Karen Dalton

Karen J. Dalton (born Jean Karen Cariker; July 19, 1937 – March 19, 1993) was an American folk blues singer, guitarist, and banjo player. She was associated with the early 1960s Greenwich Village folk music scene, particularly with Fred Neil, the Holy Modal Rounders, and Bob Dylan. Although she did not enjoy much commercial success during her lifetime, her music has gained significant recognition since her death. Artists like Nick Cave, Devendra Banhart, and Joanna Newsom have noted her as an influence.

Life and career
Dalton was born Jean Karen Cariker in Bonham, Texas, but was raised in Enid, Oklahoma. She also lived in Stillwater, Oklahoma and Lawrence, Kansas. With two divorces behind her at the age of 21, Dalton left Oklahoma and arrived in Greenwich Village, New York City in the early 1960s. She brought her twelve string guitar, long-neck banjo, and at least one of her two children with her. And according to her daughter Abralyn Baird, at that point Dalton had lost two of her bottom teeth breaking up a fight between two of her boyfriends.

Greenwich Village scene
Dalton quickly became entrenched in the Greenwich Village folk musical scene of the 1960s. She played alongside big names of the time, including Bob Dylan (who occasionally backed her up on harmonica), Fred Neil, Richard Tucker, and Tim Hardin. She covered many of their songs in her own performances. She was among the first to sing Hardin's "Reason to Believe". She later married Tucker, with whom she sometimes played as a duo, and in a trio with Hardin.

While Dalton was a regular at famous folk venue Café Wha? and performed at benefit concerts for civil rights groups, she was a reluctant performer and refused to perform her own songs. Combined with her use of alcohol and heroin, recording her music and touring was particularly hard.

It's So Hard to Tell Who's Going to Love You the Best (album)
Dalton was "not interested in playing the music industry's games in an era when musicians had little other choice," as bass player and producer Harvey Brooks noted. She often responded in anger when producers attempted to change her music while recording.

At first, producer Nik Venet was unsuccessful in recording her first album, It's So Hard to Tell Who's Going to Love You the Best (Capitol, 1969). It wasn't until he invited Fred Neil to a session that they were able to come away with recordings. And even then Venet and Neil were only successful by tricking Dalton into thinking the tape wasn't rolling. Dalton cut most of the tracks with one take, and all in one night. The record features songs from Neil, Hardin, Jelly Roll Morton, and Eddie Floyd & Booker T. Jones. It was re-released by Koch Records on CD in 1996.

In My Own Time (album)
Dalton's second album, In My Own Time (1971), was recorded at Bearsville Studios (which was set up by Bob Dylan's manager, Albert Grossman) and originally released by Woodstock Festival promoter Michael Lang's label, Just Sunshine Records. The album was produced and arranged by Harvey Brooks, who played bass on it. Piano player Richard Bell guested on In My Own Time. Its liner notes were written by Fred Neil and its cover photos were taken by Elliott Landy. Dalton brought her two teenage children, her dog, and her horse from Oklahoma to feel more at ease with recording.

Re-releases and tributes
It's So Hard to Tell Who's Going to Love You the Best was re-released on Koch records in 1997, in collaboration with New York based radio DJ and Karen Dalton fan Nicholas Hill, and with liner notes by Peter Stampfel. In 1999 the French label Megaphone music did a European re-release of the same album, which included a bonus DVD featuring rare performance footage of Dalton and a French TV feature on Karen Dalton from 1970. In My Own Time was re-released on CD and LP on November 7, 2006 by Light in the Attic Records.

Two recordings from 1962 and 1963, previously owned by Karen's friend Joe Loop who ran the little club "The Attic" in Boulder in the early 60's, were released on Megaphone in 2007 and 2008 as live album "Cotton eyed Joe" and home recorded album "Green rocky road" .

The compilation tribute album, Remembering Mountains: Unheard Songs by Karen Dalton, was released in 2015 by folk label Tompkins Square. In similar fashion to Wilco and Billy Bragg’s adaptions of Woody Guthrie songs in Mermaid Avenue, the album features adaptations of Dalton's work by artists including Patty Griffin, Lucinda Williams, Josephine Foster, Sharon Van Etten, and Julia Holter. The songs feature lyrics and poems Dalton wrote before her death, which were in the care of her friend, folk guitarist Peter Walker.

 Style
Dalton's bluesy, world-weary voice is often compared to jazz singer Billie Holiday, though Dalton loathed the comparison and said Bessie Smith was a greater influence. Dalton sang blues, folk, country, pop, Motown—making over each song in her own style. She played the twelve string guitar and a long-neck banjo.

Known as "the folk singer's answer to Billie Holiday" and "Sweet Mother K.D.", Dalton is said to be the subject of the song "Katie's Been Gone" (composed by Richard Manuel and Robbie Robertson) on the album The Basement Tapes by The Band and Bob Dylan, who wrote of Dalton that "My favorite singer...was Karen Dalton. Karen had a voice like Billie Holiday and played guitar like Jimmy Reed... I sang with her a couple of times." Fred Neil once remarked, "She sure can sing the shit out of the blues."

Modern artists Nick Cave, Devendra Banhart, and Joanna Newsom have all noted her as an influence. So does country singer Lacy J. Dalton, who knew Dalton in Greenwich Village and adopted her surname as a tribute.

 Later life
Commercial failure of her album In My Own Time and her estrangement with her children contributed to further substance abuse later in Dalton's life. Friend Lacy J. Dalton helped send her to rehab in Texas in the early 1990s; a stay which only lasted a couple of days before she demanded to be taken back home to Woodstock again.

Dalton lived in rural Colorado with husband Richard Tucker and daughter Abralyn during some years in the 1960s, in a small mining cabin in Summerville. Eventually she moved back to New York via LA, and later to Woodstock. Her last resort was a mobile home located in a clearing off Eagle's Nest Road, outside the town of Hurley, near Woodstock, New York. She died there in March 1993 from an AIDS-related illness, aged 55. According to her friend Peter Walker, she had been living with the disease for over 8 years.

Discography
Studio albums
 It's So Hard to Tell Who's Going to Love You the Best (1969)
 In My Own Time (1971)

Live album
 Cotton Eyed Joe (2007) (recorded live in 1962)

Other releases
 Green Rocky Road (2008) Recorded at home circa 1962-63, released by Delmore Recording Society; contains unreleased recordings.
 1966 (2012). Released by Delmore Recording Society; contains previously unreleased recordings.
 Remembering Mountains: Unheard Songs by Karen Dalton'' (2015), released by Tompkins Square.

References

External links
 Allmusic entry
 Illustrated Karen Dalton discography
 Light In The Attic Records "In My Own Time" CD
 Delmore Recordings "Cotton Eyed Joe: The Loop Tapes/Live In Boulder 1962" CD & DVD and "Green Rocky Road" CD"
 "Sweet Mother KD," 2016 BBC Seriously... documentary about Dalton
 Karen Dalton : Jeunesse d'une femme libre, de Greenwich Village à Woodstock A comic book about the youth of Karen Dalton written by journalist Cédric Rassat and Ana Rousse (Ed. Sarbacane, 2017, 150 pages)

Category:1937 births
Category:1993 deaths
Category:American banjoists
Category:American blues singers
Category:American folk singers
Category:Singers from Oklahoma
Category:American female singer-songwriters
Category:American singer-songwriters
Category:American female guitarists
Category:20th-century American singers
Category:Deaths from throat cancer
Category:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Category:20th-century American guitarists
Category:Songwriters from Oklahoma
Category:Guitarists from Oklahoma
Category:20th-century American women singers
Category:Musicians from Enid, Oklahoma


Bob Gauchat

Leon Robert Gauchat Jr. (March 5, 1921 – October 28, 1971) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Tri-Cities Blackhawks and the Rochester Royals in the National Basketball League spanning about one season in total. In his post-basketball career he became a dentist.

References

Category:1921 births
Category:1971 deaths
Category:American dentists
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:American military personnel of World War II
Category:Basketball players from New York (state)
Category:Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball players
Category:Guards (basketball)
Category:Rochester Royals players
Category:Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York
Category:Tri-Cities Blackhawks players


Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas

Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas was a  land grant in present day Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, California given to María Rita Quinteros Valdez de Villa in 1838.

Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas (Ranch of the Gathering Waters), is named for the streams that emptied into the area from out of the canyons of the Santa Monica Mountains above it, the Cañada de las Aguas Frias (Glen of the Cold Waters, now Coldwater Canyon) and Cañada de los Encinos (Glen of the Green Oaks, now Benedict Canyon).

History
Maria Rita Valdez was a granddaughter of Luis Quintero one of the original settlers of Los Angeles. Maria was married to Spanish colonial soldier, Vicente Fernando Villa (–1841).

With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Maria Rita Valdez at  in 1871.

The rancho was sold in 1854 to Benjamin D. Wilson and Major Henry Hancock. Hancock later sold his share to William Workman. In 1868 Edward Preuss, purchased over  for the development of a city to be known as the "Town of Santa Maria". Lots were platted of about five acres each, but dry weather came and the land reverted to the sheep.

The land next passed into the hands of Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker, owners of the United States Hotel at Main and Market Streets in Los Angeles, and became "one vast field of lima beans", supplying the culinary needs of the owners' Hotel. The bean fields survived until 1900 when the land was sold to Burton E. Green of the Amalgamated Oil Company for oil development. After drilling many unproductive wells, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company in 1906.

See also

Rodeo Drive

References

I think Mariá Rita Quinteros Valdez de Villa was painted by Ignacio Maria Barreda 18 century

External links
  Exterior view of an adobe on the Hammel and Denker ranch, formerly Rancho Rodeo de Las Aguas in Beverly Hills, 1920

Rodeo de las Aguas
Category:Ranchos of Los Angeles County, California
Category:History of Los Angeles
Category:Beverly Hills, California
Category:1838 in Alta California
Category:1838 establishments in California
Category:19th century in Los Angeles


Harts Stores

Harts Stores (Hart's Family Center) was a regional general merchandise chain in the midwestern United States, headquartered for many years in Columbus, Ohio.

