Elliott Stonecipher

Elliott Bond Stonecipher (born July 13, 1951) is a demographer, pollster, political analyst, civic activist, and public speaker based in his native Shreveport, Louisiana.

In 1980, he founded his company, Evets Management Services, Inc., which does polling person-to-person, by telephone, or mail on political, commercial, and public-policy subjects. He is a regular contributor to the blog, RealShreveport.

Background

Stonecipher is one of four children born in Shreveport, Louisiana to R. L. Stonecipher (1923-1973), a postal clerk who served in the United States Navy during World War II, and the former Elizabeth Jo Ann Holcombe (born 1925). In 1969, Stonecipher graduated from C. E. Byrd High School in Shreveport. Stonecipher attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, from which in 1973, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. In 1975, he earned a master's degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.

Briefly a schoolteacher, Stonecipher at the age of twenty-five took a position in Baton Rouge with the Louisiana Department of Education during the first term of superintendent J. Kelly Nix. He had worked on Nix's campaign. He was appointed as director of the state teacher certification.

After three years with Nix, Stonecipher established his own firm to become a campaign consultant and conducted public opinion polling. His firm specializes in demographic analyses for clients in the financial services industry. Stonecipher and his company also provide research in regard to change-of-venue studies in criminal cases, particularly those involving capital murder.

In 1981, Stonecipher was selected as "Small Businessman of the Year" by the Shreveport Chamber of Commerce. In 1987, he was named "Rising Young Business Leader" by the Shreveport Leadership Council.

Demographer and analyst

Stonecipher was a consultant to Governor Buddy Roemer, a Democrat-turned-Republican who served from 1988 to 1992.

For a time, Stonecipher worked for Roemer's Innovative Data Systems computer company. Early in 1980, Stonecipher explained the loyalty of northwest Louisiana voters to the Democratic Party despite the region having flirted with Republicans in state and national elections in 1964.
The lower- to middle-class voter looks across the spectrum, and he sees a candidate at least rhetorically tied to the 'little guy,' the blue collar worker. He looks the other way and sees a candidate supported by rich business and by what is called the country-club set. He's paying $1.20 a gallon for gasoline [then considered excessive by many] and reading about huge profits for the oil companies. One candidate has his children in public school, like he does, while the other one is paying hundreds of dollars a month to keep his children in private schools. ... In the emotional turmoil, the voter realizes there are the 'haves' and the 'have-nots', and he knows which one he is, and they feel drawn to stick with their own kind. ... It's not the individual candidates or what they believe, but the perception of the candidate the voters get - and that's based on the media representations of the candidates. Truth doesn't enter into it anymore.Even as most white conservatives in the state began to swing Republican in the early 21st century, Caddo Parish has remained one of the large Democratic outposts across the state.

For years Stonecipher has highlighted the problem of out-migration, with population losses following declines in the oil industry in the state, as well as the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Since the inauguration of Republican David C. Treen as governor in 1980, Louisiana's total population increase has been 9.4 percent, far below the national average of 38.6 percent. The state has lost two congressional districts during this time. The 2010 census was discouraging to Louisiana. "Even more startling is our comparison ... to other states in the South," said Stonecipher in regard to out-migration. Stonecipher criticized the Bobby Jindal administration for having misrepresented the effects of out-migration: They "cherry-picked estimates from federal surveys that ignore inconvenient details and disregard methodologies. They go dumpster-diving for talking points. Get you a stat [statistic] that you like that fits with your narrative and don't ever look back.”

In 2002, Stonecipher co-authored the final report of a government study into possible bio-terrorism attacks in the United States in the aftermath of 9-11. The study was published in Emerging Infectious Diseases magazine of the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia. Since Hurricane Katrina, Stonecipher has performed extensive pro bono work in regard to "good government" reforms and political ethics.

In 2012, Stonecipher wrote a column on continued public corruption in the decades since the July 1976 murder in Baton Rouge of his friend, Jim Leslie, a Shreveport public relations executive.  Stonecipher referred to the mid-1970s Shreveport Times investigation of George W. D'Artois, Public Service Commissioner, and said lines had led to Leslie and his work on the commissioner's 1974 campaign. According to Stonecipher, Leslie had told him that D'Artois tried to pay his fee with checks drawn on city funds, rather than the campaign account. Leslie allegedly said that D'Artois told him to cash the checks and not to testify to a grand jury. Leslie did testify earlier in 1976. Stonecipher said that he never doubted that Leslie's murder was a hit ordered by D'Artois, in retaliation. The former commissioner was arrested on first-degree murder charges in April 1977, but died during heart surgery in June 1977 and never faced trial. The case was never solved, although East Baton Rouge Parish police and Concordia Parish police had  arrested two other suspects in the case in April 1977.  Rusty Griffiths, the alleged hit man, was killed in Concordia Parish in 1976, shortly after Leslie's murder.

Stonecipher criticized the Jindal administration regarding its 2013 decision to turn over management of the LSU Medical Center in Shreveport, renamed University Health in 2013, and the E.A. Conway Medical Center in Monroe, to the Biomedical Research Foundation of Northwest Louisiana, which has no experience in hospital management. The president and CEO of the Biomedical Foundation, Dr. John Fisher George (born 1959), is a Jindal appointee to the LSU Board of Supervisors and contributed $10,000 to Jindal campaigns. Among the Biomedical Research Foundation trustees and a past chairman of the organization is industrialist Don Jones, who was from 1984 to 1989 the mayor of Bossier City.
Stonecipher termed the transfer of the two hospitals to the supervision of the Biomedical Foundation as secretive and politically tinged: "There is no transparency. None. Everything that's being done is being done in secret. That's not a way to build public confidence."

In a 2013 radio interview, Stonecipher characterized Shreveport as "a far less vibrant community" than neighboring Bossier City. He said that many lower-income Shreveport residents, who paid no property taxes, were dependent on public services, a situation less common in Bossier City. Stonecipher said that Bossier City economically resembles East Texas more than Shreveport, and that the latter has the highest property taxes in the state.

Stonecipher sometimes appears as a guest on the statewide radio talk show, The Moon Griffon Show. He has also been featured on National Public Radio, Garland Robinette's Think Tank program on WWL (AM) in New Orleans, and WJBO radio in Baton Rouge. His work has been published in American Banker, and the Wall Street Journal. He has also been a guest on CNN and the Fox News Channel.

Personal life

Stonecipher married the former Shari Robertson. They had a son together before their divorce.

Stonecipher has two brothers and a sister.

References

Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:American activists
Category:American demographers
Category:American political commentators
Category:American political consultants
Category:American columnists
Category:C. E. Byrd High School alumni
Category:Louisiana Tech University alumni
Category:Louisiana State University alumni
Category:Writers from Shreveport, Louisiana
Category:Businesspeople from Louisiana
Category:Pollsters
Category:Louisiana Independents


Franklin Henry Giddings

Franklin Henry Giddings (March 23, 1855 – June 11, 1931) was an American sociologist and economist.

Biography
Giddings was born at Sherman, Connecticut. He graduated from Union College (1877). For ten years he wrote items for the Springfield, Massachusetts Republican and the Daily Union. In 1888 he was appointed lecturer in political science at Bryn Mawr College; in 1894 he became professor of sociology at Columbia University. From 1892 to 1905 he was a vice president of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

His most significant contribution is the concept of the consciousness of kind, which is a state of mind whereby one conscious being recognizes another as being of like mind. All human motives organize themselves around consciousness of kind as a determining principle. Association leads to conflict which leads to consciousness of kind through communication, imitation, toleration, co-operation, and alliance. Eventually the group achieves a self-consciousness of its own (as opposed to individual self-consciousness) from which traditions and social values can arise.

In 1914 he became one of the inaugural Fellows of the American Statistical Association.

Works
 The Modern Distributive Process (in collaboration with J.B. Clark, 1888).
 The Theory of Sociology (1894).
 The Principles of Sociology (1896).
 The Theory of Socialization (1897).
 Elements of Sociology (1898).
 Democracy and Empire (1900).
 Inductive Sociology (1901).
 Descriptive and Historical Sociology (1906).

References

External links

 Works by Franklyn Henry Giddings, at Hathi Trust
 Works by Franklyn Henry Giddings, at Unz.org
 Interview on the economic aspects of the War by Edward Marshall, New York Times. Published January 9, 1915

Category:People from Sherman, Connecticut
Category:American political writers
Category:American male non-fiction writers
Category:American sociologists
Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Category:Presidents of the American Sociological Association
Category:Economists from New York (state)
Category:1855 births
Category:1931 deaths
Category:Union College (New York) alumni
Category:Mathematicians from New York (state)
Category:Economists from Connecticut


Electoral division of Stuart Park

Stuart Park was an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. One of the Legislative Assembly's original electorates, it was first contested at the 1974 election, and was abolished in 1983. It was named after the Darwin suburb of Stuart Park.

Members for Stuart Park

Category:Former electoral divisions of the Northern Territory


2007 Serbian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 21 January 2007 to elect members of the National Assembly. The first session of the new National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia was held on 14 February 2007. The elections enabled the coalition of DS; DSS & G17+ to continue.

Electoral system
The d'Hondt method was used to distribute parliamentary mandates following the election. Parties and coalitions had 10 days following the announcement of the final results to decide which candidates will take their allotted seats in parliament. Parties then had three months to negotiate a government.

Parties registering as ethnic minority parties (options 8, 10, 14, 17, 19 and 20) did not need to surpass the 5% threshold to gain seats in the parliament, but instead needed to pass a natural threshold at 0.4%. For the first time in a decade, Albanian parties from the Preševo Valley participated in the elections, but Kosovo Albanian parties continued their boycott of Serbian elections.

6,652,105 voters were eligible to vote, an increase of 14,000 voters when compared to the constitutional referendum held a few months before. 31,370 of the eligible voters were living abroad, and 7,082 were in prison. There were 8,441 ballot stations, 58 of which were abroad.

