University of Massachusetts

The University of Massachusetts is the five-campus public university system and the only public research system in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The university system includes five campuses (Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell, and a medical school in Worcester), and a satellite campus, with system administration in Boston and Shrewsbury.  The system is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and across its campuses enrolls 73,000 students.

Campuses
The University of Massachusetts Amherst is the flagship and largest school in the UMass system. It was also the first one established, dating back to 1863, when it was founded as the Massachusetts Agricultural College. The University of Massachusetts Medical School was founded in 1962, and is located in Worcester.  The University of Massachusetts Boston, originally established in 1964, was merged with Boston State College in 1982. In 1991, the University of Lowell and Southeastern Massachusetts University joined the system as the University of Massachusetts Lowell and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, respectively.

University of Massachusetts Amherst

Amherst is the flagship and the largest of the UMass campuses, as well as the first established. Like many colleges and universities, the Massachusetts Agricultural College (as it was originally called) in Amherst was founded as a land-grant college in 1863, receiving initial start-up funding as part of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act. It became "Massachusetts State College" in 1931, and "University of Massachusetts" in 1947. The library system is the largest state-supported library system in New England with over 6.1 million items. The campus has many architecturally distinctive buildings commissioned by the Commonwealth and designed by world-renowned architects.

Massachusetts offers a variety of academic and co-curricular options. Ninety-two percent of the more than 1,300 full-time faculty members hold the highest degree in their fields. The average SAT score for the 2018 entering class is 1296, and the average GPA is 3.90 on a 4.0 scale. The campus has 21,969 undergraduates and offers 109 bachelor's degree programs. There is a student-to-faculty ratio of 18:1 and 81% of classes have fewer than 40 students. Massachusetts hosts Commonwealth Honors College (CHC) where admission is more competitive with an average SAT score of 1411. CHC offers personalized advising, smaller class sizes taught by professors, and a six building Honors Residential Community, which opened in fall 2013.

Students participate in 240 campus organizations, 21 NCAA Division I athletic teams, living-learning residence halls, community service, internships, and faculty research. Massachusetts is also part of the Five Colleges consortium, with Smith, Mount Holyoke, Hampshire, and Amherst colleges, all within a free bus ride of each other using the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority. Students can take classes on any of these campuses and participate in all co-curricular and cultural activities. Kumble R. Subbaswamy serves as Massachusetts's 30th chancellor.

University of Massachusetts Boston

UMass Boston is a research university located in the City of Boston. Located on the Columbia Point peninsula, the University is surrounded by the Boston Harbor, the John F. Kennedy Library and the Massachusetts State Archives. The Boston Globe is also headquartered adjacent to campus, as well as Boston College High School. Subsequently, the university holds many partnerships with its neighboring organizations, providing research and employment opportunities.

UMass Boston is known for its growing and diverse student body of more than 12,000 undergraduates and nearly 4,000 graduate students, making it the third largest campus in the system. The University has five undergraduate colleges and two graduate colleges, with over 100 undergraduate programs and 50 graduate programs. Ninety-three percent of full-time faculty hold the highest degree in their fields.

The campus is home to more than 100 student organizations — including clubs, literary magazines, newspaper, radio station, art gallery, and 16 NCAA Division III sports teams. Katherine S. Newman is the interim chancellor of the UMass Boston campus.

University of Massachusetts Dartmouth

Located in southeastern Massachusetts, UMass Dartmouth started in 1895 as the New Bedford Textile School, the Bradford Durfee Textile School, and later Southeastern Massachusetts University (SMU). UMass Dartmouth offers a wide array of programs in accounting, finance, management information systems, operations management and marketing, all of which are accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) International. UMass Dartmouth has top ranking engineering and nursing programs.

In addition to the  UMass Dartmouth main campus is, satellite campuses are located throughout the SouthCoast.

With 7,982 undergraduate students and 65 degree programs, the campus has a student-to-faculty ratio of 18:1 in its College of Arts & Sciences; Charlton College of Business; College of Engineering; College of Nursing; College of Visual and Performing Arts; School of Education, Public Policy, and Civic Engagement; and the School for Marine Science and Technology. The University hosts internships, undergraduate research opportunities, and service learning experiences, as well as an Honors Program.

More than 100 student organizations and 25 NCAA Division III athletic teams provide a strong community beyond the classroom. The buildings of the campus were designed by internationally renowned Modernist architect Paul Rudolph.  Dr. Robert E. Johnson is the Chancellor of the UMass Dartmouth campus.

The University of Massachusetts School of Law was opened in September 2010 three miles from the Dartmouth campus.

University of Massachusetts Lowell

UMass Lowell is the product of a 1971 merger between Lowell State College (founded in 1894 as Lowell Normal School) and Lowell Technological Institute (founded in 1895 as the Lowell Textile School).  The merged institution became the University of Lowell, with the former Lowell Tech serving as the North Campus and the former Lowell State serving as the South Campus.

UMass Lowell is a comprehensive University with a national reputation in science, engineering, Management and technology, and committed to educating students for lifelong success in a diverse world and conducting research and outreach activities that sustain the economic, environmental and social health of the region.

UMass Lowell is located in the Merrimack Valley, close to Boston, ocean beaches, and the mountains of New Hampshire. With a national reputation for education and research in science, engineering, and technology, the campus offers a number of undergraduate and graduate programs.
Academic programs include internships, co-ops, service learning, and international education.

UMass Lowell has a total of 18,316 students as of fall 2017 and is the fastest growing of the five UMass campuses. The campus offers over 120 fully accredited programs taught by 737 faculty members in five colleges. Most of the 75 bachelor's degree programs offer five-year Bachelor's to Master's programs.
The student-to-faculty ratio is 15:1 and half of the undergraduate classes have fewer than 20 students. Ninety-three percent of the full-time faculty members hold the highest degree in their fields.

There are 12 University residence halls located on the campus. There are more than 120 active student organizations on campus, a campus recreation center, 16 NCAA Division I sports teams that compete in the America East Conference, and the ice hockey team that competes in the Hockey East Conference.

Massachusetts Medical School

The University of Massachusetts Worcester, also known as UMass Medical School, is one of the fastest growing academic health science centers in the country and is home to the School of Medicine (SOM) — the Commonwealth's only public medical school — the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), the Graduate School of Nursing (GSN), and a research enterprise that attracts more than $200 million in external funding annually.

Located in the heart of Central Massachusetts on a  campus it shares with clinical partner UMass Memorial Health Care, the region's premier health care delivery system and largest employer, UMass Medical consistently ranks among the top ten percent in the U.S. News & World Report's annual ranking of best medical schools.

The work of UMass Medical researcher and 2006 Nobel Prize winner Craig Mello, an investigator of the prestigious Howard Hughes Medical Institute, toward the discovery of RNA interference has launched a promising new field of research. The school is also the home of the Albert Sherman Center, an interdisciplinary, research and education facility that fosters collaboration among scientists and innovation across disciplines. Michael F. Collins is the chancellor of the UMass Medical School campus.

Springfield satellite center
UMass Center at Springfield

On August 8th 2013, The University of Massachusetts started requesting proposals for potential classroom and office space to establish a satellite center in Springfield. UMass was looking for 25,000 square feet of space that it would use for classrooms, faculty offices and other uses, with the option of doubling the amount of space at a later date. On November 23rd 2013, Gov. Deval Patrick and University of Massachusetts President Robert L. Caret announced the selection of Tower Square in downtown Springfield as the university's new satellite center. The university would lease 27,321 square feet on the second floor of the 30-floor building, which is owned by the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. and located at 1500 Main St. UMass planned to establish academic programs at the center starting in the fall 2014.

In 2014, the state of Massachusetts gave $5.2 million to the Springfield satellite center to allow the university to complete construction and buy furnishings. .

The satellite center, administered by the Amherst campus, opened in March 2014, registering students for September 2014.  Programs include nursing, education, business administration, addiction counseling, and GED classes. Enrollment in the more than 20 courses offered at the center has grown from 250 students in the fall of 2014 when it opened to 850 in the spring of 2016, according to Daniel Montagna, director of operations at the center. From courses leading to bachelor and doctoral degrees in nursing to a master degree in business administration, and from a 180-day teacher certification program to a cybersecurity certificate program fueled by a $5 million investment by MassMutual.

Research

Collaborations
The Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center is a joint venture of the University of Massachusetts system, MIT, Harvard, Boston University, and Northeastern to build a shared high-performance computing facility. In 2010, UMass Boston partnered  with Dana–Farber/Harvard Cancer Center to collaborate on research aimed at addressing issues of cancer health disparities in disenfranchised populations under U54 Cancer Partnership.

Inter Campus Programs
University of Massachusetts Intercampus Graduate School of Marine Sciences and Technology is a graduate degree program offering Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy and Professional Science Master's Degree. The graduates receive a joint degree from all four of the main UMass campuses.

Finances and faculty pay
The FY 2014 Operating Budget for the UMass system is $2.94 billion representing a 2.6% increase over the current year expenses. Several University of Massachusetts employees are among the highest paid state employees in Massachusetts.

University president
The president is the university's chief executive officer and works to advance its mission of education, research and public service.
Marty Meehan became the 27th president of the five-campus, 73,000-student University of Massachusetts system on July 1, 2015.

