Paul Santo

Paul Santo is an American Musician, Songwriter, Record Producer and Sound Recording Engineer, best known in the music industry for his work in the recording studio collaborating with "multi-platinum" recording artists like: Aerosmith, Eric Clapton, Kid Rock, David Gilmour of Pink Floyd, Ringo Starr and Ozzy Osbourne .

His work has also earned him several Grammy Award nominations.

In 2003, he won a Grammy® Award for his work as a sound engineer and musician, on the album "Soy," with Latin singer Alejandra Guzmán.

He also has a private consulting practice that mentors select individuals interested in pursuing a career in the music business as artists, music recording and production professionals, or session musicians.

His career in the music industry spans over several decades dating back to when he was just a teenager starting out and running his own recording studio in the town of Weymouth, Mass. It was there, on Boston's South Shore, where he eventually crossed paths with another well-known musician from the area, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith. The two hit it off and immediately formed long time relationship that was both from a personal and professional place. Santo, eventually started working with the band. First, as Steven Tyler and Joe Perry's personal sound engineer, and eventually, with the entire band. He is credited on several of the band's studio albums, both as a sound engineer and contributing musician.

During that time, he became known as one of the “Boneyard Boys” which is the small “tight knit” group of producers and collaborators who are behind Aerosmith's "creative process" when they are in studio, recording albums.

His work on those recordings eventually got him recognized in the music world and led to his working with other artists and producers in studios from Los Angeles to London.

His music career spans over several decades and is pan-optic of a full range of musical styles and genres, from rock and rhythm and blues to hip hop and country.

Santo played guitar with Aerosmith during their "Boston Strong" concert at TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, filling in for member Brad Whitford who was unable to make the show due to a family situation.

He also appeared on the recording of "Tears in Heaven". An "All-Star" benefit song for the victims of the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, organized by Ozzy Osbourne and his family along with Mark Hudson.

Musical collaboration
During his time in the music industry, Santo has worked (written, recorded, and/or performed) and continues to work, with a wide variety of musically diverse recording artists ranging from Ozzy Osbourne, to Michael Bolton, Alejandra Guzmán to Jonny Lang, as well as, Eric Carmen, Cheap Trick, Neko Case, Steve Smith, Bon Jovi, LeAnn Rimes, Santana, and the Backstreet Boys.

He has also worked “side by side” in the studio with such acclaimed music producers as: Desmond Child (nominated to the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008), Jack Douglas (Best known for working with The Who and John Lennon), and also, Grammy Award-winning record producer, songwriter, and musician Mark Hudson. Mark Hudson, along with Santo, is also a member of the infamous "Boneyard Boys", the small group of songwriters, musicians, and music producers responsible for the rock band Aerosmith's creative process.

Paul has also appeared on the Ozzy Osbourne album Under Cover(guitar), Ringo Starr's Ringo Rama (audio engineer, Pro Tools, guitar & keyboards) and Michael Bolton's Only a Woman Like You (Bass guitar, guitars, audio engineer, and Pro Tools) and many others as a musician, audio engineer, or both.

Santo has been nominated for several Grammy awards over the years for his work as a sound recording engineer and studio musician. Including, a nomination for “Best Rock Album” with Aerosmith for the album:  Just Push Play, which debuted at #2  on the Billboard 200.
and became certified platinum within a month of its release.

He also received another nomination that year for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for his work on "Jaded". which was a major Top 10 hit in the United States and around the world.

In 2009, he won a Latin Grammy Award for his collaboration with  Alejandra Guzmán on her ninth studio album titled Soy. It was also the first Latin Grammy for the singer/songwriter, also known as the “Bad Girl of Latin Pop” in her 30-year career.

Other notable awards include a TEC Award from the Naam Foundation for his work as an sound engineer for Sony Music.

The TEC Awards, often referred to as the "Oscars" of the pro audio and sound recording industry, includes such creative luminaries as Les Paul, Quincy Jones, Pete Townshend, and Stevie Wonder, as well as many other notable artists, who are acknowledged for their historical and influential contributions to the music world.

With Aerosmith
The musical group that Santo has been most associated over the years is Aerosmith. His connection with the band dates back many years, to when he first met Steven Tyler, who like Santo, was also from the Boston area. They quickly formed a friendship and that eventually led to Paul working a longtime gig as the personal sound engineer for both Steven Tyler and Joe Perry. He also held the title of "house" sound engineer at the Pandora's Box recording studio.

As his relationships with the band members grew, so did his involvement on a professional level.

When the band went into the studio to record the albums: Just Push Play, Honkin' on Bobo, and Music from Another Dimension! for the Geffen Records label, he was brought in as a member of creative and production teams, working on various aspects of the process from sound engineer to session musician.

His work also earned him a spot as a member of the “Boneyard Boys”. A “tongue in cheek” name for the small group of collaborators behind the band's creative process which is in reference to Joe Perry's “state of art” home recording studio, aptly named the “Boneyard,” where the majority of the recording process took place. Other members of the group includes famed music producer Jack Douglas and Grammy Award-winning producer, Mark Hudson.

Most recently, in 2018, Santo was back in the studio with Steven Tyler.

This time, working with the lead singer on his first collection of solo music. He was responsible for the entire musical score, recording all of the background music, and even performing on the accompanying movie documentary, "Out on a Limb", which chronicles Tyler and the making of his new music.

{{quote box
| width = 95em
| title_bg = BlanchedAlmond
| title_fnt = SaddleBrown
| bgcolor = Cornsilk
| align = center
| title = Tom Hamilton of Aerosmith
| quote =

We actually have this guy, who's our pre-production assistant... A friend of ours named: Paul Santo.

He's such a brilliant musician... One of those kids that just got that "bolt of lightning..." You know, great on drums, great on guitar, great on piano... He's also the one who knows all about ProTools.
He has helped me and Joey (Kramer) with preparing our bass and drum parts... During the writing process: Steven [Tyler], Joe [Perry], Marty Fredrickson and Mark Hudson would be recording, as they wrote, and these cool little demos would come out... Then, they would send them around to the rest of us. So we could prepare our take on it. It was great.
Paul would come over and run the ProTools and help me record what I was practicing. So, I could hear what I was doing right, and doing wrong. He was not only able to run the ProTools for me, he would also give me suggestions that were essentially shortcuts to getting it all good.
I think it's important to find a mentor, a teacher, or a Guru (whatever you want to refer to that person as.) They're not necessarily teaching you stuff you couldn't learn on your own... But, they shorten the process. Pointing things out that you might not see for six months or even six years. I recommend that to anyone playing an instrument, find someone who's a guru, like Paul is to us...I'm stopping just short of saying "take lessons,"here. I think a lot of teachers try to force you into a certain way of doing things, that you don't want to do – teachers sometimes do that.

You want someone that looks at what you do, sees that you have the potential to go in the right direction, and then show you how to find it, yourself.--Christopher Buttner--

interview for GlobalBass.com
}}

 With Joe Perry
Santo's also a member of Joe Perry's solo band The Joe Perry Project playing rhythm guitar and keyboards. In 2009, he was back in the studio as audio engineer with Joe Perry working on Perry's 5th solo album Have Guitar, Will Travel, after plans to record Aerosmith's fifteenth studio album with producer Brendan O'Brien fell apart. The album was on Perry's label "Roman Records" and includes fellow Joe Perry Project members David Hull (bass) and Marty Richards on (drums). Santo is credited with playing Hammond organ, pipe organ, and percussion on the record. There was one new addition to the group, a young and relatively unknown German vocalist, named Hagan Grohe. He was discovered on YouTube by Joe Perry's wife, Billie and sings on four of the album's tracks.

The same group of musicians went on the road with the Perry on the Have Guitar, Will Travel Tour, The band opened up for national acts like Bad Company and Mötley Crüe, while also making an appearance as the musical guest on Late Night with David Letterman, performing "Slingshot" from the album with Santo stepping out from behind the keyboards to play guitar and Perry singing the lead vocals.
At the beginning of 2012, Santo (Hammond organ), along with Aerosmith guitarist Brad Whitford (Brass Synth Guitar), Warren Huart (Acoustic guitar), Jack Douglas (Drums), and Joe Perry (Electric and Slide Guitars, Bass, Vocal) recorded a "very cool" rendition" of the Bob Dylan classic "Man of Peace" for Chimes of Freedom in honor of Amnesty International USA.

They also performed the song on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno with Santo once again playing guitar with Perry.

 With Ringo Starr
When former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr returned to the studio to begin work on his latest album Ringo Rama he brought back his longtime friend and producer, Mark Hudson. Who, in turn, brought in Paul Santo, who he had worked with previously on an Aerosmith album, as part of the production team.

This would be Ringo Starr's 13th studio album, and as is always the case with the former “Beatle,” he proved that he still had his "star power" in the music industry and brought in some of legendary names in music for the recording.

Musicians like David Gilmour, Eric Clapton, Willie Nelson, and Charlie Haden are just a few of the artists that stopped by.

Santo, working as the sound engineer, split time between recording at Starr's recording studio in London, Rocca Bella, and Hudson's Whatinthewhatthe? Studios in Los Angeles.

The sessions were produced by Starr, who also made a documentary of the making of “Ringo Rama”.

Santo, being an accomplished musician, also played multiple instruments on the album and co-wrote the song "I Think Therefore I Rock and Roll".

 "Tears in Heaven"
Following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami that devastated Southeast Asia, Paul Santo joined an all-star cast of musicians the included: Elton John, Rod Stewart, Steven Tyler, Ozzy Osbourne, Phil Collins, Ringo Starr, Gavin Rossdale, Gwen Stefani, Mary J. Blige, Pink, Kelly Osbourne, Katie Melua, Josh Groban, Andrea Bocelli and members of Velvet Revolver: Slash, Duff McKagan, Matt Sorum, Dave Kushner and Scott Weiland. The recording also featured actor Robert Downey Jr.to perform on a cover version of the Eric Clapton song "Tears in Heaven".

The collaboration was organized by Mark Hudson, Ozzy Osbourne, his wife Sharon, and daughter Kelly Osbourne for the Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake with all sales from the recording going to benefit the victims and recovery.  Funds raised from the project went to the Save the Children charity.

 "Boston Strong"
In response to the tragic Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013, a line-up of high-profile acts, with roots in the Boston area, performed to a sold-out crowd at the TD Garden for a “Boston Strong” benefit concert for the victims of the attack.