Campaign
Twenty party lists registered with the electoral commission before the deadline of 5 January 2007:
Democratic Party - its list also included the Sanjak Democratic Party, the Democratic League of Croats in Vojvodina and the People's Democratic Party of Vojvodina, a Bunjevci political party. Candidates on the list were members of national Councils of the Slovak and Bunjevci national minorities as well. It promised SDP up to six seats, three guaranteed in the election. It proposed members for all 250 seats, with Ružica Đinđić, widow of former Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić, as the first, followed by the party's head and President of Serbia Boris Tadić. The Party for Sanjak also supported this list. After winning 64 seats, it transferred 3 seats to SDP and 1 to DSHV, as per the agreement.
G17 Plus - led by Mlađan Dinkić
Liberal Democratic Party–Civic Alliance of Serbia–Social Democratic Union–League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina - the list also included prominent intellectuals of the Serbian society, including members of Christian Democratic Party of Serbia. The coalition leader was Čedomir Jovanović. Of its 14 seats, 5 went to LDP, 4 to GSS, 1 to GSS, which together formed a group with 1 from DHSS. LSV formed a separate parliamentary club with its 4 seats.
Serbian Radical Party - led by Vojislav Šešelj
Democratic Party of Serbia–New Serbia - the list also included United Serbia and Serbian Democratic Renewal Movement. It was led by Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica. Of the 47 seats won, 33 went to DSS, 10 to NS and 2 to each of SDPO and JS.
Strength of Serbia Movement - led by Bogoljub Karić
Serbian Renewal Movement - became a candidate party under on 4 December 2006 at 11:30am after accumulating 17,024 electoral signers. Headed by the temporary Minister of Foreign Affairs Vuk Drašković, it failed to pass the election threshold. The list included members of the Serbian List for the Return of Property, People's Peasant Party (of Marijan Rističević), Liberals of Serbia (represented by Radivoje Lazarević and Žarko Jokanović) and the Movement I Live for Krajina. The list's bearer is partial president Vuk Drašković followed by the vice-presidents of the party - Vlajko Senić, Srđan Srećković, Sanja Čeković, Žika Gojković and Mirko Čikiriz.
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians - led by József Kasza
Party of United Pensioners of Serbia–Social Democratic Party - the SDP of Nebojša Čović ran in the election together with PUPS led by Jovan Krkobabić. The Party of United Pensioners of Serbia was supposed to get the greatest share of the coalition's seats. The Socialist People's Party was on this list as well.
List for Sanjak - led by Sulejman Ugljanin, it included the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak  the Bosniak Democratic Party of Sandžak, the Reformist Party of Sanjak, the Social Liberal Party of Sandžak and the Social Democratic Party of Sanjak
Socialist Party of Serbia
Branko Pavlović — "Because it has to be better"
Vojvodina parties - led by Igor Kurjački, it included the Vojvodina Party, the Civic Movement of Vojvodina, Our Vojvodina, the Srem Party, the Party of small shareholders, pensioners, unemployed and the Party of Pensioners and Workers of Serbia.
Roma Union of Serbia - led by Rajko Đurić, it also included members of Vlachs of Democratic Serbia
Reformist Party - led by Aleksandar Višnjić
Democratic Community of Serbia - led by Obren Joksimović and supported by the Party of the Disabled
Albanian Coalition from Preševo Valley - a coalition of Riza Halimi's Democratic Action Party and Skender Destani's Democratic Union of the Valley, two local ethnic Albanian parties from the Preševo Valley. The other two regional Albanian national minority parties were previously a part of the coalition, but changed their opinions later and called on Preševan Albanians to boycott the elections.
Social Democracy - ran together with the Socialdemocratic Party, the Cultural Movement of Serbia and the Serbian Kosovo-Metohijan Party on its list, headed by Nenad Vukasović.
Coalition Hungarian Union - led by András Ágoston and Pál Sándor, and included the Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, the Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians and the 64 Counties youth movement.
Roma Party - led by Srđan Šajn

Slogans
The parties' campaign slogans for the 2007 election:

The change figure for the Democratic Party of Serbia/New Serbia list is in comparison to the 2003 result for the Democratic Party of Serbia; New Serbia was aligned to the Serbian Renewal Movement in 2003. The grouping headed by the Liberal Democratic Party is new: the Liberal Democratic Party split off from the Democratic Party in 2005; Civic Alliance of Serbia and the Social Democratic Union were part of the Democratic Party list in 2003; and the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina were in a list with the Alliance of Vojvodina Magyars in 2003. The Coalition List for Sandžak previously stood as part of the Democratic Party list.

Results
The Republican Electoral Commission finally published the final results after the repetition of voting in several places:

Reactions
Dutch foreign minister Ben Bot congratulated Boris Tadić with the result, stating "the fact that Mr. Tadić has doubled his position in the parliament is of great importance, since it means that the Serbian people value a "pro-European" course".
EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana stated "The majority voted for forces that are democratic and pro-European", continuing "I hope very much there will be a speedy formation of a government that will be on the line of "pro-European" forces."
German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said "The radicals got most votes but nevertheless two thirds of the seats in parliament will go to "democratic" forces."
Michael C. Polt, US ambassador to Serbia, congratulated Serbian people on results, stating that "the United States looks forward to continuing to work with you and your leadership as your country fulfills the promise of October 2000".
Jean Asselborn, Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg, stated that EU should show support to Serbia, after "democratic" forces won the elections, as NATO did when Serbia was invited to join "Partnership for Peace" despite not cooperating with the ICTY.
Sergey Baburin, Vice-president of the Russian State Duma stated “the parties to form the government will soon hear Martti Ahtisaari’s recommendations for the settlement of the Kosovo issue, and I deem their position unenviable. In my opinion, parties are making a big mistake by not letting Serbian Radicals partake in the government. Patriotic parties in Serbia are getting potentially stronger”.

References

External links
Republican Electoral Commission of the Republic of Serbia

2007
Category:2007 elections in Europe
Parliamentary election
Category:January 2007 events in Europe


Temco T-35 Buckaroo

The Temco T-35 Buckaroo (company designation TE-1) was designed in the late 1940s as an extremely low-cost trainer for commercial and military markets. Temco's failure to secure a United States Air Force order for the Buckaroo forced it to turn to non-U.S. governments to keep the production lines going, yet only a few export orders materialized.

Design and development
Early in 1948, Temco's president, Robert McCulloch, received an inquiry from the Philippine Government expressing an interest in a tandem trainer version of the Swift. The first TE-1A was a modification of the Swift GC-1B, hand-built to rough layout drawings, the major difference in appearance being the tandem seating arrangement which resulted in a narrow windshield and an elongated two-piece canopy with a fixed bubble at the rear. This TE-1A prototype was completed late in 1948. After initial flight tests a 145-hp Continental engine replaced the original 125-hp installation.

Early in 1949, Temco's management received word that the United States Air Force (USAF) planned to hold a competition for a new primary/basic trainer. Temco built two additional prototypes for this competition, adding some minor improvements as time permitted. The three aircraft were designated the YT-35 by the Air Force. Temco was competing with two other training aircraft, namely the Fairchild XNQ-1/T-31 and the Beechcraft Model 45. On 24 February 1949, the Air Force trainer evaluation board chose the Beech Model 45 by a four-to-one vote with Temco's TE-1A a distant third. Due to budget cuts, the USAF program was ultimately cancelled that year.

Although the USAF had decided against the TE-1A, interest had increased on the part of foreign governments, particularly the Republic of the Philippines. After a study of the competition evaluation, Temco decided to proceed with a program to improve the TE-1A. Some of the redesign included:
 A three-inch increase in the overall length of fuselage and a change in its cross section to be more compatible with the tandem seating.
 The horizontal tail was raised nine inches.
 Wing and fuselage fillets were added.
 Improved landing gear with main gear relocation to improve ground handling characteristics.
 Structural improvement in the wing to meet 9 G loading.
 Equipment and equipment installation changes were made including a change from a 12-volt to a 24-volt electrical system and radio installation changes to meet Air Force standards.

Concurrent with all this redesign, Temco had decided to build, on speculation, 10 of these production models powered by 145-hp engines.

Operational history
Late in 1949 with the engineering and tooling about 75% complete, three of the TE-1As redesigned YT-35 were entered in the revived USAF trainer competition commencing in 1950. An evaluation program using students flying competing aircraft would be held at Randolph Air Force Base. Following receipt of the USAF order, Temco decided that in addition to the extensive changes that had been made to the TE-1A, a 165-hp Franklin engine would be installed. The USAF agreed to the change, with this model designated the TE-1B and given the name “Buckaroo”. Development of the TE-1A and the TE-1B continued concurrently. The TE-1A was designated for export, and the TE-1B was for the USAF. One TE-1A was bought by the Israeli Air Force and a second one was bought by the Greek Air Force.

In July 1950, the three YT-35 Buckaroos were delivered to Randolph AFB to compete with the YT-34 Mentor, the Fairchild T-31, Boulton Paul Balliol, and the de Havilland DHC-1B Chipmunk trainers. Later in 1950, the Korean War disrupted many U.S. military programs, including the YT-35 evaluation. The aircraft ended up at James Connally Air Force Base, now called TSTC Waco Airport near Waco, Texas.

After 10 months of rigorous testing, the three YT-35s were returned to Temco in late July 1951, for factory overhaul. They then were assigned to Goodfellow Air Force Base where later all three were sold as surplus.

The majority of the TE-1Bs were sold to Saudi Arabia (designated T-35A) through the USAF under the Mutual Defense Aid Program. Temco's contract with the Saudis called for ten T-35A aircraft and enough spares to keep them flying for years. The Saudi Arabian T-35A aircraft included two 30-caliber machine guns, one mounted inside each wing and ten 2.75-inch rockets, five mounted under each wing.

Both Italy and Israel bought a single TE-1B Buckaroo in 1948. In 1950, the Israeli aircraft was evaluated against the Fokker Instructor and the DHC-1 Chipmunk for possible use as a trainer with the IAF flight school. Losing the competition, the single Buckaroo was retired in late 1950 or early 1951.

Variants
Model TE-1A
Company designation for the Franklin 6A4-165-B3 engined version, six built (including three as YT-35).
Model TE-1B
Company designation for the Continental C-145-2H engined version, ten built as the T-35A.
YT-35
Model TE-1A with Franklin 6A4-165-B3 engine for evaluation by the United States Air Force, three built.
T-35A
Model TE-1B delivered to Saudi Arabia under Mutual Defense Aid Program, ten built.

Operators

Greek Air Force – One aircraft only.

Israeli Air Force – One TE-1A for evaluation

Italian Air Force – One TE-1A only received in 1950

Royal Saudi Air Force – Ten T-35A

United States Air Force – Three YT-35s for evaluation

Survivors
One T-35A is on display in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Two T-35As recovered from a Saudi desert "boneyard" are owned by The International Swift Association  in Athens, Tennessee, USA. Currently five Buckaroos are registered in the United States.

Specifications (Temco Buckaroo TE-1B)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Andrade, John. U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Midland Counties Publications, 1979,
 Bridgman, Leonard (ed.). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54. London: Jane's, 1953.
 Dorr, Robert F. "Temco YT-35 Buckaroo Trainer." Aviation News Vol. 19, no. 18, January 1991.
 Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Aircraft of the World. London: Macdonald, 1955.

External links

 Pirep T-35 Buckaroo
 Temco YT-35 'Buckaroo'

T-35
Category:1940s United States military trainer aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Low-wing aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1948


1922 Norwegian local elections

Municipality elections were held in Norway in 1922.

Result of municipal elections
Results of the 1922 municipal elections. Results can only be given separately by rural areas and cities.

Cities

Rural areas

References

1922
Category:1922 elections in Europe
Category:1922 in Norway


Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi

Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi () (20 November 1903 – 22 January 1981) popularly known as I.H. Qureshi), SP, HI, was a Pakistani historian, scholar, writer, and a professor of political history, first at the University of the Punjab and then at the Karachi University. Apart from his work as an academic historian he was also a well-known playwright.

An early activist of the historic Pakistan Movement, Qureshi served in the ministries of education and frontier regions as the secretary; in addition, he was elected a member of the parliament of Pakistan. But, due to his association with academia, he resigned from his government appointments and joined the academic faculty at the Columbia University as a professor of South Asian history. But soon, he returned to Pakistan and founded the National Language Authority (NLA) in the 1970s and helped set up the History Department at the University of the Punjab. Later, Qureshi joined the faculty of history at the  University of Karachi where he remained there the remainder of his life. Qureshi is also credited for editing a four-volume series on history of Pakistan.

