Mount Mummery

Mount Mummery is a 3,331-meter (10,928-foot) glaciated double summit mountain located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is the highest point in the Mummery Group, and fourth-highest in the Freshfield Icefield Ranges. The mountain is situated  north of Golden on the southern edge of the Freshfield Icefield, in the Blaeberry Valley, less than  from the Continental Divide. The mountain was named in 1898 by J. Norman Collie after Albert F. Mummery (1855-1895), a famous British mountaineer who perished attempting to climb Nanga Parbat in the Himalayas. Collie named many peaks in the Canadian Rockies, and was a climbing companion who accompanied Mummery on the Nanga Parbat expedition. Around the same time, nearby Nanga Parbat Mountain was also named by Collie. Mount Mummery's name was officially adopted March 31, 1924, when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1906 by I. Tucker Burr Jr, Samuel Cabot Jr, W. Rodman Peabody, Robert Walcott, with guides Gottfried Feuz and Christian Kaufmann.

Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Mummery is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the Mummery Glacier drains into Blaeberry River and Waitabit Creek, which are both tributaries of the Columbia River.

See also
Geology of the Rocky Mountains
Geography of British Columbia

References

External links
 Weather: Mount Mummery

Mummery
Mummery
Mummery


Allard Oosterhuis

Allard Lambertus Oosterhuis (19 July 1902 in Delfzijl - 1 January 1967 in Killiney) was a Dutch resistance hero during World War II.

In 1922, Oosterhuis went to Amsterdam to study medicine and after his study he became a doctor in Delfzijl. Thanks to his work as a cruiser, with his ships Cascade and Libelle, he was able to put up a smuggling route for the resistance between the harbour of Delfzijl and Stockholm. An important colleague of his in the Dutch resistance was the coaster-captain Harry Roossien who made many trips during the war. Due to these activities many people and materials left occupied Netherlands, and radio transmitters, photos from the Dutch Queen and money for the resistance were shipped into the country.

Oosterhuis was the leader of the resistance group 't Zwaantje (The Swan) from Delfzijl. The name comes from a pub named De witte Zwaan (The White Swan]) which Oosterhuis regular visited. He used the name Zwaantje as a codename in the illegal documentation he sent to the resistance and the allies.

On 12 July 1943 the German Sicherheitsdienst rolled up the resistance group after they were betrayed. Despite a collective death sentence on 23 June 1944, most of the members survived the war in captivity in German warcamps. They were liberated in autumn 1945.

After the war, Oosterhuis, due to health reasons, quit his profession as a doctor and became a cruiser with his ship MS Stientje Mensinga, a rebuilt landing vehicle from 1943. The ship sunk during a heavy storm on the Irish coast by Erritshead in 1961.

In 1952, he settled permanently in Ireland and received the Bronze Cross for bravery against the occupier during World War II. He died age 64 in Ireland and was buried in Delfzijl.

In 1970, a resistance monument named 't Zwaantje' was revealed in Delfzijl.

Literature
 De verzetsgroep Zwaantje; oorlogsbelevenissen van dr. Allard Oosterhuis. Verteld door J.Klatter, uitgeverij N.V. Het Parool, Amsterdam 1968.

External links
 Artikel over het Verzetsmonument "Het Zwaantje" ter nagedachtenis aan Oosterhuis en collega's.

Category:1902 births
Category:1967 deaths
Category:Dutch Resistance members
Category:People from Delfzijl


TEAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 6865

TEAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 6865 (TIM6865) was a short-haul domestic passenger service between Macaé and Rio de Janeiro that flew into a mountain on 31 March 2006. The aircraft, a Let L-410 Turbolet, was conducting a VFR approach to Macaé Airport with 17 passengers and 2 crew on board when it hit the top of Pico da Pedra Bonita in Brazil. Everyone on board was killed in the crash. Brazilian investigative team CENIPA concluded that the VFR approach was inadequate, stating that the visibility at the time was not good enough for a VFR approach.

Flight
TEAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 6865 was operated by TEAM Linhas Aéreas, a domestic airline based in Rio de Janeiro. It was a daily scheduled domestic flight from Macaé in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro to the city of the same name. The Let L-410 bore the Brazilian registration of PT-FSE and was carrying 19 people, consisting of 2 crew and 17 passengers.

The flight took off from Macaé at 17:19 local time. At the time, it was operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) with an estimated time of arrival at 18:02. After taking off from Macaé, the crew stated their intention to cancel their IFR flight plan and added that they wanted to continue the flight under visual flight rules (VFR). This cancellation was approved by an air traffic controller.

As bad weather approached, the crew descended to 2,000 ft. The crew had banked the aircraft to the left when it struck tree tops and slammed into the top of Pico da Pedra Bonita, near the municipality of Rio Bonito. The impact killed everyone on board.

Investigation
Brazilian investigation team CENIPA was involved in the investigation and conducted a 12-month-long investigation into the crash. The final report was released on 19 March 2007, concluding that the crash was categorized as Controlled Flight Into Terrain and was caused by pilot error. The condition of the weather in the area at the time was bad, and it was impossible to make a VFR flight, according to CENIPA. However, the crew of Flight 6865 intentionally changed from IFR to VFR while the visibility was limited. Before the flight, the crew didn't know the weather ahead of them. CENIPA also blamed the crew's poor decision-making, stating that there was inadequate assessment which caused them to fly at a lower altitude than a safe limit.

References

Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Brazil
Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2006
Category:2006 in Brazil
Category:March 2006 events in South America
Category:Rio de Janeiro (state)


The British Journal of Nursing

The British Journal of Nursing was a medical journal covering nursing. In addition to academic material on nursing and hospitals, the journal provided information on people and events as well as photographs and advertisements.

History and availability
It was established in 1888 as The Nursing Record, obtaining its final title in 1902. The journal was discontinued in 1956.

The journal was acquired in 1893 by Bedford Fenwick and his wife, Ethel Gordon Fenwick, the founder of the Royal British Nurses' Association, who used it to support the campaign for the official registration of nurses.

All issues of the journal are available online, having been digitised in 2001 following a grant from the Wellcome Trust.

Current Version
There has been a new version of the title published by MA Healthcare Ltd. since at least 1992.  It does not appear to be connected to the older title.

See also

 List of nursing journals

References

External links
 archive of issues on the Royal College of Nursing website
 Current title version website.
 Archive of current title version.

Category:Defunct journals of the United Kingdom
Category:English-language journals
Category:General nursing journals
Category:Publications disestablished in 1956
Category:Publications established in 1888


Shamha Ahmed

Shamha Ahmed (born 8 April 1982 in Male’) is an Athlete from the Maldives who represents the country in Athletics.

Career
Born to a family of 8, Shamha first competed in the Inter House Athletics Meet where she broke the Maldives 100m record in 1998, finishing at a time of 13:20s.

Shamha first represented Maldives in 1998 at the Junior World Championship in Annecy, France. In 2000, she competed in the 100 meters sprint in the year 2000 Sydney Olympics, Australia. She ran in first round of the main event with her a time of 12.87s. In 2001, Shamha broke the National record by finishing the race at 12.27s at the World Championships, Edmonton Canada

The athlete took a break from athletics in 2004 to move to Germany, where she lives now with her sons, Luca Hansen and Jonah Hansen.

In March, 2014, Shamha broke the Half Marathon National Record at the World Half Marathon Championship, Copenhagen, Denmark finishing the race at 1:42:04s.

Shamha won her first Bronze Medal at the 2015 Indian Ocean Island Games, finishing the 10000m race at 45:12:36, being the first female athlete to win a medal for the Maldives in an International Games and also setting a new National Record for 10000m.

The Maldives team set a National Record for 4x100m relay at the 2016 South Asian Games. Shamha was amongst the four who completed the race along with Afa Ismail, Aminath Nazra and Mirfath Ahmed.

The Athletes set National Record for 5 km in February 2017, at the Hardter Carnival Run finishing at a time of 22:34s.

National Records

Achievements

See also
List of Maldivian records in athletics

References

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Maldivian female athletes


Mount Barrow

Mount Barrow (Aboriginal: Pialermeliggener) is a mountain in the northern region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of  above sea level, the mountain is located  east-north-east of Launceston. The mountain habitat is a mixture of temperate old growth rainforest, subalpine and alpine landscapes.

Location and features

Mount Barrow is a Jurassic dolerite-capped plateau with widespread block fields and a sharp summit ridge at the north-eastern end. It is the closest alpine mountain to Launceston - the plateau extends to  and reaches a maximum altitude of  above sea level, making it the second highest peak in eastern Tasmania. The road to the summit is periodically closed in winter due to snow; near the summit this becomes a narrow gravel road leading to a parking area, with an old stone hut nearby. The snow line is located at around .

The mountain is in lands once occupied by Tasmanian Aborigines and lies at the border of country occupied by the Ben Lomond Nation, to the south; the Letteremairener Clan, in the Tamar Valley and the Pyemmairrenerpairrener clan, to the north-east.

Nomenclature

It is probable that the indigenous name for the mountain was pialermeliggener, transcribed by G.A. Robinson when he was searching the upper Pipers River area.  pialermeliggener is sometimes used to describe nearby Mt Arthur, but examination of Robinson's travels and the translation of the aboriginal word (with the suffix meaning cliffs or scree near summit) accord with the exposed cliffs on most faces of Mt Barrow.

The feature is shown as Row Tor on some maps of the area in the early 1800s although,  confusingly, this is most often used as the early toponym for nearby Mt Arthur.

The modern name is believed to have been for Sir John Barrow, a British Admiralty official.  It is probable that Lieutenant-Governor Franklin named the mountain in Sir John Barrow's honour; as the two were likely acquainted and the mountain first appears as such on maps during Franklin's Governorship.
Confusing the issue further, Mt Barrow is named  'Ben Loder' in John Glover's 1836 painting and the mountain is further mentioned in newspaper print several times as 'Mount Barron' - and may have been known colloquially as such in the 19th Century.

Cartography of the Mount Barrow region
Versions of Flinders' 1798 map, adapted in 1825, clearly show the Mt Barrow region depicted as Row Tor; however, maps of 1843 onwards clearly shows Mount Barrow marked in its present location and adds 'Row Tor' as the foothills slightly west towards Launceston. Later maps of the north-east show Row Tor as occupying the present day location of Mt Arthur, it's possible that originally Row Tor was the colloquial name for the broader north-east highlands region and the separate massifs of present-day Mount Arthur and Mount Barrow were delineated cartographically in the 1840s.

