List of breweries in Quebec

This is an incomplete list of breweries in Quebec sorted by region. Breweries have been cropping up steadily over the past 30 to 40 years in the province of Québec, Canada. There are now 150 active breweries producing 3,348 different beers. According to BeerAdvocate, 46 of the top 100 beers in Canada are brewed in Quebec.

Abitibi-Témiscamingue

 Belgh Brasse (Since 1999) (Amos)
 Ŀe Trèfle Noir (Since 2009) (Rouyn-Noranda)
 Ŀe Prospecteur (Since 2014) (Val d'Or)
 Barbe Broue (Since 2015) (Ville-Marie)

Bas-Saint-Laurent

 Breughel (1998-2013) (Saint-Germain-de-Kamouraska)
 Le Bien, le Malt (Since 2008) (Rimouski)
 La Fabrique (Since 2010) (Matane)
 La Captive (Since 2010) (Amqui)
 Aux Fous Brassant (Since 2012) (Rivière-du-Loup)
 Tête d'Allumette (Since 2013) (Saint-André-de-Kamouraska)
 Le Secret des Dieux (Since 2016) (Pohénégamook)

Capitale-Nationale

 Archibald (Since 2005) (Lac Beauport, Sainte-Foy)
 Emporium Microbrasserie (Since 2018) (Québec city)
 Griendel - Brasserie Artisanale (Since 2015) (Québec city)
 La Barberie (Since 1997) (Québec city)
 La Brasserie Générale (Since 2013), (Québec city)
 L'inox (Since 1987), (Québec city)
 La Korrigane (Since 2010), (Québec city)
 La Souche (Since 2012), (Québec city)
 La Voie Maltée (Since 2013 in Québec, from Chicoutimi), (Québec city)
 Les 3 Brasseurs, Boul. Laurier, (Since 2012 in Québec city, from France), (Sainte-Foy)
 Noctem - Brewpub, Rue du Parvis, (Since 2015) (Québec city)
 Noctem - Brewery St-Malo, (Since 2018) (Québec city)
 Microbrasserie Charlevoix (Since 1998), (Baie-Saint-Paul)
 Microbrasserie des Beaux-Prés (Since 2011), (Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré)
 Microbrasserie d'Orléans, Pub Le Mitan (Since 2005), (Île d'Orléans)
 Microbrasserie La Moustache (Since 2014), (Québec city)

Centre-du-Québec

 Bar Centre Ale Artisan Brasseur (Since 2012) (Drummondville)
 Multi-Brasses (Since 2001) (Tingwick)

Chaudière-Appalaches

 Corsaire (Since 2008) (Lévis)
 Frampton Brasse (Since 2011) (Frampton)
 La société (Since 2011) (Saint-Georges)
 Microbrasserie de Bellechasse (Pub de la Contrée)  (Since summer 2013) (Buckland, Bellechasse)

Côte-Nord

 Microbrasserie St-Pancrace (Since summer 2013) (Baie-Comeau)

Cantons de l'Est

 Lion d'Or (Since 1986) (Lennoxville)
 Les Brasseurs du Hameau (Since 2006) (Saint-Joseph-de-Ham-Sud)
 Brouemont (Since 2004) (Bromont)
 La Micro de Bromont, anciennement Le Chaudron (Bromont)
 Lady of The Lake (Not a brewery anymore) (Magog)
 La Mare au Diable (Since 2003) (Sherbrooke)
 Siboire (Since 2007) (Sherbrooke)
 Boquébière - microbrasserie de Sherbrooke (Since 2008) (Sherbrooke)
 Microbrasserie La Memphrée (Magog)
 Microbrasserie de Coaticook (Since 2013) (Coaticook)

Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine

 À l'abri de la Tempête (Since 2004) (L'Étang-du-Nord)
 Brasserie Le Malbord (Since 2014) (Sainte-Anne-des-Monts)
 Pit Caribou (Since 2007) (Anse-à-Beaufils)
 Le Naufrageur (Since 2008) (Carleton-sur-Mer)
 Auval (since 2015) (Val d'Espoir)
 Le Frontibus (since 2017) (Rivière-au-Renard).
 Le Caveau (since 2017?) (Trois-Pistoles)
 Aux Fous Brassant (Rivière-du-Loup)
 Cap Gaspé (Since 2017) (Gaspé)
 Le Bien, Le Malt (Rimouski)
 La Captive (Amqui)
 Tête d'Allumette (Saint-André de Kamouraska)
 La Fabrique (Matane)

Lanaudière

Brewery:
 Albion (Since 2011) (Joliette)

Microbrewery:
 L'alchimiste (Since 2001) (Joliette)
 Hopfenstark (Since 2006) (L'Assomption)

Laurentides

 Dieu du ciel! (Since 2006)  (Saint-Jérôme)
 Microbrasserie du Lièvre (Since 1999) (Mont-Laurier)
 St-Arnould (Since 1996)  (Mont-Tremblant)
 La Diable (Since 1995)  (Mont-Tremblant)
 Les Brasseurs du Nord (Since 1988) (Blainville)
 Brasseurs illimités (Since 2009)  (Saint-Eustache)
 Les Brasseurs qui fument (Since 2007) (Lachute) (Close)
 Le Saint-Graal (Since 2010) (Sainte-Thèrèse)
 Noire & Blanche (Since 2012) (St-Eustache)
 Unité Microbrasseurs (Since 2018) (Boisbriand)
 Le Baril Roulant (Since 2012)  (Val-David)

Laval

Microbrewery:
 Au Maître-Brasseur (Since 2006) (Laval)(Close)
 Les 3 Brasseurs (Since 2010) (Laval)
 Braise et houblon (Since 2011) (Laval)(Close)

Mauricie

Brewpub:
 Chez Gambrinus (Since 1996) (Trois-Rivières)
 Pub Broadway (Shawinigan)
 Le Trou du Diable (Since 2005) (Shawinigan)

Microbrewery:
 À la Fût (Since 2007)  (Saint-Tite)
 Les bières de la Nouvelle-France (Since 1998) (Saint-Alexis-des-Monts)
 Les Frères Houblons (Since 2003) (Trois-Rivières)
 Les brasseurs de la Mauricie (Since 2008) (Shawinigan)
La pècheresse (La Tuque)

Montérégie

Brewpub:
 Auberge Sutton Brouërie (Since 2015) (Sutton)
 Bedondaine & Bedons Ronds (Since 2005) (Chambly)
 Microbrasserie Le Bilboquet (Since 1993)  (Saint-Hyacinthe)
 Lagabière (Since January 2013) (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu)
 Loup rouge (Since 2007) (Sorel-Tracy)

Microbrewery:
 Brasserie New Deal Brewing Co. (Since 2016)  (Boucherville)
 Brasseurs du monde (Since 2011)  (Saint-Hyacinthe)
 Ferme Brasserie Schoune (Saint-Polycarpe)
 Brasserie Dunham (Since 2010) (Dunham)
 Brasseurs et Frères (Dunham)
 Brasserie Vrooden (Since 2016) (Granby)
 Microbrasserie Le Castor (Since 2012) (Rigaud)
 Les Trois Mousquetaires (Since 2004) (Brossard)
 Brasserie Saint-Antoine-Abbée (Franklin)
 Le Grimoire (Since 2004)  (Granby)
 Les 3 Brasseurs (Since 2008) (Brossard)
 Fou en fût (closed in 2008) (Longueuil)
 Unibroue (Since 1991) (Sapporo) (Chambly)
 Microbrasserie Maltéus (Since 2013) (Salaberry-de-Valleyfield)

Montréal

Brewery

Labatt Brewing Company, From London, Ontario, new brewery in LaSalle Since 1954
Molson (Since 1796) (Montréal)
Dow Breweries (1790 - 1967) First established in La Prairie then in Montréal
 McAuslan Brewing (Since 1989) (Montréal)

Brewpub:
 Le Cheval Blanc (Since 1986) (Montréal)
 La Taverne du Sergent Recruteur (closed since 2009) (Montréal)
 L'amère à boire (Since 1996) (Montréal)
 Brutopia (Since 1997) (Montréal)
 Dieu du ciel! (Since 1998) (Montréal)
 Réservoir (Since 2002) (Montréal)
 Les 3 Brasseurs (Since 2002) (Montréal)
 Benelux (Since 2006) (Montréal)
 Le Saint-Bock Brasserie artisanale (Since 2006) (Montréal)
 HELM Brasseur Gourmand (Since 2006) (Montréal)
 Brasseurs de Montréal (Since 2008) (Montréal)
 Vessels & Barrels (Close since 2003) (Montréal)
 Broue Pub Brouhaha (Since 2008) (Montréal)
 La Succursale (Since 2011) (Montréal)
 L'Espace Public (Since 2012) (Montréal)

Microbrewery:
 La Compagnie de Bière Brisset (Since 2011) (Montréal)
 Les Brasseurs RJ (Since 1998) (Montréal)
 Brasserie du Vieux Montréal (Montréal)
 Brasserie Dieu du ciel! (Since 2007) (Saint-Jérôme)
 L'Espace Public (Since 2012) (Montréal)
 Microbrasserie 4 Origines (Since 2018) (Montréal)

Outaouais
 Les brasseurs du temps (Since 2008) (Gatineau)
 Brasserie du Bas-Canada (Planned for Fall 2017) (Gatineau)
 Brasseurs de l'Outaouais (Gatineau)
 Gainsbourg (Since 2013) (Gatineau)

Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean

 La Gueule de Bois (Since 2009) (Jonquière)
 La Tour à Bières (Since 2004) (Chicoutimi)
 La Voie maltée (Since 2002) (Jonquière, Chicoutimi, Québec)
 Microbrasserie du Lac-Saint-Jean (Since 2007) (Saint-Gédéon)
 La Chouape (Since 2008) (St-Félicien)
 Microbrasserie Le Coureur Des Bois (Since 2011) (Dolbeau-Mistassini)
 HopEra Microbrasserie et pizzeria (Since 2014) (Jonquière)

See also

 Beer and breweries by region
 Quebec beer
 List of breweries in Canada

Notes

Sources

 Richard Stueven. "Breweries in Québec, Canada", in Beer Me!, 2008
 Bières et plaisirs. "Toutes les brasseries", in Bières et plaisirs, August 2008
« Microbrasseries », Website Institut de la bière, 2008
« All brewerys, address, email and social network», Website Ça Brasse !, 2012
«  Beer's promoting and Rating,  », Website BeerAdvocate, Boston (Mass), 1996 - 2013

*
Breweries


Richard Belvin

Richard Belvin (born 26 August 1941) is a Bermudian competitive sailor. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Acapulco, in the dragon class. He also competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, in the dragon and the 1976 Summer Olympics in Kingston, Ontario, in the Soling. Belvin also finished third in the 1967 Pan American Games Snipe (with Penny Simmons). He was born in Paget, Bermuda.