Aerosmith, headlined the show, which also featured local groups like the New Kids on the Block (Donnie Wahlberg was actually the one credited with concert idea.), The J. Geils band, featuring Peter Wolf, Jimmy Buffett and James Taylor, along with many others.

Aerosmith, which formed in the city back in 1970, has always been synonymous with the Boston throughout their entire career. Even being famously called the "Bad Boys from Boston" during their heyday. Members of the band raised their families in the area and still own homes in the suburbs of Boston.

Due to the urgent need, scheduling, and nature of the show, the promoters behind the concert had only a matter days to put the event together. (It also sold out all 19,600 seats in about 5 minutes.) Unfortunately, due to a family member undergoing a major surgery, Aerosmith guitarist Brad Whitford was unable to perform with the band at the event.

On very short notice and without any time for rehearsal, Paul Santo, who lives in the Boston area, stepped in with Aerosmith (who had just returned from a show in Singapore the day before) and took Whitford's place on stage with the rest of band.

The concert was considered a great success for the "One fund." Which was established almost immediately after the tragic event and before the concert had already raised $27 million for the victims.

 Composer for TV and film

Steven Tyler documentary Out on a Limb: Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
History channel American Pickers (TV series): Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
Lifetime The March Sisters at Christmas (TV movie): Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
National Geographic Fool's Gold (TV show): Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
Discovery Channel Extreme Engineering (TV program): Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
PBS Nova (TV program) "Making Stuff": Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
Telemundo  The Nate Berkus Show and "Mi Corazon Insiste" : Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction
Animal Planet: Must Love Cats'' : Composer, performer, Sound recording and reproduction

Influences
Santo's earliest musical influence was The Beatles, and though Frank Zappa and The Who loomed largest in his DNA later, he was influenced by far many and varied sources. His guitar style, while diverse, tends to be rooted in an amalgam of both English blues-rock players from the 1960s and 1970s and Fender Telecaster-playing American country players. Drumming is also rooted in Brits like Ringo Starr and Keith Moon but also American soul and funk drummers.

References

External links

Aerosmith – Boston Strong Concert
Grammy Award Winning Artist Paul Santo Visits Music Students 2017
Paul Santo- Radio Interview

Category:American rock musicians
Category:American audio engineers
Category:American rock songwriters
Category:Living people
Category:Record producers from Massachusetts
Category:Musical groups from Boston
Category:People from Weymouth, Massachusetts
Category:People from Marshfield, Massachusetts
Category:Aerosmith
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Hans Brausewetter

Hans Brausewetter (27 May 1899 – 29 April 1945) was a German stage and film actor of the silent era. He appeared in 135 films between 1922 and 1945. He appeared in the 1923 film The Treasure, which was directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst. He was killed by a bomb blast in Berlin during the final days of the Second World War.

Selected filmography

 Lumpaci the Vagabond (1922)
 The Game with Women (1922)
 The Marquis of Bolibar (1922)
 The Merchant of Venice (1923)
 The Treasure (1923)
 The Weather Station (1923)
 A Glass of Water (1923)
 Tragedy in the House of Habsburg (1924)
 The Sailor Perugino (1924)
 The Voice of the Heart (1924)
 Leap Into Life (1924)
 Debit and Credit (1924)
 The Girl on the Road (1925)
 Den of Iniquity (1925)
 The Dice Game of Life (1925)
 Goetz von Berlichingen of the Iron Hand (1925)
 The Elegant Bunch (1925)
 A Waltz Dream (1925)
 Flight Around the World (1925)
 The Clever Fox (1926)
 Superfluous People (1926)
 The Three Mannequins (1926)
 Vienna, How it Cries and Laughs (1926)
 The Adventurers (1926)
 We Belong to the Imperial-Royal Infantry Regiment (1926)
 Svengali (1927)
 Rhenish Girls and Rhenish Wine (1927)
 A Girl of the People (1927)
 Verdun: Visions of History (1928)
 The Green Alley (1928)
 The House Without Men (1928)
 Today I Was With Frieda (1928)
 The Harbour Baron (1928)
 It Attracted Three Fellows (1928)
 Dear Homeland (1929)
 The Lord of the Tax Office (1929)
 The Flute Concert of Sanssouci (1930)
 A Student's Song of Heidelberg (1930)
 The Little Escapade (1931)
 I Go Out and You Stay Here (1931)
 The Big Attraction (1931)
 Alarm at Midnight (1931)
 Checkmate (1931)
 The Spanish Fly (1931)
 Inquest (1931)
 Madame Makes Her Exit (1932)
 The Dancer of Sanssouci (1932)
 Gypsies of the Night (1932)
 The Victor (1932)
 Man Without a Name (1932)
 Modern Dowry (1932)
 The Eleven Schill Officers (1932)
 The Marathon Runner (1933)
 Gretel Wins First Prize (1933)
 The Four Musketeers (1934)
 The Girlfriend of a Big Man (1934)
 Fresh Wind from Canada (1935)
 Artist Love (1935)
 Uncle Bräsig (1936)
 The Abduction of the Sabine Women (1936)
 The Dreamer (1936)
 Susanne in the Bath (1936)
 Diamonds (1937)
 Faded Melody (1938)
 Between the Parents (1938)
 Bachelor's Paradise (1939)
 A Woman Like You (1939)
 Midsummer Night's Fire (1939)
 Renate in the Quartet (1939)
 Venus on Trial (1941)
 Love Me (1942)
 Back Then (1943)
 Münchhausen (1943)
 Heaven, We Inherit a Castle  (1943)
 The Green Salon (1944)
 The Enchanted Day (1944)
 Love Letters (1944)
 Die Fledermaus (1946, posthumous release)
 Tell the Truth (1946, posthumous release)
 An Everyday Story (1948, posthumous release)

References

External links

 Hans Brausewetter at Virtual History

Category:1899 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:20th-century German male actors
Category:German male stage actors
Category:German male film actors
Category:German male silent film actors
Category:German expatriates in Spain
Category:People from Málaga
Category:German civilians killed in World War II


HBO Latin America Group

HBO Latin America is a company which owns several pay television networks in the region of Latin America. It was originally founded as a joint venture between Time Warner and Ole Communications, but as of 2019 it is fully owned by WarnerMedia.

In October 2019, WarnerMedia announced an agreement with Ole to acquire the latter's minority interest in the Spanish-language HBO, Max, and Cinemax channels in Latin America, in order to facilitate the future launch of the HBO Max streaming service in the region. HBO Brasil, and the companies' distribution partnership for Warner Channel and channels owned by other companies, are not affected at this time.

Operating channels

HBO Latin America Group owns and operates these channels, which will be acquired by WarnerMedia: (most of those are simulcast in HD):
 HBO Latin America (formerly known as HBO Ole)
 HBO 2
 HBO+ (formerly known as HBO Ole 2 and HBO Plus)
 HBO Family
 HBO Signature
 HBO Mundi (formerly known as Max)
 HBO Pop (formerly known as Max Up)
 HBO Xtreme (formerly known as Max Prime)
 Cinemax Latin America (Since 2009 as an ad-supported basic cable network)

HBO Brasil (Brazil) is operated by HBO Brasil Partners, a separate partnership between WarnerMedia and Ole.

Distributed channels

WarnerMedia distributes the following channels:

Owned by A+E Networks Latin America (owned by A+E Networks and Ole Communications):
 History Latin America
 H2 Latin America (started in July 2014 to replace the Bio.)
 A&E Latin America
 Lifetime Latin America (started in June 2014 to replace Sony Spin)

NBCUniversal International Networks Latin America:
 E! Latin America (owned by Comcast/NBCUniversal and Ole Communications)
 Telemundo Internacional (owned by Comcast/NBCUniversal and Ole Communications)
 Universal TV (except in Brazil, where the channel is operated by a 50/50 joint venture between NBCU and Globosat and distributed by Globosat)
 Studio Universal (except in Brazil, where the channel is operated by a 50/50 joint venture between NBCU and Globosat and distributed by Globosat)
 Syfy (except in Brazil, where the channel is operated by a 50/50 joint venture between NBCU and Globosat and distributed by Globosat)

Sony Pictures Entertainment:
 Sony Channel
 AXN

Warner Bros. Entertainment (operated by WarnerMedia Entertainment):
 Warner

OLE Communications
 IVC Network

Defunct channels

 Animax
 Bio.
 Locomotion
 Sony Spin
 Hallmark Channel
 TV Quality
 Tele Uno
 Mundo Olé
 A&E Mundo
 USA Network
 Calle 13
 Sci-Fi
 Movietime
 CBS Telenoticias
 HBO Family *e
 HBO HD

See also

Turner Broadcasting System
Time Warner

References

External links
Official Website

Category:HBO
Category:Latin American cable television networks
Category:Warner Bros.


Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway

Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway is a song written and composed by Stephen Foster in 1850. This song is written in the style of a parlor ballad – a genre of popular song at the time intended to be performed at a slow tempo and to communicate a sentimental quality.

Description
Stephen Foster's "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway!" is different from Foster's minstrel songs of the same period. This song is an example of a parlor ballad. This ballad may have roots in the Anglo-Scots-Irish song tradition. Foster's "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway!" is similar to Irish musician Thomas Moore's "The Last Rose of Summer".

The song begins with a piano introduction. The first vocal line of "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway!" begins on a high note that is held with a fermata. Music historians have postulated that this may give the setting an image of stalling the passage of time. Foster has placed additional fermatas throughout the song, possibly with similar effects in mind. Also of interest is Foster's use of the marking ad lib in several places in the song. This flexibility allotted to the singer is atypical from Foster's usual preference of precise, literally exact note for note, interpretations. Thus, the ad lib designation was scarcely used by Foster and can, in fact, be found in only two of the composer's previous songs: "Mary Loves the Flowers" (1850) and "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" (1854).

Foster may have anticipated that the publication of his parlor songs helped to improve his notoriety, but the ballads did not generate the hoped-for income when compared to his minstrel songs. Foster recorded that "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway!" had earned $8.12 in royalties over a seven-year period in his ledger. As a result, Foster concentrated more on minstrel songs, which returned ten times more than parlor songs. Foster did return to writing parlor songs in 1860, most notably "Beautiful Dreamer," published in 1864 just after the composer's death.

Lyrics
Ah! may the red rose live alway,
To smile upon earth and sky!
Why should the beautiful ever weep?
Why should the beautiful die?
Lending a charm to every ray
That falls on her cheeks of light,
Giving the zephyr kiss for kiss,
And nursing the dew-drop bright --
Ah! may the red rose live alway,
To smile upon earth and sky!
Why should the beautiful ever weep?
Why should the beautiful die?

