Alpha-amylase

Alpha-amylase, (α-amylase) is an enzyme  that hydrolyses alpha bonds of large, alpha-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. It is also present in seeds containing starch as a food reserve, and is secreted by many fungi. It is a member of Glycoside hydrolase family 13.

In human physiology
Although found in many tissues, amylase is most prominent in pancreatic juice and saliva, each of which has its own isoform of human α-amylase. They behave differently on isoelectric focusing, and can also be separated in testing by using specific monoclonal antibodies. In humans, all amylase isoforms link to chromosome 1p21 (see AMY1A).

Salivary amylase (ptyalin)
Amylase is found in saliva and breaks starch into maltose and dextrin. This form of amylase is also called "ptyalin" , which was named by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. The name derives from the Greek word πτυω (I spit), because the substance was obtained from saliva. It will break large, insoluble starch molecules into soluble starches (amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, and achrodextrin) producing successively smaller starches and ultimately maltose. Ptyalin acts on linear α(1,4) glycosidic linkages, but compound hydrolysis requires an enzyme that acts on branched products. Salivary amylase is inactivated in the stomach by gastric acid. In gastric juice adjusted to pH 3.3, ptyalin was totally inactivated in 20 minutes at 37 °C. In contrast, 50% of amylase activity remained after 150 minutes of exposure to gastric juice at pH 4.3. Both starch, the substrate for ptyalin, and the product (short chains of glucose) are able to partially protect it against inactivation by gastric acid. Ptyalin added to buffer at pH 3.0 underwent complete inactivation in 120 minutes; however, addition of starch at a 0.1% level resulted in 10% of the activity remaining, and similar addition of starch to a 1.0% level resulted in about 40% of the activity remaining at 120 minutes.

Optimum conditions for ptyalin
 Optimum pH – 7.0
 Human body temperature
 Presence of certain anions and activators:
 Chloride and bromide – most effective
 Iodide – less effective
 Sulfate and phosphate – least effective

Genetic variation in human salivary amylase

The salivary amylase gene has undergone duplication during evolution, and DNA hybridization studies indicate many individuals have multiple tandem repeats of the gene. The number of gene copies correlates with the levels of salivary amylase, as measured by protein blot assays using antibodies to human amylase. Gene copy number is associated with apparent evolutionary exposure to high-starch diets. For example, a Japanese individual had 14 copies of the amylase gene (one allele with 10 copies, and a second allele with four copies). The Japanese diet has traditionally contained large amounts of rice starch. In contrast, a Biaka individual carried six copies (three copies on each allele). The Biaka are rainforest hunter-gatherers who have traditionally consumed a low-starch diet. Perry and colleagues speculated the increased copy number of the salivary amylase gene may have enhanced survival coincident to a shift to a starchy diet during human evolution.

Pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic α-amylase randomly cleaves the α(1-4) glycosidic linkages of amylose to yield dextrin, maltose, or maltotriose. It adopts a double displacement mechanism with retention of anomeric configuration. In humans, the salivary amylase evolved from a copy of it.

In pathology
The test for amylase is easier to perform than that for lipase, making it the primary test used to detect and monitor pancreatitis. Medical laboratories will usually measure either pancreatic amylase or total amylase. If only pancreatic amylase is measured, an increase will not be noted with mumps or other salivary gland trauma.

However, because of the small amount present, timing is critical when sampling blood for this measurement. Blood should be taken soon after a bout of pancreatitis pain, otherwise it is excreted rapidly by the kidneys.

Salivary α-amylase has been used as a biomarker for stress and as a surrogate marker of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity that does not require a blood draw.

Interpretation
Increased plasma levels in humans are found in:
 Salivary trauma (including anaesthetic intubation)
 Mumps – due to inflammation of the salivary glands
 Pancreatitis – because of damage to the cells that produce amylase
 Kidney failure – due to reduced excretion

Total amylase readings of over 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) are suggestive of pancreatitis. Five to 10 times the ULN may indicate ileus or duodenal disease or kidney failure, and lower elevations are commonly found in salivary gland disease.

Genes
 salivary – AMY1A, AMY1B, AMY1C
 pancreatic – AMY2A, AMY2B

In grain
α-Amylase activity in grain is measured by, for instance, the Hagberg–Perten Falling Number, a test to assess sprout damages, or the Phadebas method.

Industrial use
α-Amylase is used in ethanol production to break starches in grains into fermentable sugars.

The first step in the production of high-fructose corn syrup is the treatment of cornstarch with α-amylase, producing shorter chains of sugars oligosaccharides.

An α-amylase called "Termamyl", sourced from Bacillus licheniformis, is also used in some detergents, especially dishwashing and starch-removing detergents.

See amylase for more uses of the amylase family in general.

Potential for medical use
α-Amylase has exhibited efficacy in degrading polymicrobial bacterial biofilms by hydrolyzing the α(1-4) glycosidic linkages within the structural, matrix exopolysaccharides of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).

Buffer inhibition
The tris molecule is reported to inhibit a number of bacterial α-amylases, so they should not be used in tris buffer.

Determination
Several methods are available for determination of α-amylase activity, and different industries tend to rely on different methods. The starch iodine test, a development of the iodine test, is based on colour change, as α-amylase degrades starch and is commonly used in many applications. A similar but industrially produced test is the Phadebas amylase test, which is used as a qualitative and quantitative test within many industries, such as detergents, various flour, grain, and malt foods, and forensic biology.

Domain architecture
α-Amylases contain a number of distinct protein domains. The catalytic domain has a structure consisting of an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel that contains the active site, interrupted by a ~70-amino acid calcium-binding domain protruding between beta strand 3 and alpha helix 3, and a carboxyl-terminal Greek key beta-barrel domain. Several alpha-amylases contain a beta-sheet domain, usually at the C terminus. This domain is organised as a five-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Several alpha-amylases contain an all-beta domain, usually at the C terminus.

See also
 Digestive enzyme

References

External links
 The alpha-Amylase Protein

Category:EC 3.2.1
Category:Enzymes
Category:Enzymes of known structure


Sunny & the Sunglows

Sunny & the Sunglows (formed by songwriter Jimmie Lewing and Sunny Ozuna in Palacios, Texas) an American musical group in 1959 and later known as Sunny & the Sunliners after moving to San Antonio, Texas.

The group's members were all Chicano with the exception of Amos Johnson Jr., and their style was a blend of rhythm and blues, tejano, blues, and mariachi.  They first recorded in 1962 for their own label, Sunglow.  Okeh Records picked up their single "Golly Gee" for national distribution that year, and in 1963, Huey P Meaux, a producer from Louisiana and owner of Tear Drop Records, had them record a remake of Little Willie John's 1958 hit, "Talk to Me, Talk to Me".  The single "Talk to Me" (b/w "Every Week, Every Month, Every Year"), released on Tear Drop Records, went to No. 4 on the Adult Contemporary chart, No. 12 on the US R&B Singles chart, and No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 in October 1963.

The group followed this release with several more remakes—"Rags to Riches" (Tony Bennett) b/w "Not Even Judgment Day", "Out of Sight-Out of Mind" (The Five Keys) b/w "No One Else Will Do", and "La Cacahuata" (The Peanuts) b/w "Happy Hippo".

Members
 Sunny Ozuna – lead vocals
 Vincent Chente Montez – vocals (Bass)
 Manuel Guerra – leader
 Rudy Guerra – tenor sax
 Gregg Ramirez – bass
 Henry Nanez – guitar
 Manuel Martinez – guitar
 Tommy Luna – tenor sax
 Andy Ortiz – piano (Sunglows era)
 Arthur Gonzalez – electric piano
 Martin Liñan – alto sax
 Gilbert Fernandez – tenor sax
 Amos Johnson Jr. – trumpet
 Bobby Solis – drums
 Joel Dilley – bass
 Joe Cortez III – keyboards, vocals (1977–78)
 Johnny Guerra – guitar, vocals
 Carlos Hernandez – alto sax, vocals
 Jimmy Solis – tenor sax, vocals
 Bobby Gutierrez – tenor and bari sax
 David Silva – trumpet
 Roger Rivera – trombone
David DeLaGarza – keyboards
 Frank Ardila – guitar
 Charlie Sandoval - percussion

Discography
Talk to Me (Tear Drop Records, LP2000 1964)All Night Worker (Tear Drop, LP2019 1964)Las Vegas Welcomes (Tear Drop, 1964)Adelante (Key-Loc, 1964)The Original Peanuts (Sunglow Records, LP103 1965)Smile Now Cry Later (Key-Loc 3001 1966)Live in Hollywood (Key-Loc 3003 1966)Little Brown Eyed Soul (Key-Loc, 1968)The Versatile (Key-Loc, 1969)Young, Gifted and Brown (Key-Loc, 1971)El Orgullo de Texas (Key-Loc, 1974)El Preferido (Key-Loc, 1974)Yesterday...& Sunny (Teardrop Records, 1976)Siempre (Key-Loc, 1976)Palabritas (Key-Loc, 1976)Andale Mi Amor (Key-Loc, 1977)This Is My Band (Key-Loc 3006 1977)Live in Las Vegas (Key-Loc, 1978)Yesterday and Sunny Vol. II (Key-Loc, 1978)Grande Grande Grande (Key-Loc, 1978)Vengo a Verte (Key-Loc, 1979)Cry (Key-Loc, 1980)El Amante'' Sunny & The Sunliners (Freddie Records – LP-026 1981)

References

External links
Official site

Category:Musical groups from Texas
Category:Tear Drop Records artists
Category:Okeh Records artists
Category:Chicano rock musicians
Category:American musicians of Mexican descent


Patrick Field

Patrick Field (born 6 June 1937) is a Hong Kong middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Category:Hong Kong male middle-distance runners
Category:Olympic athletes of Hong Kong
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for Hong Kong
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


81st meridian

81st meridian may refer to:

81st meridian east, a line of longitude east of the Greenwich Meridian
81st meridian west, a line of longitude west of the Greenwich Meridian


Somerset East Commando

Somerset East Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

History

Origin

Operations

With the SADF
During this era, the unit was mainly used for area force protection, search and cordones as well as stock theft control assistance to the local police.

With the SANDF

Disbandment
This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 “because of the role it played in the apartheid era”, according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

Unit Insignia

Leadership

References

See also
 South African Commando System

Category:Military units and formations disestablished in the 2000s
Category:South African Commando Units


Ruja (Tazlăul Sărat)

The Ruja is a left tributary of the river Tazlăul Sărat in Romania. It discharges into the Tazlăul Sărat in Șesuri. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Category:Rivers of Romania
Category:Rivers of Bacău County


Dhaka-6

Dhaka-6 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Kazi Firoz Rashid of the Jatiya Party (Ershad).

Boundaries
The constituency encompasses Dhaka South City Corporation wards 34 and 37 through 46.

History
The constituency was created for the first general elections in newly independent Bangladesh, held in 1973.

Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census. The 2008 redistricting added 7 new seats to the Dhaka metropolitan area, increasing the number of constituencies in the capital from 8 to 15, and reducing the extent of the constituency.

The seat became vacant upon the death of the sitting MP Mizanur Rahman Khan Dipu on 21 December 2013. It was filled in the 2014 general election two weeks later.

In the 2018 general election, the constituency was one of six chosen by lottery to use electronic voting machines.

Members of Parliament

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

Elections in the 2000s

Elections in the 1990s

References

External links

Category:Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh
Category:Dhaka District


Alpes

Alpes (French for “Alps”) may refer to:

Geography
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (formerly Basses-Alpes), a French department in the south of France
Hautes-Alpes, a department in southeastern France
Alpes-Maritimes, a department in the extreme southeast corner of France
Montes Alpes, a mountain range in the northern part of the Moon's near side

Other uses
Catherine Ribeiro + Alpes, a French rock band of the 1970s
 “Alpes 1” and “Alpes 2”, songs from their 1971 album Âme Debout

See also
 Alps (disambiguation)


Castle Bytham railway station

Castle Bytham railway station was a station in Castle Bytham. It was Midland Railway property but train services were operated by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GN). The station and line closed in 1959 along with most of the M&GN.

History

This station was rather unusual, being a single platform in a cutting through the village. The station was not originally planned by the railway, but was added after considerable local lobbying. Outside the village, the line of the railway now forms a road crossing under the A1.

The line officially became M&GN property a few miles east at Little Bytham Junction, where it crossed the Great Northern Railway main line. The GNR had powers to make a junction here but never did so. The nearest station on the GNR was Little Bytham.

Routes

References

 Track plans and Photographs

Category:Disused railway stations in Lincolnshire
Category:Former Midland Railway stations
Category:Railway stations opened in 1898
Category:Railway stations closed in 1959


Red-crested cotinga

The red-crested cotinga (Ampelion rubrocristatus) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae.

It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

References

red-crested cotinga
Category:Birds of the Northern Andes
red-crested cotinga
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Category:Taxa named by Alcide d'Orbigny
Category:Taxa named by Frédéric de Lafresnaye


Dan Jurgens

Dan Jurgens (; born June 27, 1959) is an American comic book writer and artist. He is known for his work on the DC comic book storyline "The Death of Superman" and for creating characters such as Doomsday, Hank Henshaw and Booster Gold. Jurgens had a lengthy run on the Superman comic books including The Adventures of Superman, Superman vol. 2 and Action Comics. At Marvel, Jurgens worked on series such as Captain America, The Sensational Spider-Man and was the writer on Thor for six years.

Career

1980s
After graduating from Minneapolis College of Art and Design in 1981, Jurgens' first professional comic work was for DC Comics on The Warlord #63 (Nov. 1982). He was hired due to a recommendation of Warlord creator Mike Grell who was deeply impressed by Jurgens' work after being shown his private portfolio at a convention. In 1984, Jurgens was the artist for the Sun Devils limited series (July 1984 – June 1985), with writers Gerry Conway and Roy Thomas. Jurgens would make his debut as a comic book writer with Sun Devils. He began scripting from Conway's plots with #8 (Feb. 1985) and fully took over the writing duties on the title with #10 (April 1985). In 1985, Jurgens created the character Booster Gold, who became a member of the Justice League. Jurgens was one of the contributors to the DC Challenge limited series in 1986. His first work on Superman was as penciller for The Adventures of Superman Annual #1 (1987). In 1988, Jurgens provided pencil art for the Deadman short stories which were written by Mike Baron in the short-lived anthology Action Comics Weekly from issues #601–612. He then had a run as artist of Green Arrow with writer Mike Grell from 1988–1990. In 1989, Jurgens began working full-time on the Superman character when he took over the writing/pencilling of the monthly The Adventures of Superman.

1990s
Jurgens was the penciller of the 1991 limited series Armageddon 2001 and co-created the hero Waverider with Archie Goodwin. Jurgens helped writer Louise Simonson and artist Jon Bogdanove launch a new Superman title, Superman: The Man of Steel in July 1991 and assumed the writing/pencilling of the main Superman comic book with issue No. 57 (July 1991). He created a supporting hero named Agent Liberty in issue No. 60 (Oct. 1991) and then worked on the "Panic in the Sky" crossover in 1992. During his run on Superman, Jurgens created two major villains, Doomsday and the Cyborg Superman. Doomsday was the main antagonist in "The Death of Superman" storyline which saw the iconic hero killed in an issue consisting entirely of splash pages. The Cyborg Superman was an existing character which Jurgens reintroduced in The Adventures of Superman #500 for the "Reign of the Supermen" storyline. Jurgens wrote and drew Justice League America (#61–77 April 1992 – July 1993) and in 1993 pencilled the Metal Men four-issue miniseries, which was a retcon of their origin story. Jurgens wrote and pencilled the crossover series Zero Hour. and the Superman/Doomsday: Hunter/Prey miniseries, both in 1994.

Jurgens scripted and provided layout art for the Superman vs. Aliens miniseries. The story featured a battle between Superman and the aliens created by H. R. Giger (a.k.a. the Xenomorphs), from the titular film series. It was co-published by Dark Horse Comics and DC in 1995. In the same year, he gave up the pencilling duties on Superman. In 1996 Jurgens and Italian artist Claudio Castellini worked on the highly publicized crossover Marvel vs DC. Jurgens was one of the many creators who worked on the Superman: The Wedding Album one-shot in 1996 which featured the title character's marriage to Lois Lane. Jurgens developed the Tangent Comics imprint for DC the following year.

In January 1996, Jurgens was writer and penciller of the new Spider-Man series, The Sensational Spider-Man, at Marvel Comics. The title was initially conceived to be the flagship showcase for the new Ben Reilly Spider-Man. The initial seven issues (#0–6, January–July 1996) were written and pencilled by Jurgens. Jurgens pushed strongly for the restoration of Peter Parker as the true Spider-Man and plans were made to enact this soon, but Bob Harras, the new Editor-in-chief, demanded the story be deferred until after the "Onslaught" storyline. Jurgens had by this stage become disillusioned with the immense amount of group planning and constant changes of ideas and directions and took this as the last straw, resigning from the title. In a past interview several years after his Spider-Man run, Jurgens stated that he would like to have another chance on the character, since his run was with the Ben Reilly character during the Spider-Man Clone Saga, and not Peter Parker. Jurgens wrote and pencilled Teen Titans (vol. 2) for its entire two-year, 24-issue run (October 1996 – September 1998). George Pérez, the co-creator of The New Teen Titans served as inker for the series' first 15 issues. After 10 years working on the Superman character, Jurgens ended his run as writer with Superman vol. 2 #150 (Nov. 1999). Also in 1999, Jurgens was writer and layout artist for the tabloid-sized graphic novel Superman/Fantastic Four, with finished art by his former The Adventures of Superman inker Art Thibert. Jurgens worked with Marvel Comics as writer on Thor vol. 2 with pencilling by John Romita Jr. and as writer/artist on Captain America vol. 3. In 1995 he was writer/penciller on Solar #46 from Valiant Comics wherein he worked with inker Dick Giordano and with penciller Tom Grindberg joining in with issues #51–54 after Jurgens relinquished penciller duties with issue #50. Jurgens was the debut writer of the Tomb Raider: The Series comic book series licensed to Top Cow Productions and Image Comics, which in 1999. The debut issue of Tomb Raider was the number one selling comic book of that year. Jurgens was writer of the series until issue #21.

2000s
In 2000, Jurgens was the writer and provided layouts for the four issue prestige miniseries Titans/Legion of Super-Heroes: Universe Ablaze, with finishes provided by Phil Jimenez. Jurgens wrote Aquaman vol. 3 from issue #63 (Jan. 2000) until its cancellation with issue #75 (Jan. 2001). In November 2002, he wrote and pencilled the four-issue weekly miniseries Superman: Day of Doom (Jan. 2003), which marked the 10 year anniversary of "The Death of Superman" storyline from 1992. After a hiatus from comics, he returned to DC Comics, providing layouts for the lead story in the Infinite Crisis Secret Files 2006 special (April 2006) and provided art for the weekly series 52 and to the six-issue limited series Crisis Aftermath: The Battle For Blüdhaven written by Jimmy Palmiotti and Justin Grey. Jurgens collaborated with writer/creator Marv Wolfman on the Nightwing series for issues #125–128. On Metamorpho: Year One, Jurgens was writer and penciller for the first two issues with Mike Norton drawing issues #3–6. Jurgens was writer and artist of the "History of the Multiverse" back-up stories in the weekly Countdown which appeared in issues #49–38. At the Los Angeles Comic Con in March 2007, DC announced a new, ongoing Booster Gold series written by Geoff Johns, pencilled by Jurgens, and inked by Norm Rapmund to begin shortly after the end of 52. He was the writer of Tangent: Superman's Reign limited series in 2008, revisiting the Tangent Comics characters and wrote and illustrated an issue of The Brave and the Bold vol. 2 No. 23 (July 2009), which featured Booster Gold and Magog.

2010s

Jurgens was amongst the creative talent of DC Comics' The New 52 relaunch in 2011, becoming the writer of the new Justice League International series with artist Aaron Lopresti and the artist of the new Green Arrow series with writer J. T. Krul and inker George Pérez. He became co-writer of Green Arrow with Keith Giffen on issues #3–6. DC announced in October 2011 that Jurgens would return to Superman, co-writing and  drawing, the self-titled Superman series with Giffen. Their first issue was #7 (cover dated May 2012). During 2012–2013, Jurgens was writer and artist of Fury of the Firestorms: The Nuclear Men from issues #13–20, where the series was canceled. In 2014, he and Giffen together with Jeff Lemire and Brian Azzarello co-wrote The New 52: Futures End. In 2015, Jurgens became the writer for Batman Beyond, starting with issue #1 in June 2015. He was writer of the two-issue miniseries Convergence: Superman in 2015, and was the writer for Superman: Lois and Clark from 2015 to 2016. As part of the DC Rebirth relaunch of 2016, Jurgens wrote Action Comics, with the series returning to the previous numbering, beginning with issue #957. He contributed to Action Comics #1000 (June 2018) and then became the writer of the Green Lanterns series.

Personal life
Jurgens is married with two children, Quinn Jurgens and Seth Jurgens.

Awards
Jurgens was awarded the 1994 National Cartoonists Society Award for Best Comic Book.