Before the 1962 establishment of the Medical School, the president was the administrator of the system's only campus in Amherst. When UMass Boston was organized in 1964, it was headed by a chancellor who reported to the president. In 1970, as part of a reorganization, day-to-day leadership responsibilities for UMass Amherst were transferred to a chancellor, with both chancellors reporting on an equal basis to the president. Today, the President administers five campuses.

Board of Trustees
The University of Massachusetts is governed by a lay Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees functions as a legislative body dealing mainly with questions of policy. The board is not an administrative or management board. In certain rare instances when required by the Massachusetts General Laws, it may function as an appeal body. The board establishes the general policies governing the University, but has delegated many powers to the President and, through the President, to campus administrators for day-to-day-operations.

The founding Board had fourteen appointed members and four ex-officio members. Formerly, Trustees were appointed by the Legislature or the board itself; currently, members are appointed by the Governor. The size of the board has fluctuated between twelve and twenty-four members. The current Board is composed of nineteen voting members and three ex-officio non-voting members. Seventeen Board members are appointed by the Governor of the Commonwealth; at least five of those appointed must be alumni of the University and one must be a representative of organized labor. The other two voting members are students. Overall, the board has five student members, elected for one-year terms, from the Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell and Worcester campuses. Voting membership rotates among the campuses: two students are voting members and three others are ex-officio non-voting members.

See also
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
University of Massachusetts, Boston
University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
University of Massachusetts Medical Center (Worcester)
Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act

References

External links
Official website

Category:Public university systems in the United States
Category:1964 establishments in Massachusetts


Toussaint de Forbin-Janson

Toussaint de Forbin-Janson also known simply as Cardinal de Janson (1 October 1631 – 24 March 1713) was a French Catholic Cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais.

Early life

As a boy, Janson joined the Knights of Malta and then the army of the Kingdom of France (as was the custom). But he left the army in his late teens and went to study letters.

Ecclesiastic career

Soon after, he was ordained and at the age of 21 was appointed coadjutor bishop in support of his uncle, the Bishop of Digne. He was appointed titular bishop of Filadelfia in 1655 and was forced to leave the Knights of Malta. He succeeded his uncle as Bishop of Digne in 1664 and in 1668 he transferred to become Bishop of Marseille. In 1679 he became Bishop of Beauvais.

In 1673, King Louis XIV of France sent Janson to Tuscany to repair his relationship with his cousin, Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, wife of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Thereafter he was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary of France to Poland and then to the Netherlands.

Janson announced his support for the Gallican proposals at the 1682 Assembly in Paris. As a result, Pope Innocent XI refused to elevate Janson to the cardinalate. Innocent XI died seven years later in 1689.

Cardinalate

In February 1690, the newly elected Pope Alexander VIII elevated Janson to cardinal and appointed him cardinal-priest of the church of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura in July of that year. Upon his elevation Janson announced that he would be formally adopting the name Cardinal de Janson to differentiate himself from his brother, the Marquis du Forbin-Janson.

A number of cardinals still resented the position Janson had taken at the Paris assembly, but the Pope insisted Janson had been forgiven for past errors.

References

Toussaint de Forbin
Category:1631 births
Category:1713 deaths
Category:French cardinals
Category:Cardinals created by Pope Alexander VIII
Category:17th-century French diplomats
Category:Ambassadors of France to Poland
Category:17th-century Roman Catholic bishops
Category:18th-century Roman Catholic bishops
Category:17th-century peers of France
Category:18th-century peers of France


William A. Johnson Jr.

William A. Johnson Jr. is an American politician who served as the 64th Mayor of the City of Rochester, New York. He was first elected in November 1993, receiving over 72 percent of the vote. It was his first run for any political office, and he succeeded a 20-year incumbent. Johnson was the city's first African-American mayor.

In November 1997, Johnson was re-elected without opposition in either the primary or general elections. In November 2001, he was re-elected to a third term with over 78 percent of the vote. Johnson announced during that campaign that he would not seek a fourth term.

Education and early career
Prior to his election as mayor, Johnson served for 21 years as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Urban League of Rochester, responsible for developing and overseeing programs and project in education, youth development, family services, employment training, and affordable housing.

Johnson is a political scientist by training, earning B.A. and M.A. degrees from Howard University in Washington, D.C. in 1965 and 1967, respectively. He was honored by his alma mater in March 2003 with an Alumni Award for Distinguished Postgraduate Achievement. Johnson is a native of Lynchburg, Virginia.

Mayoral tenure
In 1999, Johnson was named the United States' Local Public Official of the Year by Governing Magazine. In 2004, he was a finalist for the World Mayor Prize.

At the center of Johnson's efforts to revitalize Rochester was the Neighbors Building Neighborhoods Program, or NBN, which introduced the principles of meaningful citizen participation and empowerment to every city neighborhood. NBN has been called "arguably the boldest and most successful citizen empowerment process in modern America."

A 2006 analysis of NBN by Cornell University found that "numerous milestones have been achieved. Through NBN, hundreds of neighborhood projects have come to fruition, while many others have broken ground. These projects include physical improvement, beautification projects, the construction of new schools and stores, better public services, and increased public safety measures. NBN also received awards for its successful neighborhood revitalization efforts, and is recognized as a model of best practices."

Johnson retired as Mayor in 2005 and became Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

Other political ventures
In 2003, Johnson ran unsuccessfully for Monroe County Executive on a platform of fiscal responsibility and regional cooperation and innovation. In 2011, after a tumultuous period in which the City of Rochester had three different mayors in three weeks after having only three mayors in the previous thirty-seven years, Johnson ran again for Mayor in a special election to serve the remainder of the term of former Mayor Robert Duffy who resigned. As the Independence and Working Families' Party's candidate, Johnson lost a close election to Democrat Tom Richards. Johnson garnered more votes than any previous candidate in New York State on the Working Family Party's line.

References

External links
Biography from City Mayors, April 2005

Category:Mayors of Rochester, New York
Category:African-American mayors
Category:African-American people in New York (state) politics
Category:Rochester Institute of Technology faculty
Category:Howard University alumni
Category:Living people
Category:1942 births


Junior Glymph

Clarence Glymph, Jr. (born September 2, 1980) is a former American football linebacker and defensive end in the National Football League for the Atlanta Falcons, Dallas Cowboys, Baltimore Ravens, Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at Carson-Newman University.

Early years
Glymph attended Newberry High School, where he played football, basketball and track. He received All-region honors as a senior.

He accepted a football scholarship from Carson-Newman University, where he played defensive end. As a sophomore, he tallied 36 tackles and 7 sacks. In 2001, he was granted a medical redshirt after injuring his ankle in the season opener.

As a junior, he registered, 57 tackles and 8 sacks. As a senior, he recorded 44 tackles (13.5 for loss), 11 sacks, 2 forced fumbles and one blocked kick. He finished his college career with 25 starts, 173 tackles and 27 sacks.

Professional career

Green Bay Packers
Glymph was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent after the 2004 NFL Draft. He was waived on July 29.

Atlanta Falcons
On August 5, 2004, he was signed by the Atlanta Falcons. On September 4, he was released and signed to the practice squad the next day. On October 16, he was promoted to the active roster. He was declared inactive in 6 games. On December 25, he was cut and signed to the practice squad two days later. He finished with 5 tackles and one sack.

On September 4, 2005, he was cut and later signed to the practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on November 19 and was released 5 days later and added to the practice squad. He posted 5 tackles.

Dallas Cowboys (first stint)
On December 13, 2005, he was signed by the Dallas Cowboys from the Falcons practice squad. He was declared inactive for the last two games.

In 2006, he was converted into an outside linebacker in the team's 3-4 defense. He had a notable preseason game against the Seattle Seahawks registering 2 sacks, although they could be described as fortuitous, because he was aligned in the wrong place. He also tallied in the same contest 2 forced fumbles and one quarterback pressure. He was cut on September 2.

Baltimore Ravens
In 2006 after his release, Glymph was signed to the practice squad of the Baltimore Ravens, where he remained for two weeks.

Pittsburgh Steelers
On October 11, 2006, he was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers to the practice squad, with the plan of moving him back to defensive end.

Dallas Cowboys (second stint)
On October 20, 2006, he was signed by the Dallas Cowboys from the Steelers' practice squad, to provide depth for an injured Jason Hatcher. He was declared inactive in 8 games. He was cut on September 1, 2007, to make room for Justin Rogers.

Miami Dolphins
On January 30, 2008, he was signed by the Miami Dolphins as a free agent. He was released on August 30.

References

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Newberry County, South Carolina
Category:Players of American football from South Carolina
Category:American football defensive ends
Category:American football linebackers
Category:Carson–Newman Eagles football players
Category:Atlanta Falcons players
Category:Dallas Cowboys players
Category:Baltimore Ravens players
Category:Pittsburgh Steelers players
Category:Carson–Newman University alumni


Oklahoma State Highway 9

State Highway 9, abbreviated as SH-9, OK-9, or simply Highway 9, is a major east–west highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Spanning across the central part of the state, SH-9 begins at the Texas state line near Madge, Oklahoma, and ends at the Arkansas state line near Fort Smith, Arkansas. State Highway 9 is a major highway around the Norman area. At , SH-9 is Oklahoma's second-longest state highway (second to State Highway 3).

Route description

West of Interstate 35

From the western terminus at State Highway 203 along the Texas border, the highway travels due east for  and intersects with SH-30 between Madge and Vinson. SH-9 continues east for  without intersecting another highway until meeting US-283 and SH-34  north of Mangum. The highway overlaps the other two routes for , going north, before splitting off and heading east again through Granite and Lone Wolf. East of Lone Wolf, the highway forms a concurrency with SH-44. Near Hobart, SH-9 overlaps US-183 for (again going northward) before splitting off again.