References

Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:Bermudian male sailors (sport)
Category:Olympic sailors of Bermuda
Category:Pan American Games bronze medalists for Bermuda
Category:Pan American Games medalists in sailing
Category:People from Paget Parish
Category:Sailors at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Dragon
Category:Sailors at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Dragon
Category:Sailors at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Soling
Category:Sailors at the 1967 Pan American Games
Category:Snipe class sailors


At-Taqwa Mosque

The At-Taqwa Mosque (; Indonesian: Masjid At-Taqwa) is a mosque in Dayuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. It is the seventh mosque built in Taiwan.

History
The mosque development was started by an Indonesian-Taiwanese couple who own an Indonesian shop around the area where most of the Indonesian workers work at the factories or in households. They purchased empty land beside their shop to build a mosque. With the help of funding and lending from various organizations, the mosque could finally be constructed a year later. The mosque was officially opened on 9 June 2013. On 24 April 2016, the Taiwan Muslim Association (TMA; ) was established and headquartered at the mosque.

Activities
Beside hosting the normal five compulsory daily prayers for Muslims, the mosque also regularly holds classes, such as Mandarin language. The mosque also hosts the branch office of the Zakat foundation Dompet Peduli Ummat Daarut Tauhiid (DPU DT) in early 2017. It is also the headquarters of the Taiwan Muslim Association ().

Architecture

This 130 square meter mosque is 26 meters in length and 5 meters in width. The building consists of three stories, in which the first story is dedicated for the male prayer hall, the second story is for the female prayer hall and guest room, and the third floor is for classes and dormitories.

Transportation
At-Taqwa Mosque is accessible north west from Dayuan Station of the Taoyuan Metro.

See also
 Islam in Taiwan
 Chinese Muslim Association
 Chinese Muslim Youth League
 List of mosques in Taiwan
 Indonesians in Taiwan

References

External links

 Facebook - MASJID AT-TAQWA DAYUAN

Category:2013 establishments in Taiwan
Category:Mosques completed in 2013
Category:Mosques in Taoyuan City


Mike Skinner (musician)

Michael Geoffrey Skinner (born 27 November 1978) is an English rapper, songwriter, musician, and record producer best known for the music project The Streets.

Early life
Skinner was born in Barnet, but moved to Birmingham aged 5. He grew up in West Heath, Birmingham and started playing with keyboards at the age of five. When he was seven years old he began experiencing symptoms of epilepsy, which worsened in his early teens. He began writing hip hop and garage music in his home in West Heath and later built a sound booth in his bedroom, using a cupboard and a mattress. In the mid-1990s, following secondary education at Bournville School, Skinner became a student at Sutton Coldfield College, in Sutton Coldfield, and was working in fast-food jobs while trying to start his own independent record label and sending off demos.

He describes his background as "Barratt class: suburban estates, not poor but not much money about, really boring," referring to the property developer Barratt Developments. Skinner has always identified himself with Birmingham and he is a keen supporter of Birmingham City. He has worn the club's replica shirt on stage. He also wore it in the music video for his remix of Bloc Party's single "Banquet".

Music career

The Streets (1994–2011, 2017–present)
In the albums Skinner made with The Streets he focused on vocals, arranging, composing, mixing, keyboards, and synthesizers.

The Beats Recordings
In 2005, Skinner and Ted Mayhem launched the independent record label The Beats Recordings. A subsidiary of 679 Recordings, The Beats was home to British hip-hop acts such as The Mitchell Brothers, Example and Professor Green. The label closed in 2007, but reopened in 2012.

The D.O.T. and Tonga Balloon Gang (2011–present)
After shelving The Streets, Skinner launched a new project, called The D.O.T, along with Rob Harvey of The Music. Harvey performs on vocals, allowing Skinner to "further develop his production approach". Their first album, And That, was released on 22 October 2012. Their second album titled Diary was released on 5 May 2013.

In 2013, Skinner remixed Norwich rapper Context's song "Small Town Lad Sentiments". The remix features on Context's second EP, Hindsight is the Purest Form of Romance (2014). In 2015, he remixed Slaves' breakthrough single "Cheer Up London" alongside Jammer. The remix featured on an extended play exclusive to HMV, released alongside the group's debut album Are You Satisfied?.

Skinner teamed up with UK rap group Murkage to form a supergroup entitled Tonga Balloon Gang, and they released an eponymous three-track EP on 14 November 2015. The release features additional vocals from Jammer and Big Narstie. In 2016 Skinner released a number of tracks on Soundcloud under the name The Darker the Shadow, The Brighter the Light. In April 2017 he released the song "Bad Decisions In The Night" on digital platforms.

Artistry

Influences
Skinner is influenced by musical genres including hip hop, UK garage, reggae, and country and western music. Some of the many hip hop artists that influenced him in the making of some of The Streets' albums are Premo and Erick Sermon.

Musical style
Skinner is best known for his lyricism matched with his blurring of musical styles of UK garage, hip hop, indie rock, reggae and ska. The Guardian reviewer Dave Simpson particularly praised Skinner's "dazzling wordplay."

Acting and movie work
The Inbetweeners
The soundtrack album for the British film The Inbetweeners Movie was released in 2011, featuring nine new compositions by Skinner.

Beat Stevie
An online channel currently presented by Mike and business partner Ted Mayhem, Beat Stevie, is an "anything goes" blog/music show also shown on Channel 4 in their 4Music late night strand. The episodes often include backstage footage and onstage hijinks. Events documented in the show have also been mentioned in the early songs of Example and Professor Green. The 'funeral' of Skinner's record label "The Beats" was shown on the channel, with the mixtapes of The Mitchell Brothers, Example and Professor Green being burnt in a fire of absinthe.

Acting
Skinner had a cameo role in the fifth series of Doctor Who as a security guard, featuring in the episode "The Time of Angels".

In a 2011 interview Skinner also revealed that he would be starring in a film, a thriller set in a hospital. Adding that it won't be a "blockbuster" and that it will take around two years to complete.

Skinner guest-starred as Blockhead in one episode of Major Lazer.

Promotional and campaign work
Skinner is an ardent fan of Reebok Classics shoes; he is often seen wearing a pair of white Workout Plus trainers, and has mentioned them in the lyrics for his song "Let's Push Things Forward", in which he raps, "Let's put on our Classics and have a little dance, shall we?" In 2005, he signed up to appear in a twelve-month ad campaign for Reebok's "I Am What I Am" campaign.

Personal life
In 2008, Skinner took time off from The Streets to battle symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome and later wrote the song "Trying to Kill M.E." to document his fight against the disorder. In addition, he has tried to raise awareness that "it's not just depression. That's what people tend to think". Another statement he has released on the topic: "I was incapacitated. It seems to have faded now. But at the time I think I was working too hard. It was important to just mention it really. It was such a big thing for me. It lasted about a year at its worst. I had to stop working."

In 2010, Skinner married Claire Le Marquand in Antibes after the birth of their daughter Amelia in 2009. Skinner attributes the turnaround of his lifestyle, in regards to his dabbling with drugs, to the birth of his daughter and the responsibility of being a father.

Discography

The Streets

Original Pirate Material (2002)
A Grand Don't Come for Free (2004)
The Hardest Way to Make an Easy Living (2006)
Everything Is Borrowed (2008)
Computers and Blues (2011)

The D.O.T
 And That (2012)
 Diary (2013)

The Darker the Shadow The Brighter the Light
 Soundcloud Release (2017)

Biography
The Story of The Streets. London: Bantam Press, 2012. By Mike Skinner. 304 pages. . Biography recording his beginnings as a musician in the Birmingham suburbs in the garage scene, to his struggles as a commercial musician.

References

External links

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:English male singers
Category:English male rappers
Category:Rappers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Category:People with epilepsy
Category:UK garage musicians
Category:Alternative hip hop musicians
Category:Grime music artists
Category:People from Chipping Barnet
Category:Rappers from London
Category:21st-century English singers
Category:21st-century male singers


Kuehn Blacksmith Shop–Hardware Store

Kuehn Blacksmith Shop–Hardware Store is located in Kaukauna, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its architectural significance.

References

Category:Blacksmith shops
Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Category:Hardware stores of the United States
Category:Romanesque Revival architecture in Wisconsin
Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1889
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Outagamie County, Wisconsin


Adolf Schwarz

Adolf Schwarz (31 October 1836, Gálszécs, Hungary, now Sečovce, Slovakia – 25 October 1910, Vienna) was an Austria-Hungarian chess master.

He took 10th in the Vienna 1873 chess tournament (Wilhelm Steinitz and Joseph Henry Blackburne won). In 1878, he took 2nd, behind Louis Paulsen, in Frankfurt. In 1879, he took 3rd in Leipzig (1st DSB-Congress, Berthold Englisch won). In 1880, he tied for 1st–3rd with Blackburne and Englisch in Wiesbaden. In 1880, he tied for 1st–3rd with Max Weiss and Johannes Minckwitz in Graz. In 1880, he tied for 3rd–5th in Braunschweig. In 1882, he took 3rd in Vienna (Vincenz Hruby won), and tied for 12–13th in the Vienna 1882 chess tournament (Wilhelm Steinitz and Szymon Winawer won).

Adolf Schwarz won matches against Minkwitz (+3 -2 =4) in 1878, and against Winawer (+3 -1 =0) in 1880.

