Stewart Menaul

Air Vice Marshal Stewart William Blacker Menaul,  (17 June 1915 – 22 May 1987) was an officer in the Royal Air Force (RAF). During the Second World War he served in RAF Bomber Command with the elite Pathfinder Force. After the war he participated in  the British nuclear weapons tests in Australia, and was on board the Vickers Valiant that dropped Britain's first atomic bomb  on 11 October 1956 during Operation Buffalo.

Early life and career
Stewart William Blacker Menaul was born on 17 June 1915. He was educated in Laurelvale and Portadown, in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. He joined the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1931 as an apprentice with No. 2 School of Technical Training at RAF Cranwell. In 1935 he commenced flight training with C Squadron at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, and on completion of his training, was commissioned as a pilot officer on 19 December 1936.

Second World War
Menaul was posted to No. 21 Squadron RAF, which was then flying the Hawker Hind biplane. He was promoted to flying officer on 19 June 1938, and was granted the acting rank of flight lieutenant on 7 April 1939. He relinquished the rank on 11 May 1939, but was restored to it on 19 June 1940. In 1940 and 1941 he was a flight instructor. He was mentioned in despatches on 1 January 1941.

Menaul's next assignment was to No. 15 Squadron RAF, a bomber squadron flying the Vickers Wellington and later the Short Stirling. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 22 August 1941. Promoted to squadron leader on 1 September 1941, he became the squadron commander on 7 January 1942. He was awarded the Air Force Cross on 1 January 1943, and was again mentioned in despatches on 1 January 1943 and 1 June 1943.

In May 1943, with his combat tour completed, Menaul was assigned to the staff of No. 3 Group RAF. He became acting wing commander on 1 July 1943; the rank became substantive on 7 November. He became the commander of RAF Gransden Lodge on 5 June 1943, RAF Graveley on 23 August 1943, and RAF Upwood on 6 December 1944. He was again mentioned in despatches on 1 January 1945 and 1 January 1946.

Post war
After the war, Menaul attended the RAF Staff College, Bracknell, and joined the staff of the RAF Directorate of Organisation (Forecasting and Planning). He attended the Imperial Defence College in 1950, and then became Deputy Director of Operations. He was promoted to group captain on 1 January 1953.

In 1955, Menaul attended US nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site, and then became the air task group commander for the British nuclear weapons tests in Australia. He flew an English Electric Canberra bomber through the fallout cloud during Operation Mosaic to measure radiation levels, and was on board the Vickers Valiant that dropped Britain's first atomic bomb on 11 October 1956 during Operation Buffalo.  He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1957 New Year Honours.

Menaul returned to England in 1957, and became the commander of the Bomber Command Bombing School at RAF Lindholme. In April 1959, he became the Air Officer-in-Charge Administration for the British Forces in the Arabian Peninsula. He was promoted to air commodore on 1 July 1959, and air vice-marshal on 3 May 1961. He became Senior Air Staff Officer at Bomber Command on 27 April 1961, and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1963 Birthday Honours. His final posting, on 5 July 1965, was as commandant of the  Joint Services Staff College. He retired on 29 April 1968.

Later life
After leaving the RAF, "Paddy" Menaul (as he was known), became Director General of the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI). Under his guidance, it transformed from a society of military men with a respected journal into a well-known voice in public policy matters. He retired on 13 August 1976, and became a defence consultant. He achieved widespread public recognition as an Independent Television commentator on the 1982 Falklands War.

Menaul died on 22 May 1987. After his death, documents relating to Menaul from 1950 to 1986 have been compiled in 1997 and stored in King's College London.

References

Category:1915 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath
Category:Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell
Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Category:Royal Air Force air marshals
Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II


Andy Gipson

J. Andrew Gipson (born December 21, 1976) is an American politician. He is the current Mississippi Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce. A member of the Republican Party, Gipson served as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 77th District from 2008 until his appointment as Agriculture Commissioner in 2018.

Gipson is special counsel in the law firm of Jones Walker LLP's banking and financial services practice group in Jackson.

State Representative 2008-2018
Gipson championed the "open carry" law, which passed while he was in office.

Mississippi Agriculture Commissioner
On March 30, 2018, Governor Phil Bryant announced that he would appoint Gipson to the office of Mississippi Agriculture and Commerce Commissioner, succeeding Cindy Hyde-Smith, who was appointed by Bryant to serve in the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy left by Thad Cochran. He was sworn in on April 2 to complete Hyde-Smith's uncompleted term.

2019 General Election
With 845,529 votes cast on the ballot for the Mississippi Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce Gipson easily defended his seat with a 59% to 41% win. Mississippi has a nearly $9 billion industry in Agriculture and Commerce. In Gipson's acceptance speech he announced his office will focus on workforce development among teens.

References

|-

Category:1976 births
Category:21st-century American lawyers
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Mississippi House of Representatives
Category:Mississippi Commissioners of Agriculture and Commerce
Category:Mississippi Republicans
Category:People from Flowood, Mississippi


BLB

BLB may refer to:
 Basketball League Belgium, a governing body for basketball in Belgium
 Black Light Burns, an American industrial rock band
 Blacklight Blue, a fluorescent black light with a dark blue filter coating on the tube
 Blue Letter Bible, a Bible study project founded by the Christian 501(c)3 Sowing Circle
 Howard Air Force Base (IATA: BLB), a former United States Air Force base in Panama


Sergei Khusainov

Sergei Grigorievich Khusainov (, birth Rashid Rahmatullovich Khusainov  (; born July 18, 1954, Moscow) is a Russian football referee and a former football player. He works in the international category.

Career
After a dispute with a match referee, Khusainov decided to become a judge. In the top league of the USSR championship he refereed 74 matches. In the championship of Russia, he judged some 183 matches. He was Chief Justice of the Russian Cup final 1993. He was voted best referee in 1987, 1988, 1991–1994 and 1996–1998. In 1999, he retired.

In 1994, he coached the youth team of Russia.

References

External links
 Провокация
 Другой Хусаинов

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:Soviet football referees
Category:Russian football referees
Category:Soviet footballers
Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Category:Tatar people of Russia
Category:Russian football managers

Category:Association football defenders


1998 African Men's Handball Championship

The 1998 African Men's Handball Championship, was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 19 to 28 October 1998. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 1999 World Championship in Egypt.

Tunisia win their fifth title beating Algeria in the final game 22–19.

Qualified teams

Squads

Group stage
All times are local (UTC+2).

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage

5–10th place bracket

Semifinals

Ninth place game

Seventh place game

Fifth place game

Third place game

Final

Final ranking

References

Category:African handball championships
Handball
A
Handball
Category:Handball in South Africa
Category:1990s in Johannesburg
Category:Sports competitions in Johannesburg
Category:October 1998 sports events in Africa


Spring River Bridge

The Spring River Bridge, is a historic bridge carrying Riverview Drive over the Spring River south of Mammoth Spring, Arkansas.  The bridge is a concrete girder structure with five spans, and a total length of .  The bridge is about  wide, with simple cast concrete guard rails.  The bridge rests on concrete abutments and piers.  The bridge was built in 1916 by H. B. Walton as part of a county effort to improve its road infrastructure and is a well-preserved local example of early concrete bridge construction.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, Arkansas
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas

References

Category:Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Category:Bridges completed in 1916
Category:Buildings and structures in Fulton County, Arkansas
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Fulton County, Arkansas
Category:Road bridges in Arkansas
Category:Girder bridges in the United States
Category:Concrete bridges in the United States


NWA International Tag Team Championship

This was a regional NWA championship based in Japan. For the version of this title that was promoted in NWA All Star Wrestling in Canada, see NWA International Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version).

The NWA International Tag Team Championship was a National Wrestling Alliance-sanctioned title contested for in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Western States Sports. Prior to being used in AJPW, the title was defended in the Japan Wrestling Association (JWA). The title lasted from 1962 through 1988. It is now part of the World Tag Team Championship, also known as the "Double Cup".

Title history

List of combined reigns by Team

List of combined reigns by wrestler

See also

List of National Wrestling Alliance championships
Japan Wrestling Association
World Tag Team Championship
NWA International Heavyweight Championship

Footnotes

References

External links
Wrestling-Titles.com

Category:All Japan Pro Wrestling championships
Category:National Wrestling Alliance championships
Category:Tag team wrestling championships
Category:Western States Sports championships


Robert German

Robert German  (born Robert John German on June 16, 1978) is a United States singer, guitarist, and songwriter.

Biography
Robert German was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1978.
In 1996, at the age of eighteen after he quit attending Oklahoma State University, German bought is first guitar and began writing songs.

In April 2006, his song Marlboro Man was distributed nationally with the DVD release of Brokeback Mountain through Wolfe Video. The song was picked up in June by Sirius Satellite Radio's OutQ Channel 106, where the song went to number 1.

On November 14, 2006, German released his self-produced debut album, sirens of Brooklyn, containing 12 original tracks.
His song Well formed man was featured on National Public Radio's Open Mic series as well as
the Village Voice's High Bias with Uncle LD.

His songs open wide, Fishnet Sailor and Marlboro man, all held the number 1 position on Sirius Satellite Radio's OutQ Channel 109. His music has been featured on THIS WAY OUT
the international gay & lesbian radio magazine, broadcast on over 150 radio stations worldwide.

On September 30, 2007, the music video for Open Wide debuted as an official selection of the Coney Island Film Festival.

Discography

Studio albums

Robert German's debut album, Sirens of Brooklyn, was released on November 14, 2006. The album included 12 tracks and a hidden track titled "Knock on my door."

 2006 – Sirens of Brooklyn (Album)

CD Singles
 2008 – Unplug (limited edition single)

Demos / Promos
 2003 – Open Wide-Songs 1998–present (unreleased)
 2006 – Marlboro Man (Limited Edition Promo Single)
 2006 – Marlboro Man (Limited Edition Promo 12" Vinyl)

Influences

References

Wolfe Video

Indie Music

External links

 Robert German(official Website)
 Robert German Myspace page
 Pigeonhole Records

Category:American male composers
Category:21st-century American composers
Category:American folk guitarists
Category:American male guitarists
Category:American singer-songwriters
Category:American folk singers
Category:Musicians from Oklahoma City
Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Songwriters from Oklahoma
Category:Singers from Oklahoma
Category:Guitarists from Oklahoma
Category:21st-century American singers
Category:21st-century American guitarists
Category:21st-century male singers


Alan Wilson (bishop)

Alan Thomas Lawrence Wilson (born 27 March 1955) is a British Anglican bishop. Since October 2003, he has been the area Bishop of Buckingham in the Diocese of Oxford.