History
In 1954, Big Bear Stores Co., Columbus, OH based supermarket chain purchased Harts Stores, a department store that was operating at the time in the basements of two Big Bears. Harts experienced rapid growth, as Big Bear often opened grocery stores along with a Harts Department Store in an adjacent space as well as many free-standing locations usually vacated by other department stores.

At its peak in the late 1980s, there were a total of 29 Harts Stores, but towards the end of 1990, the company decided to favor the Big Bear Plus store format over the Harts general merchandise format and started to slowly shutter or convert all remaining Harts locations.

In 1991, ten side-by-side Big Bear and Harts locations were converted to the Big Bear Plus format.

By 1996, all Harts stores were either closed or converted to Big Bear Plus Stores.

Big Bear was bought out by Penn Traffic in April 1989, and had closed all stores by early 2004.

See also
Penn Traffic
Big Bear Stores

References

Category:Defunct discount stores of the United States
Category:Retail companies established in 1954
Category:Companies based in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area
Category:Companies disestablished in 1991
Category:Defunct companies based in Ohio
Category:1954 establishments in Ohio


Thomas E. Creek

Thomas Elbert Creek (April 7, 1950 – February 13, 1969) was a United States Marine who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for heroism during February 1969 in Vietnam.

During an ambush at Cam Lo District in Quang Tri Province, Creek was wounded and fell into a gully with several other Marines inside. When an enemy grenade was thrown inside, Creek threw himself onto the grenade and was killed instantly. His action saved the lives of his fellow Marines, and he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in 1970 for the action.

Biography
Thomas Creek was born on April 7, 1950, in Joplin, Missouri. He grew up in Amarillo, Texas, where he attended Forest Hill Elementary School, Horace Mann Jr. High School, and Palo Duro High School.

Creek enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on January 16, 1968. He completed recruit training with the 1st Recruit Training Battalion, Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, California, in March 1968. He received individual combat training with Company A, 1st Battalion, 2d Infantry Training Regiment, at Camp Pendleton, California, in April, and basic infantry training with Rifle Training Company, Basic Infantry Training Battalion, 2nd Infantry Training Regiment at Camp Pendleton, in May 1968. He was promoted to private first class on June 1, 1968.

In July 1968, he was deployed to the Republic of Vietnam. He first saw duty as a rifleman with Company E, 2nd Battalion, 27th Marines, 1st Marine Division. In September 1968, he was assigned duty as fire team leader with Company I, 3rd Battalion 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division and was promoted to lance corporal on November 1, 1968.

While serving as fire team leader, he was killed in action on February 13, 1969, near the Cam Lo resettlement village. Creek's squad was escorting a convoy of trucks bringing supplies to Vandegrift Combat Base when it was ambushed. While under enemy mortar fire, Creek moved to a position to attack the hidden enemy, engaging in a fire fight. While moving to a better position, he was shot in the neck and fell into a gully near fellow Marines who had taken cover; a grenade landed between Creek and the other Marines. Creek rolled on top of the grenade and took the full force of the blast, saving the lives of those around him. His men continued the fight, defeated the enemy force and the convoy was able to continue.

Creek was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor — which was presented to his family by Vice President Spiro Agnew on April 20, 1970 at the White House.

He is buried in the Llano City Cemetery in Amarillo.

Awards and honors
Creek's medals include:

In 2005, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Amarillo, Texas was renamed as the Thomas E. Creek Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Creek's name is inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on Panel 32W, Line 025.

Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to
LANCE CORPORAL THOMAS E. CREEK
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a Rifleman with Company I, Third Battalion, Ninth Marines, Third Marine Division in action against enemy forces in the Republic of Vietnam. On February 13, 1969, Lance Corporal Creek's squad was providing security for a convoy moving to resupply the Vandegrift Combat Base when an enemy command detonated mine destroyed one of the vehicles and halted the convoy near the Cam Lo Resettlement Village. Almost immediately, the Marines came under a heavy volume of hostile mortar fire followed by intense small arms fire from a well-concealed North Vietnamese Army force. When his squad rapidly deployed to engage the enemy, Lance Corporal Creek quickly moved to a fighting position and aggressively engaged in the fire fight. Observing a position from which he could more effectively deliver fire against the hostile force, he completely disregarded his own safety as he fearlessly dashed across the fire-swept terrain and was seriously wounded by enemy fire. At the same time, a North Vietnamese fragmentation grenade was thrown into the gully where he had fallen, landing between him and several companions. Fully realizing the inevitable results of his action, Lance Corporal Creek valiantly rolled on the grenade and absorbed the full force of the explosion with his own body, thereby saving the lives of five of his fellow Marines. As a result of his heroic action, his men were inspired to such aggressive action that the North Vietnamese were defeated and the convoy was able to continue its vital mission. Lance Corporal Creek's indomitable courage, inspiring valor and selfless devotion to duty upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.

/S/ RICHARD M. NIXON

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

Notes

References

Category:1950 births
Category:1969 deaths
Category:People from Joplin, Missouri
Category:Palo Duro High School alumni
Category:American Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Category:United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
Category:United States Marines
Category:American military personnel killed in the Vietnam War
Category:Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor


2015 Halifax train crash

On March 9, 2015, an Amtrak passenger train derailed in Halifax, North Carolina, after colliding with a truck carrying an oversize load that was obstructing the line at a grade crossing. There were no fatalities, but 55 people were injured.

Accident
At approximately 12:19 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, an Amtrak passenger train collided with a truck, which was obstructing the track on a grade crossing in Halifax, North Carolina. The train was the northbound Carolinian, from Charlotte, North Carolina to New York. There were 221 people on the train; 213 passengers and 8 crew members. Fifty-five people were injured in the accident. The locomotive and baggage car left the track when it struck the truck, which was hauling electrical equipment. GE P42DC locomotive #185 was hauling the train. The locomotive was turned on its side by the force of the accident, and one end of the baggage car was pushed into a brush-covered area next to the railroad right of way. The engineer was among those injured.

The truck, an oversize load carrying a power distribution center to New Jersey, had a combined weight of 255,000 pounds, equaling . The truck was being escorted by officers of the North Carolina State Highway Patrol. The truck driver was having trouble negotiating a turn, and spent eight minutes backing up and moving forward repeatedly in an attempt to complete the turn at the correct angle. As the Amtrak train approached, the driver realized he could not clear the track in time, and exited the vehicle. The truck driver was uninjured.

The truck's driver, 43-year-old John Devin Black of Claremont, North Carolina, had a valid commercial drivers license, which allowed him to haul the oversize load. Black had a history of 12 traffic violations prior to the accident, including excessive speed, and driving more than once using a revoked license.

At the time of the accident, the train was headed for New York City from Charlotte, North Carolina.

Aftermath
A witness told a 9-1-1 operator that she did not hear a train horn, but that the railroad crossing lights were working at the site of the accident.

Shortly after the accident North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) reported that U.S. 301, N.C. 903 and N.C. 125 were closed in all directions for emergency response, clean-up and investigation purposes. 170 of the remaining uninjured passengers were transported by bus to Richmond, Virginia to be placed on another train.

The day after the derailment, authorities stated that no charges will be filed against Black in relation to this accident.

Fate of rolling stock
AMTK 185 was repaired and put back into service.

Investigation
The National Transportation Safety Board was dispatched to the accident scene, and are investigating. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) released a statement on March 9, 2015 that the department would assist Amtrak with the investigation of the accident. The FRA stated it was reviewing an on-board event recorder, interviewing the train's crew, the truck driver, and the North Carolina Patrol trooper that was escorting the truck.

Investigators are also attempting to discover if proper protocol for oversized loads was being followed before the accident, as protocol calls for troopers who are escorting the vehicles to "clear their routes and inform the railroad dispatchers what they're doing".

Litigation
In May 2015, Amtrak and CSX Transportation (who owns the line) filed a civil lawsuit against Turner Transfer Company, also known as Guy M. Turner Incorporated, who operated the oversize load. The railroad companies alleged that the trucking company, and driver John Black, caused the accident by negligently hauling the oversize load across a marked railroad crossing in an unsafe manner. Both railway companies were seeking in excess of US$75,000 each.

See also
Hixon rail crash - historic case in UK that changed working practices on British railways when an oversized load under police escort was struck by a passenger train in the 1960s.

References

Category:2015 disasters in the United States
Category:2015 in North Carolina
Category:Accidents and incidents involving Amtrak
Category:Railroad crossing accidents in the United States
Category:Railway accidents in 2015
Category:Rail transportation in North Carolina
Category:Transportation in Halifax County, North Carolina
Category:Derailments in the United States
Category:Halifax, North Carolina


Takayama, Nagano

is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 7,101 in 2466 households , and a population density of 72 persons per km². The total area of the village is . Takayama is listed as one of The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan.

Geography
Takayama is located in northeastern Nagano Prefecture, bordered by Gunma Prefecture to the east. The village is located in a mountainous area, and includes Mount Kitahotaka partly within its borders.

Surrounding municipalities
Nagano Prefecture
 Nagano
 Suzaka
 Obuse
 Yamanouchi
Gunma Prefecture
Kusatsu
Tsumagoi
Nakanojō

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Takayama has remained fairly stable.

Climate
The village has a Humid continental climate characterized by warm and humid summers, and cold with heavy snowfall winters (Köppen climate classification Dfb).  The average annual temperature in Takayama is 6.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1549 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around -1.5 °C.

History
The area of present-day Takayama was part of ancient Shinano Province. Numerous ruins from the Jōmon period, Kofun period and Nara and Heian periods have been found, indicating continuous settlement for thousands of years. During the Edo period, much of the area was an exclave of Hamada Domain from Iwami Province or tenryō territory under the direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate. The villages of Takai and Yamada were established on April 1, 1889 by the establishment of the modern municipalities system. The two villages merged on September 30, 1956 to form the village of Takayama.

Economy
The economy of Takayama is based on agriculture, forestry, and seasonal tourism.

Education
Takayama has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the village government. The village does not have a high school.

