Lizard communication

Lizards are a diverse group of reptiles—there are nearly 4500 different lizard species, excluding snakes. They come in all shapes, sizes, and colors, and also vary widely in many aspects of their behavior, such as how they reproduce and forage for food. In addition to this extraordinary diversity in physical and behavioral characteristics, lizards have evolved many interesting ways to communicate.

Lizards rely on many different sensory systems, including the visual, olfactory, and auditory systems. As these sensory systems have become more sophisticated, lizards have developed different modes of communication that incorporate these sensory systems, including visual, chemical, tactile, and vocal communication. Different modes of communication are well suited for different lizard habitats—for example, some function well in wet habitats, while others are suitable only in habitats with low precipitation. Most modes are associates with particular physical and behavioral traits that allow lizards to use them, such as well-developed vision. Different lizard species have unique communication needs, and they have evolved fascinating solutions that are well suited to each species to accommodate these needs.

What is communication, and how do lizards use it?
The process of "communication" refers to the transfer of information between individuals  (See Animal Communication for additional discussion). One individual (the signaler) sends information to another individual (the receiver), and the receiver modifies its behavior in response to the information it received. It is important to note that most animals are not communicating vocally, as many humans do. Just because they aren't speaking sentences, however, does not mean information is not being transferred.

Consider for a moment how humans communicate using body language. Even without speaking, we can gain a lot of information about another person simply by observing that person's posture, behavior, and physical appearance. After we assess these various characteristics, we decide how to interact with the person we observed. For instance, we might choose to avoid a person who adopts an aggressive stance and has a flushed face characteristic of someone who is angry or upset. Alternatively, a different set of postures and behaviors can indicate that a person is friendly and welcoming, and we might choose to approach that person after assessing those characteristics.

Similar to this scenario of body language in humans, lizards and other animals gain information about the individuals around them by paying attention to various characteristics exhibited by those individuals. Lizards use many different physical and behavioral traits to communicate, and these traits vary depending on the mode of communication the lizard is using.

When do lizards communicate?
Just like humans and many other animals, lizards need to be able to communicate in a variety of different scenarios. Lizards need to be able to communicate with members of their own species. This type of communication, called intraspecific communication, includes communication associated with finding appropriate mates (called courtship) and competing for resources such as food or habitat. Lizards may consider subtle variation in traits shared by members of the same species when choosing mates, which sometimes results in particular individuals mating more than others. This phenomenon is associated with sexual selection, and is not discussed here (but see Sexual selection in lizards).

In many cases, lizards are also communicating with members of different species, which is called interspecific communication. Some lizards compete with other lizard species for access to resources, and need ways to communicate with one another in the process. Some lizards use interspecific communication during predator-prey interactions. The lizard Anolis cristatellus, for example, exhibits predator deterrence communication—A. cristatellus perform a behavior that communicates information about the lizard's physiological condition to potential predators. Lizards that are in better condition (and may be more likely to outrun the predator) perform this behavior more frequently, and may communicate to the predator that they will be difficult to catch. Thus, the predator may choose to avoid lizards in good condition that are likely to outrun them and choose instead to pursue individuals that do not seem to be in good condition. In this case of interspecific communication, the lizard is communicating information about itself to the predator, and the predator modifies its behavior in response.

Modes of lizard communication
Lizards have many different communication needs, and have evolved several modes of communication to accommodate these needs. These modes include visual, chemical, tactile, and vocal communication. The chemical and visual communication modes are widespread among lizards, while the tactile and vibrational modes seem to occur in just a handful of lizard species. Some species use a combination of several communication modes, while others seem to rely entirely on one. Visual communication is the most well studied mode of lizard communication, but modern scientific techniques are making it easier to study the other modes. Thus, we may find that lizards traditionally thought to rely on one mode of communication may also be using another mode.

Visual communication
Many lizards use visual communication. Lizards that use visual communication gather information by observing various physical and behavioral characteristics of other lizards, somewhat like humans communicating using body language. Lizards that use visual communication often have highly developed visual systems—most can see different colors, and some even see UV light. Many different physical and behavioral traits are used by lizards in visual communication, most of which are obviously designed to draw the visual attention of other lizards.

What sorts of traits draw visual attention? Lizards that use visual communication often possess specialized structures used for communication. These structures often incorporate vibrant colors and striking patterns accompanied by wacky behaviors intended to display these traits, all intended to draw attention during communication. In many cases, these structures are hidden from view except when in use for communication—colors that draw the attention of other lizards may also draw the attention of unwanted audiences, such as predators or competitors. Thus, these colors may be located on a flap of skin that is only visible when the lizard extends it, or on a surface of the body like the belly that is not exposed unless the lizard intends to. Both of these are common in lizards. Many species of Anolis lizards have dewlaps, vibrantly colored throat fans that they extend during behavioral interactions like attracting mates and dueling with competitors. Anolis lizards tend to be fairly well camouflaged apart from the vibrant dewlap color, and often go unnoticed until they extend their dewlaps. Many Sceloporous lizard species also have hidden colors. Many Sceloporous develop vibrant blue and black coloration on their bellies during the breeding season. This color is not visible to other lizards unless the lizard engages in a behavior called dorsal ventral flattening, in which the lizard flattens its body to expose the colorful parts of its belly during behavioral interactions.

Because lizards that use visual communication rely on being able to see other lizards, visual communication is common among species that live at relatively high population densities and frequently come into close contact. Visual communication is well suited for use in many different habitats and can be modified by lizards to accommodate changing habitat conditions [e.g.,], so long as individuals come into contact frequently enough.

Chemical communication
Another mode of communication used by many lizards is chemical communication . Lizards that use chemical communication produce chemicals that they deposit in the environment, such as pheromones. These chemicals elicit changes in the behavior, and sometimes in the physiology, of individuals that encounter them. These chemicals contain unique combinations of chemical compound "ingredients," and different combinations of ingredients can provide information about the individual that produced the chemical. In many cases, chemical composition differs considerably between species, which allows lizards to tell whether a lizard that deposited the chemical was a member of the same or a different species. Even more interesting, in some lizard species (such as the Iberian rock-lizards, Lacerta monticola), their chemical secretions differ based on the individual that produced them. These chemicals are different enough that lizards detecting the chemicals can determine whether the individual that produced the chemical is familiar or not, much like a human knows whether they've met a person before based on unique facial characteristics!

Lizards that use chemical communication have highly developed olfactory systems, which essentially give these lizards a very well developed sense of "smell" and enable them to detect chemicals in the environment. Several physical and behavioral characteristics are common among lizards that use chemical communication. Lizards that produce these chemicals often have femoral glands or femoral pores on their back legs. Chemicals are produced inside the lizard and are then released these via these pores. Lizards that use chemical communication are often observed to drag their back legs or lower half of their body against a surface they are walking across. By doing this, they are spreading their chemical secretions across an area, much like you might have seen a dog "marking" its territory. Another behavior common among lizards that use chemical communication is tongue flicking. Similar to what we see snakes doing, lizards that use chemical communication stick out their tongues and "taste" the chemicals present in the air and on various surfaces, such as rocks or logs that another lizard might have been sitting on. These chemicals can also be deposited in feces —lizards have been observed to defecate systematically throughout the area that they live in, suggesting that they may be placing chemicals in particular areas, such as marking the boundaries of a territory.

One unique aspect of chemical communication that differentiates it from other modes is that lizards do not need to come into direct contact in order to communicate using chemicals. Once a chemical has been released onto a surface, it can be used in communication until it is washed away or otherwise removed. Lizards may come into contact with chemicals that were placed there by a lizard hours or even days before, depending on how long the chemical lasts in the environment. Thus, lizards that live at relatively low population densities or do not come into close contact very often can use chemical communication. Because lizards that use chemical communication rely on these chemicals remaining in the environment for some amount of time, chemical communication is usually better suited for use in dry environments. In a wet environment, there is a high chance that precipitation might wash away the chemical.

Recent advances in our ability to detect and measure the compounds present in these chemicals have dramatically increased our understanding of lizard chemical communication . We are finding that many lizards thought to rely on other modes of communication also use chemical communication. As we continue to analyze the composition of these chemicals, we find that they can convey a wealth of information about the individual that produced them, and can function in many different communication contexts.

Tactile communication
Some lizards use tactile communication. The term tactile means touch, and lizards that use tactile communication either use direct or indirect "touch" as a form of communication. Some species come into direct contact with one another, such as nudging, licking, biting, or bumping another lizard. This type of direct contact may be associated with courtship (i.e., attracting a mate), or with aggression—in many lizards, fights can escalate to direct physical contact, such as biting and bumping into one another. Species that engage in these physical conflicts often rely on other forms of communication (such as visual or chemical), and resort only to physical contact when other methods of deterring potential rivals have failed. In the case of courtship, some lizards such as the male Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis, lick females to determine whether they are sexually receptive. While this is direct touch, it also incorporates chemical communication, as the male is detecting different chemicals present on the female's body in addition to directly touching her.

There are also forms of tactile communication that do not involve direct touch, including vibrational communication. Some chameleon species communicate with one another by vibrating the substrate that they are standing on, such as a tree branch or leaf. Animals that use vibrational communication exhibit unique adaptations in morphology (i.e., body form) that enable them to detect vibration and use it in communication. These include unique adaptations in ear and jaw morphology that give the animal direct contact with the surface they are standing on, and enable them to detect subtle vibrations. Lizards that live on substrates that can be easily moved (such as thin tree branches or leaves) are probably more likely to use vibrational communication than lizards that live on substrates that do not transmit vibrations as easily, such as the ground or thick tree trunks.

Vocal communication
Finally, a few lizards communicate using vocalizations. This mode of communication is primarily limited to nocturnal geckos, many of which produce vocalizations during behavioral interactions such as male competition or predator avoidance. Other lizards can produce vocalizations, but most have not been observed to do so in the wild. For instance, some lizards vocalize when handled, but have not been heard doing so undisturbed in the wild. It is possible that these vocalizations are used for communication, but observations of this behavior in natural populations would be needed to make this assertion.
	 Lizards that use vocal communication need to produce vocalizations and need an appropriate auditory system to process the sounds. Vocal communication would be well suited for lizards that live in habitats that make it hard to see other individuals. Vocal communication may also be particularly well suited for lizards that behave at night. Vocal communication would be useful in these settings because it can be used to communicate without needing to come into contact with other lizards, or being able to see them.