Continuing east, SH-9 passes through Gotebo, Mountain View, and Carnegie. Around Fort Cobb, Oklahoma, the highway begins  of travel to the south. There, the route links up with the concurrent U.S. Highways 62 and 281. While US-281 will split off in Anadarko, SH-9 and US-62 remain concurrent until Newcastle. In Chickasha, US-277 joins to form another three-route concurrency with US-62 and SH-9. On the eastern edge of Chickasha, US-62/277/SH-9 have an interchange with I-44, or more commonly known as the H.E. Bailey Turnpike.

Traveling northeast from Chickasha, US-62/277/SH-9 are routed to the town of Blanchard. Four miles later, SH-9 splits away from the two U.S. routes at a diamond interchange that also serves as the eastern terminus of the H.E. Bailey Turnpike Spur. SH-9 remains without any concurrent routes until Goldsby. The section of road east of US-62/277, recently upgraded to a four-lane divided highway, provides a link from the H.E. Bailey Turnpike Spur to Interstate 35. At the interstate, SH-9 merges onto I-35 northbound to cross the Canadian River into Norman.

East of Interstate 35

Through Norman, Highway 9 serves as a major artery providing access to the University of Oklahoma campus (in particular, the Lloyd Noble Center). Around the area, the route is a four-lane divided expressway (with surface crossings and stoplights). However, after a full interchange with US-77, the road becomes a two lane highway again.

SH-9 continues eastward, passing Lake Thunderbird State Park, before reaching the towns of Tecumseh and Seminole. The road intersects the Indian Nation Turnpike near Hanna, and US-69 near Eufaula. SH-9 provides access to the south side of Lake Eufaula before reaching Stigler.

SH-9 overlaps US-59 for , after which the road becomes concurrent with US-271. Both remain concurrent, until the highway ends at the Arkansas border. After passing the Arkansas state line, State Highway 9 becomes I-540, and US-271 continues over the state line concurrent with the Interstate.

History

Officially designated on August 24, 1924, the original route encompassed all of current SH-9 west of Blanchard. East of Blanchard, SH-9 followed a more northerly route. Bypassing Norman, SH-9 ran north to Oklahoma City before going east through Harrah, Meeker, Prague, Henryetta, and Checotah. The highway ended at the original State Highway 3 in Spiro. Upon the creation of the United States Numbered Routes system in 1926, the section between Oklahoma City and Warner was overlaid with U.S. Highway 266. Four years later in 1930, SH-9 was truncated to Chickasha. By this time, much of the route had become part of U.S. Highway 62.

On 1935-08-27, the route was extended eastward, taking over the original SH-37.  SH-9's eastern terminus became SH-48 near Seminole. On 1937-08-25, the route was brought further east to end at US-69 in Eufaula. Part of the newly commissioned section was rescinded on 1937-10-19, when a small segment just east of SH-48 and the entire Hughes County portion were dropped from the highway. These sections were re-added on 1938-09-27.

State Highway 9 was extended eastward twice in the route's history. The first extension occurred on 1941-02-26, and extended SH-9 to SH-2 at Whitefield. The final extension brought SH-9 to the Arkansas state line on 1941-11-12. The only major realignment in SH-9's history since 1941 was the Norman expressway bypass, which was designated as SH-9 on 1971-11-08.

After the I-40 bridge disaster, parts of State Highway 9 in eastern Oklahoma served as an emergency detour for eastbound I-40 traffic. All eastbound traffic was routed along the section of SH-9 between SH-2 in Whitefield and US-59. In addition, the section of SH-9 between US-59 and the Arkansas state line were used for eastbound traffic for commercial trucks.

Future
Discussions are under way to widen SH-9 to four lanes east of US-77 in Norman. The City of Norman and ODOT have conflict in their proposals for the design of the widened highway. ODOT has proposed a  paved median, with  shoulders to accommodate bicyclists. Norman's proposal includes a grass median and a separate bike path along the north side of the right-of-way, running from 24th Avenue S.E. to Lake Thunderbird. ODOT criticized the city's plan as too expensive. The city is now proposing a compromise, with a narrower raised concrete median and separate bike path.

Spurs
State Highway 9 creates three spur highways throughout the state. Additionally, it has two business routes, serving towns the main route bypasses. These routes are:
Business SH-9, a three-mile (5 km) loop through Hobart.
 Another instance of Business SH-9 that loops through Gotebo. (This is not shown on the state highway map.)

SH-9A is a designation for three distinct highways:
 A highway that intersects SH-9 in Earlsboro and links the parent highway to I-40 and SH-39 in Konawa. The spur also passes through the town of Maud.
 A connector highway from US-69 to SH-9 south of Eufaula.
 A spur route to SH-112 in Arkoma. This section is a former alignment of U.S. Highway 271.

Junction list

References

External links

OKHighways.com -- OK 9
OKHighways.com -- OK 9A (Seminole/Pottawatomie County)
OKHighways.com -- OK 9A (Pittsburg County)
OKHighways.com -- OK 9A (Le Flore County)
OKHighways.com -- Business OK 9 (Hobart)
OKHighways.com -- Business OK 9 (Gotebo)

009
Category:Transportation in Cleveland County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Le Flore County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Harmon County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Greer County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Kiowa County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Caddo County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Grady County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in McClain County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Seminole County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Hughes County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in McIntosh County, Oklahoma
Category:Transportation in Haskell County, Oklahoma


Jonathan Linton

Jonathan C. Linton (born November 7, 1974) is a former American football running back. He played high-school football at Catasauqua High School in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania and college football at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He was drafted in the 5th round of the 1998 NFL draft by the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL), with whom he played three seasons.

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Catasauqua High School alumni
Category:Sportspeople from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Category:Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Category:American football fullbacks
Category:American football running backs
Category:North Carolina Tar Heels football players
Category:Buffalo Bills players


The New Adventures of Superman (TV series)

The New Adventures of Superman is a series of six-minute animated Superman adventures produced by Filmation that were broadcast on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 5, 1970. The 68 segments appeared as part of three different programs during that time, packaged with similar shorts featuring The Adventures of Superboy and other DC Comics superheroes.

History
These adventures were the first time that Superman (and his guise of Clark Kent), Lois Lane and Perry White had been seen in animated form since the Fleischer brothers had immortalized them in the Superman short films of the 1940s.

The first TV series produced by Filmation Associates, The New Adventures of Superman was extremely popular in its Saturday morning time slot and, despite having obviously been developed for young children, employed the services of several DC Comics writers including George Kashdan. Many of the character designs (later based upon the artwork of Superman artist Curt Swan in the show's third season) stayed true to their comic book counterparts; iconic shirt-rip shots and related transformations from Clark Kent into Superman were incorporated into almost every episode, and such lines as "Up, up, and away!" and "This is a job for Superman!" were also borrowed from both the comics and the original Superman radio series. In addition, this series marked the animation debuts of Jimmy Olsen and classic Superman villains such as Lex Luthor, Brainiac, the Toyman, the Prankster, Titano, and Mister Mxyzptlk, as well as the inclusion of new villains like the Warlock and the Sorcerer. Due to a limited production budget, stock animation was often re-used for certain shots of Superman flying (or switching identities from Clark Kent into the Man of Steel), while character movement was often kept at a minimum; this would later become a trademark of Filmation's animated productions.

Producer Lou Scheimer also recruited Clayton "Bud" Collyer and Joan Alexander, veterans of the Superman radio show and the Max Fleischer Superman cartoons, for the voices of Clark Kent/Superman and Lois Lane respectively. Jackson Beck, who had narrated, and provided the character voice of Perry White on, the radio show, reprised those same roles for the cartoon version, while Jack Grimes, who had played Jimmy Olsen in its later years, took that part here as well. For this series, Collyer returned to the same vocal technique he had perfected on the radio show to play the Man Of Steel. While in the identity of Clark Kent, Collyer would keep his voice lighter while projecting a sense of weakness. But whenever the mild-mannered reporter would change into his true identity of Superman, Collyer's voice would deepen dramatically into a heroic baritone. Alexander departed after the first season and was replaced by Julie Bennett in later seasons. The theme music for the show was composed by John Marion Gart.

Despite its success, the series sparked the anger of Action for Children's Television, a grassroots organization formed in 1968 and dedicated to improving the quality of television programming offered to children, due to Superman throwing punches and other action-related violence which the group found objectionable. As a result, the series was soon cancelled, and future cartoons would not allow for such comic book violence.

Superman subsequently appeared in ABC's long-running animated series Super Friends (1973), produced by Hanna-Barbera, whose rights to DC Comics characters were gradually transferred from Filmation.

Episode list

Season 1 (1966–1967)
The series premiered on September 10, 1966 as a "30-minute" program titled The New Adventures of Superman, featuring two Superman segments with one The Adventures of Superboy short in between.