History of the Mount Barrow area

The mountain formed an imposing barrier to settlers for long into the 19th Century and the steep and rainforested country behind the mountain was visited infrequently.  In the 1830s the country was explored by George Robinson and the botanist Robert William Lawrence, who both commented on the steep and difficult country.
The hinterland was subject to scientific exploration by Paul Strzelecki in 1846  and prospectors gradually opened up the rugged country in the north-east after that time.

By the late 1870s settlement had made inroads into the surrounding valleys and the forests began to be exploited for their wood, as well as clearing country for emerging settlements such as Nunamara, Patersonia and Diddleum Plains.

A state reserve on Mount Barrow occupies  and is an important habitat for several threatened species. These include the Tasmanian Wedge-tailed Eagle, the spotted-tail quoll and Eastern quoll and the Mount Arthur Burrowing Crayfish. Marsupials regularly sighted on the mountain include wombats, pademelons, Bennett's wallabies and Forester kangaroos. The reserve also features a pleasant picnic ground with a nature trail beginning and ending there.

Numerous mountain streams are found across the escarpment and these can turn into substantial waterfalls after heavy snowfall.

Mount Barrow is the main television and FM radio transmission site for north east Tasmania. The broadcasting and telecommunication structures are subject to ice build up and have shields incorporated into their designs to prevent damage from falling ice. Due to the rugged terrain the programme reaches the sites via microwave links instead of the usual fibre optic cables. Electrical power reaches the facilities by an overhead line running up the eastern side of the mountain.

See also

 List of mountains in Tasmania

References

External links
 Mount Barrow State Reserve

Barrow
Barrow, Mount


Uszczonów

Uszczonów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jemielno, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately  north-west of Jemielno,  south-west of Góra, and  north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

References

Category:Villages in Góra County


Mauboussin M.200

__NOTOC__

The Mauboussin M.200 was a French racing monoplane built by Fouga. The M.200 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailskid landing gear. It had an enclosed cockpit for a pilot, and was powered by a Régnier  4E.0 engine. The aircraft first flew on 21 March 1939 and in May 1939 established new FAI records for an aircraft of its class.

Variants
M.200The first prototype of a single-seat training / racing aircraft, powered by a  Régnier 4E.0 inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine, first flown on 21 March 1939.
M.201A second airframe produced and supposed to be powered by a  Régnier 4E.0.
M.202A second flyable prototype which might use the airframe of M.201 powered by a  Régnier 4E.0, first flown in June 1941.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2435

External links
 Aviafrance article in French

Category:Mauboussin aircraft
Category:1930s French sport aircraft
Category:Low-wing aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1939


Brunswick Rally Badge

Brunswick Rally Badge, also known as the Badge of the SA Rally at Brunswick 1931 (Das Abzeichen vom SA - Treffen in Braunschweig 1931), was the third badge recognised as a national award of the NSDAP (Nazi Party). Through the regulations of 6 November 1936, a special Party Honour Badge commemorating the SA Assembly in Braunschweig on 17-18 October 1931 was created.

The rally
The event itself was a joint rally of Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) men put on to show both strength in strife-weary Germany and loyalty to their leader, Adolf Hitler. This was before Hitler came to national power as Chancellor of Germany in January, 1933. A total of 104,000 SA and SS men participated in a six hour march in review before Hitler and the first inspection of the SA Motor and NSKK (National Socialist Motor Corps) units. The (Braunschweig) Brunswick rally was hosted by SA-Gruppe Nord under the leadership of then SA-Gruppenführer Viktor Lutze. At the rally, the SA assured Hitler of their loyalty and Hitler in turn increased the size of the SA with the creation of 24 new Standarten (regiment-sized formations). Several years later in 1934, Hitler rewarded Lutze's loyalty by appointing him the commander of the SA succeeding Ernst Röhm as Stabschef, after Röhm was murdered during the Night of the Long Knives.

The badge
The badge was to commemorate the event that took place, and to honour the participants of the mass rally. To be able to obtain by purchase and wear the badge, the Party member had to have officially attended the rally. The badge could only be worn on the left breast side of a uniform. It was made in two types; Pattern 1: measured 37mm wide by 50mm high; it had the Party eagle at the top and an oak leaf wreath around the outside rim. At the bottom of the oak leaf wreath was a bow. Inside the wreath was inscribed, SA-Treffen Braunschweig 17./18. Oktober 1931. The second pattern measured 37mm wide by 52mm high but otherwise had the same basic design as the first pattern. Some early badges were stamped out of tin and were silver in colour. Later ones were stamped with a solid back and were grey in colour. The permission to wear the badge had to be confirmed by the Senior SA Party leader or above. The wearing of the badge could be revoked by SA-Stabschef Lutze or his successors.

In November 1936, Hitler gave new "orders" for the "Orders and Awards" of the Third Reich. The top NSDAP awards were listed in this order: 1. Coburg Badge; 2. Nuremberg (Nürnberg) Party Badge of 1929; 3. SA Rally Badge at Brunswick 1931; 4. Golden Party Badge; 5. Blood Order (Blutorden); followed by the Gau (territory) badges and the Golden Hitler Youth Badge.

Notes

References

Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany


Tioga, Illinois

Tioga is an unincorporated community in Walker Township, Hancock County, Illinois, United States.

Geography
Tioga is located at  at an elevation of 745 feet.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Category:Unincorporated communities in Hancock County, Illinois


Madadgaar

Madadgaar (English: Friend; Hindi: मददगार) is a 1987 Bollywood Action film, produced by Nirmal Anand under the BNT Films banner and directed by Ramesh Puri. It stars Jeetendra, Sulakshana Pandit in the pivotal roles and music composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal.

Plot
After a criminal friend uses him as a pawn in a gold smuggling scheme, honest and hardworking Anand (Jeetendra) bravely reports the crime, thus foiling the criminal plan. His bravery attracts the attention of Sunita (Sulakshana Pandit), the daughter of a wealthy industrialist, Sohanlal. The two fall in love, but Sohanlal disapproves of their alliance as Anand is a poor truck driver. Sunita chooses Anand over her father and this causes Sohanlal to suffer a heart attack. Gupta (Madan Puri), the legal advisor of Sohanlal takes full advantage of this situation to usurp Sohanlal's wealth. He along with an ex-convict, Raj (Ranjeet), sends Sohanlal to America for medical treatment, while on the other hand, he plans the killing of Sunita. Anand and Sunita must overcome the objections of Sunita's father, as well as the dangerous machinations of the devious Gupta and his thuggish henchman, Raj.

Cast
 Jeetendra as Anand
 Sulakshana Pandit as Sunita
 Amrish Puri as Sunita's Mama
 Aruna Irani as Guddi
 Madan Puri as Advocate Gupta
 Shakti Kapoor as Kader
 Manmohan Krishna as Sohanlal
 Lalita Pawar as Sohanlal's wife

Soundtrack

External links

Category:1980s Hindi-language films
Category:1987 films
Category:Indian films
Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal


Ayat Al-Qurmezi

Ayat Hassan Mohammed Al-Qurmezi (; the surname is also transcribed Al-Qormezi, al-Ghermezi) (born January 1, 1991, Sanad, Bahrain) is a poet and student at the University of Bahrain Teaching Institute in Bahrain.

Al-Qurmezi became famous in Bahrain and internationally after reading out a poem criticising Bahraini government policies to the Pearl Roundabout gathering of pro-democracy protesters. After the poem was widely circulated via social media she and her family were subjected to harassment and death threats.

She was arrested and detained in conditions of secrecy, and rumours of her death in custody led to protests by Iranian activists. She was subjected to torture while in custody but was eventually tried on charges of inciting hatred of the Bahraini regime and insulting members of the royal family. International human rights organisations described her detention and trial as illustrating the brutality of the Bahraini authorities.  She was sentenced to a term of imprisonment, which she was allowed to serve under house arrest.

Involvement in the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)

Public reading of poems
On Wednesday, February 23, 2011, during the early days of the Bahraini uprising (2011–present), Ayat Al-Qurmezi delivered a poem from the podium to the gathering of pro-democracy demonstrators at the Pearl Roundabout, that was critical of government policies and specifically those of Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, the prime minister of Bahrain.

On March 6, 2011, she read out another poem to the crowd at Pearl Roundabout which criticized King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. One verse included the lines: "We are the people who will kill humiliation and assassinate misery. Don't you hear their cries? Don't you hear their screams?" Another verse imagined a dialogue between the Devil and the King in which the Devil, Hamad's "best and most courageous pupil", says: “Hamad, your people have shaken me. Don't you hear their cries?”

The student quickly rose to fame through the media channels of YouTube, Twitter and through BlackBerry Messenger as her poem was spread throughout Bahrain and the rest of the world. Since then, Ayat has been exposed to several forms of harassment and death threats that included herself and her family. Her personal information has been published through emails and Blackberry messages. She has reportedly received numerous phone calls threatening her life and safety.

Arrest
On the morning of March 29, 2011, riot police accompanied by female police officers with orders to detain Ayat Al-Qurmezi forced their way into the family home. Not finding her there, the police proceeded to ransack the house, reportedly telling her mother that they intended to arrest Ayat “even if she is hidden in the depths of the earth”.

The next day Ayat Al-Qurmezi was arrested after police raided her parents' house a second time and forced four of Ayat's brothers at gunpoint to lie on the floor. After one police officer shouted at their father "If you do not tell us where Ayat is in fifteen minutes, we will kill each of your sons in front of your eyes – I have orders to do so". Ayat's parents felt they had no choice but to ask her to return home.

When she returned she was taken away in a car with two plain-clothes security officials, a man and a woman, both wearing masks. She subsequently reported how they began immediately to beat her, threatening that she would be raped and sexually assaulted and that degrading photographs of her would be posted on the internet.

The family described the days that followed as a period of intense psychological torture. The riot troops and police (whose identities had been concealed) who took Ayat away had told Ayat's mother Sa'ada that after she had been interrogated and signed some documents, the family would be allowed to collect her from Al-Howra police station and take her home. They heard nothing more.  Sa'ada went from police station to police station trying to obtain information about her daughter until she was eventually advised to file a missing persons report.  She complained about the absurdity of this advice when it was the police themselves who had taken Ayat away.