Early life
Wilson was born on 27 March 1955 in Redford Barracks in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at Sevenoaks School, then an all-boys independent school in Kent. He studied history at St John's College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1977; as per tradition, this was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree in 1981. From 1977 to 1979, he trained for ordained ministry at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford.

Ordained ministry
Wilson was made a deacon at Petertide (1 July) 1979 by Eric Wild, Bishop of Reading, at St Peter's, Didcot, and ordained a priest the Petertide following (29 June 1980) by Patrick Rodger, Bishop of Oxford, at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. From 1979 to 1981 he was an honorary assistant curate of Eynsham (where he met his future wife) and also held an academic position funded by the University of Oxford. From 1981 to 1982, he was an assistant curate in the same parish, his academic position having ended.

His Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree, for which he studied as a student of Balliol College, Oxford, was awarded in 1989. He had completed his thesis in 1988. The official title of his thesis is The theology of church and party of some London ritualistic clergy and parishes, 1880–1914, with special reference to the Church Crisis of 1898-1906, although it bears the unofficial title The authority of church and party among London Anglo-Catholics, 1880–1914, with special reference to the Church Crisis, 1898–1904.

Wilson spent the following years of his ministry in a variety of positions, including as a prison chaplain. He was Vicar of St Michaels, Sandhurst, Rural Dean of Sonning and an honorary canon at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.

Episcopal ministry
On 9 October 2003, Wilson was consecrated a bishop by Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, during a service at Westminster Abbey. He then became Bishop of Buckingham, an area bishop in the Diocese of Oxford.

On 11 February 2017, fourteen retired bishops signed an open letter to the then-serving bishops of the Church of England. In an unprecedented move, they expressed their opposition to the House of Bishops' report to General Synod on sexuality, which recommended no change to the Church's canons or practises around sexuality. By 13 February, Wilson (the only serving bishop) and nine further retired bishops had added their signatures; on 15 February, the report was rejected by synod.

Personal life
Wilson has been married since 1984 and they have five children.

Styles
The Reverend Alan Wilson (1979–1989)
The Reverend Doctor Alan Wilson (1989–2002)
The Reverend Canon Doctor Alan Wilson (2002–2003)
The Right Reverend Doctor Alan Wilson (2003–present)

References

External links
 Full text of doctoral thesis via Oxford Research Archive

Category:1955 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Edinburgh
Category:People educated at Sevenoaks School
Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Category:Alumni of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford
Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Category:Scottish Anglican priests
Category:Anglican chaplains
Category:British chaplains
Category:Bishops of Buckingham
Category:Prison chaplains


Egyptian Army

The Egyptian Army or Egyptian Ground Forces ( al-Quwwāt al-Barriyya al-Miṣriyya) is the largest service branch within the Egyptian Armed Forces. The modern army was established during the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1849), widely considered to be the "founder of modern Egypt". Its most significant engagements in the 20th century were in Egypt's five wars with the State of Israel (in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1967–1970, and 1973), one of which, the Suez Crisis of 1956, also saw it do combat with the armies of Britain, and France. The Egyptian army was also engaged heavily in the protracted North Yemen Civil War, and the brief Libyan-Egyptian War in July 1977. Its last major engagement was Operation Desert Storm, the liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi occupation in 1991, in which the Egyptian army constituted the second-largest contingent of the allied forces.

As of 2019, the army has an estimated strength of 380,000 soldiers, of which, approximately 130,000–200,000 are professionals with the rest being conscripts.

History

For most parts of its long history, ancient Egypt was unified under one government. The main military concern for the nation was to keep enemies out. The arid plains and deserts surrounding Egypt were inhabited by nomadic tribes who occasionally tried to raid or settle in the fertile Nile river valley. Nevertheless, the great expanses of the desert formed a barrier that protected the river valley and was almost impossible for massive armies to cross. The Egyptians built fortresses and outposts along the borders east and west of the Nile Delta, in the Eastern Desert, and in Nubia to the south. Small garrisons could prevent minor incursions, but if a large force was detected a message was sent for the main army corps. Most Egyptian cities lacked city walls and other defenses.

The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three kingdoms and two intermediate periods. During the three kingdoms Egypt was unified under one government. During the intermediate periods (the periods of time between kingdoms) government control was in the hands of the various nomes (provinces within Egypt) and various foreigners. The geography of Egypt served to isolate the country and allowed it to thrive. This circumstance set the stage for many of Egypt's military conquests. They weakened their enemies by using small projectile weapons, like bows and arrows. They also had chariots which they used to charge at the enemy.

Under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty

Following his seizure of power in Egypt, and declaration of himself as khedive of the country, Muhammad Ali Pasha set about establishing a bona fide Egyptian military. Prior to his rule, Egypt had been governed by the Ottoman Empire, and while he still technically owed fealty to the Ottoman Porte, Muhammad Ali sought to gain full independence for Egypt. To further this aim, he brought in European weapons and expertise, and built an army that defeated the Ottoman Sultan, wresting control from the Porte of the Levant, and Hejaz. The Egyptian Army was involved in the following wars during Muhammad Ali's reign:
 Greek War of Independence
 Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)
 Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
 Egyptian Conquest of Sudan (1820-1824)

In addition, he utilised his army to conquer Sudan, and unite it with Egypt.

In 1882 Valentine Baker ("Baker Pasha") was offered the command of the newly formed Egyptian Army, which he accepted. On his arrival at Cairo, however, the offer was withdrawn and he only obtained command of the Egyptian police.  In this post he devoted by far the greater amount of his energy to the training of the gendarmerie, which he realised would be the reserve of the purely military forces. Egypt was then involved in the long-running 1881–99 Mahdist War in the Sudan.

In 1914 the Egyptian Army was a largely native home-defence force. It comprised 17 battalions of infantry (8 Sudanese and 9 Egyptian), 3 companies of mounted infantry, a Camel Corps, support services and various local militia groups. It was organised, expanded and equipped by the British during the prewar years, and led by British officers. Although a few field artillery units participated voluntarily in the defence of the Suez Canal in early 1915, the Egyptian Army was primarily employed to maintain order in the troubled Sudan. It has been estimated that a million Egyptian soldiers participated in the First World War during the reign of Hussein Kamel of Egypt, of whom half a million perished.

Making of a professional army

During Muhammad Ali Pasha's reign, the Egyptian army became a much more strictly regimented and professional army. The recruits were separated from daily civilian life and a sense of the impersonal of law was imposed. Muhammad Ali Pasha previously attempted to create an army of Sudanese slaves and Mamluks, but most died under the intense military training and practices of the Pasha. Instead, the Pasha enforced conscription in 1822 and the new military recruits were mostly Egyptian farmers, also known as fellah. Because of harsh military practices, the 130,000 soldiers conscripted in 1822 revolted in the south in 1824.

The Pasha's goal was to create military order through indoctrination by two new major key practices: isolation and surveillance. In previous times, the wives and family were allowed to follow the army wherever they camped. This was no longer the case. The Pasha sought to create a whole new life for the soldier distinct from that of civilian life. In order to be completely indoctrinated and adapted to the military, they needed to be stripped of their daily lives, habits, and practices. Inside these barracks, soldiers were also subjected to new practices. The rules and regulations were not made to inflict punishment on the recruits but rather to impose a sense of respect for the law; the threat of punishment was enough to keep them in line and from deserting. The roll-call was taken twice a day and those found missing would be declared deserters and would have to face the punishment for their actions. Troops were kept busy to prevent the men from being left idle in the camps. The trivial tasks that filled the soldiers live was an attempt to keep the men constantly engaged in useful tasks and not thinking about leaving. There were also many other reasons why the Pasha enforced this strict isolation. Previously, soldiers would ransack towns and cause mayhem wherever they went. Military disobedience was so frequent that the Bedouins were employed to keep the soldiers in check. Unfortunately this backfired when the Bedouins also indulged in the same destructive behavior. Thus, with the new isolation practices, there was more peace in civilian life.

Isolation also allowed for more intense surveillance. The idea was to promote order through initial obedience rather than through punishment. Though this idea seems humane in nature, the change in mindset went from trust to mistrust and the consequences of disobedience were often fatal. Complete subservience was the Pasha's ultimate goal. An example of this extreme surveillance was the Tezkere. The Tezkere was a certificate with a military official's stamp of approval that allowed the soldier to leave the camp premises. The certificate specified the soldier's reason for and specific details of his absence. The soldier would be invoked to show his certificate when he traveled to prove the legitimacy of his excursion. Even outside the camp surveillance, the soldier is still closely watched.

The Pasha himself also served as a form of surveillance. The law and its strict implementation thereof gave the impression of the Pasha's constant presence. The Pasha highly regarded law and fabricated in his society a strong link between crime and punishment. If a soldier committed crime, its discovery was assumed to be definite along with the punishment thereof. For example, a deserter would receive 15 days imprisonment and 200 lashes for his crime. The harsh punishment, coupled with the fact that roll was called three times daily, dispelled any thought of desertion on the part of the soldier. The previous conception of punishment changed from vengeance to certainty. By far the biggest military reform in this period was crafting the military mindset into one of absolute obedience to prevent any want of dissent. As the soldiers left their old lives for their new military life, they learned their new place in society through their own unique law code and practice.

The transition from corporal punishment as the official policy for punishment to imprisonment is important to the modernization of Egypt's army. The reasoning was that the law can always be applied and a soldier can always be punished for his crimes and that is a better deterrent for crimes than public physical punishments are. However, corporal punishment was not entirely removed. Oftentimes, corporal punishment, such as whipping, will be used along with imprisonment. Prison sentences were divided into three types: light house arrest, heavy house arrest, and imprisonment in the camp jail. Light house arrest had the soldier in isolation for up to two months. Heavy house arrest is limited to one month and has a guard watching over the prisoner and the last option is imprisonment in the camp jail for up to fifteen days.

