Cardiff town walls

Cardiff's town walls were a Medieval defensive wall enclosing much of the present day centre of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, which included Cardiff Castle. It measured 1280 paces or  in circumference and had an average thickness of between  and  and a height of .

It had five town gates and was first mentioned in the year 1111. Sections of the wall collapsed in the 18th century due to neglect, and many stones were then used as building material for other buildings in the town. The last large section of the wall was demolished in 1901. Now there are only two sections of the Medieval wall that still remain. One section of the wall supports a flower bed to the east of Cardiff Castle on Kingsway, and the second, larger section forms the rear of a shop on Queen Street in an unmarked alleyway immediately on the other side of Kingsway, between the Northgate Building and One Kingsway.

History of the wall

The wall was constructed by Robert Fitzhamon the Lord of Glamorgan, and was first mentioned in 1111 by Caradoc of Llancarfan in his book Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the Princes). By 1184, Maurice de Berkeley had built wooden palisades with South, North, East and West Gates. Gilbert de Clare later strengthened the defences of Cardiff Castle and the wooden palisades were replaced by stone walls. The town walls measured 1280 paces or  in circumference, with an average thickness of between  and  and a height of .

In 1404, forces of Owain Glyndŵr, the last native Prince of Wales, destroyed much of the wall by the West Gate. It may have been that the town was completely burnt down except for the Grey Friary outside the East Gate. In 1451, a charter granted by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, mentioned that Cardiff had been re-fortified, with new walls, towers, gates and ditches. A century later John Leland, in his Itinerary of 1536–39, described Cardiff as having a wall with five gates.

During the 16th century travelling writers described Cardiff's town wall as being intact, and it began to deteriorate around 1550 to 1560. In 1607 and 1703 Cardiff flooded, caused by a high tide and heavy rain, which would have caused damage to the west wall.

From the 18th century, the deterioration of the town wall progressed rapidly. It collapsed in sections due to neglect, and stones were then used as building material for other structures. It had become common practice for sections of the wall to be leased to burgesses (freemen of the town), which increased the rate of decline of the wall still further. Some of the wall was used to support the Glamorganshire Canal embankment.

In 1890, one of the last surviving sections of the wall was photographed (image right) at the rear of an old infant school in The Hayes. In 1901, this section was demolished to make way for the Cardiff fish market, which is now 9-11 The Hayes.

History of the gates

It has been recorded that the town wall included six gates; north, west, south, Gulley or Golate, Blaunch and west. However, there is little evidence to indicate that Golate or Gulley Gate was a proper gate instead of just a breach in a section of the wall that had already been ruined by flooding. By the end of the 18th century, all the gates in Cardiff's town wall were demolished. From John Speed's plan of Cardiff in 1610, the Golate was not shown, therefore, it seems likely that Cardiff only ever had five proper town gates.

The North Gate was also known as Senghennydd Gate or Sentry Gate. This was the main gate for travellers heading north to Senghennydd and Caerphilly. Its location spanned the present day Kingssway to the right of Cardiff Castle. It was illustrated several times by Paul Sandby between 1775 and 1776. Not long after Sandby's print was published in 1786, the North Gate was demolished to make room for the increasing traffic and the Glamorganshire Canal as recorded by Cardiff Council minutes 5 May 1786.

The East Gate was known only by one name, Porth Crockerton (Crockerton Gate). The gate spanned Crockherbtown Street, now known as Queen Street, for travellers heading east to Llanrumney and Newport. It already stood when, in 1171, William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester, the Lord of Glamorgan, mentioned it as the eastern boundary of the borough. It has been assumed that it may already have been a stone structure in 1171, while the rest of the walls were still made from wood. John Speed's 1610 plan (above) depicts the gate having a single arch, yet other accounts suggest that the gate may have had three arches. In a Cardiff Council meeting of 20 September 1791, it was decided that the East Gate should be demolished.

The South Gate was mentioned in 1536 when John Leland referred to this gate as Portllongey, which means Shipsgate. Locally it was known as Moor Gate because it led to Soundry or South Town and onto moorlands, today known as Butetown. The only evidence of this gate comes from John Speed's plan and the indication of the location on later maps. The gate stood where today the Great Western Hotel stands. The final mention of the South Gate comes from a Cardiff Council meeting of 1802 when it was decided to demolish the gate and parts of the wall.

There are no details known as to when Blaunch (or Blunch) Gate was actually built. It was not in the original palisade town wall in the 12th and 13th centuries. It seems likely that this gate was added when the town walls were rebuilt in the 15th century. In 1542, it was recorded as Blounts Yate, but before that it was known as Wales Gate. Later the name changed to Blaunch or Blounts Gate, named after the keeper of the gate. Nothing else is known about it. It is not shown on John Speed's plan or on a later drawing of 1678. It was later recorded in the Court of Bailiffs on 28 January 1785, that it was "Ordered that the gate near the Quay called the Blunch or Blount Gate be taken out"

The West Gate was also known as Millgate or Myllegate, although Rice Merrick () referred to the gate as Miskin Gate. The West Gate was first recorded in 1184, when it was still a timber building. A stone building replaced the timber construction and stood approximately  high and 25 feet wide. The gate was demolished after 20 September 1781 according to Cardiff Council minutes.

Cock's Tower, also known as Cokes Towre, and Cox's Tower, was a watchtower which stood on the east wall, on The Hayes. Some remains of it may still be traced. It stood on the bend of a moat, until about 1860, when it was demolished. Cock's Tower was situated on the site of St Davids shopping centre. When Oxford Arcade was demolished to make way for St Davids shopping centre, archaeologists tried to find remains of the town wall, as well as Cock's Tower, which was a medieval watchpost and dungeon until around the 16th century. Cock's Tower was demolished about 1860 and its foundations were destroyed in 1962.

Present day

The only remaining example of a Cardiff town gate is the reconstructed West Gate attached to Cardiff Castle reconstructed by the Bute family, which was constructed in 1860, on the approximate site of the old West Gate, this building is now a Grade II* listed building. It was restored in 1921, probably to its original size and dimensions.

The largest remaining section of the town wall now stands in an alleyway behind Queen Street, approximately  high,  long with a width of . It previously had a blue plaque attached to it. A blue plaque of the North Gate still remains on the Northgate Building close by. Another smaller section of the wall supports a flower bed next to Cardiff Castle.

Other connections with the town wall that still exist include the thoroughfares Westgate Street and Golate, plus the thoroughfare in St Davids shopping centre called the Town Wall and the Northgate Building, close to the original North Gate. St Davids shopping centre had been built on a boundary of the town wall. So when Oxford Arcade was demolished to make way for St Davids shopping centre, archaeologists tried to find remains of the town wall, as well as Cock's Tower, which was a medieval watchpost and dungeon until around the 16th century.

See also
List of town walls in England and Wales
Timeline of Cardiff history
History of Cardiff

Notes

Further reading

External links

 Herbert E. Roese (1998), Medieval Cardiff "http://web.onetel.net.uk/~herbertroese/Medievalcardiff.html"

Category:History of Cardiff
Category:City walls in the United Kingdom


James Fletcher Jnr

Sir James Muir Cameron Fletcher  (25 December 1914 – 29 August 2007), often known as Jim or JC Junior, was a New Zealand industrialist known for heading Fletcher Construction, one of the country's largest firms. His father, also Sir James Fletcher, founded the company in 1908.

Early life and family
Fletcher was born in Dunedin, New Zealand on Christmas Day 1914. He was James Senior's second son. In 1942, the year Fletcher Jnr became head of Fletcher Holdings, he married his office assistant, Margery Vaughan Gunthorp (born 9 February 1912 at Balclutha). She was treasurer of the Mental Health Foundation, and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1988 Queen's Birthday Honours.

James and Vaughan Fletcher had three children: Jim, Angus, and Hugh Fletcher. Their eldest son Jim was killed by an intruder at his Bay of Plenty bach (holiday home) on New Year's Eve 1993. Angus married Christine Fletcher, former Minister of the Crown and Mayor of Auckland, and Hugh now runs Fletcher Holdings.

Fletcher Construction
In 1937, Fletcher joined his father's construction business. Following the election of the First Labour Government in 1935, Fletcher senior established an enduring friendship with the government, leading to Fletchers' building some of the first state houses in New Zealand. When Fletcher senior was seconded by the government in 1942, his son took over the running of Fletcher Holdings. At the time he was just 27 years old. Among his achievements was the forestry joint venture with the Holland National Government in the 1950s to build the Tasman Pulp and Paper Company mill at Kawerau. He was chairman of Fletcher Holdings from 1972 to 1981 and was president of the new Fletcher Challenge conglomerate from 1981. He resigned as a director of the company in 1990.

Honours and awards
In the 1980 New Year Honours, Fletcher was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for services to industry and the community. In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Member of the Order of New Zealand, the country's highest civilian honour.

References

Further reading

Category:1914 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:Members of the Order of New Zealand
Category:New Zealand businesspeople
Category:New Zealand Knights Bachelor
James Muir Cameron
Category:Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Category:People from Dunedin


Richard K. Olney

Richard Koch Olney (December 15, 1947 – January 27, 2012) was an American physician who was a pioneer in clinical research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He was born in Munich, Germany. He was the founder and director of the ALS Treatment and Research Center at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2004 he was forced to retire after being diagnosed with ALS. He died of ALS at his home in Corte Madera, California in 2012. Olney grew up in Norman, Oklahoma. He earned bachelor's degrees in chemistry, mathematics and zoology from the University of Oklahoma where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1968. He earned his M.D. from the Baylor College of Medicine in 1973 and then pursued further medical studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center.