Bibliography

Dark Horse Comics
Superman vs. Aliens #1–3 (story and layout art) (1995)

DC Comics

52 #2–11, 24, 35, 43 (2006–2007)
Action Comics #601–612 (Deadman short stories pencils), #650, 667 (1988, 1990–1991), #957-984, 987–1000 (writer; also artist on #993-994 and 1000; 2016–2018)
Action Comics Special #1 (writer, 2018)
The Adventures of Superman #452–470, 472–478, 480, 492, 500 (writer and penciller, 1989–1993); Annual #1 (pencils, 1987)
Agent Liberty Special # 1 (writer and cover artist, 1992)
Aquaman vol. 3 #63–75 (writer, 2000–2001)
 Aquaman and The Others #1–11 (writer, 2014–2015)
Armageddon 2001 #1–2 (artist, 1991)
Batman #359, 568 (1983–1999) Annual No. 9 (1985) (pencils)
Batman Beyond vol. 5 #1–16 (writer, 2015–2016)
Batman Beyond vol. 6 #1–11, 14- (writer, 2016–present)
Batman Beyond Rebirth #1 (writer, 2016)
Booster Gold #1–25 (artist, 1986–1988)
Booster Gold vol. 2 #1–12, 15–19, 21–31, 44–47 (artist, 2007–2008; writer/artist, 2009–2011)
The Brave and the Bold vol. 3 #23 (writer/artist, 2009)
Convergence #0 (writer, 2015)
Convergence: Superman #1–2 (writer/artist, 2015)
Countdown (writer and artist of the "History of the Multiverse" back-up stories in issues #49-38) (2007)
Crisis Aftermath: The Battle For Blüdhaven #1–6 (2006) (pencils)
DC Challenge #6 (1986)
DC Universe: Legacies #7–8 (2011)
Firestorm: The Nuclear Man vol. 3 #33 (2007) (layouts only)
Flash Gordon #1–9 (miniseries) (writer/artist, 1989)
Fury of the Firestorms: The Nuclear Men #13–20 (writer and pencils 2012–2013)
Green Arrow #13–14, 17–18, 21–24, 27–30, 33–34 (pencils) (1988–1990)
Green Arrow vol. 4 #1–5 (pencils); #3–6 (co-writer) (2011–2012)
Green Lanterns #50-present (writer) (2018–present)
Infinite Crisis Secret Files 2006 (2006) (layouts for lead story)
Justice League America #61–77 (1992–1993)
Justice League International #1–12 (writer, 2011–2012)
Metal Men vol. 2 #1–4 (layouts) (1993)
Metamorpho: Year One #1–6 (writer; artist for issues 1 and 2 only, 2007)
The New Teen Titans vol. 2 #6 (pencils, 1984)
Nightwing #125–128 (2006–2007)
Sun Devils #1–12 (writer and artist) (1984–1985)
Superman vol. 2 #29, 57–146, 148, 150, 700, 0, Annual #3, 5, #9–10 (writer: 1991–1999; pencils: 1991–1995)
Superman vol. 3 #7–12 (writer and pencils 2012)
Superman 80-Page Giant #1 (1999) (cover artist pencils and writer for 10-page short story)
Superman/Doomsday: Hunter/Prey (limited series; story and layouts) #1–4 (1994)
Superman: The Doomsday Wars #1–3 (1998–1999)
Superman: Day of Doom #1–4 (2003)
Superman: Lois and Clark #1–8 (writer, 2015–2016)
Superman: Secret Files #1 (writer and layout art for lead story; plus pencil art for character profiles) (1998)
Superman/Fantastic Four #1 (writer and layout art, with finished art by Art Thibert) (1999)
Tangent: Superman's Reign #1–12 (2008–2009) (writer)
Teen Titans vol. 2 #1–24 (1996–1998)
Time Masters: Vanishing Point #1–6 (2010 mini series) (writer/artist)
Tales of the Legion of Super-Heroes #319–325 (1985)
Titans/Legion of Super-Heroes: Universe Ablaze #1–4 (prestige miniseries. writer and layouts, with finishes by Phil Jimenez) (2000)
The Warlord #63–88, 91 (artist) (1982–1985)
Zero Hour #0–4 (1994)

Marvel Comics
Captain America vol. 3 #25–50 (writer), #33–50 (penciller); Annual 2000; Annual 2001 (2000–2002)
Daredevil #224 (penciller) (1985)
The Sensational Spider-Man #0–6 (writer and penciller) (1996)
Thor vol. 2 #1–58, 60-79 (writer); Annual 1999; Annual 2000; Annual 2001 (1998–2004)

Valiant Comics
Solar # 46–54 writer/penciller on #46–50; writer only on #51–54 (1995)

References

External links

Dan Jurgens at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
Dan Jurgens at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
Interview with b-independent.com (1998)

Category:1959 births
Category:20th-century American artists
Category:20th-century American writers
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:21st-century American artists
Category:21st-century American writers
Category:American comics artists
Category:American comics writers
Category:American graphic novelists
Category:American male novelists
Category:Artists from Minnesota
Category:Living people
Category:Minneapolis College of Art and Design alumni
Category:Novelists from Minnesota
Category:People from Ortonville, Minnesota
Category:Role-playing game artists


Melrose, Montana

Melrose is a small community 34 miles south of Butte, Montana, United States.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Melrose has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110128195601/http://melrosemontana.com/

Category:Populated places in Silver Bow County, Montana
Category:Neighborhoods in Montana
Category:Ghost towns in Montana


Ndia

Ndia or NDIA may refer to:
Ndia Constituency,  Kirinyaga District, Central Province, Kenya
Alternative name for the Southern Kirinyaga dialect of the Kikuyu language
National Defense Industrial Association, an American trade association
National Digital Inclusion Alliance, an American non-profit organization
Hamad International Airport, an airport in Qatar, formerly known as New Doha International Airport
 N.D.Ia., an abbreviation used for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa

See also
India


Henry Hart (author)

Henry Hart (born 1954) is the Hickman Professor of Humanities at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. In addition to three books of poetry (The Ghost Ship (1990),  The Rooster Mask (1998),  and Background Radiation (2007)) he has written critical works on such poets as Seamus Heaney, Geoffrey Hill, and Robert Lowell. He edited The James Dickey Reader (1999) and his biography James Dickey: The World as a Lie (2000), was a finalist in nonfiction for the Southern Book Critics Circle Award.  He also edited The Wadsworth Themes in American Literature Series (2009). (2009) His poems and essays have appeared in The New Yorker, Poetry, Kenyon Review, Southern Review, Sewanee Review, Denver Quarterly, and numerous other journals. Hart was a founding editor of Verse, an international poetry journal.  In 2010 he won the Carole Weinstein Prize for Poetry. On July 2, 2018, he was sworn in as the 17th Poet Laureate of Virginia in the commonwealth's capital of Richmond.

References

Category:Poets Laureate of Virginia
Category:College of William & Mary faculty
Category:American academics of English literature
Category:Living people
Category:1954 births


O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe

O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe Elo Khushir Eid, also spelt O Mon Romjaner Oi Rojar Sheshe Elo Khushir Eid, is one of the most important Bengali Eid-ul-Fitr songs by Kazi Nazrul Islam, the national poet of Bangladesh. It is a very common tune heard in Bengali Muslim households around the world. The song was written and composed at the request of Nazrul's disciple, Abbasuddin Ahmed in 1931. It has been covered by many artists around the world. The song is written on the end of the period of fasting and the Islamic holiday of Eid-ul-Fitr. This was regarded by his contemporaries as a significant achievement, as Bengali Muslims had been strongly averse to devotional music.

First recording
4 days after Nazrul wrote the poem, Abbasuddin Ahmed recorded it with his voice. Two months after, it was published on Eid day by The Gramophone Company. The song was set to the pilu as its raga and keherwa for its tala (rhythm).

References

Category:Bangladeshi songs
Category:Songs written by Kazi Nazrul Islam
Category:Bengali-language songs
Category:Bengali-language poems
Category:1931 poems


Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen

Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen is a 1981 comedy–mystery film directed by Clive Donner that stars Peter Ustinov, Angie Dickinson and Lee Grant.

Plot
Retired detective Charlie Chan is asked for his help by the San Francisco police to solve a new series of murders. This time his usual sidekick, "Number One Son" Lee Chan, has been replaced by Lee's own son, Lee Chan, Jr.

The prime suspect in the killings is a shady lady known as the Dragon Queen, but soon Chan's suspicions fall elsewhere. Among those at risk are Lee's maternal grandmother, Mrs. Lupowitz. Even though Charlie Chan's son is, as is usually the case, rarely accurate in reading clues, he has the full love and support of Cordelia, his beautiful fiancée.

Cast
Peter Ustinov as Charlie Chan
Lee Grant as Mrs. Lupowitz
Angie Dickinson as Dragon Queen
Richard Hatch as Lee Chan, Jr.
Brian Keith as Police Chief Baxter
Roddy McDowall as Gillespie
Rachel Roberts as Mrs. Dangers
Michelle Pfeiffer as Cordelia Farenington
Paul Ryan as Masten
Johnny Sekka as Stefan

Reception

Critical response
Critic Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in his review: "Clive Donner's Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen... is a looselimbed, immensely good-natured entertainment that moves easily between parody and slapstick without ever doing damage to the memories of the character who, in the 1950s and 1960s, gained something of a following as a figure of camp." Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 5.5/10 with 5 critics' responses. TV Guide gives Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen 0 out of 5 stars.

Release
Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen was released in theatres on February 13, 1981.

Home media
The film was released on DVD on September 7, 2004, by Trinity Home Entertainment.

References

External links

Category:1981 films
Category:1980s parody films
Category:American films
Category:American parody films
Category:Charlie Chan films
Category:1980s comedy mystery films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films scored by Patrick Williams
Category:Films directed by Clive Donner
Category:Films set in San Francisco


Political podcast

Political podcasts are podcasts that focus on contemporary politics and current events. Most political podcasts maintain a connection with an existing media source such as a newspaper or magazine. They aim to inform or entertain or advocate a cause, usually for progressive causes, although there are some conservative podcasts. They are often cost-effective to produce, requiring minimal computer technology to operate. Their audiences are generally persons in interested in current events, and programs usually have a duration of a half hour to an hour.

Background
With increasing growth of the Internet  and new technologies and devices to disseminate information digitally such as laptop computers and smartphones, political podcasts have become an "emerging industry" according to one view. Most began as spinoffs of existing media. In 2005, Slate began its Slate Political Gabfest podcast with its journalists discussing current events. Since then, many new programs have been created. Most political podcasts maintain a connection with an existing news source; for example, the podcast Start Making Sense is closely allied with its parent publication, The Nation magazine. Podcast growth was spurred in 2016 by the United States presidential election.

Content
Political podcasts serve a variety of purposes, such as to inform, to make money, to entertain (often with satire and humor), to advocate a cause, or to accomplish some mix of these and other purposes. Some podcasts focus on the horse-race aspects of elections, such as strategy and which candidate is doing well in the polls, while others focus on politics and issues. They typically feature reporters, politicians, academics, writers, pollsters, and others who have established credentials in the public sphere; for example, Start Making Sense, hosted by historian Jon Wiener, has featured discussions on Edward Snowden, campaign strategy, inequality and class conflict, The Nation's yearlong investigation into abuses in the federally-run private prisons, as well as various authors and artists and activists. Some are designed as public relations vehicles to bolster the candidacy of a politician, such as Hillary Clinton's With Her podcast. Her podcast was criticized for being promotional and lacking critical commentary or substantive information about her policy positions, according to the political journalism organization Politico.