Thirty-six Superman segments were produced that season:

 "The Force Phantom" - An alien ship uses an energy creature to attack Earth.
 "The Mermen of Emor" - Scuba divers are captured for sport by malevolent fish beings led by Triton.
 "The Prehistoric Pterodactyls" - Two giant flying monsters are freed from frozen suspension. *
 "Merlin's Magic Marbles" - Lex Luthor uses a temporal communicator to discover magic powers.
 "The Threat of the Thrutans" – An alien space probe trapped in Earth orbit uses force to try to return to its home galaxy.
 "The Wicked Warlock" - A male witch called the Warlock must seize a sorcerer's ruby, a rare gem that contains powerful magic.
 "The Chimp Who Made It Big" - The fusion of two irradiated pieces of space debris fatefully changes a chimpanzee named Toto on board a space craft. When the capsule containing the space craft lands on Earth, the chimpanzee ends up turning into Titano the Super-Ape. Despite Titano causing destruction (and grabbing Lois), Superman must convince the military not to open fire as he thinks he can revert Titano to Toto. *
 "The Deadly Icebergs" - Saboteurs have rigged gigantic icebergs with explosives to rob a luxury liner.
 "Robot of Riga" - Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen are kidnapped by alien hunters whose "zoo" is protected by a giant robot.
 "The Invisible Raiders" - The Sorcerer, a malevolent wizard, uses hirelings using an invisibility field to commit crimes.
 "Neolithic Nightmare" - Jimmy Olsen falls into an underground pocket populated by malevolent creatures.
 "The Return of Brainiac" - An alien computer named Brainiac has been capturing different kinds of animals by shrinking them. Brainiac is taking the tiny animals to his dying homeworld on his spaceship a la Noah's Ark. When he also must find a man and woman for repopulation, Brainiac ends up shrinking and capturing Superman and Lois. *
 "The Magnetic Monster" - A magnetic device that melts metal objects is used by alien beings on Earth.
 "The Toys of Doom" - Phoning in an anonymous tip to lure Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen to an abandoned factory on the outskirts of Metropolis, the Toyman captures Lois and Jimmy to help launch a wave of crime and keep Superman away.
 "The Iron Eater" - A shape-shifting alien creature that emerged from a fallen meteorite and devours iron structures raises havoc. *
 "The Ape Army of the Amazon" - In South America, an exiled military officer named Colonel Vasta and a disgraced scientist named Dr. Rucas control apes, with the transmitter on Dr. Rucas's back, in a plot to rob an underground treasure. Lois is caught, tied to a pillar and gagged, and Rucas activates an Inca statue to crush her.
 "The Fire Phantom" - A living flame from Earth's core appears and sets off a mammoth forest fire.
 "The Deadly Dish" - Lex Luthor traps Lois, Jimmy, and Perry White so he can lure Superman into range of a kryptonite transmitter. *
 "Insect Raiders" - Criminals who have perfected insect powers must stop Superman from foiling their wave of crime.
 "Return of the Warlock" - The Warlock steals another sorcerer's ruby to wreak havoc on Superman's friends.
 "The Abominable Iceman" - An ice being freezes tropical Hawaii where Lois Lane is having her vacation. *
 "The Men from A.P.E." - Lex Luthor, the Warlock, the Toyman, and the Prankster form the organization A.P.E. (short for Allied Perpetrators of Evil) and combine their powers to defeat Superman.
 "The Tree Man of Arbora" - A tree being brought to life near a meteor crater consumes enormous quantities of water.
 "The Image Maker" - A master criminal scientist named Luna (a.k.a. Professor Leo Nula) captures Lois in order to send her into space within his 4D movie as part of his revenge on her for sending him to prison seven years ago. *
 "Superman's Double Trouble" - A mid-ocean earthquake releases a giant lobster and a giant alligator.
 "The Deadly Super-Doll" - The Sorcerer uses a voodoo doll to stop Superman.
 "Lava Men" - In Mexico, a volcano creates living beings of lava. *
 "Luthor Strikes Again" - Lex Luthor uses Jimmy Olsen as bait to use kryptonite laser beam weapons against Superman in a paint factory.
 "Mission to Planet Peril" - Alien raiders forced to Earth recruit Superman to rescue hostages on their home world.
 "The Pernicious Parasite" - While breaking into a science lab, a petty criminal named I. C. Harris is exposed to a radioactive isotope and achieves power to drain physical strength from other men. With his new power, he aims to become a "Superman of Crime". But when he discovers the real Superman, Harris's unstoppable greed for physical power proves fatal (though the series pre-dated Crisis On Infinite Earths, Harris is not to be confused with the Parasite of the Pre-Crisis DC Comics, whose origin story was essentially the same).
 "The Two Faces of Superman" - The Toyman creates a robot doppelganger of the Man Of Steel.
 "The Imp-Practical Joker" - A carnival is raided by an extra-dimensional prankster known as Mister Mxyzptlk.
 "Superman Meets Brainiac" - Brainiac raids Earth to gather creatures to repopulate a planet devastated by atomic wars. *
 "Seeds of Disaster" - Alien seed pods grow plants that destroy other objects.
 "The Malevolent Mummy" - An Egyptian sorcerer in mummified form attacks Lois and Superman. *
 "The Birdmen from Lost Valley" - Avian beings from a lost valley must raid outside farmlands for survival because a gold raider named Trask and his henchmen hold their populace hostage.

Episodes marked with an asterisk - * - denote episodes in which Julie Bennett voices Lois Lane.

Season 2: The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure (1967–1968)
The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure was first broadcast on September 9, 1967. This 60-minute program included new Superman segments, and adventures featuring Aquaman and his sidekick Aqualad. It also comprised a rotating series of cartoons featuring the Flash and Kid Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, the Atom, the Justice League of America, and the Teen Titans (Speedy, Kid Flash, Wonder Girl and Aqualad), and new Superboy shorts.

Sixteen Superman segments were produced that season:

 "A.P.E. Strikes Again" - Lex Luthor, Brainiac, and the Warlock come together again as A.P.E. in a plot to steal a crime-detecting computer.
 "The Lethal Lightning Bug" - A lightning storm irradiates a lightning bug to create a gigantic energy creature.
 "The Prankster" - A petty nuisance called the Prankster creates havoc until Superman uses some tricks of his own.
 "The Saboteurs" - Lois and Clark are captured on a freighter by criminals dumping radioactive waste into Metropolis harbor.
 "The Wisp of Wickedness" - The spiritual essence of an alien warlord snares innocent men on Earth.
 "Superman Meets His Match" - A kryptonite meteor crashes into the ocean and releases a giant creature with the same powers as Superman.
 "Night of the Octopod" - An unmanned alien probe that resembles a metal octopus attacks Earth near the Niagara Falls.
 "Brainiac's Bubbles" - Doctor Heckla, the creator of Brainiac, creates powerful bubbles with which he can capture Earth creatures, including Lois Lane and Superman.
 "War of the Bee Battalion" - Criminals force a scientist who has created a growth ray for honeybees to use the device to attack Metropolis.
 "The Toyman's Super-Toy" - The Toyman and his henchman use a gigantic insect robot fitted with a kryptonite beam weapon against Superman at a nuclear facility.
 "The Cage of Glass" - Brainiac shrinks Metropolis itself to minuscule size and imprisons the city in glass for return to Doctor Heckla's homeworld.
 "The Atomic Superman" - When Superman innocently tests a powerful liquid fuel by drinking it at the request of a scientist friend, the liquid creates an atomic fire raging inside his body that makes him blast out fire whenever he opens his mouth, forcing him into exile.
 "Luthor's Loco Looking Glass" - Lex Luthor invents a mirror that can transport people to his hideout at an abandoned amusement park and with it traps Jimmy Olsen.
 "The Warlock's Revenge" - The Warlock's sister frees him from prison and he launches an all-out campaign against Lois Lane.
 "The Halyah of the Himalayas" - A giant ice creature in Asia assaults the mountainous regions of India and Pakistan.
 "Luthor's Fatal Fireworks" - Lex Luthor captures Jimmy Olsen to lure Superman to the West Coast where he unleashes a bombardment of fireworks laced with kryptonite.

Julie Bennett voices Lois Lane in three episodes - "The Prankster", "The Saboteurs" and "War Of The Bee Battalion".

Season 3: The Batman/Superman Hour (1968–1969)
The Batman/Superman Hour premiered on September 14, 1968, featuring new two-part Superman segments alongside new Superboy shorts and the adventures of Batman, Robin and Batgirl.