Policies was also enacted to modernize the army in the way they are structured outside the battlefield. Soldiers were given identification numbers to use on paperwork. A wider variety of uniforms were used to differentiate between ranks. Even buildings has regulations placed on them. Tents were to be placed a set distance between each other and every building had an assigned location within the camp. All of these policies were designed to instill discipline and a sense of collective regularity in every soldier.

Passing laws with a strict punishment regime was not sufficient for the soldiers to internalize the different army regulations that they were asked to obey. For this to succeed these soldiers had to be interned and isolated from outside influences. They then had to be taught to follow rules and regulations that came with army life. This process helped to transform the fellah into disciplined soldiers.

After the Egyptian Revolution of 1952

After the defeat of the Egyptian army in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, a revolutionary organisation was created secretly by the Egyptian officers under the name of Free Officers. This Free Officers, led by Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser, overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Coup d'etat of 1952. The Free Officers then concluded the Anglo–Egyptian Agreement of 1954, with Great Britain. This agreement stated Britain would withdraw its troops based in the Suez Canal.

The first action for the army in the Cold War was the Suez Crisis, known in Egypt and the Arab World as the Tripartite Aggression. Just before the Suez Crisis, politics rather than military competence was the main criterion for promotion. The Egyptian commander, Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer, was a purely political appointee who owed his position to his close friendship with Nasser. A heavy drinker, he would prove himself grossly incompetent as a general during the Crisis. Rigid lines between officers and men in the Egyptian Army led to a mutual "mistrust and contempt" between officers and the men who served under them. Egyptian troops were excellent in defensive operations, but had little capacity for offensive operations, owing to the lack of "rapport and effective small-unit leadership".

Tsouras writes that the mobilised strength of the army in October 1956 was 100,000, in 18 brigades (of which 10 were infantry, 2 armoured, 1 armoured training, and 1 medium machine-gun). The main manoeuvre formations were concentrated in the Sinai (30,000 in two divisions) or in the Canal Zone (one division). The field formations were preoccupied with changing over from British and American to Soviet military equipment. But after the Israeli attack started, "[t]he Egyptians in the Sinai never had a chance.' The Israelis seized the advantage, severed all the fragile seams in the organisation of the Egyptian forces, and destroyed their defences. Nasser ordered retreat from the Sinai which turned into a rout.

Later the army fought in the North Yemen Civil War from 1962 to 1967, and the 1967 Six-Day War.

North Yemen Civil War

Within three months of sending troops to Yemen in 1962, Nasser realized that the engagement would require a larger commitment than anticipated. By early 1963, he would begin a four-year campaign to extricate Egyptian forces from Yemen, using an unsuccessful face-saving mechanism, only to find himself committing more troops. A little less than 5,000 troops were sent in October 1962. Two months later, Egypt had 15,000 regular troops deployed. By late 1963, the number was increased to 36,000; and in late 1964, the number rose to 50,000 Egyptian troops in Yemen. Late 1965 represented the high-water mark of Egyptian troop commitment in Yemen at 55,000 troops, which were broken into 13 infantry regiments of one artillery division, one tank division and several Special Forces as well as airborne regiments. All the Egyptian field commanders complained of a total lack of topographical maps causing a real problem in the first months of the war.

Six-Day War

Before the June 1967 War, the army divided its personnel into four regional commands (Suez, Sinai, Nile Delta, and Nile Valley up to the Sudan). The remainder of Egypt's territory, over 75%, was the sole responsibility of the Frontier Corps.

In May 1967, Nasser closed the Straits of Tiran to passage of Israeli ships. On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel". Israel considered the closure of the Straits of Tiran a casus belli. The Egyptian army then comprised two armoured and five infantry divisions, all deployed in the Sinai.

In the weeks before the Six-Day War began, Egypt made several significant changes to its military organisation. Field Marshal Amer created a new command interposed between the general staff and the Eastern Military District commander, Lieutenant General Salah ad-Din Muhsin. This new Sinai Front Command was placed under General Abdel Mohsin Murtagi, who had returned from Yemen in May 1967. Six of the seven divisions in the Sinai (with the exception of the 20th Infantry 'Palestinian' Division) had their commanders and chiefs of staff replaced. What fragmentary information is available suggests to authors such as Pollack that Amer was trying to improve the competence of the force, replacing political appointees with veterans of the Yemen war.

After the war began on 5 June 1967, Israel attacked Egypt and occupied the Sinai Peninsula. The forward-deployed Egyptian forces were shattered in three places by the attacking Israelis, and a retreat to the mountain passes fifty miles east of the canal was ordered. This developed into a rout as the Israelis harried the retreating troops from the ground and from the air.

Presidents Sadat and Mubarak

After the 1967 debacle, the army was reorganised into two field armies, the Second Army and the Third Army, both of which were stationed in the eastern part of the country.

The October War of 1973 began with a massive and successful Egyptian crossing of the Suez Canal. After crossing the cease-fire lines, Egyptian forces advanced virtually unopposed into the Sinai Peninsula. The Syrians coordinated their attack on the Golan Heights to coincide with the Egyptian offensive and initially made threatening gains into Israeli-held territory. As Egyptian president Anwar Sadat began to worry about Syria's fortunes, he believed that capturing two strategic mountain passes located deeper in the Sinai would make his position stronger during the negotiations. He therefore ordered the Egyptians to go back on the offensive, but the attack was quickly repulsed. The Israelis then counterattacked at the juncture of the Second and Third Armies, crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt, and began slowly advancing southward and westward in over a week of heavy fighting which inflicted heavy casualties on both sides.

On October 22 a United Nations-brokered ceasefire quickly unraveled, with each side blaming the other for the breach. By October 24, the Israelis had improved their positions considerably and completed their encirclement of Egypt's Third Army and the city of Suez. This development led to tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a result, a second ceasefire was imposed cooperatively on October 25 to end the war. At the conclusion of hostilities, Israeli forces were just  from Damascus and  from Cairo.

Egypt claimed victory in the Yom Kippur War because its military objective of capturing a foothold of Sinai was achieved. The army had an estimated strength of 320,000 in 1989. About 180,000 of these were conscripts. Beyond the Second Army and Third Army in the east, most of the remaining troops were stationed in the Nile Delta region, around the upper Nile, and along the Libyan border. These troops were organized into eight military districts. Commando and airborne units were stationed near Cairo under central control but could be transferred quickly to one of the field armies if needed. District commanders, who generally held the rank of major general, maintained liaison with governors and other civil authorities on matters of domestic security.

After 1967 the army fought in the 1969–1970 War of Attrition, the 1973 October War, and the 1977 Libyan-Egyptian War.

Decision making in the army continued to be highly centralized during the 1980s. Officers below brigade level rarely made tactical decisions and required the approval of higher-ranking authorities before they modified any operations. Senior army officers were aware of this situation and began taking steps to encourage initiative at the lower levels of command. A shortage of well-trained enlisted personnel became a serious problem for the army as it adopted increasingly complex weapons systems. Observers estimated in 1986 that 75 percent of all conscripts were illiterate when they entered the military.

1990s and after

Since the 1980s the army has built closer and closer ties with the United States, as evidenced in the bi-annual Operation Bright Star exercises. This cooperation eased integration of the Egyptian Army into the Gulf War coalition of 1990–91, during which the Egyptian II Corps under Major General Salah Halabi, with 3rd Mechanized Division and 4th Armoured Division, fought as part of the Arab Joint Forces Command North.

The Army conducted Exercise Badr '96 in 1996 in the Sinai. The virtual enemy during the exercise was Israel. Egypt conducted several Badr exercises again in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014. The exercises in the Sinai were part of a larger exercise that involved 35,000 men in total.

Up until the end of the Cold War, Egyptian military participation in UN peacekeeping operations had been restricted to a battalion with ONUC in the Congo. The Egyptians appear to have arrived by September 1960, but left by early 1961 after a dispute about the UN's role. But after 1991, many more United Nations Military Observers and troops were dispatched, alongside police in some cases. Military observers served in Western Sahara (MINURSO), Angola (UNAVEM II), the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Mozambique, Georgia, Macedonia, Eastern Slavonia, UNMOP (Prevlaka), and Sierra Leone. UN official sources say Egypt participated in UNCRO, but Berman and Sams, citing official Egyptian sources at the Egyptian Delegation to the United Nations, say this is incorrect. Troops were dispatched to UNPROFOR (a battalion of 410 men), UNOSOM II in Somalia, the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) (328 troops in June 1999), and MONUC (15 troops in 2004). The Egyptian contribution in the Congo expanded significantly after 2004; in 2013, an Egyptian battalion was part of the mission, with at least a company stationed at the Kavumu airfield in South Kivu.

Today conscripts without a college degree serve three years as enlisted soldiers. Conscripts with a General Secondary School degree serve two years as enlisted soldiers. Conscripts with a college degree serve 14 months as enlisted or 27 months as a reserve officer.

On 31 January 2011, during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, Israeli media reported that the 9th, 2nd, and 7th Divisions of the Army had been ordered into Cairo to help restore order.

Medical
The nation’s armed forces operate some twenty hospital facilities across Egypt. Many of these centers accept civilian patients. Cairo’s Bridge Military Hospital (opened 2011; new additions planned through 2019), is part of an ongoing effort by the Egyptian Army to offer cutting-edge treatment and patient care. The facility has 840 beds spread between major surgery, respiratory disease, and emergency units. Smaller specialized centers in dental, cardiac, and ophthalmological care account for an additional 205 beds.

Egypt’s Military Medical Academy was founded in 1979 with the purpose of educating and training medical officers in all branches of Egypt’s armed forces. The facility is located on Ihsan Abdul Quddus Street in Cairo. It is associated with the Armed Forces Medical College, founded in 1827. This was the Middle East’s first modern school of medicine and was a product of Egypt’s newly established Military Department of Health during the administration of Muhammad Ali Pasha.

It was reported at a press conference in February 2014 by Egyptian Gen. Ibrahim Abdel-Atti, chief of the medical branch, that the Egyptian Army has "defeated AIDS... with a rate of 100%" as well as hepatitis C. Abdel-Atti claimed to construct a method to extract the disease and break it into amino acids, "so that the virus becomes nutrition for the body instead of disease." It is said that this treatment process could take anywhere between 20 days and 6 months to cure having no side effects. Egypt intends to delay exporting their new technology to generate medical tourism into the country. The claims were eventually confirmed to be false.