Biography

Early life and education

Qureshi was born on 20 November 1903 in a noble family of Patiyali, District Kasganj, a town in Uttar Pradesh, British India. He did matriculation in 1916, and joined Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College Aligarh. At this time, he took active part in Khilafat movement. He did graduation and M.A. in History from St. Stephen's College, Delhi with distinction. In 1927, he got M.A. in Persian. He served as Lecturer in History at St. Stephen's College from 1928 to 1944. Between 1937–40, he studied at Cambridge University for a PhD degree. The topic of his thesis was Administration of Sultanate of Delhi. During this period, he also briefly joined the Pakistan Movement founded by Choudhary Rahmat Ali.

After returning from England, he joined Delhi University where he was appointed Professor of History, and subsequently, the Dean of the Faculty of Arts. He also served as Acting Vice Chancellor of the Delhi University. In 1947, during the Partition riots, when the Muslim students of the St Stephen's College had to be evacuated to the Purana Qila, Dr Qureshi's library was completely burnt down by the mobs.

Career in Pakistan
After seeing suffering from riots, he migrated to Pakistan in 1948. There, he continued his academic and political career, and served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. In 1949, he was appointed Professor of History at the University of the Punjab, Lahore. He also joined the Government of Pakistan as Minister of Refugee Rehabilitation, and later as Minister of Education. Later on, he joined the Columbia University, New York where he wrote his famous book, the Muslim Community of the South Asia, as a story of the trials and tribulations of the Muslims in the South Asia. On his return, he played a pivotal role in the establishment of the University of Karachi and remained its Vice-Chancellor for many years. His opponents criticise I. H. Qureshi, also known as the father of Pakistani historiography, for promoting right-wing agenda-- a prominent scholar on ethnic-nationalities in Pakistan, Feroz Ahmed, writes: "One of the favourite right-wing 'scholars' of the ruling alliance, I. H. Qureshi, went to the extent of stating that Bengalis were a different (implying inferior) race than the West Pakistanis."

Memberships
He was:
 Member of the Indian as well as Pakistan Historical Records Commissions,
 Member of the Councils of the Indian and the Pakistan Institute of International Affairs,
 Member of the Executive Committees of the Indian History Conference and Pakistan History Society.
 Vice-President of the Pakistan History Society
 President of Pakistan Political Science Association.
 General President of Pakistan History Conference as well as Pakistan Political Science Conference.
 Director of the Central Institute of Islamic Research,
 Founding member of Urdu Language Authority Muqtadra Quami Zaban, and
 Vice-Chancellor of the University of Karachi (1961).

Political activities
 Elected to the Constituent Assembly of India, and then to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
 Between 1949–1954, he remained deputy minister, then minister of state and finally as minister with cabinet rank in Government of Pakistan.

Awards and recognition
 In recognition of his services, he was decorated with the order of Sitara-e-Pakistan (Star of Pakistan) by the President of Pakistan.
 On 20 November 2001, Pakistan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp in his name in its Men of Letters series
 The annual Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi Memorial Lecture continues to be organised by the History Society of St. Stephen's College.
 Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi was nominated as one of the founding members of Pakistan Academy of Letters in recognition of his services to Pakistani languages and literature.

Work
His books on the history of Muslim community in the South Asia as well as other publications on the Pakistan Movement, Administration of the Mughul Empire, role of religious scholars in politics, brought him into the category of the distinguished historians of South Asia. After retirement he associated with writing and research.

English titles of History Work
 Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi (1942)
 Ulema in Politics
 Akbar, the Architect of Mughal Empire
 Education in Pakistan
 The Administration of Mughal Empire
 The Struggle for Pakistan
 The Muslim community of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, 610–1947: a brief historical analysis.  Gravenhage, Mouton. 1962
 The History of the Freedom Movement
 A Short History of Pakistan (General Editor)
 The Religion of Peace (1930)
 A Nation Born of Sacrifice (co-authors Altaf Husain & General Muhammad Musa)

Urdu Work
 But Tarash
 Band Lifafa
 Katt Putlian
 Gunha ki Diwar
 Mitthai ki Tokri
 Moalim Aswad
 Mullah Aala
 Nafrat ka Beej
 Hamzaad
 Neem Shab
 Naqsh-e-Akhir

See also
 University of Karachi
 National Language Authority

References

External links
 Profile at Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (archived)

Category:1903 births
Category:1981 deaths
Category:Pakistani scholars
Category:Pakistani historians
Category:Muhajir people
Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni
Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Category:University of the Punjab faculty
Category:University of Karachi faculty
Category:Vice-Chancellors of the University of Karachi
Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
Category:Pakistan Movement activists
Category:Writers from Karachi
Category:People from Islamabad
Category:20th-century historians
Category:Urdu writers from Pakistan
Category:Urdu dramatists and playwrights
Category:Pakistani academics
Category:Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954


WCEH

WCEH may refer to:

 WCEH (AM), a radio station (610 AM) licensed to serve Hawkinsville, Georgia, United States
 WCEH-FM, a radio station (98.3 FM) licensed to serve Pinehurst, Georgia


Hans von Hallwyl (1433–1504)

"Hans von Hallwyl" redirects here. Not to be confused with the politician Hans von Hallwyl (1835–1909).
Hans von Hallwyl (c. 1433/1434, Kanton Aargau – 19 March 1504) was a Swiss army commander, most notable for his major part in the Old Swiss Confederacy's victory at the Battle of Morat on 22 June 1476. He also fought at Grandson on 2 March 1476 against the expansionist plans of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.

External links
 Hallwyl and Waldmann

Category:1433 births
Category:1504 deaths
Category:Swiss military personnel


Iftakar Chowdhury

Iftakar Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi-American film actor and director. He started his career as a director with Khoj: The Search. The film was released in 2010, and introduced new technologies in Dhallywood.

Early life and education
Chowdhury was born to a Bangladeshi parent but emigrated to the United States, settling in New York City. He completed his secondary education from La Guardia High School, later graduating from the College of Staten Island.

Career
He started his career with Khoj: The Search, which did well at the box office. His second movie was Dehorokkhi, starring Anisur Rahman Milon, Kazi Maruf, and Bobby, which was released in 2013. It was a success at the box office.

His third film, Agnee, released on 14 February 2014, became an all-time blockbuster. He has finished Bizli, Bangladesh's first super hero film shot in Iceland, Thailand, India and Bangladesh.

Filmography

As Director

As Actor

See also
 Dhallywood

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Male actors from New York City
Category:American people of Bangladeshi descent
Category:American male film actors
Category:American film directors
Category:Bangladeshi male film actors
Category:Bangladeshi film directors
Category:College of Staten Island alumni


Roberta Crenshaw

Roberta P. "Bobbie" Crenshaw (April 17, 1914 - February 8, 2005) was an American civic leader philanthropist and philanthropist. Crenshaw campaigned for over 60 years to preserve parkland in Austin, Texas and supported Austin-area cultural institutions.

Early life and education
Roberta Purvis was born in Little Rock, Arkansas on April 17, 1914.  She came to Austin, Texas in 1932 to attend the University of Texas. She graduated with a liberal arts degree and served the Zeta Tau Alpha sorority as president. She married cotton exporter and oilman Malcolm Hiram Reed, with whom she had two daughters. After his unexpected death in 1945, she married attorney Fagan Dickson, who she divorced in 1974. In 1975, she married lawyer Charles Edward Crenshaw, becoming stepmother to golfer Ben Crenshaw.

Career
Crenshaw was appointed by Austin City Council to the Parks Board in 1952, which was at that time under the Public Works Department. Crenshaw helped push for the parks department to be joined with the recreation department, and in 1963, the Austin Parks and Recreation Department was officially formed. Crenshaw served 12 years on the Parks Board, serving as chair from 1964-1969. In 1954, Crenshaw donated six acres of land to create Reed Park in Tarrytown.

In the 1960s, as chair of the Parks Board, she spearheaded the effort to create parkland and a trail surrounding Town Lake. Crenshaw, who purchased nearly 400 shrubs and trees to spur development of parks along the lakefront, helped recruit Lady Bird Johnson to boost funding and support for the lake's beautification projects. Crenshaw also formed a coalition to prevent private developers to bring amusement parks to the lake.

Crenshaw, while married to Fagan Dickson, owned a cattle farm in the East Riverside area called "Faro Farm". In 1973, the couple partnered with developers to redevelop the property into a large planned unit development called "The Crossing". Much of the development was not fully realized, and in 1984, Crenshaw donated more than  of the land to the City of Austin to create the Colorado River Park, later renamed Roy G. Guerrero Park.

In 1976, Crenshaw joined the board of a nonprofit group formed to save the Paramount Theatre, a building that she owned 50% of through a trust in her late husband's estate. Crenshaw donated her share to the nonprofit, who were able to secure funding to renovate the deteriorated theater.

Crenshaw raised funds to create the Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum, which opened in 1991. In the 1990s, Crenshaw fought to convince the Texas Department of Transportation to fund and construct a pedestrian walkway under the MoPac Expressway bridge across the Colorado River, which opened in 2004. Up until her death, Crenshaw fought a 20-year battle to prevent private development on the site of the Seaholm Power Plant, which was ultimately redeveloped.

Crenshaw was a founder and the first President of the Austin Ballet Society. She served as a trustee of the National Recreation and Park Association and was a member of the Heritage Society of Austin (now Preservation Austin), Austin
History Center, Symphony Orchestra Society, Women’s Symphony League, Laguna Gloria Art Museum, and the Texas Nature Conservancy. Crenshaw also served on the advisory board for the UT School of Architecture and was an honorary member of the Austin AIA chapter.

Legacy
On July 18, 2004, the Austin City Council voted to designate the MoPac pedestrian bridge the "Roberta Crenshaw Pedestrian Walkway", which was dedicated on April 18, 2005. A plaque at the north entrance to the bridge notes her contributions to Austin's parks and culture.

In 2016, the Paramount Theatre installed a life-size portrait of Crenshaw painted by Wayman Elbridge Adams, which formerly hung in her home.

References

Category:1914 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:American women philanthropists
Category:American women environmentalists
Category:People from Little Rock, Arkansas
Category:University of Texas at Austin  College of Liberal Arts alumni
Category:People from Austin, Texas
Category:20th-century philanthropists


Chesley Goseyun Wilson

Chesley Goseyun Wilson (born July 31, 1932, Bylas, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona, United States) is a maker and performer of the Apache fiddle, singer, dancer, medicine man, silversmith, former model, and actor. Wilson received the National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1989.

Early life
Chesley Goseyun Wilson was born on July 31, 1932 in the town of Bylas on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona.  His father, Nichol Wilson, was a medicine man and a rancher. His mother, Sarah Goseyun Wilson, died when Chesley was only two years old. Wilson is a descendant of Cochise, Eskiminzin, Santo and other noted Apache leaders. Because his father's work often required him to be on remote parts of the reservation, the pre-teen Wilson was raised by his grandfather and uncles, who were prominent musicians, singers, religious and medicine leaders of the Apache people. He learned about the making of the Apache violin and Apache flute from his uncle, Albert Goseyun. Wilson is the last active Apache violin maker descended from noted Apache musician Amos Gustina. As a teenager, he returned to the home of his father where he learned the skills of a horseman, first as a wrangler and later as a cowboy in roundups.