Sixteen Superman segments were produced that season:
 "Luthor's Lethal Laser Episode 1" - Jimmy Olsen and Lois Lane discover a spacecraft in a nearby canyon, but are captured by Lex Luthor, who flies to the moon to set up a giant laser cannon to attack Earth.
 "Luthor's Lethal Laser Episode 2" - When Superman rescues Lois and Jimmy, Lex Luthor escapes and teams up with Brainiac to set a trap.
 "Can a Luthor Change His Spots? Episode 1" - To the disbelief of Jimmy Olsen, Lex Luthor has convinced Perry White that he has gone straight, and has thus become the Daily Planet's science editor with a huge experimental lab in the Planet building. Jimmy's disbelief leads him to try and catch Luthor in a deception, but his efforts lead to disasters.
 "Can a Luthor Change His Spots? Episode 2" - Thinking he catches Lex Luthor in a bank robbery, Jimmy Olsen jumps Luthor and closes a bank vault, trapping Perry White and the Metropolis Police Chief, before a bigger disaster strikes the Planet building itself.
 "The Team of Terror Episode 1" - The exiled Queen Satana from the planet Quanta flies to Earth to drain nuclear energy for use in making plastic objects called Plasto whose molecular structure can be telepathically altered.
 "The Team of Terror Episode 2" - To shake off Superman after he thwarts her efforts, Queen Satana teams with the Warlock to destroy Superman while she unleashes nuclear warfare on Quanta.
 "Rain of Iron Episode 1" - Ostensibly on vacation, Lois Lane follows an associate of a fugitive scientist to the southwestern Pacific, while Metropolis is suddenly attacked by giant balls of solid iron plummeting from space.
 "Rain of Iron Episode 2" - The fugitive scientist has created a gigantic cannon to launch iron spheres onto Metropolis and has taken island natives hostage to thwart Superman.
 "The Mysterious Mr. Mist Episode 1" - A being made of a mist-like substance emerges from an old water well on Perry White's farm, and can transform into a perfect duplicate of any human by absorbing into a person's abandoned clothing. He binds and gags Lois Lane, planning to take her through a well to the Underworld.
 "The Mysterious Mr. Mist Episode 2" - The mist being repeatedly attempts to kidnap Lois Lane to make her the queen of his underground society. He puts her in a sack and again ties her up at the top of a building, but Superman uses a vacuum to catch him, then saves Lois from falling.
 "Luminians on the Loose Episode 1" - Lex Luthor has created a laser beam transmitter with which he transports two fire beings from a distant star to help him defeat Superman.
 "Luminians on the Loose Episode 2" - When the fire beings turn on him, Lex Luthor must team with Superman to stop them. Meanwhile, the Lumiaians use Lex's transmitter to get a battalion of Luminians to invade Earth.
 "The Ghost of Kilbane Castle Episode 1" - In Scotland, Lois and Jimmy run afoul of two twin brothers whose ancestors stole the castle in which they live, and the ghost of the castle's original ruler has emerged for revenge.
 "The Ghost of Kilbane Castle Episode 2" - Superman teams with the Kilbane ghost to defeat the two evil twins. They have Lois and Jimmy tied up and gagged above spikes on a tower wall, and threaten to cut them loose if Superman tries to stop them.
 "The Japanese Sandman Episode 1" - In Yokohama, a shipping magnate's businesses are sabotaged by an explosives factory owner and the man summons a Japanese god to help him defeat the magnate.
 "The Japanese Sandman Episode 2" - Superman must defeat the Japanese Sandman when he traps the shipping magnate and Jimmy Olsen.

Season 4 (1969–1970)
The New Adventures of Superman returned for one last time on CBS, beginning September 13, 1969. The format was the same as before - a "30-minute" program with two Superman segments and one Superboy segment. All episodes were reruns of those that had previously aired.

Cast
 Bud Collyer - Kal-El/Clark Kent/Superman (Superman segments)
 Bob Hastings - Young Kal-El/Clark Kent/Superboy (Superboy segments)
 Jackson Beck - Narrator (Superman segments), Perry White (Superman segments), Lex Luthor (Superman segments), Beany Martin (Superman segments)
 Ted Knight - Narrator (Superboy segments), Krypto (Superboy segments)
 Joan Alexander - Lois Lane (Superman segments, 1966-1967 & 1969-1970)
 Cliff Owens - Brainiac (Superman segments)
 Ray Owens - Warlock (Superman segments)
 Jack Grimes - Jimmy Olsen (Superman segments)
 Julie Bennett - Lois Lane (Superman segments, 1967-1969)
 Gilbert Mack - Mr. Mxyzptlk (Superman segments)
 Janet Waldo - Lana Lang (Superboy segments)

Production crew
 Directed by Hal Sutherland
 Produced by Lou Scheimer and Norm Prescott
 Scripts by George Kashdan
 Based on Characters Created by Jerome Siegel and Joe Shuster
 Story Consultant: Mort Weisinger
 Storyboard Artists: Harvey Toombs, Bob Maxfield
 Layouts: Don Christensen, C.L. Hartman, Wes Herschensohn, Ken Hultgren, Raymond Jacobs, Dan Noonan
 Backgrounds: Erv Kaplan, Ted Littlefield, Lorraine Marue, Takashi Masunaga, Paul Xander
 Animators: Bill Hajee, Clarke Mallory, Jack Ozark, Virgil Raddatz, Morey Reden, Len Rogers, Don Schloat, Xenia DeMattia, Lou Zukor
 Animation Checking: Renee Henning, Ann Oliphant, Jane Philippi
 Ink and Paint Manager: Martha Buckley
 Camera: Gene Gropper
 Film Editor: Joseph Simon
 Sound Supervisor: Jim Bullock
 Music Composed and Conducted by John Gart
 Music Supervised by Gordon Zahler
 Assistant Director: Anatole Kirsanoff
 Production Coordinator: Joe Lynch
 Production Assistant: Jack Boasberg
 Executive Producer: Allen Ducovny
 Superman Comics are published monthly by DC Comics
 A Filmation Associates Production In Association With Ducovny, Inc.
 Copyright(c) Filmation Associates, Inc., 1966-1970.

DVD and video releases
In 1985, Warner Home Video released seven selected episodes of the series on VHS in the "Super Powers" video collection along with Aquaman, Batman, and Superboy. These videos were re-released in 1996 and are out of print.

On June 26th, 2007, Warner Bros. Home Video (via DC Comics Entertainment and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) released a two-disc DVD box set of The New Adventures of Superman featuring all 36 original, uncut episodes from the first season, and was presented in its original airdate order. However, the 1960s cartoon shorts of The Adventures of Superboy were omitted from the release, due to a battle between Warner Bros. Entertainment and the estate of Jerry Siegel over the rights to the Superboy name that occurred during the time.

On June 3rd, 2014, Warner Bros. Home Entertainment released seasons 2 & 3 on DVD in Region 1.  The 2-disc set features the remaining 32 episodes of the series.

References

External links
 .
 Superman Homepage - The New Adventures of Superman
 The New Adventures of Superman at the Big Cartoon DataBase

Category:1966 American television series debuts
Category:1970 American television series endings
Category:1960s American animated television series
Category:CBS original programming
Category:American children's animated science fiction television series
Category:Animated Superman television series
Category:Superman television series by Filmation
Category:Television series by Warner Bros. Television
Category:English-language television programs
Category:American children's animated superhero television series
Category:Animated television programs based on DC Comics


Mark Cohen (surgeon)

Mark Cohen is a Canadian laser eye surgeon who practices in Montreal and Toronto. In 2001, he and Avi Wallerstein founded LASIK MD, Canada's largest provider of laser refractive surgery. As of 2013, LASIK MD performs over sixty percent of all laser vision correction procedures in Canada.

Education
Cohen completed his medical degree (MD, CM) and specialization in ophthalmology (FRCSC) at McGill University. At McGill, he was a recipient of the Holmes Gold Medal, awarded to the graduate with the highest aggregate academic standing upon completion of medical school. Following residency, he completed his training with a post-doctoral fellowship in corneal transplantation surgery and laser vision correction of the cornea at the Université de Montréal. He previously attended Vanier College in Montreal.

Cohen is clinical instructor and lecturer in refractive surgery at McGill University and the Université de Sherbrooke. Residents from these training programs receive their clinical training at the LASIK MD facility in Montreal. This facility is a non-hospital based facility accredited site by the College of Physicians of Quebec for the training of laser vision correction to ophthalmic surgery residents.

Professional work
Cohen is a certified C-LASIK instructor, one of 14 surgeons in North America with the designation to teach LASIK by the developers of the first LASIK microkeratome (Chiron).  In 2000, he co-authored the Quebec government’s Council for the Evaluation of Health Care Technology's report on LASIK and PRK, a document designated for the public. Cohen was a clinical assessor for Bausch and Lomb for the zero compression Hansatome microkeratome, specifically designed to allow for safer and thinner corneal flaps for LASIK surgery. He is one of two National Medical Directors for LASIK MD (2001–present).

Cohen is a North American pioneer in the treatment of keratoconus and ectatic diseases of the cornea.  As a method of treating the underlying disease and reversing the damage that has previously occurred, he began performing corneal collagen cross linking combined with topography guided excimer laser ablations in 2009.  Based on the results of these treatments, he developed the Montreal Protocol, a standardized method to treat keratoconus and post-op ectasia, which is now used in over 15 Canadian cities.  Due to FDA restrictions, this treatment remains unavailable in the United States as of 2017.

Cohen is the President/CEO of LASIK MD (2001–present) and Cataract MD (2004–present), and co-National Medical Director (2001-present). In 2014, LASIK MD earned Platinum Club status in Canada's Best Managed Companies competition sponsored by Deloitte, CIBC, the National Post and Queen's School of Business. Platinum Club status is awarded to those organizations who have been Best Managed Companies for seven consecutive years or more.

Partners
In 2016, concurrent with an investment by the Caisse de Dépôt (CDPQ) in LASIK MD, a Board of Directors was created and Cohen was named the Chairman (2016-present).

Awards
In 2007, Cohen was awarded the Bank of Montreal Arista award organized by the Young Chamber of Commerce of Montreal as Quebec’s leading Young Professional for the year. In 2006, he received the Howard Stotland Technology Award for Young Technology Entrepreneur of the Year. In 2008, Cohen was named one of Canada's Top 40 Under 40. He is a Quebec recipient of the Ernst & Young 2008 Entrepreneur of the Year Award in the professional/financial services category and received a National Citation in honour of Service Excellence.

References

External links
LASIK MD

Category:Living people
Category:Canadian ophthalmologists
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Harco

Harco may refer to:

Harco, Illinois, USA
Harcó, a village in Pănet. Romania
Harco ( Harlow Chemical Company ), a chemical company based in Harlow, UK. Now part of Synthomer
Harco Steel


Pokunuwatta

Pokunuwatta is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.