Structure
The Egyptian Military Operations Authority, governed by the Ministry of Defense, is headquartered in Cairo. The Egyptian Armed Forces' Chief of Staff's office is in Cairo. He is the Chief of Staff of the Army, as well as the Navy and Air Forces, although the latter two typically report to the Ministry of Defense. Three command-and-control headquarters and nine command-and-control field headquarters are directed from the Chief of Staff's office.

HQ, Central Military High Command: Heliopolis, Cairo

 HQ, Central Military Region: Greater Cairo
 Field HQ, Heliopolis, Central Military Region
 Field HQ, El Qanater, Central Military Region
 Sub-Field HQ, Tanta, Central Military Region
 Sub-Field HQ, Zagazig, Central Military Region
 Field HQ, Qom Ushim, El Fayum, Central Military Region
 Field HQ, Beni Suef, Central Military Region

HQ, Northern Military Region: Alexandria
 Field HQ, Alexandria, Northern Military Region
 Sub-Field HQ, Abou Qir, Northern Military Region
 Sub-Field HQ, Mariout, Northern Military Region
 Field HQ, Rashid, Northern Military Region
 Field HQ, Damietta, Northern Military Region

HQ, Eastern Military Region: El Suez
 Field HQ, Port Said, Northern Suez Canal Military Region
 Field HQ, Ismaelia, Central Suez Canal Military Region
 Field HQ, El Mansoura, El Daqahliya, Eastern Delta Military Region
 Field HQ, El Suez, Southern Suez Canal Military Region
 Field HQ, Cairo-Suez Highway Military Region
 Field HQ, Hurghada, Red Sea Military Region

HQ, Western Military Region: Mersa Matruh
 Field HQ, Sidi Barrani, Western Military Region
 Field HQ, Marsa Matrouh, Western Military Region
 Field HQ, Salloum, Western Military Region

HQ, Southern Military Region: Assiut
 Field HQ, El Menia, Southern Military Region
 Field HQ, Qena, Southern Military Region
 Field HQ, Sohag, Southern Military Region
 Field HQ, Aswan, Southern Military Region

Ranks and insignia

Commissioned officers

Enlisted

Uniform

The Egyptian Army utilizes a British style ceremonial outfit, with desert camouflage implemented in 2012. Identification between the different branches of the Egyptian Army depended on the insignia on the upper left shoulder of the uniform, and also the color of the beret. The Airborne, Thunderbolt, and Republican Guard units each utilize their own camouflaged uniforms.

Camouflage Suit

Berets

Weapons inventory

Egypt's varied army weapons inventory complicates logistical support for the army. National policy since the 1970s has included the creation of a domestic arms industry (including the Arab Organization for Industrialization) capable of indigenous maintenance and upgrades to existing equipment, with the ultimate aim of Egyptian production of major ground systems. This target was finally met with the commencement of M-1 Abrams production in 1992. (Egypt had received permission to build an M-1 factory in 1984.) Prior to this, large acquisitions had included nearly 700 M-60A1 main battle tanks from the US from March 1990, as well as nearly 500 Hellfire anti-tank guided missiles.

See also
 Egyptian Military museum
 List of Battles of Egypt
 Central Security Forces
 List of countries by number of active troops

Notes

References

Further reading
 Steve Rothwell, Military Ally or Liability, The Egyptian Army 1936-42, accessed February 2009

Egypt
Category:Military of Egypt


Suzanne Cloutier

Suzanne Cloutier (July 10, 1923 – December 2, 2003) was a Canadian film actress.

Biography
She was born in Ottawa, Ontario. In 1952 she appeared in the film Derby Day as a maid who wins a trip to The Derby in the company of a famous film star. She appeared as Desdemona in Orson Welles's 1951 film adaptation of Othello.

Marriage
In 1953, she met Peter Ustinov. They married in 1954 and had three children, Andrea, Igor and Pavla, before divorcing in 1971.

Death
She died of liver cancer in 2003, aged 80.

Filmography

References

External links

Category:1927 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:20th-century Canadian actresses
Category:Actresses from Ottawa
Category:Canadian film actresses
Category:Deaths from cancer in Quebec
Category:Deaths from liver cancer
Category:Ustinov family


Charles Barker (legislator)

Charles Barker was a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1901 through 1903 sessions. A native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Barker represented the 12th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

References

External links
The Political Graveyard

Category:Politicians from Milwaukee
Category:Wisconsin Republicans
Category:Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing


South Korea at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships

South Korea competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China between July 16 and 31, 2011.

Medalists

Swimming

South Korea qualified 18 swimmers.

Men

Women

Synchronised swimming

South Korea has qualified 2 athletes in synchronised swimming.

Women

References

Category:2011 in South Korean sport
Category:Nations at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships
Category:South Korea at the World Aquatics Championships


Raptors Basketball Academy

Raptors Basketball Academy, better known as Raptors, is a Nigerian basketball team based in Lagos. It plays in the Nigerian Premier League.

In November 2019, Raptors reached the final of the 2019 NBBF President Cup after beating Niger Potters in the semifinals. In the final, the team lost to Rivers Hoopers.

Honours
Nigerian Premier League
Runners-up: 2019

References

External links
Facebook page
Twitter profile
Category:Basketball teams in Nigeria
Category:Sport in Lagos


William Franklin (Assistant Bishop of Peterborough)

William Alfred Franklin (16 July 191611 February 1998) was a British Anglican bishop who served as Bishop of Colombia (in the Episcopal Church, USA, 1972–1978) and as full-time Assistant Bishop of Peterborough (in the Church of England, 1978–1986).

Early life and family
William Alfred Franklin was born on 16 July 1916, the son of George Amos Franklin and Mary Anne Catherine Franklin. He was schooled in London and trained for the ministry at Kelham Theological College. He married Winifred Agnes Jarvis in 1945; they went on to have one son and one daughter.

Ministry

London
He was ordained in the Church of England: made a deacon on Trinity Sunday 1940 (19 May) and ordained a priest the Trinity Sunday following (8 June 1941), both times by Geoffrey Fisher, Bishop of London, at St Paul's Cathedral. He served his first curacy at St John on Bethnal Green, as well as a Chaplain to the Air Training Corps (ATC) and to the University Settlements; in 1943 he resigned all these posts to become curate of St John's, Palmers Green, and Chairman for Interdenominational Youth Activities (Edmonton area).

Argentina and Chile
In 1945, he migrated to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he became Assistant Chaplain at St Saviour's, Belgrano and a teacher at Green's School. He moved in 1948 to serve as Rector of Holy Trinity, Lomas de Zamora; Domestic Chaplain to Daniel Evans, Bishop in Argentina; Secretary of the Diocesan Board of Missions; and Chaplain to St Alban's College (i.e. secondary/high school), Lomas de Zamora. Relocating to Chile in 1958, he served as Rector, Canon and Sub-Dean of St Andrew's Cathedral, Santiago (Anglican Diocese of Chile); Chaplain to the Grange School and Founder and Chairman of the Ecumenical Group in Chile. In 1964, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

Colombia
The next year, Franklin migrated to Colombia, as Rector of St Alban's, Bogotá, and (from 1966) Archdeacon of the diocese. At the 1971 diocesan convention in Cali, he was elected to become diocesan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Colombia; he was consecrated the following year. At the time of his election, the diocese's churchgoers were mostly Anglophones, but by the time of his resignation in 1978, native Colombians formed the majority. He was one of several Anglophone bishops around the time to resign his See so that a native might be elected. He was the Founder and Editor of "Revista Anglicana", the official magazine of Arensa, the Association of Anglican Dioceses in the North of South America.

Return to England
He returned to England and took up the post of full-time Assistant Bishop of Peterborough (and an honorary canon of the Cathedral) until his retirement in 1986. Among his duties as Assistant Bishop, he was Chairman of the diocesan Missionary Council and had pastoral care of retired clergy and their widows; he lived in Great Billing and developed Parkinson's. He was made canon emeritus of that cathedral on retirement, and he became an honorary assistant bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury, 1987–1992, where he had retired to Walmer.

References

Category:Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Category:Diocese of Peterborough
Category:1998 deaths
Category:20th-century Anglican bishops
Category:1916 births


Music Millennium

Music Millennium is an independent record store located in Portland, Oregon.  Its founding in 1969 has led it to claim it is the oldest continually-existing record store in the Pacific Northwest.  It is considered a Portland icon and a "national leader in the music-selling industry".

History
The business at one time had three stores: one at the original eastside location (opened on March 15, 1969), a store in Northwest Portland, and a classical music-only store located next door to the main eastside location.  The classical-music-only store, known as Classical Millennium, opened in 1977.

The northwest location, which closed in September 2007,  was known for being a pioneer in in-store performances, which started in 1989 as part of the business's 20th anniversary celebration and were so popular that they were made a regular feature. Among the many musicians the store hosted were Randy Newman in March 1989, as well as Richard Thompson, Brandi Carlile, Everclear (in 1997), The Shins, Elliott Smith (in September 1998), and Weezer.  Notably, the northwest location saw a slew of in-store performances under the management of Fred Seegmuller, who had spent many years cultivating connections within the local music scene.

In 2009, Music Millennium was given the ninth spot in Spin magazine's list of the 15 best independent record stores in the country.

It hosts an annual Customer Appreciation BBQ, in recent years typically attended by around 1500 customers, with food, live music, and prizes determined by the "Giant Wheel of Wonder."

Music Millennium is a member of the Coalition of Independent Music Stores (CIMS).

References

External links

 , including a list of scheduled in-store performances
 Store profile (in PDF format) from the CIMS website
 "Music Millennium Spins Portland's Family Album", Portland Tribune, November 15, 2012.
 1999 Interview with owner Terry Currier from Willamette Week

Category:1969 establishments in Oregon
Category:Companies based in Portland, Oregon
Category:Music retailers of the United States
Category:Privately held companies based in Oregon
Category:Retail companies established in 1969


The Corrupting Sea

The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History is a book written by Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell and published in 2000.