Transportation

Railway
The village has no passenger railway service.

Highway
 The village is not located on any national highway.

References

External links

Official Website

Category:Villages in Nagano Prefecture
Category:Takayama, Nagano


Hans-Werner Wohlers

Hans-Werner Wohlers (11 December 1933 – 24 July 2011) was a German boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1933 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:German male boxers
Category:Olympic boxers of Germany
Category:Boxers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Hamburg


Austrostipa variabilis

Austrostipa variabilis is a species of grass that grows in southern parts of Australia. It's pretty neat.

Description
It is a perennial tufted bunchgrass, from  in height. It has green or purple flowers.

Distribution and habitat
Austrostipa variabilis is native to southern Australia. It is most common in the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia, but specimens have been recorded east across the nullarbor, and even beyond Adelaide, South Australia. It is also native to South Africa. It's gonna take a lot to drag me away from you.

It grows in a range of habitats, including dunes and granite outcrops, and tolerates a range of soils.

Taxonomy
The type specimen of this species was collected early in the 19th century by James Drummond, from the vicinity of the Swan River. The species was not described, however, until 1921, when Dorothy Kate Hughes published it as Stipa variabilis. This was its name until 1996, when the Australian species of Stipa were recognised as meriting their own genus. Thus Austrostipa was erected, and this and other species transferred into it.

References

variabilis
Category:Bunchgrasses of Australasia
Category:Grasses of Oceania
Category:Poales of Australia
Category:Angiosperms of Western Australia
Category:Flora of South Australia


Nieciszewo

Nieciszewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pruszcz, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Pruszcz,  south-west of Świecie, and  north-east of Bydgoszcz.

References

Nieciszewo


Gangsta Walk (Coolio song)

"Gangsta Walk" is the first single from Coolio's comeback album The Return of the Gangsta. It was premiered in a ceremony in Milan dedicated to the Italian debut of Coolio.

Music video
The music video is a futuristic studio and 3D graphic-designed piece directed by Marco Gentile. It was filmed in Los Angeles in January 2006. It features Snoop Dogg dressed in black in a white control room surrounded by women wearing white uniforms. Coolio can be seen in a parking basement.

Remixes
1-Gangsta Walk (Pastaboys Main Mix) - 5:49

2-Gangsta Walk (Dj Remo Radio Mix) - 3:59

3-Gangsta Walk (Dj Remo Vocal Walk Mix) - 5:49

Charts

References

External links

Category:2006 singles
Category:Coolio songs
Category:Snoop Dogg songs
Category:Songs written by Snoop Dogg
Category:Gangsta rap songs
Category:G-funk songs


Phil Abramson

Phil Abramson (March 13, 1933 – July 5, 1987) was an American set decorator. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

Selected filmography
 Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)

References

External links

Category:1933 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category:Artists from Omaha, Nebraska
Category:American set decorators


Jyoti Swaroop

Jyoti Swaroop  was an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer, who was one of the leading film directors in Hindi cinema of the 1960s and early 70s. His most well known films as a director include Parwana (1971) and  Padosan (1968).

Filmography

References

External links

Category:Hindi-language film directors
Category:Indian male screenwriters
Category:Hindi film producers
Category:Filmfare Awards winners
Category:20th-century Indian film directors
Category:20th-century births
Category:1991 deaths
Category:Film producers from Mumbai


Limavady Distillery

The Limavady Distillery (1750–1915) was the name given to the distillery founded in 1750 in the borough of Limavady, County Londonderry, Ireland, close to Binevenagh mountain.  All of the whiskey bottled under the Limavady whiskey brand was produced at the Limavady Distillery and used water drawn from the River Roe.

History
The Limavady area (also known as O'Cahan's country) has a long tradition with distillation. In 1608, a licence was granted to Sir Thomas Phillips (Irish adventurer) by King James I to distill whiskey.

for the next seven years, within the countie of Colrane, otherwise called O Cahanes countrey, or within the territorie called Rowte, in Co. Antrim, by himselfe or his servauntes, to make, drawe, and distil such and soe great quantities of aquavite, usquabagh and aqua composita, as he or his assignes shall thinke fitt; and the same to sell, vent, and dispose of to any persons, yeeldinge yerelie the somme 13s 4d...

1613 - Sir Thomas Phillips, who was granted by King James I the first licence to distil whiskey in Ireland in 1608, founded newtown Limavady.

1750 – Irish whiskey distillery was established in Limavady by John Alexander in 1750 on his family lands.

1805 - A David Cather took over the Limavady distillery and added a brewery on the outskirts of the town and records confirm that a lineal descendant of the O’Cahans clan, a stonemason by trade, built the chimney stack of this distillery.

1864 - The brewing and malting firm James Galloway & Co acquired the business from the Cather family.

1880 – James McLoughlin acquired the Limavady distillery from James Galloway & Co.

1883 – James McLoughlin sold Limavady Distillery Co to Young, King & Co Ltd a Belfast Whiskey Blending Firm.

1886 - Alfred Barnard visited Limavady Distillery and said Limavady whiskey “cheers the heart of many an ‘Exile of Erin’ in distant colonies of the Empire”.

1890 – Production hits 1.2 million litres of pure alcohol per annum.

1913 – Young, King & Co become part of the Distillers Finance Corporation (DFC), a primarily a Scotch whisky company.

1915 – Limavady Distillery closed – DFC rationalised the distilling industry by acquiring more Irish distilleries and closing them within two years of their acquisitions.

Gallery

References

Category:1750s establishments in Ireland
Category:1915 disestablishments in Ireland
Distillery
Category:Defunct distilleries in Ireland
Category:Distilleries in Northern Ireland


La Malahá

La Malahá is a municipality located in the province of Granada, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the city has a population of 1679 inhabitants. La Malaha is located at the foot of the mining hill of Montevives.

References

Category:Municipalities in the Province of Granada
Category:Populated places in the Province of Granada


Pipeflow

In hydrology, pipeflow is  a type of subterranean water flow where water travels along cracks in the soil or old root systems found in above ground vegetation.

In such soils which have a high vegetation content water is able to travel along the 'pipes', allowing water to travel faster than throughflow. Here, water can move at speeds between 50 and 500 m/h.

Category:Hydrology
Category:Aquatic ecology


1985–86 Division 1 season (Swedish ice hockey)

1985-86 was the 11th season that Division 1 operated as the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, below the top-flight Elitserien (now the SHL).

Format
Division 1 was divided into four starting groups of 10 teams each. The top two teams in each group qualified for the Allsvenskan, while the remaining eight teams had to compete in a qualifying round in which the results carried over from the first round. The top two teams from each qualifying round qualified for the playoffs. The last team in each of the qualifying groups was relegated directly to Division 2, while the second-to-last-place team had to play in a relegation series.

Of the eight teams in the Allsvenskan, the top two team qualified directly for promotion to the Elitserien (now the SHL), while the second place team qualified for the Kvalserien, which offered another opportunity to be promoted. The third to sixth ranked teams in the Allsvenskan qualified for the second round of the playoffs. The two playoff winners qualified for the Kvalserien, in which the first-place team qualified for the following Elitserien season.

Regular season

Northern Group

First round

Qualification round

Western Group

First round

Qualification round

Eastern Group

First round

Qualification round

Southern Group

First round

Qualification round

Allsvenskan

Playoffs

First round
 Piteå HC - IK Vita Hästen 0:2 (1:8, 3:10)
 Västerås IK - CRIF 2:0 (6:1, 14:3)
 Mora IK - Malmö IF 0:2 (5:6, 5:10)
 Rögle BK - Sundsvall IF 2:0 (4:3, 5:4)

Second round
 Strömsbro/Gävle - IK Vita Hästen 2:1 (5:8, 5:4, 4:3)
 Västra Frölunda HC - Västerås IK 1:2 (5:4, 5:8, 7:8)
 Örebro IK - Malmö IF 2:0 (8:0, 4:3)
 Hammarby IF - Rögle BK 2:1 (1:2, 2:1, 9:2)

Third round
 Örebro IK - Västerås IK 0:2 (3:4, 4:9)
 Hammarby IF - Strömsbro/Gävle 2:0 (9:4, 4:2)

Elitserien promotion

External links
Season on hockeyarchives.info

Category:Swedish Division I seasons
2
Swe


Atriplex

Atriplex () is a plant genus of 250–300 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (; also spelled orach). It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae s.l..
The genus is quite variable and widely distributed. It includes many desert and seashore plants and halophytes, as well as plants of moist environments.
The generic name originated in Latin and was applied by Pliny the Elder to the edible oraches. The name saltbush derives from the fact that the plants retain salt in their leaves; they are able to grow in areas affected by soil salination.

Description

The species in genus Atriplex are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. The plants are often covered with bladderlike hairs, that later collapse and form a silvery, scurfy or mealy surface, rarely with elongate trichomes. The alternate or rarely opposite leaves are petiolate or sessile, often persistent or tardily deciduous. The flat or slightly fleshy leaf blades are either entire, or serrate, or lobed and very variable in shape.

The inflorescences consist of axillary or terminal spikes or spicate panicles, or axillary clusters of glomeruled flowers. The flowers are unisexual, some species are monoecious, others dioecious. Male flowers consist of 3-5 perianth lobes and 3-5 stamens. Female flowers are usually lacking a perianth, but are enclosed by 2 foliaceous bracteoles, and contain an ovary with a short style and 2 stigmas.

In fruit, the bracteoles can enlarge, thicken or become appendaged. They enclose the fruit tightly, without becoming connate to it. The pericarp is adnate to the vertically orientated, flattened seed. The seed coat is thick, leathery or hardening. The annular embryo surrounds the perisperm.

The chromosome base number is x = 9, except for Atriplex lanfrancoi, which is x=10.

A few Atriplex species are C3-plants, but most species are C4-plants, with a characteristic leaf anatomy (kranz anatomy).

Distribution and evolution
The genus Atriplex is distributed nearly worldwide from subtropical to temperate and to subarctic regions. Most species-rich are Australia, North America, South America and Eurasia. Many species are halophytes and are adapted to dry environments with salty soils.

