Vienna State Opera

The Vienna State Opera (, ) is an opera house and opera company based in Vienna, Austria. The 1,709-seat Renaissance Revival venue was the first major building on the Vienna Ring Road. It was built from 1861 to 1869 following plans by August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll, and designs by Josef Hlávka. The opera house was inaugurated as the "Vienna Court Opera" (Wiener Hofoper) in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth of Austria. It became known by its current name after the establishment of the First Austrian Republic in 1921.

The members of the Vienna Philharmonic are recruited from the Vienna State Opera's orchestra. The building is also the home of the Vienna State Ballet, and it hosts the annual Vienna Opera Ball during the carnival season.

History

History of the building

Construction
The opera house was the first major building on the Vienna Ringstrasse commissioned by the Viennese "city expansion fund". Work commenced on the house in 1861 and was completed in 1869, following plans drawn up by architects August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll. It was built in the Neo-Renaissance style by the renowned Czech architect and contractor Josef Hlávka.

The Ministry of the Interior had commissioned a number of reports into the availability of certain building materials, with the result that stones long not seen in Vienna were used, such as Wöllersdorfer Stein, for plinths and free-standing, simply-divided buttresses, the famously hard stone from Kaisersteinbruch, whose colour was more appropriate than that of Kelheimerstein, for more lushly decorated parts. The somewhat coarser-grained Kelheimerstein (also known as Solnhof Plattenstein) was intended as the main stone to be used in the building of the opera house, but the necessary quantity was not deliverable. Breitenbrunner stone was suggested as a substitute for the Kelheimer stone, and stone from Jois was used as a cheaper alternative to the Kaiserstein. The staircases were constructed from polished Kaiserstein, while most of the rest of the interior was decorated with varieties of marble.

The decision was made to use dimension stone for the exterior of the building. Due to the monumental demand for stone, stone from Sóskút, widely used in Budapest, was also used. Three Viennese masonry companies were employed to supply enough masonry labour: Eduard Hauser (still in existence today), Anton Wasserburger and Moritz Pranter. The foundation stone was laid on 20 May 1863.

Public response
The building was, however, not very popular with the public. On the one hand, it did not seem as grand as the Heinrichshof, a private residence which was destroyed in World War II (and replaced in 1955 by the Opernringhof). Moreover, because the level of Ringstraße was raised by a metre in front of the opera house after its construction had begun, the latter was likened to "a sunken treasure chest" and, in analogy to the military disaster of 1866 (the Battle of Königgrätz), was deprecatingly referred to as "the 'Königgrätz' of architecture". Eduard van der Nüll committed suicide, and barely ten weeks later Sicardsburg died from tuberculosis so neither architect saw the completion of the building. The opening premiere was Don Giovanni, by Mozart, on May 25, 1869. Emperor Franz Josef and Empress Elisabeth (Sissi) were present.

Wartime bombing and redesign

Towards the end of World War II, on March 12, 1945, the opera was set alight by an American bombardment. The front section, which had been walled off as a precaution, remained intact including the foyer, with frescoes by Moritz von Schwind, the main stairways, the vestibule and the tea room. The auditorium and stage were, however, destroyed by flames as well as almost the entire décor and props for more than 120 operas with around 150,000 costumes. The State Opera was temporarily housed at the Theater an der Wien and at the Vienna Volksoper.

Lengthy discussion took place about whether the opera house should be restored to its original state on its original site, or whether it should be completely demolished and rebuilt, either on the same location or on a different site. Eventually the decision was made to rebuild the opera house as it had been, and the main restoration experts involved were Ernst Kolb (1948–1952) and Udo Illig (1953–1956).

The Austrian Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl made the decision in 1946 to have a functioning opera house again by 1949. An architectural competition was announced, which was won by Erich Boltenstern. The submissions had ranged from a complete restructuring of the auditorium to a replica of the original design; Boltenstern decided on a design similar to the original with some modernisation in keeping with the design of the 1950s. In order to achieve a good acoustic, wood was the favoured building material, at the advice of, among others, Arturo Toscanini. In addition, the number of seats in the parterre (stalls) was reduced, and the fourth gallery, which had been fitted with columns, was restructured so as not to need columns. The façade, entrance hall and the "Schwind" foyer were restored and remain in their original style.

In the meantime, the opera company, which had at first been performing in the Volksoper, had moved rehearsals and performances to Theater an der Wien, where, on May 1, 1945, after the liberation and re-independence of Austria from the Nazis, the first performances were given. In 1947, the company went on tour to London.

Due to the appalling conditions at Theater an der Wien, the opera company leadership tried to raise significant quantities of money to speed up reconstruction of the original opera house. Many private donations were made, as well as donations of building material from the Soviets, who were very interested in the rebuilding of the opera. The mayor of Vienna had receptacles placed in many sites around Vienna for people to donate coins only. In this way, everyone in Vienna could say they had participated in the reconstruction and feel pride in considering themselves part owners.

However, in 1949, there was only a temporary roof on the Staatsoper, as construction work continued. It was not until November 5, 1955, after the Austrian State Treaty, that the Staatsoper could be reopened with a performance of Beethoven's Fidelio, conducted by Karl Böhm. The American Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, was present. The state broadcaster ORF used the occasion to make its first live broadcast, at a time when there were only c. 800 televiewers in the whole of Austria. The new auditorium had a reduced capacity of about 2,276, including 567 standing room places. The ensemble, which had remained unified until the opening, crumbled in the following years, and slowly an international ensemble formed.

History of the company after the war
In 1945, the Wiener Mozart-Ensemble was formed, which put on world-renowned guest performances and became known particularly for its singing and playing culture. The Austrian conductor Josef Krips was the founder and mentor, who had only survived the Nazi era (given his Jewish heritage) thanks to luck and help from colleagues. At the end of the war, Krips started the renovation of the Staatoper, and was able to implement his aesthetic principles, including the departure from the Romantic Mozart ideal with a voluminous orchestral sound. Instead, qualities more associated with chamber music were featured, as well as a clearer, lighter sound, which would later come to be known as "typically Viennese". Singers who worked with Krips during this time were Erich Kunz, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf and Wilma Lipp, among others.

As early as 1947, the Mozart-Ensemble was playing guest performances at the Royal Opera House in London, with Mozart's Don Giovanni. Richard Tauber, who had fled from the Nazis, sang Don Ottavio; three months later he died, and was remembered for singing with "half a lung" in order to fulfil his dream, many other artists became associated with the Mozart-Ensemble, for example Karl Böhm, but their role was still greatly peripheral, in a straightforward or assisting role. This was the beginning of Krips' worldwide career, which would take him to the most prominent houses in the world. Until his death in 1974, Krips was regarded as one of the most important Maestri (conductors/music directors) of the Staatsoper.

On July 1, 1998, a historical broadcast took place, as Austria undertook its first presidency of the European Union. Fidelio was broadcast live from the Vienna State Opera to the 15 capital cities of the EU.

Present day

The company
The Vienna State Opera is closely linked to the Vienna Philharmonic, which is an incorporated society of its own, but whose members are recruited from the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera.

The  is one of the busiest opera houses in the world producing 50 to 60 operas in a repertory system per year and ten ballet productions in more than 350 performances. It is quite common to find a different opera being produced each day of a week. The  employs over 1000 people. As of 2008, the annual operating budget of the  was 100 million euros with slightly more than 50% as a state subsidy.

Olga Neuwirth's 2019 production of Virginia Woolf's novel Orlando marks the first time the Vienna State Opera will perform an opera by a woman. The novel the opera is based on is considered the first English language "trans novel". In addition to the Vienna State Opera orchestra, the score includes an electric guitar and two synthesizers.

Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler was one of the many conductors who have worked in Vienna. During his tenure (1897–1907), Mahler cultivated a new generation of singers, such as Anna Bahr-Mildenburg and Selma Kurz, and recruited a stage designer who replaced the lavish historical stage decors with sparse stage scenery corresponding to modernistic, Jugendstil tastes. Mahler also introduced the practice of dimming the lighting in the theatre during performances, which was initially not appreciated by the audience. However, Mahler's reforms were maintained by his successors.

Herbert von Karajan

Herbert von Karajan introduced the practice of performing operas exclusively in their original language instead of being translated into German. He also strengthened the ensemble and regular principal singers and introduced the policy of predominantly engaging guest singers. He began a collaboration with La Scala in Milan, in which both productions and orchestrations were shared. This created an opening for the prominent members of the Viennese ensemble to appear in Milan, especially to perform works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Strauss.

Ballet companies merge
At the beginning of the 2005–2006 season, the ballet companies of the Staatsoper and the Vienna Volksoper were merged under the direction of Gyula Harangozó, which led to a reduction in the number of performers in the resulting ensemble. This has resulted in an increase in the number of guest stars engaged to work in the ballet. The practice of combining the two ballet companies proved an artistic failure, and Harangozó left when his contract expired in 2010.

From the 2010–2011 season a new company was formed called Wiener Staatsballet, Vienna State Ballet, under the direction of former Paris Opera Ballet principal dancer Manuel Legris. Legris eliminated Harangozós's policy of presenting nothing but traditional narrative ballets with guest artists in the leading roles, concentrated on establishing a strong in-house ensemble and restored evenings of mixed bill programs, featuring works of George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, Jiří Kylián, William Forsythe, and many contemporary choreographers, as well as a reduced schedule of the classic ballets.

140th anniversary season
2009 marked the 140th anniversary of the Vienna Opera House. To celebrate this milestone an idea designed to reach out and embrace a new audience was conceived. A giant 50 sqm screen was placed on the side of the opera house facing Kärntner Straße. In four months live broadcasts of over 60 famous operas were transmitted in this way, including performances of Madama Butterfly, The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni. This successful venture brought a new wave of operatic excitement to the many tourists and locals who experienced this cultural event. During daytime the screen displays a replica of the Opera House's façade, as it obstructs a considerable part of the building, along with information about upcoming performances.