Long may the daisies dance the field,
Frolicking far and near!
Why should the innocent hide their heads?
Why should the innocent fear?
Spreading their petals in mute delight
When morn in its radiance breaks,
Keeping a floral festival
Till the night-loving primrose wakes --
Spreading their petals in mute delight
When morn in its radiance breaks,
Keeping a floral festival
Till the night-loving primrose wakes.

''Lulled be the dirge in the cypress bough,
That tells of departed flowers!
Ah! that the butterfly's gilded wing
Fluttered in evergreen bowers!
Sad is my heart for the blighted plants --
Its pleasures are aye as brief --
They bloom at the young year's joyful call,
And fade with the autumn leaf:
Ah! may the red rose live alway,
To smile upon earth and sky!
Why should the beautiful ever weep?
Why should the beautiful die?

Notable Performances
A popular rendition of this piece was performed by Thomas Hampson(Tenor), Jay Ungar(Violin), and David Alpher(Pianoforte) in their album " Ashokan Farewell, Beautiful Dreamer Songs Of Stephen Foster".

Archived content
Archived copies of the published work is available.

See also
"My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose" – a Scots song by Robert Burns
"The Last Rose of Summer" – Irish poem and song by Thomas Moore

References

Category:1850 songs
Category:American folk songs
Category:Songs written by Stephen Foster


Valentina Meredova

Valentina Meredova (née Nazarova; born 29 September 1984) is a Turkmenistan sprinter. She represented Turkmenistan at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; she competed in the 100 metres and placed sixth in her heat in 11.94 without advancing to the second round. She competed in the IAAF World Championships in 2005, 2007 and 2015, never advancing beyond the heats.

Competition record

Personal bests
Outdoor
100 metres – 11.56 (+1.7 m/s, Almaty 2008)
200 metres – 23.77 (+2.0 m/s, Almaty 2008)
Indoor
60 metres – 7.64 (Doha 2016)

References

External links

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Ashgabat
Category:Turkmenistan female sprinters
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
Category:Olympic athletes of Turkmenistan
Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Turkmenistan
Category:Asian Games competitors for Turkmenistan


Fathabad, Pishva

Fathabad (, also Romanized as Fatḩābād) is a village in Pishva Rural District, in the Central District of Pishva County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 7 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Pishva County


Back in Town

Back in Town may refer to:

 Back in Town (George Carlin album), 1996
 Back in Town (Matt Dusk album), 2006
 Back in Town (Mel Tormé album), 1959
 Back in Town (The Kingston Trio album), 1964


James Hope (footballer)

James William Hope was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward for Sunderland.

References

Category:People from County Durham (district)
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football inside forwards
Category:Kelloe F.C. players
Category:Southmoors Violet F.C. players
Category:Birtley F.C. players
Category:West Stanley F.C. players
Category:Sunderland A.F.C. players
Category:Horden Colliery Welfare A.F.C. players
Category:Horden Athletic F.C. players
Category:English Football League players


Non-commercial activity

A non-commercial (also spelled noncommercial) activity is an activity that does not, in some sense, involve commerce, at least relative to similar activities that do have a commercial objective or emphasis. For example, advertising-free community radio stations are typically nonprofit organizations staffed by individuals volunteering their efforts to air a wide variety of radio programming, and do not run explicit radio advertisements, included in the United States specific grouping of "non-commercial educational" (NCE) public radio stations. Some Creative Commons licenses include a "non-commercial" option, which has been controversial in definition.

References

Category:Business terms


Wednesday Food Talk

Wednesday Food Talk () is a South Korean Food-Talk show distributed by O'live every Wednesday at 20:50 pm.

Airtime

Panelist

 Jun Hyun-moo (EP 1 - 224)
 Shin Dong-yup (EP 14 - 224)
 Park Chan Il (EP 188 - 224)
 Ha Seok-jin (EP 204 - 224)
 Kim So-eun (EP 204 - 224)
 Min Jung (EP 204 - 224)
 Shin A-young (EP 188 - 203)
 Song Jung Rim (EP 188 - 203)
 Park Junwoo (EP 188 - 203)
 Lee Hyun-woo (EP 14 - 187)
 Hong Shin Ae (EP 1 - 187)
 Hwang Gyo-ik (EP 1 - 187)
 Kang Yong-suk (EP 1 - 27)
 Kim Hee-chul (EP 1 - 13)
 Kim Yu-seok (EP 1 - 13)
 Park Yong-in (EP 1 - 13)

References

Category:2015 South Korean television series debuts
Category:Korean-language television programs
Category:South Korean variety television programmes


Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913

The Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 (29 July 1913) was an agreement between the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which defined the limits of Ottoman jurisdiction in the area of the Persian Gulf with respect to Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the Shatt al-‘Arab. Signed, but never ratified, the long-lasting impact of the agreement was that of the status of Kuwait; the basis for both formal independence and the frontiers of modern Kuwait were established.

Background
Informal negotiations began on 29 July 1911 in a British memorandum sent to the Ottoman Government. By this time, it seemed likely that the terminus for the German funded and engineered Baghdad Railway would be situated in Kuwait.  Kuwait had been under Ottoman administration since 1871 and in 1875 was included in the Basra Vilayet, yet Ottoman rule was mainly nominal. Although the sheikhdom now fell under the Empire’s jurisdiction, no Ottoman official was stationed in Kuwait. Influence over Kuwait was crucial to British foreign policy in the Persian Gulf with regard to commerce and strategic interests concerning India.

To the British, further extension of the railway line meant further expansion of Ottoman influence, and the current administration—already emboldened by the “Young Turk” regime—desired to reestablish effective control over its empire south of Kuwait. Even worse was the possible encroachment of other European powers. In the proposed memorandum, the British therefore sought to regularize the 1901 Status Quo agreement, with the added refinement of a clear definition of Kuwait’s boundaries  to Britain’s advantage.

Although at times deadlocked, negotiations communicated via memorandums continued on a quid pro quo basis in which the British had the advantage; if the Ottomans were to accept Kuwait’s autonomous status and proposed boundaries, the British would have to accept Ottoman suzerainty, and in return, the northern islands of Warba and Bubiyan must be allocated to Kuwait, and so forth.  The waning influence of Istanbul in the Gulf forced it to make concessions without much to gain in return. The Ottoman Empire had faced a number of setbacks in the last few decades—a few of its provinces achieved independence, some were annexed by other countries, or many lost in conflict—and for internal political reasons it may have seemed important to maintain Kuwait as part of the empire, even if only symbolically. The Ottomans also felt that making this agreement would ensure British support on other more pressing issues, such as dealing with invasion by other European powers and conflicts in other parts of the Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, British pressures led the Ottomans to abandon the proposed extension of the railway line to Kuwait and instead opt for a Basra terminus. Plans for a Basra terminus created a new series of demands on behalf of the British, including the Ottoman renunciation of Qatar, and delineating its role in the wider Persian Gulf waters. Britain had wanted to conclude agreements with Sheikh of Qatar Jasim al-Thani about illicit arms traffic and maritime peace, and also sought to formally establish its dominance in the Gulf. By 6 May 1913 Britain and the Ottoman Empire initialed the compromise and the Anglo-Ottoman Convention was signed on 29 July 1913, exactly two years after the first memorandum.

Non-ratification
The Anglo-Ottoman Convention was only part of a wider bargaining process and the complexities of the competing European commercial interests in the region prevented its ratification. Russia, France, and Germany (and later Italy) also had been pressing the Ottoman government for railway concessions. Ratification was further complicated by the fact that most of the Powers themselves were engaged in bilateral negotiations with the Ottoman Empire, just as the British had done with this Convention. Also, attempts to obtain oil concessions from the Ottoman government added to the complexity of commercial arrangements. Finally, the Ottomans and British emerged as enemies within months of the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, as the outbreak of World War I diminished any hope left for ratification.

Terms

I. Kuwait
Section I of the convention comprised ten articles concerning the status of Kuwait, and its territorial boundaries. It included contradictory provisions in that the British acknowledged Kuwait as an autonomous provincial sub-district (kaza) of the Ottoman Empire within the drawn green-zone and pledged to not establish a protectorate, while the Ottoman Empire recognized the validity of agreements that had made Kuwait a British protectorate except by name and recognized Kuwait as an independent entity within the drawn red-zone.

According to the agreement, Kuwait constituted “an autonomous kaza of the Ottoman Empire,” thereby recognizing Sheikh Mubarak al-Sabah as ruler of Kuwait as well as kaymakam (Ottoman district governor) (Article 1).  Kuwait was listed as such because the Ottomans and British interpretations of “sovereignty” and “suzerainty” differed in their counter-drafts and so both terms were omitted in the final draft.

As it was an “autonomous” kaza, the Ottoman government agreed to refrain from interfering in the affairs of Kuwait, “including the question of succession, and from any administrative as well as any occupation or military act.” It also allowed for the use of the Ottoman flag with the option to inscribe the word “Kuwait” on it (Article 2).

The agreement also identified the territories of Kuwait as two different regions, demarcated in red and green on a map annexed to the convention.  The red line, as it is commonly referred to, demarcated the region in which the sheikh was to have “complete administrative autonomy.” This region was formed by “a semicircle with the town of Kuwayt in the center, the Khawr al-Zubayr at the northern extremity and al-Qurrayin at the southern extremity” (Article 5). This also included the surrounding islands of Warba and Bubiyan, which were major bargaining points for the British who viewed the Ottoman military posts on the islands as a threat.

The green line defined the region in which the Sheikh of Kuwait would exercise the administrative rights of an Ottoman kaymakam. The tribes situated in that area were “recognized within the dependence of the Shaykh of Kuwait,” and as kaymakam he was required to collect tribute (Article 6).  The importance of the green line is that it set out for the first time the basis for the established frontiers of modern Kuwait:

The demarcation line begins on the coast at the mouth of Khor al-Zubair in the northwest and crosses immediately south of Umm-Qasr, Safwan, and Jabla Sanam, in such a way as to leave to the vilayet of Basrah these locations and their wells; arriving at the al-Batin, it follows it toward the southwest until Hafr-al-Batin which it leaves on the same side as Kuwayt; from that point on the line in question goes southeast leaving to the wells of al-Safah, al-Garaa, al-Haba, al-Warbah, and Antaa, reaching the sea near Jabal Munifa (Article 7).