The genus evolved in Middle Miocene, the C4-photosynthesis pathway developed about 14.1-10.9 million years ago, when the climate became increasingly dry. The genus diversified rapidly and spread over the continents. The C4Atriplex colonized North America probably from Eurasia during the Middle/Late Miocene, about 9.8-8.8 million years ago, and later spread to South America. Australia was colonized twice by two C4 lineages, one from Eurasia or America about 9.8-7.8 million years ago, and one from Central Asia about 6.3-4.8 million years ago. The last lineage diversified rapidly, and became the ancestor of most Australian Atriplex species.

Ecology
Atriplex species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species; see the list of Lepidoptera which feed on Atriplex. For spiders such as Phidippus californicus and other arthropods, saltbush plants offer opportunities to hide and hunt in habitat that is otherwise often quite barren.

Use by humans
The favored species for human consumption is now usually garden orache (A. hortensis), but many species are edible and the use of Atriplex as food is known since at least the late Epipaleolithic (Mesolithic).

Common orache (A. patula) is attested as an archaeophyte in northern Europe, and the Ertebølle culture is presumed to have used it as a food. Its seed has been found among apparent evidence of cereal preparation and cooking at Late Iron Age villages in Britain. In the biblical Book of Job, mallûaḥ (מַלּ֣וּחַ, probably Mediterranean saltbush, A. halimus, the major culinary saltbush in the region) is mentioned as food eaten by social outcasts (). Grey saltbush (A. cinerea) has been used as bushfood in Australia since prehistoric times.
Chamiso (A. canescens) and shadscale (A. confertifolia) were eaten by Native Americans, and spearscale (A. hastata) was a food in rural Eurasia.

Meat from sheep which have grazed on saltbush has surprisingly high levels of vitamin E, is leaner and more hydrated than regular lamb and has consumer appeal equal to grain-fed lamb. The vitamin E levels could have animal health benefits while extending the shelf-life and maintaining the fresh red colour of saltbush lamb. This effect has been demonstrated for old man saltbush (A. nummularia) and river saltbush (A. amnicola). For reasons unknown, sheep seem to prefer the more fibrous, less nutritious river saltbush.

Saltbushes are also used as an ornamental plant in landscaping and can be used to prevent soil erosion in coastal areas. Old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) has also been successfully used to rehabilitate old mining sites around Lightning Ridge (Australia).

Systematics
The genus Atriplex was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. The type species (lectotype) is Atriplex hortensis. The name is derived from Ancient Greek ἀτράφαξυς (atraphaxys), "orach", itself a Pre-Greek substrate loanword.

Atriplex is an extremely species-rich genus and comprises about 250-300 species. After phylogenetical research, Kadereit et al. (2010) excluded Halimione as a distinct sister genus. The remaining Atripex species were grouped into several clades, that mostly are not identical with the traditional sections:

Atriplex lanfrancoi/cana-Clade:
Atriplex lanfrancoi (Brullo & Pavone) G. Kadereit et Sukhor. (Syn.: Cremnophyton lanfrancoi Brullo & Pavone): endemic to Malta and Gozo.
Atriplex cana C.A. Mey.: from Eastern European Russia to western China.
Atriplex section Atriplex: annual C3-plants.
Atriplex aucheri Moq.: in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
 Atriplex hortensis L. – Garden orache, red orach, mountain spinach, French spinach: in Asia, cultivated or naturalized in Europe.
 Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. & Kit. – Oblong-leaved orache: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex sagittata Borkh. (Syn.: Atriplex nitens Schkuhr): in Eurasia
Atriplex section Teutliopsis Dumort.: annual C3-plants.
Atriplex australasica Moq.
 Atriplex calotheca (Rafn) Fr.: in Northern Europe.
 Atriplex crassifolia Ledeb.: in Asia.
 Atriplex davisii Aellen: from southern Europe to Egypt.
 Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston – Northeastern saltbush, Babington's orache, smooth orache, Scotland orache, glabrous orache: In central and northern Europe.
 Atriplex gmelinii C.A. Mey. ex Bong. – Gmelin's saltbush: in Asia and North America.
 Atriplex intracontinentalis Sukhor.: from Central Europe to Asia.
 Atriplex laevis C.A. Mey.: in Asia, naturalized in eastern Europe.
 Atriplex latifolia Wahlenb.: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex littoralis L. – Grass-leaved orache: in Eurasia and North Africa.
 Atriplex longipes Drejer – Long-stalked orache: in northern Europe.
 Atriplex micrantha C.A. Mey.: in Asia, naturalized in Europe.
 Atriplex nudicaulis Boguslaw – Baltic saltbush: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex patula L. – Common orache, spreading orache: in Eurasia and North Africa.
 Atriplex praecox Hülph. – Early orache: in northern Europe.
 Atriplex prostrata Moq. – Spear-leaved orache, thin-leaved orache, triangle orache, fat hen: in Eurasia and North Africa.
 C4-Atriplex-Clade: containing the majority of species. The traditional classification into sections (sect. Obione, sect. Pterochiton, sect. Psammophila, sect. Sclerocalymma, sect.Stylosa) did not reflect the phylogenetical relationships and was rejected by Kadereit et al. (2010).
Atriplex acanthocarpa (Torr.) S. Watson: in North America.
 Atriplex acutibractea Anderson: in Australia.
 Atriplex altaica Sukhor.: in Asia.
 Atriplex angulata Benth.: in Australia.
 Atriplex billardierei (Moq.) Hook. f.: in Australia.
 Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. – Chamiso, chamiza, four-winged saltbush, grey sagebrush: in North America.
 Atriplex centralasiatica Iljin: in Asia.
 Atriplex cinerea Poir. – Grey saltbush, truganini: in Australia
 Atriplex codonocarpa P.G. Wilson: in Australia.
 Atriplex conduplicata F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Frém.) S. Watson – Shadscale (saltbush): in North America.
 Atriplex cordobensis Gand. & Stuck.: in South America.
 Atriplex deserticola Phil.: in South America.
 Atriplex dimorphostegia Kar. & Kir.: in North Africa.
 Atriplex eardleyae Aellen: in Australia
 Atriplex elachophylla F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex fissivalvis F. Muell.: in Australia
 Atriplex flabellum Bunge ex Boiss.: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex gardneri (Moq.) D. Dietr. – Gardner's saltbush, moundscale: in North America
 Atriplex glauca L.: in Portugal, Spain and in North Africa.
 Atriplex halimus L. – Mediterranean saltbush, sea orache, shrubby orache: in south Europe, North Africa and southwest Asia.
 Atriplex herzogii Standl.: in North America.
 Atriplex holocarpa F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex hymenelytra (Torr.) S. Watson – Desert holly: in North America.
 Atriplex hymenotheca Moq.: in Australia.
 Atriplex imbricata (Moq.) D. Dietr.: in South America.
 Atriplex inamoena Aellen: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex intermedia Anderson: in Australia.
 Atriplex isatidea Moq.: in Australia.
 Atriplex laciniata L. – Frosted orache: In western and northern Europe.
 Atriplex lampa (Moq.) Gillies ex Small: in South America.
 Atriplex lehmanniana Bunge: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Watson – Quail bush: in North America.
 Atriplex leptocarpa F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex leucoclada Boiss.: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex leucophylla (Moq.) D. Dietr.: in North America
 Atriplex lindleyi Moq.: in Australia.
 Atriplex moneta Bunge ex Boiss.: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex muelleri Benth.: in Australia.
 Atriplex nessorhina S.W.L. Jacobs: in Australia.
 Atriplex nummularia Lindl. – Old man saltbush, giant saltbush: in Australia.
 Atriplex obovata Moq.: in North America.
 Atriplex pamirica Iljin: in Eurasia.
 Atriplex parishii S. Watson: in North America
 Atriplex parryi S. Watson: in North America
 Atriplex parvifolia Kunth: in South America.
 Atriplex patagonica (Moq.) D. Dietr.: in South America.
 Atriplex phyllostegia (Torr. ex S. Watson) S. Watson: in North America.
 Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Watson – Allscale (saltbush), desert saltbush, cattle saltbush, cattle spinach: in North America.
 Atriplex powellii S. Watson – Powell's saltbush: in North America.
 Atriplex pseudocampanulata Aellen: in Australia.
 Atriplex quinii F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex recurva d'Urv.: in Eurasia, endemic to areas around the Aegean.
 Atriplex rhagodioides F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex rosea L. – Tumbling orache: in Eurasia and North Africa.
 Atriplex rusbyi Britton ex Rusby: in South America.
 Atriplex schugnanica Iljin: in Asia.
 Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. – Australian saltbush, berry saltbush, creeping saltbush: in Australia.
 Atriplex semilunaris Aellen: in Australia.
 Atriplex serenana A. Nelson ex Abrams: in North America
 Atriplex sibirica L.; in Asia, naturalized in Europe.
 Atriplex sphaeromorpha Iljin: in Russia, Ukraine and Caucasus.
 Atriplex spinibractea Anderson: in Australia.
 Atriplex spongiosa F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex stipitata Benth.: in Australia.
 Atriplex sturtii S.W.L. Jacobs: in Australia.
 Atriplex suberecta I. Verd. – Sprawling saltbush, lagoon saltbush: in Australia.
 Atriplex tatarica Aellen: in Europe, North Africa and Asia.
 Atriplex turbinata (Anderson) Aellen: in Australia.
 Atriplex undulata (Moq.) D. Dietr.: in South America.
 Atriplex velutinella F. Muell.: in Australia.
 Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth. – Bladder saltbush: in Australia.