The opera house and children

The Vienna State Opera is particularly open to children: under Holender's direction (he has three children of his own), the opera house has become well known for its children's productions, which are performed in a tent on the roof of the Staatsoper. Recent examples include Peter Pan,  (The Dream Gobbler), Der 35. Mai (The 35th of May), C. F. E. Horneman's Aladdin, Bastien und Bastienne and Wagners Nibelungenring für Kinder (Wagner's Ring for children). In addition to this, there is a production of The Magic Flute every year for 9- and 10-year-olds, decorated like the Opernball.

The opera house also has an opera school for boys and girls between the ages of eight and fourteen, which takes place in the afternoons after regular school. The children are introduced to music theatre and the prospect of becoming opera singers. The company recruits singers for children's roles in its productions from this opera school. Twice every season there is a special matinée performance of the opera school. In 2006, the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth, they performed a 20-minute miniature opera Der kleine Friedrich arranged from songs of Mozart by Janko Kastelic and Claudia Toman.

"Standing room only" audience

Eighty minutes before each performance, cheap standing room tickets are sold (). These are popular with all age groups, and now have an almost legendary regular clientele, which is merciless in showing its displeasure with a performance loudly and unambiguously, but is even louder in voicing approval.

Der Neue Merker

Every performance at the Vienna State Opera is reviewed by an independent company in the opera publication Der Neue Merker (The New Judge) which is printed in about 2000 copies. This is unusual in that most opera magazines prefer to concentrate on new productions and premieres. There is an online version parallel to the publication, which receives (as of March 2007) an average of 10,000 visitors a week, and therefore is one of the most successful German-language opera portals.

Opera ball

For many decades, the opera house has been the venue of the Vienna Opera Ball. It is an internationally renowned event, which takes place annually on the last Thursday in Fasching. Those in attendance often include visitors from around the world, especially prominent names in business and politics. The opera ball receives media coverage from a range of outlets.

The opera ball in 1968 was the occasion for a protest, at which the organisation was criticised for being "elite" (due to the high prices), "conceited" (due to the opulent display of wealth for the newspapers and cameras) and "reactionary" (for upholding an allegedly outdated culture). There was violence between the demonstrators and the police.

Safety curtain
"Safety Curtain" is an exhibition series conceived by the non-profit art initiative museum in progress, which has been transforming the safety curtain of the Vienna State Opera into a temporary exhibition space for contemporary art since 1998. A jury (Daniel Birnbaum and Hans-Ulrich Obrist) selects the artists whose works are attached to the safety curtain by means of magnets and are shown during the course of a season. Artists up to date: Tauba Auerbach, John Baldessari, Matthew Barney, Thomas Bayrle, Tacita Dean, Cerith Wyn Evans, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster, Richard Hamilton, David Hockney, Christine & Irene Hohenbüchler, Joan Jonas, Jeff Koons, Maria Lassnig, Oswald Oberhuber, Giulio Paolini, Rirkrit Tiravanija, Rosemarie Trockel, Cy Twombly, Kara Walker and Franz West.

Directors/General managers
In chronological order, the directors (or general managers) of the Staatsoper have been:

 Franz von Dingelstedt (1867–70)
 Johann von Herbeck (1870–75)
 Franz von Jauner (1875–80)
 Wilhelm Jahn (1881–97)
 Gustav Mahler (1897–1907)
 Felix Weingartner, Edler von Münzberg (first term, 1908–11)
 Hans Gregor (1911–18)
 Richard Strauss / Franz Schalk (1919–24)
 Franz Schalk (1924–29)
 Clemens Krauss (1929–34)
 Felix von Weingartner (second term, 1935–36)
  (1936–40)
 Heinrich Karl Strohm (1940–41)
 Lothar Müthel (1941–42)
 Karl Böhm (first term, 1943–45)
 Franz Salmhofer (1945–54)
 Karl Böhm (second term, 1954–56)
 Herbert von Karajan (1956–1964)
 Egon Hilbert (1964–68)
 Heinrich Reif-Gintl (1968–72)
 Rudolf Gamsjäger (1972–76)
 Egon Seefehlner (first term, 1976–82)
 Lorin Maazel (1982–84)
 Egon Seefehlner (second term, 1984–86)
 Claus Helmut Drese (1986–91)
 Eberhard Wächter (1991–92)
 Ioan Holender (1992–2010)
 Dominique Meyer (2010–2020)

The current general director of the company, Dominique Meyer, is scheduled to conclude his tenure in 2020.  In December 2016, the company announced the appointment of Bogdan Roščić as its next general director, effective with in 2020.

Artistic/Music Directors
 Richard Strauss (1919-1924)
 Bruno Walter (1936-1938)
 Claudio Abbado (1986–1991)
 Seiji Ozawa (2002–2010)
 Franz Welser-Möst (2010–2014)

In July 2017, the company announced the appointment of Philippe Jordan as its next music director, effective with the 2020–2021 season.

Prominent artists who have appeared at the Staatsoper

Singers

 Theo Adam
 Ain Anger
 Giacomo Aragall
 Agnes Baltsa
 Gabriela Beňačková
 Ettore Bastianini
 Teresa Berganza
 Walter Berry
 Jussi Björling
 Franco Bonisolli
 Montserrat Caballé
 Maria Callas
 José Carreras
 Enrico Caruso
 Mimi Coertse
 Franco Corelli
 José Cura
 Oskar Czerwenka
 Giuseppe Di Stefano
 Plácido Domingo (50th jubilee in May 2017)
 Otto Edelmann
 Anny Felbermayer
 Juan Diego Flórez
 Mirella Freni
 Ferruccio Furlanetto
 Elīna Garanča
 Nicolai Gedda
 Angela Gheorghiu
 Nicolai Ghiaurov
 Tito Gobbi
 Edita Gruberová (40th jubilee in September 2008, 50th jubilee in June 2018)
 Thomas Hampson
 Hans Hotter
 Gundula Janowitz
 Maria Jeritza
 Gwyneth Jones
 Sena Jurinac
 Vesselina Kasarova
 Jonas Kaufmann
 Angelika Kirchschlager
 Alfredo Kraus
 Elisabeth Kulman
 Erich Kunz
 Selma Kurz
 Christa Ludwig (final operatic performance in Elektra, 1994)
 Éva Marton
 Anna Moffo
 Anna Netrebko
 Birgit Nilsson
 Jessye Norman
 Jarmila Novotná
 Hasmik Papian
 Luciano Pavarotti
 Alfred Piccaver
 Lucia Popp
 Hermann Prey
 Gianni Raimondi
 Ruggero Raimondi
 Maria Reining
 Leonie Rysanek
 Matti Salminen
 Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
 Renata Scotto
 Cesare Siepi
 Giulietta Simionato
 Bo Skovhus
 Nina Stemme
 Michail Svetlev
 Giuseppe Taddei
 Martti Talvela
 Richard Tauber
 Renata Tebaldi
 Bryn Terfel
 Rolando Villazón
 Eberhard Wächter
 Otto Wiener
 Fritz Wunderlich
 Heinz Zednik

Conductors

 Kurt Adler
 Gerd Albrecht
 Ernest Ansermet
 Leonard Bernstein
 Semyon Bychkov
 Riccardo Chailly
 André Cluytens
 Colin Davis
 Victor de Sabata
 Hubert Deutsch
 Antal Doráti
 Christoph von Dohnányi
 Gustavo Dudamel
 Wilhelm Furtwängler
 John Eliot Gardiner
 Daniele Gatti
 Gianandrea Gavazzeni
 Michael Gielen
 Leopold Hager
 Daniel Harding
 Nikolaus Harnoncourt
 Paul Hindemith
 Heinrich Hollreiser`
 Philippe Jordan
 Carlos Kleiber
 Erich Kleiber
 Hans Knappertsbusch
 Clemens Krauss
 Josef Krips
 Rafael Kubelík
 Jan Latham-Koenig
 Erich Leinsdorf
 Lorin Maazel
 Charles Mackerras
 Ernst Märzendorfer
 Zubin Mehta
 Dimitri Mitropoulos
 Francesco Molinari-Pradelli
 Pierre Monteux
 Rudolf Moralt
 Lovro von Matačić
 Riccardo Muti
 Andris Nelsons
 Roger Norrington
 Daniel Oren
 Antonio Pappano
 John Pritchard
 Simon Rattle
 Hugo Reichenberger
 Fritz Reiner
 Hans Richter
 Mario Rossi
 Nello Santi
 Michael Schønwandt
 Leif Segerstam
 Tullio Serafin
 Giuseppe Sinopoli
 Leonard Slatkin
 Georg Solti
 Horst Stein
 Pinchas Steinberg
 Igor Stravinsky
 Otmar Suitner
 Robert Stolz
 Richard Strauss
 Christian Thielemann
 Arturo Toscanini
 Silvio Varviso
 Marcello Viotti
 Antonino Votto
 Bruno Walter
 Felix Weingartner
 Alberto Zedda

Directors, set designers, and costume designers
Opera title and year of debut at the Vienna State Opera in parentheses:

 Gae Aulenti (Il viaggio a Reims, 1988)
 Boleslaw Barlog (Salome, 1972)
 Sven-Eric Bechtolf (Arabella, 2006)
 Ruth Berghaus (Fierrabras, 1990)
 Milena Canonero (Il trittico, 1979)
 Robert Carsen (Jérusalem, 1995)
 Giulio Chazalettes (Attila, 1980)
 Luciano Damiani (Don Giovanni, 1967)
 Dieter Dorn (Die Entführung aus dem Serail, 1979)
 August Everding (Tristan und Isolde, 1967)
 Piero Faggioni (Norma, 1977)
 Jürgen Flimm (Der ferne Klang, 1991)
 Götz Friedrich (Moses und Aron, 1973)
 Ezio Frigerio, (Norma, 1977)
 Josef Gielen (Madama Butterfly, 1957)
 Peter J. Hall (Le nozze di Figaro, 1991)
 Karl-Ernst Herrmann (Die Entführung aus dem Serail, 1989)
 Václav Kašlík (Idomeneo, 1971)
 Jorge Lavelli (Der Prozess, 1970)
 Alfred Kirchner (Khovanchina, 1989)
 Harry Kupfer (Die schwarze Maske, 1986)
 Lotfi Mansouri (La fanciulla del west 1978)
 Gian Carlo Menotti (La Cenerentola, 1981)
 Jonathan Miller (Le nozze di Figaro, 1991)
 Giancarlo del Monaco (La forza del destino, 1989)
 Hans Neuenfels (Le Prophète, 1998)
 Hermann Nitsch (Hérodiade, 1995)
 Adrian Noble (Alcina, 2010)
 Timothy O'Brien (Turandot, 1983)
 Tom O'Horgan (Les Troyens, 1976)
 Laurent Pelly (La fille du régiment, 2007)
 Pier Luigi Pizzi (as stage designer: La forza del destino, 1974; as director: Don Carlo, 1989)
 Jean-Pierre Ponnelle (Manon, 1971)
 David Pountney (Rienzi, 1997)
 Harold Prince (Turandot, 1983)
 Gianni Quaranta (Samson et Dalila, 1988)
 Günther Rennert (Il barbiere di Siviglia, 1966)
 Luca Ronconi (Il viaggio a Reims, 1988)
 Ken Russell (Faust, 1985)
 Filippo Sanjust (Ariadne auf Naxos, 1976)
 Johannes Schaaf (Idomeneo, 1987)
 Otto Schenk (Jenůfa, 1964)
 Yuval Sharon (Tri Sestri, 2016)
 Franca Squarciapino (Norma, 1977)
 Peter Stein (Simon Boccanegra, 2002)
 Giorgio Strehler (Simon Boccanegra, 1984)
 Josef Svoboda (Idomeneo, 1971)
 István Szabó (Il trovatore, 1993)
 Carl Toms, (Faust, 1985)
 Luchino Visconti (Falstaff, 1966)
 Antoine Vitez (Pelléas et Mélisande, 1988)
 Wieland Wagner (Lohengrin, 1965)
 Margarete Wallmann (Tosca, 1958)
 Anthony Ward (Alcina, 2010)
 Herbert Wernicke (I vespri siciliani, 1998)
 Peter Wood (Macbeth, 1981)
 Franco Zeffirelli (La bohème, 1964)

See also

 Carltheater
 Ringtheater
 Theater am Kärntnertor

References

External links

 Wiener Staatsoper at Google Cultural Institute

Category:Opera houses in Austria
Category:Josef Hlávka buildings
Category:Ballet venues
Category:Cultural venues in Vienna
Category:Music venues completed in 1869
State Opera
Category:Theatres completed in 1869
Category:1869 establishments in Austria-Hungary


Runciman Report (1938)

The Runciman Report was issued at the conclusion of Lord Runciman's Mission to Czechoslovakia in September 1938. The purpose of the Mission was to mediate in a dispute between the Government of Czechoslovakia and the Sudeten German Party (SdP), representing German separatists within Czechoslovakia (in the so-called "Sudetenland"), which was threatening to plunge Europe into war.

The report, published in the form of letters addressed to the British prime minister, Neville Chamberlain and the Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš, on 21 September 1938, recommended the cession of the territory concerned to Nazi Germany, thus paving the way for the Munich Agreement of 30 September 1938.

Evidence suggests that a section of the report was redrafted at a late stage, probably by Frank Ashton-Gwatkin, the Chief of Staff of the Mission and a permanent official in the British Foreign Office, in order to bring the recommendations fully into line with British policy.

References

Category:1938 documents
Category:History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Category:Munich Agreement
Category:Sudetenland
Category:Territorial disputes of Czechoslovakia
Category:World War II documents


Friendswood, Texas

Friendswood is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the  metropolitan area.  The city lies in Galveston and Harris Counties.  As of the 2010 census, the population of Friendswood was 35,805.

In 2007, CNN/Money magazine listed Friendswood as one of 100 "America's Best Places to Live" for that year, making it one of 900 small towns recognized since the rankings first began in 2005.

History
Friendswood was founded in 1895 by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).

Geography

Friendswood is located at  (29.512532, -95.197933).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers a total area of , of which  are land area and , or 0.69%, is covered by water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, 29,037 people, 10,107 households, and 8,085 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,381.2 people per square mile (533.4/km²). The 10,405 housing units averagedensity of 495.0 per square mile (191.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.09% White, 2.70% African American, 0.40% Native American, 2.39% Asian, 2.80% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 8.79% of the population.

Of the 10,107 households, 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were not families. About 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the city, the population was distributed as 30.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.

In 2010, the median income for a household was $115,439 and for a family was $128,898.  Males had a median income of $67,084 versus $35,447 for females. The per capita income for the city was $39,515. About 2.3% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The Friendswood Post Office is located at 310 Morningside Drive. Some locations in the City of Houston have Friendswood mailing addresses. NASA astronaut Michael Foreman was elected mayor in 2018.

Economy
The Baybrook Mall is physically located in the City of Houston, but has a Friendswood mailing address.

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools
Students in Friendswood attend schools in either Friendswood Independent School District (FISD) if they live south of Clear Creek (Galveston County), or Clear Creek Independent School District (CCISD) if they live north of Clear Creek (Harris County). The CCISD portion is within the Board of Trustees District 4, represented by Stuart J. Stromeyer as of 2008.

Cline Elementary School, Westwood Elementary School, Bales Intermediate School, and Windsong Intermediate School serve the FISD portion of Friendswood. All FISD residents are zoned to Friendswood Junior High School and Friendswood High School.

CCISD students from Friendswood attend Wedgewood Elementary School in Friendswood, and Brookside Intermediate School in Friendswood. Most residents of CCISD Friendswood are zoned to Clear Brook High School in unincorporated Harris County, while some residents of CCISD Friendswood are zoned to Clear Springs High School in League City.

Students who live in the area around Friendswood, but are in unincorporated Harris County with address listed as Friendswood or Webster attend Greene Elementary School or Landolt Elementary School in unincorporated Harris County for elementary schools. For middle school they are zoned to Westbrook Intermediate School in Houston.

Public libraries
The Friendswood Public Library at 416 South Friendswood Drive serves Friendswood.

Notable people

 Katie Rose Clarke - Broadway actor, famous for the roles of Clara in Light in the Piazza, Glinda in Wicked, and Hannah in Allegiance
 Greg Bonnen - neurosurgeon and Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from Friendswood
 Penny Edwards - actress known for many western films; died in Friendswood
 Joseph Gutheinz – attorney and investigator of stolen and missing moon rocks
Clara Harris, convicted murderer who made national and international headlines for murdering and running over her husband with their car
 Booker T and spouse Sharmell Sullivan-Huffman – professional wrestling personalities
 Balor Moore - former MLB pitcher resides in Friendswood
 Ronnie Price – NBA basketball player
 Robin Coleman - ,American Gladiator Hellga, 2001 World's Strongest Woman (bronze)
 Ryan Sitton - Republican nominee for the Texas Railroad Commission in the November 4, 2014, general election
 Steve Stockman – departing Republican member of the United States House of Representatives; unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. Senate in the 2014 primary election, convicted felon
 Bruce Prichard - former producer for WWE and co-host of Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard
 Bill McArthur - retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one expedition to the International Space Station via the Russian Soyuz capsule
 Larry Taylor - Republican member of the Texas Senate. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 24 in Galveston County from 2003 to 2012, former City Council Member for Friendswood.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, Friendswood has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.

Legacy
The 2014 novel Friendswood, set in the area, was written by René Steinke.

References

External links

 City of Friendswood official website

 Friendswood Public Library

Category:Cities in Texas
Category:Cities in Galveston County, Texas
Category:Cities in Harris County, Texas
Category:Greater Houston


Baba Sheydollah

Baba Sheydollah (, also Romanized as Bābā Sheydollāh; also known as Bāba Saidullah) is a village in Chaharduli-ye Sharqi Rural District, Chaharduli District, Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 501, in 113 families.

References

Alan Heah was here 2016  04:22 13/02/16

Category:Towns and villages in Qorveh County


Elemental (Loreena McKennitt album)

Elemental is the debut album by Canadian singer-songwriter and instrumentalist Loreena McKennitt and the vehicle with which she launched the Quinlan Road label.  The album was recorded in one week in July 1985 and released later in the year. The studio was a barn in southern Ontario, situated in a field of sunflowers.

Track listing
 "Blacksmith" (traditional, McKennitt) – 3:20
 "She Moved Through the Fair" (traditional, Padraic Colum, McKennitt) – 4:05
 "Stolen Child" (McKennitt, W. B. Yeats) – 5:05
 "The Lark in the Clear Air" (traditional, McKennitt) – 2:06
 "Carrighfergus" (traditional, McKennitt) – 3:24
 "Kellswater" (traditional, McKennitt) – 5:19
 "Banks of Claudy" (traditional, McKennitt) – 5:37
 "Come by the Hills" (traditional, McKennitt) – 3:05
 "Lullaby" (William Blake, McKennitt) – 4:26

Song information

 "Stolen Child" is based on the William Butler Yeats poem "The Stolen Child".
 The main vocals of "Carrighfergus" are sung by Cedric Smith.
 "Lullaby" uses the words of a poem by William Blake Prologue intended for a dramatic piece of King Edward the Fourth. The song was written for the 1983 Stratford Festival of Canada production of Blake by Elliott Hayes and performed by Douglas Campbell.

Certifications

!scope="row"|Worldwide (IFPI)
|
|67,000
|-

Notes

Category:1985 debut albums
Category:Loreena McKennitt albums


Tygerberg High School

Tygerberg  High School is situated in Parow, South Africa. It is a government funded School.

Background and history

The school was founded in 1954. The first principal was M. du T. Potgieter.

Motto
There is work.

Through the years
Potgieter served as principal up to 1963. D.A. Kotzé  took over for one year. After Kotzé, the school had numerous principals: R.K. de Villiers 1964–1967, S.W. Walters 1968–1972,  J.A. de Jager 1973–1975, J.A. van Wyk  1976–1984, F.P.J. Smit 1985–1990, J.A. de Vries  1991–1993, A.J.C. Schreuder 1994–1997 and C.E. van der Westhuizen 1997–2011. The current principal is  L.S. Herselman, who started in 2012.

Improvements
The schools new buildings were opened on 7 August 1981.