Pictures of Ayat began to turn up on dating and pornographic websites. The family heard rumours that she had been raped or been killed.

Eventually Sa'ada was allowed to speak to Ayat on the telephone. Ayat told her that she had been forced to sign a false confession. Sa'ada was told in confidence that Ayat was in a military hospital being treated for injuries inflicted while she was tortured. Ayat told her mother that she had been interrogated several times at the interrogation centre where she was taken after her arrest.

A video was broadcast on Bahraini state television of Ayat giving her name and saying that she was a Shia and hated Sunnis.

Ayat was expelled from university, apparently as part of a government purge of students and university employees accused of supporting the protests.

Local and International responses for arrest
Al-Wefaq, the main opposition political group whose 18 parliamentary representatives resigned in protest against the harsh measures taken against the pro-democracy protesters, described Ayat Al-Qurmezi's arrest as a "clear message that the government is against freedom of expression."
Amnesty International condemned the brutal behaviour of the Bahraini authorities and called for Ayat's release. Malcolm Smart, Amnesty International's Director for the Middle East and North Africa observed that:

He noted that Ayat al-Qarmezi had been put on trial merely for expressing her opinion, peacefully and openly, and describing her case as an appalling and sinister attack on free speech, he called for the charges against her to be dropped and for her to be released immediately.

English PEN, reminding the Bahraini authorities of their obligations to protect the right to freedom of expression guaranteed by Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Bahrain is an official state party, called for Ayat's immediate and unconditional release.
Supporters circulated petitions and called for the release of the "Freedom Poet" through blogs and social media.
The United Nations called for "an immediate cessation of trials of civilians in the court of national safety and an immediate release of peaceful demonstrators who were arrested in the context of the protest movement in February."

Following reports of Ayat Al-Qurmezi's rape and death in custody, there were protests by women in Iran and one of the vessels in a flotilla bringing Iranian activists to Bahrain to support the protesters was named after her. The Ayat Al-Qurmezi was intercepted and turned back by the Bahraini navy.

The Bahraini authorities defended the decision to detain and prosecute Ayat Al-Qurmezi on the grounds that her poem had called for "uprising and hatred against the leadership" and in Bahrain that was illegal.

Torture

Following her arrest Ayat Al-Qurmezi was detained for nine days in a tiny and extremely cold cell. She believed that from time to time a gas of some kind was circulated through the cell's air conditioning system which made her feel that she was suffocating. She was struck around the face with electric cable and made to clean lavatories with her bare hands. Some reports indicated that she was also threatened with rape. Throughout this time the police made no attempt to carry out any genuine interrogation. On June 21, 2011, she made a televised apology to the king and the prime minister.

According to Ayat Al-Qurmezi's brother, Yousif Mohammed, her treatment in prison improved during the period before the trial.

Trial
Ayat Al-Qurmezi was charged with "incitement to hatred of the regime", "insulting members of the royal family" and "illegal assembly".

After spending two months in custody she was tried by a security court at which no legal arguments were heard and her lawyer was not allowed to address the court.  On June 12, 2011, Al-Qurmezi was found guilty and sentenced to one year's imprisonment.  The court's ruling was denounced by opposition groups and Amnesty International, who said the verdict highlighted how free speech is "brutally denied" by Bahrain's authorities.

Release
On July 13, 2011, Al-Qurmezi was released from prison.  A crowd of hundreds greeted her on her return home to Sanad However, her sentence has not been revoked., where (as of October 2011) she remained under house arrest.  Her family fear she may be recalled to prison at any time as her sentence has not been revoked – she has not received an official pardon and her conviction has not been overturned on appeal.

Student Peace Prize
On 1 October 2014, it was announced that Al-Qurmezi was awarded the 2015 Student Peace Prize "for her unwavering struggle for democracy and human rights in Bahrain".

References

External links

 Watch, listen and read Ayat's poem
 Blog about Ayat Al-Qurmezi
 Bahraini poetess Ayat al-Qurmezi confirms torture

Category:1991 births
Category:Bahraini dissidents
Category:Living people
Category:Human rights in Bahrain
Category:People of the Bahraini uprising of 2011
Category:Bahraini human rights activists
Category:Bahraini torture victims
Category:Bahraini Shia Muslims


The Revenge (album)

The Revenge is the second album by Allen/Lande, hard rock supergroup Allen-Lande, a collaboration between vocalists Russell Allen and Jørn Lande, released on 2007. A follow-up to their first album The Battle, it features a more progressive metal-oriented sound.

Track listing

Personnel
Musicians
Russell Allen - lead and backing vocals
Jørn Lande - lead and backing vocals
Magnus Karlsson - guitars, bass guitar, keyboards
Jaime Salazar - drums

Production
Magnus Karlsson, Serafino Perugino - production
Dennis Ward - mixing
Rodney Matthews - cover art

References

Category:2007 albums
Category:Allen-Lande albums
Category:Frontiers Records albums
Category:Albums with cover art by Rodney Matthews
Category:Vocal duet albums


Model transformation language

A model transformation language in systems and software engineering is a language intended specifically for model transformation.

Overview
The notion of model transformation is central to model-driven development. A model transformation, which is essentially a program which operates on models, can be written in a general-purpose programming language, such as Java. However, special-purpose model transformation languages can offer advantages, such as syntax that makes it easy to refer to model elements. For writing bidirectional model transformations, which maintain consistency between two or more models, a specialist bidirectional model transformation language is particularly important, because it can help avoid the duplication that would result from writing each direction of the transformation separately.

Currently, most model transformation languages are being developed in academia. The OMG has standardised a family of model transformation languages called QVT, but the field is still immature.

Available transformation languages
 ATL : a transformation language developed by the INRIA
 Beanbag (see ) : an operation-based language for establishing consistency over data incrementally
 GReAT : a transformation language available in the GME
 Epsilon family (see ) : a model management platform that provides transformation languages for model-to-model, model-to-text, update-in-place, migration and model merging transformations.
 F-Alloy : a DSL reusing part of the Alloy syntax and allowing the concise specification of efficiently computable model transformations.
 Henshin (see ) : a model transformation language for EMF, based on graph transformation concepts, providing state space exploration capabilities
 JTL : a bidirectional model transformation language specifically designed to support non-bijective transformations and change propagation (see ).
 Kermeta : a general purpose modeling and programming language, also able to perform transformations
 Lx family (see ) : a set of low-level transformation languages
 M2M is the Eclipse implementation of the OMG QVT standard
 Mia-TL : a transformation language developed by Mia-Software
MOF Model to Text Transformation Language: the OMG has defined a standard for expressing M2T transformations
 MOLA (see ) : a graphical high-level transformation language built in upon Lx.
 MT : a transformation language developed at King's College, London (UK) (based  on Converge PL)
 QVT : the OMG has defined a standard for expressing M2M transformations, called MOF/QVT or in short QVT.
 SiTra  : a pragmatic transformation approach based on using a standard programming language, e.g. Java, C#
 Stratego/XT : a transformation language based on rewriting with programmable strategies
 Tefkat : a transformation language and a model transformation engine
 Tom : a language based on rewriting calculus, with pattern-matching and strategies
 UML-RSDS  : a model transformation and MDD approach using UML and OCL
 VIATRA : a framework for transformation-based verification and validation environment

See also
 Data transformation
 Domain-specific language (DSL)
 Filter (software)
 Model-driven engineering (MDE)
 Model-driven architecture (MDA)
 Template processor
 Transformation language
 Graph Transformation
 Web template
 XSLT - a standard language

References

Further reading
The MDA Journal: Model Driven Architecture Straight From The Masters
Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing, David S. Frankel, John Wiley & Sons,
OMG MDA Guide MDA Guide Version 1.0.1
Model-Driven Architecture: Vision, Standards And Emerging Technologies at omg.org
An Introduction to Model Driven Architecture at .com
From Object Composition to Model Transformation with the MDA at omg.org
 Mens, T, and Van Gorp, P: A Taxonomy of Model Transformation, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Volume 152, 27 March 2006, Pages 125-142
Czarnecki, K, and Helsen, S : Classification of Model Transformation Approaches. In: Proceedings of the OOPSLA'03 Workshop on the Generative Techniques in the Context Of Model-Driven Architecture, Anaheim, California, USA. Webpublished.
Gronmo, R, and Oldevik, J : An Empirical Study of the UML Model Transformation Tool (UMT).

External links

Category:Systems engineering
Category:Specification languages


Greg Townsend

Gregory Townsend Sr. (born November 3, 1961 in Los Angeles, California), is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round of the 1983 NFL Draft.

Townsend also played for the Philadelphia Eagles.

College career
He played college football at Texas Christian.

Professional career

Los Angeles Raiders
Townsend was drafted by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round of the 1983 NFL Draft. He was selected to 2 Pro Bowls, and he was a 4-time All-Pro selection. He won a Super Bowl ring with the Raiders in 1984. Townsend was suspended twice during his time with the Raiders. Once for his participation in a brawl versus the Kansas City Chiefs on October 5, 1986, and another for being caught with marijuana in 1988.

Philadelphia Eagles
In 1994, he signed with the Eagles.  He recorded 2 sacks during his lone season in Philadelphia.

Oakland Raiders
In 1997, he returned to the Raiders and played for the team that drafted him.

Legacy
Townsend is currently 23rd on the NFL's  all-time list for career sacks with 109.5.  He also recovered 8 fumbles and returned three of them for touchdowns.

Personal
His son, Greg Townsend, Jr., played defensive end at USC. and was signed as an undrafted free agent with Oakland Raiders.

In 2012, Townsend partnered with Celebrity Publishing to release his memoir entitled "All Time."

References

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Category:American football defensive ends
Category:American football linebackers
Category:American football defensive tackles
Category:TCU Horned Frogs football players
Category:Los Angeles Raiders players
Category:Philadelphia Eagles players
Category:Oakland Raiders players
Category:American Conference Pro Bowl players
Category:Super Bowl champions


Nothing Can Change This Love

"Nothing Can Change This Love" is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. It was released as a single on September 11, 1962 by RCA Victor. The song peaked at No. 2 on Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart, and also charted at No. 12 on the Hot 100. The song later got on the album Mr. Soul. The song also appears prominently in the Hulu miniseries 11.22.63, based on the novel by Stephen King.