Selected species not yet investigated phylogenetically:

 Atriplex acadiensis – Maritime saltbush
 Atriplex acutiloba
 Atriplex alaskensis S. Watson – Alaska orache
 Atriplex amnicola Paul G. Wilson – River saltbush, swamp saltbush: in Australia, naturalized in California
 Atriplex × aptera
 Atriplex argentea – Silvery saltbush
 Atriplex asterocarpa
 Atriplex barclayana
 Atriplex bonnevillensis
 Atriplex bunburyana F.Muell.
 Atriplex cephalantha
 Atriplex cordifolia
 Atriplex cordulata
 Atriplex cornigera
 Atriplex coronata S. Watson: in California
 Atriplex corrugata
 Atriplex coulteri
 Atriplex crassipes
 Atriplex cristata
 Atriplex cryptocarpa
 Atriplex cuneata
 Atriplex depressa
 Atriplex dioica – Thick-leaved orache, saline saltbush
 Atriplex drymarioides
 Atriplex eichleri
 Atriplex elegans
 Atriplex erecticaulis
 Atriplex exilifolia F.Muell.
 Atriplex falcata – Sickle saltbush
 Atriplex flabelliformis
 Atriplex franktonii – Frankton's saltbush
 Atriplex fruticulosa
 Atriplex garrettii
 Atriplex graciliflora
 Atriplex griffithsii – Griffith's saltbush (sometimes included in A. lentiformis or A. torreyi)
 Atriplex hastata – Halberd-leaved orache, Spearscale (often included in A. patula)
 Atriplex heterosperma Bunge – Two-scaled orache: in Eastern Europe
 Atriplex humifusa
 Atriplex humilis F.Muell.
 Atriplex hypoleuca
 Atriplex incrassata F.Muell.

 Atriplex infrequens
 Atriplex johnsonii
 Atriplex johnstonii
 Atriplex klebergorum
 Atriplex kochiana Maiden
 Atriplex limbata
 Atriplex lobativalvis F.Muell.
 Atriplex macropterocarpa
 Atriplex matamorensis
 Atriplex maximowicziana – Maximowicz's saltbush
 Atriplex minuscula
 Atriplex minuticarpa
 Atriplex morrisii
 Atriplex nana
 Atriplex navajoensis
 Atriplex nuttallii S. Watson – Nuttall's saltbush: in North America
 Atriplex obconica
 Atriplex pachypoda
 Atriplex pacifica
 Atriplex paludosa R.Br.
 Atriplex papillata
 Atriplex persistens
 Atriplex plebeja
 Atriplex pumilio R.Br.
 Atriplex pusilla
 Atriplex quadrivalvata
 Atriplex saccaria
 Atriplex spinifera
 Atriplex spinulosa
 Atriplex subspicata
 Atriplex subtilis
 Atriplex tenuissima
 Atriplex texana
 Atriplex torreyi
 Atriplex tridentata
 Atriplex truncata – Wedge-leaved saltbush
 Atriplex tularensis
 Atriplex valdesii  Flores Olv., Mexico
 Atriplex vallicola
 Atriplex vestita
 Atriplex wardii
 Atriplex watsonii
 Atriplex welshii
 Atriplex wolfii
 Atriplex wrightii

Excluded species:
Extriplex:
 Extriplex californica (Moq.) E.H.Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex californica  Moq.)
 Extriplex joaquiniana (A.Nelson) E.H.Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex joaquiniana A.Nelson)
 Halimione Aellen:
Halimione pedunculata (L.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex pedunculata L.)
 Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex portulacoides L.)
 Halimione verrucifera (M.Bieb.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex verrucifera M.Bieb.)
 Stutzia E.H.Zacharias:
 Stutzia covillei (Standl.) E. H. Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex covillei (Standl.) J. F. Macbr.)
 Stutzia dioica (Nutt.) E. H. Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex suckleyi (Torrey) Rydberg, Atriplex ovata (Rydb.) Clem. & E. G. Clem.)

References

  (1999): Orach. In: Oxford Companion to Food: 556.

Category:Halophytes
Category:Drought-tolerant plants
Category:Garden plants
Category:Amaranthaceae
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Tarzwell, Ontario

Tarzwell is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Unorganized, West Part division of Timiskaming District.

Tarzwell was founded by the late James Tarzwell of Erin Township, ON.  James Tarzwell initially requested the name of 'Round Lake' for the community but he was informed by the Province of Ontario that the name Round Lake was already in use.  Thus the name 'Tarzwell' was selected.

The community is occasionally referred to as "Sheastown" or "Sheasville".

On November 16, the community gathers to celebrate the founder. Funyuns are commonly served.

The community is located on Highway 112, south of Kirkland Lake.

Category:Communities in Timiskaming District


Hova

Hova may refer to:
 Jay-Z, an  American rapper, businessman
 Hova (Madagascar), one of the three main social classes in the pre-colonial Kingdom of Imerina in Madagascar
 Hova, Sweden, a locality
 Battle of Hova, fought in 1275
 French destroyer Hova, a French ship which served in World War I
 , a World War II Free French and post-war French Navy frigate
 Helge Høva (1928–2010), Norwegian politician
 Hova, a character in the 2006 animated movie The Ant Bully, voiced by Julia Roberts


A Gamble with Hearts

A Gamble with Hearts is a 1923 British silent crime film produced by Master Films, directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring Milton Rosmer, Madge Stuart, and Olaf Hytten. The film was adapted from a novel by Anthony Carlyle.

Cast
 Milton Rosmer - Dallas Chalfont
 Madge Stuart - Morag Lannon
 Olaf Hytten - Dallas Junior
 Valia - Rosaleen Erle
 George Bishop - Inspector Duer
 Margaret Hope - Fanette Fraser
 Cecil Morton York - Vickers
 Mickey Brantford
 C. Hargrave Mansell
 Pat Fitzgerald

References

External links

Category:1923 films
Category:British films
Category:1920s crime films
Category:English-language films
Category:British silent feature films
Category:Films based on British novels
Category:Films directed by Edwin J. Collins

Category:British black-and-white films
Category:British crime films


Treaty of Berwick (1639)

The Treaty of Berwick (also known as the Peace of Berwick or the Pacification of Berwick) was signed on 19 June 1639 between England and Scotland. It ended minor hostilities the day before. Archibald Johnston was involved in the negotiations before King Charles was forced to sign the treaty. The agreement, overall, officially ended the First Bishops' War even though both sides saw it only as a temporary truce. After the treaty was signed, King Charles immediately began to gather the resources he needed in order to strengthen his armies. At the beginning of the Second Bishops' War, the agreement was broken. After a disastrous skirmish at Kelso between the English advance guard and the Scottish Covenanter Army, the Earl of Holland fled back to the king's headquarters at Berwick-upon-Tweed. The Earl of Antrim failed to establish negotiations in order to bring the Irish army over. This, along with the unsuccessful English naval campaign at Hamilton, meant that Charles was forced to sign a truce. He conceded to the Scots the right to a free church assembly and a free parliament.

References

See also
Bishops' Wars
List of treaties

Category:1639 in England
Category:1639 in Scotland
Category:History of Northumberland
Berwick (1639)
Berwick (1639)
Category:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Berwick
Category:England–Scotland relations


2019 New Orleans Privateers baseball team

The 2019 New Orleans Privateers baseball team represent the University of New Orleans (UNO) during the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Privateers play their home games at Maestri Field at Privateer Park as a member of the Southland Conference. They are led by head coach Blake Dean, in his 4th season at UNO.

Preseason

SLC media poll
The SLC media poll was released on February 7, 2019 with the Privateers predicted to finish 7th, the position they finished the past three seasons.

Preseason All-SLC teams

1st Team
Beau Bratton – Catcher

2nd Team
Pearce Howard – Outfielder

Reference:

Personnel

Roster

Reference:

Coaching staff

Reference:

Schedule

All rankings from Collegiate Baseball.

Reference:

References

Category:New Orleans Privateers baseball seasons
New Orleans Privateers
New Orleans baseball


Hargrave House (Statesville, North Carolina)

Hargrave House was a historic home located near Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1860, and is a two-story, three bay, Late Greek Revival style frame dwelling.  It features a two-story center bay portico supported by Doric order columns.  Also on the property is a contributing smokehouse.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

References

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Category:Greek Revival houses in North Carolina
Category:Houses completed in 1860
Category:Houses in Iredell County, North Carolina
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Iredell County, North Carolina


Richard in Your Mind

Richard in Your Mind are an Australian psychedelic pop band from Sydney. They were formed in 2006 by then house-mates Richard Cartwright and Conrad Richters and expanded in 2008 with Pat Torres and Jordy Lane and later adding Brent Griffin (aka SPOD) and Alyx Dennison (from Sydney duo kyü). They released their debut album, The Future Prehistoric, in December 2007 and two years later followed it up with their online only Summertime EP. Their second album, My Volcano, was released in 2010  and soon followed by third album SUN in 2011. Their latest album Ponderosa was released on 29 August 2014.

Musical Style
Richard in Your Mind have been described as borrowing their sound and style from 60's psychedelic pop, Strawberry Fields era Beatles, and distinctly modern hip hop and electronic influences and recording styles. This combination is described as 'sampledelica'. These broad musical influences are reflected in the band's choice of instrumentation outside the generic guitar/bass/drums, the artists choosing to use eastern strings and percussion, as well as spoken word samples and breakbeats. Their stage presence, use of props and elaborate decoration in their live performance has been well received by the Australian music media and are an homage to the elaborate shows of other neo-psychedelia bands such as The Flaming Lips.

Reception and Critical Success
Richard in Your Mind were the 2007 Triple J Unearthed winners, the result of which was an opening slot on that year's Big Day Out festival lineup. In 2010, their video for "Candelabra" (directed by SPOD) was a J Award nominee  and their album My Volcano was nominated for the 2011 AMP.

Discography
The Future Prehistoric (2007) - Broken Stone
Summertime EP (2009) - Rice Is Nice
My Volcano (2010) - Rice Is Nice
Sun (2011) - Rice Is Nice
Mozzarella EP (2012) - Rice Is Nice
Ponderosa (2014) - Rice Is Nice
Super Love Brain (2018) - Rice Is Nice

References

External links
Richard in Your Mind website
Richard in Your Mind on Rice is Nice

Category:New South Wales musical groups


Congolese (Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the United Kingdom

Congolese in the United Kingdom consist of immigrants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo living in the United Kingdom as well as their British-born descendants. The demonym Congolese can also refer to people from the Republic of Congo, of whom there are fewer living in the UK.