Language

The language medium is Afrikaans and English.

Choir

The Tygerberg High School Choir took part in the 35th World International Youth Music Competition in Vienna, Austria. The choir won the second place prize.

Athletics
They represent the "T" in the MTBS annual interschool's athletics competition. The other school participating are "M" for DF Malan, "B" for Bellville and "S" for  Stellenberg.

Alumni
François Bloemhof – Author
Rochelle Lawson  – South Africa Protea Netball Player (Goal Defence)
Eben Etzebeth – South African Springbok Rugby Player (Lock and Captain)
Justin Geduld  – South Africa Springbok sevens rugby player.
Juarno Augustus – Western Province rugby player, playing eighthman.
Marvin Orie - Springbok rugby player

References

Category:Schools in Cape Town
Category:High schools in South Africa
Category:Schools in the Western Cape


Hose's frog

__NOTOC__

Hose's frog (Odorrana hosii, often misspelled as O. hosei) is a true frog species with a wide range in Southeast Asia. This species was named after zoologist Charles Hose.

Its closest living relatives appear to be O. chloronota which occurs to the north of Hose's frog's range, as well as O. livida and O. morafkai with a more limited range in Myanmar and Vietnam, respectively; these four appear to form a close-knit group wherein the northern species are barely closer to each other than Hose's frog is to any of them. Also quite closely related is O. megatympanum, another Vietnamese endemic.

Description
This frog has a robust body with long, slender legs; males measure 50–60 mm, females 85–100 mm. The dorsal are dark green with brown sides, the ventral are pale, the limbs are marked with dark crossbars. Its finger- and toe-tips bear grooved discs.
This frog also have many varians of dorsal colour. Including full green, full brown, green with brown dots, and brown with green dots.
Its call heard like "cit" of rats.
Its tadpoles apparently lack suctorial discs.

Distribution and ecology
Hose's frog has been recorded from the Malay Peninsula south of the Kra Isthmus, on Phuket, Tioman, Borneo, the Batu Islands, Sumatra, Simeulue, Bangka Island, Belitung and Java. It lives in and along clear, swift streams and rivers in rainforest up to 1,700 meters ASL. Though declining in recent times due to deforestation, it is still widely distributed and plentiful, and there is evidence that it is more tolerant of pollution and will morer readily accept secondary forest than many other frogs in the region. It is therefore listed as a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN.

Eggs are probably deposited in water in a way roughly similar to other true frogs. But the eggs inside their gelatinous outer layer are cream-coloured without a dark hemisphere, indicating a specialised oviposition site.

Footnotes

Further reading
 (1966): The Systematics and Zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana Zool. 52: 1–402.

Further reading

External links
Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia – Odorrana hosii

Category:Fauna of Brunei
Category:Amphibians of Indonesia
Category:Amphibians of Malaysia
Category:Amphibians of Thailand
Category:Amphibians described in 1891
Category:Odorrana


Melanopsis rifi

Melanopsis rifi is a minute species of freshwater gastropod in the family Melanopsidae, endemic to a small spring in the south-eastern Rich region of Morocco.

References

Category:Gastropods
Category:Melanopsidae
Category:Gastropod stubs


Shible Township, Swift County, Minnesota

Shible Township is a township in Swift County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 115 at the 2000 census.

Shible Township was organized in 1876, and named for Albert Shible, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.2 km²); 34.9 square miles (90.5 km²) of it is land and 1.0 square miles (2.7 km²) of it (2.86%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 115 people, 54 households, and 38 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.3 people per square mile (1.3/km²). There were 67 housing units at an average density of 1.9/sq mi (0.7/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 99.13% White, 0.87% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 54 households out of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.51.

In the township the population was spread out with 17.4% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 40.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 134.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $35,625, and the median income for a family was $35,938. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,639. There were no families and 3.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

References

Category:Townships in Swift County, Minnesota
Category:Townships in Minnesota


Cindy Waddingham

Cindy Joy Waddingham (born 8 April 1980) is an Australian television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Sarah in the Australian black comedy series, Wilfred (2007), and the award-winning 2002 short film of the same name on which the series is based. Other appearances include Caitlin in the 2010 romantic comedy I Love You Too, and Andrea in the comedy series Lowdown (2010).

Waddingham has several roles alongside Adam Zwar, whom she met while filming a commercial for HBA Health Insurance in 2001 (Zwar was the buck-toothed client who sprayed the slogan "three for free")

References

External links

Category:Australian television actresses
Category:1980 births
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people


Joseph Sleeman

Joseph Bertram Sleeman (21 June 1885 – 6 July 1970) was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1924 to 1959, representing the seat of Fremantle. He served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 1939 to 1947.

Sleeman was born in the small country town of Inglewood, Victoria. He and his parents moved to Western Australia in 1895, and he attended school in Day Dawn, a mining town in the state's Mid West. After working for a period as a storeman in Leonora, Sleeman moved to Fremantle (the port city of Perth), where he began working as an organiser for the Shop Assistants Union. At the 1924 state election, he stood for the seat of Fremantle, and defeated the sitting Nationalist member, Frank Gibson. Following the 1939 election, Sleeman was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, going on to serve until the Labor government's defeat at the 1947 election. Only two other speakers have served for longer periods – Sir James Lee-Steere and John Hearman. Sleeman continued in parliament until his retirement at the 1959 election, having spent nearly 35 years as the member for Fremantle. He died in July 1970, aged 85.

In 1992 Joe Sleeman Court, a housing complex on South Terrace, was named in Sleeman's honour and dedicated by the then MLA for Fremantle, Jim McGinty.

References

Category:1885 births
Category:1970 deaths
Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Western Australia
Category:Australian trade unionists
Category:Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
Category:Speakers of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
Category:People from Inglewood, Victoria
Category:20th-century Australian politicians


RAML

RAML or Raml may refer to:

 RAML (software) (RESTful API Modeling Language), a YAML based language for describing RESTful APIs
 Michael Raml (born 1987), Austrian politician

See also
 Raml Zayta, a former Palestinian Arab village


Oxford University Tape Recording Society

The Oxford University Tape Recording Society (OUTRS) was a student's club of recording enthusiasts that has existed from at least 1966 until at least 1976. Among its members were AES fellow Michael Gerzon and Peter Craven, co-inventors of the Soundfield microphone, Nimbus Records director Jonathan Halliday and sound engineer and prolific Ambisonic recordist Paul Hodges (father of pianist Nicolas Hodges).

The OUTRS' recordings have been quoted in early listening experiments on four-speaker stereo reproduction. Subsequently, the society conducted some ground-breaking experiments in full-sphere surround recording, laying the foundation for the development of the Ambisonic surround sound system.

External links
 A personal, illustrated account of the activities of the OUTRS by former member Stephen Thornton can be found at .
 The tape collection of Michael Gerzon contains many OUTRS recordings and is available at The British Library Catalogue No. C236.
 Paul Hodges maintains a site of Ambisonic resources at .
 A short documentary focusing on Michael Gerzon and the work of the OUTRS, including interviews with Peter Craven and Paul Hodges can be seen here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X23hZNoSkUs

References

Category:Ambisonics


U.S. Virgin Islands at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

The United States Virgin Islands competed at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013. Eddie Lovett was the Virgin Islands' sole athlete, competing in the 110m hurdles. Lovett was eliminated in the heats.

References

External links
IAAF World Championships – U.S. Virgin Islands

Category:Nations at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics
World Championships in Athletics
Category:United States Virgin Islands at the World Championships in Athletics


Tianhe Sports Center South station

Tianhe Sports Center South Station () is a metro station on the Guangzhou Metro APM line. It is located below the entrance to the Tianhe Sports Center () in Tianhe Road () in the Tianhe District,  from  station on Line 1 of the metro. It started operation on 8November 2010.

Station layout

Exits

References

Category:Railway stations opened in 2010
Category:Guangzhou Metro stations in Tianhe District


Chora, Ios

Chora or Hora (), officially Ios (), is the capital town of Ios Island in Greece and is the largest settlement on the island. It contains many of the island's facilities of tourism such as hotels and apartments. The town has only some small roads for cars many paths only accessible by foot.  It is built between two small hills and in the town there are at least 24 small churches with the most famous one being the church of Panagia Gremiotissa ("Panagia of the Cliff"). The modern town sits on the ruins of the ancient polis (city-state) of Ios.

Architecture
The town has typically Cycladic architecture. Almost all the buildings are covered with a layer of white lime with sea blue colored doors and window frames. There are no roads but stairs leading up to the Chora's hill. Most buildings at their base have small souvenir shops, cafe shops and restaurants and on the upper floors the residents live.

Climate

Reference

Category:Populated places in Ios


Guam at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games

Guam competed at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from September 17 to 27. Guam sent a delegation consisting of 34 participants in the competition. Guam didn't receive any medal at the Games.

Guam made its first appearance at an Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games for the first time along with other Oceania nations.

Participants

References

Category:Nations at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
Category:2017 in Guamanian sport
Category:Guam at multi-sport events


Nokia 6.1

The Nokia 6.1, also known as the Nokia 6 (2018) and the second-generation Nokia 6, is a Nokia-branded upper-mid-range smartphone running the Android operating system. It serves as the successor to the first-generation Nokia 6. The phone features an aluminium unibody milled out of a single chunk of 6000-series aluminium.

On 4 January, a Chinese retailer leaked the Nokia 6.1, including specs, press shots, and more. Just a day later, Nokia officially listed the handset on its website to confirm the release of the phone in China. On 25 February, it was officially launched at MWC, along with four other new models for international availability.

Models

Specifications

Hardware
The second-generation Nokia 6 is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 630, an upgrade from the Snapdragon 430 present in its predecessor. Depending on the version, it either comes with 32 GB storage and 3 GB of LPDDR4 RAM or 64 GB storage and 4 GB of RAM.

The display panel is the same 5.5" 1080p IPS LCD in the original, although the front bezels have been slimmed down and the capacitive navigation buttons and home button have been replaced with on-screen keys.