Another major provision, and one which the Ottomans required, was that of the British declaration that no protectorate would be established over Kuwait (Article 4). Yet, the Ottoman government recognized the validity of the Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899, and the 1900 and 1904 agreements in which Kuwait had undertaken not to engage in arms trade or allow another power to establish a post office, as well as land concessions made by the Sheikh to the British government (Article 3).

Smaller provisions were also added at the convention, which included the Sheikh’s right to his private property in the vilayet of Basra (Article 9) and extradition (Article 10).

II. Qatar & III. Bahrain
Section II and III constitute provisions for Qatar and Bahrain, respectively. Central to the negotiations was the status of Qatar and Bahrain, and the British pressured the Ottoman government that it should renounce its claims to both. If the Ottoman government retained sovereignty over Qatar and Bahrain that would enable it the right to still intervene in matters of the Gulf, of which the British desired to retain a monopoly.

The Ottomans were willing to drop all claims to Bahrain, in which they had never been able to maintain anything but a symbolic role, but not Qatar. As a question of sovereignty, the Ottomans argued that the empire had always exercised effective sovereignty over the peninsula and could not justify the abandonment of territory which it had never formally renounced. Yet under considerable pressure it renounced claims to both (Articles 11 & 13) and a blue line was established to define the territorial limits of Ottoman jurisdiction. This line separated the Ottoman sanjak of Najd from Qatar. The blue line began a few miles to the south of Zaknuniya (which was included in the sanjak), directly south up to the Rub' al-Khali (Article 11). The agreement did not mention that Zaknuniya would be part of the Najd sanjak in return for an Ottoman consideration of £ 1,000 paid to the Sheikh of Bahrain via the British government.

With regard to Bahrain, the Ottomans renounced all claims to it so long as the British declared no intention of annexing it (Article 13) and did not claim capitulation rights for subjects of the Sheikh of Bahrain (protected by the Britannic Majesty’s Consuls) living in the Ottoman Empire (Article 15).

IV. The Persian Gulf
The final step in ensuring its dominance over the Persian Gulf was formalizing British policing of the Gulf. Therefore, “for the Protection of its special interests…in the free water of the Persian Gulf and on the borders belonging to the independent Shaykhs from the south of al-Qatar up to the Indian Ocean,” the British were able to continue exercising, as in the past, the following measures (Article 16):
(a)	Soundings, lighting of lighthouses, placement of buoys, piloting
(b)	Maritime police
(c)	Quarantine measures

References

Sources
Anscombe, Frederick F. The Ottoman Gulf: the creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Kelly, J.B. Eastern Arabian Frontiers New York: Frederick A Praeger, 1964.
Kelly, J.B. Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in Eastern Arabia International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs) 34.4 (1958): 16-24.
Hurewitz, J.C., ed. The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics: A Documentary Record, 2nd edn. Vol. 1: European Expansion, 1535-1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975, pp.567-570.
Schofield, Richard. Kuwait and Iraq: Historical and Territorial Disputes. London: Chatham House, 1991.
Slot, B.J. Mubarak al-Sabah: Founder of Modern Kuwait 1896-1915. Arabian Publishing Ltd, 2005.

Further reading
Tallon, James N. "Allies and Adversaries: Anglo-Ottoman Boundary Negotiation in the Middle East, 1906–1914" in Justin Q. Olmsted Britain in the Islamic World Imperial and Post-Imperial Connections London: Palgrave, 2019, p.89-105.

Category:Bilateral treaties of the Ottoman Empire
Category:History of Kuwait
Category:1913 in Kuwait
Category:1913 in the United Kingdom
Category:Treaties concluded in 1913
Category:Iraq–United Kingdom relations
Category:1913 in the Ottoman Empire
Category:Ottoman period in Yemen
Category:1913 in British law
Category:Ottoman Empire–United Kingdom relations
Category:July 1913 events
Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
Category:Bilateral treaties of the United Kingdom


Megachile muansae

Megachile muansae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Friese in 1911.

References

muansae
Category:Insects described in 1911


Paul Robinson (footballer, born November 1978)

Paul Derrick Robinson (born 20 November 1978) is an English footballer who has had a career in league and non-league football. Robinson is a much-travelled player, having featured for over twenty teams in his career. Due to his frequent moving, he has only passed thirty league appearances for one club, during his time with Hartlepool United.

Club career

Darlington
Robinson was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear and began his career as a trainee with Darlington, making his debut, as a late substitute for Robbie Blake in a 4–1 win away to Runcorn in the FA Cup first round on 16 November 1996. His league debut came a week later, this time as a second-half substitute for Glenn Naylor in a 3–2 defeat away to Scunthorpe United. He played once more that season and was a regular substitute the following campaign.

Newcastle United
In March 1998, Robinson moved to Premier League side Newcastle United, along with teammate James Coppinger as part of a £500,000 deal. He made his Magpies debut on 7 August 1999, as a late substitute for Nolberto Solano in a 1–0 defeat at home to Aston Villa and made his first start in the 3–3 draw at home to Wimbledon later that month. His start in the next game was controversial. Boyhood Sunderland fan Robinson was selected by manager Ruud Gullit ahead of £22million strikeforce Alan Shearer and Duncan Ferguson in the infamous 2–1 home derby defeat against Sunderland. Robinson set up Newcastle's goal, but refused to celebrate it due to his allegiance to Sunderland. Gullit lost his job the following day. After Bobby Robson took over as manager, Robinson played just 11 more times (all as a substitute), but did score his first senior goal for the team in a 2–2 UEFA Cup tie against CSKA Sofia.

Wimbledon
In July 2000 he moved down to the First Division with Wimbledon for a fee of £1.5 million. Robinson made just four league appearances in his three years with the Dons, spending time on loan with Burnley and Dundee United before joining Grimsby Town on loan towards the end of the 2001–02 season. Robinson re-joined Grimsby for the first three months of the 2002–03 season, scoring once against Sheffield United, but failed to do enough to earn himself a permanent transfer. After this he went on to play for Carlisle United on loan. His first goal for the club came in a 2–1 league defeat to York City. He also scored in their Football League Trophy run, in a 2–0 win over Wrexham. Carlisle made it to the final, but Robinson had already returned to Wimbledon before being released from the Selhurst Park club in March 2003.

Blackpool
He moved to Blackpool on a free transfer in March 2003 following his release by The Dons, he managed to score once against Notts County, before leaving several months later.

Hartlepool United
In July 2003 Robinson signed for Hartlepool United, where he scored seven league goals during the 2003–04 season, three of them coming in a memorable hat trick against his former club Grimsby, during an 8–1 win over The Mariners.

York City
In June 2004 he moved to York City, and became part of a veteran City squad that boasted the likes of Kevin Donovan, and also Paul Groves who had signed him for Grimsby, when he was player-manager at Blundell Park, after the completion of the 2004–05 season, Robinson was released by York.

Whitley Bay
In July 2005 he was poised to sign for Ross County. However, he rejected a contract with the Dingwall side and the following month had an unsuccessful trial with Aberdeen, after which he was said to be considering quitting football after becoming disillusioned with the game. In August 2005, he returned to the North East of the England, signing for non-league side Whitley Bay.

Torquay United
Robinson returned to the professional game, signing for League Two side Torquay United in November 2005. He was a regular squad member for the rest of the season, but was released after Torquay had secured survival on the final day of the season.

Non-League football
Following his departure from Torquay, Robinson returned north and transferred to lowly non-League side Horden Colliery Welfare. Robinson then joined Consett AFC for the 2008–09 season, but left the club at the end of the season. Robinson then spent short spells at a number of non-league clubs across England, turning out for Maidenhead United, Hayes & Yeading, Windsor & Eton, Beaconsfield and Chesham United. Robinson then signed for South Tyneside based Jarrow Roofing Boldon Community Association F.C. who play in the Northern League Division One. He scored a hat-trick on his debut against Billingham Town F.C. and followed this with two goals in a 2–2 draw with West Auckland Town F.C.. Despite enjoying a successful spell with Jarrow Roofing, scoring nine goals in his first seven games, Robinson abruptly left the club at the end of September 2011 and returned to Chesham United.

On 22 November 2011, it was reported that Robinson had left Chesham United and signed for Southern Football League side Didcot Town. In an interview with BBC Radio Oxford in December 2011 Robinson stated that he was happy to have signed for Didcot Town and was looking forward to the challenge of playing in the Southern League saying "I just want to play. It was a massive attraction to join up with [manager] Dave Mudge ... The ground and training facilities here are great, especially for this level. I jumped at the chance to come." However, Robinson was dropped from the Didcot squad for a game against Poole Town in February 2012, and left the club shortly after. It was then revealed that Robinson had moved back to the North East and re-signed for Jarrow Roofing. He scored on his second debut for the club in a 3–2 win over South Shields and then scored twice in the next match against Sunderland RCA. It was also revealed that as well as being on the playing staff Robinson had been given a coaching role with the club by manager Richie McLoughlin, who is also the chairman, treasurer, owner and chief sponsor of the club. However, Jarrow Roofing finished the 2011–12 season in 20th place on equal points with Penrith F.C. but were relegated to the Northern League Division Two on goal difference. Following this Robinson left the club and joined County Durham-based Newton Aycliffe F.C., who had finished the season in mid-table and would therefore play the 2012–13 season in Northern League Division One. Robinson's spell with the Newtonians was initially successful, as he scored a few minutes into his debut in an FA Cup tie against Holker Old Boys, and added a second goal when he scored in a 4–1 defeat by Hebburn Town.

However, it would turn out to be another short spell at a club for Robinson, as it was announced in September 2012 that after just seven appearances for his new club he had left Newton Aycliffe and had yet again returned to Jarrow Roofing for a third spell at the club. Roofing manager Richie McLoughlin was enthusiastic about Robinson's return to the club and praised his abilities, telling a local newspaper: "I'm hoping Robbo will give us some more firepower. He was dying to come back...we also needed his presence in the changing room, as well as on the pitch." Yet again Robinson spent a short amount of time at Jarrow Roofing. In a game against Whitley Bay McLoughlin substituted off Robinson after just twenty minutes, stating "We were getting overrun after 20 minutes and Robbo was not at his best, and you need 11 men on the ball against a team like Whitley, so I took him off and put Dan Carson on. We looked better and got back into the game." The South Shields Gazette reported that this caused a "bust up" between Robinson and McLoughlin, and on 23 November it was reported that Robinson had left Jarrow Roofing – his third spell at the club lasting just a few weeks. In early December 2012 it was revealed that Robinson had signed for South Shields, although he left the team after a short period of time and signed for Hebburn Town. In an interview with David Bowers of Sky Sports in 2013 Robinson revealed that he no longer played football and preferred to spend his time working for his family. However, in 2015 Robinson signed for Ashbrooke Sports Club who play in the third division of the Sunderland Sunday League. He scored four goals on his debut in a 10–2 win against Penshaw CC FC.