Despite the DRC being the fourth most populated nation in Africa, people born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are only the 18th largest group of Africans living in the UK. According to the 2001 UK Census 8,569 Congolese-born people were residing in the UK. The majority of Congolese in the United Kingdom have come as political refugees. Congolese migration to the UK is a recent phenomenon, starting in the late 1980s. Significant numbers of Congolese have been coming to the UK as refugees since the early 1990s. According to official data, larger Congolese populations are found in Belgium and France.

There are currently thought to be more than the 8,569 Congolese people recorded in the 2001 census in the UK. Some 11,000 Congolese people are estimated to reside in London, with large numbers being found in Hackney, Victoria and Tottenham, where a community of 3,000 Congolese individuals reside. In 2006, community leaders suggested that there might be 30,000 to 40,000 Congolese in the UK, though the International Organization for Migration considers these to be unreliable estimates.

Notable individuals

Notes

External links

Category:African diaspora in the United Kingdom

Category:Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin


L'Union Saint Jean-Baptist d'Amerique (Woonsocket, Rhode Island)

The L'Union Saint Jean-Baptiste d'Amerique is a historic building at 1 Social Street in Woonsocket, Rhode Island.  Built in 1926, it housed a fraternal benefit society for French Canadian Roman Catholic immigrants for many years, serving a significant immigrant population in the community.  The building is also a prominent example of Classical Revival architecture, designed by a French Canadian immigrant architect, Walter Fontaine.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Description and history
The L'Union Saint Jean-Baptist d'Amerique building occupies a prominent site at the northern end of Woonsocket's Monument Square, at the southern corner of Social and Worrall Streets.  It is a four-story masonry structure, built mainly out of brick but with a limestone facade.  The facade faces west toward Social Street and Monument Square, and is dominated by monumental Corinthian columns and pilasters that rise from the second floor to an entablature beneath the projecting cornice.  It is eight bays wide, with the outermost bays housing single sash windows, and the inner ones consisting of paired sash windows recessed between the columns.  Panels of garlanded stone separate the windows in the inner bays.  The ground-floor storefronts have a modern exterior, which has been applied over the original pressed metal storefronts.

L'Union Saint-Jean-Baptiste d’Amerique (USJB) was founded in 1900 to serve a burgeoning French Canadian immigrant population in New England and the United States, drawn by the prospect of employment in the many textile mills. In Woonsocket, for example, by 1900 fully 60% of the city's population was of French Canadian extraction, and by 1920 it was among the most French cities in the country.  The USJB was a national organization which provided a support network for French Canadians, particularly supporting the continuation of French Canadian language and culture; its official language was French, and its membership was required to be Roman Catholic.  The organization was originally headquartered in a building on Clinton Street, and had this building erected as its headquarters in 1926.  It maintained its headquarters here until 1991, when it merged with Catholic Family Life Insurance.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence County, Rhode Island

References

Category:Buildings and structures in Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Category:French-Canadian culture in Massachusetts
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Providence County, Rhode Island


List of ski areas and resorts in Oceania

This is a list of ski areas and resorts in Oceania.

Australia

 Skiing in the Australian Capital Territory:
Corin Forest
 Skiing in New South Wales:
Charlotte Pass
Perisher
Blue Cow Mountain
Guthega
Perisher Valley
Smiggin Holes
Selwyn Snowfields
Thredbo
Skiing in Tasmania:
Ben Lomond
Mount Mawson
Skiing in Victoria:
Falls Creek
Lake Mountain
Mount Baw Baw
Mount Buffalo
Mount Buller
Mount Hotham
Dinner Plain
Mount St Gwinear
Mount Stirling

New Zealand

Oceania
Ski
Category:Skiing in Oceania

Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Australia


St Edward's GAA

St Edward’s Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is an amalgamation consisting of Rathcoffey GAA, Straffan GAA and Cappagh GAA clubs for the purposes of fielding juvenile football teams. St Edward’s fields teams with Rathcoffey and Straffan GAA at all official age groups from Under 8 up to Under 14. From Under 15 to Under 21 the St Edwards amalgamation includes Cappagh GAA.

Category:Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in County Kildare
Category:Gaelic football clubs in County Kildare


The Kissing Bandit

The Kissing Bandit may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
The Kissing Bandit (film), a 1948 film starring Frank Sinatra and Kathryn Grayson
Jojo the Kissing Bandit, a character in the Avatar: The Last Airbender trading card game
An episode of The Love Boat

People
Adriano Belli (born 1977), defensive tackle in the Canadian Football League nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for his penchant for kissing people on the cheek
Richard Dawson (1932–2012), actor and game show host nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for kissing female contestants while hosting Family Feud
Morganna (born 1954), buxom entertainer nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for running onto baseball fields and kissing select baseball players throughout the 1970s and 1980s
Edna Murray (1898–1966), criminal who got the nickname "Kissing Bandit" after kissing her victim during a robbery
Valentine Phantom, nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for decorating the business district of Boulder, Colorado, United States, with red hearts on Valentine's Day


30th Street and Dolores station

30th Street and Dolores is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro J Church line, located in the Bernal Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, California.

History
The San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway (SF&SM), later part of the Market Street Railway system, began operation on April 27, 1892. The line ran on 30th Street between Guerrero Street and Chenery Street. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the URR rerouted the San Mateo line to Mission Street; Embarcadero–Daly City route 26 and Embarcadero–Sunnyside route 10 continued to operate on the ex-SF&SM on Church Street. Service on Church over the former SF&SM route ended on January 27, 1940, when route 10 was discontinued.

J Church and N Judah trains began using an extension of the J Church line along 30th Street and San Jose Avenue for carhouse moves on August 31, 1991. Although these trips were open to passengers, the extension and its stops did not open for full-time service until June 19, 1993.

In March 2014, Muni released details of the proposed implementation of their Transit Effectiveness Project (later rebranded MuniForward), which included a variety of stop changes for the J Church line. Boarding bulbs would be added at 30th Street and Dolores so that passengers would no longer have to cross a lane of traffic to board trains. A more limited preliminary project announced in November 2019 will include some modifications to the stop.

References

External links

SFMTA: 30th St & Dolores St inbound and outbound
SF Bay Transit (unofficial): 30th St & Dolores St

Category:Muni Metro stations
Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 1991


Lars Björn

Lars Gunnar Raldo "Lasse" Björn (born 16 December 1931 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a retired ice hockey defenceman who played 217 games for the national team Tre Kronor. He won nine Swedish ice hockey championships with Djurgårdens IF between 1950 and 1963, making him the only player ever to have won that many championships. He participated at nine IIHF World Championship tournaments, winning gold in 1953 and 1957 and three bronze medals. He participated in three Winter Olympics, winning one bronze medal in 1952. He was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998.

He is the maternal grandfather of retired player Douglas Murray, a Cornell University alumnus who played defense for the San Jose Sharks, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Montreal Canadiens.

References

Category:1931 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Stockholm
Category:Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Category:Ice hockey players at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Category:Ice hockey players at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Category:Ice hockey players at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Category:International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame inductees
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Category:Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden
Category:Swedish ice hockey defencemen
Category:Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Category:Medalists at the 1952 Winter Olympics


2013 Aberto de Tênis do Rio Grande do Sul – Singles

Simon Greul was the defending champion, but chose not to compete.

Facundo Argüello won the title, defeating Máximo González in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

References
 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Aberto de Tenis do Rio Grande do Sul - Singles
2013 Singles


The Light in the Piazza

The Light in the Piazza may refer to:

 The Light in the Piazza (novel), 1960 novella written by Elizabeth Spencer
 Light in the Piazza (film), a 1962 movie starring Olivia de Havilland
 The Light in the Piazza (musical), a 2003 stage musical.


Angel García (sprinter)

Angel Garcia (10 October 1919 – 25 January 1996) was a Cuban sprinter who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He finished second in the 1951 Pan American Games 4×100 metre relay (with Rafael Fortún, Raúl Mazorra, and Jesús Farrés). García also finished fifth in the 1951 Pan American Games 400 metres.

Competition record

References

Category:1919 births
Category:1996 deaths
Category:Cuban male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Cuba
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for Cuba
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Pan American Games


Atilio Boveri

Atilio Boveri was born in Rauch, Buenos Aires on 6 April 1885. He was a leading figure in the visual arts of Argentina, who worked as a painter, engraver, ceramist, and architect, as well as a historian, journalist, and writer.

He was director of the .

Boveri died in his home in Manuel B. Gonnet on 17 February 1949.

References

Category:1885 births
Category:1949 deaths
Category:People from Buenos Aires
Category:Argentine painters
Category:Argentine male painters


18th Helpmann Awards

The 18th Annual Helpmann Awards for live performance in Australia was held across two nights; the Curtain Raiser Ceremony on 15 July 2018 at the Sydney Town Hall and the Awards Ceremony on 16 July 2018 at the Capitol Theatre, Sydney. Nominations were announced on 18 June 2018.

Major recipients included dance work Bennelong (six awards including Best New Australian Work and Best Dance Production), musicals Beautiful (five awards including Best Musical) and Muriel's Wedding (five awards including Best Original Score), opera Hamlet (four awards including Best Opera), and play The Children (three awards including Best Play).

Recipients and nominations

Theatre

Musicals

Opera and Classical Music

Dance and Physical Theatre

Contemporary Music

Other

Industry

Lifetime Achievement

References

Category:2018 theatre awards
Category:Helpmann Awards
Category:2018 in Australia
Category:2018 music awards


Jo Freeman

Jo Freeman (born August 26, 1945) is an American feminist, political scientist, writer and attorney. As a student at the University of California, Berkeley in the 1960s, she became active in organizations working for civil liberties and the civil rights movement. She went on to do voter registration and community organization in Alabama and Mississippi and was an early organizer of the women's liberation movement. She authored several classic feminist articles as well as important papers on social movements and political parties. She has also written extensively about women, particularly on law and public policy toward women and women in mainstream politics.