References

External links

Category:Hungarian chess players
Category:Austrian chess players
Category:Jewish chess players
Category:Austrian Jews
Category:Hungarian Jews
Category:1836 births
Category:1910 deaths
Category:19th-century chess players


Soviet cruiser Admiral Isakov

Admiral Isakov () was a  of the Soviet Navy and briefly of the Russian Navy, named for Soviet admiral Ivan Isakov. The second ship of her class, she served mostly during the Cold War from her commissioning in 1970.

Isakov was part of the Northern Fleet throughout her career, often operating in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean to show the flag. She cruised to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean in 1971–72, 1973, and 1975, participating in the large Okean-75 exercise, and underwent a refit between 1977 and 1980. After coming out of refit, the ship participated in the combined arms exercise Shchit-82 and cruised in the Atlantic and Mediterranean during 1982 and 1983, before undergoing another refit between 1986 and 1990. She was decommissioned in 1993 before being sold for scrap due to reduced naval funding, but sank under tow en route to India for scrapping a year later.

Design

Admiral Isakov was the second ship of her class of ten Soviet Designation Project 1134A Berkut A (NATO reporting name Kresta II-class) cruisers, designed by Vasily Anikeyev. She was named for Ivan Isakov, a Soviet admiral who commanded naval forces during World War II. The vessels were designated as Large Anti-Submarine Ships and were initially designed with a primary mission of countering NATO ballistic missile submarines, particularly the United States Navy fleet of Polaris-equipped submarines. However, before the ships began to be built, commander-in-chief of the Soviet Navy Admiral Sergey Gorshkov changed the role of the ships to that of destroying NATO attack submarines to allow Soviet Yankee-class ballistic missile submarines to reach the central Atlantic and Pacific,  from which the latter could launch their comparatively short-ranged ballistic missiles against targets in the United States.

As a Kresta II-class cruiser, Admiral Isakov was  long overall with a beam of  and a draught of . She displaced  standard and  full load, and had a complement of 343. The ship was equipped with a hangar aft to carry a single Kamov Ka-25 Hormone-A helicopter.

Admiral Isakov was propelled by two TV-12 steam geared turbines powered by four high-pressure boilers, which created , giving her a maximum speed of . She had a range of  at  and  at .

Armament
For her primary role as an anti-submarine cruiser, Admiral Isakov mounted two quadruple launchers for eight anti-submarine missiles in the Metel anti-ship complex (NATO reporting name SS-N-14 Silex). She was also equipped with two RBU-6000 12-barrel and two RBU-1000 6-barrel rocket launchers. The Kamov Ka-25 helicopter embarked on the cruiser was also capable of aiding in the search and destruction of submarines.

To counter aerial threats, Admiral Isakov  was armed with a total of four AK-725  dual-purpose guns in two twin mountings. She also had four  AK-630 close-in weapon system mountings, and was armed with two twin launchers for the 48 V-611 surface-to-air missiles they carried in the M-11 Shtorm system (NATO reporting name SA-N-3 Goblet). She mounted two quintuple mountings for  dual-role torpedoes.

Sensors
Admiral Isakov was equipped with the MR-600 Voskhod (NATO code name Top Sail) early warning air search radar, the MR-310U Angara-M (NATO code name Head Net C) search radar, and the Volga (NATO code names Don Kay and Don-2) navigational radar. For anti-submarine warfare she had improved MG-332T Titan-2T hull-mounted sonar. She had two Grom (SA-N-1) and two MR-103 Bars (AK-725) fire-control systems. Admiral Isakov also had a MG-26 communications outfit. As one of the first four ships in her class, Admiral Isakov lacked a Vympel fire-control radar, and relied on manual targeting for the AK-630.

Her electronic warfare equipment included the MRP-15-16 Zaliv and two sets each of the MRP-11-12 and MRP-13-14 direction finding systems, as well as the MRP-150 Gurzuf A and MRP-152 Gurzuf B radar jamming devices.

Construction and career
On 29 December 1967, Admiral Isakov was added to the list of ships of the Soviet Navy. Built in the Zhdanov Shipyard at Leningrad with the serial number 722, the cruiser was laid down on 15 January 1968 and launched on 22 November of that year. The flag of the Soviet Navy was hoisted for the first time about the ship on 16 August 1970, and Admiral Isakov was submitted for government testing in the Baltic on 9 September; the sea trials concluded uneventfully on 11 December. She was commissioned on 28 December after being handed over to the Navy on 13 December.

1970s
Admiral Isakov was assigned to the Northern Fleet on 16 January 1971, under the command of Captain Lyudvig Agadzhanov. She began her voyage to the fleet in April after receiving ammunition and completing other preparatory tasks, suffering a boiler malfunction in the Norwegian Sea on 19 April. Upon arrival in Severomorsk on 22 April, she became part of the 120th Missile Ship Brigade of the Northern Fleet's 7th Operational Squadron. Admiral Isakov shadowed a United States Navy carrier group in the Norwegian and Barents Seas between 11 August and 21 September. On 13 December she departed for a Mediterranean cruise, calling at Annaba to show the flag between 12 and 17 February. After a period at Sevastopol for repairs from 5 March 1972, she returned to Severomorsk on 24 June, despite a boiler failure on 13 June while crossing the Norwegian Sea. First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral of the Fleet Vladimir Kasatonov visited the ship on 6 March 1973.

Having begun another Atlantic cruise on 22 March that would last until 24 November, Admiral Isakov participated in Exercise Laguna, tracking possible NATO submarine movements in the North Atlantic alongside Kresta I-class missile cruiser  and her sister ship  between 12 and 29 May. During the exercise, a NATO submarine was detected during the exercise, and the crew of her Ka-25 made their first night landing on a moving ship. With the  , she visited Havana between 4 August and 15 October. After participating in Exercise Okean-75 in April 1975, she operated in the Central Atlantic and Mediterranean with the missile cruiser  between 1 June and 1 December, visiting Annaba from 31 July to 4 August.

Between August and October 1976, Admiral Isakov escorted the aircraft cruiser  during tests of the latter's main missile systems off Kolguyev Island. In difficult weather, Isakov sailed to the Lofoten Islands with the   and the oiler  during the April 1977 Exercise Sever-77. Between June 1977 and April 1980, she underwent repairs and modernization at the SRZ-35 shipyard in Murmansk, which included the addition of jet blast deflectors under the barrels of the V-611 missiles of the Shtorm system.

1980s and end of service

After the completion of her refit, Admiral Isakov conducted combat training in the Barents and Norwegian Seas, near the Lofoten and Faroe Islands. On 27 May 1981 she deliberately rammed the British destroyer  in the Barents Sea while the latter was collecting intelligence. The damage aboard Glasgow was minor, after the British captain matched his speed with that of Admiral Isakov. Escorting the battlecruiser  along with her sister  and the destroyers Smyshleny and , she participated in Exercise Sever-81 between 9 and 10 July. The cruiser was transferred to the 170th Anti-Submarine Warfare Brigade on 12 February 1982.

Admiral Isakov once again cruised into the Atlantic and the Mediterranean between 27 July and 2 October 1982, beginning with anti-submarine Exercise Natyag in the Greenland Sea and passed Jan Mayen on 1 August. After participating in Exercise Atoll from 6 to 8 August, she escorted Kiev during Exercise Shchit-82 from 25 September to 1 October. Following repairs at Sevastopol, Admiral Isakov, under the flag of Northern Fleet First Deputy Commander Vice Admiral Vladimir Kruglikov, steamed westwards alongside the frigate  and Genrikh Gasanov. She visited Havana and Cienfuegos between 2 and 10 December 1982 before returning to Severomorsk on 21 February 1983. During the voyage, on 16 January, the Soviet group came within 50 miles of the Mississippi River Delta. She escorted the aircraft cruiser  during the latter's voyage to the Pacific to the latitude of Gibraltar in October, with the destroyers , , and the oiler Genrikh Gasanov.

Before participating in command staff Exercise Atlantika-84 from 31 March to 4 April 1984, the cruiser suffered a partial flooding of her ammunition storage while preparing for the exercise on 20 February. She underwent a mid-career refit at SRZ-35 between 9 October 1986 and 27 August 1990, receiving updated Rastrub-B missiles for her Metel, the Shlyuz satellite navigation system and the Tsunami-BM satellite communications system. On 1 October 1991, the 170th Brigade was redesignated as the 44th Anti-Submarine Warfare Division.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Admiral Isakov was transferred to the Russian Navy. Due to reduced naval funding she was decommissioned on 30 June 1993, crew disbanding on 31 December; the naval jack was lowered for the last time on 14 January 1994. In mid-1994, the ship was sold to an Indian company for scrapping, but sank under tow en route.

During her career, Admiral Isakov was assigned the temporary tactical numbers 587, 251, 298, 550, 549, 647 (from 1990), and 672.

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

  Admiral Isakov on navsource.narod.ru (with photos)

Category:1968 ships
Category:Kresta II-class cruisers
Category:Ships built at Severnaya Verf


Chalanchulan

Chalanchulan (, also Romanized as Chālānchūlān and Chālān Chūlān) is a city in and capital of Silakhor District, in Dorud County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,094, in 277 families.

References

Category:Towns and villages in Dorud County
Category:Cities in Lorestan Province


Checca, Peru

Checca is a town in the Cusco Region of Peru. Its population is 3,810.

Category:Populated places in the Cusco Region


Piz de Molinera

Piz de Molinera is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. It overlooks the junction of the Ticino and the Moesa, north of Arbedo (Ticino).

References

External links
Piz de Molinera on Summitpost

Category:Mountains of Switzerland
Category:Mountains of Graubünden
Category:Mountains of Ticino
Category:Mountains of the Alps
Category:Graubünden–Ticino border
Category:Lepontine Alps
Category:Two-thousanders of Switzerland


Hanafi Mosque of Bourguiba

The hanafi mosque of Bourguiba () is a Tunisian mosque located in Monastir (Independence Street) and dedicated to the first president of Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba.

Presentation
Built in 1963 by Taieb Bouzguenda, this mosque is designed in a traditional architecture based on that of the Hammouda Pacha Mosque of Tunis.

The prayer hall can accommodate up to  people. The mihrab, located in a semi-dome, is covered with a half arch decorated with a golden mosaic. As for the columns themselves, the overcoming charts overcome and the bows are made of pink marble.