See also
List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka

External links
Department of Census and Statistics -Sri Lanka

Category:Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka


Fowling (sport)

Fowling is a hybrid game that combines the equipment of American football and bowling into one sport with a similar layout as horseshoes and cornhole. Most commonly played as a pastime in a tailgate or campground setting across the United States, Fowling was founded in 2001 by Chris Hutt and a bunch of friends from Detroit, MI  tailgating at the Indy 500. The object of Fowling is for teams to be the first to knock down all opponent's pins by throwing a full-size regulation football at 10 bowling pins positioned in a traditional bowling layout.

Rules
The American Fowling Association (AFA) has established a set of guidelines in order to govern sanctioned tournament play. All AFA members are expected to comply with the rules and regulations established and any violations or offenses will result in a team forfeiture at the discretion of a judge or official. Players have the option to protest a ruling to an official if they feel a violation has occurred by the opposing team.

Gameplay
Fowling is played one-on-one, in teams of two, or with doubles play where teams stand on opposite ends called lanes. In doubles play, teammates are positioned on the same lane and throw at the opposing team's lane. Similar to football, the game starts with a coin toss where the winner is granted the decision whether to fowl first or choose a lane to defend and defer to the other team to decide on fowling first. Each team alternates throwing the football at their opponent's pins while also alternating fowlers within the team. Each player has 20 seconds to throw starting from their intention on throwing. An imaginary foul line is designated for men and women who are throwing. Men are allowed to throw anywhere behind the back edge of the lane and women may throw from anywhere behind the front edge of the lane. Players may use any throwing style but must throw from the same location during each frame and must throw with the same arm for an entire match unless a medical emergency permits otherwise. At no time are players allowed to interfere with the throwing of the football or the ball contacting the pins. Defense is authorized only when a ball has crossed the foul line and technically still in play until it stops. Any rule violation results in a foul throw for the other team and regains possession as well regardless of throwing rotation predicted by the coin toss.

Like bowling, each match is broken down into frames. In match play, one frame is completed when all pins are knocked down on either lane. The team that accomplishes this first wins the frame. The game is over when a team wins two out of three frames. A tie occurs when the team that throws last knocks down all the other team's pins. In the case of a tie, overtime is invoked in a sudden death contest to determine the winner. Both teams place one pin anywhere on the fowling lane for their opponent's to throw at. A coin toss determines who throws first and no equalizer throw is allowed. The team that knocks their opponent's pin down first wins the match.

Layout and equipment
Fowling matches are played with two wooden platforms, 20 bowling pins and a regulation-size football.

The lane surface shall be a  rectangle constructed of half-inch plywood fastened to a 2-inch × 4-inch wood frame edge. For ease of transportation, lanes made of two  plywood boards may also be used as long as they are correctly fastened together during tournament play. AFA-sanctioned tournaments should only be played on wooden fowling lanes due to significant variance in play for different surface materials. Each game consists of two lanes placed  apart between the front edge of the lanes, facing each other. It is recommended that adjacent lanes be spaced at least 15 feet apart from each other.

Bowling pins should be standard regulation size and weight and arrange in the standard, triangular bowling pin formation with equidistant 12-inch spacing between each pin from center to center (see diagram below).

Footballs must meet pro or college regulation size and weight standards for tournament play. Footballs should also be inflated to regulation pressure to avoid deflategate situations.

See also
 Cornhole
 Horseshoes
 Ladder toss
 Washer pitching
 Lawn game

References

External links

 [http://www.fowlingwarehouse.com The Fowling Warehouse - Fowling Warehouse

Category:Lawn games
Category:Sports originating in the United States
Category:Competitions
Category:Throwing games


St Matthew Passion discography

Recordings of the St Matthew Passion are shown as a sortable table of selected notable recordings of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion.

The selection is taken from the 253 recordings listed on bach-cantatas as of 2015, beginning with a recording from 1939 by a symphony orchestra and choir to match. Beginning in the late 1960s, historically informed performances paved the way for recordings with smaller groups, boys choirs and ensembles playing period instruments, taken to an extreme in recordings using only one voice on a vocal part.

History
The work was first recorded by symphonic choirs and orchestras. From the late 1960s, historically informed performances (HIP) tried to adhere more to the sounds of the composer's lifetime, who typically wrote for boys choirs and for comparatively small orchestras of Baroque instruments, often now called "period instruments". Some scholars believe that Bach used only one singer for a vocal part in the choral movements, termed "one voice per part" (OVPP). On some of these recordings, the solo singer is reinforced in choral movements with a larger orchestra by a ripieno singer (OVPP+R).

The first recording of the work was conducted by David McKinley Williams with the choir of St. Bartholomew, New York in 1930, but was not complete. Serge Koussevitzky conducted a performance on Good Friday 1937, sung in English. The table begins with the recording conducted by Willem Mengelberg in 1939. In 1970 the first HIP recording appeared, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt. The first OVPP recording appeared in 2003, conducted by Paul McCreesh.

Table of recordings

The sortable listing is taken mostly from the selection provided by Aryeh Oron on the Bach-Cantatas website.

The information lists for one recording typically:
 Conductor / choir / orchestra, often several choirs
 Soloists in the order Evangelist (tenor), Vox Christi (Voice of Jesus, bass), soprano, alto, tenor (if the tenor arias are performed by a different tenor than the evangelist), bass. Sometimes the soloists are different for Choir I and II.
 Label
 Year of the recording
 Choir type
 Large choirs (red background): Bach (choir dedicated to Bach's music, founded in the mid of the 20th century), Boys (choir of all male voices), Radio (choir of a broadcaster), Symphony (choir related to a symphony orchestra)
 Medium-size choirs, such as Chamber choir, Chorale (choir dedicated mostly to church music), Madrigal
 One voice per part (green background): OVPP or OVPP+R (with ripienists reinforcing the soloists in some chorale movements)
 Orch. type (orchestra type)
 Large orchestras (red background): Large (unspecified), Bach (orchestra dedicated to Bach's music, founded in the mid of the 20th century), Radio (symphony orchestra of a broadcaster), Opera, Symphony
 Chamber orchestra
 Orchestra on period instruments (green background)
 Comments

References

External links
 Libretto with English translation
 St. Matthew Passion Commentary, musical examples, list of recordings on the website bach-cantatas
 Side-by-side arrangement of the original text and an English translation

Category:Discographies of compositions by J. S. Bach


List of Judy Garland biographies

Judy Garland has been the subject of many biographies. Since her death in 1969, she has been the subject of over two dozen books. The first of these was Brad Steiger's Judy Garland, published shortly after her death, which includes information on Garland's astrological chart, analysis of her handwriting, numerology and biorhythms. Most of the books are entirely about Garland, but some, including Patricia Fox-Sheinwold's Too Young to Die, Some Are Born Great by Adela Rogers St. Johns and Jane Ellen Wayne's The Golden Girls of MGM, merely feature a chapter about her. Two volumes, Rainbow's End: The Judy Garland Show by Coyne Steven Sanders and Mel Tormé's The Other Side of the Rainbow: On the Dawn Patrol With Judy Garland, focus on Garland's television series, The Judy Garland Show. Garland's last husband, Mickey Deans, co-authored an early biography in 1972 and Garland's daughter Lorna Luft wrote a family memoir in 1988.

Garland has been profiled on-screen several times. The earliest known film biography was a 1961 installment of the syndicated television series Hollywood Hist-o-rama, which covered her career through the filming of A Star is Born. Garland was the subject of episodes of the British series Omnibus, 60 Minutes, Biography and the E! True Hollywood Story. Her life story was fictionalized in Rainbow in 1978 and in 2001 in Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows, based on daughter Luft's memoir. On stage, Garland is a character in The Boy from Oz, a 1998 musical based on the life of former son-in-law Peter Allen, and the 2006 play The Property Known as Garland, based on tape recordings made prior to her last ever concert appearance.

Print

Film and video

Stage

See also
 List of Judy Garland awards and honors
 List of Judy Garland performances
 Judy Garland discography

References

External links
 Judy Garland on Hollywood Hist-o-rama

Biography
Garland
Garland


Tajar Tetova

Tajar Tetova () was an Albanian military commander and çetë (band) leader in southern Albania and Macedonia.

History

Background
Born in Kalkandelen (modern day Tetovo) in the late-19th century, Tajar bey Tetova came from a noble landowning family. Tetova rose through the military ranks of the Ottoman empire, becoming a captain in the Ottoman army.

Albanian National Awakening

In 1908 he was sent by the Ottoman empire to support the Ottoman troops against the Albanian uprisings in Monastir (present-day Bitola). On June 22, 1908 captain Tajar Tetova working together with the Bashkimi club of Monastir, mutinied and fled into the mountains with seven officers and 150 Albanian soldiers to join southern Albanian Tosk revolutionaries. He formed a military league, demanding the retirement of the Young Turk government and general elections claiming that the existing cabinet was elected under terrorist agitation of the Young Turkish Committee. Tetova and his soldiers took all the weapons and ammunition company as well as two heavy machine guns from the Turkish in Monastir. Tetova expanded his insurgent movement in the area of Dibra, Korce and Kolonje. Tetova's group merged with Sali Butka fighters and together fought against the invaders of Albania.