Background
Cooke had first attempted to record "Nothing Can Change This Love" in an earlier session on February 15, 1962, with a decidedly more doo-wop flair. Recorded the night before he was to return to the road for tours, Cooke was determined to record the song, but was unable to get into the RCA studio until past midnight. The song was recorded in eight takes.

RCA issued the song as a single two and a half weeks later, and its sales rivaled that of Cooke's most recent success, "Bring It On Home to Me".

Personnel
"Nothing Can Change This Love" was recorded on August 23, 1962 at RCA Studio 1 in Hollywood, California. The musicians also recorded "I'm Gonna Forget About You" the same day. The session was conducted and arranged by René Hall, producers were Hugo & Luigi. Credits adapted from the liner notes to the 2003 compilation Portrait of a Legend: 1951–1964.

Sam Cooke – vocals
Edward Beal – piano
René Hall – guitar
Earl Palmer – drums
Joseph Coppin – cello
Frederick Seykora – cello
Allan Harshman – viola
Samuel Boghossian – viola
Israel Baker – violin
Robert Barené – violin

John DeVoogdt – violin
Harold Dickterow – violin
Elliot Fisher – violin
William Kurasch – violin
Leonard Malarsky – violin
Gareth Nuttycombe – violin
Isadore Roman – violin
Ralph Schaeffer – violin
Darrell Terwilliger – violin

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

References

External links

Category:1962 singles
Category:Sam Cooke songs
Category:Songs written by Sam Cooke
Category:1962 songs
Category:Song recordings produced by Hugo & Luigi
Category:Soul ballads
Category:RCA Victor singles


William F. House

William Fouts House (December 1, 1923 in Kansas City, Missouri – December 7, 2012 in Aurora, Oregon) was an American otologist, physician and medical researcher who developed and invented the cochlear implant. The cochlear implant is considered to be the first invention to restore not just the sense of hearing, but any of the absent five senses in humans.  Dr. House also pioneered approaches to the lateral skull base for removal of tumors, and is considered "the Father of Neurotology."

Biography
House was born on December 1, 1923, in Kansas City, Missouri, and moved to Whittier, California, when he was three years old. House completed pre-dental degrees at Whittier College and the University of Southern California. He then enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, where he received a doctorate in dentistry. House next earned a medical degree from the University of Southern California after two years in the U.S. Navy.  His older half brother, Howard P. House, was also a physician and was focused on otology, founding the House Ear Institute (later renamed the House Research Institute) in 1946.  William House eventually adopted the same focus.

House was heavily criticized by physicians and surgeons during much of his career. Many believed his idea of a device to electrically stimulate the ear would never work. Today, however, he is generally regarded as a hero, in that his innovative research and development led to the creation of the modern cochlear implant.

House's first design for a cochlear implant was surgically implanted in 1961, but the implant was rejected by the patient's body. A longer-lasting model was developed and successfully implanted in 1969, and it was introduced commercially in 1972.

One of his patients was astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr., first American and the second person in space in 1961, and, thanks to Dr. House, 5th man to walk on the Moon in 1971 following a procedure he performed on him for Meniere's disease.

In 1987, House was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree from Whittier College.

House died on December 7, 2012, at his home in Aurora, Oregon, at the age of 89.

References

External links
 Remembering Dr. William House – Profile in The Oregonian, based on a May 2012 interview

Category:1923 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:American otolaryngologists
Category:American inventors
Category:University of Southern California alumni
Category:Whittier College alumni
Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni
Category:People from Whittier, California
Category:Physicians from Oregon
Category:Aurora, Oregon
Category:Keck School of Medicine of USC alumni


Anthimos Gazis

Anthimos Gazis or Gazes (, born Anastasios Gazalis, ; 1758  24 June 1828) was a Greek scholar, revolutionary and politician. He was born in Milies (Thessaly) in Ottoman Greece in 1758 into a family of modest means. In 1774 he became a deacon; his career later brought him to Constantinople where he was promoted to archimandrite. He left for Vienna in 1789, where he preached at the Church of Saint George, while simultaneously pursuing his academic interests. His efforts to promote education in Greece through the Filomousos Eteria, translation work and contributions to the first Greek philological periodical, Hermes o Logios, played a significant role in the development of the Greek Enlightenment.

In 1817, he joined the Filiki Eteria secret society and returned to his homeland, recruiting others in preparation for an anti–Ottoman revolt. In 1821, with the start of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire he led the Greek insurgents in Magnesia. After the suppression of the revolt there, he went to Central Greece. He represented Magnesia in National Assemblies of Epidaurus and Astros and worked in commissions regarding military affairs and education. In 1827, he fell ill and his condition steadily deteriorated until his death on 24 June 1828 in Ermoupoli, Syros. Gazis died in poverty, having donated most of his savings to the Greek army.

Early life

Anastasios Gazalis was born in Milies in 1758. His father Panagiotis Gazalis and his mother Maria Argyriou Philippidi had four sons and four daughters. His family was poor, with the situation worsening when his father died in 1761. In 1770 he joined his village's school where he was taught by the monk Anthimos Papapantazis. He continued his education in the Hellenic Museum School in Zagora, where he studied logic, astronomy, philosophy, Greek philology, geography, natural sciences and mathematics. Zagora was well developed economically owing to its booming silk industry; unlike other areas of Greece its citizens had the right to bear arms and enjoyed a degree of relative autonomy. It was during this time that he hellenized his name into Anastasios Gazis. In 1774, he became a deacon upon his uncle's request; ecclesiastical professions were popular at the time. Accordingly he assumed the clerical name Anthimos. The treaties of Küçük Kaynarca, Jassy and Constantinople guaranteed the freedom of religion for Ottoman subjects, while also safeguarding church property and granting the right to erect new churches. A year later he was promoted to  presbyter and sent to the village of Vizitsa, where he worked as a teacher. At the conclusion of his one year contract he departed for Constantinople, where he served as a secretary for the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Sofronios II. Sofronios remarked upon Gazis' dedication and hard work rewarding him with the rank of archimandrite. Gazis soon befriended a merchant named Aggelis Mammaras of Makrinitsa who urged him to leave for Vienna after covering his expenses. Gazis left for Vienna in 1789.

The peace treaties of Passarowitz and Belgrade had restored commercial activity between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. Vienna became an important center of the Greek diaspora, where both goods and ideas were exchanged freely. The religious life of the Greek community revolved around the Church of Saint George and the Holy Trinity Church. In May 1796, a twelve man commission voted Gazis as the new rector of the former.
During this time frame he devoted time to the study of physics and mathematics while also translating Benjamin Martin’s “Philosophical Grammar” from French which he published in 1799. Gazis supplemented the translation with extensive notes of his own on the subjects of electricity, magnetism, chemical reactions and the propagation of light. In 1800, Gazis reissued an edited version of Rigas Feraios' Charta of Greece; dimensions were cut in half and Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage's topographical plans were removed. The second edition was dedicated to the Greek nation and showed an allegorical figure representing the Greek civilization as being armed, with the motto "I shall follow your lead" appearing beneath her. In 1802, he published Fourcroy's The Philosophy of Chemistry; the text also contains additions from Fourcroy's A General System of Chemical Knowledge, Scherzer's Journal der Chemie (Leipzig, 1792), Französische Annalen der Allgemeinen Naturgeshichte (Hamburg, 1802) and Gren's Grundriss der Chemie. In the same year his health deteriorated significantly due to an illness. He left Vienna, returning only in November 1804 to resume preaching. His stay would be brief as he soon left for Venice where he published Greek Lexicon and Greek Library, works based on Gesner's Bibliotheca universalis and Fabricius' Bibliotheca Graeca. He resumed his duties as rector in early 1808.

In 1811, he received an honorary diploma from the “Graeco–Dacian Philological Institute of Bucharest” for his contribution to the advancement of science. In the same year he founded the first philological periodical in Greek, Hermes o Logios ("Hermes the Scholar"), published in Vienna. It is regarded as the most significant and longest running periodical of the period prior to the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, containing contributions by key scholars and intellectuals.   Hermes o Logios aimed at creating intellectual contacts between the Greek communities of the Ottoman Empire and the Greek Diaspora in Western Europe, as well as the preparing national awakening of the Greek people.

Revolutionary activity

On 1 September 1813, the Filomousos Eteria was founded in Athens, with Gazis among its four curators. Its goals were the propagation of education is Greece, providing funds for poor students, publishing works of classical literature and the preservation of antiquities. The organization influenced the spread of the ideas of the Modern Greek Enlightenment, indirectly promoting nationalism. On 1 January 1815, Gazis opened a second chapter of the Filomousos Eteria in Vienna. He developed a lively correspondence with German classicist Friedrich Thiersch, who in turn assisted Greek students in enrolling into Bavarian universities. Funds funneled from British and Russian donors covered the student's expenses. The Austrian intelligence service took note of Gazis' activities in the Filomousos Eteria as well as his close relationship with the Russian community in Vienna, ordering his surveillance. Gazis quit as rector in 1815. His reasoning was that he answered the call of patriotic speeches (made by Adamantios Korais and Ioannis Kapodistrias) and would return to his homeland. In the spring of 1817, he traveled east through the Danubian Principalities to Odessa where he met the leadership and after some hesitation joined Filiki Eteria, a secret organization tasked with overthrowing Ottoman rule of Greece and replacing it with an independent Greek state. Passing through Constantinople, he returned to Milies to teach in the local school. In March 1818, he was visited by Athanasios Tsakalov who proposed relocating the leadership of Filiki Eteria to Pelion, Gazis disagreed, claiming that the Mani Peninsula would be a better choice and thus the plan did not materialize. Gazis traveled through Magnesia under the pretense of conducting an archeological survey, while in reality actively recruiting for the Filiki Eteria. His most notable success was the initiation of Pilion armatolos Kyriakos Bastekis and Makrinitsa head kodjabashi Hatzi Rigas. Although already a member of Filiki Eteria, scholar Grigorios Konstantas reluctantly agreed to support the use of force.