References

Category:2000 non-fiction books
Category:History books
Category:History of the Mediterranean


Enzo Cesario

Enzo Bruno Cesario Farias (born August 30, 1980 in Villa Alemana) is a male professional track and road racing cyclist from Chile. He won two gold medals for his native country at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Career

2000
3rd in Prologue Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Vitacura (CHI)
3rd in Stage 3 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, El Tabo (CHI)
1st in Stage 6 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Penco (CHI)
2001
  in Pan American Championships, Track, 1 km, Medellin (COL)
2003
2nd in Prologue Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Concepcion (CHI)
3rd in Stage 8 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Limache (CHI)
3rd in Stage 10 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Circuito Vitacura (CHI)
  in Pan American Games, Track, Team Pursuit, Santo Domingo (DOM)
2004
  in Pan American Championships, Track, Team Pursuit, San Carlos Tinaquillo
2nd in Stage 2 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Chillán (CHI)
1st in Stage 4 part a Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Curepto (CHI)
2005
2nd in Stage 4 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Algarrobo (CHI)
1st in Stage 5 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Villa Alemana (CHI)
  in Pan American Championships, Track, Team Pursuit, Mar del Plata (ARG)
alongside Marco Arriagada, Gonzalo Miranda, and Luis Fernando Sepúlveda
  in Pan American Championships, Track, Madison, Mar del Plata (ARG)
1st in Stage 10 Vuelta a Costa Rica, Guapiles (CRC)
2006
3rd in Stage 10 Vuelta Ciclista Lider al Sur, Circuito Santiago (CHI)
2nd in Stage 3 Vuelta Ciclista Por Un Chile Lider, San Esteban (CHI)
2nd in Stage 4 part b Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Patrimonio de la Humanidad (CHI)
1st in Stage 7 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Pichilemu (CHI)
3rd in Stage 8 part b Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Curicó circuit (CHI)
2nd in Stage 10 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Circuito Santiago (CHI)
1st in Sprints and Mountains Classification Vuelta Ciclista de Chile, Circuito Santiago (CHI)
 in Pan American Championships, Track, Team Pursuit, Sao Paulo (BRA)
2007
  in Pan American Games, Track, Individual Pursuit, Rio de Janeiro (BRA)
  in Pan American Games, Track, Team Pursuit, Rio de Janeiro (BRA)
alongside Marco Arriagada, Gonzalo Miranda, and Luis Fernando Sepúlveda

References

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chilean male cyclists
Category:Chilean track cyclists
Category:Cyclists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Category:Cyclists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Category:Cyclists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Category:Vuelta Ciclista de Chile stage winners
Category:People from Marga Marga Province
Category:Pan American Games competitors for Chile
Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for Chile
Category:Pan American Games medalists in cycling


Scorpion scandal

The Scorpion scandal (1809) was a smuggling, criminal and political scandal that caused the downfall of the Spanish Royal Governor of Chile, and hastened the Independence movement in that country.

Background
During the entire colonial period, Spain maintained a very strict monopoly on international commerce with its American Empire. In 1808, the British whaling ship Scorpion, under the command of Captain Tristan Bunker, arrived at the Chilean coast with the stated purpose of whaling. The real purpose of the trip was to smuggle into the colony a very valuable consignment of British cloth that the ship was carrying in its hull. To this purpose, Captain Bunker contacted Henry Faulkner, an American medical doctor then living in the city of Quillota.

The Scorpion was just one of many ships trading contraband English fabrics on the Pacific coast. In 1807 the British Government, at the urging of the parliamentarian William Jacob, had modified the monopoly of the South Sea Company so that vessels were permitted to enter the Pacific Ocean via Cape Horn. This incentive had been created as part of Britain's goal of challenging Spain's dominance of Central and South America. The short but failed invasion of the Rio de Plata in 1806-1807 had encouraged this approach.

Captain Bunker, though commanding a British merchant sailing ship, was a North American, born and raised on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Many Nantucket whaling families had relocated to Britain in the 1790s at the urging of the English government and William Rotch to establish a whale oil industry. Pacific Ocean whaling was then known as the Southern Fishery.

Faulkner and Bunker reached an agreement, and the captain was to deliver the goods at the Topocalma Hacienda that was owned by one José Fuenzalida. The agreed price was 80,000 pesos of the time, a small fortune. Don Francisco Antonio de la Carrera, Royal Delegate of Colchagua, with jurisdiction over Topocalma, got wind of the scheme and decided to intervene.

Fuenzalida, De la Carrera and Faulkner conspired together and decided to hijack the cargo. To achieve their plans they needed enough force to strongarm Captain Bunker and his crew. To that purpose, they contacted Royal Governor Francisco Antonio García Carrasco. The Governor and his secretary, Juan Martínez de Rozas, agreed to provide a squadron of Dragones (police) in exchange for 85% of the profits, and of course without notification to the Royal Customs Office.

On September 25, 1808, at Topocalma Bay, three conspirators (the butler of the Marquis of Larraín, the representative of De la Carrera and Dr. Faulkner) boarded the Scorpion to finalize the deal. The payment was to be made in copper ingots. While the representatives held their talks with the captain, the copper was loaded by Dragones disguised as porters.

After the copper was loaded, the captain and eight of his sailors were invited to a banquet on shore, at the hacienda houses. During the meal, after a prearranged signal, Captain Bunker and his sailors were shot and murdered. Then the Dragones boarded and proceeded to take over the frigate and its cargo.

Aftermath and importance
The facts came to light very quickly afterwards, and caused a very violent reaction. The populace tried to lynch all the participants, who were miraculously saved by being arrested and put under permanent armed guard.  In Santiago all the anger was directed against Governor García Carrasco and his secretary Martínez de Rozas; both men in a very short time accumulated a large number of legal suits against them, while public riots erupted. Martínez de Rozas had to resign and hide in Concepción.

The subsequent investigation destroyed what little authority the governor had left, and less than a year later required his surrender of the post to Mateo de Toro Zambrano, giving way to the first Chilean attempt at self-government.

The events that the Scorpion participated in took many decades to resolve. The English firm of Hullett successfully sued the King of Spain for financial losses. The case was finally resolved in the Privy Council in the 1830s.

See also
Chilean political scandals
Economic history of Chile

External links
Basic Reference

Category:History of Chile
Category:Political scandals in Chile
Category:1809 in Chile
Category:1809 in politics


Profit in Peace

"Profit in Peace" is a rock song by Ocean Colour Scene (OCS).

The song was released in 1999 and reached number 13 in the UK Singles Chart.  It is taken from their 1999 album One From The Modern and was the first single to be released from the album.

The song title came from a phrase drummer Oscar Harrison often used, "There's no profit in Peace".  Simon Fowler then took that title and wrote the song about the war at the current time and the message is saying because there is no profit in peace - war will not stop.

Track listing
CD & 7" Vinyl
 "Profit in Peace"
 "If You Get Your Way"
 "Flood Tide Rising"

External links

Category:Ocean Colour Scene songs
Category:1999 singles
Category:Anti-war songs
Category:1999 songs
Category:Song recordings produced by Brendan Lynch (music producer)
Category:Island Records singles


Theretra turneri

Theretra turneri is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is known from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 60 mm. Adults have light brown forewings with a number of dark brown markings. They have plain brown hindwings.

References

Category:Theretra
Category:Moths described in 1891


Uniikki

Dan Ahti Tolppanen (born June 11, 1981) is a Finnish rapper, better known by his stage name Uniikki (meaning unique). He is co-founder in 1998 of Rähinä Records with Elastinen, Iso H, Andu and Tasis.

Uniikki was born to an Jewish mother and Finnish father. He is a nephew of Finnish politician Ben Zyskowicz. He grew up in Malminkartano, Helsinki. Uniikki gained fame through membership in Finnish band Kapasiteettiyksikkö. For some recordings, he appeared in Rähinä (effectively a duo effort of Elastinen & Uniikki). He works as a solo act, and signed to his own Rähinä Records, but also has a great number of collaborations.

Discography

Albums

Mixtapes
2008: Nuor Tolppanen vol. 1
2011: 8190 (mixtape with MG:n)
2012: Nuor Tolppanen vol. 2

Singles
Charting

Others
2005: "En pyydä muuta" (with Illi)
2009: "Myrskyn silmäs" (with Mia)
2009: "Niinku elokuvis" (with Jimi Pääkallo)
2011: "Suurempaa" (with Mia)
2011: "Kesäbaustaa"
2011: "Kunnon mestaan vetää" (with Elastinen & Spekti)
2011: "Ulkopuolelle" (with Tasis)
2012: "Paita pois"
2012: (FIN #16)
Promotional singles
2008: "Vaik mitä tekis"
2008: "Sä et enää rakasta mua"
2009: "Tehdään tää näin" (with Wörlin & RZY)
As Rähinä - Elastinen & Uniikki

Featured in

References

External links
Uniikki Myspace
Uniikki Facebook
Uniikki Rähinä Recordspage

Category:Finnish hip hop musicians
Category:Jewish rappers
Category:Finnish Jews
Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Jewish hip hop record producers
Category:Finnish hip hop record producers


Shinrone GAA

Shinrone GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Shinrone, County Offaly, Ireland. The club is almost exclusively concerned with the game of hurling. The club participates in competitions organized by Offaly GAA.

History

Achievements
 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship Runners-Up 1960
 Offaly Intermediate Hurling Championship Winners 1932, 1957, 1991
 Offaly Junior A Hurling Championship Winners 1919, 1924, 1951, 1968, 1976, 2003, 2009, 2012
 Offaly Minor A Hurling Championship (3) 1951, 1959, 2013
 Offaly Under-21 A Hurling Championship 1960-61, 1977 (St Mary’s) 1978, 2013, 2014
 Offaly Under-16 A Hurling Championship (4) 1936, 1954, 2008, 2017
 Community Games All Ireland Gold 2012
 Offaly Under-14 A Hurling Championship 1993, 2004, 2010, 2014, 2015
 Offaly Under-12 A Hurling Championship 1991, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2007

Notable players
 Brendan Keeshan
 Seán O'Meara

References

External links

Category:Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in County Offaly
Category:Hurling clubs in County Offaly


Florilegus condignus

Florilegus condignus is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America.

References

Further reading

External links

Category:Apinae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Insects described in 1878


CS Concordia Chiajna

Clubul Sportiv Concordia Chiajna, commonly known as Concordia Chiajna, is a Romanian professional football club founded in 1957 and based in Chiajna, Ilfov County. The team currently plays in the Liga II, the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

History
Concordia had struggled its entire existence in the lower leagues of Romania, when in 2007 they earned promotion to the Liga II for the first time.