In July 2016 Robinson scored four goals for a Newcastle United XI in a memorial game for former goalkeeper Pavel Srnicek who died in December 2015. The team included other former Newcastle United players Paul Brayson and Jamie McClen and was attended by over 1,000 fans. Following the game Robinson revealed that he had been asked to train with Gateshead-based Dunston UTS F.C.. In August 2016 he signed for the club.

Personal life
On 8 January 2007, Robinson was declared bankrupt at Sunderland County Court. Although the total amount of debt Robinson was in was not revealed, it was stated that he had agreed to pay his creditors £400 per month but had fallen behind with these repayments and did not oppose being made bankrupt. It was also reported that Robinson had moved back into his parents house in the Seaburn area of Sunderland.

In an interview with the Sunday Sun in 2008 Robinson revealed that he had been working as a labourer but had to sign on when this source of work dried up.

Robinson reflected on the bad financial decisions which had led to his bankruptcy. He described that following his move to Wimbledon he felt homesick and pressurised by the £1.5 million fee the club had paid for him. During this time he began spending money excessively. "The amount I'd spend was ridiculous. I'd buy clothes for no reason whatsoever. I couldn't go past a shop without going in and splashing out...Then there were the gadgets, the car...stuff every lad would buy if he could afford it." Robinson went on to say that as his career floundered and he began dropping down the leagues he still continued spending, culminating in his being declared bankrupt shortly after he left Torquay United.

In the same interview he went on to say that his selection in the starting line-up for the infamous Tyne-Wear derby was a case of "too much, too young" and said that he would have preferred to play in that game when he was 26 or 27, rather than 20. In another interview with Sky Sports in 2013 Robinson stated that joining Wimbledon was "by far the worst decision I've ever made" and said that he should have stayed under the guidance of Sir Bobby Robson at Newcastle.

Robinson expressed regret at the way he had squandered the money he made from football stating "I look back and wish I'd bought a house and ended up with something to show for my career" but accepted that it was his own decisions that led to his failure to fulfill his footballing potential saying "I haven't quite hit the heights I should have. But the only person to blame is the idiot looking back at me in the mirror."

Robinson worked as a multi-drop driver for courier firm City Link operating out of the company's Durham depot until the company collapsed in December 2014.

References

External links

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Sunderland, Tyne and Wear
Category:English footballers
Category:Darlington F.C. players
Category:Newcastle United F.C. players
Category:Wimbledon F.C. players
Category:Burnley F.C. players
Category:Dundee United F.C. players
Category:Grimsby Town F.C. players
Category:Carlisle United F.C. players
Category:Blackpool F.C. players
Category:Hartlepool United F.C. players
Category:York City F.C. players
Category:Whitley Bay F.C. players
Category:Torquay United F.C. players
Category:Horden Colliery Welfare A.F.C. players
Category:Consett A.F.C. players
Category:Maidenhead United F.C. players
Category:Hayes & Yeading United F.C. players
Category:Hendon F.C. players
Category:Windsor & Eton F.C. players
Category:Beaconsfield Town F.C. players
Category:Chesham United F.C. players
Category:Jarrow Roofing Boldon Community Association F.C. players
Category:Didcot Town F.C. players
Category:Newton Aycliffe F.C. players
Category:South Shields F.C. (1974) players
Category:Hebburn Town F.C. players
Category:Dunston UTS F.C. players
Category:Premier League players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Scottish Premier League players
Category:Footballers from Tyne and Wear
Category:Association football forwards


Lemoyne, Pennsylvania

Lemoyne is a borough in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania,  United States. Lemoyne was incorporated as a borough on May 23, 1905. As of the 2010 census, the borough population was 4,553. It was formerly named "Bridgeport". Lemoyne lies across the Susquehanna River from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's capital. It is part of the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Lemoyne is served by Interstate 83 and U.S. Routes 11/15. Lemoyne is served by the West Shore School District.

Geography
Lemoyne is located on the eastern edge of Cumberland County at  (40.243389, -76.896532), on the west bank of the Susquehanna River, directly across from Harrisburg. It is bordered to the north by Wormleysburg, to the west by Camp Hill, and to the south by the borough of New Cumberland and Lower Allen Township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 3,995 people, 1,926 households, and 999 families residing in the borough. The population density is 2,565.8 people per square mile (988.8/km²). There are 2,027 housing units at an average density of 1,301.9 per square mile (501.7/km²). The racial makeup of the borough is 96.52% White, 0.58% African American, 0.08% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. 1.08% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 1,926 households, out of which 23.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% are married couples living together, 9.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 48.1% are non-families. 40.7% of all households are made up of individuals, and 11.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.07 and the average family size is 2.84.

In the borough the population is spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females, there are 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the borough is $39,803, and the median income for a family is $47,438. Males have a median income of $32,284 versus $26,719 for females. The per capita income for the borough is $28,705. 5.7% of the population and 4.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 4.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Notable people
 Bob Adams, baseball pitcher
 Edson Hendricks, computer scientist
 Stan Jones, football player
 Paul Minner, baseball pitcher
 Bob Moorhead, baseball pitcher
 Andy Musser, sports announcer
 Dean T. Stevenson, Episcopal bishop
 Helen Waddell, baseball player

References

Category:Populated places on the Susquehanna River
Category:Populated places established in 1905
Category:Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area
Category:Boroughs in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Category:1905 establishments in Pennsylvania


Sarobela

Sarobela is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae described by Turner in 1936. Its only species, Sarobela litterata, was first described by Pagenstecher in 1888. It is found in Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Myanmar, the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Borneo and Australia.

The adult's wingspan is 3 cm. Its forewings are greyish brown with two large black patches based on the costa. Hindwings plain brown. Forwardly projected long labial palpi.

References

Category:Moths of Asia
Category:Moths described in 1888
Category:Hypeninae
Category:Monotypic moth genera


List of Australia Davis Cup team representatives

This is a list of tennis players who have represented the Australia Davis Cup team in an official Davis Cup match. Australia have taken part in the competition since 1919. Also included are those who competed for the Australasia Davis Cup team, a combined side featuring both Australians and New Zealanders. The Australian team assumed historical records.

Players

References

 Davis Cup
Australia


757th Airlift Squadron

The 757th Airlift Squadron is an Air Force reserve unit stationed at Youngstown Air Reserve Station, Ohio. It flies Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft on airlift and aerial spray missions.

The squadron was first activated in 1943 as the 757th Bombardment Squadron.  It flew Consolidated B-24 Liberators in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, primarily on strategic bombing missions, but also flew air support and interdiction missions, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation for attacking an aircraft plant in Austria despite heavy flak and fighter opposition.  It was inactivated following V-J Day, but was reactivated in the reserve from 1947 through 1949, flying various trainer aircraft but was inactivated before becoming operational.

The squadron was again activated in the reserve in 1955 as the 757th Troop Carrier Squadron and trained as an airlift squadron with Curtiss C-46 Commando and Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar aircraft until 1970, and returned to the airlift mission in 1991.  From 1970 until 1991, it served as a forward air control and tactical fighter unit.

Mission
The mission of the 757th Airlift Squadron is to maintain a large-area fixed-wing aerial application capability to control disease vectors in combat areas and on Department of Defense (DoD) installations; to maintain a large-area application capability to control vegetation and pests of vegetation on DoD installations; and to conduct aerial spray training.

The 757th operates eight Lockheed C-130 HerculesH2 aircraft, four of which are modified to accept the Modular Aerial Spray System, with a capacity of ; which can be delivered at a flow rate of  per minute, at an altitude of  for a total spray time of 8 minutes and 30 seconds.

History

World War II

The squadron was first activated on 1 July 1943 at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico as the 757th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 459th Bombardment Group.  The squadron trained with Consolidated B-24 Liberators under Second Air Force Until October, when it moved to Westover Field, Massachusetts.  The squadron flew long-range convoy escort missions over area between the Newfoundland Banks and Long Island Sound in November and December 1943 while Giulia Airfield, its station in Italy, was being constructed.  In January 1944, the squadron began its overseas movement.

The squadron arrived in Italy in February 1944 and began flying combat missions in March. The squadron engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military, industrial and transportation targets in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia, bombing railroad marshalling yards, oil refineries, airfields, heavy industry, and other strategic objectives.  In April 1944, the 459th Group led the 304th Bombardment Wing in an attack on an airfield and aircraft factory at Bad Voslau, Austria through heavy flak and fighter attacks.  The squadron was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for this action.

In addition to strategic missions, the squadron also carried out support and interdiction operations. In March 1944, the squadron attacked railroads used to supply enemy forces surrounding the Anzio beachhead. In August, it struck bridges, harbors, and troop concentrations to aid Operation Dragoon, the invasion of Southern France.  It also hit communications lines and other targets during March and April 1945 to support the advance of British Eighth Army and American Fifth Army in northern Italy.

The squadron returned to the United States in August 1945, being programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment squadron.  A cadre reformed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota in the middle of the month. The Japanese surrender in August led to the inactivation of unit on 28 August.

Early reserve operations
The 757th was reactivated as a reserve unit at Long Beach Army Air Field, California in July 1947.  Although nominally a heavy bomber unit, the squadron trained with North American T-6 Texans and Beechcraft T-7 Navigators and T-11 Kansans under the supervision of the 416th AAF Base Unit (later the 2347th Air Force Reserve Flying Training Center) of Air Defense Command (ADC).  In July 1948, Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.  The 757th was inactivated when President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force.  ConAC also reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system in June 1949, making the squadron surplus.    The squadron's personnel and equipment were transferred to other reserve units at Long Beach.