Career
In 1953, he was drafted by the US Army and served a two-year tour of duty in Korea, which exposed the young man to many experiences never possible when growing up on the reservation. After his discharge in 1955, he participated in a US government program for Native Americans where he trained as a silversmith and then worked for over twenty years in the San Francisco region and in Carson City, Nevada. He returned to Arizona in 1982.

While working as a silversmith and occasionally as a security guard, Wilson continued to make Apache violins in his free time, as well as striving "to keep other Apache crafts, customs, and ceremonies alive" which garnered his 1989 National Heritage Fellowship, the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. One of his art pieces is in the musical instruments collection in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. He also made a traditional Apache violin for the Governor's Art Awards in March 1991. In 1992, Wilson was named an Arizona Indian Living Treasure.

Wilson worked as a model for several years, working with artists Howard Terpning and Ray Manley. His photograph earned the cover of the July 1995 issue of Southwest Art magazine. He was also a model for the Wrangler Western Wear clothing line.

He has worked as an actor over the years, appearing in both credited and uncredited roles portraying Native Americans.

Wilson is an active member of the Apache Medicine Men Society, and often speaks to Apache youth about avoiding alcohol and drugs, and encourages them to incorporate traditional Apache ways into their lives.

Films

Actor
 Geronimo (1993 TV movie)
 Buffalo Soldiers (1997 TV movie)
 Skinwalkers (2002 TV movie)
 Rio de Oro (2010 film)
 12 Years a Slave (2013 film)
 The Revenant (2015 film)

Soundtrack
 12 Years a Slave (performer)
 The Revenant (songwriter and performer)

Publications
When the Earth Was Like New: Western Apache Songs & Stories (book with CD, 1994)

Discography
 Apache Eagle Dream (Eagle Clan Music)
 The Singing Winds (Eagle Clan Music)
 Wood That Sings: Indian Fiddle Music Of The Americas (Smithsonian Folkways CD SF 40472, 1997), contributing performer
 The Soundtrack Of A People: A Companion To The Encyclopedia Of Native Music (EMI Music Canada, 2005), contributing performer

References

External links

 Short biographical film about Wilson, including his military service in Korea
 The Apache Violin: Indigenous Violin Music in South and North America Jon Rose website, 2005

Category:1932 births
Category:Living people
Category:Apache people
Category:People from Graham County, Arizona
Category:21st-century American composers
Category:American silversmiths
Category:Indigenous American traditional healers
Category:Native American male artists
Category:Native American composers
Category:Native American male actors
Category:Native American male models
Category:Native American singers
Category:Luthiers
Category:National Heritage Fellowship winners
Category:United States Army soldiers
Category:Musicians from Arizona
Category:20th-century American composers


Kuza Biashara

Kuza Biashara is an organization offering small business learning, training and empowerment in Africa. The organization is based in Nairobi, Kenya. In July 2015 Kuza Biashara partnered with The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation (TCCAF) in an arrangement dubbed The YES Initiative to train 25,000 youths on best practices of entrepreneurship and self-improvement. A pilot project was rolled out in Kibra Slums of Nairobi County the same year.

Since 2012 Kuza Biashara has been part of the Kenya Top 100 initiative which is sponsored by Nation Media Group and KPMG East Africa among others.

The organization operates under the mantra of Learn, Connect and Grow.

Social Media Following
Kuza Biashara has developed a significantly large following on social media. Their blog has over 15,000 active subscribers and around 900,000 followers on Facebook as of August 2016. According to data from social media analytics and publishing company Socialbakers, Kuza Biashara is the brand with the second largest Facebook audience in Kenya after Safaricom (as of 15 August 2015).

References

Kuza Biashara Blog
Kuza Biashara Website
Daily Nation Newspaper Article of July 26, 2015
Coca Cola Press Release
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Press Release

Category:Youth organisations based in Kenya


Megachile sosia

Megachile sosia is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1970.

References

Sosia
Category:Insects described in 1970


Milefortlet 13

Milefortlet 13 was a Milefortlet of the Roman Cumbrian Coast defences. These milefortlets and intervening stone watchtowers extended from the western end of Hadrian's Wall, along the Cumbrian coast and were linked by a wooden palisade. They were contemporary with defensive structures on Hadrian's Wall. The exact location of Milefortlet 13 is unknown, although two of the nearby turrets (Towers 13A and 13B) have been located and excavated.

Description
Milefortlet 13 was situated on the coast between the villages of Blitterlees and Beckfoot, in the civil parish of Holme Low. The milefortlet has never been located, but its approximate position has been calculated from the positions of other Roman fortlets. Exploratory excavations were conducted in 1954 without finding any remains. A geophysical survey was conducted in 1994 with inconclusive results. However, the geophysical survey did locate a possible fortlet ditch (), and noted three parallel lines which might have been the ditches of the coastal defences.

Associated Towers
Each milefortlet had two associated towers, similar in construction to the turrets built along Hadrian's Wall.  These towers were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milefortlet, and would probably have been manned by part of the nearest Milefortlet's garrison.  The towers associated with Milefortlet 13 are known as Tower 13A () and Tower 13B ().

The site of Tower 13A was identified by excavation in 1954. The foundations of the tower were found, and were 3.75 metres square internally. Pottery fragments were found, and a coin of Hadrian. The remains of a modern dike cross the site. The site of Tower 13B is located in a field on high ground, and was excavated in 1880. The foundations were found 6 metres square externally, and 3.75 metres square internally. A few sherds of pottery were found. The 1880 excavations also uncovered a possible Roman pavement located between Tower 13A and Tower 13B.

References

External links

Category:Milecastles of Hadrian's Wall
Category:Roman sites in Cumbria


Armand Lavergne

Armand Renaud Lavergne,  or La Vergne (February 21, 1880 – March 5, 1935) was a Quebec lawyer, journalist and political figure. He represented Montmagny in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1904 to 1908 and as a Conservative member from 1930 to 1935. He represented Montmagny in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec as a Nationalist member from 1908 to 1916. His surname is given as "La Vergne" by some authoritative sources, including his National Assembly of Quebec biographical page, although these same sources spell his father's name as "Lavergne".

He was born in Arthabaska, Quebec in 1880, the son of Joseph Lavergne and Émilie Barthe, who was the daughter of Joseph-Guillaume Barthe. Lavergne studied at the Collège Sacré-Coeur at Arthabaska, the Séminaire de Québec, the University of Ottawa and Université Laval; he later studied in Paris. He articled in law, was called to the bar in 1903 and set up practice at Quebec City and then Montmagny. In 1903, he helped found the Ligue nationaliste canadienne. Lavergne directed Le Courrier at Montmagny and also contributed to Le Nationaliste, edited by Olivar Asselin, and Le Devoir, edited by Henri Bourassa.

He was elected to the House of Commons in a 1904 by-election and reelected in the general election later that year. He was expelled from the Liberal Party by Sir Wilfrid Laurier in 1907 and he resigned from his seat the following year to run for Ligue nationaliste canadienne in the 1908 Quebec election. He was elected to the legislative assembly along with Henri Bourassa and re-elected in the 1912 Quebec election; Lavergne served as the party's only member from 1912 until leaving office in the 1916 election.

In 1910, he was instrumental in achieving passage of what came to be known as the "Loi Lavergne", the first language legislation in Quebec, which required the use of French alongside English in tickets, documents, bills and contracts issued by transportation and public utility companies.

In 1904, he had married Georgette, the daughter of Philippe-Honoré Roy, a member of the Quebec assembly. He was named King's Counsel in 1918. He ran unsuccessfully as an independent candidate for a seat in the House of Commons in 1917 and 1921 before joining the federal Conservatives in 1925. He was deputy speaker and chairman of committees from 1930 to 1935. Lavergne also served as lieutenant-colonel in the militia.

Lavergne opposed the use of conscription during the First World War, was an ardent defender of French language rights outside of Quebec and lobbied for more French-Canadian participation in the federal civil service.

In 1935, he published an autobiography, Trente ans de vie nationale''.

Lavergne died in office at Ottawa in 1935 and was buried in Arthabaska, Quebec (today part of Victoriaville).

Parentage
Though never firmly proven, there is a substantial amount of conjecture that Armand Lavergne was the illegitimate son of Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier.  It was widely speculated that his mother, Émilie, had a long-standing extramarital affair with Laurier, her husband's law practice partner.  Photographs of a young Armand bear an uncanny facial resemblance to Laurier.

References

External links

Entry in Canadian Encyclopedia

Category:1880 births
Category:1935 deaths
Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Category:Members of the National Assembly of Quebec
Category:Canadian Queen's Counsel


John DeFrancis

John DeFrancis (August 31, 1911January 2, 2009) was an American linguist, sinologist, author of Chinese language textbooks, lexicographer of Chinese dictionaries, and Professor Emeritus of Chinese Studies at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa.

Biography
John DeFrancis was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut in a family of modest Italian immigrant origins. His father, a laborer (who changed his name from DeFrancesco), died when DeFrancis was a young child. His mother was illiterate.

After graduating from Yale University in 1933 with a B.A. in economics, DeFrancis sailed to China with the intent of studying Chinese and working in business. In 1935, he accompanied H. Desmond Martin, a Canadian military historian, on a several-thousand-mile trip retracing the route of Genghis Khan through Mongolia and northwestern China. His book In the Footsteps of Genghis Khan (University of Hawai'i Press, 1993) describes this journey riding camels across the Gobi Desert, visiting the ruins of Khara-Khoto and rafting down the Yellow River. Along the way, he met the Chinese Muslim Ma Clique warlords Ma Buqing and Ma Bukang. DeFrancis returned to the United States in 1936 and did not visit China again until 1982.

DeFrancis began graduate studies in Chinese, first at Yale under George A. Kennedy and then at Columbia University due to Columbia's larger graduate program in Sinology. He received an M.A. from Columbia in 1941, then a Ph.D. in 1948 with a dissertation entitled "Nationalism and Language Reform in China", which was published by Princeton University Press in 1950. He began his academic career teaching Chinese at Johns Hopkins University during the period of McCarthyism and the Red Scare, but was blacklisted for defending his colleague Owen Lattimore from unsubstantiated allegations of being a "Russian spy." DeFrancis eventually returned to teaching, notably at Seton Hall University from 1947 to 1954, and the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa from 1966 to 1976. In the 1960s, at the request of John B. Tsu, he wrote a 12-volume series of Mandarin Chinese textbooks and readers published by Yale University Press (popularly known as the "DeFrancis series"), which were widely used in Chinese as a foreign language classes for decades; DeFrancis was one of the first educators outside China to use pinyin as an educational aid, and his textbooks are said to have had a "tremendous impact" on Chinese teaching in the West. He served as Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Oriental Society from 1950 to 1955 and the Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association from 1966 to 1978.