References

Further reading
 Top neurologist diagnosed with disease he fought - Boston.com
 Diagnosed with rare disease he studied for years, Dr. Olney struggles to find donors - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 Dr. Richard Olney dies: expert on, victim of ALS - SFGate

Category:1947 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:American neurologists
Category:Baylor College of Medicine alumni
Category:University of Oklahoma alumni
Category:University of California, San Francisco faculty
Category:Deaths from motor neuron disease
Category:People from Norman, Oklahoma
Category:People from Munich
Category:People from Corte Madera, California


Udny Parish Church

Udny Parish Church is a congregation of the Church of Scotland at Udny Green, Aberdeenshire in the north-east of Scotland, some 15 miles north of Aberdeen. Formerly known as Christ's Kirk, it was designed by the City of Aberdeen architect John Smith in 1821. Sited on the north edge of the village green, it is within the ancient Udny Parish and the Formartine committee area. It is a Category B listed building.

Architecture
Constructed from granite in 1821 to the plans of the City of Aberdeen architect, John Smith, this was the first of his ecclesiastical designs to utilise a Tudor-Gothic style. The southern elevation has a four-stage tower with an arched entrance with a hood mould and a curved window above. The tower protrudes from the main rectangular body of the church, which forms symmetrical gables to either side and features elongated arched windows. A broad slated roof tops the main part of the structure and it has pinnacles on the four outside corners. Similar spires are in each corner of the tower above a crenellated parapet.

A clock face is set at the top of the south facing side of the tower. It bears a dated stone, 1895, but it is uncertain whether this date applies to the clock itself or if the final stage of the tower was added in that year. The inscribed bell was made by Thomas Mears II.

The single-storey harled session house and vestry are sited on the opposite side at the rear elevation of the church. Four plain-glass windows are installed on the west and east elevations. Access is also available on the east side through a side door.

In 1890 Alexander Marshall Mackenzie undertook internal restoration work and the roof was replaced.
Harrison & Harrison made the pipe organ, which is positioned to the rear of the pulpit. It is of the manual action type. Stained glass panels were placed in the existing three mullioned window on the north gable in 1927.

As there is no burial ground attached to the church, burials take place at the nearby Old Church yard instead.

References
Citations

Bibliography

Category:Churches completed in 1821
Category:Church of Scotland churches in Scotland
Category:Churches in Aberdeenshire
Category:Category B listed buildings in Aberdeenshire


Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding

The Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding is an interdisciplinary research centre at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies which is housed at the Maison de la paix in Geneva. The Centre is staffed by several prominent researchers such as: director Keith Krause, Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou, Thomas J. Biersteker, Anna Leander, Jonathan Luke Austin,  and Jean-Louis Arcand.

Founding
The Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding (CCDP) was founded in 2008 by Keith Krause, Thomas J. Biersteker, Ricardo Bocco and Gilles Carbonnier, following the merger of HEI and IUED into the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.

Expertise
The Centre specifically focuses on research in the following fields:
 Peacebuilding, Armed violence reduction, reconciliation, and the transformation of conflict;
 Community Policing, and informal security provision, particularly in urban settings;
 Security sector reform;
 Critical security studies;
 Development, extractive industries and the political economy of violence.

External links
 Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding official website

References

Category:Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Category:Research institutes in Switzerland
Category:Peace organisations based in Switzerland
Category:Maison de la Paix
Category:Organisations based in Geneva


Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Basic Sciences

Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Basic Sciences is an institute set up Government of Kerala, India, as an R&D institution under Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) for the promotion research in basic sciences. The decision to create the  institution was taken by Government of Kerala as part of the 125th birth anniversary celebrations of the legendary  Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan and the formation of the institute was announced by Oommen Chandy, Chief Minister of Kerala, on 13 January 2012. The institute was formally inaugurated on 7 February 2013.  It is currently  functioning in the campus of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala. An Advisory Board chaired by E.C.G. Sudarshan helps the institute in shaping its academic activities. Since its inception, the institute has been organising various academic programmes like colloquia and workshops on a regular basis.

References

Category:Srinivasa Ramanujan
Category:Education in Kottayam
Category:Research institutes in Kerala


Lentvaris Manor

Lentvaris Manor was a former residential manor in Lentvaris, Trakai District Municipality, Lithuania.

References

Category:Manor houses in Lithuania


Gaillardia × grandiflora

Gaillardia × grandiflora (G. aristata × G. pulchella) is a perennial ornamental plant. Several cultivars exist, among them 'Arizona sun' and 'Arizona red shades'.

References

x grandiflora
Category:Garden plants
Category:Hybrid plants


Samereh-ye Sofla

Samereh-ye Sofla (, also Romanized as Sāmereh-ye Soflá) is a village in Mahidasht Rural District, Mahidasht District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 143, in 26 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Kermanshah County


Florida State Road 615

State Road 615 (SR 615), locally known as 25th Street, is a  long north–south commuter road serving St. Lucie County, Florida. Its northern terminus is an intersection with US 1 (SR 5) northeast of the St. Lucie County Airport in St. Lucie Village. The State Road 615 extends south along 25th Street, intersecting with Okeechobee Road (CR 770) and Virginia Ave. (SR 70) to an intersection with Edwards Road (CR 611). County Road 615 begins here (albeit unsigned) and extends  south to Port St. Lucie. At Midway Road (CR 712), the designation changes from 25th Street to St. James Drive. At the southern end of St. James Drive at Airoso Boulevard, the County Road 615 designation continues south on Airoso Boulevard until its southern terminus with Port St. Lucie Blvd. (SR 716), where Port St. Lucie's City Hall is located.

No state or county route signage exists south of Edwards Road in Fort Pierce.

Major intersections

References

External links
FDOT Map of St. Lucie County (Including SR & CR 615)

615
615
615
Category:Fort Pierce, Florida


Jorg Meyer

Jörg C. Meyer is the official scientific glassblower of the University of California, Irvine.

Meyer was born in Berlin, Germany, and learned glassblowing from his father and grandfather, who both worked in the same trade. He traveled to Australia, and blew glass for the Australian National University in Canberra, before moving again to Southern California. He was hired at UC Irvine by chemist Frank Sherwood Rowland at the founding of the university in 1965, and worked with Rowland and Mario J. Molina on their Nobel-prize-winning research on ozone depletion. As well as making scientific equipment for chemists, physicists, and atmospheric scientists, his creations have included a glass baseball mitt for Ralph J. Cicerone and a non-functional glass clarinet for UCI chemist Harold W. Moore.

Meyer has also developed stainless steel machinery for drying and purifying solvents, replacing previous methods using glassware that had a tendency to shatter. While working at UC Irvine in 1967, Meyer and his wife Allison founded a small company, GlassContour (now Seca Solvent Systems), through which he commercialized this purification process. The Meyers sold GlassContour in 2004 and in 2010 founded a second company, JC Meyer Solvent Systems, which also sells Meyer's stainless steel purification systems.

As well as for his glass and solvent purification work, Meyer is known for his appearance in a National Geographic magazine photo in 1965, riding a 40-foot whale shark as a professional diver in Australia. He is also a falconer and has helped to rehabilitate injured birds of prey.

In 2015, Meyer won the annual award for outstanding staff achievement of the UC Irvine Alumni Association.

References

External links
Science by Fire, 12-minute video documentary by Matthew Cunningham, University of Southern California, 2008

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:University of California, Irvine people
Category:Glassblowers
Category:German emigrants to the United States


Damiete H. Miller

Damiete Herbert Miller served as the Commissioner of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation in the First Executive Council of Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike. He was reappointed to the same position in September 2017.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Commissioners of ministries of Rivers State
Category:First Wike Executive Council
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Powervision TV

Powervision is a Malayalam Christian TV Channel with its Studio Complex and play-out station at Tiruvalla, Kerala State. Powervision Channel is unique for Christian Devotional Variety Programs. It was launched on 6 February 2006.

Powervision reach 100+ countries in Asia, Australia, Europe and America etc. through INTELSAT 17, IPTV & BOM TV.

The channel also offers a bouquet of entertainment and infotainment shows, focusing on music, family, women and children, health, spirituality and religion, among many others, making it relevant for all age groups and people from all walks of life.

The growth potential of the viewership is ensured by the support of more than 10,000 congregations and its members of Pentecostal community.

See also
 Harvest TV

References

Category:Malayalam-language television channels
Category:Television stations in Kerala
Category:Thiruvalla


Corner-point grid

In geometry, a corner-point grid is a tessellation of a Euclidean 3D volume where the base cell has 6 faces (hexahedron).

A set of straight lines defined by their end points define the pillars of the corner-point grid. The pillars have a lexicographical ordering that determines neighbouring pillars. On each pillar, a constant number of nodes (corner-points) is defined. A corner-point cell is now the volume between 4 neighbouring pillars and two neighbouring points on each pillar.

Each cell can be identified by integer coordinates , where the  coordinate runs along the pillars, and  and  span each layer. The cells are ordered naturally, where the index  runs the fastest and  the slowest.

Data within the interior of such cells can be computed by trilinear interpolation from the boundary values at the 8 corners, 12 edges, and 6 faces.

In the special case of all pillars being vertical, the top and bottom face of each corner-point cell are described by bilinear surfaces and the side faces are planes.

Corner-point grids are supported by most reservoir simulation software, and has become an industry standard.

Degeneracy

A main feature of the format is the ability to define erosion surfaces in geological modelling, effectively done by collapsing nodes along each pillar. This means that the corner-point cells degenerate and may have less than 6 faces.

For the corner-point grids non-neighboring connections are supported, meaning that grid cells that are not neighboring in ijk-space can be defined as neighboring. This feature allows for representation of faults with significant throw/displacement. Moreover, the neighboring grid cells do not need to have matching cell faces (just overlap).