Reserve airlift operations

In January 1955, the 757th's parent was reactivated at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland as the 459th Troop Carrier Group.  During the first half of 1955, the Air Force began detaching Air Force reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages: communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning.  As it finally evolved in the spring of 1955, the ConAC plan called for placing Air Force reserve units at fifty-nine installations located throughout the United States. As one of the first three squadrons involved in the program, the squadron was activated at Byrd Field, Virginia as the 757th Troop Carrier Squadron.  At Byrd Field, the squadron began training with the Curtiss C-46 Commando.  In the summer of 1956, the squadron participated in Operation Sixteen Ton during its two weeks of active duty training.  Sixteen Ton was performed entirely by reserve troop carrier units and moved United States Coast Guard equipment From Floyd Bennett Naval Air Station to Isla Grande Airport in Puerto Rico and San Salvador in the Bahamas.  After the success of  Operation Sixteen Ton, the squadron began to use inactive duty training periods for Operation Swift Lift, transporting high priority cargo for the air force and Operation Ready Swap, transporting aircraft engines, between Air Materiel Command’s depots.

Shortly thereafter, The Joint Chiefs of Staff were pressuring the Air Force to provide more wartime airlift.  At the same time, about 150 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars became available from the active force. Consequently, in November 1956 the Air Force directed ConAC to convert three reserve fighter bomber wings to the troop carrier mission by September 1957. In addition, within the Air Staff was a recommendation that the reserve fighter mission given to the Air National Guard and replaced by the troop carrier mission.  Cuts in the budget in 1957 also led to a reduction in the number of reserve squadrons from 55 to 45, including troop carrier units.  As a result of these actions, reserve troop carrier operations at Byrd Field ended, and the squadron moved on paper to Youngstown Municipal Airport, Ohio, where it replaced the 26th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, which was simultaneously inactivated.  At Youngstown, the unit began conversion to the Flying Boxcar.

At Youngstown, the squadron trained with the 2234th Air Reserve Flying Center, but one month after its arrival there, the center was inactivated and some of its personnel were absorbed by the squadron.  In place of active duty support for reserve units, ConAC adopted the Air Reserve Technician Program, in which a cadre of the unit consisted of full-time personnel who were simultaneously civilian employees of the Air Force and held rank as members of the reserves.  Another reorganization affected the unit in April 1959, when reserve units adopted the dual deputy organization.  Under this plan, the 459th Troop Carrier Group was inactivated and the squadron reported directly to the 459th Troop Carrier Wing.   All support organizations were located with the wing headquarters at Andrews.

Although the dispersal of flying units under the Detached Squadron Concept was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult.  This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.  To resolve this, ConAC determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishing groups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons at the start of 1962.  This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed.   However, as this plan was entering its implementation phase, another partial mobilization occurred for the Cuban missile crisis, with the units being released on 22 November 1962.  The formation of troop carrier groups was delayed until January 1963 for wings that had not been mobilized.  At that time, the squadron was assigned to the 910th Troop Carrier Group, which was activated as the command element for the squadron at Youngstown, along with support elements for the 757th.  The squadron continued airlift operations with the C-119 until 1969, although its name changed to the 757th Tactical Airlift Squadron in July 1967.

Later reserve operations

In 1969, the C-119 was leaving the Air Force airlift inventory, although it served in special operations, and the squadron began converting to the Cessna U-3 Blue Canoe.  Although this plane was as ill-suited to the forward air control mission as it was to the airlift mission, in January 1970, the squadron became the 757th Tactical Air Control Squadron in January 1970.  The squadron's time with the U-3 was short, for it began operating the Cessna A-37 Dragonfly the following year, first as the 757th Special Operations Squadron, and then as the 757th Tactical Fighter Sqyuadron.  it would operate the Dragonfly for the next ten years.

Return to airlift mission
In 1981, the squadron again became the 757th Tactical Airlift Squadron as it began its current association with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules.  The following year, it added the aerial spray mission with special equipment mounted in the cargo compartment of its C-130s.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 757th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
 Activated on 1 July 1943
 Redesignated 757th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 29 September 1944
 Inactivated on 28 August 1945
 Redesignated 757th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 13 March 1947
 Activated in the reserve on 12 July 1947
 Inactivated on 27 June 1949
 Redesignated 757th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 11 March 1955
 Activated in the reserve on 8 April 1955
 Redesignated 757th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1967
 Redesignated 757th Tactical Air Support Squadron on 25 January 1970
 Redesignated 757th Special Operations Squadron on 29 June 1971
 Redesignated 757th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 1 October 1973
 Redesignated 757th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1981
 Redesignated 757th Airlift Squadron on 1 February 1992

Assignments
 459th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945
 459th Bombardment Group, 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
 459th Troop Carrier Group, 8 April 1955
 459th Troop Carrier Wing, 14 April 1959
 910th Troop Carrier Group (later 910th Tactical Airlift Group, 910th Tactical Air Support Group, 910th Special Operations Group, 910th Tactical Fighter Group, 910th Tactical Airlift Group, 910th Airlift) Group, 17 January 1963
 910th Operations Group, 1 August 1992 – present

Stations

 Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 July 1943
 Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, 2 September 1943
 Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 22 September 1943
 Westover Field, Massachusetts, 1 November 1943 – 2 January 1944
 Giulia Airfield, Italy, 12 February 1944 – c. 2 August 1945

 Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, c. 14–28 August 1945
 Long Beach Army Air Field (later Long Beach Airport), California, 19 April 1947 – 27 June 1949
 Byrd Field, Virginia, 8 April 1955
 Youngstown Municipal Airport (later Youngstown Municipal Airport Air Reserve Station; Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport Air Reserve Station), Ohio, 16 November 1957 – present

Aircraft

 Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945
 North American T-6 Texan, 1947-1949
 Beechcraft T-7 Navigator, 1947-1949
 Beechcraft T-11 Kansan, 1947-1949
 Beechcraft C-45 Expeditor, 1955–c. 1958
 Curtiss C-46 Commando, 1955–1957
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar, 1957–1969
 Cessna U-3 Blue Canoe, 1969-1971
 Cessna A-37 Dragonfly, 1971–1981
 Lockheed C-130 Hercules, 1981–present

Awards and campaigns

See also

 List of United States Air Force squadrons
 List of United States Air Force airlift squadrons
 List of United States Air Force fighter squadrons
 List of United States Air Force special operations squadrons
 B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces
 List of C-130 Hercules operators

References

Notes

Bibliography

 +

0757
Category:Military units and formations of the United States Air Force Reserves
Category:Military units and formations in Ohio


Duelm, Minnesota

Duelm is an unincorporated community in St. George Township, Benton County, Minnesota, United States, near Foley.  The community is located along Duelm Road near 110th Avenue.  Stoney Brook flows through the community.

State Highways 25 (MN 25) and 95 (MN 95) are also in the immediate area.

Duelm was originally settled chiefly by Germans.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Benton County, Minnesota
Category:Unincorporated communities in Minnesota


Ringtone (film)

Ringtone is a 2010 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Ajmal, starring Suresh Gopi, Bala and debutant Megha Nair. This was the last movie of the actor Rajan P. Dev.

Plot
Krishna (Bala) is running from the police for attacking them in public in an attempt to save his mother who was lathi charged. He was travelling in a truck and he meets Meera (Meghna Nair). The truck meets with an accident and they stay as a guest of the truck owner (Rajan P. Dev). Ninan Koshy (Suresh Gopi) is asked to investigate on this case.

Cast
 Suresh Gopi as Ninan Koshy
 Bala as Krishna
 Meghna Nair as Meera
 Rajan P. Dev
 Saikumar
 Ashish Vidhyarthi
 Tini Tom
 Abu Salim
 Bijukuttan
 Zeenath
 Ambika Mohan

References

External links

Nowrunning.com
Indiaglitz.com
Cinefundas.com
Movies.rediff.com
Popcorn.oneindia.in
Thatsmalayalam.oneindia.in

Category:2010 films
Category:2010s Malayalam-language films
Category:Indian films


Impy's Island

Impy's Island () is a 2006 German computer-animated feature film based on the children's novel Urmel from the Ice Age by Max Kruse.

Plot summary
On a magical tropical island called Tikiwoo in the 1950s, a fun-loving group of misfit animals and people make a marvelous discovery: a baby dinosaur frozen since prehistoric times. Little Impy, as they call him, is loving his new family and ready to explore the strange new world. but when a king from a faraway country vows to capture the lovable baby dino for his private collection, all the inhabitants of Impy's island must join together to save their new friend.

Cast
The film stars the voice talents of:
 Wigald Boning as Professor Habakuk Tibatong
 Anke Engelke as Wutz
 Florian Halm as Diener Sami
 Christoph Maria Herbst as Doctor Zwengelmann
 Kevin Iannotta as Tim Tintenklecks
 Stefan Krause as Pinguin Ping
 Oliver Pocher as Schuhschnabel Schusch
 Domenic Redl as Urmel
 Frank Schaff as Waran Wawa
 Klaus Sonnenschein as King Pumponell
 Wolfgang Völz as See-Elefant Seele-Fant

For the American release, the voice talents are the following:
 Lisa Ortiz as Impy the Impodochosaurus
 Zoe Martin as Ping the king penguin
 Maddie Blaustein as Shoe the shoebill
 Sean Schemmel as King Pumponell the 55th
 Charlotte Mahoney as Peg the house pig
 Pete Bowlan as Sami
 Michael Sinterniklaas as Professor Horatio Tibberton
 Jimmy Zoppi as Monty the monitor lizard
 Alan Smithee as Dr. Zonderburgh
 P.J. Battisti, Jr. as Tim
 Michael Alston Baley as Solomon the elephant seal

Sequel
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1210117/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast

Release
 February 27, 2007 (DVD)
 July 31, 2007 (DVD - 2-pack with Rugrats Go Wild) (Paramount Home Entertainment version)
 March 4, 2008 (DVD - 2-pack with Stuart Little) (Sony Pictures Home Entertainment version)

See also
List of animated feature films
List of computer-animated films

External links

References

Category:2006 films
Category:2006 computer-animated films
Category:2000s children's animated films
Category:German animated films
Category:2000s children's fantasy films
Category:German children's films
Category:German fantasy films
Category:German films
Category:German-language films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Reinhard Klooss
Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters
Category:Films set on islands
Category:Films based on German novels
Category:Animated films based on children's books
Category:Animated films about dinosaurs
Category:Animated films about reptiles and amphibians
Category:Animated films about penguins
Category:Films based on television series
Category:Films set in the 1950s
Category:Fictional islands


Sakuma Morimasa

was the son of Sakuma Moritsugu, cousin of Sakuma Nobumori, a prominent Oda retainer to Oda Nobuhide and Oda Nobunaga. Morimasa was born in what is now Shōwa-ku, Nagoya (situated in contemporary Aichi District, Owari Province), He was a retainer of Shibata Katsuie and one of his top generals in many of his campaigns. Morimasa was given the former Ikko Sect fortress Oyama Gobo in the Kaga prefecture by Oda Nobunaga; the fortress was subsequently named Oyama Castle in 1580 but went on to become Kanazawa Castle. After several campaigns in which he had fought, he was given the nickname onigenba which literally means "Demon Genba", Genba being his middle name.