The camera setup is also the same combination of 16 MP rear and 8 MP selfie found in its predecessor, and retains the "Bothie" feature, which uses both cameras and splits the screen in half to capture an image or does picture in picture mode, showing the inwards camera in a small rectangle on top of the outwards camera, or vice versa.

One of the main changes is the replacement of the micro-USB port in favor of the reversible USB-C, as well as the shift of the fingerprint sensor to the rear of the device. It keeps the 3.5 mm headphone jack. The Nokia 6.1 also supports Nokia OZO audio.

Software
The phone launched in China running Android 7.1.1 Nougat and is upgradable to Android 8.0 Oreo, Android 9 Pie or Android 10 All other versions, including the international one, which launched later, ship with Android 8.1 Oreo, upgradeable to Android 9 Pie since the end of October 2018 and Android 10 since 10 January 2019. It is part of the Android One program, which means the device gets 2 years Android OS updates and 3 years of security updates and therefore is upgradeable up to Android 10 however will probably not receive future OS updates.

Reception
Reviews for Nokia 6.1 have been mostly positive. Critics have praised its software, screen and build quality and design. Its camera has been criticised for lacking detail and having washed out colors.

References

External links

Category:Nokia mobile phones
Category:GPS navigation devices
Category:Nokia phones by series
Category:Mobile phones introduced in 2018
Category:Android (operating system) devices


John Billson

John William Billson (10 January 1862 – 23 December 1924) was a British-born Australian politician.

He was born in Leicester to shoemaker William Daniel Billson and Betsy Sharp. A bootmaker, he married Sarah Jane Sarson Coverley on 14 October 1882; they had three children. He migrated to Australia in 1886 and became president of the Bootmakers' Union in 1893. His unionism made finding work difficult; he went briefly to Sydney, before returning to Victoria to become general secretary of the union and a member of the Eight Hours Committee. From 1898 to 1900 he served on Richmond City Council. In 1900 he won the seat of Fitzroy in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party. He was a delegate to the federal Labor conferences in 1905 and 1915, and also served as president of the Trades Hall Council from 1901 to 1902. In December 1913 he briefly served as Minister of Railways. During World War I he was a passionate opponent of conscription, but was a vigorous recruiter for the war effort. He was deputy leader of the Labor Party from 1918 until his death in Melbourne in 1924.

References

Category:1862 births
Category:1924 deaths
Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly


Miranda Devine

Miranda Devine (born July 1961 ) is a conservative Australian columnist and writer. Her column, formerly printed twice weekly in Fairfax Media newspapers The Sydney Morning Herald and The Sun-Herald, now appears in the News Limited newspapers Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph, Melbourne's Sunday Herald Sun and Perth's Sunday Times. She hosted The Miranda Devine Show, a weekly syndicated radio show on Sydney station 2GB. The show ended in 2015. As of early 2020, her columns appear in the New York Post.

Early life and education
Born in New York and growing up between Tokyo and Sydney. Devine is the eldest daughter of Frank Devine, a New Zealand born Australian newspaper editor and journalist, who died in 2009. She attended school at Loreto Convent and the International School of the Sacred Heart Tokyo, has a Masters in Journalism from Northwestern University (USA) and a Bachelor of Science in Maths from Macquarie University. Devine studied first-year architecture at Sydney University and worked briefly at the CSIRO's Division of Textile Physics.

Career
Devine worked for the Boston Herald as a reporter and feature writer. In 1989, Devine joined The Daily Telegraph as assistant editor, police reporter and columnist after returning to Australia to live in Sydney. She had also previously worked at British tabloid the Sun and Sunday Times in London. Most recently, Devine's columns, focused on  United States politics, are published by the New York Post and she makes appearances promoting her articles on local media outlets. Devine lives in Sydney with her husband and two sons.

Commentary
Devine is noted for her conservative stance on a range of social and political issues, including Catholicism, and this approach has proved controversial at times. But also she has been critical of some conservative politicians, such as former Prime Minister Tony Abbott, and in April 2016 she coined the term "delcon" (delusional conservative) to describe some of his uncritical diehard supporters.

In 2009, Devine suggested that green ideologies like biodiversity conservation were to blame for the poor management of forested areas and national parks, and consequently for the deaths during the Black Saturday bushfires event . This rhetoric was revived during the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, but promptly rejected by the scientific and firefighting community

In 2011, Devine used the news of Australian federal government minister Penny Wong's decision to parent a child with her female partner as the basis of a column in which she argued that the 2011 riots in England were the result of a "fatherless society".

In 2015, Devine sparked considerable controversy after claiming that "women abusing welfare" were the main cause of domestic violence. According to Devine, "If you want to break the cycle of violence, end the welfare incentive for unsuitable women to keep having children to a string of feckless men".

In 2017, she wrote that share bicycle schemes were a terror threat.

In 2018, Devine advocated for the continuation of coal-fired electricity options; she has repeatedly suggested that climate change is a political conspiracy.

Devine has been accused by media of promoting the white genocide conspiracy theory and described as pivotal in popularising the concept within Australian politics. Referring to white South African refugees as "oppressed white, Christian, industrious, rugby and cricket-playing Commonwealth cousins", she has claimed they would "integrate seamlessly" with European Australians.

In 2019, Devine defended convicted child sex abuser George Pell, claiming that the victim’s “accusations are implausible” and that “Victoria police chief Graham Ashton desperate for a distraction from the crime epidemic he’s incapable of stopping”.

References

External links
 Devine's blog at the Daily Telegraph

Category:1961 births
Category:20th-century Roman Catholics
Category:21st-century Roman Catholics
Category:Australian columnists
Category:Australian Roman Catholics
Category:Australian conspiracy theorists
Category:CSIRO people
Category:Female critics of feminism
Category:Living people
Category:Macquarie University alumni
Category:People from New York (state)
Category:Women columnists


Alabama National Cemetery

Alabama National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Montevallo, Alabama, about 35 miles south of Birmingham, Alabama. It encompasses , and interments began on June 25, 2009.

History
The Mobile National Cemetery was closed to interments in the 1990s. The other Alabama site is Fort Mitchell National Cemetery near Phenix City, 150 miles southeast. The Veterans Administration was authorized to establish six new burial sites by the National Cemetery Act of 2003. Areas not served by an existing National Cemetery and containing at least 170,000 veteran residents included Bakersfield, California; Birmingham, Alabama; Jacksonville, Florida; Sarasota County, Florida; southeastern Pennsylvania and Columbia- Greenville, South Carolina.

Site Status
Initial construction began in November 2008 and created space for 1,000 casket burials and 1,000 in-ground cremations. Except for minor irrigation work, construction was completed in early June 2009. The grounds were consecrated June 18, 2009, one week before burials were scheduled to commence. A second construction stage is scheduled to start in late 2009 and will include an additional 8,100 casket sites, 2,100 in-ground/above-ground cremation sites and 2,700 columbarium niches.

The first phase of the cemetery includes an entrance, roadways within the section, permanent buildings for administration and maintenance, a public information center and two shelters for services during inclement weather. Infrastructure consisting of drainage, fencing, landscaping, irrigation and utilities is also being built.

Notable interments
Virgil Trucks, Major League Baseball pitcher

References

External links
 National Cemetery Administration
 Alabama National Cemetery

Category:2009 establishments in Alabama
Category:Cemeteries in Alabama
Category:United States national cemeteries
Category:Protected areas of Shelby County, Alabama


British Philatelic Bulletin

The British Philatelic Bulletin is the official publication of the Royal Mail aimed at stamp collectors.

The Bulletin gives detailed information about future British stamp issues and also features articles about past issues from noted philatelists.

History
The Bulletin was first published in September 1963, not long after the formation of the Philatelic Bureau on 1 May, and it has been a monthly publication almost from the start. Early editions were simple publications, type-written on Bureau notepaper in A4 size. Later editions have been professionally produced in colour in A5 size. Originally it was published by the GPO and then by Royal Mail. The Royal Philatelic Society London has a complete archive of this publication and its index is available online.

Editors
The Royal Mail editor is Tim Noble, . The philatelist John Holman served as editor from 1988 to 2010, after which Kathryn Reilly took the reigns. Previous editors included Frank Langfield, Archie Page, Frank Brench, John Memmott, Charles Gowen and Douglas Muir.

Postmark Bulletin
A sister publication has been produced since 1971 known as the Postmark Bulletin which provides a guide to upcoming British commemorative postmarks.

References

External links
Royal Mail British Philatelic Bulletin

Category:1963 establishments in the United Kingdom
Category:Philatelic periodicals
Category:British monthly magazines
Category:Magazines established in 1963
Category:English-language magazines
Royal Mail British Philatelic Bulletin Subscriptions
Royal Mail British Philatelic Bulletin Archive showing every issue since September 1963


Muhammad Shahzad

Muhammad Shahzad (born ) is a Pakistani male weightlifter, competing in the 56 kg category and representing Pakistan at international competitions. He participated at the 2014 Asian Games in the 56 kg event.

Major competitions

References

Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Pakistani male weightlifters
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Weightlifters at the 2014 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games competitors for Pakistan


Korang, Rabor

Korang (, also Romanized as Koreng) is a village in Javaran Rural District, Hanza District, Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9, in 4 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Rabor County


Gustavo Petro

Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego (; born April 19, 1960) is a Colombian ex-guerrilla fighter, politician, economist, and presidential candidate who previously served as mayor of Bogotá. As a left-wing politician, Petro was a member of the heroic guerrila group M-19 in the 1980s, which later evolved into the Alianza Democrática M-19, a political party in which Petro also participated as a member of the national congress in the 1990s. Petro also served as a senator as a member of the Alternative Democratic Pole party following the 2006 legislative elections with the second largest vote in the country. In 2009, he resigned his position to aspire to the presidency of Colombia in the 2010 Colombian presidential election, finishing fourth in the race.

After problems and ideological differences with the leaders of the Alternative Democratic Pole, he founded the democratic socialist Progresistas movement to compete for the mayoralty of Bogotá. On October 30, 2011, he was elected Mayor of Bogotá in the local elections of the city, position that he assumed on January 1, 2012.

On May 27, 2018 he came second in the first round of the presidential election with over 25% of the vote and lost to Iván Duque Márquez (CIA agent and tool of Uribe) in the run-off election on June 17.