References

See also

Category:Mosques in Tunisia


Galeana, Nuevo León

Galeana is both a municipality and a city in the Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is named after Hermenegildo Galeana, a lieutenant involved in the country's movement towards independence. Galeana shares borders with the states of Coahuila and San Luis Potosí to the west; with the municipalities of Aramberri and Doctor Arroyo to the south; Rayones to the north; and with Linares, Montemorelos, Rayones and Iturbide to the east. Galeana is the largest municipality in the state, totaling 7,154.6 km², however it's scarcely populated with only 38,930 inhabitants  resulting in a population density of 0.18 persons per square kilometer. Galeana, the municipal seat, is the best developed town in the region. It has services such as hospitals, accommodations, restaurants, bars and the largest drink distributor in the zone. However it remains as a low per-capita income city.

Climate
Climate in Galeana is usually much colder than the rest of the state.  In summer it is pleasantly cool and during winter, temperatures may reach down to -9°C. Annual average temperature is 17°C, and the average rain precipitation is around 446 mm. The winter cold blends with a noticeable lack of air humidity. Predominants winds comes from the north.

Crops
The main crop in Galeana is the potato, which is exported to different states and is also internationally shipped.

Tourist attractions

The municipality is known for its numerous tourist attractions. Probably the best known attraction is the Cerro del Potosí (Potosi's Mount), the highest mountain in the whole state, which rises over 3,600 meters above sea level.  On the Rayones-Galeana highway lies El Puente de Dios (God's Bridge), a majestic natural archway that lies on top of a small creek. El Pozo del Gavilán is an enormous, deep natural cenote, where diverse species live.  The Laguna de Labradores, in the capital, is a small lake connected to the Pozo del Gavilán.

References

Category:Municipalities of Nuevo León
Category:Populated places in Nuevo León


La Misión, Hidalgo

La Misión is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 179.9 km².
The first Spanish colonisers named the town "Cibola", and it was later named "The Mission" by the Franciscan friars that arrived there in later years.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 10,096.

See also
Cerro Prieto, Hidalgo

References

Category:Municipalities of Hidalgo (state)
Category:Populated places in Hidalgo (state)


Oak Tower

Oak Tower, also called the Bell Telephone Building, is a 28-story skyscraper in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri.

Hoit, Price & Barnes, a local firm that conceived many of Kansas City's landmark structures, designed the building in association with I.R. Timlin as the headquarters of the Bell Telephone Co.'s newly consolidated Southwestern System.

Ground was broken at Eleventh and Oak Streets in 1917, but due to shortages of manpower and materials during the First World War, construction was delayed and was not completed until 1920. The new building served as Southwestern Bell's general headquarters for only a year before the company moved its main office to St. Louis. Thereafter the tower served as the headquarters of Southwestern Bell's operations in Missouri.

The tower was originally 14 stories (185 feet), without any setbacks, but the fast-growing telephone company soon required more space. An addition completed in 1929 doubled the tower's height and made it the tallest building in Missouri until the Kansas City Power & Light Building surpassed it in 1931.

Oak Tower's top half was built with Haydite, the first modern structural lightweight  concrete, which had recently been invented and patented in Kansas City by Stephen J. Hayde. The tower's 1929 expansion was the first major project to use the new building material, and it allowed the addition of fourteen new stories, six more than would have been possible using conventional concrete.

The building's contractor, Swenson Construction Co., also built several other landmark Kansas City buildings including the Kansas City Power & Light Building, 909 Walnut, Jackson County Courthouse, Kansas City City Hall, Kansas City Live Stock Exchange and the Western Auto Building.

On January 11, 1965, during a snowstorm, a single-engine airplane crashed into the 28th story of the building at the corner facing Oak Street and 11th Street, killing all four people on board.

Oak Tower's original terra-cotta facade was covered in white stucco when it was sold in 1974.

Data center
Today Oak Tower is one of the key fiber transit buildings for Kansas City and houses a  Tier II data center. In 2013, the colocation data center is operated by Netsolus and is carrier neutral. In September 2018, the Tier II data center, operated by Netsolus, is  and is home to several key transit and telecommunications providers including Cogent, Verizon, and Zayo. Netsolus also operates data centers in Phoenix, Denver, and Omaha. Founded in 2000, Netsolus is located in Oak Tower at Suite 1640.

References

Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Kansas City, Missouri
Category:Office buildings completed in 1920
Category:Downtown Kansas City


Whitestone Academy

Whitestone Academy is a private co-ed school. The school is located in Whitestone, in the New York City borough of Queens. Nearby high schools are Bayside High School and Flushing High School.

Category:Private high schools in Queens, New York
Category:Private middle schools in Queens, New York
Category:Whitestone, Queens


Mone Boro Kosto

Mone Boro Kosto also () is a Bangladeshi Bengali language action film directed  by Shahin Shomon. The film released in 2009 all over Bangladesh. It was produced by Wajed Ali Sumon and distributed by S.M. Films. The film stars Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Nirab Hossain, and Keya. It is a remake of the 2008 Telugu film Souryam.

Cast
 Shakib Khan as Sangram
 Apu Biswas
 Nirab Hossain
 Keya as Shaon
Misha Sawdagor - Bodi
 Don
 Kabila
 Nishoran
 Probir Mitra
 Jacki Alamgir

Crew
 Director: Shahin-Sumon
 Producer: Wajed Ali Sumon
 Story: Abdullah Zahir Babu
 Script: Abdullah Zahir Babu
 Music: Shawkat Ali Emon
 Lyrics: Kabir Bakul
 Cinematography: Poner
 Editing: Touhid Hossain Chowdhury
 Distributor: S. M. Films

Technical details
 Format: 35 MM (Color)
 Original Language: Bengali
 Country of Origin: Bangladesh
 Date of Theatrical Release: 2009
 Year of the Product: 2008
 Technical Support: Bangladesh Film Development Corporation (BFDC)

Music

Mone Boro Kosto films music directed by Shawkat Ali Emon and the films lyrics by Kabir Bakul.

Soundtrack

References

Category:2009 films
Category:2000s action films
Category:Bangladeshi films
Category:Bangladeshi action films
Category:Bengali-language films
Category:Masala films
Category:Films scored by Shawkat Ali Emon
Category:2000s Bengali-language films
Category:Bangladeshi remakes of Indian films


Baby Case

Baby Case is a musical with book, music, and lyrics by Michael Ogborn. The show is based on the famous Lindbergh baby kidnapping, commonly known as the "Crime of the Century". The musical, which had its world premiere at the Arden Theatre Company in Philadelphia, has gone on to win multiple awards, including the "Best of Fest" award in the 2012 New York Musical Theatre Festival.

Productions
The musical originally ran at the Arden Theatre Company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as a part of its 2001/2002 season.

The musical had its New York debut in 2012 in the New York Musical Theatre Festival. Direction was by Jeremy Dobrish, with choreography by Warren Adams. The cast consisted of Will Reynolds, Anika Larsen, Melissa van der Schyff, Eugene Barry-Hill, Jason Collins, Hannah Elless, Tom Riis Farrell, Michael Thomas Holmes, Matthew G. Myers, Patricia Noonan, and Kurt Zischke.

Musical numbers

Act 1
American Hero - Ensemble
Nurse's Song - Betty Gow
Someone's Taken the Lindbergh Baby - Ensemble
To Search for You - Anne Lindbergh and Charles Lindbergh
Lullaby - Anne Lindbergh
Baby Case - William Randolph Hearst, Reporters, and Ensemble
A Picture of You - Photographer and Girls
Pull Over Here - William Allen and Girls
Dirty Dishes - Violet Sharpe
Over the Sea - Charles Lindbergh
Wake Up New York - Walter Winchell, Barry, Lyle, and Ensemble

Act 2
Baby Case (reprise) - Orchestra and Ensemble
Scapegoat - Bruno Hauptmann
Lawsuit Daddy - Mrs. Wilentz, Secretary, and Women
Flemington Jingle - Studio Sisters
Hauptmann Murdered the Lindbergh Baby! - Ensemble
Lucky Locks - Studio Sisters
Hour of Gold - St. Johns and Anne Lindbergh
If That's What Greets a Hero - Millard Whited and Company
Ladder Song - Ladder Lady
No, I Never Did - Bruno Hauptmann
Trial Drinking Song - Reporters and Ensemble
Unmerciful Hearts - Anna Hauptmann
Invitation to an Execution - Men
Execution March - Ensemble
One Little Boy - Anne Lindbergh
Over, Said, and Done - Ensemble

Reception
In her review of the New York Musical Theatre Festival production, Anita Gates of the New York Times wrote: "This production has rousing songs, big voices, stylish staging and choreography, first-rate lighting and handsome period costumes. And framing it with the radio bulletins of Walter Winchell (Michael Thomas Holmes), the celebrity-gossip king of his day, was a smart idea." The Huffington Post review wrote: "We were both overwhelmed by Ogborn's wit, juxtaposition of historical elements, his range of you-can't-keep-your-toes-from-tapping syncopation, his you-actually-walk-out-humming-them melodies and his handling of a complex and complicated subject...a cut above the original. Director Jeremy Dobrish deserves an E for Exceptionallly Excellent for his revisions."

Awards and nominations
The musical received 4 Barrymore Awards for Excellence in Theater in 2002, including Best Musical. In 2012, it received 4 NYMF awards in 2012, including Best of Fest.

References

Category:2002 musicals
Category:Cultural depictions of Charles Lindbergh
Category:Lindbergh kidnapping
Category:Musicals inspired by real-life events


Ahmed Ezz

Ahmed Ezz may refer to:

 Ahmed Ezz (actor)
 Ahmed Ezz (businessman)


Flora Philip

Flora Philip (19 May 1865 – 14 August 1943) was a Scottish mathematician, one of the first women to receive a degree from the University of Edinburgh and the first female member of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society.

Biography
She was born on 19 May 1865 in Tobermory, Mull to William Phillip, a civil engineer, and Isabella McDougall. She attended at Tain Academy and then moved to Edinburgh in 1883 to continue her education. At that time the law prevented women from studying at Scottish universities so she enrolled with the Edinburgh Association for the University Education of Women. In 1885 she was awarded the University of Edinburgh Certificate in Arts by University Principal Sir William Muir, for her studies in English literature, ethics, mathematics and physiology.