Most political podcasts tend to have a liberal or progressive orientation. Analyst Charley Locke suggested that a reason for this was that many podcasts were started by progressive news outlets such as Slate and The Nation and NPR and The New Yorker, and these podcasts began many years ago. However, the podcast Ricochet was started to cater to an "articulate, politically aware, conservative audience that feels under siege in college towns," according to one of its founders. Some podcasts explicitly strive to represent all parts of the political spectrum, such as KCRW's Left, Right & Center which features three pundits, understandably, from the left, right and center.

While a podcast's political orientation can lean to the left or the right or the center, it usually reflects the focus of the parent medium, and strives to bring multiple points of view within the overall focus, while covering current events and other issues in the news. Weekly podcasts are often tied to the news cycle, and many summarize recent events at the beginning of their program. Podcasts typically do not replace news reporting, but augment it. Most tend to be thoughtful, low-key discussions, with a relaxed and conversational tone, as if a listener was eavesdropping on reporters in a District of Columbia bar after hours. The podcast Keepin' it 1600 with speechwriter Jon Favreau and Obama administration adviser Dan Pfeiffer goes a bit further, where the "political chatter flows unfiltered" with occasional vulgar language.

Audiences
Audiences are interested in current events. They include other professionals, such as journalists and campaign managers and politicians, who can use the podcast's content as source material for future articles that they might write or produce. Some podcasts focus on a specific region; there are podcasts which focus on North Carolina politics, on the Kansas City region, on Texas, and on Latino audiences.

Format
Podcasts typically last between a half hour and an hour, and usually begin with an identifying tune or music as a lead-in. They are usually accompanied by links to other social media such as Facebook and Twitter, and they have feedback buttons for posting comments or contacting hosts or guests on the show. Most follow an interview format in which the host begins by introducing the program, then the guests and their qualifications. A few shows are accompanied by a text-version of the audio content. Most podcasts are digital audio files, but if accompanied by video, they are called video podcasts or vodcasts. Some shows are hosted by comedians or satirists; for example, Iranian-born Kambiz Hosseini hosts the podcast Five in the Afternoon from Brooklyn. Some podcasters have run into trouble with authorities; for example, journalist Choo Chin-woo of South Korea was arrested after publishing content that allegedly "defamed" the brother of a governing party's candidate. Podcaster Jung Bong-ju of the show I'm a Weasel was found "guilty of spreading false rumors" by the government of South Korea as part of a crackdown against free speech, and he was sentenced to one year in jail.

Technology

Listeners need a web connection and a device to play the podcast, such as an iPod or Smartphone or computer. Controls allow the user to skip through the audio, perhaps by using a mouse or swiping a finger, and often resembles the old boombox type controls: play, pause, fast forward, skip, and replay. A political podcast's icon is valuable "graphic real estate" since it is one of the few visual cues that identify a particular program. Podcasts can be downloaded into a device and then played offline at the listener's convenience; if podcasts are played directly from the Internet without being downloaded, it is sometimes referred to as streaming. Podcast producers do not necessarily require that the host and guests be in the same physical space, such that a host in California can interview a guest in Maine, for example. Broadcast technology can vary from complex studios to basic setups, with the general trend being that equipment is getting more powerful and less expensive as time goes by. One journalist described how he souped up a laptop to handle a podcast:

Notable political podcasts
Candidate Confessional
Chapo Trap House with "irreverent leftist commentary"
Common Sense with Dan Carlin hosted by Dan Carlin for Libertarian audiences
Decode DC
FiveThirtyEight Elections
Keepin%27 it 1600 -- a "raucous happy hour" format with political speechwriter Jon Favreau and Dan Pfeiffer
Left, Right & Center (KCRW) has pundits, understandably, from the left, right and center
NPR Politics Podcast from NPR
Mueller, She Wrote, a comedic news podcast centring around the Mueller investigation
Pod Save America
Ricochet for conservative audiences
Slate Political Gabfest with Emily Bazelon, John Dickerson and David Plotz
Start Making Sense by The Nation magazine features historian Jon Wiener
The Axe Files
The Brilliant Idiots with radio personality Charlamagne Tha God and Andrew Schultz
The Pollsters discusses new developments in political polling
The World Next Week from the Council on Foreign Relations, highlights upcoming political events from around the world
InfoWars hosted by Alex Jones for far right audiences.
The Ben Shapiro Show by Ben Shapiro a conservative political podcast.

Politicians on podcasts

Barack Obama
On June 22, 2015, President Barack Obama sat down with host Marc Maron for the 613th episode of the WTF Podcast. This was the first appearance of President Obama's presidency on a web-based podcast, and the first appearance of a sitting president on an online podcast. The WTF Podcast was broadcast from Marc Maron's garage in Los Angeles, California. The conversation between Maron and President Obama covered a range of subject, starting with the president's upbringing in Southern California and Hawaii then evolving into in a discussion about the main issues which the administration was dealing with at the time, gun laws, universal healthcare and the current political divide in America. The President cited the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the deadest school shooting in U.S history, as an example of his frustrations with the current Senate at the time and their inability to act due to lobby groups like the NRA, and the effects of the inaction on public opinion.

The President then continued to speak on the disconnect between the daily lives of average Americans and what is being shown in the U.S media and how the current political system does not create space for ordinary conversations about politics.  Obama then spoke about disappointing his supporters on certain policy issues and how his administrations rectified some of the actions that they took, citing the difficulties about the implementations of public healthcare and national defence.  The conversation then switched to racial relations in America, referring to the 2015 Baltimore protests and the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson Missouri. The President then argued that it is "...incontrovertible that race relations have improved significantly..." and that the shadow of racist policy and attitudes is still prevalent in American institutions.  The interview ended with Marc asking Obama about his father with Obama describing him as a "tragic figure" with the interview ending with Obama and Marc discussing the President's legacy and his "fearless mindset".

Political Podcasts In Canada
Podcasts on Canadian politics span a broad range of topics, including local/provincial politics, national politics, news of the day, polls, and demographics.

Local/Provincial

 Politicoast (British Columbia)
 Coast Reporter (British Columbia)
 Calgary Sun's The Confluence
 The Broadcast (Edmonton)
 Off Script (Nova Scotia/Atlantic Canada)
 CBC Radio New Brunswick's Spin Reduxit

National

 The Boys In Short Pants
 Canadaland Commons
 The Docket
 Maclean's On The Hill
 Political Traction
 Brief Remarks
 Canadian Political Underground
 The Strategists
 CBC Election Pollcast
 CBC Power and Politics
 CBC The House
 CTV Question Period
 The Agenda with Steve Paikin

Future direction
Political podcasts have experienced tremendous growth over the past few years, but activity may lessen after the 2016 presidential election in the United States. According to analyst Nicholas Quah of Harvard's Nieman Lab, political podcasts can take one of two routes: either increasing the frequency of their broadcasts to cover rapid new developments, or approaching topics more thematically in an effort to make each episode "less disposable." He proposed a hybrid model in which content from disposable interview-type podcasts can be used to update the archives of thematically-oriented content.

References

Category:American political media
Category:Digital broadcasting
Category:Audio podcasts
Category:Political media


Josefina Pla

Josefina Pla (9 November 1903 in Isla de Lobos, Canary Islands, Spain – 11 January 1999 in Asunción, Paraguay) was a Spanish poet, playwright, art critic, painter and journalist.

She received numerous awards and distinctions for her literary work, for defending human rights and the equality between men and women.

Early life

Josefina Pla was born in Isla de Lobos, Canarias, the daughter of Leopoldo Plá and Rafaela Guerra Galvani. She spent her childhood in diverse cities of Spain with her father, a functionary of provinces.

In 1924, she met the Paraguayan artist Andres Campos Cervera in Villajoyosa, Alicante; they married two years later.

Artistic career

In 1925, she went to Paraguay and first established herself in Villa Aurelia and  Asunción. In that same year, she presented her writings in the youth magazine, Speaker of the Writers' Generation of Paraguayan Postmodernism. From there until 1938, she traveled twice to Spain with her husband.

Her husband died in 1937. She came back to Paraguay a year later and headlined with Hérib Campos Cervera, nephew of her husband.

Throughout her life, she received several awards, gabardines and nominations, including: The Lady of Honour of the Order of Isabel la Católica (1977); the member of the International Ceramic Academy in Geneva, Switzerland; the founding member of the PEN Paraguayan Club; the "Ollantay" trophy to the theatre investigation of Venezuela (1984); the "woman of the year" in (1977); the Bicentenary Medal of the United States of America (1976); the condition of Counsel of the Vice Minister of the Paraguayan Culture; the National Order of Merit in the commendatory grade of the Paraguayan Government in (1994); her Human Rights defence recognition given by the International Society of Jurists; the Beautiful Arts Gold Medal of Spain (1995), the Johann Gottfried von Herder Medal; member of the Paraguayan Linguistic Academy of Paraguayan and Spanish history; finalist of the Merit Contest for the “Príncipe de Asturias" award (1981); the postulation for the "Cervantes award", top recognition for the Hispanic letters in the years 1989 and 1994; and the "Ciudadanía Honoraria" given by the Paraguayan Parliament in 1998.

In the 1950s, she was a co-founder of the New Art Group along with fellow artists Olga Blinder, Lilí De Mónico and José Laterza Parodi.

Pla died on 11 January 1999 in Asuncion.

Works

Her work covers the field of literary creation – more than forty titles in poetry, narrative and theatre, the social and cultural history of Paraguay, the ceramic, painting and critic, by which, with justice is considered the highest, fundamental referent in the Paraguayan Cultural Subject in the last century. She frequently collaborated with Roque Centurión Miranda in writing many of her plays, particularly from 1942.

Her dramatic production includes, since 1927 until 1974, "Víctima propiciatoria", "Episodios chaqueños" (with Roque Centurión Miranda), "Porasy" (opera script with music of Otakar Platal), "Desheredado", "La hora de Caín", "Aquí no ha pasado nada", "Un sobre en blanco", "María inmaculada", "Pater familias" (all with Roque Centurión Miranda), "La humana impaciente", "Fiesta en el río", "El edificio", "De mí que no del tiempo", "El pretendiente inesperado", "Historia de un número", "Esta es la casa que Juana construyó", "La cocina de las sombras", "El professor", "El pan del avaro", "El rey que rabió" y "El hombre de oro" (the last three, are children pieces), "La tercera huella dactilar", "Media docena de grotescos brevísimos", "Las ocho sobre el mar", "Hermano Francisco", "Momentos estelares de la mujer (short pieces series)", "Don Quijote y los Galeotes", "El hombre en la cruz", and "El empleo" y "Alcestes".