Early life and education
She was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1945. Her mother Helen was from Hamilton, Alabama, and had served during World War II as a first lieutenant in the Women's Army Corps, stationed in England. Soon after Jo's birth she moved to Los Angeles, California where she taught junior high school until shortly before her death from emphysema. Freeman attended Birmingham High School, but graduated in the first class of Granada Hills High School in 1961. She received her BA with honors in political science from UC Berkeley in 1965. She began her graduate work in political science at the University of Chicago in 1968 and completed her PhD in 1973. After four years of teaching at the State University of New York she went to Washington, DC as a Brookings Fellow and stayed another year as an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellow. She entered New York University School of Law in 1979 as a Root-Tilden Scholar and received her JD degree in 1982. She was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1983.

Freeman moved to Park Slope, Brooklyn in 1979 to attend law school and has lived in Kensington, Brooklyn since 1985.

Student activist at Berkeley
At Berkeley, Freeman was active in the University Young Democrats and the campus political party, SLATE. SLATE worked to abolish nuclear testing, to eliminate the University's ban on controversial speakers, and to improve undergraduate education at Cal. It developed a guide to classes and professors entitled the SLATE Supplement to the General Catalog,  for which Freeman wrote reviews of professors and their courses. One of SLATE's fundamental principles was that students should have the same rights to take stands on issues on campus that they had as citizens off campus. The University had restricted such activity since the 1930s. It became a major issue when the civil rights movement came to the Bay Area in the fall of 1963 because students wanted to support the movement on campus as well as off.

In the fall of 1964 the question was dramatized when student organizations set up tables on campus to solicit money and recruit students for off-campus political action in defiance of the ban. One person was arrested and several students were issued administrative citations. After a mass arrest was narrowly avoided by last minute negotiations with University president Clark Kerr, the Free Speech Movement (FSM) was formed by the student groups to continue the struggle. Freeman represented the University Young Democrats on the FSM executive committee. After two months of fruitless negotiations, Freeman was one of "the 800" students who were arrested for sitting in at the main administration building on December 2–3, 1964. This was the biggest mass arrest in California history. The publicity it generated compelled the Regents of the University to change the rules so that students could pursue political issues on campus.

Civil rights activist
When the civil rights movement came to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1963, it picketed local employers who didn't hire blacks. Demonstrations were organized at Lucky supermarket and Mel's Drive-In to get them to sign hiring agreements. Success here was followed by unsuccessful negotiations with San Francisco's most elegant hotels and several automobile dealers. Freeman was one of 167 demonstrators arrested at the Sheraton-Palace Hotel  in March 1964, and one of 226 arrested at the Cadillac agency in April. She was acquitted in her first trial and convicted in her second, resulting in a fifteen-day jail sentence. Her second trial kept her from attending the 1964 Freedom Summer project in Mississippi. After it ended she hitchhiked  to the 1964 Democratic National Convention in August in Atlantic City, New Jersey to support the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party's petition to be seated in place of the all-white regular Mississippi delegation.

Following graduation from UC Berkeley, Freeman joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's (SCLC) summer project, SCOPE (Southern Community Organization and Political Education). When the summer was over, she joined the SCLC staff as a field worker. For the next year she did voter registration in Alabama and Mississippi, spending a few days in jail in both states. In August 1966, when she was working in Grenada, Mississippi, the Jackson Daily News published an exposé of her work as a "professional agitator" on its editorial page, implying that she was a communist sympathizer. Accompanied by five photographs, including one taken at Cal during the FSM, this made her a potential target for Mississippi death squads. Thirty years later a federal court order disclosed that these were provided to the newspaper by the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission. An informant had documented Freeman's participation in the FSM and recognized her in Grenada. Concerned for her safety, SCLC sent Freeman back to Atlanta, where she worked in the main office and also as Coretta Scott King's assistant for six weeks. In October she was sent to work with SCLC's Chicago project. As the SCLC 's Chicago project faded out, Freeman went to work for a community newspaper, the West Side TORCH. When this job ended she tried to find jobs as a journalist and photographer in Chicago, where she was told that girls can't cover riots. Eventually she found work as a re-write editor for a trade magazine, later becoming a freelance writer.

Women's liberation activist and author
In June 1967 Freeman attended a "free school" course on women at the University of Chicago led by Heather Booth and Naomi Weisstein. She invited them to organize a woman's workshop at the then-forthcoming National Conference of New Politics (NCNP), to be held over Labor Day weekend 1967 in Chicago. A woman's caucus led by Freeman and Shulamith Firestone was formed at that conference and tried to present its own demands to the plenary session. The women were told their resolution was not important enough for a floor discussion and when through threatening to tie up the convention with procedural motions they succeeded in having their statement tacked to the end of the agenda, it was never discussed. When the National Conference for New Politics Director William F. Pepper refused to recognize any of the women waiting to speak and instead called on someone to speak about the American Indian, five women, including Firestone, rushed the podium to demand to know why.  William F. Pepper patted Firestone on the head and said, "Move on little girl; we have more important issues to talk about here than women's liberation," or possibly, "Cool down, little girl. We have more important things to talk about than women's problems."

Freeman and Firestone called a meeting of the women who had been at the "free school" course and the women's workshop at the conference—this became the first Chicago women's liberation group, known as the Westside group because it met weekly in Freeman's apartment on Chicago's west side. After a few months Freeman started the newsletter Voice of the women's liberation movement. It circulated all over the country (and in a few foreign countries), and gave the new movement its name. Many of the women in the Westside group went on to start other feminist organizations including the Chicago Women's Liberation Union.

In the fall of 1968 Freeman enrolled in graduate school in political science at the University of Chicago. However, she took courses outside the discipline which would give her an opportunity to explore the research on women, sex roles and related topics. Most of the term papers she wrote were later published in various magazines and in college textbooks. When consciousness about women at the University was raised by a sit-in prompted by the firing of a popular female professor, Freeman led efforts to examine women's experiences at the University and in academia. These included teaching a "free course" on the legal and economic position of women early in 1969, chairing the student subcommittee of the new Committee on University Women, and organizing a major campus conference on women the following fall.

At the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA) in 1969, she helped to found the Women's Caucus for Political Science, eventually serving as its treasurer for one year. She also served on APSA's Committee on the Status of Women.

As a result of her publications, Freeman was invited to speak at many other colleges and universities, mostly in the Midwest. She spent the summers of 1970 and 1971 hitchhiking through Europe distributing feminist literature. Her lecture at the University of Oslo in 1970 is credited for sparking its first new feminist group. The literature she distributed was also a boon to feminists in the Netherlands.

Although Freeman had not been active in Democratic Party politics since leaving California in 1965 (except for a brief stint on Eugene McCarthy's 1968 Presidential campaign), she ran for delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention in order to put Shirley Chisholm's name on the ballot. She came in ninth out of 24 candidates in Chicago's first district and attended the convention as an alternate with the Chicago Challenge Delegation that unseated Mayor Daley's hand-picked slate. She later worked on California Senator Alan Cranston's 1984 Presidential campaign and became active in Democratic Party politics in Brooklyn, New York.

Freeman wrote four classic feminist papers under her movement name "Joreen", which analyzed her experiences in the women's liberation movement. The most widely known is The Tyranny of Structurelessness, which argued there is no such thing as a structureless group; power is simply disguised and hidden when structure is unacknowledged and that all groups and organizations need clear lines of responsibility for democratic accountability, a notion that underlies the theory of democratic structuring. The 1969 BITCH Manifesto is considered an early example of language reclamation by a social movement, as well as a celebration of non-traditional gender roles. A third article, Trashing: The Dark Side of Sisterhood, illuminated an aspect of the women's movement that many participants experienced but few wanted to discuss openly. The 51 Percent Minority Group: A Statistical Essay appeared in the 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Robin Morgan.

Freeman's 1973 dissertation analyzed the two branches of the women's movement, arguing that they were separated more by generation and experience than by ideology. What she called the "younger branch" was started by women with experience in civil rights, anti-war, and New Left student activism. The "older branch" was founded by women who had been members of or worked with the President's Commission on the Status of Women and related state Commissions. The latter branch gave rise to such organizations as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL). The resulting book, The Politics of Women's Liberation, was published in 1975 and won the APSA's prize for the best scholarly work on women in politics. Freeman wrote The Bitch Manfesto in fall of 1968. In this work, Freeman notes that women are labeled as a bitch in society based on three principles, their personality, orientation, and physicality. Freeman argues that women that are labeled "a bitch" are often seen as aggressive or as a man hater. Jo Freeman asked women to embrace their inner bitch, noting that it is difficult to make societal change without angering people (and therefore receiving the bitch label). The Bitch Manifesto was disliked by many but, this made an impact on Feminism.

In 1977 Freeman became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).

Freeman is featured in the feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry.

Career in law and political science
Before receiving her PhD from the University of Chicago in 1973, Freeman taught for four years at the State University of New York. She then spent two years in Washington, DC as a fellow at the Brookings Institution and then as an APSA Congressional Fellow. With an increasing interest in public policy, and unable to find a full-time appointment in academia, Freeman decided to study law after she was offered a Root-Tilden Scholarship at New York University School of Law. She received a J.D. degree in 1982 and was admitted to the New York State Bar the next year. She maintained a private practice in Brooklyn, New York for many years, serving as counsel to women running for political offices and to pro-choice demonstrators.

Freeman has published 11 books and hundreds of articles. Most are on some aspect of women or feminism, but she also writes about social movements and political parties. Two of these are considered classics: "On the Origins of Social Movements" and "The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties." Women: A Feminist Perspective went into five editions and for many years was the leading introductory women's studies textbook. A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics (2000) also won a prize for scholarship given at the APSA.

She has continued to attend the major party political conventions, but as a journalist. Many of her articles are posted to her webpage, as are some of her photographs of political events and a small selection from her button collection.