References

Category:Animal communication
Category:Lizards


Mystery By Moonlight

Mystery by Moonlight is the 167th volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery series and published in July 2002 by Simon & Schuster under the Aladdin imprint.

Plot summary
Nancy, Ned, Bess, and George house sit for George's cousin, Jason. While there, Bess is convinced the cabin is haunted after hearing noises during the night in the attic. There's only one problem – there is no attic. Nancy decides to investigate the noises, but soon unearths another mystery involving a family treasure.

Computer game
In November 2002 Her Interactive released the 7th computer game in the Nancy Drew Series, Ghost Dogs of Moon Lake, based loosely on this book and a short story in the Nancy Drew Ghost Stories.

Category:Nancy Drew books
Category:2002 American novels
Category:2002 children's books
Category:Novels adapted into video games


Phú Lương (mountain)

Phu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of  above sea level. With a topographic prominence of  it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam.

See also
 List of Southeast Asian mountains
 List of Ultras of Southeast Asia

References

External links
 "Phu Luong, Vietnam" on Peakbagger

Category:Mountains of Vietnam
Category:Landforms of Sơn La Province


Bristol Township, Ohio

Bristol Township, Ohio, may refer to:

Bristol Township, Morgan County, Ohio
Bristol Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

Category:Ohio township disambiguation pages


Railway Track & Structures

Railway Track & Structures (RT&S) is an American trade journal for the rail transport industry, focusing on the fields of railroad engineering, communication and maintenance. It was founded in 1905 as Railway Engineering & Maintenance and is published monthly by Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation.

See also
 List of railroad-related periodicals

References

Category:American monthly magazines
Category:American rail transport magazines
Category:Magazines established in 1905


List of elections in 1906

The following elections occurred in the year 1906.

 1906 Brazilian presidential election
 1906 Chilean presidential election
 1906 Danish Folketing election
 1906 Danish Landsting election
 1906 French legislative election
 1906 Norwegian parliamentary election
 1906 Russian legislative election

Asia
 1906 Persian legislative election

Europe
 April 1906 Portuguese legislative election
 August 1906 Portuguese legislative election
 1906 Russian legislative election

United Kingdom
 1906 United Kingdom general election
 List of MPs elected in the 1906 United Kingdom general election
 1906 Bodmin by-election
 February 1906 City of London by-election
 1906 Cockermouth by-election
 1906 Dulwich by-election

North America

Canada
 1906 Edmonton municipal election
 1906 Nova Scotia general election

United States
 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1906
 1906 California gubernatorial election
 1906 New York state election
 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1906
 1906 South Carolina gubernatorial election
 1906 United States House of Representatives elections
 1906 and 1907 United States Senate elections
 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1907

Oceania

Australia
 1906 Australian federal election
 1906 Australian referendum
 1906 South Australian state election

New Zealand
 1906 Manukau by-election
 1906 Westland by-election

See also
 :Category:1906 elections

Category:Lists of elections by year
Elections


Vatican City Heliport

Vatican City Heliport (, ) consists of a  rectangular concrete landing area linked with a circular parking area. It is used for short journeys from or to Vatican City by the pope and visiting heads of state.

Structure
The heliport is at  above sea level, in the French-style portion of the Vatican Gardens, and is referred to also as a helipad. It is situated in the westernmost bastion of the Leonine Wall, which marks the westernmost point of Vatican City State.

History
It was constructed in 1976 under Pope Paul VI (1963–1978), facilitating transfers between Vatican City and the summer papal residence at Castel Gandolfo for occasions such as the regular Wednesday general audience, when travel by car could take a couple of hours each way and would cause inconvenience to other road users.

In 1978, Pope John Paul II had a bronze statue representing Our Lady of Częstochowa placed nearby.

Operation
Flights are conducted only in visual meteorological conditions by visual flight rules.

Worldwide publicity was given to the heliport on the afternoon of 28 February 2013, when Pope Benedict XVI departed Vatican City for Castel Gandolfo mere hours before his resignation took effect.

Since 2015, the heliport also serves—in urgent cases—the Bambino Gesù Hospital to transport patients, personnel, and medical equipment.

The helicopter now used for the pope is an AgustaWestland AW139 of the Italian Air Force. Initially and until 2012, a Sikorsky SH-3D was used.

See also
 Index of Vatican City-related articles
 Transport in Vatican City

References

External links

 A visit to the Vatican Gardens (page 2)
 Vatican City Heliport

Category:Transport in Vatican City
Category:Heliports


Fly Creek Grange No. 844

Fly Creek Grange No. 844, also known as Fly Creek Historical Society and Museum, is a historic Grange Hall located at Fly Creek in Otsego County, New York.  It was built in 1899, is a large -story, gable-roofed, rectangular frame structure, 30 feet wide and 80 feet deep.  It is sheathed in clapboard siding and rests on a cut stone and rubble foundation. It is located within the  boundaries of the Fly Creek Historic District.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

References

External links
 Fly Creek Area Historical Society

Category:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in New York (state)
Category:Historic district contributing properties in New York (state)
Fly Creek Area Historical Society
Category:Grange buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Category:Cultural infrastructure completed in 1899
Category:Historical society museums in New York (state)
Category:Museums in Otsego County, New York
Category:1899 establishments in New York (state)
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Otsego County, New York


Shiann Salmon

Shiann Salmon (born 31 March 1999) is a Jamaican track and field athlete who specializes in the 400 metres hurdles and 400 metres. She represented Jamaica at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, competing in women's 400 metres hurdles.

References

Category:Jamaican female hurdlers
Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Jamaica


Mothers for Peace

San Luis Obispo Mothers for Peace (SLOMFP) is a participant in the anti-nuclear movement in California which is depicted in the anti-nuclear documentary film Dark Circle  during the early years of protest opposing the Diablo Canyon Power Plant (DCPP). DCPP was the first nuclear power plant to have its license suspended, which resulted from disclosure that they installed safety systems incorrectly. In Dark Circle, Mothers for Peace takes credit for delays which prevented the plant from going online prior to the discovery of the errors.

Current activities
Interest in issues with which SLOMFP contend have received considerable heightened public interest subsequent to the Fukushima nuclear accidents. With discovery of the Shoreline Fault, SLOMFP has expressed heightened concern about Diablo Canyon earthquake vulnerability. The primary current roles of SLOMFP consists of a website, outreach efforts of Jane Swanson, the current spokesperson, fundraising, and litigation. Discovery of a new earthquake fault near DCPP re-energized the anti-nuclear movement in San Luis Obispo county, and Swanson travelled to Santa Barbara and took part in a forum at the Faulkner Gallery of the Central Library on June 30, 2011. The meeting was attended by Supervisor Janet Wolf and co-hosted by the Nuclear Ages Peace Foundation and the Santa Barbara chapter of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. SLOMFP was traumatized by an alleged embezzlement of $31,000 by their former treasurer, who was prosecuted and appeared in SLO criminal court in November for pre-trial procedures. Despite this, and its history of civil disobedience, SLOMFP contends that it possesses security clearances such that the NRC should grant it access to information on terrorism vulnerabilities of DCPP with respect to nuclear spent fuel storage. Swanson frequently discusses various forms of vulnerability, specifically challenging the adequacy of the no-fly zone policies putatively in place over Diablo. For instance, in an interview with KCSB's radio journalist Cathy Murrillo, Swanson contends that according to the FAA it is not a no-fly zone but merely a pilot advisory not to loiter. She frequently cites outside experts such as the Union of Concerned Scientists or the National Academy of Science.

Litigation
The SLOMFP commenced litigation of five contentions  of which four were accepted to proceed. The litigation before the Atomic Safety Licensing Board has been placed on hold as of the Order of June 7, 2011. This delay has no bearing on the merits but has been proclaimed as a victory by anti-nuclear activists even though it had originally been requested by Pacific Gas & Electric.  The primary coordinator of the litigation is Elizabeth Apfelberg, who is also Treasurer, whom their website bills as a "lay attorney". Apfelberg has been with SLOMFP since 1973. They also employ attorney Diane Curran. Swanson was quoted by an environmentally oriented online journalist as summarizing their intent as follows: "Our goal, with the services of our attorney in Washington D.C., Diane Curran, is to ensure that safety issues pertaining to both the reactors and the radioactive wastes at Diablo Canyon are fully studied before the NRC considers PG&E's application for license renewal."

Four contentions
The SLOMFP litigation claims that:

PG&E 's application lacks crucial information on the seismic risks to Diablo.

Seismic studies of the newly discovered fault are due to be done in 2013.

SLOMFP contends that those reports must be complete before any calls are made regarding earthquake risks.

PG&E has an "adverse trend" of chronic errors in the management and cannot

identify and correct current problems, despite elaborate measures undertaken

by PG&E as documented on public TV hearings at which SLOMFP members posed numerous questions.

SLOMFP claims that aging effects (corrosion, degradation) will defeat the engineers.

PG&E is not dealing with airborne environmental impacts of potential spent

fuel pool accidents, and is thus in violation of NEPA (the National Environmental Policy Act).

See also

Abalone Alliance
Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility
Dark Circle (film)
Diablo Canyon Power Plant
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station

References

External links

Category:Anti-nuclear organizations based in the United States
Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States
Category:Anti-nuclear protests in the United States
Category:Civil disobedience
Category:San Luis Obispo, California
Category:Organizations based in California
Category:1969 establishments in California
Category:Organizations established in 1969


Triphenylstibine

Triphenylstibine is the chemical compound with the formula Sb(C6H5)3.  Abbreviated SbPh3, this colourless solid is often considered the prototypical organoantimony compound.  It is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Like the related molecules triphenylphosphine and triphenylarsine, SbPh3 is pyramidal with a propeller-like arrangement of the phenyl groups.  The Sb-C distances average 2.14-2.17 Å and the C-Sb-C angle are 95°.