He served for a short time as Mayor of Elbasan. A street in Elbasan is named after him.

Sources

Category:People from Tetovo
Category:Activists of the Albanian National Awakening
Category:Albanian activists
Category:People from Kosovo Vilayet
Category:19th-century Albanian military personnel
Category:20th-century Albanian military personnel
Category:Albanians of the Ottoman Empire
Category:Albanians in North Macedonia
Category:19th-century Ottoman military personnel
Category:20th-century Ottoman military personnel


Modła, Konin County

Modła  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzgów, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Rzgów Pierwszy,  west of Konin, and  east of the regional capital Poznań.

References

Category:Villages in Konin County


St James' Church, Aston

St James' Church is a parish church in the Church of England in Aston, Birmingham, England.

History

The church formed as a mission church from Church of SS Peter & Paul, Aston in 1891 and a new building was erected in 1906 to the designs of the architect J.A. Chatwin.

It was consecrated by Charles Gore, Bishop of Birmingham, on Saturday 2 November 1906.

The Chatwin church was demolished and a new church built in 1981 to the designs of the architect G Winteringham. This building was damaged in a fire in 2001 but was restored and reopened.

Organ

The Chatwin church of 1906 was equipped with a three manual pipe organ by Conacher of Sheffeld. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. but is no longer present.

References

Category:Church of England church buildings in Birmingham, West Midlands


Thought

Thought encompasses an "aim-oriented flow of ideas and associations that can lead to a reality-oriented conclusion". Although thinking is an activity of an existential value for humans, there is still no consensus as to how it is adequately defined or understood.

Because thought underlies many human actions and interactions, understanding its physical and metaphysical origins and its effects has been a longstanding goal of many academic disciplines including philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, biology, sociology and cognitive science.

Thinking allows humans to make sense of, interpret, represent or model the world they experience, and to make predictions about that world. It is therefore helpful to an organism with needs, objectives, and desires as it makes plans or otherwise attempts to accomplish those goals.

Etymology and usage

The word thought comes from Old English þoht, or geþoht, from stem of þencan "to conceive of in the mind, consider".

The word "thought" may mean:
 a single product of thinking or a single idea ("My first thought was ‘no.’")
 the product of mental activity ("Mathematics is a large body of thought.")
 the act or system of thinking ("I was frazzled from too much thought.")
 the capacity to think, reason, imagine, and so on ("All her thought was applied to her work.")
 the consideration of or reflection on an idea ("The thought of death terrifies me.")
 recollection or contemplation ("I thought about my childhood.")
 half-formed or imperfect intention ("I had some thought of going.")
 anticipation or expectation ("She had no thought of seeing him again.")
 consideration, attention, care, or regard ("He took no thought of his appearance" and "I did it without thinking.")
 judgment, opinion, or belief ("According to his thought, honesty is the best policy.")
 the ideas characteristic of a particular place, class, or time ("Greek thought")
 the state of being conscious of something ("It made me think of my grandmother.")
 tending to believe in something, especially with less than full confidence ("I think that it will rain, but I am not sure.")

Definitions may or may not require that thought
 take place within a human brain (see anthropomorphism),
 take place as part of a living biological system (see Alan Turing and Computing Machinery and Intelligence),
 take place only at a conscious level of awareness (see Unconscious Thought Theory),
 require language,
 is principally or even only conceptual, abstract ("formal"),
 involve other concepts such as drawing analogies, interpreting, evaluating, imagining, planning, and remembering.

Definitions of thought may also be derived directly or indirectly from theories of thought.

Theories

 "Outline of a theory of thought-processes and thinking machines" (Caianiello) – thought processes and mental phenomena modeled by sets of mathematical equations
 Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking (Hofstadter and Sander) – a theory built on analogies
 The Neural Theory of Language and Thought (Feldman and Lakoff) – neural modeling of language and spatial relations
 ThoughtForms – The Structure, Power, and Limitations of Thought (Baum) – a theory built on mental models
 Unconscious Thought Theory – thought that is not conscious
 Linguistics theories – The Stuff of Thought (Steven Pinker, Noam Chomsky) – The linguistic and cognitive theory that thought is based on syntactic and linguistic recursion processes
 Language of thought hypothesis (Jerry Fodor) – A syntactic composition of representations of mental states – Literally, the 'Language of Thought'.

Philosophy

The phenomenology movement in philosophy saw a radical change in the way in which we understand thought. Martin Heidegger's phenomenological analyses of the existential structure of man in Being and Time cast new light on the issue of thinking, unsettling traditional cognitive or rational interpretations of man which affect the way we understand thought. The notion of the fundamental role of non-cognitive understanding in rendering possible thematic consciousness informed the discussion surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) during the 1970s and 1980s.

Phenomenology, however, is not the only approach to thinking in modern Western philosophy. Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain. The mind–body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, is commonly seen as the central issue in philosophy of mind, although there are other issues concerning the nature of the mind that do not involve its relation to the physical body.

Mind–body dichotomy

The mind–body problem concerns the explanation of the relationship that exists between minds, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes. The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature of the mind and mental states/processes, and how—or even if—minds are affected by and can affect the body.

Human perceptual experiences depend on stimuli which arrive at one's various sensory organs from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in one's mental state, ultimately causing one to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a slice of pizza, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem is to explain how someone's propositional attitudes (e.g. beliefs and desires) can cause that individual's neurons to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from at least the time of René Descartes.

Functionalism vs. embodiment
The above reflects a classical, functional description of how we work as cognitive, thinking systems. However the apparently irresolvable mind–body problem is said to be overcome, and bypassed, by the embodied cognition approach, with its roots in the work of Heidegger, Piaget, Vygotsky, Merleau-Ponty and the pragmatist John Dewey.

This approach states that the classical approach of separating the mind and analysing its processes is misguided: instead, we should see that the mind, actions of an embodied agent, and the environment it perceives and envisions, are all parts of a whole which determine each other. Therefore, functional analysis of the mind alone will always leave us with the mind–body problem which cannot be solved.

Biology

A neuron (also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling. Neurons are the core components of the brain, the vertebrate spinal cord, the invertebrate ventral nerve cord and the peripheral nerves. A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord that cause muscle contractions and affect glands. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the brain and spinal cord. Neurons respond to stimuli, and communicate the presence of stimuli to the central nervous system, which processes that information and sends responses to other parts of the body for action. Neurons do not go through mitosis and usually cannot be replaced after being destroyed, although astrocytes have been observed to turn into neurons, as they are sometimes pluripotent.

Psychology

Psychologists have concentrated on thinking as an intellectual exertion aimed at finding an answer to a question or the solution of a practical problem. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that investigates internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism, which is interested in how people mentally represent information processing. It had its foundations in the Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, and in the work of Jean Piaget, who provided a theory of stages/phases that describes children's cognitive development.

Cognitive psychologists use psychophysical and experimental approaches to understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response. They study various aspects of thinking, including the psychology of reasoning, and how people make decisions and choices, solve problems, as well as engage in creative discovery and imaginative thought. Cognitive theory contends that solutions to problems either take the form of algorithms: rules that are not necessarily understood but promise a solution, or of heuristics: rules that are understood but that do not always guarantee solutions. Cognitive science differs from cognitive psychology in that algorithms that are intended to simulate human behavior are implemented or implementable on a computer. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.

In developmental psychology, Jean Piaget was a pioneer in the study of the development of thought from birth to maturity. In his theory of cognitive development, thought is based on actions on the environment. That is, Piaget suggests that the environment is understood through assimilations of objects in the available schemes of action and these accommodate to the objects to the extent that the available schemes fall short of the demands. As a result of this interplay between assimilation and accommodation, thought develops through a sequence of stages that differ qualitatively from each other in mode of representation and complexity of inference and understanding. That is, thought evolves from being based on perceptions and actions at the sensorimotor stage in the first two years of life to internal representations in early childhood. Subsequently, representations are gradually organized into logical structures which first operate on the concrete properties of the reality, in the stage of concrete operations, and then operate on abstract principles that organize concrete properties, in the stage of formal operations. In recent years, the Piagetian conception of thought was integrated with information processing conceptions. Thus, thought is considered as the result of mechanisms that are responsible for the representation and processing of information. In this conception, speed of processing, cognitive control, and working memory are the main functions underlying thought. In the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development, the development of thought is considered to come from increasing speed of processing, enhanced cognitive control, and increasing working memory.

Positive psychology emphasizes the positive aspects of human psychology as equally important as the focus on mood disorders and other negative symptoms. In Character Strengths and Virtues, Peterson and Seligman list a series of positive characteristics. One person is not expected to have every strength, nor are they meant to fully capsulate that characteristic entirely. The list encourages positive thought that builds on a person's strengths, rather than how to "fix" their "symptoms".

Psychoanalysis

The "id", "ego" and "super-ego" are the three parts of the "psychic apparatus" defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described. According to this model, the uncoordinated instinctual trends are encompassed by the "id", the organized realistic part of the psyche is the "ego", and the critical, moralizing function is the "super-ego".

For psychoanalysis, the unconscious does not include all that is not conscious, rather only what is actively repressed from conscious thought or what the person is averse to knowing consciously. In a sense this view places the self in relationship to their unconscious as an adversary, warring with itself to keep what is unconscious hidden. If a person feels pain, all he can think of is alleviating the pain. Any of his desires, to get rid of pain or enjoy something, command the mind what to do. For Freud, the unconscious was a repository for socially unacceptable ideas, wishes or desires, traumatic memories, and painful emotions put out of mind by the mechanism of psychological repression. However, the contents did not necessarily have to be solely negative. In the psychoanalytic view, the unconscious is a force that can only be recognized by its effects—it expresses itself in the symptom.

Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact. Scholars in this interdisciplinary area are typically either psychologists or sociologists, though all social psychologists employ both the individual and the group as their units of analysis.

Despite their similarity, psychological and sociological researchers tend to differ in their goals, approaches, methods, and terminology. They also favor separate academic journals and professional societies. The greatest period of collaboration between sociologists and psychologists was during the years immediately following World War II. Although there has been increasing isolation and specialization in recent years, some degree of overlap and influence remains between the two disciplines.

The collective unconscious, sometimes known as collective subconscious, is a term of analytical psychology, coined by Carl Jung. It is a part of the unconscious mind, shared by a society, a people, or all humanity, in an interconnected system that is the product of all common experiences and contains such concepts as science, religion, and morality. While Freud did not distinguish between "individual psychology" and "collective psychology", Jung distinguished the collective unconscious from the personal subconscious particular to each human being. The collective unconscious is also known as "a reservoir of the experiences of our species".

In the "Definitions" chapter of Jung's seminal work Psychological Types, under the definition of "collective" Jung references representations collectives, a term coined by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl in his 1910 book How Natives Think. Jung says this is what he describes as the collective unconscious. Freud, on the other hand, did not accept the idea of a collective unconscious.

See also

 Animal cognition
 Outline of thought – topic tree that identifies many types of thoughts, types of thinking, aspects of thought, related fields, and more
 Outline of human intelligence – topic tree presenting the traits, capacities, models, and research fields of human intelligence, and more
 Rethinking

References

Further reading

 Anil K. Rajvanshi (2010). Nature of Human Thought,
 Bayne, Tim (21 September 2013). "Thought", New Scientist.  7 page feature article on the topic
 Simon, Herbert Models of Thought. Vol I 1979 , Vol II 1989 , Yale University Press.

External links

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Vincent Boury

Vincent Boury (born 21 June 1969 in Colmar) is a French table tennis player.

He represented France at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, in class 2, and beat fellow French competitor Stéphane Molliens to win gold.

He had previously won a silver medal at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, and a bronze at the 2000 Games. He has also been vice-world champion in 1998, 2002 and 2006, and won the team event at the 2002 World Cup.

Boury works as a security engineer.

Notes

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Don Bosco Catholic School

The Don Bosco Catholic School  is a primary school under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Islamabad-Rawalpindi in Bannu in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, 250 kilometers southwest of Islamabad.

Father Leonard Steger, an Italian Mill Hill missionary, built the school in 2002 in an area of around 800 Christian families. More than 120 boys and girls, Christians and Muslims, study in the three-story school building. The teaching staff comprises four Christians and two Muslims.

On September 15, 2007, an explosion damaged the school. No injuries were reported.

In 2008 the school was one of 150 schools attacked by Islamic fundamentalists in Pakistan.

Archbishop Lawrence Saldanha of Lahore wrote to the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan and expressed concern over the allowing of Islamic law to be implemented in the area.

References

Category:Catholic schools in Pakistan
Category:Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


1966 French Grand Prix

The 1966 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims on 3 July 1966. It was race 3 of 9 in both the 1966 World Championship of Drivers and the 1966 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the "60th Anniversary race" of Grand Prix racing, which had started with the GP of France in 1906. It was also the 16th and last time the French Grand Prix was held on variations of French highways near Reims, following a three-year absence from the region. The race was held over 48 laps of the  circuit for a race distance of .

The race was won by the 1959 and 1960 World Champion, Australian driver Jack Brabham, driving his Brabham BT19. It was Brabham's eighth Grand Prix victory and his first since the 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix, six years earlier. It was also his first win since establishing his Brabham team, and the first win for the Australian-developed Repco V8 engine. Brabham became the first driver to win a World Championship Grand Prix in a car bearing his own name. British driver Mike Parkes finished second in a Ferrari 312, 9.5 seconds behind, while Brabham's team-mate, New Zealander Denny Hulme, finished third in his Brabham BT20, albeit two laps down.

Brabham now led the Driver's Championship on 12 points, two ahead of Ferrari driver Lorenzo Bandini and three ahead of BRM's Jackie Stewart and Ferrari's John Surtees. The win was the first of four in succession for Brabham as he began his march towards his third world title.

Race summary
Jim Clark was a non-starter, recovering from an accident after he was hit in the eye by a bird during practice. Qualifying was firmly in the hands of Ferrari and especially Lorenzo Bandini with a pole set at 2:07.8 in his 3-litre 312/66, averaging 146.112 mph (233.780 km/h). After the start, Bandini duly led, with Jack Brabham in what would later be nicknamed his 'Old Nail' BT19 – which had a bit less straightline speed – following in his slipstream for a while. Mike Parkes, who had taken over at Ferrari from John Surtees acquitted himself well, duelling with Graham Hill for third place, becoming second when Hill's camshaft broke.  When the Italian had to retire due to a broken throttle linkage, Brabham took first place at the finish – his first win since the 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix and the first driver to win a championship Grand Prix in his own car. It was also the last race ever at Reims-Gueux, the original venue of the Formula One French Grand Prix.

1950 World Champion Nino Farina died in a car accident while on his way to watch this race.

Classification

Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

References

French Grand Prix
Category:French Grand Prix
Category:European Grand Prix
Category:1966 in French motorsport


1892–93 in English football

The 1892–93 season was the 22nd season of competitive football in England.

Events

The Football League and the Football Alliance formally merged, and so the Football League Second Division was formed, consisting mostly of Football Alliance clubs. The existing League clubs, minus Darwen (who were relegated) plus three of the strongest Alliance clubs (Nottingham Forest, Newton Heath  and The Wednesday, who would later be renamed Manchester United and Sheffield Wednesday respectively), comprised the Football League First Division.

The Second Division comprised the remaining Football Alliance teams, plus Northwich Victoria, Burslem Port Vale and Sheffield United.

Liverpool, formed in March 1892 by Anfield landlord John Houlding after Everton's exit to Goodison Park, join the Lancashire League. They would be elected to the Football League Second Division after one season in the Lancashire League.

National team

Ireland
England's opening international game of the season took place in Birmingham on 25 February against Ireland, with the selectors choosing a team consisting mainly of players with connections to the Corinthians, of which seven were making their England débuts. Chris Charsley of Small Heath, who later went on to be Chief Constable of Coventry, made his solitary England appearance in goal. Alban Harrison (Old Westminsters) and Fred Pelly (Old Foresters) made their débuts as the two full-backs and Norman Cooper (Cambridge University) made his solitary appearance at centre-half. Robert Topham, an amateur player with Wolverhampton Wanderers, who had previously declined an invitation to play for Wales following his selection in 1885, made the first of his two appearances at outside right, with Walter Gilliat of Old Carthusians making his solitary appearance at inside right. Gilliat, an excellent dribbler of the ball, would probably have made more England appearances but for his religious beliefs, and went on to become the vicar of Iver and the rector of Sevenoaks.

The most notable débutante was Gilbert Oswald Smith of Oxford University, who went on to represent his country on 20 occasions in a career spanning 8 years (scoring 11 goals) and was captain 16 times. He was considered by many to be the world's best player of the 19th Century.

England totally dominated the match itself with Walter Gilliat scoring three times in the first 30 minutes, although Ireland had levelled the scores shortly after England's first goal. Further goals from G.O. Smith, William Winckworth and Rupert Sandilands enabled England to run out convincing 6–1 victors. Gilliat thus became one of only five players to have scored a hat-trick in his only appearance in an England shirt.

Wales
For the match against Wales at Stoke-on-Trent two weeks later, the selectors chose a team consisting entirely of professional players, of which four were making their début. In goal they selected John Willie Sutcliffe of Bolton Wanderers, for the first of his 5 appearances; Sutcliffe had previously made an appearance for the English rugby union side.  Jimmy Turner (Bolton Wanderers) and Jimmy Whitehead (Blackburn Rovers) made their débuts at left half and inside right respectively. The fourth débutante was Fred Spiksley of The Wednesday who made the first of seven England appearances at outside left, from where he scored seven goals during his England career, including a hat-trick on his debut.

Once again, England were comfortable victors, with further goals from Billy Bassett, John Goodall and Jack Reynolds as England easily defeated the Welsh 6–0.

Scotland
England's final international match of the season came at Richmond Athletic Ground on 1 April against Scotland who were hoping to avenge their defeat in each of the two previous seasons. England selected a strong eleven, with only Leslie Gay of Old Brightonians making his début in goal. Gay later played Test cricket for England.

England ultimately enjoyed another comfortable victory; Gosling scored after 15 minutes, but Scotland went ahead with goals after 30 and 55 minutes. A goal from captain George Cotterill brought England level after 65 minutes. Fred Spiksley then scored twice in two minutes before completing his hat-trick after 84 minutes, thus enabling England to continue their fine run against the Scots.

As a result, England were the winners of the British Home Championship for the third consecutive season.

* England score given first

Key
 H = Home match
 BHC = British Home Championship

Honours

Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition

League table

First Division

Second Division

P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points

Test Match Results

Footnotes

References

Details of England v Ireland game
Details of England v Wales game
Details of England v Scotland game
British Home Championship results on RSSSF