Books
 The Politics of Women's Liberation: A Case Study of an Emerging Social Movement and Its Relation to the Policy Process (Longman, 1975; iUniverse, 2000).
 Women: A Feminist Perspective, editor (Mayfield, 1975, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1995).
 Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies, editor (Longman, 1983).
 Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties, editor with Victoria Johnson (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
 A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000).
 At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961–1965 (Indiana University Press, 2004).
 We Will Be Heard: Women's Struggles for Political Power in the United States (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).

Notes

References

Further reading
 Firestone, Shulamith, and Anne Koedt, eds. Notes from the Second Year. 1970.
 Freeman, Jo. At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961–1965. Indiana University Press, 2004.
 Freeman, Jo, "On the Origins of the Women's Liberation Movement from a Strictly Personal Perspective," in The Feminist Memoir Project, ed. by Rachel Blau DuPlessis and Ann Snitow. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998, pp. 171–196.
 Heirich, Max. The Beginning: Berkeley, 1964. Columbia University Press, 1970.
 Lønnå, Elisabeth. Stolthet og Kvinnekamp: Norsk Kinnesakforenings Historie Fra 1913. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1996.
 Scanlon, Jennifer. "Jo Freeman." Significant Contemporary American Feminists: A Biographical Sourcebook. Greenwood Press, 1999, pp. 104–110.

External links

 Jo Freeman's website
 Jo Freeman's writings at Seniorwomen.com

Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:American feminists
Category:American feminist writers
Category:American political scientists
Category:American women's rights activists
Category:Feminist studies scholars
Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni
Category:University of Chicago alumni
Category:New York University School of Law alumni
Category:American women lawyers
Category:20th-century American writers
Category:21st-century American writers
Category:20th-century women writers
Category:21st-century women writers
Category:People from Park Slope
Category:People from Kensington, Brooklyn


2008 Shannons V8 Touring Car National Series

The Shannons V8 Touring Car National Series was an Australian touring car series held for V8 Supercars. It was the inaugural running of the V8 Touring Car National Series, a third-tier series for V8 Supercars. The season began on 17 May 2008 at the Mallala Motor Sport Park and finished on 30 November at Sandown Raceway. The season consisted of four rounds, held across three different states.

The series was won by Chris Smerdon who was the only driver to finish all twelve races, but also won eight races. He finished 130 points ahead of Steve Ingwersen who was the only other driver to attend all four rounds.

Teams and drivers
The following teams and drivers have competed during the 2008 Shannons V8 Touring Car National Series.

Race calendar

Results and standings
The season consisted of four rounds held across three different states. Each round consisted of three races.

Drivers championship

References

See also
 2008 V8 Supercar season

Shannons
Category:V8 Touring Car Series


Philippine butterflyfish

The Philippine butterflyfish or panda butterflyfish, Chaetodon adiergastos, is a species of butterflyfish (family Chaetodontidae). It is found in the western Pacific, from the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan to Java and northwestern Australia.

It grows to a maximum length of 20 cm (nearly 8 in). The body is white with diagonal brown stripes on the sides. The dorsal, caudal, anal and pelvic fins are yellow. There are rounded broad black bands on the face, covering the eye, but not continuous from one side of the body to the other but with a separate black spot centered on the forehead.

It belongs to the large subgenus Rabdophorus which might warrant recognition as a distinct genus. In this group, it appears to belong to a loose group including such species as the black butterflyfish (C. flavirostris), diagonal butterflyfish (C. fasciatus), raccoon butterflyfish (C. lunula) and perhaps also the unusual red-tailed butterflyfish (C. collare). Although the coloration of this group varies quite a lot, they are all largish butterflyfishes with an oval outline, and most have a pattern of ascending oblique stripes on the flanks. Except in the red-tailed butterflyfish, there is at least a vestigial form of the "raccoon" mask, with a white space between the dark crown and eye areas.

The Philippine butterflyfish is found in coral reefs at depths of 1-30m and occurs in pairs or groups, usually near soft coral. Juveniles are solitary and found on shallow protected reefs or in estuaries.

Footnotes

References

  (2007): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45(1): 50–68.  (HTML abstract)
  [2008]: Chaetodon adiergastos. Retrieved 2008-SEP-01.
  (2007): Molecular phylogeny of Chaetodon (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 14: 77-86. PDF fulltext

External links

Category:Chaetodon


Bolnes

Bolnes is a Dutch village in the municipality of Ridderkerk in the province of South Holland. It is situated on the island IJsselmonde on the south bank of the river Nieuwe Maas, just east of the junction with the Hollandse IJssel, bordering on the municipality of Rotterdam.  In 2004, 7300 people lived in Bolnes.

Economy
Intensive farming and especially shipbuilding used to be the main employers, the latter attracting hundreds of migrant workers from Spain in the 1960s. Shipbuilding went into decline in the 1970s and closed down altogether in 1986. Farming has all but disappeared because the built up area was greatly extended during the last 50 years. Bolnes has lost much of its character as a working class village alongside the riverdike; apart from an adequate number of shops and a post office there is little employment in the village itself.

Transport
Many people commute to Ridderkerk, Rotterdam or Dordrecht, via the A16 motorway or otherwise. A regional bus line is the only form of public transport in the village itself. Indeed, the community of Ridderkerk (pop. 45.000) is one of the largest in the country without a single railway station. However, a tram connection is available only a stone's throw away across the border with the municipality of Rotterdam, leading to all sorts of train connections.

Category:Ridderkerk
Category:Populated places in South Holland


Thoughts on Flash

Thoughts on Flash is an open letter published by Steve Jobs, co-founder and then-chief executive officer of Apple Inc., on April 29, 2010. The letter criticized Adobe Systems' Flash platform and outlined reasons why the technology would not be allowed on the company's iOS hardware products, specifically iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. The letter drew immediate attention, with Adobe's CEO Shantanu Narayen firing back at Apple, stating that one of the issues in the criticism was due to Apple's own operating system rather than Flash technology, and other criticism was false. At the time, various media publications had different opinions on the topic, with some citing business motivations rather than technological, hypocrisy in the letter despite agreeing with Jobs, and outright accusations of lying. However, retroactively, more publications have agreed with Jobs, with notable mentions of poor performance of Flash on Android devices.

That month, Apple had revised its iPhone Developer Agreement, adding new developer restrictions, particularly that only "approved" programming languages would be allowed on App Store. The change impacted a number of companies that had developed tools for porting applications from their respective programming languages into native iPhone apps, with one prominent example being an Adobe-developed "Packager for iPhone" tool. The policy was criticized as anti-competitive, and in May 2010, there were talks about which US government agency would launch an antitrust investigation into the matter. The following September, Apple again revised its policy, removing restrictions on third-party development tools. In November 2011, Adobe announced that it was ceasing development of its Flash Player plug-in for mobile web browsers, and instead shifting its focus towards building tools for developing applications for mobile app stores. The company announced in July 2017 that it would discontinue Flash altogether by the year 2020.

"Thoughts on Flash" open letter
On April 29, 2010, Steve Jobs, the co-founder and then-chief executive officer of Apple Inc., published an open letter called "Thoughts on Flash" explaining why Apple would not allow Flash on the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. He cited the rapid energy consumption, computer crashes, poor performance on mobile devices, abysmal security, lack of touch support, and desire to avoid "a third party layer of software coming between the platform and the developer". He touched on the idea of Flash being "open", claiming "by almost any definition, Flash is a closed system". Jobs tried to dismiss the idea that Apple customers are missing out by being sold devices without Flash compatibility by quoting a number of statistics, concluding with "Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content."

Response
The letter drew immediate attention. In response to Jobs' accusations, Adobe's CEO Shantanu Narayen described the open letter as an "extraordinary attack", and, during an interview with The Wall Street Journal, called the problems mentioned by Jobs' "really a smokescreen". He further fired back at Apple, stating that computer crashes were due to Apple's operating system, and that allegations of battery drain were "patently false". Various publications had different opinions on the topic. Wireds Brian Chen had in a 2009 article claimed Apple would not allow Flash on the iPhone for business reasons, due to the technology being able to divert users away from the App Store. John Sullivan of Ars Technica agreed with Jobs, but highlighted the hypocrisy in his reasoning, writing; "every criticism he makes of Adobe's proprietary approach applies equally to Apple". Dan Rayburn of Business Insider accused Steve Jobs of lying, particularly the sentiment that most content on the Internet is available in a different format.

Retrospectively, more publications have agreed with Jobs. Ryan Lawler of TechCrunch wrote in 2012 "Jobs was right", adding Android users had poor experiences with watching Flash content and interactive Flash experiences were "often wonky or didn’t perform well, even on high-powered phones". Mike Isaac of Wired wrote in 2011 that "In [our] testing of multiple Flash-compatible devices, choppiness and browser crashes were common", and a former Adobe employee stated "Flash is a resource hog [...] It’s a battery drain, and it’s unreliable on mobile web browsers". Kyle Wagner of Gizmodo wrote in 2011 that "Adobe was never really able to smooth over performance, battery, and security issues".

iOS development
In April 2010, Apple announced changes to its iPhone Developer Agreement, with details on new developer restrictions, particularly that only apps built using "approved" programming languages would be allowed on App Store. The change impacted a number of companies that had developed tools for porting applications from their respective languages into native iPhone apps, with the most prominent example being Adobe's "Packager for iPhone", an iOS development tool in beta at the time. The New York Times quoted an Adobe supporter alleging the policy to be anti-competitive.

On May 3, 2010, New York Post reported that the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) were deciding which agency would launch an antitrust investigation into the matter.

In September 2010, after having "listened to our developers and taken much of their feedback to heart", Apple removed the restrictions on third-party tools, languages and frameworks, and again allowing the deployment of Flash applications on iOS using Adobe's iOS Packager.

On November 8, 2011, Adobe announced that it was ceasing development of the Flash Player plug-in for web browsers on mobile devices, and shifting its focus towards building tools to develop applications for mobile app stores. In July 2017, the company announced its intention to discontinue Flash (including security updates) altogether by the year 2020.

References

See also
Adobe Flash
iOS
Comparison of HTML5 and Flash

Category:Adobe Flash
Category:Criticisms of software and websites
Category:Open letters
Category:Steve Jobs