Her piece about Cultural and Social Paraguayan History includes the following titles: "La cultura paraguaya y el libro", "Literatura paraguaya del Siglo XX", "Apuntes para una historia de la cultura paraguaya", "Arte actual en el Paraguay", "Cuatro siglos de teatro en el Paraguay", "Impacto de la cultura de las Reducciones en lo Nacional", "Apuntes para una aproximación a la Imaginería Paraguaya", "El Templo de Yaguarón", "El barroco hispano-guaraní", "Las artesanías en el Paraguay", "Ñandutí. Encrucijada de dos mundos", "El espíritu del fuego", "El libro en la época colonial", "Bilingüismo y tercera lengua en el Paraguay", "Españoles en la cultura del Paraguay", "La mujer en la plástica paraguaya" and "The British in Paraguay, 1850 - 1870" (translated by B.C. McDermot).

References
 Centro Cultural de la República
 Diccionario Biográfico "FORJADORES DEL PARAGUAY", Primera Edición Enero de 2000. Distribuidora Quevedo de Ediciones. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

External links

 Josefina Pla Corral recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division’s audio literary archive in 1984

Category:Paraguayan women poets
Category:1903 births
Category:1999 deaths
Category:People from Fuerteventura
Category:Canarian writers
Category:Women dramatists and playwrights
Category:Paraguayan people of Canarian descent
Category:Paraguayan dramatists and playwrights
Category:Spanish emigrants to Paraguay
Category:Paraguayan women artists
Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Category:20th-century Paraguayan poets
Category:20th-century Paraguayan painters
Category:20th-century Paraguayan women writers
Category:20th-century women artists


Smoking in Egypt

The use of tobacco products in Egypt is widespread. It is estimated that approximately twenty percent of the population uses tobacco products daily. Cigarettes are the most common form of tobacco consumption in Egypt, with an estimated twenty billion cigarettes smoked annually in the country. After cigarettes, shisha water-pipes are the most common form of tobacco consumption. Many Egyptians are not fully aware of the health risks of using a water-pipe and many believe it to be less harmful than cigarettes.

Recently legislation has passed in Egypt that prohibits smoking in public places and requires special warnings to be placed on tobacco packaging. Smoking is far more common among men than it is among women, however, the number of women smokers is on the rise. The tobacco industry in Egypt is dominated by the Eastern Tobacco Company; however, since the cultivation of tobacco is prohibited in Egypt the manufacturer must rely entirely on imported tobacco. The number of adults smoking tobacco products in Egypt continues to rise, some suggest by as much as four to five percent annually.

Prevalence in Society
Smoking in Egypt is prevalent with 19 billion cigarettes smoked annually in the country, making it the largest market in the Arab world. Inside cafes, hookah (shisha) smoking is common. As of 2012 smoking in Egypt has reached an all-time high with an estimated twenty percent, twenty million people, regularly using tobacco products.

Egypt is ranked as one of the top ten per capita consumers of tobacco by the World Lung Foundation. Of this twenty percent of the population estimated to use tobacco products, ninety-five percent were daily smokers. Sixteen percent smoke only cigarettes, 3.3% smoke shisha water-pipes, and 2.6% use smokeless tobacco products. While consumption of tobacco in adults is in decline or stagnant in many countries, in Egypt, the number of adult cigarette smokers is increasing at a rate of four to five percent per year

Smoking in Egyptian History
It is not entirely clear when the use of tobacco first began in Egypt. Tobacco use in the Middle East can be dated back to the sixteenth century, however, there is some evidence and some scholars support the argument that tobacco products were used in Egypt as far back as the time of the Pharaohs.

Islam and Smoking
Although Islam has no specific ban on smoking tobacco, several Islamic principles are cited in support of the religion-based banning of tobacco. Depending on the location and community, Islamic authorities have either deemed smoking as Makruh (to be avoided) or Haram (forbidden).On September 5, 1999, Nasr Farid Wasel, the then Grand Mufti of Egypt, issued a Fatwa (a religious ruling) against tobacco smoking.

Smoking in Public
In Egypt, the tobacco control law prohibits smoking in the following specified public places: health and educational facilities, governmental venues, sporting and social clubs, and youth centers (though these rules are not usually followed ). Smoking is also prohibited on public transport. Under a separate environmental statute, smoking is restricted to specially designated areas in industrial establishments, tourism related establishments, and electricity production establishments.

Perception of Smoking
In a survey conducted of Egyptian smokers, overall 97.6% believed that smoking tobacco can cause serious illness. However belief that smoking causes specific illness varied. A significant number of smokers believe that shisha is less harmful than other forms of smoking. Approximately 97.4% believed that smoking shisha causes serious illness such as stroke, heart attack, and lung cancer.A national survey conducted by the Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute showed that waterpipe smoking was inversely related to educational level, and that most users believed that using a waterpipe is less harmful than cigarettes. The survey also showed that more than 70% of male waterpipe smokers smoked in their homes in the presence of their children and wives, calling attention to the unfortunate lack of knowledge regarding indoor environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

Tobacco Industry in Egypt

Tobacco cultivation is not legal in Egypt, therefore companies who produce tobacco products must rely on imported raw tobacco largely imported from India and China, as well as from Brazil, Italy, Syrian Arab Republic, and the United States of America. Egypt's tobacco industry is dominated by the Eastern Tobacco Company (ETC), the largest cigarette manufacturer in the Middle East. A small but ever increasing amount of Egyptian cigarettes are exported to neighboring countries, mostly to serve Egyptians working abroad.

Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship
In Egypt, most forms of tobacco advertising and promotion are banned. The law does not specifically ban tobacco sponsorship, nor does it use the term tobacco sponsorship. However, some forms of tobacco sponsorship may be prohibited under the ban on advertising and promotion. Because the terms “tobacco advertising and promotion” and “tobacco sponsorship” are not defined, it is difficult to determine the exact scope of the ban.

Tobacco Packaging and Labeling
Starting August 1, 2008 cigarette labels in Egypt began requiring images of the effects of smoking: a dying man in an oxygen mask, a coughing child and a limp cigarette symbolizing impotence. The law requires two textual warnings that must be accompanied by a picture (of a heart, lung, or pregnancy) with additional relevant text. The picture and text should be rotated every six months.  The warnings must occupy 50 percent of the front and back principal display areas.

The law prohibits the use of the terms “light,” “low tar,” and “very low tar” on tobacco product packaging. However, the law does not prohibit the use of other misleading terms, descriptors, figures or other indicia that create an erroneous impression about the health effects of a tobacco product including a requirement that the quantity (figurative yield) of tar and nicotine be displayed on tobacco product packages. The law does not require a qualitative statement on constituents and emissions.

Tobacco Control Legislation
Law No. 52 of 1981 Concerning the Prevention of the Adverse Effects of Tobacco provides the foundation upon which subsequent tobacco legislation rests.  This principal law addresses, although briefly, smoke-free policies; advertising, promotion and sponsorship; packaging and labeling; and penalties.  Law No. 85 of 2002, Law No. 154 of 2007, Decree No. 443 of 2008, and Executive Bylaw of Law No. 52 of 1981 all amend and/or build upon the comprehensive tobacco control legislation contained in Law No. 52 of 1981.  Several other laws and decrees supplement Law No. 52 of 1981 and its amending and subsequent legislation.  These laws include: Law No. 137 of 1981, a labor law which established the penalties for smoking while at work or at places of work; and Law No. 4 of 1994, an environmental law addressing smoke-free policies.  In addition, Decree No. 465 of 2007, issued by the Ministry of Health and Population, established the Tobacco Control Administration as an administrative body within the Ministry.

Trends Among Different Groups of Egyptians

Gender Differences
Nearly forty percent of all men in Egypt smoke while the percentage of reported women smokers stays low at less than two percent. Among men manufactured cigarettes were the most popular type of product, preferred by 31.7%, followed by shisha only preferred by 6.2%. On the other hand, among women 0.2% preferred manufactured cigarettes. Among daily cigarette smokers, men on average smoke 19.4 cigarettes a day while the figure for women is lower.

Women and Smoking
An estimated two percent of Egyptian women smoke, however most researchers believe female smoking is greatly underreported due to social taboos that push female smoking into private areas. Such a rate is the lowest reported in countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region [4] and is lower than for women in other developing countries (range from 2% to 10%). The prevalence of smoking among women in Egypt, as elsewhere in the developing world, is expected to increase in view of the weakening of cultural norms, women’s increased spending power and the tactics of the tobacco company in targeting women as new consumers.

Smoking in Divergent Age Groups
The percentage of the population using any tobacco product increases to around 23% and nearly 26% among the productive age groups 25–44 and 45–64 years, respectively. The prevalence of using any tobacco product among all university graduates is about 16%. The percentage of using any tobacco product among those with no formal education or those with some primary level education was higher at around 21% and nearly 26%, respectively.

Among men, the proportion of ever-smokers peaked in the age group 45–54 years and the second highest figure was among the age group 35–44 years. This profile resembles another report from Egypt, where the peak was between 40 and 60 years of age. These two peaks may reflect the circumstances of earlier generations, who established their smoking habit 25 to 34 years ago during the beginning of the smoking epidemic in developing countries when scarce data were available to the public about the harmful consequences of tobacco.

Quitting
In a survey conducted by the World Health Organization, they found that among every day smokers, 16.6% had quit smoking. Of the people who quit smoking over the past twelve months 41.1% had made an attempt to quit and 17.9% actually proved successful in quitting. Of the current population of smokers 42.8% expressed interest in quitting smoking. Of the 41.1% that tried to quit over the past twelve months, only 2.0% used pharmacotherapy and 4.0% used cessation counseling.

See also
 Health in Egypt

References

Category:Politics of Egypt
Egypt
Category:Health in Egypt
Category:Tobacco in Egypt


List of DC Comics imprint publications

DC Comics is one of the largest comic book and graphic novel publishers in North America. DC has published comic books under a number of different imprints and corporate names. This page lists all series, mini-series, limited series, and graphic novels published under the imprints All-Star, ABC, CMX, DC Focus, Helix, Homage, Impact, Johnny DC, Milestone, Minx, Paradox Press, Piranha Press, Tangent, Vertigo, WildStorm, and Young Animal as well as those Amalgam Comics published by DC.

A list of DC Comics published under the DC or AA imprint can be found here.

A list of DC Archive Editions can be found here.

A list of DC Comics trade paperback reprint collections can be found here.

A list of DC Comics imprints reprint collections can be found here.

Titles under DC

All-Star
The All-Star line intends to reinterpret DC's most recognizable characters in their purest, iconic forms. All Star Batgirl and All Star Wonder Woman have been announced, but do not yet have a set publication date.

Amalgam
Amalgam Comics was a title shared by DC and Marvel Comics for a Fifth-week event. The following were the titles published by DC, others were published by Marvel.