DeFrancis retired from teaching in 1976, but remained an important figure in Chinese language pedagogy, Asian sociolinguistics, and language policy, as well as a prolific author. One of his most well-known books, The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (University of Hawai'i Press, 1984) attempts to debunk a number of what DeFrancis considered "widespread myths" about the language—including, for instance, what he referred to as "The Ideographic Myth." Another influential work of his was Visible Speech: The Diverse Oneness of Writing Systems (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1989), which addressed more myths about the Chinese writing system, and has been called his "magnum opus" by colleague Victor H. Mair.  DeFrancis spent his final years diligently working as Editor in Chief of the "ABC (Alphabetically Based Computerized) series" of Chinese dictionaries, which feature innovative collation by the pinyin romanization system.

DeFrancis died on 2 January 2009, in Honolulu, Hawaii, at the age of 97.

Works

John DeFrancis was the author and editor of numerous publications. See Mair 1991 (pages vii-ix) for a partial list.

The "DeFrancis series"
Textbooks (Yale Language Series, Yale University Press):
Beginning Chinese (1963). 2nd revised edition, 1976. .
Character Text for Beginning Chinese (1964). 2nd edition, 1976. .
Beginning Chinese Reader (Parts I and II) (1966) .
Intermediate Chinese (1964) .
Character Text for Intermediate Chinese (1965) .
Intermediate Chinese Reader (Parts I and II) (1967) Part 1: . Part 2: .
Advanced Chinese (1966) .
Character Text for Advanced Chinese (1966) .
Advanced Chinese Reader (1968) .
Index Volume (1968)
Annotated Quotations from Chairman Mao (1975) .

Supplementary series
Accompanying Supplementary Readers for the Intermediate Chinese Reader, (Yale University Press, 1976):
 Volume I: The White Haired Girl by Chi-Yu Ho. .
 Volume II: The Red Detachment of Women by Chi-Yu Ho. .
 Volume III: Episodes From the Dream of the Red Chamber by Louise H. Li. .
 Volume IV: Sun Yat-sen by Yung Teng Chia-Yee. .
 Volume V: Wu Song Kills a Tiger by Yung Teng Chia-Yee. .

Books and monographs
"The Prospects for Chinese Writing Reform", Sino-Platonic Papers No. 171, 2006
In the Footsteps of Genghis Khan (University of Hawaii Press, 1993) , .
Visible Speech: The Diverse Oneness of Writing Systems (University of Hawaii Press, 1989) .
The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (University of Hawaii Press, 1984) .
Colonialism and Language Policy in Vietnam (Contributions to the Sociology of Language, Nr. 19, Mouton, 1977) .
Things Japanese in Hawaii (University of Hawaii Press, 1973) .
Chinese-English Glossary of the Mathematical Sciences (American Mathematical Society, 1964)
Chinese Social History, by E-tu Zen and John DeFrancis (American Council of Learned Societies, 1956)
Bibliography on Chinese Social History, by E-tu Zen and John DeFrancis (Yale University, Far Eastern Publications, 1952)
Talks on Chinese History (with Elizabeth Jen Young) (Far Eastern Publications, 1952)
Report of the Second Round Table Meeting on Linguistics, Language Teaching Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics, No. 1 (Georgetown University Press, 1951)
Nationalism and Language Reform in China (Princeton University Press, 1950; reprinted Octagon Books, 1975) .
Chinese Agent in Mongolia, translated from the Chinese of Ma Ho-t'ien (Johns Hopkins Press, 1949)

Dictionaries
Editor of bilingual Chinese dictionaries (University of Hawai'i Press), which are used as databases for software such as Wenlin:
ABC Chinese-English Dictionary (1996, pocket edition 1999) .
ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (2003) .
ABC Chinese-English/English-Chinese Dictionary (2010)

Reviews

References

Works cited

Further reading
Mair, Victor H., ed. Schriftfestschrift: Essays on Writing and Language in Honor of John DeFrancis on His Eightieth Birthday, Sino-Platonic Papers #27, August 1991. (PDF)

External links

 John DeFrancis biography, Wenlin Institute
 Contents and excerpt from The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy, Pinyin.info
 John DeFrancis page, University of Hawai'i at Manoa
 John DeFrancis' acceptance speech for the Walton Lifetime Achievement Award of the Chinese Language Teachers Association in 1998.
 John DeFrancis Memorial 1911-2009
 Andrew Leonard: A name China scholars will remember Salon, Jan. 8, 2009.
 Remembering John DeFrancis The China Beat (blog). 1/21/2009.

Category:American sinologists
Category:1911 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Linguists from the United States
Category:People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Category:University of Hawaii faculty


Saint Felix School

Saint Felix School is a 2–18 mixed, independent, day and boarding school in Reydon, Southwold, Suffolk, England. It was founded in 1897 as a girls' school by Margaret Isabella Gardiner.

By September 1902, the present site of the school had been purchased and the first four boarding houses and teaching block completed. In 1910, the Gardiner Hall, Library, and Clough House were built. The school accommodates babies and toddlers in the St Felix Nursery, and children up to the age of 18 in the Sixth Form. The school offers boarding throughout the term, weekly, or 'flexi' boarding. The current head is Mr James Harrison.

Notable alumni

 Jane Benham MBE – played a significant role in preserving Thames sailing barges
 Dorothea Braby – artist and illustrator
 Natalie Caine – woodwind player
 Constance Coltman – the first woman ordained to Christian ministry in Britain
 Nora David, Baroness David, politician and life peer
 Nick Griffin – Former BNP leader and MEP for North West England (1999–2014)

 Lilias Rider Haggard MBE, daughter of Sir Henry Rider Haggard and an author in her own right
 Norman Heatley – biochemist
 Emily Beatrix Coursolles Jones – novelist
 Nancy Lyle – tennis player
 Violet Helen Millar, later Countess Attlee, wife of Clement Attlee
 Mother Maribel of Wantage – Anglican nun and artist
 Anna Russell – singer and comedian
 Enid Russell-Smith DBE – civil servant
 Mary Snell-Hornby – translation scholar
 Constance Tipper – metallurgist and crystallographer
 Hannah Waterman – actress
 Phyllis Gardner – artist and dog breeder
 Stella Browne – feminist and abortion law reformer
 Katherine Laird Cox – model, magistrate

Notable staff
 Anne Mustoe, headmistress from 1978 to 1987

See also
 List of schools in Suffolk

References

External links

 Profile on the ISC website

Category:Independent schools in Suffolk
Category:Boarding schools in Suffolk
Category:Educational institutions established in 1897
Category:1897 establishments in England
Category:Reydon


István Fülöp

István Fülöp (born 4 May 1958) is a Hungarian politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Mátészalka (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Constituency IX) between 2002 and 2014.

He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) until 2004 when expelled from the party along with other members of the Lakitelek Group led by Sándor Lezsák. They founded the National Forum which alliance with the Fidesz in that year. Fülöp, later, joined Fidesz in 2005. He was the President of the Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg county government from 2006 to 2008.

Personal life
He is married. His wife is Judit Fülöpné Kecskés. They have two sons, Arnold and Ákos.

References

Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Category:Hungarian Democratic Forum politicians
Category:Fidesz politicians
Category:Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2002–2006)
Category:Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2006–2010)
Category:Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2010–2014)
Category:People from Vásárosnamény


List of Australian flags

This is a list of flags of different designs that have been used in Australia.

National flags

Personal flags

Sovereign

Governor-General

State Governors

Prime Minister

States and territories

States

Mainland territories

External territories

Civil ensigns

Australian Defence Force

Royal Australian Navy

Royal Australian Air Force

Australian Border Force
The department names of Australia's border protection service have slightly changed over time, they are as follows;
 Department of Trade and Customs (1 January 1901 – 1956)
 Department of Customs and Excise (1956–1975)
 Department of Police and Customs (1975–1975)
 Department of Business and Consumer Affairs (1975–1982)
 Department of Industry and Commerce (1982–1984)
 Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce (1984–1985)
 Australian Customs Service (1985–2009)
 Australian Customs and Border Protection Service (2009–2015)
 Australian Border Force (2015–Present)

Federal and state police

Cities and areas

Religious flags

Historical flags

Sporting flags

See also

 List of proposed Australian flags
 Advance Australia Fair
 Australian flag debate
 Flag of New Zealand

Notes

References

Australia

Flags


Hanover Finance

Hanover Finance was a New Zealand non-bank finance company that focused on lending for high-risk property development that failed in 2010 under the leadership of Mark Hotchin.  At the time of its failure it was the largest finance company in New Zealand. The Hanover Group also had interests in property and was responsible for developing Matarangi Beach Estates and golf course, and acquired completed lots at the Jacks Point property sub-division in Queenstown. The Group also had property and finance interests in Australia.

History
Mark Hotchin and business partner Eric Watson bought Elders Finance in 1999. Elders, and a number of other finance companies, were brought together to create Hanover Group. With $650 million in assets, this was New Zealand's third largest finance company at the time. In 2007, Forbes listed Hotchin and Watson as the 33rd and 34th richest people in New Zealand and Australia.

Hotchin's interests ranged outside the traditional finance company model. In 2003 Hotchin through the Hanover Group bought a 10% stake in Tower, a large fund management and insurance business. Hanover wanted a better deal for investors and forced Tower and owners GPG to review the capital raising and underwrite deal they had agreed.

In 2007 Hanover Group made an after tax profit of $105m. Controversially Hanover Finance paid NZ$45.5 million in dividends to Hotchin and Watson in the year ending 30 June 2008. Much of these dividends were then reinvested back into the company to reduce related party transactions, which at the time were around 14% of the loan book.

Start of decline 2008
As a result of the continuing worsening global financial crisis in July 2008 Hanover Finance and United Finance froze repayments of NZ$554 million owed to 36,500 investors. After a vote over 85% of investors agreed to a debt repayment plan for the return of their capital over a 5-year time scale, predicated on the recovery of the New Zealand property market. Hotchin and Watson pledged a property, benefits and cash package worth up to $96m to investors as part of the deal. By November 2009 accountancy firm PwC estimated that the package had fallen in value to between $36 million and $56 million, due to a fall in property prices. Over the first year of the debt repayment plan, six cents in the dollar was repaid to investors, however the property market had continued to worsen and it appeared the company was heading for receivership.

In 2009 Hanover was approached by Allied Farmers to buy the assets of Hanover Finance and United Finance, effectively held in limbo by the repayment plan. In December 2009 Hanover Group debenture holders, note holders and bond holders were given another opportunity to vote for receivership or for the new plan with Allied. 75% voted in favour of swapping their debentures, notes and bonds for shares in Allied Farmers Limited. This transaction resulted in Allied Farmers assuming the net asset position of the Hanover Group finance companies.

Failure
Allied Farmers put their finance company Allied Nationwide into receivership on 20 August 2010 and as at March 2011 shares in were worth only a fraction of what they were traded for.

Aftermath
In late December 2011, the Financial Markets Authority (FMA) announced that it proposed to file civil proceedings against the directors and promoters of Hanover Finance Limited and other companies relating to statements made in the December 2007 prospectuses and subsequent advertisements.

As a result of the FMA's announcement former Hanover Finance's chairman Greg Muir issued a media statement saying that "the FMA investigators were given a substantial amount of evidence demonstrating that the directors conducted themselves responsibly, with appropriate rigour, and made judgments they believed were in the best interests of the company and its investors on the information available to them at the time."