After the betrayal of Akechi Mitsuhide which led to the death of both Oda Nobunaga and his heir Oda Nobutada, Morimasa sided with Shibata Katsuie over making Oda Nobutaka (the third son of Nobunaga) as heir to the Oda clan whereas Hashiba Hideyoshi (later Toyotomi Hideyoshi) supported Lord Sanboshi. Sanboshi was the heir to Oda Nobutada and was still an infant at that time. This argument led to the split of the Oda clan retainers into the two main factions led by Shibata Katsuie and Hashiba Hideyoshi.

Armies of the two factions eventually came to war. In 1583, Morimasa led an offensive against Takayama Ukon in Iwasakiyama.

Morimasa then proceeded against Shibata Katsuie's orders, killing Nakagawa Kiyohide in the early stages of the battle of Shizugatake in 1583.  Ignoring orders by Shibata Katsuie to fall back led to his defeat as Toyotomi Hideyoshi's forces approached the next morning.  Morimasa was captured and beheaded.

The charge by Morimasa was the spark necessary for the battle of Shizugatake where Hideyoshi's troops were able to suppress any resistance led by Maeda Toshiie and prevented the support of Sassa Narimasa and Takigawa Kazumasu. In all, Hideyoshi's troops swelled to 120,000 whereas Shibata Katsuie's troops had only reached 25,000. This eventually forced Shibata Katsuie to commit seppuku along with his wife Lady Oichi (younger sister of Nobunaga) following the betrayal of Maeda Toshiie.

References

Category:1554 births
Category:1583 deaths
Category:Samurai
Category:People executed by Japan by decapitation


Jonny Quinn

Jonathan Graham Quinn (born 26 February 1972) is a Northern Irish drummer, born in Bangor. He is best known as the drummer for alternative rock band Snow Patrol, and was previously a member of bands like The Mighty Fall, The New Brontes and Disraeli Gears. As drummer for Snow Patrol, he has played on all releases. He is married to industrial designer Mariane Quinn (née Røkke).

Biography
He attended Rockport School near Holywood and Campbell College Belfast  both of which singer Gary Lightbody attended. He once used to work in the music store for Good Vibrations, the record label that first signed The Undertones. In the early 1990s, he was a member of The Mighty Fall, in which he had a band mate in Iain Archer. He was also a member of The New Brontes. In the summer of 1992, he became a member of Disraeli Gears, which was formed by Iain's brother Paul. In 1995, he completed a BTEC Diploma in Performing Arts. In October 1996, he started a live music venue with Brendan McCauley, called The Crescent Arts Centre. Disraeli Gears played regular shows at the venue throughout the rest of the year. In 1997, they recorded their first studio album, Pure Groove.

He's been with Snow Patrol since their first full-length release, Songs for Polarbears. During Snow Patrol's Eyes Open Tour, on 15 January 2007, Quinn broke a bone in his elbow in a snowboarding accident and was unable to play several shows of the tour. He asked Ex-Therapy? drummer and long-time friend of the band Graham Hopkins to fill in for him. Hopkins toured Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the United States for 3 months until Quinn had fully recovered. In the meantime, Snow Patrol were to play at the 2007 BRIT Awards. U2's Larry Mullen, Jr. volunteered to take on the duty but the band already had Hopkins. Quinn said he felt "honored" at the offer. He names Ginger Baker, Louie Bellson and Stewart Copeland among his influences.

In 2009, Jonny set up and launched the publishing company Polar Patrol Publishing.  His first signing was Johnny McDaid who then went onto write with many artists including Ed Sheeran, Birdy and Robbie Williams.  Jonny was also responsible for signing Belle & Sebastian to Polar Patrol in 2014.

Personal life
He is the nephew of actress Patricia Quinn and the brother of Bradley Quinn, Snow Patrol's longtime photographer. His cousin is Debbie Armstrong, wife of former Northern Ireland assistant manager Gerry Armstrong. Quinn had a habit of stage-diving, which resulted in many fractured limbs. After the band signed to Fiction/Interscope, he was asked to curb it, lest he break his arm.

He proposed to his longtime girlfriend, industrial designer Mariane Røkke at Snow Patrol's homecoming show at Ward Park in 2007. He wrote "Marry me Mariane" on his drum kit, which was shown on the screens beside the stage. They tied the knot in Mariane's hometown Oslo on 16 August 2008. Jonny's brother Bradley Quinn was the best man. Guests included the band, past Snow Patrol collaborator and band mate Iain Archer and singer Declan O'Rourke. The couple went to Zanzibar for their honeymoon. He lives in Crouch End, London with his wife and son, near band mate Nathan Connolly.

Equipment
He is known to use DW drums, Zildjian cymbals and Pro-Mark sticks.  He used Pearl drums in the past.

Discography

with The Mighty Fall
1991 – "Kick It in the Head";
with Disraeli Gears
1995 – Sense EP
1997 – Pure Groove

with Snow Patrol
1998 – Songs for Polarbears
2001 – When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up
2003 – Final Straw
2006 – Eyes Open
2008 – A Hundred Million Suns
2009 – Up to Now
2011 - Fallen Empires
2013 - Greatest Hits
2018 - ''Wildness

References

Category:1972 births
Category:Ivor Novello Award winners
Category:Drummers from Northern Ireland
Category:Male drummers
Category:Living people
Category:People educated at Rockport School
Category:People from Bangor, County Down
Category:Snow Patrol members
Category:Fiction Records artists
Category:Interscope Records artists
Category:21st-century drummers
Category:Musicians from County Down


Henry Kendall (urban planner)

Henry Kendall (1903–1983) was a British architect, who worked as an urban planner, in British colonies and former colonies.

Education
Between 1922 and 1927, Kendall studied architecture in the University of London. In 1928 he had a practicum in urban planning.

Urban planning career
Kendall's first appointment outside the British islands was in 1929, as an urban planner, for the office of colonies in Malesia. He worked there until 1932. In 1935, he worked in England.

British Mandatory Palestine
Kendall worked for Mandatory Palestine from 1936 until the end of the British mandate in 1948. During this era, he was the High Commissioner of Palestine's adviser for urban planning the manager of the Mandatory Palestine transportation Public Works Department and the City Architect of Jerusalem. Kendall wrote two of his books about his projects of this era.

His work for British Mandatory Palestine included the zoning plan of the following cities:
 Jerusalem – in 1944, Kendall's zoning plan for Jerusalem replaced former plans. Like the former ones, it forbid tall building, and announced dimension stone as mandatory. It forbid building too close to the outer side of the Walls of Jerusalem, and announced the area around the wall as a park. It also announced the Mount of Olives as a nature reserve.. Twenty years later, in 1964, Kendall and Brown submitted an advance zoning program, with the same principles, for East Jerusalem, while they were working for the Jordanian Kingdom
 Beersheba – in 1937, Kendall's zoning plan for Beersheba replaced former British zoning plans for it, which were not applicable. By Kendall's planning, the British kept building the Beersheba in the modern way that the Turkish Empire started. It was a grid street plan, in which the main avenue was the commercial and municipal center. The Israelis changed that zoning plan in 1952.
 Tel Aviv
 Tiberias
 Gaza City - Only in 1937, British Mandatory Palestine put a large effort in rebuilding that city, after being ruined in WWI. By Kendall's zoning, only a small part of the city got a historic preservation, Omar Mukhtar Street became a main street, and new neighborhoods were established in a new form.
 Nablus
 Jaffa – Jaffa's city whole (which was not yet a part of Tel Aviv) rejected Kendall's zoning plan. The preferred a plan of an Arabic architect, from Cairo.

Uganda, Zanzibar and Ghana
Between 1948 and 1956, Kendall worked as the chief urban planner for the British colonial regime of Uganda. There he planned the zoning of Kampala and wrote another book. His zoning plan of Kampala replaced a former one, by a German architect.

In 1957-8, Kendall worked in Zanzibar. There he planned the zoning of Stone Town, with the architect, Geoffrey Mill. The plan was used only partially.

Between 1958 and 1962, he worked for the government of Ghana.

Jordan, Gibraltar and England
Between 1963 and 1966, Kendall worked for the Jordanian Kingdom – an ex-British colony, that included only areas formerly been in the British Mandatory Palestine. The Jordanians hired Kendall in order to fit his old zoning plan of Jerusalem to the situation in which Jerusalem is divided between two states.

Between 1967 and 1977, Kendall worked for the British government, in Gibraltar.

Between 1978 and 1983, Kendall was a member of the Committee for Historic preservation of the English Countryside. In the last two of those years, he was the committee's chairman.

Legacy

In Beersheba, a street is named after Henry Kendall. The street provides access to the Rambam Square towers and the Beersheba Turkish railway station.

Books written
 Jerusalem The City Plan, 1918-1948 (His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1948)
 Kendall Henery, Village Development in Palestine During the British Mandate (Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1949)
 Town planning in Uganda; a brief description of the efforts made by the government to control the development of urban areas from 1915 to 1955 (Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, 1955)

References

Category:British urban planners
Category:20th-century British architects
Category:Alumni of the University of London
Category:1903 births
Category:1983 deaths
Category:Geography of Palestine (region)


Doomsday Book (film)

Doomsday Book (; lit. "Report on the Destruction of Mankind") is a 2012 South Korean science-fiction anthology film directed by Kim Jee-woon and Yim Pil-sung. It tells three unique stories of human self-destruction in the modern high-tech era, while displaying an alternative form of genuine humanity and compassion. A Brave New World is a political satire about a viral zombie outbreak; The Heavenly Creature philosophizes on whether a robot can achieve enlightenment; and in Happy Birthday a dysfunctional family bonds in the midst of an apocalypse.

It won the top prize at the 2012 Fantasia Festival. The jury honored it with the Cheval Noir Award for best film for "its intelligence and originality."

Production
Doomsday Book was originally conceived as a three-part anthology film to be directed by Kim Jee-woon, Yim Pil-sung, and Han Jae-rim. Filming began on May 21, 2006, but shortly after Kim and Yim had shot their segments, financing fell apart and the film was put on hold. Han's third segment titled "The Christmas Gift" (a SF musical retelling of O. Henry's short story, about a woman's primal desires emerging when confronted with her last chance to survive after witnessing the end of the world) was never shot, and the two thirds remained unreleased.