DC Focus
DC Focus was a short-lived imprint featuring people with super powers who did not necessarily become heroes.

Johnny DC
Johnny DC publishes DC comics for a younger audience, mostly animated series and Cartoon Network related material.

Tangent
Tangent Comics was a title used for two Fifth-week events. For Tangent: Superman's Reign, see List of DC Comics publications.

CMX
An imprint reprinting manga.

Helix
Helix was short-lived science fiction imprint for mature readers. It was ultimately folded into Vertigo.

Impact
Impact Comics printed superhero comics licensed from Archie Comics.

Milestone Media
Milestone Media was a creator-owned imprint licensed to DC. In 2008, Milestone Media characters became part of the DC Universe.

Minx

Paradox Press

Piranha Press
Published from 1989 to 1993, Piranha Press was DC's alternative comics line.

Vertigo

Wildstorm

DC Imprints


2017 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix

The 2017 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 2017 MotoGP season. It was held at the Circuito de Jerez in Jerez de la Frontera on May 7, 2017. The MotoGP race also marked the 3,000th Grand Prix World Championship race.

Classification

MotoGP

Moto2

Moto3

 Philipp Öttl suffered a broken collarbone in a crash during qualifying and withdrew from the event.

Championship standings after the race

MotoGP
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round four has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

Moto2

Moto3
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
!
! Rider
! Points
|-
|align=center| 1
|  Joan Mir
|align=right| 74
|-
|align=center| 2
|  Romano Fenati
|align=right| 65
|-
|align=center| 3
|  Jorge Martín
|align=right| 59
|-
|align=center| 4
|  John McPhee
|align=right| 49
|-
|align=center| 5
|  Arón Canet
|align=right| 43
|-
|align=center| 6
|  Fabio Di Giannantonio
|align=right| 35
|-
|align=center| 7
|  Andrea Migno
|align=right| 35
|-
|align=center| 8
|  Marcos Ramírez
|align=right| 23
|-
|align=center| 9
|  Juan Francisco Guevara
|align=right| 23
|-
|align=center| 10
|  Nicolò Bulega
|align=right| 22

References

Spain
Motorcycle Grand Prix
Category:Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix
Spanish


2009 Ciudad Juárez prison riot

A prison riot occurred at the CERESO state prison in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, on March 4, 2009. During the riots, at least 20 people were killed and 15 were injured. Although a police spokesman stated that no police or jail guards were killed during the riots, the Red Cross said that two policemen had been killed. The riot was a fight among several rival gangs, the "Barrio Azteca," "Los Mexicles" and "Artistas Asesinos" (AA).

The riots began at roughly 7 AM local time (2 PM UTC), and lasted for about two hours. 14 members of the Aztecas "subjugated" a prison guard with knives and stole the guard's keys. The gang then opened several cells, releasing 170 prisoners. The prisoners forced their way into an area where members of the Mexicles and AA were meeting with family and friends during conjugal visits, and attacked them. During the riots, prisoners set blocks of prison cells on fire, stabbed each other with knives, or were beaten. Other prisoners used rifles and iron pins as weapons. In addition, some prisoners were thrown from the second story of buildings. Two of the 20 prisoners died at a local hospital, while the remainder died in the prison.

At least 50 members of the Mexican Army and 200 police were deployed to end the riots. An airplane and two helicopters were also used to quell the violence. Earlier in the day, 1,500 troops began entering the city in an effort to reduce drug-and-gang-related violence, which, over the last year, took the lives of 2,000 people in Ciudad Juárez.

References

Category:2009 in Mexico
Category:Riots and civil disorder in Mexico
Category:2009 riots
Category:Prison uprisings
Category:History of Chihuahua (state)


1972 CFL Draft

The 1972 CFL Draft composed of nine rounds where 70 Canadian football players that were chosen exclusively from eligible Canadian universities. The Montreal Alouettes, who had the worst record in the Eastern Conference in the previous season, had the first overall selection.

1st round

1. Montreal Alouettes  Larry Smith  RB  Bishop's

2. Edmonton Eskimos              Mike Lambrose  LB  Queen's

3. British Columbia Lions        Steve Szapka  G  Simon Fraser

4. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Tom Walker  FB  Waterloo Lutheran

5. Montreal Alouettes                Peter Paliotti  WR  Loyola

6. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  John Harris  T  York

7. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Mike O'Shaughnessy  DE  McMaster

8. Toronto Argonauts             Rick Chevers  LB  Waterloo

9. Calgary Stampeders            Don Moulton  DB  Calgary

2nd round

10. Montreal Alouettes               Alexander Baptist  LB  Bishop's

11. Winnipeg Blue Bombers        Bruce Miatello  T  McMaster

12. Toronto Argonauts  Stewart Francis  LB  Simon Fraser

13. Calgary Stampeders               John Konihowski  WR  Saskatchewan

14. Calgary Stampeders               Bill Hogan  WR  Waterloo Lutheran

15. Winnipeg Blue Bombers            Jon Dellandrea  T  Toronto

16. Saskatchewan Roughriders     Bob Toogood  DE  Manitoba

17. Toronto Argonauts  Bill Turnbull  DB  Waterloo Lutheran

18. Calgary Stampeders               Bob Bayter  DB  McMaster

3rd round

19. Montreal Alouettes               Rick Kaupp  DB  New Brunswick

20. Edmonton Eskimos                 Glen Colwill  TB  Simon Fraser

21. British Columbia Lions  Bob Friend  DB  Simon Fraser

22. Ottawa Rough Riders          Doug Cihoki  E  Western Ontario

23. Winnipeg Blue Bombers            Rein Enno  C  Toronto

24. Hamilton Tiger-Cats              Jim Chalkley  FB  McMaster

25. Saskatchewan Roughriders  Joe Watt  T  McMaster

26. Toronto Argonauts                John Buda  T  Waterloo

27. Calgary Stampeders               Jeff Owen  T  Windsor

4th round

28. Montreal Alouettes               Jim Leone  G  St. Francis Xavier

29. Edmonton Eskimos                 Roy Beechey  WR  Alberta

30. British Columbia Lions           Art Lestins  T  Waterloo Lutheran

31. Ottawa Rough Riders              Stew MacSween  DB  Toronto

32. Winnipeg Blue Bombers            John Morash  DT  Windsor

33. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Jerry Mays  WR  McMaster

34. Saskatchewan Roughriders  Jim Cooper  DB  Waterloo Lutheran

35. Toronto Argonauts                Mike Urban  QB  Windsor

36. Calgary Stampeders               Don Westlake  TB  Guelph

5th round

37. Montreal Alouettes                Mike Tanner  DB  Dalhousie

38. Edmonton Eskimos                  Barry St. George  WR  Ottawa

39. British Columbia Lions  Bill MacDonald  QB  Bishop's

40. Ottawa Rough Riders               Ron Perowne  TB  Bishop's

41. Winnipeg Blue Bombers             Jamie Horne  LB  Manitoba

42. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Dan Smith  QB  Ottawa

43. Toronto Argonauts                 Gary Jeffries  DB  Waterloo Lutheran

44. Calgary Stampeders                Paul Knill  DB  Western Ontario

6th round

45. Montreal Alouettes                Dave Scharman  G  Waterloo Lutheran

46. Edmonton Eskimos                  Dave Syme  QB  Simon Fraser

47. British Columbia Lions            Jean Gouin  T  Ottawa

48. Ottawa Rough Riders               Gordon Ladbrook  LB  Dalhousie

49. Winnipeg Blue Bombers             Mario Nardone  DT  Carleton

50. Hamilton Tiger-Cats               Mark Drexler  DE  Western Ontario

51. Hamilton Tiger-Cats               Mark Baldosoro  HB  McMaster

52. Toronto Argonauts  Rick Henderson  G  Waterloo Lutheran

53. Calgary Stampeders                William Lockington  QB  McMaster

7th round

54. Montreal Alouettes  John Danaher  DE  New Brunswick

55. Edmonton Eskimos                  Bud Coupland  WR  Calgary

56. British Columbia Lions            Wayne Terry  DB  Ottawa

57. Ottawa Rough Riders                Fred Tokaryk  DT  Dalhousie

58. Winnipeg Blue Bombers             Mark Millen  DE  Manitoba

59. Hamilton Tiger-Cats               Rick Wiedenhoeft  DB  Waterloo

60. Toronto Argonauts  Doug Ball  HB  Toronto

61. Calgary Stampeders                Frank Belvedere  HB  Loyola

8th round

62. Montreal Alouettes                Ian Purcell  DB  Simon Fraser

63. Edmonton Eskimos  Jerry Simpson  DB  Dalhousie

64. British Columbia Lions  Ron Warner  G  British Columbia

65. Winnipeg Blue Bombers  Bill Thompson  DE  Queen's

66. Calgary Stampeders  Scott Henderson  C  Calgary

9th round

67. Montreal Alouettes                Larry Rodenbush  C  Brandon

68. Montreal Alouettes                William Beaton  G  Carleton

69. Winnipeg Blue Bombers             Doug Cozac  HB  Queen's

70. Calgary Stampeders                Rick Coleman  DT  Calgary

References
Canadian Draft

Category:Canadian College Draft
Cfl Draft, 1972


Phoenicocoris

Phoenicocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 16 described species in Phoenicocoris.

Species
These 16 species belong to the genus Phoenicocoris:

 Phoenicocoris australis (Blatchley, 1926)
 Phoenicocoris claricornis (Knight, 1923)
 Phoenicocoris crataegi (Knight, 1931)
 Phoenicocoris dissimilis (Reuter, 1878)
 Phoenicocoris hesperus (Knight, 1968)
 Phoenicocoris longirostris (Knight, 1968)
 Phoenicocoris minusculus (Knight, 1923)
 Phoenicocoris modestus (Meyer-Dür, 1843)
 Phoenicocoris nevadensis Schwartz & Stonedahl, 2004
 Phoenicocoris obscurellus (Fallén, 1829)
 Phoenicocoris opacus (Reuter, 1906)
 Phoenicocoris pallidicornis Schwartz & Stonedahl, 2004
 Phoenicocoris ponderosae Schwartz & Stonedahl, 2004
 Phoenicocoris rostratus (Knight, 1923)
 Phoenicocoris strobicola (Knight, 1923)
 Phoenicocoris vidali (Lindberg, 1940)

References

Further reading

External links

Category:Phylinae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot


Grove City Christian School

Grove City Christian School is a private, Christian high school in Grove City, Ohio.

Background
Grove City Christian School opened in 1990.
The mission of GCCS is to partner with Bible-believing families and their churches in providing the spiritual and academic foundation that cultivates, transforms and prepares students to be Christian leaders who impact their world.