In December 2012, the remaining property assets of Hanover and United Finance (with a book value of $13.5 million) were transferred from Allied Farmers to Crown Asset Management, the entity set up to hold assets from failed finance companies backed by the Government's deposit guarantee.

See also
 Finance company collapses, 2006-12 (New Zealand)

References

Category:Financial services companies established in 1999
Category:Financial services companies disestablished in 2010
Category:Financial services companies of New Zealand
Category:Defunct companies of New Zealand
Category:Companies based in Auckland
Category:1999 establishments in New Zealand
Category:2010 disestablishments in New Zealand


List of Filipino sportspeople

This is a list of notable Filipino athletes.

Alpine Skiers

 Michael Teruel
 Abel Tesfamariam

American Football
 Tim Tebow

Archery

 Marvin Agustin
 Rachel Cabral
 Jasmin Figueroa
 Mark Javier
 Luis Gabriel Moreno

Auto Racing

 Marlon Stöckinger

Badminton

 Annelyn Alba
 Kennevic Asuncion
 Conrado Co
 Philip Joper Escueta
 Peter Gabriel Magnaye
 Cirnin Jay Guboc

Baseball

 Benny Agbayani
 Chris Aguila
 Bobby Balcena
 Jason Bartlett
 Bobby Chouinard
 Tim Lincecum
 Ryuya Ogawa
 Clay Rapada
 Addison Russell

Basketball

 Johnny Abarrientos
 Calvin Abueva
 Bogs Adornado
 Japeth Aguilar
 Ato Agustin
 Jimmy Alapag
 Louie Alas
 Raymond Almazan
 Marlou Aquino
 Ryan Araña
 Francis Arnaiz
 Nelson Asaytono
 Kurt Bachmann
 Juneric Baloria
 Narciso Bernardo
 Ricardo Brown
 Mary Ellyn Caasi
 Alex Cabagnot
 Mark Caguioa
 Allan Caidic
 Hector Calma
 Dionisio Calvo
 Ramoncito Campos
 JV Casio
 Jayson Castro
 Philip Cezar
 Jeff Chan
 Atoy Co
 Jerry Codiñera
 Baby Dalupan
 Gary David
 Ranidel de Ocampo
 Aric del Rosario
 Jared Dillinger
 Kenneth Duremdes
 Valentin Eduque
 Bernie Fabiosa
 Felicisimo Fajardo
 June Mar Fajardo
 Ramon Fernandez
 Kevin Ferrer
 Danny Florencio
 Yeng Guiao
 Abet Guidaben
 Jayjay Helterbrand
 Vince Hizon
 Clifford Hodge
 Dondon Hontiveros
 Freddie Hubalde
 Danny Ildefonso
 J.C. Intal
 Robert Jaworski
 Manuel Jocson
 Douglas Kramer
 Marcio Lassiter
 Jojo Lastimosa
 Paul Lee
 Lim Eng Beng
 Samboy Lim
 Jun Limpot
 Joe Lipa
 Carlos Loyzaga
 Chito Loyzaga
 Chris Lutz
 Ronnie Magsanoc
 Tommy Manotoc
 Vergel Meneses
 Eric Menk
 Willie Miller
 Mucha Mori
 Lauro Mumar
 Gabe Norwood
 Edgardo Ocampo
 Ambrosio Padilla
 Manny Paner
 Benjie Paras
 Bobby Ray Parks, Jr.
 Alvin Patrimonio
 Marc Pingris
 Leo Prieto
 Olsen Racela
 Ignacio Ramos
 Bong Ravena
 Kiefer Ravena
 Chot Reyes
 Jeth Troy Rosario
 Chris Ross
 Arwind Santos
 Nico Salva
 Lou Salvador
 Danny Seigle
 Anthony Semerad
 David Semerad
 Dante Silverio
 Greg Slaughter
 Alfonso Solis
 Erik Spoelstra
 Asi Taulava
 Moala Tautuaa
 Jeric Teng
 Jeron Teng
 LA Tenorio
 Juami Tiongson
 Chris Tiu
 Sonny Thoss
 Ronald Tubid
 Jong Uichico
 Turo Valenzona
 Freddie Webb
 Kelly Williams
 James Yap
 Andray Blatche

Bowling

 Olivia "Bong" Coo
 Lita de la Rosa
 Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno
 Biboy Rivera
 Markwin Tee

Boxing

 AJ Banal
 Rey Bautista
 John Riel Casimero
 Denver Cuello
 Nonito Donaire
 Gabriel Elorde
 Ceferino Garcia
 Luisito Espinosa
 Rey Fortaleza
 Mercito Gesta
 Sonny Boy Jaro
 Rolando Navarrete
 Donnie Nietes
 Dodie Boy Peñalosa
 Gerry Peñalosa
 Bobby Pacquiao
 Manny Pacquiao
 Rudy Salud
 Marvin Sonsona
 Onyok Velasco
 Roel Velasco
 Brian Viloria
 Pancho Villa
 Gretchen Abaniel
Benjamin ledesma gan(small Montana)

Chess

 Mark Paragua
 Eugenio Torre
 Wesley So

Cycling

 Norberto Arceo
 Christopher Caluag
 Daniel Caluag
 Benjamin Evangelista
 Rolando Guaves
 Maximo Junta
 Daniel Olivares
 Cornelio Padilla
 Arturo Romeo
 Roberto Roxas

Equestrian

 Mikee Cojuangco

eSports

 Abed Azel L. "Abed" Yusop
 Carlo "Kuku" Palad
 Djardel Jicko B. "DJ" Mampusti
 Fernando "Nando" Mendoza
 James "James" Palatolon John
 Jimmy "DeMoN" Ho
 Kimuel "Kim0" Rodis
 Marc Polo "Raven" Luis Fausto
 Nico "eyyou" Barcelon
 Ralph Richard "RR" Peñano
 Ryan Jay 'Raging-_-Potato' Qui
 Ryo "ryOyr" Hasegawa
 Sam "Sam_H" Enojosa Hidalgo
 Timothy John "Tims" Randrup

Fencing

 Francisco Dayrit Sr.

Figure Skating

 Amanda Evora
 Michael Christian Martinez

Football/soccer

 Amani Aguinaldo
 David Alaba
 Paulino Alcántara
 Rodolfo Alicante
 Marwin Angeles
 Ian Araneta
 Misagh Bahadoran
 David Basa
 Buda Bautista
 Alexander Borromeo
 Henry Brauner
 Nate Burkey
 Dennis Cagara
 Emelio Caligdong
 Jose Ariston Caslib
 Jeffrey Christiaens
 Heather Cooke
 Kenshiro Daniels
 Jonathan De Guzman
 Jason de Jong
 Carli de Murga
 Anton del Rosario
 Armand Del Rosario
 Maria dela Cruz
 Patrick Deyto
 Curt Dizon
 Ruben Doctora
 Jimmy Doña
 Neil Etheridge
 Dave Fegidero
 Norman Fegidero
 Roel Gener
 Rob Gier
 Ali Go
 Alfredo Razon Gonzalez
 Chad Gould
 Christopher Greatwich
 Phil Greatwich
 Simon Greatwich
 Chad Gould
 Ángel Guirado
 Juan Luis Guirado
 Leigh Gunn
 Mark Hartmann
 Matthew Hartmann
 Joana Houplin
 Patrice Impelido
 Ray Anthony Jónsson
 Virgilio Lobregat
 Jerry Lucena
 Lexton Moy
 Paul Mulders
 Roland Müller
 Ernest Nierras
 Samantha Nierras
 Nick O'Donnell
 Demitrius Omphroy
 Satoshi Otomo
 Manuel Ott
 Inna Palacios
 Marisa Park
 Javier Patiño
 Gino Pavone
 Marlon Piñero
 OJ Porteria
 Patrick Reichelt
 Simone Rota
 Jason Sabio
 Eduard Sacapaño
 Daisuke Sato
 Stephan Schröck
 Jesse Shugg
 Álvaro Silva
 Martin Steuble
 Yuji Takahashi
 Junichi Tanaka
 Tomas Trigo
 Yannick Tuason
 Sebastian Ugarte
 Mark Villon
 Camille Wilson
 Denis Wolf
 James Younghusband
 Phil Younghusband

Frisbee

 Derek Ramsay

Golf

 Dorothy Delasin
 Frankie Miñoza
 Jennifer Rosales

Gymnastics

 Bea Lucero

Karate

 Gretchen Malalad

Mixed Martial Arts

 Eduard Folayang
 Mark Muñoz
 Brandon Vera
 Amado Benito Jr.
 Rolando Dy

Motorsport

 Maico Buncio

Pool and snooker

 Ronato Alcano
 Django Bustamante
 Rodolfo Luat
 Marlon Manalo
 Dennis Orcullo
 Alex Pagulayan
 Jose "Amang" Parica
 Efren "Bata" Reyes

Professional Wrestling

 Dave Batista
 Zema Ion
 T.J. Perkins
 Syuri

Rugby football

 Kevin Gordon
 Gareth Holgate
 Michael Letts
 Expo Mejia
 David Robinson-Polkey
 Matthew Saunders
 Oliver Saunders
 Matt Srama
 Eric Tai
 Jake Ward
 Kenneth West
 Andrew Wolff

Skateboarding

 Sean Malto

Sports Shooting

 Eric Ang
 Enrique Beech
 Félix Cortes
 Jethro Dionisio
 Martin Gison
 Otoniel Gonzaga
 César Jayme
 Paul Brian Rosario
 Albert von Einsiedel

Sumo Wrestling

 Masunoyama Tomoharu

Swimming

 Jasmine Al-Khaldi
 Ryan Arabejo
 Eric Buhain
 Dionisio Calvo
 Daniel Coakley
 Enchong Dee
 Christine Jacob
 Jessie Lacuna
 Agapito Lozada
 Miguel Mendoza
 Miguel Molina
 Gerardo Rosario
 Christel Simms
 Akiko Thomson
 Teófilo Yldefonso
 James Walsh

Table Tennis

 Ian Lariba

Taekwondo

 Japoy Lizardo
 Monsour del Rosario
 Toni Rivero
 Tshomlee Go
 Donnie Geisler

Tennis

 Nino Alcantara
 Felicisimo Ampon
 Johnny Arcilla
 Marian Capadocia
 Dyan Castillejo
 Raymundo Deyro
 Ruben Gonzales
 Treat Conrad Huey
 Katharina Lehnert
 Cecil Mamiit
 Eric Taino
 Manny Tolentino

Track & Field

 Alejo Alvarez
 Hector Begeo
 Trenten Beram
 Eduardo Buenavista
 David Bunevacz
 Fortunato Catalon
 Eric Cray
 Henry Dagmil
 Lydia de Vega
 Isidro del Prado
 Andres Franco
 Lerma Gabito
 David Nepomuceno
 Genaro Saavedra
 Juan Taduran
 Simeon Toribio
 Miguel White
 Regino Ylanan
 Simeon Toribio

Triathlete

 Rudy Fernandez

Volleyball

 Teresita Abundo
 Rongomaipapa Amy Ahomiro
 Fille Cainglet
 Rachel Anne Daquis
 Ella de Jesus
 Rhea Katrina Dimaculangan
 Jem Ferrer
 Victonara Galang
 Dzi Gervacio
 Jovelyn Gonzaga
 Michele Gumabao
 Gretchen Ho
 Denden Lazaro
 Aby Maraño
 Aiza Maizo-Pontillas
 Jia Morado
 Mika Reyes
 Cristina Salak
 Aleona Denise Santiago
 Charo Soriano
 Maria Paulina Soriano
 Maria Angeli Tabaquero
 Alyssa Valdez
 Jethro Jacob Candelon Zulueta

Wushu

 Amado Benito Jr.
 Mark Eddiva

See also
 List of Filipino American athletes


Abel Pêra

Abel Pêra (16 November 1891 – 27 September 1975) was a Portuguese actor based in Brazil. He was brother of the Portuguese actor Manuel Pêra.