In December 1886 she became the first female member of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society despite not having a formal university degree.

In 1889 the Universities (Scotland) Act was passed allowing women to be admitted to Scottish universities for the first time. Philip matriculated at the University of Edinburgh and received her degree for her previous studies. On 13 April 1893 she and seven other women graduated from the University, becoming the first women to do so.

Philip taught at the St George's High School for Girls in Edinburgh until her marriage in 1893 to lawyer, George Stewart.

Philip died in 1943 at a nursing home and is buried in Dean Cemetery.

References

Category:1865 births
Category:1943 deaths
Category:Scottish mathematicians
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Women mathematicians


Arcot taluk

Arcot taluk is a taluk in Vellore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Arcot.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Arcot had a population of 247118 with 122941  males and 124177 females. There were 1010 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 71.68. Child population in the age group below 6 was 12439 Males and 11859 Females.

See also
Ponnam Mangalam

References

 India Study Channel

Category:Taluks of Vellore district


Anna Aleksandrova

Anna Aleksandrova (born 1 November 1929) is a Soviet hurdler. She competed in the women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1929 births
Category:Possibly living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Soviet female hurdlers
Category:Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


John Howson

John Howson ( – 6 February 1632) was an English academic and bishop.

Life
He was born in the London parish of St Bride's Church, and educated at St Paul's School.

He was a student and then a canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and Vice-Chancellor in 1602. James I of England appointed him to Chelsea College. He became rector of Brightwell Baldwin in 1608.

Conflicts in Oxford with Calvinist clergy led to his being accused in 1615 before the King of popery, by George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was able to convince the King that the charges were misplaced, and began to rise in the hierarchy, where he was an influence on the Arminian side. He was Bishop of Oxford from 1619, and Bishop of Durham from his translation there in September 1628.

He was buried in Old St Paul's Cathedral in London, but the grave and monument were destroyed in  the Great Fire of London in 1666. His name appears on a modern monument in the crypt, listing important graves lost in the fire.

Family
His daughter Anne married Thomas Farnaby.

References

|-

Category:1632 deaths
Category:Bishops of Durham
Category:Bishops of Oxford
Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Durham
Category:17th-century Anglican bishops
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral


Idania del Río

Idania del Río (born 1981) is a Cuban designer and graphic artist based in Havana, Cuba. She attended the Instituto Superior de Diseño Industrial (Higher Institute of Industrial Design) in Havana and graduated with a degree in Graphic Design and Visual Communication in 2004. Del Río's poster art has been featured in Cuban and international exhibitions, including designer Daniel Ryan Smith's 2007-2008 Seattle-Havana Poster Show, and Cuban curator Agapito Martínez's 2009 Ghost Posters and 2011 Últimas Escenas exhibits.

Del Río opened Clandestina, the first independently run Cuban design shop, in Old Havana with Spanish business partner Leire Fernández in February 2015. She was part of a group of Cuban business owners which met with U.S. President Barack Obama during his visit to Havana in April 2016.  Del Rio and Clandestina were covered in the documentary "StartUp Cuba Episode 6: Clandestina - Cuba's First Independent Fashion Brand".

References

Category:Cuban designers
Category:Cuban women artists
Category:Living people
Category:1981 births


Stephen Bennett (hurler)

Stephen Bennett (born 8 October 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays for Waterford Intermediate Championship club Ballysaggart and at inter-county level with the Waterford senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a full-forward.

Playing career

Blackwater Community School

Bennett first came to prominence as a hurler with Blackwater Community School in Lismore. He played in every grade of hurling and enjoyed some success. On 23 November 2011, Bennett scored ten points for Blackwater CS in their 0-11 to 0-08 defeat of Dungarvan Community School to win the Dean Ryan Cup. He also spent four years with the Blackwater CS senior hurling team in the Dr. Harty Cup.

University of Limerick

During his studies at the University of Limerick, Bennett was selected for the college's senior hurling team. On 11 March 2015, he came on as a substitute to win a Fitzgibbon Cup medal as UL defeated the Waterford Institute of Technology by 2-18 to 1-14 in a replay of the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.

Ballysaggart

Bennett first played hurling at juvenile and underage levels with Naomh Carthach, an amalgamation of Ballysaggart and Lismore. He eventually joined Ballysaggart's top adult team.

On 27 October 2013, he scored 1-12 when Ballysaggart defeated Tramore by 1-18 to 1-09 to win the Waterford Junior Championship. On 8 December, he lined out at full-forward against Feenagh-Kilmeedy in the final of the Munster Championship. He top scored with 1-07 and collected a winners' medal after the 3-12 to 0-15 victory. On 8 February 2014, Ballysaggart faced Creggan Kickhams in the All-Ireland final. Bennett top scored with 2-07 in the 5-12 to 2-21 draw. The replay on 15 February saw Bennett score 1-01 in the 1-07 to 1-11 defeat for Ballysaggart.

Waterford

Minor and under-21

Bennett first played for Waterford when he was selected for the minor team in advance of the 2012 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance on 2 May when he scored seven points in a 1-20 to 3-13 extra-time defeat by Clare. Waterford's  championship ended with a defeat by Tipperary at the semi-final stage, however, Bennett ended the season as Waterford's top scorer with 0-12.

Bennett was eligible for the minor grade again the following year. On 23 July 2013, he scored 3-02 when Waterford suffered a 1-20 to 4-08 defeat by Limerick in the Munster Championship final. On 8 September, Bennett lined out at right wing-forward when Waterford faced Galway in the All-Ireland final. He scored four points from play in the 1-21 to 0-16 victory.

After progressing onto the Waterford under-21 team, Bennett made his first appearance for the team on 16 July 2014. He scored a point after coming on as a substitute in a 3-18 to 0-16 defeat by Cork.

On 27 July 2016, Bennett lined out in his first Munster Championship final. He scored 1-01 from right corner-forward in the 2-19 to 0-15 defeat of Tipperary. On 10 September, Bennett was moved to full-forwrad for the All-Ireland final against Galway. He scored two goals in the 5-15 to 0-14 victory and collected a winners' medal in what was his last game in the grade. Bennett ended the season by being named Player of the Year.

Senior

Bennett was just 18-years-old when he was added to the Waterford senior team. He made his first appearance on 19 July 2014 when he came on as a 62nd-minute substitute for Liam Lawlor in a 3-15 to 2-15 defeat by Wexford.

On 3 May 2015, Bennett was a late change to the Waterford team that faced Cork in the 2015 National League final. He scored a point from left corner-forward and collected a winners' medal after the 1-24 to 0-17 victory. On 12 July 2015, Bennett lined out at right corner-forward in the Munster Championship final but was substituted by his brother Shane in the 0-21 to 0-16 defeat.

In November 2015, it was announced that Bennett would miss the 2016 National Hurling League after undergoing two hip operations. He made his return to the Waterford team on 5 June 2016 when he came on as a late substitute for Michael Walsh in a 1-21 to 0-17 defeat of Clare. On 10 July, Bennett was an unused substitute when Waterford suffered a 5-19 to 0-13 defeat by Tipperary in the Munster Championship final.

On 3 September 2017, Bennett was an unused substitute when Waterford faced Galway in the All-Ireland final. Waterford eventually lost the game by 0-26 to 2-17.

Career statistics

Honours

Blackwater Community School
Dean Ryan Cup (1): 2011

University of Limerick
Fitzgibbon Cup (1): 2015

Ballysaggart
Waterford Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2019
Munster Junior Club Hurling Championship (1): 2013
Waterford Junior Hurling Championship (1): 2013

Waterford
National Hurling League (1): 2015
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2016
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2016
All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (1): 2013

References

Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ballysaggart hurlers
Category:Waterford inter-county hurlers


Henderson reed warbler

The Henderson reed warbler (Acrocephalus taiti), also known as the Henderson reed-warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae.  It is found only on Henderson Island, part of the Pitcairn Islands.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

References

Henderson reed warbler
Category:Birds of Henderson Island
Henderson reed warbler
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Temporary satellite

A temporary satellite is an object which has been captured by the gravitational field of a planet and thus became the planet's natural satellite, but, unlike irregular moons of the larger outer planets of the Solar System, will eventually either leave its orbit around the planet or collide with the planet. The only observed examples are , a temporary satellite of Earth for nine months in 2006 and 2007, and , which was discovered in 2020. Some defunct space probes or rockets have also been observed on temporary satellite orbits.

In astrophysics, a temporary satellite is any body that enters the Hill sphere of a planet at a sufficiently low velocity such that it becomes gravitationally bound to the planet for some period of time.

Capture of asteroids

The dynamics of the capture of asteroids by Earth was explored in simulations conducted on a supercomputer, with results published in 2012. Of 10 million virtual near-Earth asteroids, 18,000 have been temporarily captured. Earth has at least one temporary satellite  across at any given time, but they are too faint to detect by current surveys.

According to the simulations, temporary satellites are typically caught and released when they pass one of two gravitational equilibrium points of the Sun and the planet along the line connecting the two, the L1 and L2 Lagrangian points. The captured asteroids typically have orbits very similar to the planet's (co-orbital configuration) and are captured most often when the planet is closest to the Sun (in the case of the Earth, in January) or furthest from the Sun (Earth: in July).

In strict sense, only bodies that complete a full orbit around a planet are considered temporary satellites, also called temporarily captured orbiters (TCO). However, asteroids not in a tight co-orbital configuration with a planet can be temporarily captured for less than a full orbit; such objects have been named temporarily-captured fly-bys (TCF). In a 2017 follow-up to the 2012 simulation study which also considered an improved model of near-Earth asteroid populations, 40% of captured objects were TCF. The combined number of TCO/TCF was found to be smaller than in the previous study, the maximum size of objects which can be expected to be orbiting Earth at any given moment was . In another 2017 study based on simulations with one million virtual co-orbital asteroids, 0.36% have been temporarily captured.

Examples

, two objects have been observed at the time when they were temporary satellites:  and 2020 CD3. According to orbital calculations, on its solar orbit,  passes Earth at low speed every 20 to 21 years, at which point it can become a temporary satellite again.