SbPh3 was first reported in 1886, being prepared from antimony trichloride by the reaction:

6 Na + 3 C6H5Cl + SbCl3  →  (C6H5)3Sb  +  6 NaCl

An alternative method treats phenylmagnesium bromide with SbCl3.

References

Category:Organoantimony compounds
Category:Phenyl compounds


The Green Manalishi (With the Two Prong Crown)

"The Green Manalishi (With the Two Prong Crown)" is a song written by Peter Green and recorded by Fleetwood Mac. It was released as a single in the UK in May 1970 and reached No. 10 on the British charts, a position it occupied for four consecutive weeks. "The Green Manalishi" was the last song Green made with Fleetwood Mac before leaving the band.

Composition
The song was written during Green's final months with the band, at a time when he was struggling with LSD and had withdrawn from other members of the band. While there are several theories about the meaning of the title "Green Manalishi", Green has always maintained that the song is about money, as represented by the devil. Green was reportedly angered by the other band members' refusal to share their financial gains.

Green has explained that he wrote the song after experiencing a drug-induced dream in which he was visited by a green dog which barked at him. He understood that the dog represented money. "It scared me because I knew the dog had been dead a long time. It was a stray and I was looking after it. But I was dead and had to fight to get back into my body, which I eventually did. When I woke up, the room was really black and I found myself writing the song." He also said that he wrote the lyrics the following day, in Richmond Park. Supposedly, he was unable to record Robert Johnson's "Hellhound on My Trail" following the incident, having conflated Johnson's hellhound with the green dog-demon of his dream. This is supported by his discography, in which Green's sole post-Manalishi cover of "Hellhound" was sung by bandmate Nigel Watson.

Producer Martin Birch recalled that Green was initially frustrated that he could not get the sound he wanted, but Danny Kirwan reassured him that they would stay in the studio all night until the band got it right. Green said later that although the session left him exhausted, "Green Manalishi" was still one of his best musical memories. "Lots of drums, bass guitars ... Danny Kirwan and me playing those shrieking guitars together ... I thought it would make Number One."

The B-side of the single was an instrumental written by Green and Danny Kirwan, titled "World In Harmony". The two tracks were recorded at the same session in Warner/Reprise Studios, in Hollywood, California. The only track bearing a Kirwan/Green writing credit, the two had plans to collaborate further on a guitar-driven album, but the project never materialised.

Live versions
A 13-minute live version of "The Green Manalishi" was recorded in February 1970, prior to the single's release in May, but it remained unreleased until 1998 when it was issued on the Live in Boston: Remastered three-CD boxed set.

The song was played live by subsequent versions of Fleetwood Mac with Bob Welch and then Lindsey Buckingham singing the vocal and taking on the song's guitar parts.

Band members
Peter Green – guitar, vocals, six string bass
Danny Kirwan – guitar
John McVie – bass guitar
Mick Fleetwood – drums, gong, maracas, claves

Though he appeared in the photo on the single cover sleeve, Jeremy Spencer is thought not to have been present at the recording sessions, though he was present when Green was recording the eerie howling noises heard at the end of the song, according to an interview with Spencer on the BBC Peter Green documentary DVD, "Man of the World".

Chart positions

Judas Priest version

Heavy metal band Judas Priest covered the song on their 1979 album Hell Bent for Leather (the American version of Killing Machine). The first worldwide release was on the band's live album, Unleashed in the East, released later that year. A re-recording of the song was also added as a bonus track on the German/Australian version of the album Demolition in 2001. The band performed it on Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Pennsylvania in 1985. This version features a dual guitar solo played by Glenn Tipton and K. K. Downing.

Other cover versions
The song has been covered by various other artists and bands:
Corrosion of Conformity, on their 1983 album Eye for an Eye.
Mantas, on the 1988 single Deceiver.
Arthur Brown, on the 1997 tribute album, Rattlesnake Guitar: The Music of Peter Green.
Steel, on their 1998 Heavy Metal Machine EP.
Melvins, on their 1999 album The Maggot.
The Electric Hellfire Club, on the 2001 Deadline Music compilation, An Industrial Rock Tribute to Judas Priest.
The Need, on the 2001 compilation The Structure of Scientific Misconceptions/The System of Scientific Misconstructions.
Therion covered Judas Priest's version of the song on the 2002 tribute album A Tribute to the Priest.
Sonny Moorman, on his 2008 album Live as Hell.
The Entrance Band, on the 2012 compilation, Just Tell Me That You Want Me - A Tribute to Fleetwood Mac.
The Flesh Eaters, on their 2018 album I Used to Be Pretty.

References

Category:1970 singles
Category:Songs about drugs
Category:Songs about the Devil
Category:Fleetwood Mac songs
Category:Judas Priest songs
Category:Songs written by Peter Green (musician)
Category:1970 songs
Category:Reprise Records singles


Synchrony

Synchrony may refer to:

 Synchronization, the coordination of events to operate a system in unison
 Synchrony and diachrony, viewpoints in linguistic analysis
 Synchrony Financial, an American financial services company
 Synchrony (Dune), a fictional planet
 "Synchrony" (The X-Files), an episode of the American science fiction television series The X-Files

See also

 Synchronic (disambiguation)
 Synchronicity (disambiguation)


Koh Eng Tian

Koh Eng Tian  is a former Solicitor-General of Singapore. He was appointed to the post in 1981 until his retirement in December 1991. He was born in 1937 and was educated in Victoria School and the University of Malaya in Singapore. He was one of the first two Senior Counsel appointed in Singapore in 1989.

References

Category:Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Category:Singaporean lawyers
Category:Singaporean legal officers
Category:Singaporean Senior Counsel
Category:National University of Singapore alumni
Category:Victoria School, Singapore alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


List of compositions by Jean Sibelius

The following is a list of works by Jean Sibelius (18651957), presented as a sortable table with eight parameters: title, category, key, catalogue number, year of composition, genre, and—if applicable—text author; for some compositions, comments are provided, as well. The table's default ordering is by genre and, within a genre, by date. To assist with navigation, the infobox provides page-jumps to the first entry for each group.

Oeuvre
The compositional career of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius extended over eight decades, from juvenilia and unpublished works written in the 1870s and 1880s to his final works of the 1940s; the 1890s–1920s, however, represent the key years of his activity. Sibelius composed across many genres, and his oeuvre includes large-scale orchestral compositions, chamber music, songs, piano pieces, and choral works.

Most highly regarded as a composer for the orchestra, the core of Sibelius's oeuvre is his set of seven symphonies, the last of which (in one movement) erodes the traditional subdivisions of sonata form. (An eighth symphony likely was destroyed by the composer in the late 1930s.) In addition, the choral work Kullervo and the orchestral suite Lemminkäinen—both based upon Kalevala myths—are classified occasionally as unnumbered, programmatic symphonies.

In addition, Sibelius was a significant contributor to the symphonic poem repertoire. His 16 examples in the form (with Lemminkäinen disaggregated) span the duration of his career and include not only two of his most popular works, The Swan of Tuonela and Finlandia, but also some of his most critically acclaimed: En saga, Pohjola's Daughter, Luonnotar, The Oceanides, and Tapiola. Sibelius also frequently composed for the stage, and his scores for Nordic productions of Shakespeare's The Tempest and Maeterlinck's Pelléas and Mélisande are particularly admired. (He famously abandoned his operatic ambitions in the 1890s.) Other notable orchestral works include the Karelia Suite, , and .

Within the concertante and chamber genres, the Violin Concerto and the string quartet Voces intimae (each in D minor), respectively, ensure Sibelius's reputation.

Catalogues

Beginning in 1896, Sibelius began to keep a personal catalogue of his works. Throughout his career, he continually curated the collection according to his ever-changing assessment of his own oeuvre, promoting works to or demoting them from the catalogue and filling the resulting availabilities without a strict regard for compositional chronology. The final list of opus numbers, therefore, is an imperfect indicator of his stylistic maturation over time. For works without opus numbers, the convention is to follow the supplemental JS numbering system of Fabian Dahlström. A handful of compositions, which primarily date from Sibelius's student years, are without either catalogue designation; they are thus reserved for a supplementary list that follows the sortable table.

List of compositions

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0; font-size: 95%"
|-
|+ Compositions by Jean Sibelius
|-
! scope="col" style="width:22%;"| Title
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Key
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"| Op.
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"| JS
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Genre
! scope="col" | Text
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Comments

{{Classical composition row
| title = Come Away, Death
| subtitle = ()
| key =
| details = Voice
| scoring =
| catalogue =
| year =
| genre = Song
| description = Voice, pf (guitar)
| text =
| reference = First of the Two Songs from 'Twelfth Night'''; later arranged by the composer for voice and orchestra
}}

{{Classical composition row
| title = Hey, ho, the Wind and the Rain| subtitle = ()
| key =
| details = Voice
| scoring =
| catalogue =
| year =
| genre = Song
| description = Voice, piano (guitar)
| text =
| reference = Second of the Two Songs from 'Twelfth Night}}

|}

Works without catalogue
 [Scherzo] in B minor, for string quartet (1885); completed by Kalevi Aho
 [Four Themes], for string quartet, in: G minor; E-flat major; A minor; and, E minor (1887)
 [33 Small Pieces], for string quartet (1888–89)
 [Allegro] in G minor, for string quartet (1888–89)
 Allegretto in B-flat major, for string quartet (1889)
 [Menuetto] in D minor, for piano trio (1882–85)
 [Andante]—Adagio—Allegro maestoso, for piano trio (1883–85)
 [Allegro] in C major, for piano trio (1885)
 [Moderato] in A minor, for piano trio (1885)
 Ljunga Wirginia, for violin, cello, and piano four hands (1885); sixth movement completed by Kalevi Aho
 [Andantino] in A major, for piano trio (1886)
 [Allegretto] in A-flat major, for piano trio (1887–88)
 [Allegro] in D minor, for piano trio (1889); completed by Kalevi Aho
 [Allegretto] in E-flat major, for piano trio (1891–92); completed by Jaakko Kuusisto
 Sonata [movement] in D major, for violin and piano (1885)
 [Menuetto] in D minor, for violin and piano (1886)
 [Andante elegiaco] in F-sharp minor, for violin and piano (1887)
 [Maestoso] in C minor, for violin and piano (1887–88)
 [Tempo di Valse] in A major, for violin and piano (1888)
 Andante molto in B minor, for cello and piano (1888–89)
 [Adagio] in D minor, for violin and piano (1890)
 [Larghetto] in D minor, fragment for violin and piano (1890–92)
 Minuet in F major, for violin and cello (1891); completed by Jaakko Kuusisto
 [Grave] in D minor, fragment for violin and piano (1891–94)