External links
 School Website
 School Athletics website
GCCS Statement of Faith
GCCS Core Values
GCCS Educational Philosophy

Notes and references

Category:High schools in Franklin County, Ohio
Category:Educational institutions established in 1990
Category:Private high schools in Ohio
Category:Private middle schools in Ohio
Category:Private elementary schools in Ohio


Mary Cramer

Dame Mary Therese Cramer  (; 10 July 189323 September 1984) was an Australian charity and community worker. She was the wife of Sir John Cramer, a Liberal federal politician and minister.

Biography
Mary Therese Earls was born in New South Wales in 1893, the eldest of six children of William Earls and his wife Maria (née Kirby), who had emigrated to Australia from Ireland several years earlier.

She became a teacher. On 14 January 1922 she married John Cramer in the Sydney suburb of Petersham, and they had four children: John, Erle, Bronwyn and Leonie.

John Cramer became Mayor of North Sydney in 1939, and Mary Cramer assumed the duties of Lady Mayoress.

When World War II broke out, she organised a Voluntary Aid Detachment for North Sydney, and also the first group of the Women's Australian National Service in Sydney and became its first commandant. She was president of the New South Wales division of the Australian Red Cross and of the Advisory Board of the Mater Misericordiae Hospital in North Sydney.

In 1949 John Cramer was elected the inaugural member for the Division of Bennelong in the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Liberal Party of Australia. He was Minister for the Army 1956-63 in Robert Menzies' government. In 1964 he was knighted and she was then known as Lady Cramer. On 12 June 1971 Lady Cramer was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in recognition of service to the public, which was said to have left an indelible mark on the lower North Shore. She had maintained her public activities for four decades although being prone to recurring illness.  Sir John Cramer retired from parliament at the 1974 election.

Death
Dame Mary Cramer died in September 1984, aged 91, and was buried at the Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium. Her husband outlived her by almost a decade, dying in 1994, aged 98.

References

Category:1893 births
Category:1984 deaths
Category:Australian activists
Category:Australian schoolteachers
Category:Spouses of Australian politicians
Category:Australian Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Category:People from New South Wales
Category:Australian people of Irish descent


Hemotherapy

Hemotherapy ( ) or hemotherapeutics ( ) is the treatment of disease by the use of blood or blood products from blood donation (by others or for oneself).

It includes various types, such as:
Blood transfusion
Packed red blood cells transfusion
Fresh frozen plasma transfusion
Plasmapheresis of various kinds, including plasma exchange
Autohemotherapy, with autologous blood that is usually modified in some way

References

Category:Transfusion medicine


Aldrovandi Villa Borghese

Aldrovandi Villa Borghese is a luxury 5-star hotel at the edge of Villa Borghese in Rome, Italy.

A member of The Leading Hotels of the World. It is also adjacent to Bioparco, a zoological garden located on part of the original Villa Borghese estate.

History
Prior to becoming a hotel, this late 19th century Umbertine palace hosted the Istituto Cabrini, a prestigious young ladies' college operated by the Sœurs missionnaires du Sacré-Cœur, and attended by pupils mainly from the aristocracy.

The hotel name is a combination of the street name Via Ulisse Aldrovandi - in honour of the Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi - and the name of the adjacent Villa Borghese gardens.

Aldrovandi Villa Borghese is a family-owned property.  Before becoming general manager of the hotel, Ugo Ossani was director of sales and marketing and its executive director.

Features
The hotel has 92 rooms and 16 suites, two restaurants, two bars, an outdoor swimming pool, private gardens, nine meeting rooms and banqueting facilities. In 2011, the Michelin Guide awarded two Michelin stars to its restaurant Oliver Glowig.
In 2014, Aldrovandi Villa Borghese opened a brand new spa in collaboration with the high-end cosmetics brand La Mer.

References

Category:Tourism in Rome
Category:Hotels in Rome


Felix Mitchell

Felix Wayne Mitchell Jr. (August 23, 1954 – August 21, 1986) was a convicted drug lord from Oakland, California and leader of the "69 Mob" criminal organization, which operated throughout California and into the midwest. He was known as "Felix the Cat" after the cartoon character.

History
Mitchell was born in Oakland and lived in the 69th Avenue San Antonio Village housing projects. After dropping out of high school, Mitchell created a criminal organization called "My Other Brother, or 6-9 Mob" a.k.a. "MOB".  Connected with L.A. kingpin Tootie Reese, he made business contacts in the Bay Area, Los Angeles and Detroit.

For more than a decade, Mitchell battled competition from Mickey Moore’s crime family and the Funktown USA gang to gain total control of the heroin market. Before 1984–1985 and the widespread practice of free-basing cocaine, heroin use was more common. It is estimated that Mitchell brought in as much as $5 million annually.

Mitchell was targeted by local and federal law enforcement. He was convicted in 1985 and sentenced to life in prison at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary where he was fatally stabbed on August 21, 1986, two days before his 32nd birthday, a little more than a year later.

Funeral and notoriety
Mitchell's funeral gained national attention as an example of the impact drugs and drug-culture was having on the country's youth. Thousands of people lined the streets to pay their respects as the funeral procession went through Mitchell’s old Oakland neighborhood. His body was carried through crowded streets by a horse-drawn carriage trailed by 14 Rolls Royce limousines and was attended by Black Panther Party co-founder Huey P. Newton. According to an interview with Bay Area radio personality Jimmy Guy "I remember his funeral, it was like Martin Luther King had died and that coverage went out all over the country. I didn't want my city to just be known for honoring a drug lord."

The service received news coverage internationally. Onlookers lined the streets to watch the procession. The procession began at Mitchell's former residence, the San Antonio Villas and ended at the Star Bethel Baptist Church at San Pablo and Stanford Avenues in Oakland. Many civic leaders and citizens were appalled that the services were allowed to take place at all. Proper permits for the event had been filed.

Mitchell's criminal convictions were overturned by a federal judge on technicalities, a few years after his death.

Criminologists named an effect after him known as the "Felix Mitchell Paradox" —whereby after a major successful police operation (like the arrest of Mitchell) crime and violence both went up instead of down as one might expect. It is thought that Felix had such monopoly power in parts of Oakland that he controlled pricing and policed the violence of smaller gangs. When he was arrested it left a power vacuum and the smaller gangs started both price wars and shooting wars to fill the void.

References

Category:1954 births
Category:1986 deaths
Category:People from Oakland, California
Category:African-American mobsters
Category:American mobsters
Category:American drug traffickers
Category:American mob bosses
Category:Murdered African-American people
Category:Murdered American mobsters
Category:American people who died in prison custody
Category:Prisoners murdered in custody
Category:Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention
Category:People murdered in Kansas
Category:Deaths by stabbing in Kansas
Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government
Category:Criminals of the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:African-American history in Oakland, California


1937–38 League of Ireland

The 1937–38 League of Ireland was the seventeenth season of the League of Ireland. Sligo Rovers were the defending champions.

Shamrock Rovers won their fifth title.

Overview
Dolphin resigned from the League voluntarily, while Limerick were elected in their place.

Teams

Table

Top goalscorers

Ireland
Lea
Category:League of Ireland seasons


La Plana Novella

Plana Novella ()  is an old country estate and village located on a small plain in the middle of the Garraf Massif National Park, about three kilometers to the east of Jafra and within the municipal boundary of the town of Olivella, Spain. It is notable for being in an almost uninhabited rural area, despite being about half an hour's drive from Barcelona. It is also the location of a Tibetan Buddhist retreat.

History
In 1885, the estate was acquired by Pere Domenech i Grau who built a large mansion, Palau Novella (Novella Palace), on it. Ten years later he went bankrupt and the estate was taken over by the Spanish government and reclassified as an agricultural colony.

The architectural style of the mansion is eclectic. It can be described as a "castle of props", as if it were the set of a theatre. The most original stylistic building of la Plana Novella is the courtyard in the Gaudi style, but one of the most characteristic and eye-catching elements is the lavatory, known as "the throne".

Rural depopulation has left many farmhouses in the area deserted, and the Park is almost uninhabited. However the area has seen a recent growth in second homes, and tourism is growing in importance in the village.

Since its foundation in 1996, the Sakya Tashi Ling Tibetan Buddhist monastery and community has been located in Plana Novella.

References

External links
 Tibetan Buddhist retreat website

Category:Garraf


Noeun station

Noeun Station () is a station of Daejeon Metro Line 1 in Noeun-dong, Yuseong District, Daejeon, South Korea.

Surroundings
In the vicinity of Nogun Station, there are Ji Jok Mountain, DaeJeon Ji jok High School, DaeJeon Ji juk Middle School, DaeJon SangJi Elementary School, Durubong Neighborhood Park and Eung- GuBi Park.

The location is 161 underground of Noeun in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon Metropolitan City.

References

External links
  Noeun Station from Daejeon Metropolitan Express Transit Corporation

Category:Daejeon Metro stations
Category:Yuseong District
Category:Railway stations opened in 2007


Municipio II

The Municipio II, is an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome.

It was first created by Rome's City Council on 19 January 2001 and it has a President who is elected during the mayoral elections. On 11 March 2013 its borders were modified and it has expanded with the incorporation of part of the abolished Municipio III.

Subdivision
Municipio II is divided into 11 localities:

Municipal Government
The President of the municipio is directly elected by citizens. The Council of the municipio is elected every five years, with a system under which voters express a direct choice for the President or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives at least 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks. This gives a result whereby the winning candidate may be able to claim majority support.

Last election occurred on 5 and 19 June 2016:

Table below shows the current composition of the Council:

Here is a list of the Presidents of the municipio since the office was created in 2001:

References

Category:Municipi of Rome


Half a Sixpence (2016 musical)

Half a Sixpence is a musical based on the 1905 novel Kipps by H. G. Wells and the original 1963 musical, with music by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe, and lyrics by Anthony Drewe and Heneker, featuring several of the original songs by Heneker, and book by Julian Fellowes.

This production was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and Chichester Festival Theatre where it premiered in July 2016 before transferring into the West End in London at the Noël Coward Theatre in October 2016.

The show closed on 2 September 2017 after three extensions to its limited run.

Background
The original musical of Half a Sixpence, based on the novel Kipps by H. G. Wells, featured music and lyrics by David Heneker and book by Beverley Cross. The musical was originally written as a star vehicle for British pop star Tommy Steele who performed the role of Kipps originally in London in 1963, Broadway in 1965 and in the 1967 film adaptation. It was evident that the show relied on Steele as the star vehicle as he featured in twelve of the musical's fifteen songs.

Following the success with Mary Poppins, producer Cameron Mackintosh reunited the same team of George Stiles and Anthony Drewe to adapt Heneker's original songs and create new material for the production, with Julian Fellowes re-writing an entirely new book. The creative team also reunites Stiles and Drewe with Fellowes after Mary Poppins and the new musical adaptation of The Wind in the Willows (which also reunites director Rachel Kavanaugh, who also directed Stiles and Drewe's Peter Pan: A Musical Adventure at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in 2007).