On 7 May 1821, revolutionaries gathered at the entrance of the  Agioi Taxiarches Church in Milies, with Gazis heading the meeting. A white flag bearing five red crosses and topped with a sun was unveiled, while Gazis read a letter written by Alexander Ypsilantis. On the same day, Gazis led a group of rebels into the village of Lechonia populated mainly by Turks, 200 of them  were slain while the womenfolk were taken to the monasteries of Agios Georgios and Agios Lavrentios. They then proceeded to Efta Platania besieging its castle. Attempts to storm the castle failed as the rebels only possessed a single rusty cannon, while human wave attacks proved sanguine. On 11 May, the siege was abandoned and the rebels raided Velestino, slaughtering those who had not already left it, burning and looting their houses and crops. A second meeting (styled Boule of Thessalo–Magnesia) took place in Velestino where Gazis officially declared the beginning of the insurrection to the representatives of the 24 villages surrounding Pilion, calling for the Christians of Thessaly to rise against the Ottomans. On 15 May, Mahmud Dramali Pasha's army descended from Larissa, burning Kapurna and Kanalia. Rebels from Zagora, Makrinitsa and Volos fled in panic, many of them sought refuge in Trikeri. Dramali's arrival prompted most kodjabashis to bend the knee to the Turks. In the meantime Dramali marched on Milies with the intent to burn it, the rebels decided to defend their headquarters. The situation in the village became tense when local kodjabashi Stavrakis Morfoulis, attempted to shoot Gazis after exclaiming "Damn you, you doomed us all!". One of Gazis' comrades knocked the gun out of his hand before he was able to take a shot. Other kodjabashis tried to discredit the revolutionaries promising to act as emissaries to the Turks, in hopes that they will show mercy. Gazis and most other rebels left the village and by June the kodjabashis surrendered it to the Turks, being granted amnesty in return. Although a small scale insurgency continued, the revolution in Thessaly had ultimately collapsed.

A boat took Gazis to Skiathos. The island housed significant numbers of refugees from Thessaly, who had resorted to selling their clothes and jewelry for minuscule portions of food. Skiathos kodjabashis saw Gazis as a troublemaker, spreading rumors that he had embezzled funds sent to him from abroad. One day a mob of refugees nearly lynched Gazis who was saved after the intervention by a local man named Anagnostis Benakis. Gazis' comrades then took him to the Skiathos Castle and then Skopelos. When the man housing Gazis accidentally killed a man while practicing with his pistol, a mob set fire to his house. Gazis was seriously injured in the incident, spending two days in bed. Following his recovery he departed for Talantonisi and from there to Morea, eventually settling in Salona. On 15 November, Gazis participated in the Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece, a meeting of clerics, kodjabashis, armatoloi and other officials from Thessaly, Epirus, Macedonia and Central Greece. There Gazis was elected as an official representative of the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. For the next thirteen months Gazis provided logistical support to insurgents on Euboea and obstructed Turkish efforts to send supplies to their garrisons in Morea. On 29 March 1823, he joined the Second National Assembly at Astros. On 17 May 1824, he became a member of a commission regarding military affairs while simultaneously working in commissions of education. During that time Gazis and Konstantas presented a draft proposing the creation of an academy in Argos named Protypon Didaktirion. The plan did not come to fruition due to events such as the Destruction of Psara and the ongoing Greek civil wars of 1824–1825.

Death
In 1827, Gazis fell ill while residing in Tinos, he later relocated to his private residence in Syros. His health continued to deteriorate and he lived in poverty. The Greek government provided him with 650 grosia while owing him 2,350 more. In letter to Georgios Kountouriotis, he complained about the fortunes that corrupted officials had amassed in the confusion of the revolution, while his personal contribution to the sustenance of Greek army had been all but forgotten. On 3 April 1828, he composed his testament in Aegina. The school he had founded together with Konstantas in Milies and his personal library were given to the Greek state. His house in Syros, the property he inherited from his father and a sum of 2,500 grosia were split between his nieces and nephews. On 10 December, Gazis died in his house in Ermoupoli, he was buried outside the Ieros Naos Metamorfoseos Church in Ermoupoli.

Footnotes

References

Further reading

Category:1758 births
Category:1828 deaths
Category:Greek people of the Greek War of Independence
Category:Greek cartographers
Category:Greek scholars
Category:Greek translators
Category:Greek Eastern Orthodox priests
Category:People from South Pelion
Category:19th-century Eastern Orthodox priests
Category:18th-century Eastern Orthodox priests
Category:Members of the Filiki Eteria
Category:People of the Modern Greek Enlightenment


I (singer)

Cha Yoon-ji (; born December 2, 1996), better known by her stage name I (아이), is a South Korean singer and dancer under WM Entertainment. She officially debuted on January 12, 2017 with her debut EP I Dream. She is B1A4 member Baro's younger sister. She joined The Unit: Idol Rebooting Project on October 2017, but she left the show on November 24 due to health issues.

Personal life
Cha was born in Gwangju, and is a younger sister of Baro, a former member of B1A4.

Discography

Extended plays

Singles

Filmography

Television shows

References

Category:1996 births
Category:Living people
Category:South Korean female idols
Category:WM Entertainment artists


Ajai Chowdhry

Ajai Chowdhry (born 29 August 1950) is one of the six founder members of HCL. A highly decorated Indian Industry icon, today he is an inspiration for young Indians. He is currently the Chairman-Board of Governors at International Institute of Information Technology, Naya Raipur.

Early life and education
Ajai's parents migrated to India, from Pakistan, during the Partition of India, along with six children. They came to a refugee camp in Delhi. Later, Ajai's father picked up a job in Mount Abu, to get the accession of the princely states. Ajai was born in Mount Abu, on 29 August 1950. Ajai is the youngest of the seven siblings. In 1955, his father joined Indian Administrative Service.

Ajai Chowdhry did his schooling from Christ Church School, Jabalpur. He passed out of school in 1966. Thereafter, he graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecom) degree, from Jabalpur Engineering College, in 1971. He has also completed an Executive Program from the University of Michigan, in 1994.

Career
Beginning his career in 1972, Ajai Chowdhry worked with DCM Data Products. In 1975, he quit his job to start Microcomp.

Ajai Chowdhry has been a key force in driving the growth of HCL. He led the foundation of HCL's overseas operations, starting with Singapore in 1980s and later expanded to the other South Asian Markets. Ajai Chowdhry was also a key force in driving the growth of HCL Infosystems, the flagship company of the group. He took over the reins of HCL Infosystems in early 90s and became the Chairman of the company in 1999. His leadership infused tremendous energy taking the company from a turnover of Rs. 400.6 crores (US $ 89 mn) in 1994 to Rs.11, 542 crores (US $ 2.6 bn). The company today has emerged as the country’s information-enabling powerhouse and was also awarded ‘Business Superbrands’ by The Brand Council and rated the Most Trusted Indian IT Brand by Economic Times in 2010-11.

Ajai Chowdhry was nominated by the Hon’ble President of India to be the Chairman for IIT Hyderabad and then the Chairman of IIT-Patna.

Ajai Chowdhry has been appointed as the Chairman of IIIT Naya Raipur, for evolving IIIT—Naya Raipur as one of the foremost IIITs in the country under his guidance.

Ajai Chowdhry is the Chairman of the Electronics Sector Skills Council.

Ajai Chowdhry is also currently the Co-Chairman of the Working Group for Development of Innovation and IP in the ESDM sector.

Other activities

Ajai Chowdhry is focusing on incubating entrepreneurship by aiding start-ups .He is also on the Board of Indian Angel Network. He is also on the Investment Committee of the IAN Fund and the EDF Fund. He mentors many start-ups.

Ajai Chowdhry set up a Charitable Trust called ‘Swayam’ which is committed to provide education support to deserving children who cannot afford good education. Also he has worked on providing solar power to many villages around, Jabalpur.

Ajai Chowdhry has constantly been driving a vision of “IT for the masses” and has been on several Government committees working towards taking PC and broadband into every village in India.

Ajai Chowdhry works closely with the Government of India, for various endeavours and initiatives. Ajai Chowdhry has been part of several Government of India committees. These endeavours aim at increasing IT proliferation in India, and also towards facilitating the growth of the IT and Electronics industry in India. In August 2009, the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications & IT and the Government of India
constituted the IT Task Force, under the leadership of Ajai Chowdhry.

Ajai Chowdhry was a member of National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC), which is an apex body providing advisory inputs for shaping government policy.

Ajai Chowdhry was the Chairman of CII National Committee on Technology.

Ajai Chowdhry was a panelist on the USC Forum on Globalization and Innovation.

In 2010, Ajai Chowdhry co-chaired the ‘World Economic Forum on Africa' in Tanzania.

Awards and accolades

 In 2011, Government of India awarded Ajai Chowdhry with Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award, recognising his consistent contribution to the Indian IT industry.

 In 2014, Ajai Chowdhry was honoured with the Cybermedia Business ICT Award 2013 for Lifetime Achievement in ICT by Shri Narendra Modi.

 In 2014, Ajai Chowdhry was awarded Honoris Causa (D. Sc.) by the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing, Jabalpur in recognition of the significant contribution he has made to the Indian IT industry and thought leadership in the field.

 In 2010, Ajai Chowdhry was conferred the Honoris Causa, Doctorate of Science, by IIT Roorkee.

 In 2010, Ajai Chowdhry was presented the "ELCINA-EFY Electronics Man of the Year Award", by the Electronic Industries Association of India (ELCINA).

 In 2009, Ajai Chowdhry was ranked third in the "Power List of 75 Most Powerful Brand Builders of India".

 In 2009, Ajai Chowdhry was adjudged among "India Inc’s Most Powerful CEOs" by The Economic Times.

 In 2007, Ajai Chowdhry was named the "Dataquest IT Person of the Year 2007", for his focus on the Indian domestic market, and his belief in the potential of computer hardware manufacturing in India.

 In 2006, EFY presented the "Electronics Man of the Year - 2006" to Ajai Chowdhry, for being instrumental in driving the growth of HCL Infosystems.

 Wisitek Foundation presented Ajai Chowdhry with the "Corporate Ratna – IT Industry of the Millennium" Award.

 In 2004, Skoch Consultancy awarded Ajai Chowdhry with the 'IT Man of the Year' title.

 The Foundation of Indian Industry and Economists has presented Ajai Chowdhry the "Best IT Man of the Year" award.