They finished in second place in the 2010–11 Liga II season, behind Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț, being promoted for the first time in history to the Liga I.

In the first half of their debut season in Liga I, Concordia failed to impress, and never left the relegation places. In the mid-season, Laurențiu Reghecampf was brought as manager, and he changed almost the entire squad, bringing 17 new players. Little by little, the team started to win, among its victims being bigger names like Oțelul Galaţi, Rapid and the future champions CFR Cluj. As a result, the club climbed outside the relegation zone and finished the season in the first half of the table (ninth place). Because of this impressive results, after the season, Reghecampf was named manager at Steaua București. His place at Concordia was taken by Ilie Stan. Under his spell, Concordia maintained its place in the upper half of the standings for the first half of the 2012–13 season. But in the second half the team failed to find the same rhythm and after six consecutive losses, Concordia entered the battle to avoid relegation. With a total of 16 games in a row without a win, Concordia finished the season on the 15th spot, similar with a relegation to Liga II after two years in the first division. At the end of the season, Ilie Stan resigned, alongside his entire technical team. Ionuț Chirilă replaced Stan as manager of the theam. Concordia Chiajna successfully remained in the first division, playing a relegation play-off with Rapid. The play-off was played on 13 July 2013 and won by Rapid, with 2–1, after extra-time. The FRF decision was contested by Concordia at the Court of Arbitration for Sport. On 2 August, CAS decided that Concordia Chiajna should play in Liga I and Rapid is relegated to second division. The results of the matches played by Rapid with Viitorul and Vaslui were canceled.

Honours

Domestic

Leagues
Liga II
Runners-up (1): 2010–11
Liga III
Winners (1): 2006–07

Cups
Cupa Ligii
Runners-up (1): 2015–16

Players

First team squad

Other players under contract

Out on loan

Club officials

Board of directors

 Last updated: 6 June 2019
 Source:

Current technical staff

 Last updated: 6 June 2019
 Source:
 Source:

League history

Notable former players
The footballers enlisted below have had international cap(s) for their respective countries at junior and/or senior level and/or more than 75 caps for CS Concordia Chiajna.

Romania
  Cristian Bălgrădean
  Ștefan Bărboianu
  Bogdan Bucurică
  Claudiu Bumba
  Adrian Cristea
  Marian Cristescu
  Florentin Dumitru
  Liviu Ganea
  Florin Gardoș
  Sorin Ghionea
  Gabriel Giurgiu
  Ștefan Grigorie
  Ovidiu Herea
  Adrian Iencsi
  Mihai Leca

Brazil
  Wellington

Bulgaria
  Yordan Gospodinov

Burkina Faso
  Narcisse Bambara

Cape Verde
  Nivaldo

Central African Republic
  Manassé Enza-Yamissi

Congo
  Yannick Salem

Croatia
  Stjepan Babić
  Matej Bagarić

Jordan
  Tha'er Bawab

Lithuania
  Armantas Vitkauskas

Moldova
  Artur Pătraș

Nigeria
  Christian Obodo
  Michael Odibe
  Gomo Onduku

Macedonia
  Filip Timov

Ukraine
  Artem Milevskiy

Romania
  Vasile Maftei
  Petre Marin
  Cristian Melinte
  Adrian Mihalcea
  Iulian Miu
  Florin Niță
  Sorin Paraschiv
  Marius Pena
  Adrian Popa
  Andrei Prepeliță
  Florin Purece
  Tiberiu Serediuc
  Eugen Trică
  Bogdan Vintilă

Notable former managers

  Adrian Bumbescu
  Laurențiu Diniță
  Ion Dumitru
  Ion Moldovan
  Costel Orac

  Laurențiu Reghecampf
  Emil Săndoi
  Ilie Stan
  Marius Șumudică
  Cornel Țălnar

References

External links
Official website

Club profile on LPF's official website

Category:Multi-sport clubs in Romania
Category:Football clubs in Romania
Category:Football clubs in Ilfov County
Category:Chiajna
Category:Sport in Ilfov County
Category:Association football clubs established in 1957
Category:Liga I clubs
Category:Liga II clubs
Category:Liga III clubs
Category:Liga IV clubs
Category:1957 establishments in Romania


Been There, Done That (book)

Been There, Done That: Family Wisdom for Modern Times is a 2016 non-fiction book written by real life husband and wife Al Roker and Deborah Roberts.

Overview
An insight into the marriage of media personalities Al Roker and Deborah Roberts.

References

Category:2016 non-fiction books
Category:English-language books
Category:Marriage
Category:African-American literature


Blerimaj

Blerimaj is a village situated in the central plains of Albania's Western Lowlands region. It is part of Tirana County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Kavajë.

References

Category:Populated places in Kavajë
Category:Villages in Tirana County


List of highways numbered 525

The following highways are numbered 525:

United States
Florida
  Florida State Road 525
Territories
  Puerto Rico Highway 525


Azzone Visconti

Azzone Visconti (7 December 1302 – 16 August 1339) was lord of Milan from 1329 until his death. He is considered the founder of the state of Milan, which later became a duchy.

Biography
Born in Ferrara, he was the sole legitimate son of Galeazzo I Visconti and Beatrice d'Este. In 1322 he was lord of Piacenza, but in the same year, together with his father, was forced to flee. In 1325, Azzone commanded troops at the battles of Altopascio and Zappolino, both victories over the Guelphs.

In 1328, his father Galeazzo and all of the other leading members of the Visconti family were arrested under suspicion of assassinating Galeazzo's younger brother Stefano. Their territories were confiscated by the Emperor, and local families took control of many cities that had long been tied to the Viscontis. Milan itself was ruled by a new Imperial appointee and a council that was hostile to the Viscontis. Therefore, when Galeazzo died later that year, Visconti power was at a low point.

Azzone immediately became involved in a struggle with his uncle Marco for control of Milan.
In 1329, with the support of another uncle, Giovanni, he bought the title of imperial vicar of Milan from the emperor Louis IV for 60,000 (or 125,000) florins. (At the same time, Giovanni was appointed to several high offices by Nicholas V, the Imperial antipope.) Azzone paid only 12,000 of the promised florins, the feeble Louis being unable to force the payment. In the same years, Marco was killed and Azzone was named as one of the assassins, but he was never condemned.

This maneuver drew the ire of Pope John XXII, who excommunicated Azzone, placed the city of Milan under interdict, and threatened an invasion by his French allies. Under this pressure, Azzone was forced to submit to the Pope and renounce his Imperial vicariate, although he did retain political power within Milan, and on 15 March 1330 he was appointed perpetual lord of Milan.

In 1331, he married Caterina di Savoia, daughter of Louis II of Vaud. That same year, Charles of Bohemia, the son of King John of Bohemia and future emperor as Charles IV, was nearly poisoned to death at a banquet in Pavia. Azzone was again suspected. In the August of the same year he allied with Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat, against King Robert of Anjou, in order to capture his possessions in north-western Italy. In 1332 he also conquered Bergamo and Pizzighettone, continuing in 1335 with Lodi, Crema and other Lombardy lands who had ceded themselves to the Papal States, as well as Vercelli and Cremona.

Lodrisio Visconti, who had escaped, set a company of mercenary troops with the help of the Scaligers of Verona, who sought vengeance for Azzone's support to Venice during the war with Verona. The latter was however defeated by the Milanese troops in the battle of Parabiago, to which Azzone, suffering of gout, did not partake. Lodrisio was imprisoned in the castle of San Colombano al Lambro.

He died in 1339 of a gout attack, and was buried in the church of San Gottardo, which he had commissioned some years before. He had no male heirs (having had only a daughter, Luchina) and was succeeded as lord of Milan by Giovanni and another uncle, Luchino. Besides his political and military career, he is remembered for his great construction works in Milan and other cities of Lombardy.

References

Category:1302 births
Category:1339 deaths
Category:People from Ferrara
Azzone
Category:Rulers of Milan
Category:Condottieri
Category:Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
Category:14th-century Italian people
Category:Italian Roman Catholics


1977 Christchurch mayoral election

The 1977 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1977, election were held for the Mayor of Christchurch plus other local government positions. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Background
Sitting mayor Hamish Hay was re-elected for a second term, defeating Labour Party challenger Alex Clark. Despite retaining the mayoralty the Citizens' Association lost ground on the city council however, resulting in the composition of the council at ten seats to nine in favour of the Labour Party.

Results
The following table gives the election results:

Ward results
Candidates were also elected from wards to the Christchurch City Council.

References

Category:Mayoral elections in Christchurch
Category:1977 elections in New Zealand
Category:Politics of Christchurch
Category:October 1977 events in Oceania
Category:1970s in Christchurch


Benin altars to the hand

Ikegobo, the Edo term for "altars to the Hand," are a type of cylindrical sculpture from the Benin Empire. Used as a cultural marker of an individual's accomplishments, Ikegobo are dedicated to the hand, from which the people of Benin considered the will for wealth and success to originate. These commemorative objects are made of wood or brass with figures carved in relief around their sides.

Ikegobo, like the royal ancestral altars, are settings for spectacular examples of Benin art.

The cult of the Hand in Nigeria
The cult of the Hand is based on the belief that a man's right hand or arm embodies his capacity for accomplishment. The cult focuses on a man's skill with tools, his economic effectiveness, and his ability to win physical contests. The Hand will also protect him and his household from attacks by malevolent spirits or human enemies.

In Benin culture, the hand is worshiped primarily by those who have already achieved outstanding success or wealth.

The Benin kings and chiefs have worshiped the hand since the time of Oba Ewuare, the fifteenth-century warrior king. The wars of expansion that Ewuare waged and won not only gave him the impetus to become a devotee of the hand, but may have also exposed him to other areas of southern Nigeria where hand worship was practiced.

Design and materials
Wooden altars to the hand are owned by Benin chiefs. The Oba, queen mother, and certain other privileged chiefs have the right to own cast brass ikegobo.

The cylindrical form refers to a type of round, legless stool commonly used by the Edo in the past. The altar is placed on an altar stand, a semicircular platform whose straight edge is extended at both sides, which is carved on its top and sides with figures and other motifs in relief. A wooden spoke at the top of the altar supports an ivory tusk.

Altars were placed in the second public room of the house of traditional chiefs, on top of a polished and whitened mud platform.