, there is one confirmed example of a temporarily captured asteroid that didn't complete a full orbit, . This asteroid was observed for a month after its discovery in November 1991, then again in April 1992, after which it wasn't seen until May 2017. After the re-discovery, orbital calculations confirmed that  was a temporary satellite of Earth in February 1992.

Artificial objects on temporary satellite orbits

The Earth can also temporarily capture defunct space probes or rockets travelling on solar orbits, in which case astronomers can't always immediately determine whether the object is artificial or natural. The possibility of an artificial origin has been considered for both  and .

The artificial origin has been confirmed in other cases. In September 2002, astronomers found an object designated J002E3. The object was on a temporary satellite orbit around Earth, leaving for a solar orbit in June 2003. Calculations showed that it was also on a solar orbit before 2002, but was close to Earth in 1971. J002E3 was identified as the third stage of the Saturn V rocket that carried Apollo 12 to the Moon. In 2006, an object designated 6Q0B44E was discovered on a temporary satellite orbit, later its artificial nature was confirmed, but its identity is unknown. Another confirmed artificial temporary satellite with unidentified origin is .

See also

 Near-Earth object
 Horseshoe orbit
 Quasi-satellite

References

Category:Moons


Agathotoma klasmidia

Agathotoma klasmidia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Mexico.

External links
  Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1-1295.

References

 Shasky, D.R. (1971) Ten new species of tropical Eastern Pacific Turridae. The Veliger, 14, 67–72, 1 pl.

klasmidia
Category:Gastropods described in 1971


St Vigeans

St Vigeans is a small village and parish in Angus, Scotland, immediately to the north of Arbroath.  Originally rural, it is now more or less a suburb of the town of Arbroath.

History
The name St Vigeans is derived from Vigeanus, a Latinised form of the Old Irish name Féichín.  Saint Feichin flourished in the 7th century.  There is no record of his having visited what is now Scotland, but followers of his cult may have founded a monastery among the Picts at St Vigeans as early as the 8th century.  This is shown by the unusual dedication, and especially by the collection of more than thirty elaborately carved stones preserved in the St Vigeans Sculptured Stones Museum (converted from an old cottage) in the village (Historic Scotland; key from Arbroath Abbey visitor centre).  The collection includes cross-slabs, some with Pictish symbols, cross fragments, recumbents, and architectural fragments.  It is one of the largest and finest in Scotland of its period, and includes stonework dating from the 8th-12th centuries.  Most of the stones were recovered from the parish church, into whose walls they had been incorporated as building rubble during the Middle Ages, during 19th-century 'restoration' work.  Further fragments remain in the church's walls.

A monastic context for the St Vigeans' sculptures is suggested by some of the stones showing representations of clerics and patristic scenes. The so-called "Drosten Stone" features a much-analyzed  Hiberno-Saxon inscription.

The presence of a formerly important, but moribund or redundant, monastic establishment at St Vigeans may have led William I of Scots to found nearby the Tironensian monastery of Arbroath Abbey, the former monastery's lands being donated to the new foundation.

St Vigeans Church  served as parish church to the inhabitants of Arbroath up to the Reformation.  Built of the local red sandstone, it was a large and impressive example of a Scottish medieval parish kirk.  Its situation on top of a prominent, steep-sided mound (presumably of glacial origin, though doubtless 'improved' by landscaping) is striking.  Dating in part from the 12th century, but largely 15th century in date, the church unfortunately underwent a drastic 'restoration' in the late 19th century which, while it uncovered many Pictish fragments, also replaced most of the original architectural features of the church.  It retains its internal round-pillared arcades, but all the doors and windows were renewed, so their original appearance has been lost.  The western tower was also heightened and 'improved' by adding a castellated top and cap-house.  The 18th-century headstones in the kirkyard, some of which are notably well carved, are interesting examples of folk-art, characteristic of Angus.
There was once a legend that the kirk was built with stones used by an enslaved Kelpie, and for several years the local congregation would not enter the kirk during certain services for fear the building would collapse due to the Kelpie's curse.

The old village of St Vigeans consisted of a single street of red sandstone cottages flanking the foot of the church mound.  These have been attractively restored and are well maintained.  The Brothock Burn runs past the village and so through Arbroath (formerly Aberbrothock [and variants]), and is crossed by a bridge of 17th-century origin.  The village lacks a shop or post-office, but does have a large public hall.

Notable residents
 Joseph Anderson, antiquarian, museum keeper and author (1832-1916), grew up in St Vigeans
 Isabella Carrie, secret suffragette, was born here in 1878.

References

Category:Villages in Angus
Category:Arbroath


Ourilândia do Norte

Ourilândia do Norte is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.

The city is served by Ourilândia do Norte Airport.

See also
List of municipalities in Pará

References

Category:Municipalities in Pará


Amadu Bukari Sorogho

Amadu Bukari Sorogho is a Ghanaian politician. He was the member of parliament for the Abokobi-Madina Constituency from 7 January 2005 to 6 January 2013. From 7 January 2013 to 6 January 2017, he was the member of parliament for the Madina Constituency.

Early life and education
Sorogho was born on 5 May 1955. He hails from Bawku, in the Upper East Region of Ghana. He obtained his bachelor of arts in political science from the University of Ghana in 1981 and later proceeded to the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA) for his post graduate studies graduating in 1993. He received a certificate in Trade and Finance from the World Bank Institute, Washington in 2009.

Career
Sorogho is a Human Resource Manager and Public Relations Consultant by profession. Prior to entering politics, he was the Human Resource and Public Relations Consultant Manager for Desimone Group Of Companies Limited in Accra.

Politics
Sorogho entered parliament on 7 January 2005 on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) representing the Abokobi-Madina Constituency. He represented the constituency from 2005 until 2012 when the constituency was split. From 7 January 2013 until 6 January 2017 he was the member of parliament for the Madina Constituency. He contested for the seat for a second consecutive term but lost to Saddique Boniface Abu-Bakar of the New Patriotic Party during the 2016 Ghanaian general election. In 2018 he cotested for the post of National Vice Chairman of the NDC but lost to Said Sinare.

Personal life
Sorogho is married with six children. He identifies as a Muslim.

References

Category:Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009
Category:Ghanaian MPs 2009–2013
Category:Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017
Category:1955 births
Category:Living people


Natural abundance

In physics, natural abundance (NA) refers to the abundance of isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found on a planet. The relative atomic mass (a weighted average, weighted by mole-fraction abundance figures) of these isotopes is the atomic weight listed for the element in the periodic table. The abundance of an isotope varies from planet to planet, and even from place to place on the Earth, but remains relatively constant in time (on a short-term scale).

As an example, uranium has three naturally occurring isotopes: 238U, 235U and 234U. Their respective natural mole-fraction abundances are 99.2739–99.2752%, 0.7198–0.7202%, and 0.0050–0.0059%. For example, if 100,000 uranium atoms were analyzed, one would expect to find approximately 99,274 238U atoms, approximately 720 235U atoms, and very few (most likely 5 or 6) 234U atoms. This is because 238U is much more stable than 235U or 234U, as the half-life of each isotope reveals: 4.468 × 109 years for 238U compared with 7.038 × 108 years for 235U and 245,500 years for 234U.

Exactly because the different uranium isotopes have different half-lives, when the Earth was younger, the isotopic composition of uranium was different. As an example, 1.7×109 years ago the NA of 235U was 3.1% compared with today's 0.7%, and for that reason a natural nuclear fission reactor was able to form, something that cannot happen today.

However, the natural abundance of a given isotope is also affected by the probability of its creation in nucleosynthesis (as in the case of samarium; radioactive 147Sm and 148Sm are much more abundant than stable 144Sm) and by production of a given isotope as a daughter of natural radioactive isotopes (as in the case of radiogenic isotopes of lead).

Deviations from natural abundance
It is now known from study of the sun and primitive meteorites that the solar system was initially almost homogeneous in isotopic composition. Deviations from the (evolving) galactic average, locally sampled around the time that the sun's nuclear burning began, can generally be accounted for by mass fractionation (see the article on mass-independent fractionation) plus a limited number of nuclear decay and transmutation processes. There is also evidence for injection of short-lived (now extinct) isotopes from a nearby supernova explosion that may have triggered solar nebula collapse. Hence deviations from natural abundance on earth are often measured in parts per thousand (per mille or ‰) because they are less than one percent (%).

The single exception to this lies with the presolar grains found in primitive meteorites. These bypassed the homogenization, and often carry the nuclear signature of specific nucleosynthesis processes in which their elements were made. In these materials, deviations from "natural abundance" are sometimes measured in factors of 100.

Natural abundance of some elements
The next table gives the terrestrial isotope distributions for some elements. Some elements like phosphorus and fluorine only exist as a single isotope, with a natural abundance of 100%.

See also
 Abundance of the chemical elements
 Decay product
 Isotope
 Presolar grains
 Radionuclide

Footnotes and References

External links
 Berkeley Isotopes Project Interactive Table
 Scientific Instrument Services List
 Tools to compute low and high precision isotopic distribution

Category:Chemical properties
Category:Isotopes


Four exponentials conjecture

In mathematics, specifically the field of transcendental number theory, the four exponentials conjecture is a conjecture which, given the right conditions on the exponents, would guarantee the transcendence of at least one of four exponentials.  The conjecture, along with two related, stronger conjectures, is at the top of a hierarchy of conjectures and theorems concerning the arithmetic nature of a certain number of values of the exponential function.

Statement

If x1, x2 and y1, y2 are two pairs of complex numbers, with each pair being linearly independent over the rational numbers, then at least one of the following four numbers is transcendental:

An alternative way of stating the conjecture in terms of logarithms is the following.  For 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 2 let λij be complex numbers such that exp(λij) are all algebraic.  Suppose λ11 and λ12 are linearly independent over the rational numbers, and λ11 and λ21 are also linearly independent over the rational numbers, then

An equivalent formulation in terms of linear algebra is the following.  Let M be the 2×2 matrix

where exp(λij) is algebraic for 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 2.  Suppose the two rows of M are linearly independent over the rational numbers, and the two columns of M are linearly independent over the rational numbers.  Then the rank of M is 2.