But in 2010 with backing from new investor TimeStory, shooting restarted quietly with Yim and Kim collaborating on a new third installment to the trilogy with Yim as the lead director and Kim in more of a "guest director" role.

It was pre-sold to six countries at the Berlin Film Market and screened at the Cannes Film Festival.

Synopsis

A Brave New World
()

Left alone after his parents go abroad on a holiday with his sister, geeky research scientist Yoon Seok-woo (Ryoo Seung-bum) disposes of the accumulated rubbish in the family flat, which includes a rotten apple. Through the waste disposal system, the apple enters the food chain in the form of recycled feed for cows. Seok-woo and his date, Kim Yoo-min (Go Joon-hee), end up eating the toxic beef during a barbecue one evening, and soon they and the rest of the population become flesh-eating zombies.

Directed by Yim Pil-sung. Written by Yim Pil-sung, Lee Hwan-hee. Also starring Kim Roi-ha (as Seok-woo's father), Lee Kan-hee (as Seok-woo's mother), Hwang Hyo-eun (as Seok-woo's sister), Ma Dong-seok (as a disorderly student), Jung Woo (as Joong-dong), Choi Deok-moon (as cook), Kim Mu-yeol (as Ji-ho), Bong Joon-ho (as Lee Joon-ho), Park Ho-young (as Park Ho-young), and Yoon Je-moon (as Joo Je-moon).

The Heavenly Creature
()

Park Do-won (Kim Kang-woo), a young technician employed by robotics corporation UR International, is called out to check an RU-4 robot named In-myung (voiced by Park Hae-il) employed at a Buddhist monastery. In-myung has become Buddhist and claims to have achieved enlightenment; the monks want to know whether he really is one or is just a robot with a technical glitch. Do-won gives In-myung a clean bill of technical health but says he is unqualified to do any more. Later, UR chairman Kang (Song Young-chang), and his team led by research executive Min (Kim Seo-hyung), arrive at the monastery to decommission In-myung, on the grounds that he is an old series. Do-won and Bodhisattva Hye-joo (Kim Gyu-ri) then try to save the robot from its imminent demise.

Written and directed by Kim Jee-woon. Original story by Park Seong-hwan. Also starring Jo Yoon-hee (as Ji-eun), Lee Bong-gyu (as Monk Joo-ji), and Jung Jae-jin (as Spiritual Leader).

Happy Birthday
()

Young Park Min-seo (Jin Ji-hee) secretly orders a replacement 8 Ball from a strange website so her pool-obsessed father (Lee Seung-joon) and nerdy uncle Hwan (Song Sae-byeok) won't notice she's damaged it. She throws the original ball out of the window and it drops down a hole in the street. Two years later, South Korea is threatened by an asteroid that looks exactly like a giant version of the 8 Ball. In their underground shelter, the family tries to cancel the order via the extraterrestrial website. Ten years later, the adult Min-seo (Bae Doona) and her family emerge from their shelter.

Directed by Yim Pil-sung. Written by Yim Pil-sung, Jang Jong-ah. Original story by Park Su-min. Also starring Yoon Se-ah (as Min-seo's mother), Ryu Seung-soo (as male newscaster), Lee Young-eun (as female newscaster Lee Eun-kyung), John Kim (as former NASA researcher), Kevin Lee (as Ministry of Science and Technology resource person), Oh Jae-min (as male home shopping channel host), Kim Ok-jin (as female home shopping channel host), Jung Chul (as home shopping model 1), Jo Seung-min (as home shopping model 2), Nam Yoon-young (as home shopping model 3), Go Joon-hee (as weather girl), Lee Kyung-ho (as signs scholar), and Lee Sang-joon (as Galaxy courier).

Awards and nominations
2012 Fantasia Festival
 Cheval Noir Award
2013 Asian Film Awards
 Nomination - Best Visual Effects - Kwak Tae-yong, Hwang Hyo-kyun, Im Jung-hoon

References

External links

Category:2012 films
Category:2010s science fiction films
Category:South Korean science fiction films
Category:South Korean zombie films
Category:Android (robot) films
Category:Impact event films
Category:Films about Buddhism
Category:South Korean anthology films
Category:Films set in the future
Category:Films set in Seoul
Category:Films directed by Yim Pil-sung
Category:Films directed by Kim Jee-woon
Category:Korean-language films
Category:Lotte Entertainment films


Amareleja

Amareleja ( or ) is a Portuguese civil parish of the municipality of Moura, in the district of Beja. The population in 2011 was 2,564, in an area of 108.56 km². Together with Athens, Seville, Cordoba, and Pachino, it is the hottest place in Europe during the summer (record high ).

History
Archeological vestiges from the Roman epoch are found in the north of the village until the margins of the River Ardila, but they suggest the fields of Amaraleja were occupied by various generations during the pre-history of the region. Antas (dolmens), burial tombs, wall paintings, flint implements, vestiges of metal smelting and Bronze Age tombs (carved into the hills) have been discovered by farmers or during road construction. Roman remnants include the pavements of buildings, circular burial tombs with bowls and fragments of bone, coins with the inscriptions of Emperor Claudius, roof tile, masonry and milling stones. In Barranco de Valtamujo there remains of a Roman bridge, that possibly connect to another along the Ardila River, and near the port of Castelo. This bridge provided a daily crossing for the residents along the margins of the Vale de Navarro, which is known for having many vestiges from antiquity.

During the reign of Sancho II, the municipal seat of Moura was conquered from the Moors, and a feudal seigneurial system was imposed in the region. Sancho relinquished the village to the Knights Hospitaller, who left their marks in the region of Amareleja  (including erecting their cross in some sites). Some of the early buildings were influenced by the Order and other high nobles, who sent their shepherds and herds to graze in this part of the Kingdom. Over time a small agglomeration began to form in the area called Montinha, in the place that was later known as aldeia velha (old farm).

By November 1481, in the Cortes of the city of Évora, the representatives of the people determined the need to create chapels and hospitals in various comarcas of the Kingdom. It was during this meeting that Mareleja began to receive religious attention, but few formal records after 1527 identify what became of these deliberations: it was referenced during King John III's census (1527), identifying a small agglomeration of 55 dwellings.

By the end of the 15th century the religious needs of these people led to the construction on Montinha of the Igrejinha de Santo António (in honour of Saint Anthony of Padua, who was considered the patron saint of cattle). By this time the village had already existed for approximately 500 year.

Parish records first identified the location as Amareleja in 1534. Until the present, there has been no firm explanation as to the name of this parish. On 10 April 1677, the parish priest, who published a book referring to the parish of Nossa Senhora de Concepsao de Marileiga. A similar document, dated 1 April 1695, also confirmed this designation and suggest a corruption of the original Marileiga. Another opinion, suggest that the settlement's name derived from the abundant yellow flowers in the region at the time, who the early settlers (likely from Beira Baixa) called Campo das Amarelas (). Finally, there also exist two properties between the village and the Spanish frontier that have the name Amarales and Amarela, and may have derived from these place names.

Amareleja was a victim of Spanish pillaging during the Restoration Wars; 300 mounted soldiers entered the village and sacked the homes, left, and returned later to re-sack the populace, which put up no resistance. A map from the 18th century, identifying the Alentejo campaigns during this period, shows the encounters between Spanish and Portuguese forces in Marilla (Amarelas) and Pedras, which were places near Amareleja. During one pastoral visit (29 June 1717) by Francisco Taborda described the local church as lacking ornamentation, following the Spanish invasions. Later, an order from the Bishop of Beja on 23 December 1773, to have records of baptisms and marriages sent to the bishopric: consequently, many of these books have disappeared. Many of the older documents from the parish, housed in the Torre do Tombo, refer to 1793.

After the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which affected most of the country to some degree, the local Matriz Church was damaged. Following these events, the Portuguese archbishopric petitioned Pope Benedict XIV to invoke Saint Francisco de Borja in Portugal's post disaster reconstruction, promising processions throughout the cities and towns in the Kingdom, on the second Sunday in November.

Amareleja ceased to belong to the jurisdiction of Évora on 23 August 1842 and began to pertain to the district of Beja.

On 4 April 1990, in decree 513/V, Amareleja was elevated to the status of village, although the population was less than the 3,000 residents required by law (2758). A parliamentary debate on 8 September suggested that the lack of voters was the result of carelessness on the part of the voters, during the survey. Finally, on 20 June 1991, the Parliament approved the change, and it was enacted on August 16.

Geography

Amaraleja is situated on the right margin of the Ardila River, in the extreme north of the municipality of Moura, not far from the Spanish border; it is surrounded west by the parishes of Santo Amador and Póvoa de São Miguel, southwest by Safara, southeast by the municipality of Barrancos (parish of Barrancos) and east by the municipality of Mourão (parish of Granja).

Architecture

Civic
 Bridge of Rio Ardila ()
 Bullring of Amareleja ()
 Casa do Povo of Amareleja ()
 Garden of Amareleja ()
 Mill of Água Novo ()
 Mill of Caveira ()
 Mill of Doutores ()
 Mill of Serralhão ()
 Mill of Vaca ()
 Mill of Viegas ()
 Mill of Volta ()
 Post of the Fiscal Guard of Amareleja ()
 Residence of Palmeira ()
 Roman bridge of Rio Ardila ()

Religious
 Chapel of Domingos Garcia ()
 Chapel of Santo António ()
 Chapel of São Vicente ()
 Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ()
 Church of Relógio ()
 Hermitage of Arrochais de Vale Navarro ()

References

Notes

Sources

Category:Parishes of Moura, Portugal


Vincent Mhlanga

Vincent Mhlanga is a Swazi politician who served as acting Prime Minister of Eswatini from September to October 2018. With a PhD in Finance, Mhlanga was a managing director at FINCORP, SIDC, and served on numerous boards. Most recently, Mhlanga was a managing director at the King’s Office.

Acting Prime Minister
On September 4, 2018, Prime Minister Barnabas Dlamini and his 18 cabinet ministers were relieved of their duties, in an announcement made by Attorney General Sifiso Khumalo on September 6. Mhlanga was named Acting Prime Minister and commenced his duties on September 7, and served until national elections scheduled for September 21.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Prime Ministers of Swaziland
Category:Politics of Eswatini