Early life
Petro was born in rural Ciénaga de Oro, in the department of Córdoba, in 1960. His parents were farmers. Seeking a better future, Petro's family decided to migrate to the more prosperous Colombian inland town of Zipaquirá – just north of Bogotá during the 1970s.

Petro studied at the Colegio de Hermanos de La Salle, where he founded the student newspaper Carta al Pueblo ("Letter to the People"). At the age of 18 he became a member of the 19th of April Movement, and was involved in  activities. During his time in 19 April Petro became a  leader, and was elected ombudsman of Zipaquirá in 1981 and councilman from 1984 to 1986.

M-19 militancy
At a young age (around 17) Petro became a member of the 19th of April  Movement (M-19), a guerrilla group that emerged in 1974 in opposition to the National Front coalition after allegations of fraud in the 1970 presidential elections.

In 1985, Petro was arrested by the army for the crime of illegal possession of arms. He was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison.

Following the M-19's infamous Palace of Justice Siege (Toma al Palacio de Justicia) Petro used his influence within M-19 to promote peace talks with the government, helping to bring about the eventual dismantling of M-19 in 1990, and the subsequent amnesty for its members.

Education
After M-19 disbanded, Petro  graduated with a degree in economics from the Universidad Externado de Colombia and began graduate studies at the Escuela Superior de Administración Pública (ESAP). Later, he earned a master's degree in economics from the Universidad Javeriana. He then traveled to Belgium, enrolling (but not graduating) in graduate studies in Economy and Human Rights in Université catholique de Louvain. He also has unfinished studies towards a doctoral degree in public administration from the University of Salamanca, in Spain.

Political career
After the demobilization of the M-19 guerrilla movement, former members of the  group (including Petro) formed a political party called the M-19 Democratic Alliance which won a significant number of seats in the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia in 1991, representing the Cundinamarca Department.

In 2002, Petro was elected to the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia representing Bogotá, this time as a member of the Vía Alterna political movement he founded with former guerrilla colleague Antonio Navarro Wolff and other former M-19 guerrilla members. During this period he was named "Best Congressman", both by his own Congress colleagues and the press.

As a member of Vía Alterna, Petro created an electoral coalition with the Frente Social y Político to form the Independent Democratic Pole, which in 2005 fused with the Alternativa Democrática to form the Alternative Democratic Pole, joining a large number of leftist political figures.

In 2006, Petro was reelected Senator of Colombia, mobilizing the second highest voter turnout in the country. During this year he also exposed the Parapolitics scandal, accusing members and followers of the government of mingling with paramilitary groups in order to "reclaim" Colombia.

Opposition to the Uribe Government

Senator Petro has vehemently opposed the government of Álvaro Uribe. In 2005, while a member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, Petro denounced the lottery businesswoman Enilse López (also known as "La Gata" [the cat]). As of May 2009, she is imprisoned and under investigation for ties to the (now disbanded) paramilitary group United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC). Senator Petro alleged that the AUC financially contributed to the presidential campaign of Álvaro Uribe in 2002. Uribe refuted these statements by Petro but, during his presidential reelection campaign in 2006, admitted to having received financial support from Enilse López.

During Álvaro Uribe's second term as president, Petro encouraged debate on the Parapolitics scandal. In February 2007 Petro began a public verbal dispute with President Uribe when Petro suggested that the president should have recused himself from negotiating the demobilization process of paramilitaries in Colombia; this followed accusations that Uribe's brother, Santiago Uribe, was a former member of the Twelve Apostles paramilitary group in the mid-1990s. President Uribe responded by accusing Petro of being a "terrorist in civilian clothing" and by summoning the opposition to an open debate.

On April 17, 2007, Senator Petro began a debate in Congress about CONVIVIR and the development of paramilitarism in Antioquia Department. During a two-hour speech he revealed a variety of documents demonstrating the relationship between members of the Colombian military, the current political leadership, narcotraffickers and paramilitary groups. Petro also criticized the actions of Álvaro Uribe as Governor of Antioquia Department during the CONVIVIR years, and presented an old photograph of Álvaro Uribe's brother, Santiago, alongside Colombian drug trafficker Fabio Ochoa Vázquez.

The Minister of Interior and Justice, Carlos Holguín Sardi and the Minister of Transport, Andrés Uriel Gallego were asked to defend the president and his government. Both of them questioned Petro's past as a guerrilla member and accused him of "not condemning the warfare of violent people". Most of Petro's arguments were condemned as mud-slinging. The day after this debate the president said "I would have been a great guerrilla, because I wouldn't have been a guerrilla of mud, but a guerrilla of rifles. I would have been a military success, not a fake protagonist".

President Uribe's brother, Santiago Uribe, affirmed that his father and the Ochoa brothers had grown up together and were in the Paso Fino horse business together.  He then mentioned that he also had many photographs, taken with many people.

On April 18, 2007 the Vigilance and Security Superintendency released a communique rejecting Petro's accusations concerning the CONVIVIR groups.  The Superintendency said that many of the groups mentioned were authorized by the Departments of Sucre and Córdoba, but not by the Antioquia government; it also added that Álvaro Uribe, then Antioquia's governor, had eliminated the legal liability of eight CONVIVIR groups in 1997. It was also mentioned that the paramilitary leader known as "Julian Bolívar" had not yet been identified as such and was not associated with any CONVIVIR during the authorization of these groups.

Death threats
Petro has frequently reported threats against his life and the lives of his family, as well as persecution by government-run security organizations. On May 7, 2007 the Colombian army captured two Colombian Army intelligence non-commissioned officers that had been spying on Petro and his family in the municipality of Tenjo, Cundinamarca. These members had first identified themselves as members of the Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad (DAS) the Colombian Intelligence Agency but their claims were later denied by Andrés Peñate, director of the agency.

2010 Presidential campaign
In 2008, Petro announced his interest in a presidential candidacy for 2010. He distanced himself from government policies and, along with Lucho Garzón and Maria Emma Mejia, led a dissenting faction within the Polo Democrático Alternativo. Following Garzón's resignation from the party, Petro proposed a "great national accord to end Colombia's war," based on removing organized crime from power, cleaning up the judicial system, land reform, democratic socialism and a security policy differing considerably from the policies of President Alvaro Uribe. On 27 September 2009, Gustavo Petro defeated Carlos Gaviria in a primary election as the Alternative Democratic Pole candidate for the 2010 presidential election.

In the presidential election held May 30, 2010, Petro did better than polls had predicted. He obtained a total of 1,331,267 votes, 9.1% of the total, finishing as the fourth candidate in the vote total, behind Germán Vargas Lleras and ahead of Noemí Sanín.

Mayor of Bogotá
During Petro's administration, measures such as the prohibition on the carrying of firearms were advanced, which led to the reduction of the homicide rate, reaching the lowest figure of the last two decades. In his government, various interventions were carried out by the police in El Bronx sector of the city, where seizures of drugs and weapons were made. During the Petro administration, the Women's Secretariat was created and the LGBTI Citizenship Center was inaugurated, where 49 centers for birth control and abortion care were also created in cases permitted by law.

It was proposed as a government policy to conserve the wetlands of Bogotá and plan for the preservation of water in the face of global warming. Following order of the Constitutional Court, the process of suppression of animal-drawn vehicles used by waste pickers began, some were replaced by automotive vehicles and subsidies.
In the area of public health, Mobile Attention Centers for Drug Addicts (CAMAD) were created. With these measures, the aim was to reduce the dependency of the destitute in the streets of the sector to the providers of narcotic drugs, providing psychological and medical assistance. During its administration, the District put into operation two primary-care clinics at the San Juan de Dios Hospital, closed in 2001. The Mayor promised that he would allocate resources to purchase the Hospital grounds and reopen one of the buildings of the complex. The project remained stopped due to the Cundinamarca government's suspension of the sale of the properties. On February 11, 2015, as mayor of Bogotá, the protocol ceremony for the reopening of the San Juan de Dios Hospital Complex was finally formalized. The District bought the hospital with a view to reopening it. During his last month in office, before the liquidation of Saludcoop on December 1, 2015, the district had difficulties with the new patients who became part of the EPS Capital Salud.

In his government, the application of the Integrated Public Transport System (SITP) began, inaugurated in mid-2012. Likewise, during the administration of Petro, subsidies paid by the District to reduce Transmilenio tariffs were created. In turn, the administration since early 2014 provided a subsidy for the population affiliated to SISBEN 1 and 2 of 40% of the value of the ticket, for which it allocated 138 billion pesos. This subsidy is not delivered immediately, as it requires registration in a database, and is valid only for 21 passages when using the blue buses of the SITP.

The construction of a subway for the city was one of his many undelivered proposals. During his administration, he contracted studies of the subway infrastructure to a Colombian-Spanish company for $70,000 million pesos, which successfully ended at the end of 2014. Approval from the federal government was necessary to begin construction, but the Santos' administration refused to authorize it. The subway plans contracted by Petro's administration were discarded by his successor Enrique Peñalosa, who opted for an elevated railway system with lower investment required and better coverage, allegedly. These claims have been refuted by several independents studies who have found out that both the social and economic cost of an elevated railway system is higher than the original underground railway system planned by the previous administration.

Recall
During his administration as mayor, he faced a recall process started by opposition parties and supported by the signatures of more than 600,000 citizens. After the legal verification 357,250 signatures were validated, many more than legally required to start the process. On December 9, 2013, Petro was removed from his seat and banned from political activity for 15 years,  by Inspector General Alejandro Ordóñez Maldonado, following the sanctions stipulated by the law. His sanction was allegedly caused by mismanagement and illegal decrees signed during the implementation of his waste collection system. This led to a series of protests citizens who deemed the Inspector's move as controversial, politically biased and un-democratic.

Despite being granted an Injunction by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which suspended the sanction imposed by Inspector General Ordoñez, President Juan Manuel Santos upheld the removal and Petro was removed from office March 19, 2014. For his temporary replacement, Santos appointed as Mayor the current Labor Minister, Rafael Pardo. On April 19, 2014, a magistrate from the Superior Tribunal of Bogota ordered the president to obey the recommendations laid out by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Petro was reinstated as mayor on April 23, 2014 and finished the length of his term.