To add to tablePiano Piano Suite (Florestan), JS 82 (1889)
 Op. 5: Six Impromptus, for piano (1893); Nos. 5 & 6 arranged by Sibelius for orchestra as Impromptu in E minor
 Sonata in F major, Op. 12 (1893)
 10 Pieces, Op. 24 (1894–1903)
 10 Bagatelles, Op. 34 (1914–16)
 10 Pensées lyriques, Op. 40 (1912–14)
 Kyllikki, Op. 41, 3 Lyric Pieces on subjects from the Kalevala (1904)
 10 Pieces, Op. 58 (1909)
 Three Sonatinas, Op. 67 (1912)
 No. 1 in F-sharp minor
 No. 2 in E major
 No. 3 in B-flat minor
 2 Rondinos, Op. 68 (1912)
 4 Lyric Pieces, Op. 74 (1914)
 5 Pieces (The Trees), Op. 75 (1914)
 13 Pieces, Op. 76 (1914)
 5 Pieces (The Flowers), Op. 85 (1916)
 6 Pieces, Op. 94 (1919)
 6 Bagatelles, Op. 97 (1920)
 8 Short Pieces, Op. 99 (1922)
 5 Romantic Compositions, Op. 101 (1923)
 5 Characteristic Impressions, Op. 103 (1924)
 5 Esquisses, Op. 114 (1929)Organ' Preludium (1925)
 Postludium (1925)
 Intrada, Op. 111a (1925)
 Surusoitto (Funeral Music), Op. 111b (1931)
 Opening Hymn (from Masonic Ritual Music, Op. 113 (1926/1948))
 Marche funèbre (Funeral March) from Masonic Ritual Music'', Op. 113 (1926/1948))

Notes

References

External links
 Yhtenäistetty Jean Sibelius: Teosten yhtenäistettyjen nimekkeiden ohjeluettelo. 2013. [A complete list of works in Finnish and English.]

Sibelius, Jean


Vision of Sorrows

Vision of Sorrows is a 1994 album by the band Lestat. This was the first release by the band to be available on CD format. It wasn't until 2010 that the full album would be available through digital distribution. The CD was originally released by Jevan Records.

Track listing

Credits
Razz (Evan Nave) - Vocals, Drum Programming and Keys
Susan - Guitar and Backing Vocals
Jess - Keys and Backing Vocals
Timothy - Drums and Drum Programming

References

Category:Dark wave albums
Category:1994 albums


Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila

Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila (born 26 February 1963) is a Finnish academic researcher, serving as a professor of the Arabic language and Islamic studies at the University of Edinburgh. Before that he was a professor at the University of Helsinki.

He is one of the leading researchers of Islam in Finland. He has written many popular books on Islamic culture, history and poetry. Hämeen-Anttila also translated the Qur'an into Finnish in the year 1995 and the Epic of Gilgamesh in the year 2000. He serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies. Hämeen-Anttila is married to the academic researcher and novelist Virpi Hämeen-Anttila.

Awards
 In year 2002 Hämeen-Anttila and his wife Virpi Hämeen-Anttila were awarded the Eino Leino Prize for their efforts to promote a multi-cultural concept of literature. The prize was given out for the 47th time.
 In year 2005 his book Islamin käsikirja (The Handbook of Islam) won the Valtion tiedonjulkistamispalkinto (the State Award for public Information) in Finland.

Publications

Books in English

Materials for the Study of Ragaz Poetry. Finnish Oriental Society (1996) .
A Sketch of Neo-Assyrian Grammar. State Archives of Assyrian Studies – SAAS 13, 2000.
Maqama: A History of a Genre. Harrassowitz (2002) .
The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Wahshiyya And His Nabatean Agriculture (2006) .
Case Studies in Transmission (edit.), Ugarit-Verlag, Münster 2015, .
Khwadāynāmag the Middle Persian Book of Kings, Studies in Persian Cultural History, Volume: 14, Brill, 2018, .

Books in Finnish
Johdatus Koraaniin. Gaudeamus 1997, reformed edition 2006.
Koraanin selitysteos. Basam Books 1997.
Reunamerkintöjä. Esseitä ja käännöksiä Lähi-idän kirjallisuudesta. Suomen Itämaisen Seuran suomenkielisiä julkaisuja 25, 1997.
Jeesus, Allahin profeetta. Tutkimus islamilaisen Jeesus-kuvan muotoutumisesta. Suomen Eksegeettisen Seuran Julkaisuja 70, 1998.
[Revision:] Jeesus, islamin profeetta. Kirjapaja 2006.
Islamin monimuotoisuus. Gaudeamus 1999.
Islam-taskusanakirja. Basam Books 2001.
Kaksi filosofia. Avicennan ja al-Ghazālīn omaelämäkerrat. Basam Books 2001. (ed. Hämeen-Anttila, trans. with T. Kukkonen)
Tiedon valtameri. Islamilaista viisautta. Basam Books 2001.
Uskontojen risteyksissä. Välimeren alueen uskontojen juurilla. Toim. Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila. Gaudeamus 2001.
Jumalasta juopuneet. Islamin mystiikan käsikirja. Basam Books 2002.
Todellisuuden maailmat. Runoja ja proosaa islamin mystikoilta. Basam Books 2002.
Islamin käsikirja. Otava 2004.
Tarina hullusta rakastajasta ja muita runoja. Gummerus 2005. (poetry collection)
Rakkauden atlas. Otava 2005. (with Virpi Hämeen-Anttila)
Usko. Kirjapaja 2005.
Mare Nostrum. Länsimaisen kulttuurin juurilla. Otava 2006.
Kirkkauteen kätketty. Al-Ghazālīn Valojen lamppusyvennys. Kirjapaja 2007. (with Inka Maukola and Mikko Viitamäki)
Matkalla Marakandaan. Gummerus 2007. (poetry collection)
Tarujen kirja. Kansojen kertomuksia läheltä ja kaukaa. Otava 2007. (with Virpi Hämeen-Anttila)
Kalifien kirjastossa. Arabialais-islamilaisen tieteen historia. Avain 2011. (with Inka Nokso-Koivisto)
Trippi ihmemaahan. Huumeiden kulttuurihistoria. Otava 2013.
Nälästä nautintoihin. Ruoan tarina. Otava 2015. (with Venla Rossi)

Translations in Finnish
Sa'dī, Ruusutarha. Otava 1991.
Koraani. Basam Books 1995.
Mawlānā Jalalāddīn Rūmī, Ruokopillin tarinoita. Basam Books 1995.
Valkoisen kaupungin viisas mulla. Kertomuksia mulla Nasraddinista. Basam Books 1996.
[Revision:] Viisas narri. Kertomuksia mulla Nasraddinista. Basam Books 2007.
Badī'azzaman al-Hamadhāni, Mestari Abulfathin elämä ja teot. Veijaritarinoita kalifien ajalta. Basam Books 1997.
Viisauden eliksiiri. Antiikin kreikkalaista viisautta arabialaisista lähteistä. Basam Books 1997.
Omār Khayyām, Malja mennyt maine. Basam Books 1999.
Ibn Isḥāq, Profeetta Muhammadin elämäkerta. Toim. Ibn Hišām. Basam Books 1999.
Runoja Andalusiasta. Basam Books 1999. (with Minna Tuovinen)
Vain ääni jää. Kolme persialaista runoilijaa. WSOY 1999.
[Revision:] Vain ääni jää. Runoja Iranista. WSOY 2006.
Gilgamesh. Kertomus ikuisen elämän etsimisestä. Basam Books 2000.
Kuka murhasi kyttyräselän? Tarinoita Tuhannesta ja yhdestä yöstä. Basam Books 2001.
Mawlānā Jalalāddīn Rūmī, Rakkaus on musta leijona. Basam Books 2002.
Farīdaddīn 'Attār, Lintujen matka. Basam Books 2003.
Hanan al-Šaikh, Kaukana Lontoossa. Gummerus 2003.
Hāfez, Ruusu ja satakieli. Basam Books 2004.
Abū Nuwās, Runoja kaduilta ja kapakoista. Basam Books 2004.
Abul-Alā' al-Ma'arrī, Runoja elämän tarpeettomuudesta. Basam Books 2006.
Adonis, Tomun taikuri. Otava 2007.

External links

Interviews and feature articles
 Poetry is the door to tolerance, say translators of Arabic and Sanskrit verse, Helsingin Sanomat, 26 February 2002
Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila in 375 humanists 11.1.2015, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Oulu
Category:Finnish science writers
Category:Islamic studies scholars
Category:Academics of the University of Helsinki
Category:Recipients of the Eino Leino Prize
Category:Quran translators
Category:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Finnish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Category:Non-Muslim scholars of Islam


Predikant

Predikant [pred-ik-ant] is a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa. Predikant is the Afrikaans term for "pastor".

The word 'predikant' is also used in the Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish languages.

References

Category:Afrikaans words and phrases
Category:South African English
Category:Christian religious occupations
Category:Ecclesiastical titles


China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation

China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation (CPMIEC, ) is a Chinese defense company that acts as one of a number of authorized defense trading companies. It represents the domestic defense manufacturing industry in the export of arms and technology in missile and air defense systems.