Filmography
 Com as Calças na Mão (1975)
 Toda Nudez Será Castigada (1973)
 O Descarte (1973)
 A Filha de Madame Betina (1973)
 Eu Transo, Ela Transa (1972)
 Revólveres Não Cospem Flores (1972)
 As Quatro Chaves Mágicas (1971)
 O Enterro da Cafetina (1971)
 Vida e Glória de um Canalha (1970)
 A Penúltima Donzela (1969)
 O Bravo Guerreiro (1969)
 As Duas Faces da Moeda (1969)
 Enfim Sós...Com o Outro (1968)
 O Homem que Comprou o Mundo (1968)
 Pintando o Sete (1960)
 O Homem do Sputnik (1959)
 De Vento em Popa (1957)
 Maior Que o Ódio (1951)
 O Falso Detetive (1951)
 O Cortiço (1945)
 Romance de um Mordedor (1944)
 Samba em Berlim (1943)
 A Sedução do Garimpo (1941)
 Entra na Farra (1941)
 Cisne Branco (1940)
 E o Circo Chegou (1940)
 Onde Estás Felicidade? (1939)
 Está Tudo Aí (1939)
 Maridinho de Luxo (1938)
 João Ninguém (1936)
 O Crime dos Banhados (1914)

External links

Category:1891 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:People from Oliveira de Azeméis
Category:Portuguese male film actors
Category:Portuguese emigrants to Brazil


17th Training Wing

The 17th Training Wing (17 TRW) is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Education and Training Command Second Air Force. It is stationed at Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas. The wing is also the host unit at Goodfellow.

The wing is responsible for the training of intelligence personnel in all the branches of the armed forces, as well as firefighters and a few other specialties.

Its 17th Training Group is a successor of the 17th Pursuit Group, one of the 15 original combat air groups formed by the Army before World War II, which later became the 17th Bombardment Group (Medium) and provided the crews and aircraft for the Doolittle Raid.

The 17th Training Wing is commanded by Colonel Andres Nazario. Its Command Chief Master Sergeant Lavor Kirkpatrick.

Mission
Stood up as a non-flying wing on 1 July 1993.  Its mission is to train intelligence personnel in all the branches of the armed forces, as well as firefighters and a few other specialties.  The wing trains Air Force enlisted intelligence, cryptology and linguist AFSCs 1N0, 1N1, 1N2, 1N3, 1N4, 1N5, 1A8, Air Force intelligence officer AFSC 14N, and military firefighters from all branches. Many corresponding Army, Navy and Marine Corps intelligence personnel are also trained at Goodfellow AFB, and assigned to the local units.

Heraldry
The unit's emblem, approved 2 November 1937, features seven crosses denoting the seven World War I campaign honors of its 95th Bomb Squadron. Active for over 50 years, the wing was a component organization of Strategic Air Command's deterrent force during the Cold War, as a strategic bombardment and later a strategic reconnaissance wing.

History
 See 17th Bombardment Group for additional history and lineage information prior to 1952

Korean War
Established as the 17th Bombardment Wing, Light on 8 May 1952 and assigned to the Far East Air Forces Fifth Air Force.  The wing was activated two days later at Pusan-East Air Base (K-9), South Korea, where it replaced the Air Force Reserve 452d Bombardment Wing Light when its activation ended.  Its 17th Bombardment Group acquired the World War II-era 452d's Douglas A-26 Invaders.   The Invader had proven to be the only bomber suited to the night interdiction role in Korea. Unfortunately, the Invader was capable of visual-only operations and was available only in dwindling numbers.  Operational squadrons of the 17th BG were the 34th, 37th and 95th Bombardment Squadrons.  The wing conducted combat operations during the Korean War, 10 May 1952 – 27 July 1953, including night intruder light bombardment missions against enemy supply centers, communications and transportation facilities; interdiction of North Korean railroads; armed reconnaissance; and close air support for ground forces.

Remaining in South Korea for over a year after the armistice that ended combat as a deterrent force, the wing moved to Miho AB, Japan on 10 October 1954, where it maintained operational proficiency for light bombardment.  It was inactivated on 20 March 1955.

Tactical Air Command
The unit was reactivated in the United States on 1 April 1955 and assigned to Ninth Air Force of Tactical Air Command (TAC).  It was stationed at Eglin Air Force Base Aiuxiliary Field No. 9, Florida where it was programmed to receive the Martin B-57 Canberra, the replacement for the B-26. On 1 October 1955, it was redesignated the 17th Bombardment Wing, Tactical and received B-57B aircraft in early 1956. It flew B-57s in 1956 and 1957, however the aircraft was troublesome and unreliable, and was retired from the inventory quickly.

In 1956 deliveries of the Douglas B-66B Destroyer began and by July 1957 the wing had become the sole USAF wing to be equipped with this model of the Destroyer, which it operated until inactivating in 1958. The first B-66 arrived from Norton Air Force Base, California, on 16 March 1956. In late 1957, TAC began to transfer its Destroyers to the 47th Bombardment Wing of United States Air Forces Europe and the 17th was inactivated on 25 June 1958.

Strategic Air Command

4043d Strategic Wing

The 17th was assigned to Strategic Air Command and redesignated as the 17th Bombardment Wing, Heavy and organized on 1 February 1963 at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.  The 17th's origins under SAC began on 1 April 1959 when Strategic Air Command organized the 4039th Strategic Wing (SW) at Wright-Patterson and assigned it to the 40th Air Division on 1 July as part of SAC's plan to disperse its B-52 Stratofortress heavy bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. The wing remained a headquarters only until 15 September 1959 when the 66th Aviation Depot Squadron was activated to oversee the wing's special weapons. In October three maintenance squadrons and a squadron to provide security for the wing's aircraft and weapons were added, but it was not until 1 December that the wing's first flying squadron, the 922d Air Refueling Squadron, flying Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers was activated and assigned.  The wing was fully organized on 1 June 1960 when the 42d Bombardment Squadron (BS), consisting of 15 Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses moved to Wright-Patterson from Altus AFB, Oklahoma where it had been one of the three squadrons of the 11th Bombardment Wing.  Starting in 1960, one third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.  This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962. In 1962, the wing's bombers began to be equipped with the GAM-77 Hound Dog and the GAM-72 Quail air-launched cruise missiles, The 4042d Airborne Missile Maintenance Squadron was activated in November to maintain these missiles.

Reactivation of the 17th Bombardment Wing

In 1962, in order to perpetuate the lineage of many currently inactive bombardment units with illustrious World War II records, Headquarters SAC received authority from Headquarters USAF to discontinue its Major Command controlled (MAJCON) strategic wings that were equipped with combat aircraft and to activate Air Force controlled (AFCON) units, most of which were inactive at the time which could carry a lineage and history.

The 4043d SW was replaced by the 17th Bombardment Wing (17th BW) on 1 February 1963 and was assigned to SAC's 40th AD. The 922d Air Refueling Squadron and 66th Munitions Maintenance Squadron transferred to the 17th.  The 42d BS was replaced by the 34th Bombardment Squadron, one of the unit's World War II historical bomb squadrons and the 4043d's maintenance and security squadrons were replaced by ones with the 17th numerical designation of the newly activated wing.  Each of the new units assumed the personnel, equipment, and mission of its predecessor.  Under the Dual Deputate organization, all components were directly assigned to the wing, no operational or maintenance group element was activated. The history, lineage and honors of the 17th Bombardment Group were temporarily bestowed upon the newly established wing upon activation.

The 17th Bomb Wing trained to maintain proficiency in strategic bombing and aerial refueling on a global basis.  It furnished B-52s and KC-135 aircraft and crews to deployed SAC wings in the western Pacific and Thailand that were engaged in combat operations over Southeast Asia as part of the Vietnam War from 1966 to 1975.

The 17th BW was taken off alert at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, on 30 June 1975 and phased down, transferring aircraft by 7 July as part of SAC's inactivation at Wright-Patterson. It was reassigned without personnel or equipment to Beale AFB, California, on 30 September 1975 and absorbed resources of the 456th Bombardment Wing, including B-52G and KC-135Q aircraft.  At Beale, the 17th continued global strategic bombardment alert to 30 June 1976 and used tanker aircraft primarily to refuel SR-71s of the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing. The wing was inactivated on 30 September 1976 and replaced by the 100th Air Refueling Wing as part of a realignment of SAC assets.

The wing was reactivated at RAF Alconbury England as the 17th Reconnaissance Wing on 1 October 1982. The operational squadron of the 17th RW was the 95th Reconnaissance Squadron.  The wing flew tactical and strategic surveillance missions in Western Europe using the TR-1 (U-2R). It received the P. T. Cullen Trophy for providing "the greatest contribution to the intelligence gathering efforts of SAC" in 1989 and 1990. During 1990–91, many of the wing's assets and personnel supported Gulf War operations by ferrying aircraft and equipment to Taif, Saudi Arabia.

The 17th RW inactivated on 30 June 1991, but its subordinate unit, the 95th Reconnaissance Squadron, remained at Alconbury as a non-flying organization until 15 September 1993.  The U-2Rs were consolidated at Beale AFB California in the 9th Wing.

When the wing was reactivated in July 1993, it initially comprised the 17th Training Group, 17th Medical Group, and 17th Mission Support Group. There are 17 TRW units at the Defense Language Institute, Corry Station, and Fort Huachuca, AZ which also do intelligence training. The wing is also responsible for writing the CDCs for the AFSCs which it trains.