Productions

Chichester and West End production
The musical premiered at Chichester Festival Theatre (as part of the final season of Jonathan Church as artistic director and Alan Finch as executive producer) from 14 July to 2 September 2016 as a co-production with Cameron Mackintosh. It was originally announced that Bryan Dick would star as Kipps, however he later withdrew to appear in the West End production of Hobson's Choice. It was later announced that newcomer Charlie Stemp would take over as Arthur Kipps alongside Devon-Elise Johnson as Ann Pornick, Ian Bartholomew as Chitterlow, Emma Williams as Helen Walsingham and Vivien Parry as Mrs Walsingham. The production is directed by Rachel Kavanaugh, designed by Paul Brown, choreographed by Andrew Wright, orchestrations by William David Brohn, lighting by Paule Constable, sound by Mick Potter and video design by Luke Halls.

Following rave reviews in Chichester, the production transferred to the West End in London at the Noël Coward Theatre with previews beginning 29 October and press night on 17 November 2016. It featured the original Chichester cast and ran for ten months in the West End following three extensions to its limited run. Combined with the Chichester run, the production played around 400 performances.

Yorkshire Amateur Premiere
The Yorkshire amateur premiere production of 'Kipps: The New Half a Sixpence Musical' was staged at St George's Hall, Bradford by Buttershaw St Pauls AODS January 22nd - 25th 2020.

The production starred Nathan Hall as Arthur Kipps, Sophie Holdsworth as Helen, Katie Mae Ramsey as Ann and Phil Jowett as Chitterlow.

Following rave reviews, an hour version of the show will be staged at the 2020 NODA Gala Weekend at the start of April at the Bridlington Spa Theatre.

Irish Amateur Premiere
The Irish Amateur Premiere of Half a Sixpence (licensed as Kipps - The New Half A Sixpence Musical), was produced by Galway University Musical Society (GUMS) and ran from the 4th-8th of February 2020 in the Black Box Theatre Galway.

Characters and cast

Musical numbers

 Act I
 "Half a Sixpence" - Arthur Kipps and Ann Pornick
 "Look Alive" - Company
 "Money to Burn" - Arthur Kipps, Mr Shalford, Sid Pornick, Buggins, Pierce and Flo
 "Believe in Yourself" - Arthur Kipps and Helen Walsingham
 "She's Too Far Above Me" - Arthur Kipps
 "Money to Burn" (Reprise) - Arthur Kipps and Chitterlow
 "A Proper Gentleman" - Arthur Kipps, Sid Pornick, Buggins, Pearce and Flo
 "Half a Sixpence" (Reprise) - Arthur Kipps and Ann Pornick
 "Long Ago" - Ann Pornick
 "The Joy of the Theatre" - Chitterlow and Company
 "Just a Few Little Things" - Helen Walsingham and Arthur Kipps
 "A Little Touch of Happiness" - Ann Pornick and Flo
 "If The Rain's Got to Fall" - Mrs Walsingham, Arthur Kipps, Foster, Helen Walsingham, Lady Punnet and Company

 Act II
 "The One That's Run Away" - Chitterlow & Arthur Kipps
 "Pick Out a Simple Tune" - Arthur Kipps and Ann Pornick
 "You Never Get Anything Right / I Know Who I Am" - Arthur Kipps and Ann Pornick
 "We'll Build a Palace / I Only Want a Little House" - Arthur Kipps, Helen Walsingham, Mrs Walsingham, James Walsingham
 "In the Middle There's Me" - Arthur Kipps, Buggins, Sid Pornick and Pierce
 "Long Ago" (Reprise) - Arthur Kipps and Ann Pornick
 "Flash Bang Wallop" - Arthur Kipps, Ann Pornick, Mr. Shalford, Pearce, Sid Pornick, Buggins, Flo, Photographer and Company
 "Flash Bang Wallop" (Reprise)- Chitterlow, Arthur Kipps, Ann Pornick, Mr. Shalford, Pearce, Sid Pornick, Buggins, Flo, Photographer and Company
 "Finale" - Company

Cast Recording
On Friday 18 November 2016, the 2016 London Cast Recording was released by First Night Records on CD and iTunes digital download. It features 23 tracks and was recorded live during the final three performances in the Chichester run.

Awards and nominations

London Production

References

External links

Category:Musicals based on novels
Category:2016 musicals
Category:West End musicals
Category:British musicals
Category:Adaptations of works by H. G. Wells


Mesotype verberata

Mesotype verberata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica.

Description
The wingspan is 24–32 mm. Background color of the wings is whitish. Upperside of the forewings shows three to five, thin, gray-brown, wavy lines. The hindwings are whitish and show one or two indistinct transverse lines. At the base of all wings there are small black dots.

Biology
Adults are on wing mainly in June, July and August. They feed on the nectar of a number of flowers, including those of Solidago virgaurea, Aconitum napellus and Campanula rotundifolia.

The larvae feed on various plants, including Meum athamanticum and Prenanthes purpurea. They can be found from April to June. The species overwinters as an egg.

Distribution
This species can be found mainly in the mountainous regions of Central Europe, from Spain through the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula to Western Asia.

References

External links

Lepiforum e.V.

Category:Moths described in 1763
Category:Perizomini
Category:Moths of Europe
Category:Insects of Europe
Category:Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli


Cypa ferruginea

Cypa ferruginea is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Sri Lanka.

It is similar to Cypa decolor but the distal margin of the forewing is somewhat convex medially. Forewings are uniform red brown. Hindwings with the cilia white towards anal angle, which is less produced in the female than in the male.

References

External links
 Specimen of Cypa ferriginea

Category:Cypa
Category:Moths described in 1865


Austin-Emile Burke

Austin-Emile Burke (January 22, 1922 – August 12, 2011) was a Canadian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Austin-Emile Burke was born in Sluice Point, Nova Scotia, and ordained a priest on March 25, 1950.  Burke was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Yarmouth on February 1, 1968, and consecrated on May 14, 1968. Burke was appointed archbishop of the Archdiocese of Halifax on July 8, 1991, and installed September 19, 1991. Burke retired on January 13, 1998.

See also
Archdiocese of Halifax
Diocese of Yarmouth

External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
Halifax Archdiocese
Diocese of Yarmouth

Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops
Category:21st-century Roman Catholic bishops
Category:Canadian Roman Catholic priests
Category:1922 births
Category:2011 deaths


Signe Toly Anderson

Signe Toly Anderson ( ; September 15, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American singer who was one of the founding members of the American rock band Jefferson Airplane.

Early life
Anderson was born Signe Toly in Seattle, Washington, on September 15, 1941. At age three, her parents divorced, and she relocated with her mother to Portland, Oregon, where she was raised. Anderson sang in a band with three male musicians whom she had known in high school under the name Three Guys and a Gal. The group performed at a campaign event for John F. Kennedy in November 1959.

Jefferson Airplane
Anderson was a locally known and well-respected jazz and folk singer in San Francisco, where Marty Balin heard her perform and invited her to join his band, soon named "Jefferson Airplane".

Soon after joining the Airplane, she married one of the Merry Pranksters, Jerry Anderson, a marriage that lasted from 1965 to 1974. She sang on the first Jefferson Airplane album, Jefferson Airplane Takes Off, most notably on the song "Chauffeur Blues". Anderson distrusted the Airplane's original manager, Matthew Katz, and refused to sign a contract with him until he inserted a special escape clause freeing her from him if she left the band for any reason.

In July 1966, Anderson informed Bill Graham that she was quitting the band after a series of shows they were playing in Chicago, realizing that bringing her newborn child, with then-husband Jerry Anderson, on the road was not feasible. Graham, however, asked her to stay with the band through the October shows at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, to which she agreed. This gave the band time to search for her replacement, eventually choosing Grace Slick after Sherry Snow declined their offer. Allegedly there were other factors, such as the hostility of other band members towards her husband.

Anderson's last live performances with Jefferson Airplane were two sets on October 15, 1966 at The Fillmore. Both performances were recorded (as were most Fillmore shows) and have surfaced on some bootleg albums. At what seemed to be the end of the second set, Marty Balin announced that Anderson was leaving the group. Her farewell to the audience was: "I want you all to wear smiles and daisies and box balloons. I love you all. Thank you and goodbye." At several fans' request, Anderson and the band performed her signature number, "Chauffeur Blues".  They finished the night with "High Flying Bird". In August 2010, Collector's Choice music in cooperation with Sony released this show as Live at The Fillmore Auditorium 10/15/66: Late Show – Signe's Farewell.

Later life
After leaving the Airplane, Anderson returned to Oregon where she sang for nine years with a ten-piece band, Carl Smith and the Natural Gas Company. In the mid 1970s she recovered from cancer. In 1977 she married local building contractor Michael Alois Ettlin, and continued to sing with Carl Smith.

In the mid 1990s, Anderson suffered further serious health problems, including a broken neck and bypass surgery, which led to serious financial problems for her family. She made guest appearances with the KBC Band and Jefferson Starship. Anderson's husband, Michael Alois Ettlin, died at the age of 62, on February 21, 2011.

Death
Anderson died at her home in Beaverton, Oregon at the age of 74 on January 28, 2016, from the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). She died on the same day as Airplane co-founder Paul Kantner, also aged 74.

Her former bandmate Jorma Kaukonen wrote a public tribute honoring her, saying: "Signe was one of the strongest people I have ever met. She was our den mother in the early days of the Airplane… a voice of reason on more occasions than one… an important member of our dysfunctional little family. I always looked forward to seeing her when we played the Aladdin in Portland. She never complained and was always a joy."

References

External links
 Anderson's biography of the Jefferson Airplane website

Category:1941 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:American female rock singers
Category:Disease-related deaths in Oregon
Category:Jefferson Airplane members
Category:Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Category:20th-century American singers
Category:Deaths from emphysema
Category:Deaths from lung disease
Category:20th-century American women singers


Bera Lake

Bera Lake (Malay: Tasik Bera; Chinese: 百乐湖) is a natural freshwater lake system, located in southwest Pahang, Malaysia in the saddle of the main and eastern mountain ranges of Peninsular Malaysia, extending 35 km long and 20 km wide, drainings into the Pahang River. It lends its name to the Bera district and parliamentary constituency.

As the largest freshwater swamp in Peninsular Malaysia, Tasik Bera or Bera Lake remains both a unique and remote wetland wilderness. Surrounded by a patchwork of dry lowland dipterocarp forests, the lake environment includes islands of peat swamp forests. Rich in wildlife and vegetation, the ecosystem which supports a diversity of animal and plant life, and sustains the livelihood of the Semelai branch of the Orang Asli people inhabiting the wetlands.

It has been protected under the Ramsar Convention since November 1994, which allows traditional use of the area to continue. The core zone consists of 260 km² and the buffer zone of 275 km².

References

Category:Lakes of Malaysia
Category:Ramsar sites in Malaysia
Category:Landforms of Pahang
Category:Nature sites of Malaysia