While a 2×2 matrix having linearly independent rows and columns usually means it has rank 2, in this case we require linear independence over a smaller field so the rank isn't forced to be 2.  For example, the matrix

has rows and columns that are linearly independent over the rational numbers, since π is irrational.  But the rank of the matrix is 1.  So in this case the conjecture would imply that at least one of e, eπ, and eπ ² is transcendental (which in this case is already known since e is transcendental).

History

The conjecture was considered as early as the early 1940s by Atle Selberg who never formally stated the conjecture.  A special case of the conjecture is mentioned in a 1944 paper of Leonidas Alaoglu and Paul Erdős who suggest that it had been considered by Carl Ludwig Siegel.  An equivalent statement was first mentioned in print by Theodor Schneider who set it as the first of eight important, open problems in transcendental number theory in 1957.

The related six exponentials theorem was first explicitly mentioned in the 1960s by Serge Lang and Kanakanahalli Ramachandra, and both also explicitly conjecture the above result.  Indeed, after proving the six exponentials theorem Lang mentions the difficulty in dropping the number of exponents from six to four — the proof used for six exponentials “just misses” when one tries to apply it to four.

Corollaries

Using Euler's identity this conjecture implies the transcendence of many numbers involving e and π.  For example, taking x1 = 1, x2 = , y1 = iπ, and y2 = iπ, the conjecture — if true — implies that one of the following four numbers is transcendental:

The first of these is just −1, and the fourth is 1, so the conjecture implies that eiπ is transcendental (which is already known, by consequence of the Gelfond–Schneider theorem).

An open problem in number theory settled by the conjecture is the question of whether there exists a non-integral real number t such that both 2t and 3t are integers, or indeed such that at and bt are both integers for some pair of integers a and b that are multiplicatively independent over the integers.  Values of t such that 2t is an integer are all of the form t = log2m for some integer m, while for 3t to be an integer, t must be of the form t = log3n for some integer n.  By setting x1 = 1, x2 = t, y1 = log2, and y2 = log3, the four exponentials conjecture implies that if t is irrational then one of the following four numbers is transcendental:

So if 2t and 3t are both integers then the conjecture implies that t must be a rational number.  Since the only rational numbers t for which 2t is also rational are the integers, this implies that there are no non-integral real numbers t such that both 2t and 3t are integers.  It is this consequence, for any two primes not just 2 and 3, that Alaoglu and Erdős desired in their paper as it would imply the conjecture that the quotient of two consecutive colossally abundant numbers is prime, extending Ramanujan's results on the quotients of consecutive superior highly composite number.

Sharp four exponentials conjecture

The four exponentials conjecture reduces the pair and triplet of complex numbers in the hypotheses of the six exponentials theorem to two pairs.  It is conjectured that this is also possible with the sharp six exponentials theorem, and this is the sharp four exponentials conjecture.  Specifically, this conjecture claims that if x1, x2, and y1, y2 are two pairs of complex numbers with each pair being linearly independent over the rational numbers, and if βij are four algebraic numbers for 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 2 such that the following four numbers are algebraic:

then xi yj = βij for 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 2.  So all four exponentials are in fact 1.

This conjecture implies both the sharp six exponentials theorem, which requires a third x value, and the as yet unproven sharp five exponentials conjecture that requires a further exponential to be algebraic in its hypotheses.

Strong four exponentials conjecture

The strongest result that has been conjectured in this circle of problems is the strong four exponentials conjecture.  This result would imply both aforementioned conjectures concerning four exponentials as well as all the five and six exponentials conjectures and theorems, as illustrated to the right, and all the three exponentials conjectures detailed below.  The statement of this conjecture deals with the vector space over the algebraic numbers generated by 1 and all logarithms of non-zero algebraic numbers, denoted here as L∗.  So L∗ is the set of all complex numbers of the form

for some n ≥ 0, where all the βi and αi are algebraic and every branch of the logarithm is considered.  The statement of the strong four exponentials conjecture is then as follows.  Let x1, x2, and y1, y2 be two pairs of complex numbers with each pair being linearly independent over the algebraic numbers, then at least one of the four numbers xi yj for 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 2 is not in L∗.

Three exponentials conjecture

The four exponentials conjecture rules out a special case of non-trivial, homogeneous, quadratic relations between logarithms of algebraic numbers.  But a conjectural extension of Baker's theorem implies that there should be no non-trivial algebraic relations between logarithms of algebraic numbers at all, homogeneous or not.  One case of non-homogeneous quadratic relations is covered by the still open three exponentials conjecture.  In its logarithmic form it is the following conjecture.  Let λ1, λ2, and λ3 be any three logarithms of algebraic numbers and γ be a non-zero algebraic number, and suppose that λ1λ2 = γλ3.  Then λ1λ2 = γλ3 = 0.

The exponential form of this conjecture is the following.  Let x1, x2, and y be non-zero complex numbers and let γ be a non-zero algebraic number.  Then at least one of the following three numbers is transcendental:

There is also a sharp three exponentials conjecture which claims that if x1, x2, and y are non-zero complex numbers and α, β1, β2, and γ are algebraic numbers such that the following three numbers are algebraic

then either x2y = β2 or γx1 = α x2.

The strong three exponentials conjecture meanwhile states that if x1, x2, and y are non-zero complex numbers with x1y, x2y, and x1/x2 all transcendental, then at least one of the three numbers x1y, x2y, x1/x2 is not in L∗.

As with the other results in this family, the strong three exponentials conjecture implies the sharp three exponentials conjecture which implies the three exponentials conjecture.  However, the strong and sharp three exponentials conjectures are implied by their four exponentials counterparts, bucking the usual trend.  And the three exponentials conjecture is neither implied by nor implies the four exponentials conjecture.

The three exponentials conjecture, like the sharp five exponentials conjecture, would imply the transcendence of eπ² by letting (in the logarithmic version) λ1 = iπ, λ2 = −iπ, and γ = 1.

Bertrand's conjecture

Many of the theorems and results in transcendental number theory concerning the exponential function have analogues involving the modular function j.  Writing q = e2πi for the nome and j() = J(q), Daniel Bertrand conjectured that if q1 and q2 are non-zero algebraic numbers in the complex unit disc that are multiplicatively independent, then J(q1) and J(q2) are algebraically independent over the rational numbers.  Although not obviously related to the four exponentials conjecture, Bertrand's conjecture in fact implies a special case known as the weak four exponentials conjecture.  This conjecture states that if x1 and x2 are two positive real algebraic numbers, neither of them equal to 1, then π² and the product  are linearly independent over the rational numbers.  This corresponds to the special case of the four exponentials conjecture whereby y1 = iπ, y2 = −iπ, and x1 and x2 are real.  Perhaps surprisingly, though, it is also a corollary of Bertrand's conjecture, suggesting there may be an approach to the full four exponentials conjecture via the modular function j.

Notes

References

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External links

Category:Conjectures
Category:Transcendental numbers
Category:Exponentials
Category:Unsolved problems in mathematics


Douglas SASSTO

Douglas Aircraft's SASSTO, short for "Saturn Application Single Stage to Orbit", was a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) reusable launch system designed by Philip Bono's team in 1967. SASSTO was a study in minimalist designs, a launcher with the specific intent of repeatedly placing a Gemini capsule in orbit for the lowest possible cost. The SASSTO booster was based on the layout of the S-IVB upper stage from the Saturn family, modified with a plug nozzle. Although the SASSTO design was never followed up at Douglas, it is widely referred to in newer studies for SSTO launchers, notably the MBB "Beta" (Ballistisches Einstufiges Traeger-Aggregat) design, which was largely an updated version of SASSTO.

History
In 1962 NASA sent out a series of studies on post-Apollo launch needs, which generally assumed very large launchers for a manned mission to Mars. At Douglas, makers of the S-IVB, Philip Bono led a team that studied a number of very large liquid-fueled boosters as a way to lower the cost of space exploration. His designs were based on an economy of scale which makes larger rockets more economical than smaller ones as the structure accounts for less and less of the overall weight of the launcher. At some point the dry weight of the launcher becomes lower than the payload it can launch, after which increases in payload fraction are essentially free. However, this point is crossed at relatively large vehicle sizes - Bono's original OOST study from 1963 was over  long - and this path to lower costs only makes sense if there is an enormous amount of payload that needs to be launched.

After designing a number of such vehicles, including ROOST and the ROMBUS/Ithacus/Pegasus series, Bono noticed that the S-IVB stage, then just starting to be used operationally, was very close to being able to reach orbit on its own if launched from the ground. Intrigued, Bono started looking at what missions a small S-IVB-based SSTO could accomplish, realizing that it would be able to launch a manned Gemini capsule if it was equipped with some upgrades, notably an aerospike engine that would improve the specific impulse and provide altitude compensation. He called the design "SASSTO", short for "Saturn Application Single-Stage To Orbit".

These same upgrades would also have the side-effect of lowering the weight of the SASSTO compared to the original S-IVB, while at the same time increasing its performance. Thus the study also outlined a number of ways that it could be used in place of the S-IV in existing Saturn IB and Saturn V stacks, increasing their performance. When used with the existing Saturn I lower stage, it would improve payload to low earth orbit from 35,000 to , or  if the landing gear were removed and it was expended like the S-IVB. SASSTO would thus give NASA a short-term inexpensive manned launch capability, while also offering improved heavy-launch capability on the existing Saturn infrastructure.

SASSTO required a number of new technologies, however, which made development risky. In particular, the performance of the aerospike engine had to be considerably higher than the J-2 it would replace, yet also offer the ability to be restarted multiple times as the single engine was used for launch, de-orbit and landing. Of particular note was the final landing burn, which required the engines to be restarted at  during the descent. The vehicle's weight was also greatly reduced, almost by half, which would not have been trivial considering the relatively good performance of the S-IVB design.

Design
Although the SASSTO claimed the S-IVB as its starting point, this was a conceit, and the vehicle had little in common with the S-IVB except its size.