References

 Corner Point Grid.  Open Porous Media Initiative
 Aarnes J, Krogstad S and Lie KA (2006). Multiscale Mixed/Mimetic Methods on Corner Point Grids  SINTEF ICT, Dept. Applied Mathematics

Category:Tessellation
Category:Geometry
Category:Petroleum production


Barbary Coast (film)

Barbary Coast is a 1935 American historical and drama film directed by Howard Hawks. Shot in black-and-white and set in San Francisco during the Gold Rush, the film combines elements of crime, Western, melodrama and adventure genres, featuring a wide range of actors, from good-guy Joel McCrea to bad-boy Edward G. Robinson, and stars Miriam Hopkins in the leading role as Mary 'Swan' Rutledge. In an early, uncredited appearance, David Niven plays a drunken sailor being thrown out of a bar.

Plot
On a foggy night in 1850, Mary Rutledge (Hopkins), accompanied by retired Colonel Marcus Aurelius Cobb (Frank Craven), arrives in San Francisco Bay aboard the Flying Cloud. A gold digger, she has come to wed the wealthy owner of a gold mine who lost his mine when the roulette wheel landed on red 13 times at the Bella Donna. The men at the wharf reluctantly inform her that her fiancé is dead, murdered most likely by Louis Chamalis (Robinson), the powerful owner of the Bella Donna restaurant and gambling house. Mary is upset, but quickly pulls herself together and asks the way to the Bella Donna.

Mary meets Chamalis and agrees to be his companion, not only for business reasons (as an attraction, she helps draw in customers), but for personal pleasure as well. Chamalis gives her the name 'Swan', and she becomes his female escort. She accompanies him on promenades in town, and he showers her with extravagant gifts. Their relationship sours quickly because Swan is angered by Chamalis's destructive power-mongering. She does not, however, mind running a crooked roulette wheel and cheating the miners out of their gold.

Colonel Cobb purchases a printing press, with the intention of starting a respectable newspaper for the people of San Francisco. His first issue includes an article criticizing an unpunished murder by Chamalis and his entourage. When Chamalis finds out, he threatens to destroy Cobb's printing press and burn down the building, but is halted by Swan. Chamalis demands that Cobb never print anything attacking him. The colonel unwillingly complies.

Swan becomes disillusioned with her life in San Francisco. Her distant behavior irks Chamalis. One morning, she sets out on horseback. When it begins to rain heavily, she seeks refuge in a seemingly abandoned cabin, where she meets poet and gold miner Jim Carmichael (McCrea). Swan is taken with him, but lies about her current situation after hearing his criticisms of the city. He gives her his book of poems as a memento.

Carmichael decides to return to New York. Because of fog the ship will not leave for a few days. He meets Chamalis' helper, Old Atrocity (Walter Brennan), who, seeing his bags of gold is happy to show him to the Bella Donna. Carmichael is surprised to find Mary working there. He is served drugged liquor and plays roulette at her table. He loses his composure, insults 'Swan' and eventually loses his money.

Carmichael wakes the following morning in the Bella Donna's kitchen. His eloquent speech impresses Chamalis, who hires him on the spot as a waiter. Carmichael's presence perturbs Mary, who offers him money to depart. Carmichael refuses, wishing to earn the fare on his own.

Cobb puts up a poster telling about a murder Chamalis ordered and how the Bella Donna cheats customers. Seeing it, Chamlis' henchman "Knuckles" Jacoby (Brian Donlevy) shoots both the man who put it up and the publisher when he tries to defend him. Dying, Cobb orders his assistant to print the truth. A vigilante group is formed and hangs Knuckles.

Devastated by Cobb's death, Mary acknowledges her love for Carmichael, and works the roulette table so that he wins back the gold he previously lost. Chamalis finds out and sets out to kill Carmichael, who has snuck into Mary's bedroom. The lovers decide to leave together. They find a rowboat and attempt to board the ship in the harbor. They have trouble seeing in the fog, but can hear Chamalis pursuing them. He shoots and injures Carmichael, and corners them beneath a pier. Mary begs him, as proof of his love for her, not to kill Carmichael. Chamalis agrees, but tells her he does not want her anymore. The sheriff arrives with a mob, and Chamalis allows himself to be taken away. Mary returns to Carmichael's side aboard the ship as it prepares to set sail.

Cast

Production
The film is based on the bestseller The Barbary Coast (1933) by Herbert Asbury. When the first draft of the script was submitted to Joseph Breen, he commented to Samuel Goldwyn that "The whole flavor of the story is one of sordidness, and low-tone morality."

After months of revisions by Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, the story changed from a story of an area of San Francisco where men came to find pleasure in drinking, prostitution, and gambling to a love story. Breen commented to Will Hays that it was now a love story "between a fine, clean girl" and a sentimental young man and that there was "no sex, no unpleasant details of prostitution" and contains "full, and completely compensating, value [...] the finest and most intelligent picture I have seen in many months".

Reception
Andre Sennwald of The New York Times found the film entertaining. Time felt it was "painfully uninspired". Scholastic, a magazine for youth recommended the film for its "authentic background and characters of the days of gold-discovery". Newsweek complained that the plot from the original book was thrown away. Canadian Magazine assured Canadians that the film had "nothing to do with the cheap, tawdry 'coast' " from the novel. Chicago threatened to ban the film. Goldwyn edited a few scenes, and the film was allowed to be exhibited there. The Chicago Legion of Decency condemned Barbary Coast. The Bishop of Los Angeles, John Cantwell, saw the movie with four other priests and enjoyed it; none found it immoral.

Writing for The Spectator in 1935, Graham Greene declared the film a triumphant success, describing it as "melodrama of the neatest, most expert kind, well directed, well acted and well written". Despite the film's use of what Greene regarded as a conventional plot, he lauded the "fresh and interesting" use of flawed characters to "make something real out of the hocus-pocus".

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Barbary Coast on Screen Guild Theater: June 24, 1946
 Diane Stevenson, "The Mixture of Genres in Two Films by Howard Hawks" in the Film and the Romantic special issue, Jeffrey Crouse (ed.), Film International, Vol. 7, No. 6, December 2009, pp, 24–31.

External links

Category:1935 films
Category:1930s historical films
Category:1930s Western (genre) drama films
Category:American films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:American Western (genre) drama films
Category:Barbary Coast, San Francisco
Category:English-language films
Category:Films scored by Alfred Newman
Category:Films directed by Howard Hawks
Category:Films set in 1850
Category:Films set in San Francisco
Category:Films set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:Gambling films
Category:Samuel Goldwyn Productions films
Category:California Gold Rush in fiction
Category:Films with screenplays by Ben Hecht
Category:Films with screenplays by Charles MacArthur


1951 New York Yanks season

The 1951 New York Yanks season was their second as the Yanks (previously being the New York Bulldogs), and their final season before the franchise folded. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 7–5, winning only one game. They played eight of their twelve games on the road, including seven of the first eight. The sole victory came at Green Bay in early December.  The final game against the neighboring Giants drew less than 6,700, played on an icy field with game time temperature of .

The baseball Yankees had the rights to  Yankee Stadium, so the football Yanks were forced to move their first two home games  onto the road, which were both  The World Series concluded in six games on October 10 and the first home football game came in week five on

Regular season

Schedule

 Friday night (September 28), Monday night (October 8)

Standings

References

1951
New York Yanks
New York Yanks


New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development

The Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) is the department of the government of New York City responsible for developing and maintaining the city's stock of affordable housing. Its regulations are compiled in title 28 of the New York City Rules. The Department is headed by a Commissioner, who is appointed by and reports directly to the Mayor. The current Commissioner of HPD is Louise Carroll, who was appointed by Mayor Bill de Blasio in May 2019. Former Commissioners have included Maria Torres-Springer, Vicki Been, and Shaun Donovan. HPD is headquartered in Lower Manhattan, and includes smaller branch offices in each of the city's five boroughs.

Overview
Established in 1978 in the wake of Local Law 45 of 1976, the Department is the largest municipal developer of affordable housing in the United States. HPD is currently in the midst of New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio's Housing New York initiative to create and preserve 300,000 units of affordable housing by 2026. In Fiscal Year 2017, The City of New York financed more than 32,116 affordable homes, breaking the all-time record previously set by former Mayor Ed Koch in 1989.

Organization
Commissioner of Housing
First Deputy Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner for Enforcement and Neighborhood Services
Deputy Commissioner for Asset and Property Management
Deputy Commissioner for Administration
Deputy Commissioner for Policy and External Affairs / Chief of Staff
Deputy Commissioner for Development
Deputy Commissioner for Legal Affairs
Deputy Commissioner for Intergovernment Affairs
Deputy Commissioner for Budget, Fiscal Performance and Analysis
President of the New York City Housing Development Corporation Eric Enderlin, President
Assistant Commissioner, Government Affairs Division

See also
New York City Housing Authority
Affordable housing in New York City

References

External links
New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development
 Department of Housing Preservation and Development in the Rules of the City of New York
New York City Housing Development Corporation in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
New York Housing Development Corporation

Housing Preservation and Development
Category:Housing in New York (state)


Robert Noble Jones

Robert Noble Jones (1 August 1864–29 June 1942) was a New Zealand lawyer, public servant and land court judge. He was born in Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland on 1 August 1864.

References

Category:1864 births
Category:1942 deaths
Category:Māori Land Court judges
Category:New Zealand public servants
Category:New Zealand judges
Category:People from Belfast
Category:Irish emigrants to New Zealand (before 1923)


Colin Blakely

Colin George Blakely (23 September 1930 – 7 May 1987) was a Northern Irish actor. He is perhaps known for his roles in the films A Man for All Seasons (1966), The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and Equus (1977).