References

External links
Royal Art of Benin: The Perls Collection, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Benin altars to the hand.

Category:Hand
Category:African art
Category:Benin art


1994 Peters NSW Open – Women's Doubles

Pam Shriver and Elizabeth Smylie were the defending champions but did not compete that year.

Patty Fendick and Meredith McGrath won in the final 6–2, 6–3 against Jana Novotná and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario.

Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.

 Jana Novotná /  Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (Final)
n/a
 Conchita Martínez /  Rennae Stubbs (Quarterfinals)
 Zina Garrison-Jackson /  Mary Joe Fernández (Quarterfinals)

Draw

External links
 1994 Peters NSW Open Women's Doubles Draw

Women's Doubles
Doubles


Tanana Chiefs Conference

Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC), the traditional tribal consortium of the 42 villages of Interior Alaska, is based on a belief in tribal self-determination and the need for regional Native unity. TCC is a non-profit organization that works toward meeting the needs and challenges for more than 10,000 Alaska Natives (mostly Alaskan Athabaskans) in Interior Alaska.

Organizational structure
The Tanana Chiefs Conference is a non-profit organization with a membership of Native governments from 42 Interior Alaska communities. The full Board of Directors are 42 representatives selected by the village councils of member communities. The board meets each March in Fairbanks.

The nine-member Executive Board is elected by the Board of Directors. The president of the Board of Directors is elected by the full board and serves as the chief executive officer of the corporation. Programs funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Department of Labor and the Alaska Native Health Services are available to tribal governments, and eligible Alaska Native and American Indians. Services financed by the state of Alaska are provided for all residents of the region.

In 2006 Tanana Chiefs Conference had almost seven hundred full-time employees and numerous part-time and seasonal positions. About two-thirds of the staff members work in village positions, and about two-thirds of the employees are Alaska Native.

History

The history of the Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC) reflects the importance of balancing the traditional Native values with the modern demands facing us as indigenous peoples. TCC works toward meeting the health and social service challenges for more than 10,000 Alaska Natives spread across a region of  in Interior Alaska.

TCC's movement into the modern era began with the advancement of non-Natives into the Interior. Tribal leaders strengthened their loose confederation to protect traditional rights.

The first land dispute came in 1915 when the chiefs organized to protect a burial ground in Nenana from the Alaska Railroad. As a result, the railroad avoided the cemetery. Conflicts became an increasing problem; the threat of loss of Native land grew after statehood in 1959.

The Alaska Statehood Act recognized Native land rights, yet the state administration began planning as though it did not. It had two plans that were of particular concern. One was to build a road to the Minto Lakes area northwest of Fairbanks and the Rampart Dam project. That project and another ill-conceived idea - creating a harbor at Point Hope on the Northwest coast with nuclear blast - contributed substantially to the rise of the land claims movement. A remarkable array of young, educated Native leaders began pushing the land claims toward a suitable outcome.

One of the first was Al Ketzler, Sr., of Nenana. He helped organize a meeting of 32 villages at Tanana in June 1962. Out of this meeting the Tanana Chiefs Conference was incorporated.

Acting as the conference's first president, Ketzler contacted national Indian organizations and met with the Alaska Native Brotherhood, an organization formed in Sitka by Tlingits and Haidas of southeastern Alaska in the early part of the 20th century. He also met with the Barrow-based Inupiat Paitot, the forerunner of the Arctic Slope Native Association, and with the Association of Village Council Presidents in the Lower Kuskokwim area. In 1963, Ketzler flew to Washington, D.C., to present a petition from 24 villages asking Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall to freeze state land selections until the Native land claims were settled. Ketzler left TCC from 1964 until 1969 to go back to Nenana, but other young leaders - Ralph Purdue, John Sackett and Tim Wallis - took over. In October 1966, TCC met in Anchorage with other Native leaders from around the state, including the active and vocal delegations from ANB and ASNA, and formed the Alaska Federation of Natives.

In 1968, Alaska Natives were ready when oil was discovered on the North Slope. The first land settlement bill had been introduced in the United States Congress, and claims had been registered for most of the land in question. Secretary Udall, acting on Ketzler's petition, had frozen the status of land titles in the absence of a Native land claims settlement in late 1966. The land freeze sharpened the interest of the state and the oil companies to settle the land disputes. After a historic struggle in which Ketzler and dozens of other Alaska Natives lived in Washington, D.C., for weeks, Congress authorized a settlement of more than 40 million acres (160,000 km²) and nearly $1 billion to Alaska Natives through a corporate structure.

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of December 1971 set up 13 regional for-profit corporations for Alaska Natives - 12 in the state and one based in the Lower 48 for Alaska Natives living in the continental United States and nearly 200 village corporations. The act created the regional corporations for the management of land and financial assets, and overseeing the development of natural resources. Village corporations, representing individual Native communities, have their own natural and financial resources to maintain.

TCC incorporated Doyon Limited as the regional for-profit corporation for the specific purpose of making a profit for their stockholders. The act left a place for non-profit corporations to administer health and social service programs for the people. The Tanana Chiefs Conference became the non-profit corporation for the TCC region.

With the land claims settlement, a major goal had been accomplished. But other pressing needs remained. Under the leadership of Mitch Demientieff, a 20-year-old University of Alaska student when elected TCC president in 1973, TCC developed a regional health authority for tribal health programs. The organization acted quickly when the Indian Self Determination and Education Act of 1975 allowed it to become the responsible provider for dozens of programs in the region. Contracts with the Bureau of Indian Affairs were established to transfer the responsibility for management and delivery of services such as housing, lands management, tribal government assistance, education and employment and natural resources programs to TCC.

Contracts with the Alaska Area Native Health Service were established for Community Health Aide services, outreach services, environmental health, mental health and substance abuse services, and other programs in a gradual sequence. In the late 1970s, TCC successfully bid to receive a number of grants from the state of Alaska for delivery of health care, social services and public safety services to all residents of the interior.

In 1980, TCC moved to decentralize the operations of its programs away from Fairbanks, through the establishment of subregional offices in Fairbanks, Fort Yukon, Galena, Holy Cross, McGrath and Tok. During the 1980s, this process allowed for more local employment, attention to subregional program priorities, and better access by TCC clients to information and services.

In the mid-1980s, under the leadership of President William C. "Spud" Williams, TCC successfully assumed management of the Alaska Native Health Center in Fairbanks (renamed the Chief Andrew Isaac Health Center after the late Traditional Athabascan Chiefs from Dot Lake) and the contract health care program. In the late 1980s, other new facilities and services were developed, including the Paul Williams House, the CAIHC Counseling Center, the new TCC Dental Clinic and Eye Clinic, and several remote-site alcohol recovery camps.

Underlying all these programs are the commitments started by the Tanana Chiefs generations ago where the two rivers meet. The commitment translates into political advocacy for land rights and self-determination. It means working for a strong priority under law for the subsistence rights of rural Alaskans. And it includes support for local village governments that choose to enforce their own laws under their own authority.

Demographics
The Tanana Chiefs Conference region covers an area of , an area equal to about 37 percent of the state of Alaska, and just slightly smaller than the state of Texas. The total population of the region is 86,130, of which 10,623 are Natives. About one-half of the entire Native population resides in Fairbanks, which is the only urban area in the region.

Cities and villages
(Ordered roughly from east to west)

Upper Tanana Subregion
 Dot Lake
 Eagle
 Fairbanks
 Healy Lake
 Northway
 Tanacross
 Tetlin
 Tok

Yukon Flats Subregion
 Arctic Village
 Beaver
 Canyon Village
 Chalkyitsik
 Circle
 Fort Yukon
 Venetie

Yukon-Tanana Subregion
 Alatna
 Allakaket
 Evansville (Bettles Field)
 Hughes
 Kaktovik
 Manley Hot Springs
 Minto
 Nenana
 Rampart
 Stevens Village
 Tanana

Upper Kuskokwim Subregion
 McGrath
 Nikolai
 Takotna

Yukon-Koyukuk Subregion
 Galena
 Huslia
 Kaltag
 Koyukuk
 Nulato
 Ruby

Lower Yukon Subregion
 Anvik
 Grayling
 Holy Cross
 Shageluk

References

External links
 Tanana Chiefs Conference

Category:Alaska Native organizations
Category:Healthcare in Alaska
Category:Non-profit organizations based in Alaska


2007–08 Macedonian Second Football League

The 2007–08 Macedonian Second Football League was the sixteenth season since its establishment. It began on 4 August 2007 and ended on 1 June 2008.

Participating teams

League table

Promotion playoff

Relegation playoff

See also
2007–08 Macedonian Football Cup
2007–08 Macedonian First Football League

References

External links
Football Federation of Macedonia
MacedonianFootball.com

Macedonia 2
2
Category:Macedonian Second Football League seasons


Are You Hung Up?

"Are You Hung Up?" is the opening track on the 1968 album We're Only in It for the Money by The Mothers of Invention.

Song structure
"Are You Hung Up?" is a short montage of dialogue and musique concrète, lasting 1 minute and 24 seconds. It includes stuttering hippie vocals by Eric Clapton, "Uh, out of sight. Are, are you hung up?", engineer Gary Kellgren whispering about Frank Zappa's mighty, omniscient presence in the control room, a brief guitar lick and Jimmy Carl Black saying "Hi, boys and girls, I'm Jimmy Carl Black and I'm the Indian of the group" and then laughing. Black's statement, a catchphrase used frequently by him in concert , is also used on the song "Concentration Moon" and resurfaces on later recordings by the Mothers of Invention.

External links
Lyrics and information
[ Review on allmusic.com]

Category:Experimental rock songs
Category:Frank Zappa songs
Category:1968 songs
Category:Songs written by Frank Zappa
Category:Song recordings produced by Frank Zappa


Delavan Lake, Wisconsin

Delavan Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,649 at the 2010 census. It is located near the shore of Delavan Lake.

Geography

Delavan Lake is located at  (42.601840, -88.622456).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.0 square miles (15.5 km²), of which, 3.5 square miles (9.2 km²) of it is land and 2.4 square miles (6.3 km²) of it (40.64%) is water.