References

Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:Businesspeople from Rajasthan
Category:Indian chief executives
Category:University of Michigan people
Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry


1984 Trampoline World Championships

The 13th Trampoline World Championships were held in Osaka, Japan from August 24 to August 26, 1984.

Results

Men

Trampoline Individual

Trampoline Team

Trampoline Synchro

Double Mini Trampoline

Double Mini Trampoline Team

Tumbling

Tumbling Team

Women

Trampoline Individual

Trampoline Team

Trampoline Synchro

Double Mini Trampoline

Double Mini Trampoline Team

Tumbling

Tumbling Team

References
 Trampoline UK

Category:1984 in Japanese sport
Trampoline World Championships
Category:Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships
Category:International gymnastics competitions hosted by Japan


Stempfferia sylviae

Stempfferia sylviae is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.

References

Category:Butterflies described in 1999
Category:Poritiinae


You're the Voice

"You're the Voice" is a song written by Andy Qunta, Keith Reid, Maggie Ryder and Chris Thompson, and recorded by the Australian singer John Farnham and released as a single in September 1986 ahead of his album, Whispering Jack. "You're the Voice" was one of the biggest hits of 1986 in Australia, topping the Kent Music Report singles chart for seven weeks from 3 November to 21 December. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1987 it won Single of the Year.

The music video was recorded with celebrities (Derryn Hinch and Jacki Weaver) and musicians (James and Vince Leigh of Pseudo Echo, Greg Macainsh): none of whom are on the original audio recording; and were assembled by Farnham's talent manager, Glenn Wheatley. Wheatley later recalled, "[it] was done on a shoestring budget. I called in Derryn and Jacki, some of the guys from Pseudo Echo (James and Vince Leigh) and Greg Macainsh from Skyhooks are in the band, it was pretty much anyone who'd do me a favour."

"You're the Voice" re-entered the Australian singles chart more than 25 years after its original release (reaching No. 64), thanks to its appearance (to advertise the company's SYNC voice control system) in a 2012 Ford TV commercial.

The power ballad is also one of Farnham's biggest successes in Europe, charting at No. 1 in Germany and Sweden and reaching the Top 10 in Austria, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK. Although "You're the Voice" was also successful in Canada (reaching the Top 20), in the US, the track performed relatively poorly, missing the chart on its initial 1987 issue. BMG/RCA re-released the song in the US in February 1990 after Farnham made the Adult Contemporary chart with "Two Strong Hearts". Farnham's version eventually spent eight weeks on the US charts, peaking at No. 82, but in the US the song is probably best known for a charting version issued in 1991 by the band Heart.

In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100", the 'most Australian' songs of all time, "You're the Voice" was ranked number 6.

Chart history

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Uses in popular culture
The song has been featured in numerous TV and film productions, including the film Hot Rod, the BBC series Merlin, the film Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa and comedian Peter Kay's Car Share.

Heart version

As a lead promotion for their first live album Rock the House Live! in 1991, US rock band Heart released their live version of "You're the Voice" as a single. It was captured during the US leg of their Brigade world tour in November 1990. The single performed moderately well, reaching No. 20 on the US Mainstream Rock chart. In the UK, the single was a minor hit, reaching No. 56.

It was released in multiple limited edition formats in different territories, with the UK boasting the highest number of these:
7" etched one-sided single
7" red vinyl single
10" red vinyl single
12" etched one-sided single
CD single
A studio version of the track had been recorded in late 1989 as part of the sessions for the Brigade album, though it did not make the album track list. This studio version would not see release until July 2000, when it was included on the greatest hits package, Greatest Hits: 1985–1995.

Chart performance

World Liberty Concert
"You're the Voice" was performed at the World Liberty Concert in 1995 by Alan Parsons Band, Chris Thompson, and Metropole Orkest. The only official release associated with the concert, the single featured a studio recording of the song, rather than the live version.

The B-side was a live recording of "White Dawn", which was performed by the Metropole Orkest and Gelders Opera and Operetta Gezelschap (GOOG) choir. The song was arranged by Andrew Powell and conducted by Dick Bakker. During the performance of "White Dawn", a battle was simulated that included gunfire, which can be heard around the middle of the recording.

The radio edit of the "You're the Voice" single was also featured on Alan Parsons: The Very Best Live (1995).

Track listing
"You're the Voice (Radio Edit)" – (Qynta, Thompson, Reid, Ryder) – 4:14
"White Dawn" – (Parsons) Lead Vocals Chris Thompson – 4:50

The Planet Rock Allstars
In November 2019, a single in support of the mental health charity MIND was curated by Planet Rock DJ Wyatt Wendels in conjunction with a 2000-mile charity cycle ride The Road to Rockstock. The limited release CD was then made available from the ride's support vehicle, during late November/early December. The CD features three versions, the main version featuring many well-known rock artists including Alice Cooper, Joe Elliott, Lzzy Hale, Justin Hawkins, Doug Aldrich, Phil Campbell, Bruce Dickinson and Dan Reed. The other versions include the original backing track with Toby Jepson on vocals, and a version with vocals by Joe Elliott. The song will be available as a digital download on 6 December 2019.

Sampling
A UK hardcore track released by Waxman in 1996 sampled "You're the Voice".

References

External links

Category:1986 singles
Category:1991 singles
Category:1995 singles
Category:ARIA Award-winning songs
Category:John Farnham songs
Category:Heart (band) songs
Category:Rebecca St. James songs
Category:Number-one singles in Australia
Category:Number-one singles in Denmark
Category:Number-one singles in Germany
Category:Number-one singles in Norway
Category:Number-one singles in Sweden
Category:1980s ballads
Category:Pop ballads
Category:Rock ballads
Category:Songs with lyrics by Keith Reid
Category:1986 songs


Zelinski

Zelinski or Zelinsky may refer to
Settlements in Croatia
Biškupec Zelinski
Brezovec Zelinski
Bukovec Zelinski
Marinovec Zelinski
Obrež Zelinski
Suhodol Zelinski

Other
Zelinski (surname)
 3042 Zelinsky, an asteroid
 Zelinskiy (crater), a lunar impact crater


Arinola Olasumbo Sanya

Arinola Olasumbo Sanya (born 1953) is a Nigerian professor of physiotherapy at the University of Ibadan and a former commissioner of health in Oyo State, Nigeria. Arinola was appointed professor in 2000, making her the first female professor of physiotherapy in Africa, and the second ever professor of physiotherapy in Nigeria. She is among the Notable Oyo State indigenes.

Arinola is the current Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration) at the University of Ibadan. Arinola attended Salvation Army Primary School in Surulere Lagos. Upon Completion, she attended Queens College, Yaba, Lagos where she was made Head Girl. She trained as a Physiotherapist at the University of Ibadan, the Premier Physiotherapy Training Institution South of the Sahara. She joined the Department of Physiotherapy at the University of Ibadan as a graduate assistant in 1978 where she remains as professor. Arinola is a Consultant Physiotherapist to the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan.
She sits on several management level committees at the University of Ibadan such as the Appointments and Promotions Committee.

Public service

She was appointed commissioner for health in Oyo State (Nigeria) in 2005.

Family

Professor Sanya is married to Dr Yemi Sanya, a pharmacist and a business magnate in Lagos, Nigeria. They have four children.

References

Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:Yoruba physicians
Category:Yoruba women academics
Category:People from Lagos
Category:University of Ibadan alumni
Category:University of Ibadan faculty
Category:Queen's College, Lagos alumni
Category:Nigerian women academics
Category:Medical academics
Category:Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy


Slurry pit

A slurry pit, also known as a farm slurry pit, slurry tank, slurry lagoon or slurry store, is a hole, dam, or circular concrete structure where farmers gather all their animal waste together with other unusable organic matter, such as hay and water run off from washing down dairies, stables, and barns, in order to convert it, over a lengthy period of time, into fertilizer that can eventually be reused on their lands to fertilize crops. The decomposition of this waste material produces deadly gases, making slurry pits potentially lethal without precautions such as the use of a breathing apparatus with air supply.

Nutrient value
The liquid manure blend, or slurry, can be a rich source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Risks
Slurry pits present risks of drowning, as well as of suffocation. Decomposition generates gases such as ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide. The latter two are heavier than air and will not disperse quickly from low places. Carbon dioxide is odorless, and hydrogen sulfide quickly becomes undetectable by odor by destroying victims' sense of smell. If inhaled, they can cause rapid unconsciousness by poisoning or displacement of oxygen leading to hypoxia. Death may follow then from poisoning or hypoxia directly, or by drowning caused by unconsciousness. The health and safety executive of Northern Ireland specifies activity in a slurry pit as specialist work, requiring the worker to have a separate air supply and a harness lifeline managed by two additional people outside the tank.

See also
Manure management

References

Category:Agricultural buildings
Category:Feces
Category:Organic fertilizers


Le Faget

Le Faget  is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Haute-Garonne


Salmabad

Salmabad is a town in the center of Bahrain Island.

Many businesses and factories are located in the Salmabad area. It has been developed as an industrial area in Bahrain.

References

Category:Populated places in Bahrain


Quinine 3-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a quinine 3-monooxygenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

quinine + NADPH + H+ + O2  3-hydroxyquinine + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are quinine, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3-hydroxyquinine, NADP+, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is quinine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called quinine 3-hydroxylase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , and .

References

Category:EC 1.14.13
Category:NADPH-dependent enzymes
Category:Enzymes of known structure


Ivan Dyulgerov

Ivan Dyulgerov (; born 15 July 1999)  is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Cherno More Varna.

Career
A product of Cherno More's academy, Dyulgerov joined the first team as third choice goalkeeper in January 2016, following the departure of Iliya Nikolov. He made his league debut for Cherno More in a 3–1 away win over Neftochimic Burgas on 19 March 2017, playing the full 90 minutes. In the first half, he was booked for a foul against Ivan Valchanov in the penalty area, but he saved Galin Ivanov's penalty. Subsequently, Dyulgerov won the Man of the match award.

International career
Dyulgerov was called-up for the Bulgaria U18 squad for a friendly against Georgia U19 on 11 June 2017. He made his debut coming on as substitute for Dimitar Sheytanov. On 12 September 2017, Dyulgerov made his debut for Bulgaria U19 in a friendly against Bosnia and Herzegovina U19.