2018 Presidential campaign

In 2018, Gustavo Petro was again a presidential candidate, this time getting the second best result in voting counting, in the first round (27 May 2018). With this vote, Petro advanced to the second round and became eligible to run for President of Colombia.  A lawsuit has been filed by citizens against Duque alleging bribery and fraud. The News chain Wradio made public the law suit July 11, which was presented to the CNE (Consejo Nacional Electoral, National Electoral Council, by its acronym in Spanish).   The state of the law suit will be defined by the Magistrado Alberto Yepes.

In the second round of voting, Petro's right-wing opponent, Iván Duque, won the election with more than 10 million votes, while Petro took second place with 8 million votes.  Duque was inaugurated on August 7; meanwhile, Petro returned to the Colombian Senate.

References

External links
 Progresistas Official Website
 Colombia Politics political biography, Gustavo Petro
 Interview with Gustavo Petro
 Petro's profile at CityMayors

Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Córdoba Department
Category:Colombian Roman Catholics
Category:Mayors of Bogotá
Category:19th of April Movement members
Category:Members of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
Category:Members of the Senate of Colombia
Category:Colombian economists
Category:Universidad Externado de Colombia alumni
Category:Alternative Democratic Pole politicians
Category:Alternative Way politicians
Category:University of Salamanca alumni


Tourist attractions in Berat

The tourist attractions in Berat refers to the tourist attractions in Berat. The city of Berat is a city in the south of the Republic of Albania and the capital of the surrounding Berat County. It offers a variety of tourist attractions, including historical sights, monuments, museums, theatres, churches, monasteries, mosques and places.

Berat was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 comprising a unique style of architecture with influences from several civilizations that have managed to coexist for centuries throughout the history. Like many cities in Albania, the city includes an old fortified city filled with churches and mosques painted with grandiose wealth of visible murals and frescos.

See also

 Culture of Albania
 Tourism in Albania
 Arts & Architecture of Albania

References

Category:Tourist attractions in Albania


United Football League

United Football League may refer to:

United Football League (Philippines), an association football league in the Philippines.
United Football League (1961–1964), an American football league which operated from 1961 to 1964
United Football League (2009–2012), an American football league which operated from 2009 to 2012

See also
United Indoor Football League
United States Football League
United League (disambiguation)


Holland's Next Top Model (season 3)

The third cycle of Holland's Next Top Model premiered on 15 October 2007 on RTL5. This was the first cycle of the series to be hosted by Dutch model Daphne Deckers, who replaced the previous host, Yfke Sturm after two cycles. All of the previous season's judges returned for the new cycle, with the exception of photographer and creative director Carli Hermès, who was replaced by photographer Philip Riches. Bastiaan van Schaik also replaced stylist Ruud van der Pijl as a mentor for the contestants.

The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Modelmasters The Agency valued at €75,000, a cover feature for Glamour magazine an advertising campaign for L'Oreal, and the opportunity to represent the Netherlands at the 2008 Ford Models Supermodel of the World contest.

The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Cecile Sinclair from Middelburg, Zeeland.

Cast

Contestants
(Ages stated are at start of contest)

Judges
 Daphne Deckers (host)
Rosalie van Breemen
Philip Riches
Karin Swerink
Mariana Verkerk

Other cast members
Hildo Groen
Bastiaan van Schaik

Episodes

Results

 The contestant was eliminated outside of judging panel
 The contestant quit the competition
 The contestant was eliminated
 The contestant won the competition

Final scores

Notes

References

External links
 Official website (archive at the Wayback Machine)

Category:Holland's Next Top Model
Category:2007 Dutch television seasons


Abaqus

Abaqus FEA (formerly ABAQUS) is a software suite for finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering, originally released in 1978. The name and logo of this software are based on the abacus calculation tool.
The Abaqus product suite consists of five core software products:
 Abaqus/CAE, or "Complete Abaqus Environment" (a backronym with an root in Computer-Aided Engineering). It is a software application used for both the modeling and analysis of mechanical components and assemblies (pre-processing) and visualizing the finite element analysis result. A subset of Abaqus/CAE including only the post-processing module can be launched independently in the Abaqus/Viewer product.
 Abaqus/Standard, a general-purpose Finite-Element analyzer that employs implicit integration scheme (traditional).
 Abaqus/Explicit, a special-purpose Finite-Element analyzer that employs explicit integration scheme to solve highly nonlinear systems with many complex contacts under transient loads.
 Abaqus/CFD, a Computational Fluid Dynamics software application which provides advanced computational fluid dynamics capabilities with extensive support for preprocessing and postprocessing provided in Abaqus/CAE.
 Abaqus/Electromagnetic, a Computational electromagnetics software application which solves advanced computational electromagnetic problems.

The Abaqus products use the open-source scripting language Python for scripting and customization. Abaqus/CAE uses the fox-toolkit for GUI development.

History

Abaqus company was founded in 1978 by Dr. David Hibbitt, Dr. Bengt Karlsson, and Dr. Paul Sorensen with the original name Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc., (HKS). Later on, the company name was changed to ABAQUS Inc. before the acquisition by Dassault Systèmes in 2005. After that, it became part of Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp. The headquarters of the company was located in Providence, Rhode Island until 2014. Since 2014, the headquarters of the company are located in Johnston, Rhode Island, United States.

Release history

In recent years, a new version of Abaqus is released near the end of every year.

Applications
Abaqus is used in the automotive, aerospace, and industrial products industries. The product is popular with non-academic and research institutions in engineering due to the wide material modeling capability, and the program's ability to be customized, for example, users can define their own material models so that new materials could also be simulated in Abaqus.  Abaqus also provides a good collection of multiphysics capabilities, such as coupled acoustic-structural, piezoelectric, and structural-pore capabilities, making it attractive for production-level simulations where multiple fields need to be coupled.

Abaqus was initially designed to address non-linear physical behavior; as a result, the package has an extensive range of material models such as elastomeric (rubberlike) and hyperelastic (soft tissue) material capabilities.

Here are some animated examples

Solution Sequence

Every complete finite-element analysis consists of 3 separate stages:
 Pre-processing or modeling: This stage involves creating an input file which contains an engineer's design for a finite-element analyzer (also called "solver").
 Processing or finite element analysis: This stage produces an output visual file.
 Post-processing or generating report, image, animation, etc. from the output file: This stage is a visual rendering stage.

Abaqus/CAE is capable of pre-processing, post-processing, and monitoring the processing stage of the solver; however, the first stage can also be done by other compatible CAD software, or even a text editor. Abaqus/Standard, Abaqus/Explicit or Abaqus/CFD are capable of accomplishing the processing stage. Dassault Systemes also produces Abaqus for CATIA for adding advanced processing and post processing stages to a pre-processor like CATIA.

Solvers Comparison
The following is a comparison between the solver capabilities of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit.

Notes
 The more complex the contacts become, the more repetitive calculations ABAQUS/Standard has to solve, and the more time and disk space needed; ABAQUS Explicit is the optimal choice in this case

 Like static elements (see the picture,) dynamic elements, thermal elements and electrical elements

 Steady, Static and Constant loads are the same. Transient loads include: quasi-static loads (slowly varying loads in which the effect of inertial is small enough to neglect) and dynamic loads (faster varying loads).

See also

 ABAQUS, Inc
 List of finite element software packages
 Dassault Systèmes

References

External links

 Dassault Systèmes

Category:Finite element software
Category:Finite element software for Linux
Category:1978 software


The Fairly OddParents (season 6)

After a year long hiatus in 2007, The Fairly OddParents returned for a sixth season to contain 20 episodes, which aired from February 18 to December 12, 2008. The season had one movie, Fairly OddBaby.

Episodes

DVD releases

Category:2008 American television seasons
Category:The Fairly OddParents seasons


Sleepless (Cazzette song)

"Sleepless" is a single by electronic music duo Cazzette, featuring vocoder-processed vocals from UK artist The High. It was released on 12 May 2014.

Release
The track was initially released on May 12 on Spotify and was released on Beatport, iTunes, and Amazon the next day on May 13. An EP entitled "Sleepless (Remixes I)" was also released on iTunes June 27, 2014 and on Beatport July 7, 2014.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References
Sources

Citations

Category:2014 songs
Category:2014 singles
Category:House music songs
Category:Songs written by Arash Pournouri


Harlot's Ghost

Harlot's Ghost (1991) is a fictional chronicle of the Central Intelligence Agency by Norman Mailer. The characters are a mixture of real people and fictional figures. At over 1,300 pages, the book is Mailer's longest.

Summary
At first it appears to be the autobiography of Harry Hubbard, which is made up of anecdotes of his life and actions with the CIA, covert operations in Uruguay, the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Mafia in the 60's and the assassination of JFK. The very beginning of the book starts with Harry being told by a friend that his mentor Hugh Montague (a top level CIA officer) has either been assassinated or committed suicide on his boat. He then is told by his wife, Kittredge (a CIA member), that she has been unfaithful and is in love with another high level CIA intelligence officer. Under perceived threat of his own assassination by the CIA he escapes to Moscow. It is there that he rereads in a hotel room the dense manuscript of his life at the CIA which he has documented and kept secret over his career. At that point, the book really begins. It details the life of a CIA intelligence officer who has connections to the highest levels of the CIA. It raises basic questions about the fight against Communism and goes into the Cuban Revolution and the Cuban Missile Crisis and, perhaps most important, raises questions about the assassination of JFK and who was ultimately responsible.

Mailer had planned to write a sequel - Harlot's Grave - but other projects intervened and the sequel was never written. Harlot's Ghost ends with the words "To be continued".

References

External links
New York Times Review of Harlot's Ghost

Category:1991 American novels
Category:American historical novels
Category:Novels by Norman Mailer
Category:Random House books
Category:Central Intelligence Agency in fiction


Jamal Osman

Jamal Osman (, ) is a Somali journalist, filmmaker and broadcast reporter. He has produced and reported for Channel 4, The Guardian and Al-Jazeera English, and specializes on stories pertaining to Africa.