Early life
Born in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, Blakely attended Sedbergh School in Yorkshire. At 18 he started work in his family's sports goods shop (the Athletic Stores on the corner of Wellington Place and Queen Street in Belfast), before going on to work as a timber-loader on the railways. In 1957, after a spell of amateur dramatics with the Bangor Drama Club, he turned professional with the Group Theatre, Belfast.

Career
In 1957, at the age of 27, Blakely made his stage debut as Dick McCardle in Master of the House. He also appeared in several Ulster Group Theatre productions, including Gerard McLarnon's Bonefire (1958) and Patricia O'Connor's A Sparrow Falls (1959). From 1957 to 1959 he was at the Royal Court Theatre, appearing in Cock-A-Doodle Dandy, Serjeant Musgrave's Dance and, to critical approval, The Naming of Murderers Rock. In 1961, he joined the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford-upon-Avon and from 1963 to 1968 was with the National Theatre at the Old Vic. On television, director Charles Crichton unusually cast Blakely in two different roles during the same run of episodes of the 1967 series Man in a Suitcase.

In 1969, Blakely's controversial role as Jesus Christ in Dennis Potter's Son of Man gained him wide recognition. From that time onwards, he was a regular on British television, and in the same year played the leading role in a BBC adaptation of Anthony Trollope's The Way We Live Now.

Among the many stage plays in which he appeared were The Recruiting Officer, Saint Joan, The Royal Hunt of the Sun, Filumena Marturano, Volpone and Oedipus. He returned to the Royal Shakespeare in 1972 in Harold Pinter's Old Times and was subsequently in many West End plays.

Film roles included Maurice Braithwaite in This Sporting Life (1963), Vahlin in The Long Ships, Dr. Watson to Robert Stephens's Holmes in The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), and Joseph Stalin in Jack Gold's Red Monarch (1983). In the 1975 British film, It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet, derived from the James Herriot books, Blakely played the eccentric Siegfried Farnon. He also appeared in A Man for All Seasons (1966), Young Winston (1972), The National Health (1973), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), Equus (1977), The Dogs of War  (1980), Nijinsky (1980) and  Evil Under the Sun (1982).

A noted Shakespearean actor, Blakely appeared on television as Antony in Antony and Cleopatra (1981), directed by Jonathan Miller as part of the BBC Television Shakespeare series; and as Kent in the 1983 Granada Television version of King Lear which starred Laurence Olivier. Other television appearances included Loophole (1981), The Beiderbecke Affair (1985), Operation Julie (1985) and Paradise Postponed (1986).

Personal life
Blakely was married to British actress Margaret Whiting for 26 years and had three sons, including twins. He died of leukaemia at the peak of his career, aged 56.

Filmography

 Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960) – Loudmouth
 The Hellions (1961) – Matthew Billings
 The Password Is Courage (1962) – 1st German Goon
 This Sporting Life (1963) – Maurice Braithwaite
 The Informers (1963) – Charlie Ruskin
 The Long Ships (1964) – Rhykka
 Never Put It in Writing (1964) – Oscar
 The Counterfeit Constable (1964) – L'aveugle
 A Man for All Seasons (1966) – Matthew
 The Spy with a Cold Nose (1966) – Russian Premier
 Charlie Bubbles (1967) – Smokey Pickles
 The Day the Fish Came Out (1967) – The Pilot
 The Vengeance of She (1968) – George
 Decline and Fall... of a Birdwatcher (1968) – Solomon Philbrick
 Alfred the Great (1969) – Asher
 The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970) – Dr. Watson
 Something to Hide (1972) – Blagdon
 Young Winston (1972) – Butcher
 The National Health (1973) – Edward Loach
 Murder on the Orient Express (1974) – Hardman
 Galileo (1975) – Priuli
 It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet (1975) – Siegfried Farnon
 The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976) – Alec Drummond
 Equus (1977) – Frank Strang
 The Big Sleep (1978) – Harry Jones
 Meetings with Remarkable Men (1979) – Tamil
 Nijinsky (1980) – Vassili
 Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980) – Silas Hobbs
 The Dogs of War (1980) – North
 Loophole (1981) – Gardner
 Nailed (1981) – Elder Protestant
 Evil Under the Sun (1982) – Sir Horace Blatt
 Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) –  Alec Drummond (archive footage) (uncredited)
 The World of Don Camillo (1984) – Peppone

References

External links

Category:1930 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category:Male film actors from Northern Ireland
Category:Male television actors from Northern Ireland
Category:Male stage actors from Northern Ireland
Category:Male Shakespearean actors from Northern Ireland
Category:People educated at Sedbergh School
Category:People from Bangor, County Down
Category:Deaths from leukemia
Category:Deaths from cancer in England
Category:20th-century male actors from Northern Ireland
Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members


Pesceana (river)

The Pesceana is a right tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Drăgășani. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

 Trasee turistice - județul Vâlcea

Category:Rivers of Romania
Category:Rivers of Vâlcea County


Idun Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota

Idun Township is a township in Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 259 as of the 2010 census.

History
Idun Township was named for Iðunn, a god of Norse mythology.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 1.62%, is water.

Major highways
  Minnesota State Highway 18

Lakes
 Bear Lake
 Cedar Lake

Adjacent townships
 Seavey Township (north)
 Pliny Township (northeast)
 Williams Township (east)
 Ford Township, Kanabec County (southeast)
 Hay Brook Township, Kanabec County (south)
 Isle Harbor Township, Mille Lacs County (southwest)
 East Side Township, Mille Lacs County (west)
 Lakeside Township (northwest)

Cemeteries
The township contains Redtop Cemetery.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 235 people, 95 households, and 62 families residing in the township.  The population density was 6.4 people per square mile (2.5/km²).  There were 195 housing units at an average density of 5.3/sq mi (2.1/km²).  The racial makeup of the township was 95.32% White, 0.43% African American, 2.98% Native American, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.13% of the population.

There were 95 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 1.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the township the population was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $29,063, and the median income for a family was $40,313. Males had a median income of $38,750 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,193.  About 6.8% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.0% of those sixty five or over.

References
 United States National Atlas
 United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
 United States Board on Geographic Names (GNIS)

Category:Townships in Aitkin County, Minnesota
Category:Townships in Minnesota


Robbie Horgan

Robbie Horgan (born 7 June 1968) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Career
Born in Dublin, Horgan started his career at Shamrock Rovers, making his League of Ireland debut on 14 April 1987. He was the last goalkeeper to play for Shamrock Rovers at Glenmalure Park (Milltown) in a game that decided the League of Ireland B Division title in 1987.

He then moved to Drogheda United in 1988 making his debut on 4 September in a 2-1 home win over Bray Wanderers. He kept 12 clean sheets in 26 league games as Drogheda won the League of Ireland First Division title in 1989. In the 1990/1991 season Horgan kept 15 clean sheets as Drogheda again won the First Division.

After four and a half years at United Park he then moved to Shelbourne in November 1992. He then signed back for Rovers in July 1994 where he spent another eight years. Horgan played in 2 European games for Shamrock Rovers against Djurgårdens IF in the 2002–03 UEFA Cup.

He made his last League of Ireland appearance in the last game of the 2007 League of Ireland season.

Horgan was the goalkeeping coach at Sporting Fingal until they went out of business. Horgan made history in August 2009 when he became the only player to have played at Milltown and Tallaght Stadium.

He went to Drogheda United in February 2011, as an assistant to Mick Cooke. Drogheda won the League of Ireland Cup in 2012.

Cooke left Drogheda in November 2013 and Horgan was confirmed as his replacement shortly afterwards.

Honours

As a Player
League of Ireland First Division: 2
 Drogheda United 1988/89, 1990/91
Leinster Senior Cup (football)
 Shamrock Rovers 1997

 As a Coach League of Ireland Cup:
 Drogheda United 2012

Sources
Irish Football Handbook by Dave Galvin & Gerry Desmond ()

References

Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association footballers from County Dublin
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Republic of Ireland association footballers
Category:Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Category:Drogheda United F.C. players
Category:Shelbourne F.C. players
Category:Dublin City F.C. players
Category:Monaghan United F.C. players
Category:St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Category:League of Ireland players


Promachus painteri

Promachus painteri is a species of robber flies (insects in the family Asilidae).

References

Further reading

External links

 Diptera.info

Category:Asilidae
Category:Insects described in 1934


Kevin Shelley

Kevin Francis Shelley (born November 16, 1955) is an American politician, who was the 28th California Secretary of State from January 6, 2003, until his resignation on March 4, 2005.

Early life

Shelley was raised in San Francisco, the only son in a family of five.  His father, Jack Shelley, was a State Senator, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and Mayor of San Francisco.

Shelley graduated from St. Ignatius College Preparatory in 1973. He received his B.A. in political science from the University of California, Davis.  He obtained his J.D. from University of California, Hastings College of the Law. He joined the staff of Congressman Phillip Burton and continued in his position when Sala Burton assumed her husband's seat after his death.

Political career
In 1990, Shelley was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. In 1996, he won a seat in the California State Assembly. He wrote clinic protection ordinances and sunshine laws to make government more accountable. He authored the Marine Life Protection Act that protects coastal ecosystems, the California Nursing Home Reform Act to protect the elderly, and the Healthy Schools Act to protect children from pesticides. He created a voting reform package that includes a Voters' Bill of Rights and allows each voter to permanently vote by mail.
Term limits prevented Shelley from seeking a fourth term as an Assemblyman in 2002, so he sought election as California's Secretary of State, the state's chief elections official.

Recall Election

Within weeks of taking office as Secretary of State, petitions were filed to recall Governor Gray Davis, a fellow Democrat.  Six months after taking office, Shelley had to certify that there were enough signatures on these petitions to mandate the 2003 gubernatorial recall election, the first such election in state history.  As Secretary of State, Shelley was responsible for overseeing that statewide special election.