Dyulgerov made his debut for the Bulgarian under-21 team on 22 March 2019 in the starting eleven for the friendly against Northern Ireland U21.

Career statistics

Club

References

External links

Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:Bulgarian footballers
Category:Bulgaria youth international footballers
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Category:PFC Cherno More Varna players
Category:Sportspeople from Varna


Papal legate

A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope, the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, a sovereign or to a large body of believers (such as a national church) or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an (ecumenical) council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.

History

In the High Middle Ages, papal legates were often used to strengthen the links between Rome and the many parts of Christendom. More often than not, legates were learned men and skilled diplomats who were not from the country they were accredited to. The Italian-born Guala Bicchieri served as papal legate to England in the early 13th century and played a major role in both the English government and church at the time. By the Late Middle Ages it had become more common to appoint native clerics to the position of legate within their own country, such as Cardinal Wolsey acting as legate to the court of Henry VIII of England. The reason for this switch in policy could be attributed to a change in attitude on the eve of the Reformation; by this point, foreign men representing the papacy would be more likely to reinforce dissent than bring Christendom closer together.

Papal legates often summoned legatine councils, which dealt with church government and other ecclesiastical issues. According to Pope Gregory VII, writing in the Dictatus papae, a papal legate "presides over all bishops in a council, even if he is inferior in rank, and he can pronounce sentence of deposition against them". During the Middle Ages, a legatine council was the usual means that a papal legate imposed his directives.

Diplomatic ranks
There are several ranks of papal legates in diplomacy, some of which are no longer used.

Apostolic nuncio

The most common form of papal legate today is the apostolic nuncio, whose task it is to strengthen relations between the Holy See and the Catholic Church in a particular country and at the same time to act as the diplomatic representative of the Holy See to the government of that country. An apostolic nuncio is generally equivalent in rank to that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary, although in Catholic countries the nuncio often ranks above ambassadors in diplomatic protocol. A nuncio performs the same functions as an ambassador and has the same diplomatic privileges. Under the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, to which the Holy See is a party, a nuncio is an ambassador like those from any other country. The Vienna Convention allows the host state to grant seniority of precedence to the nuncio over others of ambassadorial rank accredited to the same country, and may grant the deanship of that country's diplomatic corps to the nuncio regardless of seniority.

Pro-nuncio
Pro-nuncio was a term used from 1965 to 1991 for a papal diplomatic representative of full ambassadorial rank accredited to a country that did not accord him precedence over other ambassadors and ex officio deanship of the diplomatic corps. In those countries, the papal representative's precedence within the corps is exactly on a par with that of the other members of ambassadorial rank, so that he becomes dean only on becoming the senior member of the corps.

Apostolic delegate
For countries with which the Holy See has no diplomatic relations, an apostolic delegate is sent to serve as a liaison with the Catholic Church in that country, though not accredited to its government.

Legati

Legatus a latere
This highest rank (literally "from the (Pope's) side", i.e. "intimately" trusted) is normally awarded to a priest of cardinal rank. It is an exceptional investiture and can either be focused or broad in scope. The legate a latere is the alter ego of the Pope, and as such, possesses full plenipotentiary powers.

Legatus natus
Literally "born legate", i.e. not nominated individually but ex officio, namely a bishop holding this rank as a privilege of his see, e.g. archbishops of Canterbury (pre-Reformation), Prague, Esztergom, Udine, Salzburg, Gniezno and Cologne. The legatus natus would act as the pope's representative in his province, with a legatus a latere only being sent in extraordinary circumstances. Although limited in their jurisdiction compared to legati a latere, a legatus natus was not subordinate to them.

Legatus missus
Literally "sent legate", possessing limited powers for the purpose of completing a specific mission. This commission is normally focused in scope and of short duration.

Gubernatorial legates
Some administrative (temporal) provinces of the Papal states in (mostly central) Italy were governed by a Papal Legate. This has been the case in Benevento, in Pontecorvo (of Campagna e Marittima/ of Frosinone) and in Viterbo.
In four cases, including Bologna, this post was awarded exclusively to Cardinals; the Velletri post was created for Bartolomeo Pacca.

The title could be changed to Apostolic Delegate, as happened in Frosinone (for Pontecorvo) in 1827.

Citations

See also

 Papal diplomacy
 Nuncio – an envoy whose diplomatic status is recognized by the receiving state – usually a titular archbishop.
 Internuncio – a lower rank than Nuncio for a papal diplomatic representative, a title historically used at a time when states sent to some less important countries diplomatic representatives, called Envoys or Ministers, lower in rank than Ambassadors.
 Papal apocrisiarius
 List of papal legates to England
 Other
 Pontifical legate

References
 Catholic Encyclopedia: Legate
 WorldStatesmen - Italy to 1860 - Papal State

Category:Diplomats by role
*
Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles
Category:Gubernatorial titles


Atlético Vega Real

Atletico Vega Real is a Dominican professional football team based in La Vega, Dominican Republic, founded in 2014. The team plays in the Liga Dominicana de Fútbol.

Current squad
As of 15 May 2018

Current staff
Head Coach:  Jose Rodriguez
Sporting Director:  Diomedes Barranco
Trainer: Waskar Moya
Goalkeeper Coach:  Eddy Santos

Stadium

Estadio Olímpico (La Vega): 2014–

References

External links
https://twitter.com/atlvegareal
http://ldf.com.do/atletico-la-vega-real/

Category:Football clubs in the Dominican Republic
Category:Association football clubs established in 2015
Category:2015 establishments in the Dominican Republic
Category:La Vega, Dominican Republic


501st Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)

The 501st Military Intelligence Brigade is a United States Army formation, assigned to the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) under the operational control of United States Forces Korea (USFK) located in South Korea. The 501st MI Brigade conducts theater level multi-discipline intelligence collection and analysis, aerial Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR), and security operations in support of Eighth United States Army, U.S. Army Pacific, U.S. Pacific Command, U.S. Forces Korea, and other national level agencies.

Structure
 501st Military Intelligence Brigade
 Headquarters and Headquarters Company – Yongsan Garrison
 3rd Military Intelligence Battalion – Camp Humpheys
 368th Military Intelligence Battalion (Reserve Component) – Camp Parks, California
 524th Military Intelligence Battalion – Camp Humpheys
 532d Military Intelligence Battalion (Operations) – Camp Humphreys
 719th Military Intelligence Battalion – Camp Humphreys

History
Constituted on 13 October 1950 in the regular Army as HHC, 501st Communication Reconnaissance Group, the unit was activated on 20 October 1950 at Camp Pickett, Virginia, and assigned to the Army Security Agency (ASA). On 28 May 1951, the 501st transferred from Camp Pickett to Camp Stoneman, California, for staging to Busan, Korea.

The 501st arrived at Busan on 25 June 1951. The unit spent four days in the Busan assembly area, awaiting sea transportation to Inchon. The 501st arrived at Inchon on 1 July 1951. The Group headquarters moved into the war damaged main building of the Kyonggi Middle School, Seoul, Korea. By 15 July, the 501st had assumed administrative and operational control of all ASA units in Korea.

By the end of hostilities in July 1953, the Group had three battalions and five companies assigned. Beside the numerous citations awarded to its subordinate units, the Group received the Meritorious Unit Commendation (1 July 1951 to 27 July 1953), the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit citation (15 July 1951 to 30 April 1953) and credited for participation in six campaigns.

On 28 January 1956, the 501st Communications Reconnaissance Group was redesignated as HHC, 501st ASA Group. On 1 July 1965, the 501st ASA Group was inactivated and its personnel and mission transferred to the 508th USASA Group, a TDA organization, as part of a worldwide reorganization occurring within ASA to provide greater flexibility in support of tactical units.

On 1 January 1978, HHC, 501st ASA Group was redesignated HHC, 501st Military Intelligence Group and activated at Yongsan, Korea. The Group took place of the temporary 501st MI Group (Provisional), organized at Camp Coiner on 1 April 1977, as part of the major reorganization within Army Intelligence, which merged individuals disciplines into one organization.

On 16 October 1986, the 501st was elevated to Brigade status under the Army of Excellence guidelines.

The 501st Military Intelligence Brigade's 524th Military Intelligence Battalion deployed elements in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan to assist in operations between NATO and Republic of Korea (ROK) Army units.  The last of these elements returned in early 2013.

External links and sources
501st homepage
INSCOM home page

References

501
Category:Military units of the United States Army in South Korea
Category:Military units and formations established in 1950


2017 Rallye Deutschland

The 2017 Rallye Deutschland was the tenth round of the 2017 World Rally Championship and was the 35th running of the Rallye Deutschland. The rally was won by Ott Tänak and Martin Järveoja, their second win in the World Rally Championship.

Eric Camilli and Benjamin Veillas won the WRC-2 category, their first success in the series. Pontus Tidemand and Jonas Andersson finished third which was enough to secure the title, as well as the constructors' title for Škoda Motorsport, in WRC-2.

Entry list

Classification

Event standings

Special stages

Power Stage
The Power Stage was a  stage at the end of the rally.

Championship standings after the rally

Drivers' Championship standings

Manufacturers' Championship standings

References

External links
 The official website of the World Rally Championship

Category:2017 World Rally Championship season
2017
Category:2017 in German motorsport
Category:August 2017 sports events in Germany


Roman Catholic Diocese of Radom

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Radom () is a diocese located in the city of Radom in the Ecclesiastical province of Częstochowa in Poland.

History
 March 25, 1992: Established as Diocese of Radom from the Diocese of Sandomierz – Radom

Special churches
Minor Basilicas:
 Bazylika św. Filipa Neri i św. Jana Chrzciciela kk. Filipinów (Basilica of St. Philip Neri and St. John the Baptist) in Studzianna
 Bazylika św. Kazimierza (Basilica of St. Casimir), Radom

Leadership
 Bishops of Radom (Roman rite)
 Bishop Edward Henryk Materski (25 March 1992 – 28 June 1999)
 Bishop Jan Chrapek, C.S.M.A. (28 June 1999 – 18 October 2001)
 Bishop Zygmunt Zimowski (28 March 2002 – 18 April 2009)
 Bishop Henryk Tomasik (16 October 2009 – present)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Poland

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Poland
Category:Christian organizations established in 1992
Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century


Wanted (2005 TV series)

Wanted is an American primetime police drama television series broadcast on the TNT network which was aired from July 31 to December 26, 2005. The series was created by Louis St. Clair and Jorge Zamacona, and executive produced by Aaron Spelling, E. Duke Vincent and Jorge Zamacona.