Turkish air defense system
In a notable announcement in September 2013, Turkey, a member of the NATO alliance, declared its intention to acquire the HQ-9 missile defense system from the company, in a deal valued at 3.44 billion US dollar. CPMIEC was selected against three other competitors. The Aster 30 missile with SAMP/T launcher from the Italo-French consortium Eurosam came second with a price tag of US$4.4 billion, the Patriot missile defense system offered by Lockheed Martin and Raytheon came third at a cost of US$5 billion and the S-300 system from the Russian Rosoboronexport fourth in the competition.

Following high level pressure by other NATO members, Turkey relented and announced giving up on the deal in November 2015. Earlier in February 20, 2015, the Turkish defense minister Ismet Yilmaz had confirmed the purchase.

Venezuelan radar
In China's first major arms sale in Latin America, Venezuela in 2005 purchased JYL-1 radars from the company in a deal worth US$150 million. After this successful deal, the Venezuelan military explored buying other radars from CPMIEC and would go on to purchase aircraft from CATIC, another Chinese defense firm.

Syrian missile development
The company has worked with Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Center and shipped missile components to the research institute, according to a US media report in 1996 citing the CIA.

US Treasury Sanctions

China National Precision Machinery Import/Export Corporation was included by the US Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) in its Sanction SDN List, which denotes a list of "Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons" with "Strong" Category and are subject to Secondary Sanction. The list included entities associated or linked to the company such as CPMIEC, CHINA NATIONAL PRECISION MACHINERY I/E CORP., ZHONGGUO JINGMI JIXIE JINCHUKOU ZONGGONGSI, and CHINA PRECISION MACHINERY IMPORT/EXPORT CORPORATION. The listing includes not only their location in China but worldwide.

References

Category:Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
Category:Government-owned companies of China


KJTF

KJTF is a Christian radio station licensed to North Platte, Nebraska, broadcasting on 89.3 MHz FM.  The station is owned by Tri-State Broadcasting Association.

KJTF plays a variety of Christian Music, as well as Christian talk and teaching programming including: Turning Point with David Jeremiah, Insight for Living with Chuck Swindoll, Back to the Bible, Focus on the Family, Truth for Life with Alistair Begg, Love Worth Finding with Adrian Rogers, the Moody Church hour with Erwin Lutzer, and In Touch with Charles Stanley.

Construction permit

In April 2012, KJTF filed an application for a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) construction permit to increase ERP to 80,000 watts and increase HAAT to 230 meters.

References

External links
KJTF's official website

FCC application

JTF


An Occasional Hell

An Occasional Hell is a crime novel by the American writer Randall Silvis.

Set in 1990s in the lower Monongahela River Valley below Pittsburgh, it tells the story of Ernest DeWalt, a former Chicago private investigator and successful novelist who is now a college professor. DeWalt's new life is interrupted when a philandering colleague, Alex Catanzaro, is killed in a farmland trysting place and his widow asks the former PI for help. It was made into a film starring Tom Berenger in 1996.

References

Category:1993 American novels
Category:American crime novels
Category:Novels set in Pennsylvania


Dos almas en el mundo

Dos almas en el mundo ("Two Souls in the World") is a 1949 Mexican film. It was directed by
Chano Urueta.

External links

Category:1949 films
Category:Mexican films
Category:Spanish-language films
Category:Films directed by Chano Urueta

Category:Mexican black-and-white films


Christian Stauffer

Christian Stauffer born 1579 in the village of Eggiwil, Switzerland was a leader in the Anabaptist movement during the 17th century.

Personal life

Christian Stauffer was born and raised at Luchsmatt Farm in the village of Eggiwil.

Christian first married Adelheid Opplinger (born 1588) June 18, 16?? in Rothenbach, Bern, Switzerland. They had 11 children from 1611 to 1629.

Prison and exile
In 1644, Christian who was an Anabaptist preacher may have been part of a great "Täufer Jagen" (Baptist Hunt)  along with Uli Zaugg and Uli Neuhaus. They were all captured and placed in Thun Castle, where the authorities were warned to keep obstinate preachers out of Emmenthal valley (where the Eggiwil is located). The Emmenthal valley was a hub for Anabaptists and the numbers were growing which alarmed the authorities in Bern. Authorities arrested and exiled anyone who was thought to a follower or support of the Anabaptist movement.

Christian and his second wife, were exiled from Eggiwil in the fall of 1671 to Dirmstein, Germany.

Death
A few months after his exile, (April 6, 1672) Christian died of old age in Dirmstein, Germany. He was 93 years old.

Descendants

Stauffer is connected to family members that eventually headed to the United States and Canada:

 Abraham Stouffer  American born settler founder of what is now Stouffville, Ontario, Canada

References

Category:1579 births
Category:Swiss Anabaptists
Category:1672 deaths
Category:Swiss exiles


Women's Euro Winners Cup

The Women's Euro Winners Cup is an annual continental beach soccer club competition contested between top-division European women's teams; the clubs that are their country's national league/championship champions (and, for some nations, one or more runners-up) from countries all across Europe take part.

Organised by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW), the championship is viewed as the sport's version of the UEFA Women's Champions League in association football.
Offering the strongest level of club competition on the old continent, it is the most prestigious women's club beach soccer championship in Europe, the winners becoming continental champions.

Citing the many national women's leagues in Europe and one of their "strongest commitments" to develop women's beach soccer going into the year of the tournament's establishment, BSWW created the championship in 2016, following the founding of the men's edition of the Euro Winners Cup in 2013.

The tournament takes place within the framework of the larger men's version of the tournament, happening during the same dates and location over the course of about a week.

Of the three editions to date, Swiss clubs have won two (Grasshoppers and Havana Shots Aargau) and one was won by a Russian side (WFC Zvezda).

Organisation
As of 2017

Qualification
The champions of each of Europe's national women's beach soccer leagues (or championships) qualify to play in the event.

In countries where women's clubs exist but a national women's league or championship does not yet exist in that nation, clubs can contact BSWW to register themselves as that country's representative.

If a national association wishes to enter additional clubs, they can request for permission to do so from the organisers BSWW who will grant or reject the clubs a berth at the tournament depending on the total number of teams already registered.

Format
The tournament starts with the group stage. The clubs are split into groups (typically of four) and compete in round robin format. At the end of the group stage, the top eight clubs (group winners and best runners-up) advance to the knockout stage. The teams then compete in single-elimination matches; the quarter-finals, semi-finals and ending with the final. Consolation matches are also played to determine the final rankings involving the clubs knocked out of these rounds.

Results

Performance

By club

By nation

See also
Euro Winners Cup (men's edition)

References

External links
 Beach Soccer Worldwide, official website
 Euro Winners Cup, at Beach Soccer Russia (in Russian)

*
Category:Beach soccer competitions


Chamberlain, Ontario

Chamberlain is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Timiskaming District.

The rural township had a population of 332 in the Canada 2016 Census. Its primary named settlements are the communities of Chamberlain, Krugerdorf, and Wabewawa.

History
Nomadic people moved through the area 6,000 to 8,000 years ago.  The area then became home to Algonquin people.

European fur traders passed through the area beginning in the 1600s, likely following the Blanche River which flows through Chamberlain.

The Province of Ontario surveyed large areas to the north and west of Lake Timiskaming in the 1880s, and in 1888 Chamberlain was surveyed into seventy-two  lots.

Land was open for settlement at the head of Lake Timiskaming in 1891, and by 1902-03 settlers had moved into Chamberlain.

The newly constructed, provincially owned Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway (now Ontario Northland Railway) ran as far north as New Liskeard.  In 1904, work began to build the railway north from there, through the east side of Chamberlain.  Work trains were clearing the railway right-of-way north of Englehart in 1906.

Between 1905 and 1915, the railway offered free land to settlers.

Chamberlain Township was incorporated in 1908.

Between 1925 and 1927, the province began construction of the Ferguson Highway, a road system to connect North Bay to Cochrane.  In Chamberlain, it used the Wawbewawa Road to the Lutheran Church corner, and then followed Chamberlain 5 to the present day Highway 573.  It then turned north to Swastika.  Realignment of  of road between Englehart and Round Lake occurred in 1939, creating Ontario Highway 11.

Krugerdorf
Krugerdorf is a settlement within Chamberlain Township.

August Kruger and Louise Mueller, immigrants from Germany, moved with their children to the area from Renfrew County in 1905.  Kruger was 59.

Kruger was attracted to the area by the stone-free farmland, as well as the likelihood of finding land for his 5 sons.  Kruger built a small house and a blacksmith shop.  The Pembroke Deutsche Post reported in 1907 that the Krugers' new homestead comprised .

Kruger and his sons worked on the northern extension of the railway, and a station was built on their property.  In their blacksmith shop they made railway spikes and shod horses.  In time, the Kruger's built a sawmill on the Blanche River, as well as a threshing mill.

Other German-speaking families from the Renfrew area moved to the community, which was called "The German Settlement" until it was named Krugerdorf.  English-speaking settlers from Toronto also settled there.

A Jewish community of about 50 families from Russia and Romania settled in the area, assisted by the Baron de Hirsch Institute of Montreal.  The 'Northern Hebrew Cemetery' was established following the death of 3 settlers in a canoe accident.

Krugerdorf soon had a school, Lutheran church, Church of England, synagogue, 2 stores, gas station, boarding house, post office, railway station, community hall, and gravel pit.

The rich clay soil was suitable for growing crops, though the markets for beef and grain were distant and the growing season was short.  Many farmers worked at lumber camps in winter to earn extra money.

The community began to decline in the 1920s, and a scattering of original buildings remain.

Demographics

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 145

Mother tongue (2006) :
 English as first language: 92.5%
 French as first language: 6.0%
 English and French as first language: 0.0%
 Neither English nor French: 1.5%

See also
List of townships in Ontario

References

External links
Township of Chamberlain

Category:Municipalities in Timiskaming District
Category:Single-tier municipalities in Ontario
Category:Township municipalities in Ontario


Rhabdocaulon

Rhabdocaulon  is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1936. It is native to South America.