Shelley was generally credited with good work on his handling of the 2003 recall election and on his handling of the controversy over the verifiability of electronic voting machines. He was the first state election official to decertify DRE voting machine systems already in use, to require all DRE voting machine systems to contain an accessible paper copy of a person's vote, and to adopt standards and security measures for such systems. He initiated an investigation into electronic voting machine manufacturer Diebold Election Systems (now Premier Election Solutions), and at the conclusion of the investigation, requested that then-State Attorney General Bill Lockyer investigate Diebold for criminal fraud.

Scandals
A number of former staffers and other associates came forward and accused Shelley of abusive behavior toward his staff.

Other accusations surfaced charging Shelley had received allegedly laundered campaign funds during his race for Secretary of State. Shelley maintained that he did not know that the funds were illicitly transferred to his campaign treasury. (After an investigation, then-state Attorney General Bill Lockyer publicly exonerated Shelley, saying he was innocent of any wrongdoing in connection with the case.)

On October 29, 2004, Shelley replaced three of his top aides, including the assistant state secretary of communications, with veteran civil servants, in an effort to bring more accountability to his office.

Shelley announced his resignation on February 4, 2005, effective March 1, although he did not leave office until three days later, on March 4.

Chief Deputy Secretary of State Cathy Mitchell briefly served as Secretary of State until Bruce McPherson,  a Republican, was appointed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Upon taking office, McPherson reversed Shelley's actions, and on March 10, 2006, McPherson certified the use of DRE voting machines without verifiable, auditable paper trails.

California State Bar records indicate Shelley resumed practicing law in April 2005.

References

External links
Shelley bans e-voting machines

Category:1955 births
Category:California Democrats
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the California State Assembly
Category:Secretaries of State of California
Category:University of California, Davis alumni
Category:University of California, Hastings College of the Law alumni
Category:San Francisco Board of Supervisors members
Category:21st-century American politicians


Chsh

chsh (an abbreviation of "change shell") is a command on Unix-like operating systems that is used to change a login shell.  Users can either supply the pathname of the shell that they wish to change to on the command line, or supply no arguments, in which case  allows the user to change the shell interactively.

Usage
 is a setuid program that modifies the  file, and only allows ordinary users to modify their own login shells.  The superuser can modify the shells of other users, by supplying the name of the user whose shell is to be modified as a command-line argument.  For security reasons, the shells that both ordinary users and the superuser can specify are limited by the contents of the  file, with the pathname of the shell being required to be exactly as it appears in that file.  (This security feature is alterable by re-compiling the source code for the command with a different configuration option, and thus is not necessarily enabled on all systems.) The superuser can, however, also modify the password file directly, setting any user's shell to any executable file on the system without reference to  and without using .

On most systems, when  is invoked without the  command-line option (to specify the name of the shell), it prompts the user to select one.  On Mac OS X, if invoked without the  option,  displays a text file in the default editor (initially set to vim) allowing the user to change all of the features of their user account that they are permitted to change, the pathname of the shell being the name next to "Shell:".  When the user quits vim, the changes made there are transferred to the /etc/passwd file which only root can change directly.

Using the  option (for example: ) greatly simplifies the task of changing shells.

Depending on the system,  may or may not prompt the user for a password before changing the shell, or entering interactive mode.  On some systems, use of  by non-root users is disabled entirely by the sysadmin.

On many Linux distributions, the  command is a PAM-aware application.  As such, its behaviour can be tailored, using PAM configuration options, for individual users.  For example, an  directive that specifies the  module can be used to deny  access to individual users, by specifying a file of the usernames to deny access to with the  option to that module (along with the  option).

Portability
POSIX does not describe utilities such as , which are used for modifying the user's entry in .  Most Unix-like systems provide .  SVr4-based systems provided a similar capability with passwd.  Two of the three remaining systems (IBM AIX and HP-UX) provide  in addition to .  The exception is Solaris, where non-administrators are unable to change their shell unless a network name server such as NIS or NIS+ is installed.  The obsolete SGI SVr4 system IRIX64 also lacked .

See also
 Comparison of command shells

References

Further reading
  — some examples of invoking  with the  and  options

External links

Category:Unix user management and support-related utilities
Category:Standard Unix programs


Formula for primes

In number theory, a formula for primes is a formula generating the prime numbers, exactly and without exception. No such formula which is efficiently computable is known. A number of constraints are known, showing what such a "formula" can and cannot be.

Formula based on Wilson's theorem

A simple formula is
 for positive integer .
By Wilson's theorem,  is prime if and only if . Thus, when  is prime, the first factor in the product becomes one, and the formula produces the prime number . But when  is not prime, the first factor becomes zero and the formula produces the prime number 2.
This formula is not an efficient way to generate prime numbers because evaluating  requires about  multiplications and reductions .

Formula based on a system of Diophantine equations
Because the set of primes is a computably enumerable set, by Matiyasevich's theorem, it can be obtained from a system of Diophantine equations.  found an explicit set of 14 Diophantine equations in 26 variables, such that a given number k + 2 is prime if and only if that system has a solution in natural numbers:

The 14 equations α0, …, α13 can be used to produce a prime-generating polynomial inequality in 26 variables:

i.e.:

is a polynomial inequality in 26 variables, and the set of prime numbers is identical to the set of positive values taken on by the left-hand side as the variables a, b, …, z range over the nonnegative integers.

A general theorem of Matiyasevich says that if a set is defined by a system of Diophantine equations, it can also be defined by a system of Diophantine equations in only 9 variables. Hence, there is a prime-generating polynomial as above with only 10 variables. However, its degree is large (in the order of 1045). On the other hand, there also exists such a set of equations of degree only 4, but in 58 variables.

Mills' formula
The first such formula known was established by , who proved that there exists a real number A such that, if

then

is a prime number for all positive integers n. If the Riemann hypothesis is true, then the smallest such A has a value of around 1.3063778838630806904686144926...  and is known as Mills' constant. This value gives rise to the primes , , , ... . Very little is known about the constant A (not even whether it is rational). This formula has no practical value, because there is no known way of calculating the constant without finding primes in the first place.

Note that there is nothing special about the floor function in the formula. Tóth  proved that there also exists a constant  such that

is also prime-representing for  .

In the case , the value of the constant  begins with 1.24055470525201424067... The first few primes generated are:

Wright's formula
Another prime-generating formula similar to Mills' comes from a theorem of E. M. Wright. He proved that there exists a real number α such that, if
 and
 for ,
then

is prime for all .
Wright gives the first seven decimal places of such a constant: . This value gives rise to the primes , , and .  is even, and so is not prime. However, with , , , and  are unchanged, while  is a prime with 4932 digits. This sequence of primes cannot be extended beyond  without knowing more digits of α. Like Mills' formula, and for the same reasons, Wright's formula cannot be used to find primes.

A function that represents all primes
Given the constant  for , define the sequence

where  is the floor function.
Then for ,  equals the  prime:
,
,
, etc.

The initial constant  given in the article is precise enough for equation () to generate the primes through 37, the  prime.

The exact value of  that generates all primes is given by the rapidly-converging series

where  is the  prime, and  is the product of all primes less than . The more digits of  that we know, the more primes equation () will generate. For example, we can use 25 terms in the series, using the 25 primes less than 100, to calculate the following more precise approximation:

This has enough digits for equation () to yield again the 25 primes less than 100.

As with Mills' formula and Wright's formula above, in order to generate a longer list of primes, we need to start by knowing more digits of the initial constant, .

Plouffe's formulas
In 2018 Simon Plouffe conjectured a set of formulas for primes. Similarly to the formula of Mills, they are of the form:

(The {} symbol means rounding to the nearest integer.) For example, with  and , this gives 113, 367, 1607, 10177, 102217... Using  and  with  a certain number between 0 and one half, Plouffe found that he could generate a sequence of 50 probable primes (with high probability of being prime). Presumably there exists an ε such that this formula will give an infinite sequence of actual prime numbers. The number of digits starts at 501 and increases by about 1% each time.

Prime formulas and polynomial functions

It is known that no non-constant polynomial function P(n) with integer coefficients exists that evaluates to a prime number for all integers n. The proof is as follows: suppose such a polynomial existed. Then P(1) would evaluate to a prime p, so . But for any integer k,  also, so  cannot also be prime (as it would be divisible by p) unless it were p itself. But the only way  for all k is if the polynomial function is constant.
The same reasoning shows an even stronger result: no non-constant polynomial function P(n) exists that evaluates to a prime number for almost all integers n.

Euler first noticed (in 1772) that the quadratic polynomial

is prime for the 40 integers n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 39. The primes for n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 39 are 41, 43, 47, 53, 61, 71, ..., 1601.  The differences between the terms are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10... For n = 40, it produces a square number, 1681, which is equal to 41×41, the smallest composite number for this formula for n ≥ 0. If 41 divides n, it divides P(n) too. Furthermore, since P(n) can be written as n(n + 1) + 41, if 41 divides n + 1 instead, it also divides P(n). The phenomenon is related to the Ulam spiral, which is also implicitly quadratic, and the class number; this polynomial is related to the Heegner number . There are analogous polynomials for  (the lucky numbers of Euler), corresponding to other Heegner numbers.

Given a positive integer S, there may be infinitely many c such that the expression n2 + n + c is always coprime to S.  Integer c may be negative, in which case there is a delay before primes are produced.

It is known, based on Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, that linear polynomial functions  produce infinitely many primes as long as a and b are relatively prime (though no such function will assume prime values for all values of n). Moreover, the Green–Tao theorem says that for any k there exists a pair of a and b, with the property that  is prime for any n from 0 through k − 1. However, the best known result of such type is for k = 26:

is prime for all n from 0 through 25.  It is not even known whether there exists a univariate polynomial of degree at least 2, that assumes an infinite number of values that are prime; see Bunyakovsky conjecture.