Synopsis
The show follows an elite taskforce, with members pulled from the different branches of law enforcement (DEA, United States Marshals, LAPD, ATF, FBI) as they track down Los Angeles's 100 most wanted fugitives and struggle to balance their work and personal lives.

Members of the task force include Conrad Rose (Gary Cole), the Team Leader from L.A. Metro SWAT who is considered the moral center of the unit. Jimmy McGloin (Ryan Hurst), an ATF agent and a bona fide card-carrying conservative, Carla Merced (Rashida Jones), a former Naval Intelligence officer and expert hostage negotiator. Tommy Rodriquez (Benjamín Benítez), an FBI agent not above using his good looks and charm to stop any criminal, Rodney Gronbeck (Josey Scott), an LAPD officer and a tech genius. Joe Vacco (Brendan Kelly), a DEA agent who is currently living at the team's warehouse headquarters after having getting kicked out of his own place and Eddie Drake (Lee Tergesen), an eight-year veteran of the U.S. Marshals Service and graduate of the L.A. Metro Police Academy. As the team tracks down criminals, often using unconventional (and legally questionable) methods, they discover there is a fine line between justice and the law.

The series was canceled after the first season, at the end of a cliffhanger dealing with whether the group would be prosecuted for overstepping their bounds.

Cast
 Gary Cole as Lt. Conrad Rose
 Ryan Hurst as ATF Field Agent Jimmy McGloin
 Josey Scott as Rodney Gronbeck
 Joaquim de Almeida as Captain Manuel Valenza
 Benjamín Benítez as FBI Special Agent Tommy Rodriguez
 Alex Fernandez as Max Rubio
 Rashida Jones as Detective Carla Merced
 Brendan Kelly as DEA Officer Joe Vacco
 Vince Lozano as Ozzie Devine
 Dedee Pfeiffer as Lucinda Rose
 Karen Sillas as Mariah Belichek
 Lee Tergesen as Eddie Drake
 Dimitri Diatchenko as Dar Sitska

Episodes

References

External links

 TNT Site

Category:2000s American crime drama television series
Category:2000s American police procedural television series
Category:2005 American television series debuts
Category:2005 American television series endings
Category:English-language television programs
Category:TNT (American TV network) original programming
Category:Television series by CBS Television Studios
Category:Television shows set in Los Angeles
Category:American detective television series


Aryldialkylphosphatase

Aryldialkylphosphatase (EC 3.1.8.1) (more commonly known as phosphotriesterase, and also organophosphate hydrolase, parathion hydrolase, paraoxonase, and parathion aryl esterase) is a metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes the triester linkage found in organophosphate insecticides.
an aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O  dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aryldialkylphosphate and H2O, whereas its two products are dialkylphosphate and aryl alcohol.

The gene (opd, for organophosphate-degrading) that codes for the enzyme is found in a large plasmid (pSC1, 51Kb) endogenous to Pseudomonas diminuta, although the gene has also been found in many other bacterial species such as Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC27551), where it is also encoded in an extrachromosomal element (pSM55, 43Kb).

Organophosphate is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid and is one of the organophosphorus compounds. They can be found as part of insecticides, herbicides, and nerve gases, amongst others. Some less-toxic organophosphates can be used as solvents, plasticizers, and EP additives. The use of organophosphates accounts for approximately 38% of all pesticide use globally.

Gene
Bacterial isolates capable of degrading organophosphate (OP) pesticides have been identified from soil samples from different parts of the world. The first organophosphate-degrading bacterial species was isolated from a soil sample from the Philippines in 1973, which identified as Flavobacterium sp. ATCC27551. Since then, other species have demonstrated to have OP-degrading abilities, such as Pseudomonas diminuta (isolated from US soil sample), Agrobacterium radiobacter (isolated from Australian soil sample), Alteromonas haloplanktis (isolated from US soil sample), and Pseudomonas sp. WBC-3 (isolated from Chinese soil sample).

The capacity to hydrolyze organophosphates is not unique to bacteria. A few fungi and cyanobacteria species have been found to also hydrolyze OPs. Moreover, through sequence homology searches of whole genomes, several other bacterial species were identified that also contain sequences from the same gene family as opd, including pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (yhfV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The gene sequence encoding the enzyme (opd) in Flavobacterium sp. ATCC27551 and Pseudomonas diminuta is highly conserved (100% sequence homology), although the plasmids where the genes are found have very different sequences apart from a 5.1Kb conserved region where the gene is found.

A closer look on the organization of the opd gene from Flavobacterium suggests a potential transposon-like architecture, which accounts for the widespread distribution of the gene among other microbial species that might have occurred through lateral DNA transfer. The opd gene is flanked by transposition insertion sequences, characteristic of Tn3 family of transposons. Moreover, a transposase-like sequence (homologous to TnpA) and a resolvase-like sequence (homologous to TnpR) were also identified in regions upstream of the opd gene, which are characteristics of class II transposons such as Tn3.

Furthermore, another open reading frame was identified downstream of opd and encodes a protein that further degrades p-nitrophenol, one of the byproducts of OP degradation. This protein is believed to work as a complex with PTE, since  a dramatic increase in activity is observed when PTE is present.

Therefore, the characteristic architectural organization of the opd gene region suggests that different species acquired the gene through horizontal transfer through transposition and plasmid transfer.

Protein

Structure
Phosphotriesterase (PTE)  belongs to a family metalloenzymes that has two catalytic Zn2+ metal atoms, bridged via a common ligand and coordinated by imidazole side chains of histidine residues that are clustered around the metal atoms. The protein forms a homodimer. The overall structure consists of an α/β-barrel motif, also present in other 20 catalytic proteins. The active sites of these proteins is located at the C-terminal portion of the β-barrel, which is where the active site of PTE is also located.

Catalysis
Catalysis of organophosphates occurs via a nucleophilic substitution with inversion of configuration (SN2 mechanism) about the phosphorus centre of the substrate. In the active site, the metal cations aid in catalysis by further polarizing the P–O bond of the substrate, which makes it more susceptible to a nucleophilic attack. Furthermore, a basic residue abstracts a proton from a water molecule, and the hydroxide ion produced bridges the two divalent cations and acts as the nucleophile. The OH− then attacks the phosphorus centre of the substrate, followed by a proton transfer event. The P–O bond is broken, and the products are released from the active site. The turnover rate (kcat) of phosphotriesterase is nearly 104 s−1 for the hydrolysis of paraoxon, and the products are p-nitrophenol and diethyl phosphoric acid.

Kinetics
The kinetic model proposed consists of a reversible binding step that takes place between the enzyme and the substrate, and the formation of the Michaelis complex (ES). An irreversible step follows, when the P–O bond is cleaved and the transient enzyme + product (EP) complex is formed. Lastly, the products are released and the free enzyme (E) is regenerated.

Species
Phosphotriesterase is present in two species, Pseudomonas diminuta and Flavobacterium sp. ATCC27551. Other gene variants that also encode organophosphate-degrading enzymes are present in other species. The list includes bacterial species such as the radioresistant Deinococcus radiodurans, pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, the anaerobic bacterium Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans, the thermophilic bacteria Geobacillus sp. and Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514, Escherichia coli (yhfV) and many other groups of bacteria, and also some Archaea such as Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.

Subcellular localization
Phosphotriesterase is a membrane-associated protein that is translated with a 29 amino acid-long target peptide (Tat motif), which is then cleaved from the mature protein after insertion in the plasma membrane. The protein is anchored to the inner membrane of the cell, facing the periplasm.

Function

The enzyme phosphotriesterase hydrolyzes organophosphate compounds by cleaving the triester linkage in the substrate.

The enzyme has a very broad substrate specificity, and is very efficient in catalyzing the reaction: PTE hydrolyzes paraoxon at a rate approaching the diffusion limit, which indicates that the enzyme is optimally evolved for using this substrate. It acts specifically on synthetic organophosphate triesters and phosphorofluoridates. It does not seem to have a natural occurring substrate and may thus have optimally evolved for utilizing paraoxon and other common agricultural pesticides.

The products of the reaction are diethyl phosphoric acid and p-nitrophenol. The latter product is further degraded by an enzyme encoded 750bp downstream of the opd gene, and encodes a 29kDa putative hydrolase that may be involved in degrading aromatic compounds, and works in concert with PTE. This enzyme is homologous to hydrolases in Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas azelaica, Rhodococcus sp., and P. fluorescens.

Organophosphates are not toxic to bacteria, but they act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in animals. Some species of bacteria are also able to utilize organophosphates as a nutrient and carbon source.

Environmental significance
Phosphotriesterases are considered a strong candidate biocatalyst for bioremediation purposes. Its wide substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency makes it an attractive target for the potential use of microbes containing the opd gene in detoxifying soils that are toxic due to pesticide overuse. Moreover, organophosphates act as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The AChE neurotransmitter is a vital component of the central nervous system (CNS) in insects in animals, and the inhibition of the proper turnover of this neurochemical results in overstimulation of the CNS, which ultimately results in death of insects and mammals. As a result, the use of organophosphate-degrading microorganisms is a potentially effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method of removing these toxic compounds from the environment.

History
Bacterial species that had the ability to degrade organophosphate pesticides have been isolated from soil samples from different parts of the world. The first bacterial strain identified to be able to hydrolyze organophosphates was Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551, found by Sethunathan and Yoshida in 1973 from a soil sample originally from the Philippines. Since then, other species were found to also have organophosphate-degrading enzymes similar to that found in Flavobacterium.

References

Further reading

Category:EC 3.1.8
Category:Enzymes of known structure


Ali Mwinyigogo

Ali Mwinyigogo is a former Zanzibari politician. Youth and culture minister from 1973-1975 under President Skeikh Mwinyi Aboud Jumbe, Mwinyigogo traveled to Ghana, Israel and the Soviet Union several times.

Sources
 Cinema, Bell Bottoms, and Miniskirts: Struggles over Youth and Citizenship in Revolutionary Zanzibar by Thomas Burgess, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 2002

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Possibly living people
Category:Zanzibari politicians
Category:Government ministers of Zanzibar