Species
 Rhabdocaulon coccineum (Benth.) Epling - southern Brazil
 Rhabdocaulon denudatum (Benth.) Epling - Brazil
 Rhabdocaulon erythrostachys Epling - southern Brazil
 Rhabdocaulon gracile (Benth.) Epling - southern Brazil
 Rhabdocaulon lavanduloides (Benth.) Epling - southern Brazil
 Rhabdocaulon stenodontum (Briq.) Epling - southern Brazil, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina
 Rhabdocaulon strictum (Benth.) Epling - southern Brazil, Uruguay, northeastern Argentina

References

Category:Lamiaceae
Category:Lamiaceae genera
Category:Flora of South America


Elias Anton Cappelen Smith

Elias Anton Cappelen Smith (6 November 1873 – 25 June  1949) was a Norwegian American chemical engineer, civil engineer and metallurgist. He pioneered copper production in the early 20th century. Among his achievements were the  and the Guggenheim process.

Background
Cappelen Smith was born at Trondheim in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. He was the son of Elias Anton Smith (1842–1912), founder of E.A. Smith AS and Ingeborg Anna Røvig (1846–1923). His middle name Cappelen is from the family of his paternal grandmother, Marie Severine Cappelen (died 1900) married to Peder Høegh Smith (died 1881). He grew up as the eldest son among nine children and attended the Trondheim Cathedral School.
He was educated as a chemist at , now the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, taking his final exam in 1893. The same year he emigrated to the United States.

Career
Cappelen Smith was employed in the metallurgical industry working from 1895–96 for Chicago Copper Refining Company, during 1896–1900 for the Anaconda Copper Mining Company and from 1901–10 as head metallurgist for Baltimore Copper Smelting and Rolling Company in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. It was while at this company,  that he and William H. Peirce developed the , which revolutionized the Manhès-David process.

Peirce-Smith converter

The Peirce-Smith converter, introduced in 1908, improved significantly the copper converting process. Before this improvement, the converter was a long cylindrical vessel, lined with sand and clay. It was developed by two French engineers, Pierre Manhès and  from 1880 to 1884. Their copper-converting process, named the Manhès-David process, was directly derived from the Bessemer process. In this horizontal chemical reactor, where air was injected into copper matte, a molten sulfide material containing iron, sulphur and copper, to become molten blister, an alloy containing 99% copper. But the basic slag produced during the blowing combined with the acid silica refractory lining, thereby causing a very short lifetime of the lining.

By developing a basic refractory material adapted to the matte refining process (in magnesia bricks), Cappelen Smith and William H. Peirce found a way to drastically increase the lifetime of the lining. It has been stated that, in some cases, the process allowing an increase from 10 to 2500 tons of copper produced without relining the converters. A reduction of the cost of copper converting from 15–20 USD to 4–5 USD has been stated.

The Peirce-Smith converter replaced quickly the Manhès-David Converter : by March 1912, the Peirce-Smith Converting Co claimed that "over 80% of the copper produced in [the U.S.] is being converted either in P-S type converters or on basic lining, under license, in the old acid shells".

It is still in use today, although the process has been significantly improved since then. In 2010, with 250 converters working in the world, the Peirce-Smith converters refine 90% of the copper matte.

Guggenheim process
The Guggenheim process is a method of chemical precipitation which employs ferric chloride and aeration to prepare sludge for filtration. Cappelen Smith improved the leaching technology and applied it to the low grade copper ore deposits of the Guggenheim family mining interests in the Chuquicamata open pit copper mine in the north of Chile.  The Guggenheim process  first  the exploitation of poor quality copper ore in the Chuquicamata mine starting in 1915. This mine is still today one of the world's largest copper resources.

Honors
In 1920 Cappelen Smith was honored with the gold medal of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America for distinguished service in the art of hydrometallurgy. In 1925, he was  made a commander 1st Class in the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. He was made a member of the Royal Norwegian Scientific Society during 1926. He was also commander of the Chilean Al Merito-order and was awarded an honorary doctorate at Drexel Institute of Technology. In 1930, Cappelen Smith helped finance the installation of the Steinmeyer organ in the Nidaros Cathedral  for the 900th anniversary of the Battle of Stiklestad. (Norwegian:Olavsjubileet 1930th)

References

Primary Source

Saga in Steel and Concrete is posted in sections at: Norway-L archives 2003-04 Norway-L archives 2003-05

External links
Mining and Metallurgical Society of America official website
Peirce-Smith Converting Centennial Symposium

Category:1873 births
Category:1949 deaths
Category:American chemical engineers
Category:American civil engineers
Category:American metallurgists
Category:People from Trondheim
Elias Anton
Category:Norwegian emigrants to the United States
Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
Category:Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters


2018 Thomas Cup knockout stage

This article lists the fixtures of the knockout stage for the 2018 Thomas Cup in Bangkok, Thailand. It began on 24 May with the quarter-finals and ended on 27 May with the final match of the tournament.

Qualified teams

Bracket

Quarter-finals

China vs Chinese Taipei

Indonesia vs Malaysia

France vs Japan

South Korea vs Denmark

Semi-finals

China vs Indonesia

Japan vs Denmark

Final

China vs Japan

References

Thomas knockout stage


Mil e Uma Noites

Mil e Uma Noites () is the fourth (and originally final, until their reunion in 2017) studio album of Brazilian pop girl group Rouge, released on May 30, 2005, by Sony BMG. The work is a mix of new tracks and a greatest hits compilation, including "Ragatanga", "Brilha La Luna" and "Blá Blá Blá". Previously unreleased songs were "Me Leva Contigo", "Mais Uma Da Lista", "Cidade Triste", "Onde Está O Amor?", "O Amor é Ilusão" and the lead single "Vem Habib (Wala Wala)", and a bonus acoustic version of the hit "Um Anjo Veio Me Falar". The album sold more than 50,000 copies in Brazil.

Background

After releasing three albums, the girls wanted their new album to have only new songs, but the record company wanted a compilation album. For Rouge, to have new songs at that moment (2005) was a way to prove to the public and the press that the group did not end, as was speculated. The rumors, according to Patrícia Lissa, started because the quartet was living a transition period since 2004, when it left the producer RGB and were signed to Arsenal (Rick Bonadio) after Luciana Andrade's departure. Also, their last album was not as successful as their first two albums. In addition, their label, Sony Music, merged with BMG.

"Today many people respect us and do not see us as a laboratory band, a disposable product, made to sell millions of a single disc, give money to many people and then disappear," she says.  After the discussion about the fate of the album, Mil e Uma Noites became a compilation and an album of new songs in a single album. The format of the album was the form found by the girls to reconcile their interests with those of the record company.

Songs

Of the 14 tracks on the CD, the fourth and last in the career of Patricia, Aline, Karin and Fantine, six are new. The remaining eight songs are hits taken from previous albums, including an acoustic version unheard of for the hit "Um Anjo Veio Me Falar."

The first working track of Mil e Uma Noites is "Vem Habib (Wala Wala)", one of six unpublished songs from the album. Maintaining the group's proposal - dance melody, relaxed lyrics and children's appeal - the song was compared to "Ralando o Tchan (Dança do Ventre)", by the group É o Tchan, for the Arab theme. But according to Patrícia, references to the song were Rich Girl, released by No Doubt vocalist Gwen Stefani on her solo album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004) And "Whenever, Wherever," Shakira's hit. Another highlight is the version for the song "Torn", of Natalie Imbruglia, that became "O Amor é Ilusão", written by songwriter Milton Guedes.

Critical reception

The reviewer Bruno Nogueira from Folhapé praised the album, arguing, "They continue to show what they have tasted in the Popstars program marathon: they are voices capable of delivering hits when they are well disciplined." Mil e Uma Noites variation is fine enjoyable, except probably for the very working music that invests too much in the sounds of the Middle East appropriated by Rede Globo in the novel O Clone. guitar and melodies that oscillate between the melancholic and the agitated, depending on the point of view that one wants to give the central theme, love. Without detracting from the original part of Bonadio's work, the high point is really the versions. is an "O Amor é Ilusão", the interesting "Não Dá pra Resistir" appear, and "Um Anjo Veio Me Falar", in an acoustic version.

In addition to the release on television, the girls also performed all over Brazil, in what became the band's last tour, The Mil e Uma Noite Tour, in 2005. The group also made a special appearance in Band's Floribella, singing the single "Vem Habib (Wala Wala)" and the success "Um Anjo Veio Me Falar".

Singles
The first single from the album, "Vem Habib (Wala Wala)" was released on May 23, 2005 on Brazilian radio stations. His music video was recorded in the desert on June 3 and premiered on June 16 on MTV. The second and last single of the album, "O Amor é Ilusão", was released at the end of September 2005.

Track listing

Notes

Category:Rouge (pop group) albums
Category:2005 albums
Category:2005 compilation albums
Category:Albums produced by Rick Bonadio


Loya Paktia

Lōya Paktiā (; lit. Greater Paktia) is a historical and cultural region of Afghanistan, comprising the modern Afghan provinces of Khost, Paktia, and Paktika, as well as parts of Logar and Ghazni, and parts of Kurram and Waziristan in Pakistan. Loya Paktia is vaguely defined by a common culture and history that is connected to the local indigenous tribes that reside in the region. Particular styles of clothing, articles of clothing, turban styles, turban cloth colors, dialects of Pashto language, etc. may sometimes be associated with specific tribes indigenous to Loya Paktia and thus integrate themselves into regional culture. For instance, a Pashtun tribesman from Loy Kandahar may quickly recognize a Pashtun from Loya Paktia based upon his turban (or lungee) style and color. Likewise, a Pashtun from Loya Paktia may recognize someone from Loy Kandahar based upon his unique style of collarless kameez (shirt) with specific embroidered patterns on the front. There are many subtle and intricate cultural indicators of this type that are not recorded in any known written history but simply known and observed by the tribesmen of the various Pashtun regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Main settlements
The largest city of the region is Khost, while other cities of Loya Paktia include Zurmat (largest city of Paktia Province), Gardez (capital of Paktia Province), Urgun (largest city of Paktika), and Sharana (capital of Paktika).

Other main towns of Loya Paktia are Sardeh Band (Ghazni), Charkh (Logar), Tari Mangal (Kurram), Angur Ada (partly in South Waziristan), Yakubi, Tani, Dadwal, Aryob, Khandkhel, Tsamkani, Zarghun Shar, Wazakhwa, and Zerok.

Demography
The population mostly consists of Pashtuns from various tribes under the larger Karlani and Ghilji confederacies. Predominant tribes with notable large populations native to Loya Paktia include Zadran, Zazi, Mangal, Ahmadzai, Totakhil, Tani, Sabari, Sulaimankhel, Kharoti, Wazir, and Gurbaz. Kochian are common in the region throughout the year who still live a nomadic lifestyle.

References

Category:Regions of Afghanistan
Category:Pashtun culture
Category:Paktia Province
Category:Paktika Province
Category:Khost Province
Category:Historical regions


Pouançay

Pouançay is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Vienne department

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Vienne


FemTechNet

FemTechNet is a feminist network of scholars, artists, and activists known for its feminist, decentralized pedagogy experiments. FemTechNet became the focus of various media outlets when it broadcast its efforts to "storm" Wikipedia under its "wikistorming" initiative. Beyond its 2013 Wikipedia project, FemTechNet has been described as "a new approach to collaborative learning", and a "feminist anti-MOOC."

Background

The network began in Southern California in 2012 with Anne Balsamo and Alexandra Juhasz as co-founders and co-facilitators. FemTechNet describes itself as “an activated network of scholars, artists and students who work on, with, and at the borders of technology, science and feminism in a variety of fields including STS, Media and Visual Studies, Art, Women's, Queer and Ethnic Studies.” In a peer-reviewed concept paper, the founders more concretely described the project as one of interdisciplinary community building.

Distributed open collaborative courses (DOCC), FemTechNets primary initiative, uses networked technologies in many innovative ways, including developing “nodal” classes around shared themes that are augmented by video discussions available on FemTechNet's website by participating university instructors. The first DOCC, "Dialogues in Feminism and Technology," was initiated in 2013 as for-credit courses at the following institutions:
 Rutgers University
 The New School
 CUNY
 University of California at San Diego
 University of Illinois
 Ohio State University
 Bowling Green State University
 Pitzer College
 Colby-Sawyer College
 Penn State University
 California Polytechnic University
 Ontario College of Art and Design
 Brown University
 Yale University
California State University, Fullerton

Non-traditional students take the course via the FTN website's free, self-directed learner component. In 2014 - 2015 the second Distributed Open Collaborative Course (DOCC) series was offered at the following nodes.

In 2013 FemTechNet launched "Storming Wikipedia", which aimed to encourage students to engage in Wikipedia editing. Portrayed as a response to Wikipedia's gender imbalance, the assignment is also used to highlight "the significant contributions of feminists to technology". "Wikistorming" got the attention of mainstream media networks, including a story by Fox News and CampusReform.org, which framed the effort as biased not critically corrective.

See also
 Cyberfeminism
 Feminist technoscience
 Networked feminism

References

External links
FemTechNet (Old Site)
FemTechNet (New site)
"We Are FemTechNet" (Group Manifesto)
Technical Report on the DOCC
FAQ for FemTechNet
Connected Courses, Unit 4, Class 3: Teaching Wikipedia Editing

Category:Feminist websites
Category:American educational websites
Category:Wikipedia


Velvet Songs

Velvet Songs, (subtitled To Baba Fred Anderson)  is a double album by Chicago Trio, a collective jazz group consisting of saxophonist Ernest Dawkins, bassist Harrison Bankhead and drummer Hamid Drake. It was recorded live in 2008 at the Velvet Lounge, the club owned by saxophonist Fred Anderson, and released on the French RogueArt label.

Reception

The Down Beat review by James Hale notes "Although recorded two years prior to Anderson’s death, the two discs are suffused with feeling for him, and there is a decidedly spiritual air about the performances."

The All About Jazz review by John Sharpe states "Dawkins, as he has shown many times with his New Horizons Ensemble, cuts a dash as a fluent soloist, drawing upon a varied palette of reeds to create his swinging lope, at times bop-ish in his dancing oscillation around changing tonal centers, while at other times impassioned and unfettered."

In her review for JazzTimes Lyn Horton says "The Chicago Trio never steps outlandishly into untenable zones but maintains a sense of portending reverence."

Track listing
All compositions by Ernest Dawkins, Harrison Bankhead, Hamid Drake

Disc One
 "Astral Projection" – 12:53
 "Sweet 22nd Street (The Velvet Lounge)" – 12:10
 "You Just Crossed My Mind" – 8:26
 "The Rumble" – 6:11
 "Peace and Blessings (to Fred)" – 9:21
 "Down n' the Delta" – 7:40

Disc Two
 "Jah Music" – 9:54
 "Galaxies Beyond" – 5:47
 "Woman of Darfur" – 10:00
 "Waltz of Passion" – 8:56
 "Moi Tre Gran Garcon" – 17:44
 "One for Fred" – 17:19

Personnel
Ernest Dawkins – soprano sax, alto sax, tenor sax, percussion
Harrison Bankhead – double bass, cello
Hamid Drake – drums, frame drum

References

Category:2011 live albums
Category:Ernest Dawkins live albums


Likavka

Likavka is a village and municipality in Ružomberok District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1315.

Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 520 metres and covers an area of 18.261km². It has a population of about 3012 people.

External links
http://www.likavka.sk/ Official homepage
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html

Category:Villages and municipalities in Ružomberok District


Networked Help Desk

Networked Help Desk is an open standard initiative to provide a common API for sharing customer support tickets between separate instances of issue tracking, bug tracking, customer relationship management (CRM) and project management systems to improve customer service and reduce vendor lock-in. The initiative was created by Zendesk in June 2011 in collaboration with eight other founding member organizations including Atlassian, New Relic, OTRS, Pivotal Tracker, ServiceNow and SugarCRM. The first integration,  between Zendesk and Atlassian's issue tracking product, JIRA, was announced at the 2011 Atlassian Summit. By August 2011, 34 member companies had joined the initiative. A year after launching, over 50 organizations had joined. Within Zendesk instances this feature is branded as ticket sharing.

Basis
Support tools are generally built around a common paradigm that begins with a customer making a request or an incident report, these create a ticket. Each ticket has a progress status and is updated with annotations and attachments. These annotations and attachments may be visible to the customer (public) or only visible to analysts (private). Customers are notified of progress made on their ticket until it is complete. If the people necessary to complete a ticket are using separate support tools, additional overhead is introduced in maintaining the relevant information in the ticket in each tool while notifying the customer of progress made by each group in completing their ticket. For example, if a customer support issue is caused by a software bug and reported to a help desk using one system, and then the fix is documented by the developers in another, and analyzed in a customer relationship management tool, keeping the records in each system up-to-date and notifying the customer manually using a swivel chair approach is unnecessarily time-consuming and error-prone. If information is not transferred correctly, a customer may have to re-explain their problem each time their ticket is transferred.

For systems with the Networked Help Desk API implemented, it is possible for several different applications related to a customer's support experience to synchronize data in one uniquely identified shared ticket. While many applications in these domains have implemented APIs that allow data to be imported, exported and modified, Network Help Desk provides a common standard for customer support information to automatically synchronize between several systems. Once implemented two systems can quickly share tickets with just a configuration change as they both understand the same interface.

Communication between two instances on a specific ticket occurs in three steps, an invitation agreement, sharing of ticket data and continued synchronization of tickets. The standard allows for "full delegation" (analysts in both systems each make public and private comments and synchronize status) as well as "partial delegation" where the instance receiving the ticket can only make private comments and status changes are not synchronized. Tickets may be shared with multiple instances.

Implementation list

Criticism
Harvey Kandola of Countersoft suggested that it would be preferable to have a single application that consolidates all tracking related functions, rather than using multiple tools and "connecting the dots" with initiatives like the Networked Help Desk.

See also
 Comparison of issue-tracking systems
 Enterprise application integration
 Enterprise service bus
 OSS through Java
 Web-oriented architecture

References

Further reading

External links

 Networked Help Desk on ProgrammableWeb

Category:Cloud computing
Category:Cloud standards
Category:Open standards
Category:Application programming interfaces


Gus Worland

Gus Worland is an Australian television and radio personality. He is best known for his series of reality television programs Man Power An Aussie Goes Barmy, An Aussie Goes Bolly and An Aussie Goes Calypso which aired on Fox8.

He is one of the hosts of the Triple M Sydney breakfast radio show The Grill Team.

Early life
Worland grew up in Sydney, Australia. He attended Knox Grammar School, where he met lifelong friend Hugh Jackman. During his schooling, Worland played a number of sports and was heavily involved with the extra curricular activities at Knox Grammar School. After graduating from high school, he worked in sales. After marrying and having children in England, he returned to Australia and began his media career.

Media career

Television
With Hugh Jackman, Worland co-created and starred in Fox8's An Aussie Goes series, following the Australian cricket team around the world. The first series in 2006 was An Aussie Goes Barmy. His mission was to follow the Barmy Army from England to Australia for all five cricket test matches. The next series was An Aussie Goes Bolly. The third series brought Worland to the West Indies for An Aussie Goes Calypso. Worland had a program on A&E Australia called Gus Worland: Marathon Man.

Radio
Worland has been a host on Triple M's breakfast program The Grill Team since 2009. He left the show in October 2019 to focus on his charity. He still has a regular role at triple M as part of the dead set legends Saturday morning program

Personal life
Worland started men's mental health support charity Gotcha4Life after the suicide of close friend Angus Roberts.

Awards
Worland has won two ASTRA Awards: one for Best Entertainment Show in 2007 for his role as Team Leader in Fox8's The Singing Office and the second in 2008 when he was awarded Best Sports Show on Pay TV for An Aussie Goes Bolly. Worland was recognised as the Best Newcomer On-Air in the Metropolitan Division at the 2010 Australian Commercial Radio Awards.