Possible formula using a recurrence relation
Another prime generator is defined by the recurrence relation

where gcd(x, y) denotes the greatest common divisor of x and y. The sequence of differences an+1 − an starts with 1, 1, 1, 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 11, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 23, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 47, 3, 1, 5, 3, ... .  proved that this sequence contains only ones and prime numbers. However, it does not contain all the prime numbers, since the terms gcd(n+1, an) are always odd and so never equal to 2. 587 is the smallest prime (other than 2) not appearing in the first 10,000 outcomes that are different from 1. Nevertheless, in the same paper it was conjectured to contain all odd primes, even though it is rather inefficient.

Note that there is a trivial program that enumerates all and only the prime numbers, as well as more efficient ones, so such recurrence relations are more a matter of curiosity than of any practical use.

See also
 Prime number theorem

References

Further reading
.
A Venugopalan. Formula for primes, twinprimes, number of primes and number of twinprimes. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences—Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 92, No 1, September 1983, pp. 49–52 errata

External links

Category:Prime numbers


Red-crested tree-rat

The red-crested tree-rat or Santa Marta Toro is a species of tree-rat found in the monotypic genus Santamartamys in the family Echimyidae. It is nocturnal and is believed to feed on plant matter, and is mainly rufous, with young specimens having a grey coat. IUCN list the species as critically endangered: it is affected by feral cats, climate change, and the clearing of forest in its potential range in coastal Colombia.

It is known only from three specimens, a specimen collected in 1898 in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and identified by Herbert Huntingdon Smith, a specimen identified by the American ornithologist and entomologist Melbourne Armstrong Carriker  in 1913 at the same location, and a further specimen observed in the same location in 2011. Found at altitudes of 700 to 2,000 metres, the species is endemic to Colombia in an isolated area with high levels of biodiversity. The species was initially identified as Isothrix rufodorsalis in 1899, re-classified as Diplomys rufodorsalis in 1935, and the monotypic genus Santamartamys was created in 2005 for the species.

Discovery
On 24 December 1898, Herbert Huntingdon Smith identified the first specimen of Santamartamys in Ocana, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. The specimen was of undetermined gender, and as all specimens of Smith's collections were collected by local hunters, there is no specific information regarding the location where the specimen was discovered. A second specimen, also of undetermined gender, was discovered in around 1913 in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta by Carriker, but there is not much information regarding its location either, or the date of discovery. It is assumed that the specimen was obtained through a gift or was purchased. It was recorded as a Santamartamys specimen in 1913 at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Despite several organised searches, no other specimens were discovered.

However, on 4 May 2011, two volunteers from Fundación ProAves photographed one individual at  above sea level in El Dorado Nature Reserve () that was subsequently identified by Rainforest Trust staff.

Description
Santamartamys specimens measure between  from head to the tip of their tail, with their tails measuring between . The species can weigh up to , and has a woolly, soft, and long coat. The species is mainly rufous. The hair on the dorsal region is of intense red colouring, and a large portion of the tail hair is black (basal), but the last two-fifths of the tail are white. Its ears are small and light brown, and feature tufts of long hair on the inner surface, but lack hair on the outer surface. Between the eye and the ear, there is a tuft of long black hairs. The thin whiskers can reach up to  long, and has a strip of red fur around its neck.

The upper surfaces of the front and rear legs are covered in a pale gray coat, and the hind legs are very short and wide. The feet lack small tubercles and the thumb is covered by a nail. Its skull is short and wide, and it has a heavy, large, and uncurved zygomatic bone. The supraorbital ridge of the skull is large, and the interorbital region is very broad with nearly parallel sides. The facial portion of the skull is very short, and the distance between the incisors and the molars is slightly less than the length of the coronary surface of its upper row of teeth. Santamartamys has large eyes, which is consistent with its nocturnal behaviour. It has two pairs of udders on the lateral edge of the abdominal side coat.

Young specimens of Santamartamys have a grey coat. During the transition to the adult intense red coat, moulting begins at the anterior region and moves backward.

Behaviour, distribution and habitat
Santamartamys is a nocturnal rodent, and its diet is unknown, but it is assumed to feed on plant matter such as fruits or seeds, like similar species in family Echimyidae. It is able to easily climb a vertical wooden surface. The specimen observed in 2011 made no sounds. It is endemic to Colombia, and has only been found in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta at altitudes of . Due to the location's isolation and specific geological and climatic conditions, this mountainous region has high levels of biodiversity and endemism. It is believed that the habitat of Santamartamys is suffering degradation.

Classification

Known as the "red-crested tree rat", this species was originally described as Isothrix rufodorsalis by American biologist Joel Asaph Allen in 1899, and was transferred to genus Diplomys in 1935 by George Henry Hamilton Tate. In 2005, its subfamily Echimyinae was revised by Louise Emmons from the Smithsonian Institution, and identified a number of unique features of this species, including the differences between the teeth of this species and others in genus Diplomys. This resulted in the establishment of monotypic genus Santamartamys.

The genus name Santamartamys comes from "Santa Marta", part of the name of the location where the specimens were found, and mys, meaning "mouse". Rufodorsalis comes from Latin, with rufus and dorsalis meaning "red" and "back", respectively, referring to the colour of this rodent.

Phylogeny
Santamartamys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of Santamartamys is Diplomys, reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same genus. These two genera constitute the sister group of the "Dactylomyines", a clade of South American bamboo rats. All these taxa are closely related to the genera Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Toromys. In turn, these genera share phylogenetic affinities with the clade containing Lonchothrix and Mesomys, and with Isothrix.

Threats and protection
Santamartamys was rediscovered on 4 May 2011 in nature reserve El Dorado, a protected area of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Set up on 31 March 2006, this reserve covers  at an altitude between , and contains a large number of endemic or endangered species.

In 1990, Emmons believed that Santamartamys was one of the rarest neotropical mammals. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) described the species as "Vulnerable" in 1996. In 2008, two assessors from IUCN re-classified it as "Data deficient", given the lack of information regarding the distribution, ecology and habitat of this rodent. Following a reassessment in 2011, the species was listed as "Critically endangered", with much of the forest in the potential range of the species having been cleared or degraded. Much of its potential area is infested with feral cats (who feed on fauna), and climate change is a long-term threat to the species.

See also
Fauna of Colombia
IUCN Red List

References

Category:Echimyidae
Category:Endemic fauna of Colombia
Category:Mammals of Colombia
Category:Rodents of South America
Category:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Category:Mammals described in 1899

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Cho Tsunatatsu

was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who served the Hatakeyama clan.

Category:Samurai
Category:1540 births
Category:1577 deaths


Cortado (software)

Cortado is a streaming Java applet for Ogg formats Vorbis, Theora and Kate, μ-law, MJPEG and Smoke (a custom MJPEG variant), released under the GPL. With Cortado a webpage can be set up to download the applet on the fly in the background, providing embedded support for Ogg-based media in Java-enabled web browsers without the need to install further software. Among others it has been used on Wikimedia projects and blip.tv.

Cortado was originally created by Wim Taymans building upon the earlier work of Jorbis, the Java decoder for Vorbis audio. Cortado was then maintained in the Wikimedia SVN repository by MediaWiki software developer Tim Starling and was available here.

Since release 0.5.0 development is done at the Xiph.org foundation. Cortado reference web page is available on Xiph.org web site, development version can be obtained from Xiph.org Cortado git source, while stable versions are available at Cortado stable releases. A README file is available at Cortado README from git HEAD.

ITheora
ITheora is a PHP wrapper for Cortado intended to make it easier for the end-user to embed Ogg video in websites.  ITheora is free software under the GNU General Public License.

Distributed Multi-Media DataBase
dmmdb is a YouTube-like directory of online videos. It uses a modified version of Cortado.

See also
 Fluendo, the company that originally developed Cortado

References

External links
 Cortado

Category:Free video software


Vogel Place Historic District

The Vogel Place Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Ottumwa, Iowa, United States.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. At the time of its nomination it contained 158 resources, which included 101 contributing buildings, six contributing structures, and 51 non-contributing buildings.

History
The property that encompasses the Vogel Place Historic District belonged to E.B. and Elizabeth Vogel, from which it derives its name. Upon E.B.’s death the land passed to their daughters. The original plat map was certified by the Wapello County recorder in September 1907 and it was filed by the recorder in March of the following year. The daughters started selling lots in 1908. Most of the houses in the district were built in the 1920s and the 1930s. The Ottumwa Electric Railroad served the neighborhood on North Court Street and was an important means of transportation to the central business district. It was one of the first neighborhoods in the city where a garage was considered an important part of the development. St. Joseph Hospital (1925), a contributing building, was listed as its own historic district on the National Register in 2015.

Architecture
The area covered by the district includes 91 houses, a hospital, a church (non-contributing), a brick paved street, and four distinctive driveways. The houses are basic middle-class structures that are one to two stories tall. Most of the houses are constructed of wood with a small garage behind the house. There are several houses where the exterior is composed of brick veneer and two houses were built of concrete block. Nearly a quarter of the houses were built in either the Bungalow or the American Craftsman styles. They were built between 1912 and 1930. The Tudor Revival style was also common and there are examples of both the half-timbered and English Cottage versions. Larger homes in the Romantic Revival styles are found along North Court Street while some of the other larger homes from the 1920s were built in the Colonial Revival style. There are also five examples of American Four Square houses on Vogel Avenue.

References

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Category:Historic districts in Wapello County, Iowa
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Wapello County, Iowa
Category:Buildings and structures in Ottumwa, Iowa
Category:Bungalow architecture in Iowa
Category:American Craftsman architecture in Iowa
Category:American Foursquare architecture in Iowa


Bagnolians

The Bagnolians were a sect in the 8th century, deemed heretical, who rejected the Old Testament and part of the New Testament. They held the world to be eternal, and affirmed that God did not create the soul, when he infused it into the body. They derived their name from Bagnols, a city in Languedoc, France. Their doctrine generally agreed with that of the Manicheans.