The maximum depth of Delavan Lake, which is near the CDP of Delavan Lake, is 52 feet, with seaweed growth prevalent at the lake ground floor. The lake's water clarity is on average low.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,352 people, 944 households, and 623 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 663.4 people per square mile (255.8/km²). There were 1,920 housing units at an average density of 541.6/sq mi (208.8/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.98% White, 0.34% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.80% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.50% of the population.

There were 944 households out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the CDP, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,192, and the median income for a family was $53,324. Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $22,295 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,067. About 2.4% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

References

Category:Census-designated places in Wisconsin
Category:Census-designated places in Walworth County, Wisconsin


Droids (role-playing game)

Droids is a role-playing game published by Integral Games in 1983.

Description
Droids is a science-fiction robot role-playing game. The rules cover construction of droids (i.e., character creation), combat, droid society, encounters, and scenarios. The player characters are robots trying to survive after humanity destroyed their world.

Publication history
Droids: The Cybernetic Role-Playing Game was designed by Neil Patrick Moore, and published by Integral Games in 1983 as an 80-page digest-sized book.

Reception
Tony Watson reviewed Droids in Space Gamer No. 64. Watson commented that "Droids fails as an RPG.  A role-playing game requires more than a character generation system and rules for combat. Where the booklet might have some real applicability is as a design system for robots for existing SF RPGs such as Traveller and Star Frontiers. The rules provided for designing droids and the comprehensive listings of components are very good, but as an independent role-playing game, Droids is wide of the mark."

Reviews
Different Worlds #31 (Nov., 1983)

References

Category:Role-playing games introduced in 1983
Category:Science fiction role-playing games


Messmer High School (Milwaukee)

Messmer High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.  It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee.

Messmer High School was established in 1926 as Diocesan High School. It was renamed after Archbishop Sebastian Messmer in 1928.

Notable alumni
 Ishmael "IshDarr" Ali, rapper
 Joseph P. Graw, Minnesota state representative and businessman
 Bob Heinz, former NFL football player who played for the Miami Dolphins and the Washington Redskins
 John "JJ" Johnson, NBA basketball player, First Team All-American at University of Iowa
 Ronald G. Parys, Wisconsin State Assemblyman and Senator

References

External links
 School website
 GreatSchools Inc.

Category:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee
Category:High schools in Milwaukee
Category:Catholic secondary schools in Wisconsin
Category:Educational institutions established in 1926
Category:1926 establishments in Wisconsin


Elisabeth P. Montgomery

Elisabeth P. Montgomery is an educator, author, and film producer. Her work focuses on social entrepreneurship, community economic development planning, and women's empowerment in China, the United States, and Latin America.

Education
As an educator in China, she severs as the Senior Advisor on Internationalization for the Nanshan District Education Bureau, and Foreign Vice Principal at the South China University of Science and Technology Education Group. Montgomery served as the Headmaster of Shenzhen YuCai High School International Department from 2012 to 2017. The school was a model Great Books academy that used Shared Inquiry methodology for critical thinking in Chinese public schools.    In collaboration with the Nanshan Education Bureau, she opened the Nanshan Great Books Teacher Training Center in 2014 to train educators the Shared Inquiry method and co-founded The Dragon & Eagle Dialogues, a district-wide annual program since 2010. The program in Nanshan was awarded the first district prize in Shenzhen to internationalize schools to meet 21st-century goals.  As a Senior Advisor, Montgomery developed career and Green STEAM programs in Chinese public schools, focusing on teacher training, students, and parents from grades 1 through 12.

Social Entrepreneurship
Before her work in China, during the 1970s, Montgomery worked for ten years at the Jane Addams Hull-House in Chicago, Illinois, as a Director of Youth Employment and later as Social Entrepreneurship Director at the center’s youth services division. With grants from the MacArthur Foundation, Montgomery created non-profit companies to support local businesses that were about to close and led to thousands of jobs for residents that are still open to this day. In 1986, she produced her first feature documentary called Jane Addams and the Women of Hull House for WTTW. The feature film, starring actress Ellyn Burstyn, developed the historical facts about American frontiers in social democracy, the struggles for children and women's rights, labor relations, immigrant rights, and education.

Complimenting her work in Chicago, Montgomery worked in Bogota, Colombia on cross-cultural Economic Development projects at the Fundacion Social in conjunction with Pontifical Xavierian University. She produced documentaries for university-run Cenpro Television.  One film featured the story of Padre Campoamor, a Spanish Jesuit priest who arrived in Bogota in 1911 and started schools for orphaned children. His orphans became teachers, accountants, and leaders in Bogota's Circulo de Obreros.   Following that film, she documented the survivors of one Colombia’s volcanic explosion that wiped out the mountain city of Armero.

Montgomery's early work in community economic development planning led her to San Francisco Bay Area in the 1990s.  There she worked at Hospitality House in the Tenderloin Community of San Francisco and served as the Enterprise Director, promoting city-wide adult and youth employment programs for the homeless, especially jobs in literature and arts.

In 1999, Dr. Montgomery and architect husband Dr. Eugene Tsui, and family moved to Shenzhen, China.    There, she worked for Shenzhen Manager's Training College and Shenzhen University as a cross-cultural trainer. In 2007, she founded InterLangua Software, a global language management firm that brings cross-cultural education to schools in China, the United States, and South America.

Film
 Jane Addams and the Women of Hull House for WTTW, 1986. Role: Producer.
 Nuestro Modo de Ser (Our Way of Being) documented the lives of a community of elderly women that were once orphaned girls in Colombia, South America. It aired on Cenpro Television production on April 26,1987. Role: Producer.
 Armero, Night of Ashes documented the survivors of one the volcanic explosion that wiped out the mountain city of Armero while working with the United Nations, 1987. Role: Producer.
 Presente for the Challenge of Literacy, a feature documentary advocating adult bilingual education and supported by the Illinois Secretary of State, 1988. Role: Producer.
 Rites of Passage, a feature documentary about youth offenders in the Woodlawn community documenting the lives, families, schools, and youth workers, 1988. Role: Producer.
 Employed by the Education Bureau in China, Dr. Montgomery produced a number of documentaries (2010-2017) as part of her InterLangua series. Role: Producer.
 ruth weiss, the beat goddess a feature documentary about the Beat Generation's ruth weiss, 2019. Role: Producer.

Works and publications
 Thirty Years of China’s Economic Reform: Institutions, Management Organizations and Foreign Investment: Contemporary Entrepreneurs in South China: a Discussion of Their Individual Values, Nova, 2010. ()
 Fire in the Lake : Chinese Urban Micro-Business Owner-Manager Values and Perspectives on International Development, 2019 ().

References

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people


Rugby player

Rugby player can refer to:

 A player of rugby union
 A player of rugby sevens
 A player of rugby league
 A player of rugby league sevens
 A player of rugby league nines
 A player of both codes of rugby football
 A player of wheelchair rugby

See also
:Category:Rugby union players
:Category:rugby league players
:Category:Wheelchair rugby players


Plectromerus thomasi

Plectromerus thomasi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Nearns and Branham in 2008.

References

Category:Cerambycinae
Category:Beetles described in 2008


Acacia sericocarpa

Acacia sericocarpa is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia.

The spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from August to September and produces yellow flowers.

See also
 List of Acacia species

References

sericocarpa
Category:Rosids of Western Australia


Maurice Conradi

Maurice Conradi Russian: Морис Морисович Конради (16 June 1896, in Saint Petersburg − 7 February 1947, in Chur, Switzerland), was a Russian White movement officer who fought in World War I and Civil War in Russia, and in 1923 killed Vatslav Vorovsky, a member of the Bolshevik delegation to the Lausanne conference.

Conradi was born in Saint Petersburg to a family of Swiss businessmen, owners of a chocolate factory established in 1853 by Conradi's grandfather. Upon the outbreak of World War I he joined the Russian Imperial Army with the personal permission of Nicholas II and fought on the Eastern front. During the Bolshevik Revolution most of his family was killed: his father was executed in Saint Petersburg on 26 November 1919, his brother Victor taken hostage and executed in 1918, and two further siblings disappeared during the Red Terror. After the unsuccessful campaign of the Wrangel Army he moved to Switzerland, radicalized against the Bolshevik government and planning revenge.

Murder of Vorovsky
In April 1923 Conradi attempted an assassination of Bolshevik foreign affairs commisar Georgy Chicherin while he visited Germany, but unable to find him he returned to Geneva. Finding out about the upcoming conference, he planned another assassination. Vatslav Vorovsky, Ivan Ariens and Maxim Divilkovsky were delegates of the Bolshevik government to the 1923 Conference of Lausanne. On 10 May 1923 Conradi and his companion Arkady Polunin (Аркадий Павлович Полунин) entered the restaurant of the Hotel Cecil, shooting the Bolshevik delegation. Vorovsky was killed at the scene, and Ariens and Divilkovsky were wounded but survived.

The murder was presented by the Soviet press as a conspiracy of "fascist White radicals", in spite of the fact that Vorovsky represented the Bolsheviks in Italy and after his death Benito Mussolini was one of those sending condolences. The trial of Conradi and Polunin was held in Geneva and quickly turned into a trial of the whole Bolshevik movement, with Conradi widely supported by many White émigrés and Russian activists in exile, including Ivan Bunin, Ivan Shmelyov and Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

Statements of witnesses, who volunteered to defend Conradi, described the atrocities of the Bolshevik Revolution and Red Terror and attracted the attention of worldwide media. The prosecution was represented arguments of Italian communists and Bolshevik officials, who argued how happy life in Soviet Russia became after the Revolution. Defended by Théodore Aubert, Conradi pleaded not guilty and was finally acquitted.

Further life
Conradi served in the French Foreign Legion and information about his death circulated in newspapers in 1931. He however returned safely and lived in Switzerland until he died on 7 February 1947 in Chur.

Conradi's surviving victims — Ariens and Divilkovsky — returned to the Soviet Union and held various positions in the administration. Ariens was executed in 1937 during Great Purge, while Divilkovsky died as a soldier in 1942.

See also
 The Trial of the Century — Victor Kravchenko versus French Communist weekly Les Lettres Françaises (1949)
 Boris Kowerda

References

Category:1896 births
Category:1946 deaths
Category:People from Saint Petersburg
Category:Russian anti-communists
Category:Russian people of Swiss descent
Category:Deaths by firearm in Switzerland
Category:People from Chur
Category:Russian assassins
Category:Russian emigrants to Switzerland