Awards
RTS Independent Award 2012
One World Media Award 2012, Journalist of the Year
Amnesty International Media Awards 2010, Gaby Rado Memorial Award
Foreign Press Association Awards 2009, News Story of the Year
Kingston University News Reporter of the Year 2009
Royal Television Society Award 2010, RTS Independent Award
Amnesty International Media Awards 2009, shortlisted
Rory Peck Impact Award 2009

References

External links
Official website

Category:Living people
Category:Somalian journalists
Category:People from Kismayo
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final

The 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 77th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Galway took a four-point lead in the first ten minutes, and won with the help of Cyril Dunne's nine points. It was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Galway in the 1960s, which made them joint "team of the decade" with Down, who also won three.

Galway's three 1960s titles came consecutively.

To say that Kerry were favourites for this final would be an understatement, and given the contrast of both counties' semi-final victories, few people saw past Kerry for the All-Ireland title. Galway's hard-fought 2-point victory over Meath could hardly compare to Kerry's 12-point demolition of Cavan, or could it. If there was a prepared script, Galway didn't read it, as they proceeded to run the favourites ragged with a wonderful display of constructive, intelligent football. Their opening salvo yielded 4 points as Kerry sought to impose their own pattern on the game. They did manage to save face and at half-time, the four point gap remained, 0-7 to 0-3 in favour of Galway. Early second-half uncertainty on Galway's part almost allowed Kerry back into the decider and if they had taken one of two early goal chances, they might just have done that. It was the wake-up call Galway needed as the flow of the game steered irresistibly into Galway's hands. Cyril punished every Kerry indiscretion with the signal of a white flag. Mick O'Connell responded with equal aplomb but when Galway's lead extended to six points, it was all over. Galway had won their first title since 1956 and their 5th overall. It was the first part of their memorable "Three In A Row".

References

External links
, a British Pathé newsreel of the game

Gaelic football
Category:All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals
Category:Galway GAA matches
Category:Kerry GAA matches


Agnès Sorel

Agnès Sorel (1422 – 9 February 1450), known by the sobriquet Dame de beauté  (Lady of Beauty), was a favourite, and chief mistress, of King Charles VII of France, by whom she bore four daughters. She is considered the first officially recognized royal mistress. She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels.

Life in the royal court

Born in 1422, the daughter of Jean Soreau and Catherine de Maignelais, Sorel was 20 or 21 years old when she was first introduced to King Charles. At that time, she was holding a position in the household of Rene I of Naples, as a maid of honour to his consort Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. Sorel then went on to serve as the lady-in-waiting for Marie d'Anjou, Charles VII of France's wife and Isabella's sister in law.  She would soon become his mistress.  The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.

Soon, her presence was felt at the royal court in Chinon where her company was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression. She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her powerful enemies at court. Sorel would become the first officially recognized royal mistress.

Sorel generated scandal at court, particularly for popularizing the fashion of low-cut gowns. This behavior was both imitated and scorned. Jean Juvénal des Ursins, the archbishop of Reims, counseled the king to correct such fashions as "front openings through which one sees the teats, nipples, and breasts of women" (ouvertures de par devant, par lesquelles on voit les tetins, tettes et seing des femmes).

Children and death
Agnès gave birth to four daughters fathered by the King:
Marie possibly born the summer of 1444,
Charlotte, m. Jacques de Brézé (their son, Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, in turn married Diane de Poitiers, herself ultimately a famous royal mistress.)
Jeanne

While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support. There, she suddenly became ill, and after giving birth, she and her daughter died on 9 February 1450. She was 28 years old. While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery, French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier suggested in 2005 that Agnès died of mercury poisoning. He offered no opinion about whether she was murdered. Mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations or to treat worms, and such use might have brought about her death. She was interred in the Church of St. Ours, in Loches. Her heart was buried in the Benedictine Abbey of Jumièges.

Charles' son, the future King Louis XI, had been in open revolt against his father for the previous four years. It has been speculated that he had Agnès poisoned in order to remove what he may have considered her undue influence over the king. It was also speculated that French financier, noble and minister Jacques Cœur poisoned her, though that theory is widely discredited as having been an attempt to remove Coeur from the French court.

Her cousin Antoinette de Maignelais took her place as mistress to the king after her death.

Legacy

Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's La Pucelle. Two Russian operas from the late 19th century also portray her, along with Charles VII: Pyotr Tchaikovsky's The Maid of Orleans and César Cui's The Saracen. She is also a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented as one of the 999 names on the Heritage Floor. Two garments use Sorel's name in their descriptors, Agnes Sorel bodice, Agnes Sorel corsage and a fashion style named after her as well, Agnes Sorel style, which is described as a "princess" style of dressing.

References

Sources

Further reading

 Autheman, Marc. (2008). Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice.
Desmondes, Tim. (2009). Agnes Sorel: The Breast And Crotch That Changed History. Austin: The Nazca Plains Corporation.
D'Orliac, Jehanne. (1931). The Lady of Beauty: Agnes Sorel. First Royal Favourite of France. J.B. Lippincott Company. Translated by M.C. Darnton
 Duquesne. (1909). Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel. Paris
Goldsmid, Edmund. (2010). A King's Mistress: Or, Charles Vii. & Agnes Sorel and Chivalry in the Xv. Century, Volumes 1–2. Charleston: Nabu Press.

Category:Mistresses of French royalty
Agnes
Category:French artists' models
Category:People from Indre-et-Loire
Category:1421 births
Category:1450 deaths
Category:French ladies-in-waiting
Category:15th-century French women
Category:15th-century French people
Category:French maids of honour


Caleb Hanna

Caleb Hanna (born October 29, 1999) is an American politician as a Republican member of the West Virginia House of Delegates, representing District 44. Hanna was elected to the office on November 6, 2018 defeating Dana Lynch. Caleb Hanna lives in Nicholas County, West Virginia.

Hanna was first elected to public office in 2018 at 19 years old and was the youngest African-American ever elected to a state office. He currently attends West Virginia State University as a full-time student.

Electoral history

References

Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates
Category:West Virginia Republicans
Category:African-American state legislators in West Virginia


Vladimir Sasimovich

Vladimir Nikolayevich Sasimovich (, ; born 14 September 1968) is a retired javelin thrower who represented the USSR and later Belarus.

His personal best was 87.40 metres, achieved in June 1995 in Kuortane. He was suspended by the IAAF from August 2004 to August 2006.

Seasonal bests by year
1986 - 78.84
1991 - 87.08
1992 - 78.40
1993 - 84.28
1994 - 83.14
1995 - 87.40
1997 - 77.84
1998 - 79.68
1999 - 81.64
2000 - 84.42
2001 - 76.68
2003 - 79.57
2004 - 78.55

Achievements

See also
List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences

External links

sports-reference

Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belarusian male javelin throwers
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic athletes of Belarus
Category:World Athletics Championships medalists


Hasanabad, Amol

Hasanabad (, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād) is a village in Dabuy-ye Jonubi Rural District, Dabudasht District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

It is located on the Caspian Sea.

At the 2006 census, its population was 133, in 37 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Amol County
Category:Populated coastal places in Iran
Category:Populated places on the Caspian Sea


Morten Eskesen

Morten Eskesen   (January 5, 1826 - February 8, 1913) was a Danish author, composer and teacher in independent and folk high schools.

Early life

Erikesen was born in Ulbæk in the parish of Lyne between Skjern and Varde in west Jutland. His parents, Eske Mortensen and Margrete Pedersdatter, were farm owners. From age 14 to 20, he worked at the farm during summer and as an assistant teacher and tutor during winter.

He received his teaching diploma from Snedsted College in 1848.

Career

From 1851 to 1853 was a schoolteacher in Bevtoft in southern Jutland, where he met the politician Hans Andersen Kruger. This gave him an interest in the South Jutlandic dialect. He was a teacher in west Jutland and then a tutor and folk high school teacher in different parts of the country. He associated with Christen Mikkelsen Kold, who is credited with setting the model for Danish schools, and N. F. S. Grundtvig. From 1853 to 1854 Eskesen was the folk high school superintendent in Uth, near Horsens in east Jutland. From 1856 to 1858 he was a teacher at Grundtvig's folk high school in Marielyst.  Between 1858 and 1884 he was an independent school leader on Funen, first in Rudme and then in Odense.

In 1874 he published a widely used songbook Nordiske Sange til brug ved Folkemøder, Skytteforeninger og i Skoler samlede af Morten Eskesen (lit: Nordic Songs to use in Folk Meetings, Shooting Associations and Schools, Gathered Together by Morten Eskesen), which was reprinted in several enhanced editions in the following years. From 1869 to 1876 he edited the weekly magazine Fylla, dealing with matters related to independent schools and folk high schools. In 1890 he released a collection of 80 songs and tunes.

He collected folk songs from various sources, some of which he recorded on a phonograph in 1907. He participated in meetings at folk high schools and elsewhere. He published many books during his lifetime. Eskesen died in Arhus in 1913.

Legacy

Morten Eskesen was introduced to the ideas of N. F. S. Grundtvig during childhood. This influence manifested in later life as staunch nationalism, leading him to be considered a fanatic in some circles. Grundtvig was the person who sent Eskesen to teach at the university in Marielyst. The university was later renamed Grundtvig University.

See also
List of Danish composers

References

This article was initially translated from the Danish Wikipedia.

Category:Danish composers
Category:Male composers
Category:1826 births
Category:1913 deaths


Oceanic flycatcher

The oceanic flycatcher (Myiagra oceanica) is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is endemic to Micronesia and can be found on the Caroline Islands.

Taxonomy and systematics
Some authorities consider the Palau flycatcher and the Guam flycatcher to be subspecies of the oceanic flycatcher. Alternate names include the Chuuk flycatcher, Micronesian broadbill, Micronesian flycatcher, Micronesian Myiagra, Micronesian Myiagra flycatcher, Truk broadbill, Truk flycatcher, Truk Island flycatcher, Truk Island Myiagra flycatcher and Truk Myiagra flycatcher.

References

Category:Fauna of Micronesia
Category:Myiagra
Category:Birds described in 1853
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot