWF International Challenge tournament
  BWF International Series tournament
  BWF Future Series tournament

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:1992 births
Category:Sportspeople from Hyōgo Prefecture
Category:Japanese female badminton players


Myriophyllum spicatum

Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil or spiked water-milfoil) is native to Europe, Asia, and north Africa, but has a wide geographic and climatic distribution among some 57 countries, extending from northern Canada to South Africa. It is a submerged aquatic plant, grows in still or slow-moving water, and is considered to be a highly invasive species.

Description
Eurasian watermilfoil has slender stems up to  long.  The submerged leaves (usually between 15–35  mm long) are borne in pinnate whorls of four, with numerous thread-like leaflets roughly 4–13 mm long. Plants are monoecious with flowers produced in the leaf axils (male above, female below) on a spike 5–15 cm long held vertically above the water surface, each flower is inconspicuous, orange-red, 4–6 mm long. Eurasian water milfoil has 12- 21 pairs of leaflets while northern watermilfoil M. sibiricum only has 5–9 pairs. The two can hybridize and the resulting hybrid plants can cause taxonomic confusion as leaf characters are intermediate and can overlap with parent species.

Distribution
Myriophyllum spicatum is found in disperse regions of North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa.

Introduced areas
Myriophyllum spicatum was likely first introduced to North America in the 1940s where it has become an invasive species in some areas. By the mid 1970s, watermilfoil had also covered thousands of hectares in British Columbia and Ontario, Canada, and spread some  downstream via the Columbia River system into the Pacific Northwest of the United States.     Eurasian watermilfoil is now found across most of Northern America where it is recognized as a noxious weed.

Impact
In lakes or other aquatic areas where native aquatic plants are not well established, the Eurasian plant can spread quickly. It has been known to crowd out native plants and create dense mats that interfere with recreational activity. Dense growth of Eurasian milfoil can also have a negative impact on fisheries by creating microhabitats for juvenile fish and obstructing space for larger fish ultimately disrupting normal feeding patterns. Due to the Eurasian milfoil plant's inability to provide the same microhabitat for invertebrates as compared to native aquatic plant species, densely populated areas of Eurasian milfoil create an ecosystem with less food sources for the surrounding fish. Dense Eurasian milfoil growth can also create hypoxic zones by blocking out sun penetration to native aquatic vegetation preventing them from photosynthesizing. Eurasian watermilfoil grows primarily from broken off stems, known as shoot fragments, which increases the rate at which the plant can spread and grow. In some areas, the Eurasian Watermilfoil is an Aquatic Nuisance Species. Eurasian watermilfoil is known to hybridize with the native northern watermilfoil (M. sibiricum) and the hybrid taxon has also become invasive in North America. This hybridization has been observed across the upper midwestern United States (Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin) and in the Northwest (Idaho, Washington).

Control
The aquatic moth Acentria ephemerella, the water veneer moth, feeds upon and damages this water milfoil. It has been used as an agent of biological pest control against the plant in North America. The milfoil weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) has also been used as biocontrol. Another method for biocontrol is Grass Carp, (one of the Asian Carp species) which have been bred as sterile, is sometimes released into affected areas, since these fish primarily feed on aquatic plants and have proven effective at controlling the spread. However, the carp prefer many native species to the milfoil and will usually decimate preferred species before eating the milfoil. In Washington State the success rate of Grass Carp has been less than expected. They were used in 98 lakes and 39 percent of them had no submerged plant life left after only a short time.

Since roughly 2000, hand-harvesting of invasive milfoils has shown much success as a management technique. Several organizations in the New England states have undertaken large scale, lake-wide hand-harvesting management programs with extremely successful results. Acknowledgment had to be made that it is impossible to completely eradicate the species once it is established. As a result, maintenance must be done once an infestation has been reduced to affordably controlled levels. Well trained divers with proper techniques have been able to effectively control and then maintain many lakes, especially in the Adirondack Park in Northern New York where chemicals, mechanical harvesters, and other disruptive and largely unsuccessful management techniques are banned. After only three years of hand harvesting in Saranac Lake the program was able to reduce the amount harvested from over 18 tons to just 800 pounds per year.

Management and spread prevention
Trailering boats has proven to be a significant vector by which Eurasian milfoil is able to spread and proliferate across otherwise disconnected bodies of water. Effective methods for mitigating this spread, are visual inspections with subsequent hand removal or pressure washing upon boat removal. In the Okanagan River Basin of south-central British Columbia, a specially-adapted rototiller is used to dredge shallow water to damage or destroy the root system.

Chemistry
Myriophyllum spicatum produces ellagic, gallic and pyrogallic acids and (+)-catechin, allelopathic polyphenols inhibiting the growth of blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa.

References

External links

 Species Profile- Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library.  Lists general information and resources for Eurasian Watermilfoil.

Flora Europaea: Myriophyllum spicatum
Flora of Taiwan: Myriophyllum spicatum

Invading Species.com Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters
Jepson Manual Treatment
 USDA ARS. Foiling Watermilfoil
Photo gallery

spicatum
Category:Flora of Lebanon
Category:Plants described in 1753


Southerham Farm

Southerham Farm is a   nature reserve on the eastern outskirts of Lewes  in East Sussex. It is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust.

The thin and infertile soils on this chalk site result in a floristically very rich grassland. Plants which flower in the summer include horseshoe vetch, kidney vetch, mouse-ear hawkweed, field scabious, dropwort and salad burnet.

References

Category:Sussex Wildlife Trust


Sifa

Sifa is a type of deadman's control system used on German-influenced European railroads.  Although deadman's pedals are commonly used on railroads worldwide, Sifa systems are specifically those codified by German Industrial Norms VDE 0119-207-5.

Description

Sifa is short for Sicherheitsfahrschaltung, German for "safety driving switch". It is usually a pedal and/or large press button, which monitors the alertness of the driver. The driver has to repeatedly press a button after a fixed interval; if they fail to do so, the train will carry out an emergency-stop. It complements the external train safety systems: PZB, LZB and ETCS.

In Europe the Zeit-Zeit-Sifa (time-time Sifa) is common. In this system, the engine driver holds a pedal or button down for 30 seconds and must then briefly release the pressure. Thus the system can confirm that the driver is still able to react. If the driver does not react after 30 seconds, the system warns the driver, at first optically, then for a few seconds acoustically. After a further short period of time without any reaction the train is automatically stopped. The Zeit-Weg-Sifa (time-distance Sifa) system takes account of the distance travelled, as well as time, since the last activation.

In electric trains such as those working on U- and S-Bahn lines the Sifa has for a long time been combined with the driving switch. This is where the concept of the dead man's switch first arose. If the button was released (due to the driver becoming incapacitated) the train was automatically stopped.

In order to test the function of the Sifa the driver must carry out a Sifa test run before the train is used in order to check that the train is automatically braked.

After serious accidents as a result of drivers falling asleep, where the pedal was still regularly activated, the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany introduced a special type of Sifa (Sifa86) into service. Here the driver has to acknowledge, by pressing a button, an optical signal at a time and distance interval randomly generated by the system.

See also
 Dead man's switch
 Dead-man's vigilance device
 Train protection system
 Watchdog timer
 Emergency brake
 Hand brake

References

External links
 Why it's safe to take the train

Category:Occupational safety and health
Category:Railway safety
Category:Safety switches


Administrative divisions of Rhode Island

The administrative divisions of Rhode Island are the areas into which the U.S. state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations is divided for political and administrative purposes.

Counties

While Rhode Island is subdivided geographically into five counties, county government was abolished in the state in 1842. Since that time, counties in Rhode Island have had no associated governmental structures. All local government in the state is vested in its 39 municipalities. Counties are still generally used as both geographic regions and also as judicial districts.

Cities and towns

The primary political subdivisions of Rhode Island are its cities and towns. New England towns are conceptually similar to civil townships in that the entire territory of the state is completely covered by them. However, they differ primarily in that New England towns have broad home rule and have powers comparable to those that a city in other states would normally have. In addition, cities and towns in Rhode Island also perform functions commonly assigned to counties in other states. Rhode Island state law does not distinguish between a city and a town. Cities are simply municipalities that acquired their charter through a special act of the Rhode Island General Assembly. Any municipality (whether a city or a town) is free to adopt whatever form of government they choose.

Powers of cities and towns
 Exercising police power
 Imposing property taxes on its residents
 Borrowing money and issuing tax-exempt bonds
 Acquiring, possessing, and expending the revenue
 Hiring and firing personnel
 Entering into contracts
 Initiating lawsuits
 Enacting ordinances
 Enforcing zoning regulations
 Eminent domain

School districts
With a few exceptions, the city and town governments of Rhode Island are generally responsible for education management within their jurisdiction. Twenty-nine of the thirty-nine cities/towns manage their own school systems from pre-kindergarten to high school. One city, Central Falls, is governed by a board appointed by the state board of regents. Two towns, Glocester and Foster, manage schools only through elementary school. The other seven towns, which are more rural, have joined together to form regional school districts to manage their entire school system, namely, Bristol-Warren, Exeter-West Greenwich, and Charlestown-Richmond-Hopkinton. For the purposes of managing their common middle school and high school, the Foster-Glocester Regional School District has also been established.

Legislative districts
The Rhode Island General Assembly consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The state is divided into thirty-eight senatorial districts and seventy- five representative districts. Both sets of districts are set up such that each is roughly equal in population.

Judicial districts
Rhode Island is divided into four judicial districts that correspond to county groupings of towns, with the exception of Bristol County, which is part of the jurisdiction associated with Providence County.

Special districts and agencies
Rhode Island has 91 special-purpose districts that have been established throughout the state for various purposes. Most such districts in the state, including fire, water, lighting, street maintenance, garbage removal, and utility districts are established by a special act of the General Assembly. There are also two county-wide water authorities (Bristol and Kent). The cities of Providence and East Providence also have urban development commissions. The Capital Center Commission in Providence manages parking, transportation, and streetscaping in downtown Providence. The East Providence Special Development District Commission manages development in the waterfront area of the city.

References

Category:Local government in Rhode Island
Rhode Island


AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system

The AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system was developed by Raytheon to protect multiple US military aircraft from radar-guided missiles. The AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system is an anti-missile countermeasures decoy system used on multiple U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps aircraft, and by certain non-United States air forces. The system is manufactured by Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems at its facility in Goleta, California. The ALE-50 system consists of a launcher and launch controller installed on the aircraft (usually on a wing pylon), and one or more expendable towed decoys. Each decoy is delivered in a sealed canister and has a ten-year shelf life.

When deployed, the decoy is towed behind the host aircraft, protecting the aircraft and its crew against RF-guided missiles by luring the missile toward the decoy and away from the intended target. In both flight tests and actual combat, the ALE-50 has successfully countered numerous live firings of both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. U.S. military pilots have nicknamed the decoy "Little Buddy".

The ALE-50 was first deployed in 1995, but is also used on the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and the B-1B Lancer. The ALE-50 has also been integrated into the next-generation ALQ-184(V)9 ECM pod, creating an integrated threat-protection system that can be carried on a larger number of platforms.

The ALE-50 expendable decoys’ estimated value is $22,000 each. The latest production run of 1,048 units will be delivering through October 2010.

The ALE-50 towed decoy has provided combat-proven aircraft protection against RF missile threats in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Featuring low acquisition and life-cycle cost, the system adaptability enables installation and operation on virtually any airborne platform. The ALE-50 towed decoy is currently operational on the F-16, F/A-18E/F, and B-1B aircraft.

References

Category:Electronic countermeasures
Category:Electronic warfare equipment
Category:Military electronics of the United States
Category:Equipment of the United States Air Force
Category:Military technology
Category:Raytheon products
Category:Towed decoys
Category:Weapons countermeasures


Cochas District, Yauyos

Cochas District is one of thirty-three districts of the province Yauyos in Peru.

References


Eugenia Belin Sarmiento

Eugenia Belín Sarmiento (December 29, 1860, San Juan, Argentina -  August 2, 1952, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was an Argentinean painter and author. Her works were featured in various international shows, among them the first Exposición Anual de Pintura, Dibujo y Escultura (Annual Exhibition of Painting, Drawing, and Sculpture) for artists of South America in 1893. Critical response to her works has often focused attention on her portraits of her grandfather, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, who was president of Argentina from 1868-1874. Eugenia completed many other works as well, including miniatures as well as full size portraits, paintings of flowers, birds, and still lives, and  sculptures.

Early years
Eugenia Belin Sarmiento was born in 1860, one of six children of Jules Belín and .
Jules Belín (1829-1863) was a French printer and publisher of the Santiago, Chile newspaper El Ferrocarril. Belin met Domingo Faustino Sarmiento in France in 1848 and moved to Chile, where he published works written by Sarmiento, who was an Argentinian exile in Chile. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento went on to be an Argentine politician, writer, and educator, and the president of Argentina from 1868 to 1874.
Eugenia's mother, Ana Faustina Sarmiento, was born on July 18, 1832 as a result of a romance between Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (then age 20) and one of his students, María Jesús del Canto (age 17). Sarmiento arranged for Ana Faustina to be cared for by her grandmother, Paula Albarracín de Sarmiento, and recognized her publicly after her marriage to Belin in 1850.

Belin died when Eugenia was only three, and Eugenia was educated at home by her mother and other relatives. Eugenia spent time as a student and disciple of her great-aunt, Procesa del Carmen Sarmiento, who was a renowned painter. She was also taught art by her grandmother.  She later attended and completed her secondary education at the Escuela Superior de Niñas de San Juan (High School for Girls of San Juan), which her mother directed.

When Eugenia's brother Augusto Belín y Sarmiento was appointed the Argentine consul in Antwerp, Eugenia accompanied him to Belgium, and used the trip to be professionally trained by famous art masters of the time.  In 1884, she returned to Buenos Aires permanently.

Career

After returning to Buenos Aires, Belín Sarmiento studied art under José Agujari, a renowned painter who was also the first teacher of her contemporary, artist María Obligado.

Eugenia focused primarily on portraits, a number of which depicted her grandfather, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, an iconic figure. Among them are a smaller portrait taken in 1888, which she used as a basis for a larger work in 1889.  The larger version of the portrait was reported to be in the Museo Historico Nacional, and another version in the provincial legislature of Buenos Aires, as of the 50th anniversary of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's death in 1938. On September 4, 1938, a full-page color reproduction was published in La Prensa (Buenos Aires). The same issue of La Prensa included a photograph of Eugenia and her sister Elena.

Another family portrait subject was Sarmiento's adopted son , who died in battle against Paraguay. In addition, she painted classical portraits of notable figures of the time such as Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield,  and José María Estrada. As of 1885, she was contracted by the government of the province of San Juan to paint portraits of Salvador María del Carril, , and Francisco Narciso de Laprida. She also painted portraits of women, with her feminine subjects appearing very similar to the models used by the French painter Charles Joshua Chaplin.

Starting in 1893, Belín Sarmiento sent samples of her works to different exhibitions such as those organized by the Progress Club () and at the Second Athenaeum Auditorium. She frequently exhibited works alongside contemporaries such as Julia Wernicke and Maria Obligado, and won her honorable mention awards in 1894, 1895, and 1898, along with a prize in the 1910  in Buenos Aires.

In 1912, she was the first artist from San Juan to participate in the Salón Nacional (National Salon of Visual Arts) of Argentina. Throughout the history of the National Salon, only five women have received a grand prize for painting.

During the 1940s, Julia Ottolenghi cataloged the extant works of Belín Sarmiento, many of which are privately owned and difficult to locate today.

Her works can be found at exhibitions in Argentina at the  of Fine Arts and in the Sarmiento historic museum of Buenos Aires, Museo Marc de Rosario, Museo Casa Natal de Sarmiento, and abroad in museums such as the Musée Rodin in Paris.

Responses
Historically, Belin Sarmiento's merit as a painter has often been defined only in terms of masculine influence on her artistry, such as that of her grandfather Domingo. For example, the art critic Eduardo Schiaffino focused almost exclusively on the artistic influence of Domingo on his granddaughter over the fact that Eugenia had been a student of her aunt Procesa Sarmiento, who was a notable painter in her own right.

More recently, scholars have begun to revisit Belin Sarmiento's works from a modern, feminist viewpoint. In 1988, the works of both Eugenia Belin Sarmiento and Procesa del Carmen Sarmiento were included in the exhibition La mujer en la plástica argentina I (Women in the Argentinean Plastic Arts I) in the Malvinas Cultural Center (Centro Cultural Las Malvinas). The exhibition was part of a pioneering effort to uncover the hidden work of over 250 Argentinean female artists, historic and contemporary, in national, regional and private collections.

Her works were included in a 2013 exhibit focusing on the feminine influence on Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Los universos femeninos: Sarmiento agente de transformaciones (The Feminine Universe: Sarmiento as agent of transformation). In 2019, the Sarmiento historic museum hosted a posthumous exhibition titled Por ella misma - Eugenia Belin Sarmiento (By Her Own Hand - Eugenia Belin Sarmiento).

References

External links
Belin Sarmiento's grave in La Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires

Category:Argentine artists
Category:Argentine women painters
Category:Portrait artists
Category:1860 births
Category:1952 deaths


Sugar Baby Love

"Sugar Baby Love", recorded in autumn 1973 and released in January 1974, is a bubblegum pop song, and the debut single of The Rubettes.  Written by Wayne Bickerton and Tony Waddington and produced by Bickerton, engineered by John Mackswith at Lansdowne Recording Studios, and with lead vocals by Paul Da Vinci, "Sugar Baby Love" was the band's one and only number one single in the UK Singles Chart, spending four weeks at the top of the chart in May 1974.

Recording details
Bickerton and Waddington had been writing songs together since they were both members of the Pete Best Four in Liverpool in the early 1960s.  Their biggest success had been writing "Nothing but a Heartache", a US hit for The Flirtations in 1968.

In the early 1970s, they came up with the idea for a rock 'n' roll musical.  They co-wrote and produced a demonstration recording of "Sugar Baby Love", recorded October 1973 with "Tonight", "Juke Box Jive" and "Sugar Candy Kisses" (which became a hit for Mac and Katie Kissoon). They originally intended to submit it for the Eurovision Song Contest but instead offered it to Showaddywaddy and Carl Wayne, who both turned it down.

They then offered it to the demo musicians, provided that they would become an actual group. With the exception of the recording's lead singer, Paul Da Vinci, who had signed a solo recording contract with Penny Farthing Records. Surprisingly, only John Richardson, who played drums and spoke the "please take my advice," would sign up and later become a member of The Rubettes.

"Sugar Baby Love" became a UK No. 1 hit in 1974, also reaching No. 37 and No. 30 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Cashbox charts, respectively. It also reached No. 1 in Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Austria and Belgium, and No. 2 in Australia, South Africa and Italy.

Bickerton said:"We had Paul DaVinci singing in that incredibly high falsetto voice and then a vocal group sings 'Bop-shu-waddy' over and over for about 3 minutes. Gerry Shury, who did the string arrangements, said, 'This is not going to work: you can't have a vocal group singing 'Bop-shu-waddy' non stop.' A lot of people said the same thing to us and the more determined I became to release it. The record was dormant for 6 or 7 weeks and then we got a break on Top of the Pops and it took off like a rocket and sold 6 million copies worldwide. Gerry said to me, 'I'm keeping my mouth shut and will concentrate on conducting the strings.'"

Chart performance

Weekly singles charts

Later uses
 It was covered by the Norwegian Jahn Teigen, and appeared amongst others on the album series called Treff-serien (The Meeting Series) in 1974.
 The song was covered in Czech by Josef Laufer titled "Šumař Pépi" in 1974.
 The song was covered in Czech by Karel Gott titled "Nic než láska tvá (Nothing but Your Love)" in 1974.
 The song was covered in French by Dutch singer Dave, with the title "Trop beau", in 1974.
 The song was covered in German by Mon Thys in 1974.
 The song was covered in Japanese by Candies on their album Namida no Kisetsu (Season of Tears) in 1974.
 The song was covered by Bulgarian vocal quartet Tonica in 1975. The cover, titled "Svetlina (Light)", was the B-side to Tonica's first single.
 The song was covered in Japanese by Wink in 1988 and Yoko Ishida in 2001, the latter for the anime series A Little Snow Fairy Sugar; an English version by Ishida also appeared as a bonus track on the US version of her CD Sweets.
 The song was used in the beginning of the 1994 Australian movie, Muriel's Wedding.
 The song was covered in Portuguese by Sandy & Junior in 1995, titled as "Doce como mel". It was the 13th track on the album Você é D+!.
 The song was covered in Cantonese by Gigi Leung, on the Cantonese version of the Japanese anime series A Little Snow Fairy Sugar, in 2003.
 The song was also used in the beginning of the 2005 Irish film, Breakfast on Pluto.
 In 2006, the song was used in the French-based AIDES campaign for safe sex aimed at homosexuals. The 3-minute video, directed by Wilfrid Brimo, was awarded a Silver Lion prize at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival in June 2006.
 It is also used as the opening theme for the Greek satirical TV show, Radio Arvyla since 2008.
 The song's hook was used in The Auteurs' 1999 song sharing the band's name "The Rubettes".

References

External links

Category:UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Category:1974 debut singles
Category:The Rubettes songs
Category:1988 debut singles
Category:Number-one singles in Germany
Category:Number-one singles in Switzerland
Category:Songs written by Wayne Bickerton
Category:1974 songs
Category:Songs written by Tony Waddington (songwriter)
Category:Bubblegum pop songs
Category:Wink (band) songs