Lineage
 Constitute as the 17th Bombardment Wing, Light on 8 May 1952
 Activated on 10 May 1952.
 Redesignated 17th Bombardment Wing, Tactical on 1 October 1955
 Inactivated on 25 June 1958
 Redesignated 17th Bombardment Wing, Heavy and activated, on 15 November 1962
 Organized on 1 February 1963
 Inactivated on 30 September 1976
 Redesignated 17th Reconnaissance Wing on 20 January 1982
 Activated on 1 October 1982
 Inactivated on 30 June 1991
 Redesignated 17th Training Wing and activated on 1 July 1993

Assignments

 Fifth Air Force, 10 May 1952
 Ninth Air Force, 1 April 1955 – 25 June 1958
 Attached to Nineteenth Air Force, 15 December 1956 – 15 December 1957
 Strategic Air Command, 15 November 1962
 40th Air Division, 1 February 1963
 6th Air Division, 1 July 1963
 57th Air Division, 1 July 1965

 817th Air Division, 2 July 1968
 45th Air Division, 2 July 1969
 40th Air Division, 1 July 1971
 42d Air Division, 1 July 1973
 14th Air Division, 30 September 1975 – 30 September 1976
 7th Air Division, 1 October 1982 – 30 June 1991
 Second Air Force, 1 July 1993 – present

Stations
 Pusan-East AB (K-9), South Korea, 10 May 1952
 Miho Air Base, Japan, 10 October 1954 – 20 March 1955
 Eglin Air Force Auxiliary Field No. 9 (Hurlburt Field), Florida, 1 April 1955 – 25 June 1958
 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 1 February 1963
 Beale Air Force Base, California, 30 September 1975 – 30 September 1976
 RAF Alconbury, England, 1 October 1982 – 30 June 1991
 Goodfellow AFB, Texas, 1 July 1993 – present

Components
 17th Bombardment Group: 10 May 1952 – 25 June 1958
 9th Air Refueling Squadron: 30 September 1975 – 30 September 1976
 34th Bombardment Squadron: attached 8 June 1957 – 25 June 1958; assigned 1 February 1963 – 30 September 1976
 37th Bombardment Squadron: attached 8 June 1957 – 25 June 1958
 95th Bombardment (later, 95th Reconnaissance) Squadron: attached 8 June 1957 – 25 June 1958; assigned 1 October 1982 – 30 June 1991
 903d Air Refueling Squadron: 30 September 1975 – 30 September 1976
 922d Air Refueling Squadron: 1 February 1963 – 30 September 1975

Aircraft
 B-26 Marauder, 1952–1956
 B-57 Canberra, 1955–1956
 B-66 Destroyer, 1956–1958
 B-52 Stratofortress, 1963–1975, 1975–1976
 KC-135 Stratotanker, 1963–1975, 1975–1976
 TR-1A Dragon Lady, 1982–1991

Decorations
Service Streamers. None.

Campaign Streamers.
 Korea: Korea, Summer-Fall, 1952; Third Korean Winter; Korea, Summer, 1953.
 Southwest Asia: Defense of Saudi Arabia; Liberation and Defense of Kuwait

See also
 List of B-52 Units of the United States Air Force

References

Notes

Bibliography

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

External links
 Air Force Historical Research Agency
 Goodfellow AFB Home Page
 17th Training Wing Heritage

Category:Military units and formations in Texas
0017


Tragic Week (Spain)

Tragic Week (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (25 July – 2 August 1909) was a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and anarchists, socialists and republicans of Barcelona and other cities in Catalonia, Spain, during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Premier Antonio Maura to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in Morocco on 9 July, in what is known as the Second Rif War. Many of these reservists were the only breadwinners for their families, while the wealthy were able to hire substitutes.

Background
Minister of War Arsenio Linares y Pombo called up the Third Mixed Brigade of Cazadores (Light Infantry), which was composed of both active and reserve units in Catalonia. Among these were 520 men who had completed active duty six years earlier, and who had not anticipated further service. Many of the Cazadores, plus other reservists, were the only breadwinners for their families. One could hire a substitute if unable or unwilling to fight, but this cost 6,000 reales which was beyond the means of most laborers, who did not earn more than 20 reales or 5 pesetas a day, barely enough to sustain themselves and their families. Accordingly the well-off were better placed to legally avoid further service than members of the working classes. Finally, conscripted service in North Africa for the perceived benefit only of wealthy mining interests was deeply unpopular.

The incident began when a party of conscripts, destined for Morocco, boarded ships owned by the marquess of Comillas, a prominent Catholic industrialist. The soldiers were the subject of patriotic addresses, the playing of the Royal March, and the distribution of religious medals by well dressed ladies. The conscripts remained silent but many of the onlookers jeered and whistled, and emblems of the Sacred Heart were thrown into the sea.

General strike

These actions, coupled with anarchist, anti-militarist, and anti-colonial philosophies shared by many in the city (Barcelona later became a stronghold for the anarchists during the Spanish Civil War), resulted in the union Solidaridad Obrera - directed by a committee of anarchists and socialists - calling a general strike against Maura's call-up of the reservists on Monday 26 July 1909. Although the civil governor Ángel Ossorio y Gallardo had received ample warning of the growing discontent, acts of vandalism were provoked by elements called the jóvenes bárbaros (Young Barbarians), who were associated with the Radical Republican Party (Partido Republicano Radical) of Alejandro Lerroux.

Outbreak
By Tuesday, workers had occupied much of central Barcelona, halting troop trains and overturning trams. By Thursday, there was street fighting, with a general eruption of riots, strikes, and the burnings of convents. Many of the rioters were antimilitarist, anticolonial and anticlerical. The rioters considered the Roman Catholic Church a part of the corrupt middle and upper class whose sons did not have to go to war, and much public opinion had been turned against the Church by anarchist elements within the city. Thus, not only were convents burned, but sepulchers were profaned and graves were emptied. Of 112 buildings set fire to during the disturbances, 80 were church-owned or associated.

After disturbances in downtown Barcelona, civil guards and police fired on demonstrators in Las Ramblas, resulting in the construction of barricades in the streets and the proclamation of martial law. The government declaring a "state of war", ordered troops to end the revolt. Working class conscripts recruited from Barcelona and already stationed in the city, were considered unreliable under the circumstances. Accordingly, other army units were brought in from Valencia, Zaragoza, Pamplona and Burgos. These ended the revolt, causing dozens of deaths.

Aftermath

Police and army casualties were 8 dead and 124 wounded, while 104 to 150 civilians were reportedly killed. More than 1,700 individuals were indicted in military courts for "armed rebellion". Five were sentenced to death and executed (including Francesc Ferrer, founder of the Escuela Moderna); 59 received sentences of life imprisonment. Alejandro Lerroux fled into exile.

General European condemnation in the press was immediate. King Alfonso XIII, alarmed by the reaction at home and abroad, dismissed Premier Antonio Maura from power, replacing him with Segismundo Moret.

References

Sources
 Carolyn P. Boyd, Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain, The Library of Iberian Resources Online
 Ullman, Joan Connelly. The Tragic Week: A Study of Anticlericalism in Spain, 1875–1912. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.
  Historia de conflictos
 Andreu Martín: Barcelona Trágica (Ediciones B, 2009 -castellano-); (Edicions Ara, 2009 -catalán-)

External links

Category:1909 in Spain
Category:1909 riots
Category:Anarchism in Spain
Category:Anti-anarchism
Category:History of anarchism
Category:History of Barcelona
Category:History of Catalonia
Category:Riots and civil disorder in Spain
Category:1909 in Catalonia
Category:July 1909 events
Category:August 1909 events


Alexei Mikhnov

Oleksiy Pavlovych "Alexei" Mikhnov () (born August 31, 1982) is a Ukrainian-Russian professional ice hockey left wing who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played with the Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Playing career
Mikhnov was selected in the first round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, 17th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers, and has only played in two NHL games, his first being a 5–2 win versus Phoenix.  He was scoreless and even in 4:21 of ice time. His brother Andrei Mikhnov was at one time also a National Hockey League prospect and played in the Ontario Hockey League.

Mikhnov spent four seasons in the Russian Super League, and was considered a power forward prospect. Despite being from Ukraine, Mikhnov (unlike his brother) plays internationally for Russia.

After being drafted in 2000, Mikhnov has been something of a mystery to Oilers fans. Even when he was drafted, he was considered an enigma, and when he first hit Edmonton in 2004, the Oilers' front office discovered that Mikhnov had poor eyesight, leading to the team buying him a pair of glasses.

Mikhnov was one of the more famous players impacted by the inability of the National Hockey League and the Russian ice hockey federation to come to an agreement on a transfer arrangement, a situation which more famously affected Pittsburgh Penguins prospect Evgeni Malkin. On June 20, 2006, according to his agent, Mikhnov gave his two weeks' notice which theoretically could get him out of his contract with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, and by early September Mikhnov was skating in Edmonton, taking a spin on September 3 at the University of Alberta. To date, any legal action by Lokomotiv Yaroslavl to retain Mikhnov like that being used to try to keep Malkin has not reached the press, and on September 5, Mikhnov signed a one-year deal with the Oilers.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

Bio from Hockey's Future

Category:1982 births
Category:Atlant Moscow Oblast players
Category:Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg players
Category:HC Dynamo Moscow players
Category:Living people
Category:Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Category:Edmonton Oilers players
Category:Lokomotiv Yaroslavl players
Category:Metallurg Magnitogorsk players
Category:National Hockey League first round draft picks
Category:HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
Category:HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Category:Sportspeople from Kiev
Category:Russian ice hockey left wingers
Category:Salavat Yulaev Ufa players
Category:Severstal Cherepovets players
Category:Ukrainian ice hockey left wingers
Category:Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players


1809 in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1809 to Wales and its people.

Incumbents
Prince of Wales - George (later George IV)
Princess of Wales - Caroline of Brunswick

Events
9 February - South Stack Lighthouse off Anglesey first illuminated.
10 May - Stapleton Cotton plays a prominent role in the Battle of Grijó.
date unknown
David Hughes, Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, donates £105 towards scholarships to give South Wales the same level of support as North Wales.
Hawarden Castle is enlarged.
John Rice Jones begins lead mining across the Mississippi in the future state of Missouri.
Jeremiah Homfray opens a level at Richard Griffiths' lease in Trehafod in the Rhondda; the first full scale attempt to mine coal in the area.

Arts and literature

New books
Edward Davies - The Mythology and Rites of the British Druids
Zaccheus Davies - Cân am y Farn
Thomas Evans (Tomos Glyn Cothi) - An English-Welsh Dictionary neu Eir-Lyfr Saesneg a Chymraeg
Theophilus Jones - History of the County of Brecknock, vol. 2
Henry Parry (editor) Grammatica Britannica, 2nd edition (1st edition by John Davies of Mallwyd)

Music
George Thomson - A Selected Collection of Original Welsh Airs (1st edition)

Births
18 January - John Gwyn Jeffreys, conchologist (died 1885)
15 February - Owen Jones, architect (died 1874)
17 April - Thomas Brigstocke, painter  (died 1881)
24 May - William Chambers, politician (died 1882)
26 May - G. T. Clark, engineer (died 1885)
11 August - Robert Thomas (Ap Vychan), writer (died 1880)
20 August - Morris Williams (Nicander), writer (died 1874)
27 October - Lewis Edwards, Nonconformist minister and educator (died 1887)
22 December - John Hanmer, 1st Baron Hanmer, politician (died 1882)
date unknown - Evan James, lyricist of the Welsh national anthem (died 1878)

Deaths
23 January - Hugh Barlow, politician, 79/80
10 February - Hugh Bold, lawyer, 77/78
April - Charles Francis Greville, founder of Milford Haven, 59
October 28 - Hugh Pugh, Independent minister, 29

References

 Wales
Category:1809 in Wales


Fair Field

Built in 2003 Fair Field is a large private house in the Hamptons, Long Island, in New York State in the United States. It has a floor area of approximately  and is valued at $249 million for tax assessment purposes. It is owned by Ira Rennert.

References

Category:Long Island
Category:Houses in Suffolk County, New York