See also
Manichaeism
Marcionism

References

Category:Gnosticism
Category:Christian denominations established in the 8th century


Hangdeva

Hangdeva     is a village development committee in the Himalayas of Taplejung District in the Mechi Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 3,605 people living in 753 individual households.There were 1,683 males and 1,922 females at the time of census.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Taplejung District

Category:Populated places in Taplejung District


Jörg Blech

Jörg Blech (born 1966) is a German science journalist and nonfiction author.

He is known primarily as a critic of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.  His books cover such subjects as the healthcare industry's alleged invention of diseases to generate sales and medical treatments that turned out to harm people.

He studied biology and biochemistry in Germany and Britain. In addition to his books, which have been translated into English, French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Chinese and Korean,  he writes for the German publication Der Spiegel. His book, Inventing Disease and Pushing Pills : Pharmaceutical Companies and the Medicalisation of Normal Life,  was reviewed by several journals.

References

Category:1966 births
Category:Living people
Category:German science writers
Category:German male non-fiction writers
Category:Der Spiegel people


Minuscule 2756

Minuscule 2756 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament. Dated paleographically to the 13th century.

Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 195 parchment leaves (18.7 cm by 14.5 cm). Written in one column per page, in 25 lines per page.

Kurt Aland did not place it in any Category.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Πb in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

The codex now is housed at Bible Museum Münster (Ms. 10).

See also

 List of New Testament minuscules
 Textual criticism
 Biblical manuscript
 Bible Museum Münster

References

External links

 Manuscripts of the Bible Museum
 Images of manuscript 2756 at the CSNTM

Category:Greek New Testament minuscules
Category:13th-century biblical manuscripts


Eran Prion

Eran Prion (; born April 18, 1974), professionally known as Prayon, is an Israeli musician and music producer based in Tel Aviv and New York. He has composed scores and theme music for many TV shows, most notably ABC's Rising Star.

Prion was born in Tel Aviv and played in a number of bands during the 90's, most notably Hayevaniya releasing the hit song Hayevaniya hagdola in 1996. In later years he moved to New York and begun producing music for a number of Hip hop artists including Sean Paul, Beyoncé, Mobb Deep, G-UNIT and Empire ISIS. thereafter founding in 2006 the Israeli-based Prion Music, specializing in composing music scores mainly for television shows.

As a music producer, Prion has written and produced scores for many of the leading prime time TV shows in Israel, including "Big Brother", "Wonderful Land", "Raid the Cage", "BOOM!" and others. He has also worked on soundtracks for movies such as Charlie Wilson's War, and a number of international and United States television shows such as Without a Trace (CBS), Make It or Break It (ABC), The Hills (MTV), Rising Star (ABC), NCIS (CBS) and others.

Musical career
Prion was born and raised in Tel Aviv, Israel. At the age of 16 he formed the punk metal band "Scaffold", having a debut release in 1991. In 1995 after serving in the Israeli Army, he went on to form the band "Hayevaniya" (the Greek) releasing a year later their lead single "Hayevaniya Hagdola" which had reached the number one spot in the Israeli music charts for a number of weeks, reaching number 30 in the Israeli Annual Hebrew Song Chart of 1997.

In 1999, Prion moved to the United States and begun producing records for local Hip-Hop artists, sharing a studio with producer RedOne. This collaboration led among other things to producing the single "Fredrik snortare & Cecilia Synd" by the Swedish artist Petter (reaching 11th place in the SWE charts). In these years Prion worked with a number of Pop and Hip-Hop musicians including Sean Paul, Beyoncé, Mobb Deep, Empire ISIS, G-UNIT, Pitbull and Beenie Man. During 2004, he started working with the New York-based 'Soundtrack' studio, producing and writing TV and Movie scores on a number of projects.

After having worked on a number of soundtracks and scores, in 2006 Prion returned to Israel and set up his own production company "Prion Music". The company headed by Prion had produced and written a large number of musical scores for television commercials; including for Levi's, Bratz, Motorola, Citroën, and a number of Israeli companies namely Tnuva, Strauss and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. Also in recent years the company wrote and produced musical scores for television shows mostly Israeli, and mostly prime time family entertainment shows. Among these is the show Rising Star (HaKokhav HaBa in Israel), The USA version of which aired on ABC in the summer of 2014 including music produced by Prion. The studio has also produced the score music for the international game show Who's Still Standing? producing for 6 of the versions (Germany, Spain, Turkey, Hungary, Israel and Brazil; around 1,800 episodes up to date). Major Israeli musical projects include Wonderful Land, the Israeli version of Big Brother, Boom! and  Raid the Cage. International projects include shows such as Without a Trace (CBS), Make It or Break It (ABC), The Hills (MTV), NCIS (CBS) and others.

Selected television and movie credits

Featured music
 NCIS (2013), CBS.
 Make It or Break It (2012, 2009), ABC.
 Without a Trace (2011), CBS.
 Khloé & Lamar (2011), E!.
 Notes from the Underbelly (2008), Warner Bros. Television.
 The Hills (2008), MTV.
 Welcome to The Captain (2008), CBS Paramount.
 Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Universal Studios.

Original scores and theme music

References

External links
 http://prion-music.com/
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6610038/
 24–7 Press Release, "Empire Isis completes new tracks with producer Prayon for upcoming album release" (April 21, 2008), Montreal, Canada.

Category:1974 births
Category:Israeli rock musicians
Category:People from Tel Aviv
Category:Israeli musicians
Category:Israeli composers
Category:Television composers
Category:Hip hop record producers
Category:Israeli company founders
Category:Living people


Velega Savali

Velega Savali Savali Jr. (born January 11, 1943) is an American Samoan politician. Savali was a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa in the American Samoan gubernatorial election in 2008. He served as the American Samoa Treasurer from 2005 until 2008.

Biography

Personal life
Savali is married to Leleiga Fa’atili Esera. The couple have three daughters - Lelatasi, Hope and Tasi - two sons, John and Savali III, and six grandchildren, Anthony, Lela, Walker, Dash, Reid and Maliyah.

Savali was granted the title of High Talking Chief of Velega by his family. He is a deacon at the Congregational Christian Church of American Samoa.

Early life
Savali was born on January 11, 1943, to Savali Rapi Muasau and Taupuleesea Tela. Savali's family is originally from Ofu-Olosega in the Manu'a Islands.

He attended Ofu Elementary School from 1948 and Papatea Junior High School from 1954. Savali moved to the island of Tutuila in 1958, where he attended the High School of American Samoa in Utulei. He and his family soon moved again, this time to Hawaii, where he graduated from Admiral Arthur W. Radford High School in 1962.

Savali enlisted in the United States Marines in 1965, and served in the Vietnam War for a brief time. He was awarded the Vietnam Service Medal, the National Defense Service Medal and two medals for good conduct. Seveli received an honorable discharge from the Marines in 1968 as an E-5.

Savali enrolled at Los Angeles City College in 1969. He transferred to California State University, Los Angeles, in 1971, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in political science and business administration.

Career
Savali returned to American Samoa in 1974, where he became the assistant director of the Department of Public Works (DPW). He became the manager of the Office of Motor Vehicles of American Samoa in 1975. He held the position until he took a position as the administrator of the High Court of American Samoa in 1978. Savali later became the manager of the Department of Human Resources.

Savali became a legislative financial officer for the American Samoa Fono in 1986. He was appointed as the vice president of the Development Bank of American Samoa in 2000.

Savali was appointed the Treasurer of the American Samoa government, a cabinet post, in August 2005 by Governor Togiola Tulafono. He was confirmed for the post by the American Samoa Fono. In January 2008, Governor Tulafono wrote to Savali asking that he submit his resignation for failing to report that the government was facing a deteriorating financial crisis and was running out of money. Savali sent a letter back to the Governor refusing to resign and challenging the governor to remove him from his cabinet office. He was soon fired by Governor Tulafono. Savali said in an interview that a termination letter was delivered to him in a public park. He stated that the Governor's poor assessment of the American Samoan finances was incorrect.

2008 Lieutenant Governor election

In May 2008, Afoa Moega Lutu announced that he would challenge Governor Togiola Tulafono for governor of American Samoa, with Velega Savali as his running mate. Savali would have become the next Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa if elected on November 4, 2008, but the Lutu-Savali ticket lost to the incumbent Governor Togiola Tulafono in a run off.

References

External links
 Afoa & Savali for Governor: Official 2008 campaign website

Category:1943 births
Category:Living people
Category:American Samoan politicians
Category:Los Angeles City College alumni
Category:California State University, Los Angeles alumni
Category:American Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Category:American Samoan chiefs
Category:United States Marines
Category:Admiral Arthur W. Radford High School alumni


Austrian knot

An Warrior's knot (or Vitézkötés) is an elaborate design of twisted cord or lace worn as part of a dress uniform, usually on the lower sleeve. It is usually a distinction worn by officers; the major exception is the hussars, in which Warrior's knots are worn by all ranks. British cadet under officers wear Warrior's knots as part of their rank insignia.

History
While of Hungarian origin "Vitézkötés", in English "Warrior's knot" evolved as an indicator of rank among hussar of the Hungarian army, and became part of the hungarian noble attire since the 16th century, later as other nations added hussars to their armies,they started to use the motif aswell, the reason for it was that they were founded by Hungarian nobles and some of them still use the name of their founder, for example the Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny Officers of the Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Army in the 18th century. Epaulettes were widely perceived amongst the government in Vienna as a foreign influence (due to their French origin) and thus not acceptable for the Austrian armies. In the hussar regiments ranks came to be denoted by braided gold cords on the sleeve, with the number of gold cords representing the rank of the officer. Other branches of the Austrian Army used a system of waist-sashes and collar stars to distinguish commissioned rank.