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:Triple M presenters
Category:Australian television presenters
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Kosala (disambiguation)

Kosala may refer to:

Places in India
 Kosala, one of the 16 Mahajanapadas in the 6th to 5th centuries BCE, approximately present Awadh (Oudh) in Uttar Pradesh
 Kosala Kingdom, Uttara Kosala, or Kosala Proper, mentioned in the ancient texts
 Dakshina Kosala Kingdom, or South Kosala, in present Chhattisgarh state and western Odisha state

Given name
Kosala Devi first wife of Magadha Emperor Bimbisara (558–491 BCE)
Kosala Kuruppuarachchi (born 1964) Sri Lankan cricketer
Kosala Kulasekara (born 1985) Sri Lankan cricketer
Kosala Ramadas (died 2013) politician in Kerala, India

Other
 Kosala (moth), genus of family Lasiocampidae
 Kosala (novel), 1963 Marathi novel by Bhalchandra Nemade

See also
 Kosal (disambiguation)


I'm a Realist

"I'm a Realist" is the fourth and final single from the third album by British indie rock band The Cribs, released in February 2008. Men's Needs, Women's Needs, Whatever, released in May 2007, featured three other commercially successful and critically lauded songs in the form of 'Men's Needs', 'Moving Pictures' and 'Our Bovine Public'. Recorded at the Warehouse Studio in Vancouver, British Columbia with Franz Ferdinand vocalist and guitarist Alex Kapranos, the song received mastering treatment at Alchemy, London, United Kingdom.

Physical release
The song received a physical release on seven inch vinyl and digital download. Frequent band collaborator Nick Scott designed the sleeve, with the release featuring the catalogue number 'WEBB163S'.

B-Sides

The seven inch vinyl b-side featured a cover of 'Bastards of Young' by The Replacements, a group that the Jarman brothers have long admired. Bernard Butler produced the song, recorded at West Heath Studios, London. A remix of the single by the Postal Service also features on the rare North American version of the vinyl, available only at the dates on that continental tour in 2008.

Miscellaneous

The song came backed with a sticker of the band and therefore made the release chart ineligible due to BPI restrictions. The music video features a 'doomed' rendezvous between two friends at a Cribs concert, with the protagonist succumbing to death in the bath via a falling plant pot. The band make a fleeting appearance at the end of the video.

Track Listings

Footnotes

External links
official band website
official record label website

Category:2008 singles
Category:The Cribs songs
Category:Songs written by Gary Jarman
Category:Songs written by Ross Jarman
Category:Songs written by Ryan Jarman
Category:2008 songs
Category:Wichita Recordings singles


Gorman, South Dakota

Gorman is an unincorporated community in Potter County, in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

History
Gorman was laid out in 1910 by Roscoe Thurlow Gorman, and named for him. It was established on the railroad about ten miles south-south east of Gettysburg and about ten miles north of Agar. The legal description is Potter County, Artichoke township, T. 117 N., R. 77 W. straddling Sections 24 and 25 on the Artichoke creek.

At its height, Gorman housed a grain elevator of the George P. Sexton company, a U.S. Post Office named for the town,
a school, a blacksmith shop and a mercantile. The population of Gorman in 1911 was estimated to be about 400 people, including the nearby farms. By 1920, the population was reduced to 63. The Post Office closed in 1945 followed by the store and the grain elevators. The one-room school finally closed in the early 1950s.

The post office remained open from 1911 to 1945. The list of postmasters is as follows: Roscoe T. Gorman (installed Jan. 27, 1911), Ernest Eggers (installed Dec. 16, 1913), Cornelia A. Goding (installed June 5, 1915), Willie W. Wolf (installed June 26, 1920), Henry Hawkinson (installed Nov. 28, 1921), Annie L. Hawkinson (installed July 31, 1922), Fannie L. Smith (installed Mar. 5, 1923), John W. Smith (installed June 20, 1938).

Gorman was finally incorporated into Gettysburg, South Dakota on July 15, 1945.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Potter County, South Dakota
Category:Unincorporated communities in South Dakota
Category:Populated places established in 1910
Category:1910 establishments in South Dakota


Season of Sweets

Season Of Sweets is Modey Lemon's well-received fourth album. The band embarked on a tour to promote the album shortly after its release.

Track listing
"The Bear Comes Back Down the Mountain" - 5:21
"The Peacock's Eye" - 5:29
"It Made You Dumb" - 3:49
"Sacred Place" - 4:48
"Become A Monk" - 4:19
"Ice Fields" - 7:10
"Milk Moustache" - 3:09
"Season Of Sweets" - 2:54
"Live Like Kids" - 10:27

Personnel
Paul Quattrone - Drums
Phil Boyd - Vocals, guitar and synthesizers
Jason Kirker - Bass and keyboards

External links
Pitchfork link
Dusted link
iTunes link

Category:2008 albums
Category:Modey Lemon albums
Category:Birdman Records albums


Albert Sutanto

Albert Christiadi Sutanto (born December 24, 1975) is an Indonesian former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly and medley events. He is a two-time Olympian (2000 and 2004), and multi medalist 9 Gold 5 Silver and 16 Bronze at the Southeast Asian Games (1991 to 2005).

Sutanto made his first Indonesian team, along with his twin brother Felix, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He failed to reach the top 16 in any of his individual events, finishing fifty-fifth in the 100 m butterfly (56.50), and forty-second in the  200 m butterfly (2:05.13).

At the 2003 Southeast Asian Games in Hanoi, Vietnam, Sutanto won a bronze medal in the 200 m butterfly with a time of 2:05.03. He also blasted an Indonesian record of 2:06.09 in the 200 m individual medley, but managed to pull off a fourth-place effort in the final.

Sutanto shortened his swimming program at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, as his spots in both 100 and 200 m butterfly were respectively taken by Andy Wibowo and Donny Utomo. Instead, he qualified only for the 200 m individual medley. After breaking his own record from the SEA Games, his entry time of 2:06.09 was officially accredited under a FINA B-standard. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat three, including Denmark's Jacob Carstensen and South Korea's Kim Bang-Hyun, who both competed at their third Olympics. Sutanto upset SEA Games bronze medalist Gary Tan of Singapore to take a sixth seed by less than nearly a second in 2:07.55. Sutanto failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fortieth overall in the preliminaries.

References

External links

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Category:Indonesian male swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Indonesia
Category:Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:Male butterfly swimmers
Category:Male medley swimmers
Category:Sportspeople from Surabaya
Category:Southeast Asian Games medalists in swimming
Category:Southeast Asian Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
Category:Swimmers at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Competitors at the 2003 Southeast Asian Games
Category:Asian Games competitors for Indonesia


Kevin East

Kevin East (born March 29, 1971) is a retired U.S. soccer goalkeeper who currently coaches the Rutgers–Newark men's soccer team.  He spent six seasons in the USISL and two as a backup keeper with the MetroStars in Major League Soccer.   He is a member of the National Soccer Coaches Association of America National Rating Board and is a former president of the College Soccer Association of New Jersey.

Player

Youth
East graduated from Montgomery High School where he was an all-state soccer player.  He then attended Kean University where he was a member of the men's soccer team from 1989 to 1992.  In 1992, he and his teammates won the NCAA Division III national championship.  He holds the school record for single season and career saves as well as career shutouts.  He graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science and criminal justice in 1993 and was inducted into the Kean University Hall of Fame in 2004.

Professional
In 1994, he signed with the Jersey Dragons in the USISL.  He then played the 1995 season with the Dragons before being drafted by the Columbus Crew in the 3rd round (30th overall) of the 1996 MLS Supplemental Draft.  He broke his wrist during the preseason and was released soon after.  On May 15, 1996, he signed a two-year contract with the Central Jersey Riptide of USISL.  In 1998, he began the season with the New Jersey Stallions before being sent on loan to the MetroStars of Major League Soccer when regular backup Tim Howard joined the U.S. U-20 national team in preparation for the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship qualification.  He shared time during the 1999 season with the MetroStars and the North Jersey Imperials.  In 2000 and 2001, he played a handful of games for the New Jersey Stallions.

Coach
In 1993, East became an assistant coach at Kean University, a position he held through 1996.  In 1998, he was hired as the men's soccer coach by New Jersey City University.  Over the next nine seasons, he compiled a 123-66-11 record and was the 2005 New Jersey Athletic Conference Coach of the Year.  In 2004, he coached the NJCU women's soccer team for a single season, compiling a 5-13-1 record.  In January 2007, he was hired by Rutgers–Newark as the school's head soccer coach, a position he holds today.

He is a member of the National Soccer Coaches Association of America National Rating Board.  He is also a former president of the College Soccer Association of New Jersey.

References

External links
Career overview

Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:American soccer coaches
Category:American soccer players
Category:Central Jersey Riptide players
Category:Jersey Dragons players
Category:New York Red Bulls players
Category:New Jersey Stallions players
Category:North Jersey Imperials players
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:USISL players
Category:USISL Pro League players
Category:USISL D-3 Pro League players
Category:Columbus Crew SC draft picks


Realization (probability)

In probability and statistics, a realization, observation, or observed value, of a random variable is the value that is actually observed (what actually happened). The random variable itself is the process dictating how the observation comes about. Statistical quantities computed from realizations without deploying a statistical model are often called "empirical", as in empirical distribution function or empirical probability.

Conventionally, to avoid confusion, upper case letters denote random variables; the corresponding lower case letters denote their realizations.

In more formal probability theory, a random variable is a function X defined from a sample space Ω to a measurable space called the state space. If an element in Ω is mapped to an element in state space by X, then that element in state space is a realization. (In fact, a random variable cannot be an arbitrary function and it needs to satisfy another condition: it needs to be measurable.) Elements of the sample space can be thought of as all the different possibilities that could happen; while a realization (an element of the state space) can be thought of as the value X attains when one of the possibilities did happen. Probability is a mapping that assigns numbers between zero and one to certain subsets of the sample space. Subsets of the sample space that contain only one element are called elementary events. The value of the random variable (that is, the function) X at a point ω ∈ Ω,

is called a realization of X.

See also
Outcome (probability)
Random variate
Raw score

References

Category:Statistical data types