Warrior's knots (or Vitézkötés) soon appeared as part of the distinctive uniform of hussar regiments in the armies of other European nations but did not gain wider popularity  until the last decades of the nineteenth century, when many colonial officers began wearing them (including British infantry officers of the Anglo-Zulu Wars). British officers of most regiments wore Austrian knots of a simplified pattern in gold braid on the cuffs of their full dress tunics until this order of uniform ceased to be generally worn after 1914.

Along with most other elaborate and conspicuous indicators of rank, Austrian knots fell into disuse during the First World War and were not revived in everyday wear. An exception was the French Army where the kepis still worn by most officers have Austrian knots in cruciform pattern on the top crown. French officers of North African regiments such as the Zouaves and the Algerian Tirailleurs continued to wear Austrian knots in gold braid on the sleeves of their colourful full dress uniforms until 1939. They are still worn on some parade uniforms in France, where they are called noeuds hongrois ("Hungarian knots").

United States usage

During the American Civil War, Confederate officers often wore gold Warrior's knots on their uniforms.  More elaborate braiding indicated higher rank.  This type of insignia was worn by officers of the US Army on the sleeves of the blue full dress uniforms authorised until 1917.  It is a feature of the blue mess dress uniform adopted as optional wear for officers in 1937 and still worn for formal social or evening functions.

Notes

Category:Decorative knots


Nixon Putt

Nixon Putt (born 3 March 1995) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Norths Devils in the Qld Cup.

He previously played for the PNG Hunters in the same competition. He has represented the PNG Kumuls at the international level, as part of the 2017 Rugby League World Cup. He made his international debut against the Cook Islands on May 7, 2017 in the Pacific Test at Campbelltown Sports Stadium, Sydney.

Background
Putt was born in Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea.

2018
In 2018 at the end of year PNG Hunters awards presentation, he was awarded the Stan Joyce medal for the player of the year Award. In the same year he was signed by the Norths Devils for the 2019 Intrust Super Cup competition.

2019
Nixon Putt played in every game and was awarded the best forward for the Norths Devils in the end of year club awards presentation. He was also being selected to represent his beloved Papua New Guinea Kumuls for the inaugural Rugby League World Cup 9s to be hosted in Sydney Australia

References

External links
2017 RLWC profile

Category:Living people
Category:Papua New Guinean rugby league players
Category:Papua New Guinea Hunters players
Category:Papua New Guinea national rugby league team players
Category:1995 births
Category:Rugby league second-rows


Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games – Women's marathon

The women's marathon at the 2003 All-Africa Games was held on October 16. This was the last time this event was contested at All-Africa Games as it was replaced with the half marathon from the next edition on.

Results

References
Results
Results

Marathon
2003 women


Tulliby Lake

Tulliby Lake is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the County of Vermilion River. It is located approximately  north of Highway 45 and  northwest of Lloydminster.

Amenities
Tulliby Lake has a Petro-Canada cardlock, a small store, a community centre, a natural-ice skating rink, and an open-air riding arena.

History

Climate

See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References

Category:Hamlets in Alberta
Category:County of Vermilion River


John E. Irving

John E. Irving CM (January 1, 1932 – July 21, 2010) was a Canadian businessman,  the youngest son of the industrialist K. C. Irving. Born in New Brunswick, Jack Irving, as he was called, along with his brothers J.K. and Arthur and their three families, share the ownership and operating responsibility for what is known informally as the Irving Group of Companies.

Following their father's death in 1992, ownership and responsibility for the Irving companies was divided as follows:

 James K. Irving (J.K.) – Ownership of and responsibility for Brunswick News and J.D. Irving, Limited a conglomerate which has interests in several industries including forestry, pulp and paper, tissue, Super-calendered paper, building supplies, frozen food, transportation, shipping lines, and shipbuilding.
 Arthur Irving – Ownership of and responsibility for Irving Oil, its retail stores, oil refineries, oil tankers and distribution terminals and other facilities.
 Jack – Ownership of and responsibility for construction, engineering, and concrete and  steel fabrication companies as well as Commercial Properties, Source Atlantic and Acadia Broadcasting, Limited.

All companies within the Irving conglomerate, including Irving Oil and J.D. Irving, Limited are vertically integrated and buy services and products from other companies within the conglomerate, thereby maintaining profits within their operations.

Jack Irving gained a reputation as being the most reflective of the Irving family, and was known for being far less aggressive than his older brothers when it came to business, choosing instead to listen intently and leave the talking mostly to them. Many credit this to a kidnapping incident in 1982. Though he was found unharmed, the kidnapping left him aware of his own mortality and a shift in his personality was noted.

An avid conservationist of ecological  and cultural areas, Jack Irving was a strong supporter of the arts in Atlantic Canada.

Irving died at the age of 78 on July 21, 2010, following a brief illness. His survivors include his wife, Suzanne Cameron; two sons, John K. F. and Colin D. Irving; and a daughter, Anne Cameron I. Oxley. John K. F. Irving succeeded him in his business interests.

See also
 K.C. Irving for an overview and history of the development of the Irving Group of Companies.

References

Category:Canadian businesspeople
Category:People from Saint John, New Brunswick
Category:Members of the Order of Canada
Category:Canadian philanthropists
Category:Canadian billionaires
Category:Kidnapped businesspeople
Category:1932 births
Category:2010 deaths


You Wouldn't Believe

"You Wouldn't Believe" is a single by the band 311 that was first released on their album From Chaos in 2001, which has a music video featuring Shaquille O'Neal. The song appeared on Canadian MuchMusic Top 30 chart. "You Wouldn't Believe" also appeared on the compilation album Greatest Hits '93-'03 in 2004.

References

External links

Category:2001 singles
Category:311 (band) songs
Category:Songs written by Nick Hexum
Category:Songs written by SA Martinez
Category:2001 songs


Paradiskullen

Paradiskullen is a ski jumping hill in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden, and is also a local landmark as it can be seen from downtown Örnsköldsvik. It consists of a normal hill with a K-point of 90 and a hill size of 100, and nearby there are also a few smaller hills, one medium hill and three small hills, as part of the complex. The hill was originally built in 1961, and renovated in 1991 and 1992, but had to be moved slightly as the Bothnia Line railway line was being built. The normal hill was reconstructed about 40 meters away from its original site, and the smaller hills farther away. It is used by the local ski jumping club IF Friska Viljor and various international competitions have been held at the venue through the years, such as the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup, FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup and FIS Cup.

External links

Official site
Paradiskullen at skijumpinghills.com

Category:Ski jumping venues in Sweden
Category:Buildings and structures in Västernorrland County
Category:Sport in Örnsköldsvik


Mihály Rusovszky

Mihály Rusovszky (1894 – July 1979) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed in the individual time trial event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1894 births
Category:1979 deaths
Category:Hungarian male cyclists
Category:Olympic cyclists of Hungary
Category:Cyclists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing


Campeonato de Portugal (league)

The Campeonato de Portugal (Portuguese for Championship of Portugal) is the third-level football league in Portugal. It is the only semi-professional national league that is organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF).

The competition was created in 2013 as Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (Seniors National Championship) to replace the Portuguese Second and Third Divisions (third and fourth tiers of the Portuguese football league system, respectively) for the 2013–14 season. On 22 October 2015, the competition was renamed Campeonato de Portugal, its current designation.

Format
The first season was contested by a total of 80 clubs, which included 19 teams from the District Championships, 39 from the Portuguese Second Division, 19 from the Portuguese Third Division and three teams relegated from the Segunda Liga during the 2012–13 season. The current format consists of five series of sixteen teams, arranged according to geographic criteria, with the exception of teams from Madeira (placed in the first series) and from the Azores (placed in the last two series).

Seasons - League Tables

List of champions

A.  Merelinense and Praiense played in the LigaPro play-offs but didn't achieve promotion.

Performance by club

References

External links
 Official webpage

Campeonato Nacional de Seniores
3
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2013
Port


Wira Wira

Wira Wira (Quechua for Gnaphalium viravira, Hispanicized spelling Huira Huira) is  mountain in the north of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Huaylas Province, Yuracmarca District, and in the Pomabamba Province, Pomabamba District. It lies northeast of Pukahirka.

References

Category:Mountains of Peru
Category:Mountains of Ancash Region


Music to Moog By

Music to Moog By is the first solo album written and recorded by Gershon Kingsley in 1969. It was recorded at Audio Fidelity Records in New York City.

The album contains the original composition "Pop Corn", which became an international hit when covered by Hot Butter in 1972.

Release history
The major releases are as follows

Track listing (10 Track version)

When issued as an LP, side 1 consists of tracks 1-5, side 2 consists of tracks 6-10

Notes
 On the Italian release, the length of Pop Corn is given as 2:22
 On the Brazilian release, the title of track 10 is given on the sleeve as "Paperback Rider"
 The European release had a different cover to the one shown above

Track listing (11 Track version)

When issued as an LP, side 1 consists of tracks 1-6, side 2 consists of tracks 7-11

Notes
 On the Spanish releases, the length of Pop Corn is given as 2:22
 On the Spanish releases, the title of track 11 is given on the sleeve as "Paperback Rider"

References

Category:1969 debut albums
Category:Gershon Kingsley albums
Category:Audio Fidelity Records albums


Shahid Mofatteh Metro Station (Tehran)

Mofatteh Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 1. It is located in the junction of Dr. Mofatteh Street and Ostad Motehari Street. It is between Haft-e-Tir Metro Station and Shahid Beheshti Metro Station.

Category:Tehran Metro stations