The internal fuel tankage was considerably different than in the S-IV. The LH2 was no longer cylindrical, but spherical, and moved to the forward location in the fuselage. The LOX tankage, originally on top of the LH2, was re-positioned into a series of smaller spherical tanks arranged in a ring below the LH2. The tanks were all moved forward within the airframe compared to the engine, all of these changes being made in order to reduce changes in the center of gravity as the fuel was burned off. The fuselage section immediately above the engine was necked down, forming what appeared to be a larger single plug. The upper section of the fuselage, over the top of the hydrogen tank, was likewise necked down.
]]
In order to increase the amount of LH2 being carried, given the fixed dimensions, SASSTO proposed freezing 50% of the fuel to produce a slush hydrogen mixture. This improvement was not uncommon in designs of the era, although it was not until the 1990s that any serious development work on the concept was carried out.

The rearmost portion of the spacecraft was a single large plug nozzle, fed by a series of 36 injectors operating at 1500 psia, producing  of thrust. Since plug nozzles gain efficiency as they grow larger, the 465 sec specific impulse (compared to the J-2's 425) was not particularly aggressive. The engine also served as the primary heat shield, actively cooled by liquid hydrogen that was then dumped overboard.

Four landing legs extended from fairings on the fuselage sides, retracting to a point about even with the "active" portion of the engine area. Four clusters of small maneuvering engines were located between the legs, about half-way from front to back along the fuselage. A series of six smaller tanks arranged in the gaps between the LOX and LH2 tanks fed the maneuvering engines.

SASSTO delivered  of cargo to a  orbit when launched due east from the Kennedy Space Center. Empty  weight was , considerably lighter than the S-IVB's , and gross lift off weight was . The typical payload was the Gemini, which was covered with a large aerodynamic fairing.

Re-entry maneuverability was through a blunt-body lifting profile, similar to the Apollo CSM. The cross-range was limited, about , and there was basically no maneuverability at all on final approach. There was enough fuel for about 10 seconds of hovering and small maneuvers to select a flat landing spot. Because SASSTO was the same basic size as the S-IVB, Douglas proposed transporting it in the existing Aero Spacelines Super Guppy after landing at either Wendover Air Force Base in Utah, or Fort Bliss outside El Paso, Texas.

Developments
Dietrich Koelle used SASSTO as the starting point for a similar development at Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm in the late 1960s. Unlike Bono's version, Koelle used as much existing technology and materials as possible, while abandoning the need for the specific S-IVB sizing. The result was a slightly larger spacecraft, the Beta, that launched  of payload without the use of slush fuel, advanced lightweight construction, or a real aerospike engine. As part of the Beta proposal, Koelle pointed out that even the existing S-IVB could reach orbit, with zero payload, if equipped with a high-pressure LOX/LH2 engine of 460 Isp.

Gary Hudson later pointed out that such an engine existed, the RS-25, using a RS-25-powered S-IVB as a thought experiment to demonstrate the real-world feasibility of SSTO launchers. This study was part of his "Phoenix" series of launchers, all similar to the SASSTO.

See also
List of space launch system designs

References

Notes

Bibliography

Philip Bono, Kenneth William Gatland and John William Wood, "Frontiers of Space", Macmillan, 1969,
Dietrich Koelle, "Beta, A Single Stage Reusable Ballistic Space Shuttle Concept", IAF Congress, 1970

Further reading

Philip Bono et al., "The Saturn S-IVB as a Test-Bed for Booster Recovery", Douglas Engineering Paper 3808, 6th European Symposium on Space Technology, May 1966
Philip Bono, "The reusable booster paradox - aircraft technology or operations", Spaceflight, Volume 9 (1967), pp. 379–387

External links
SASSTO - Encyclopedia Astronautica
PC-compatible flight simulation for the SASSTO.  Requires prior installation Orbiter general space flight simulator package, both Orbiter and SASSTO are freeware.

Category:NASA space launch vehicles
Category:Single-stage-to-orbit
Category:Space Shuttle program
Category:Cancelled space launch vehicles


Choi Chung-seok

Choi Chung-seok (born 3 April 1940) is a South Korean former sports shooter. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1940 births
Category:Living people
Category:South Korean male sport shooters
Category:Olympic shooters of South Korea
Category:Shooters at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Shooters at the 1974 Asian Games
Category:Shooters at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Asian Games medalists in shooting
Category:Asian Games silver medalists for South Korea
Category:Medalists at the 1974 Asian Games


Geology of Hainan Island

Hainan Island, located in the South China Sea off the Chinese coast and separated from mainland China by the Qiongzhou Strait, has a complex geological history that it has experienced multiple stages of metamorphism, volcanic and intrusive activities, tectonic drifting and more. The oldest rocks, the Proterozoic metamorphic basement, are not widely exposed, but mostly found in the western part of the Island.

Hainan is mainly covered by igneous rocks emplaced from Permian through Cretaceous periods. Structurally, there are two main sets of faults, one trending east and the other northeast. The formation of the oldest fault, Gezhen shear fault, can even be dated back to the Precambrian times.

The multiple stages of granitoid emplacements through its geological history have made Hainan Island rich in various types of ore deposits, including gold, molybdenum, lead, zinc, silver, etc. According to the distribution of the ore deposits, the Island is generally divided into 6 ore-forming provinces. Regarding the present geological activities, small earthquakes are still happening, while the volcanoes are inactive.

Lithology and geological setting

Precambrian (older than 542 million years ago)

The Precambrian rock layers are not well exposed in Hainan Island where the outcrops are mainly found in its western part. The crustal basement of the Island had an earliest age probably up to ca. 4000 to 3800 Ma. The continental crust was then reworked in the later geological history. The Paleoproterozoic or older basement identified with the age of ca. 2560 Ma showed granulite facies metamorphism which mainly had an assemblage of gneissic amphibolite, charnockite and granulite.

Baoban Group
The Baoban Group generally showed greenschist and amphibolite facies metamorphism which could also be separately identified as the Upper Ewenling Formation and the Lower Gezhencun Formation.

During Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic, the Island was in a spreading arc basin system. The rifting provided a depositional environment for the Baoban Group in ca. 1800–1450 Ma. It was then intruded by Mesoproterozoic granites at ca. 1450–1430 Ma. This was evidenced by the protolith of the Group, being interlayers of clastic-sedimentary rocks, pyroclastic and volcanic rocks which were mafic to intermediate in nature. The regional metamorphism experienced by the Baoban Group was caused by the South China Jinningian event in which the Cathaysia Block fused with the Yangtze Block in Late Mesoproterozoic. The event also led to deposition of Shilu Group and Shihuiding Formation.

Shilu Group and Shihuiding Formation

The Shilu Group was composed of siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks from shallow oceanic rifting environment with low grade metamorphism.

Conformably lying above the Shilu Group was the Shihuiding Formation which was generally low-grade, siliciclastic rocks deposited in foreland basin. The sedimentation took place in the period between Late Mesoproterozoic and Early Neoproterozoic. The rocks were then regionally metamorphosed in the late South China Jinningian event.

Paleozoic (251–542 million years ago)

Cambrian (488–542 million years ago)
The Cambrian rocks are exposed in the Southern Hainan Island which was composed of fine-grained shale and limestone deposited in shallow oceanic and coastal environment.

In this layer of rocks, trilobite fossils were identified that when comparing them with those discovered in Queensland, Australia, geologists found the two were actually associated with each other, hence this relationship is used to prove for the tectonic movement of Hainan Island at this geological time. This shows that after the break up of Rodinia at the end of Neoproterozoic, Hainan Island as part of the South China Block drifted towards the Australian continental plate, resulting in a comparable trilobite fossils record in both places. At the stage of Rodinia breakup, the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Block were drifted apart.

Ordovician (423-488 million years ago)
Ordovician rocks from the Northern and Southern Hainan Island show different characteristics. Rocks in the southern areas were sedimentary rocks deposited at the landward side of a coast, with distinctive features of having different grain sizes from black shale, lithic sandstone to conglomerate, as well as having both siliciclastic sedimentary rocks and limestones.

On the other hand, Ordovician rocks found in the northern areas were interlayers of fine-grained siliciclastic rocks deposited in marine environment, extrusive igneous and pyroclastic rocks. The volcaniclastic rocks were exhibiting low-grade metamorphism. These Ordovician rocks lied on top of the Cambrian rocks without unconformity.

Silurian (416–423 million years ago)
Continuous rock records were found from Ordovician to Silurian Periods. Silurian rocks were mainly composed of interlayers of tuffaceous rocks and fine-grained clastic rocks formed in marine environment. The rocks were metamorphosed in which some showed phyllitic characteristics.

As in Cambrian, the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Block were drifted apart at the stage of Rodinia breakup. During Middle Ordovician to Late Silurian, these two previously drifted apart blocks were collided with each other again, forming the large South China Block. This event is referred as the South China Caledonian orogeny which probably took place in 430–400 Ma. There exhibited an angular unconformity in high angles between the Silurian rocks and the Carboniferous rocks in which the Devonian units were missing.

Carboniferous and Permian (251–359 million years ago)

Above the angular unconformity, the Carboniferous and Permian units lied conformably with each other, both having similar characteristics in the rock layers. They showed low-grade metamorphism in siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks deposited in shallow to deep marine environment with fine-to-medium grain size. Also, there were granites (syenogranites and monzogranites) intruded at the age of ca. 300–250 Ma. They were generally seen with foliations as well.

In Northern Hainan, there is a prominent fault, the Changjiang-Qionghai fault, along which shows the traces where the oceanic basin rifted apart under consistent extension in Late Paleozoic. The Cambrian and Permian units were then deposited in the basin. Also, it is suggested that from the Late Devonian to Permian, Hainan Island as part of the South China Block drifted towards the Southeast Asian crustal plate in the north, breaking away from the East Gondwana. As a result, there was an unconformity between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic units.

Mesozoic (65.5–251 million years ago)
At around ca. 250 Ma, the oceanic basin was closed that the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust disappeared and the supercontinent Pangea was shaped. The two massive masses adjacent to the oceanic basin then collided towards each other, forming Shilu mélange.

Triassic (200–251 million years ago)
There are few traces of Early Triassic units found in Hainan Island. The rocks showed a range of grain sizes from fine-grained materials, such as siltstones and argillites, to detritus-bearing sandstones to course-grained materials such as conglomerates. This suggested a foreland basin as its depositional environment. At the same time, there was also intrusive activities at Early Mesozoic ca. 250–200 Ma, majorly producing granites (syenogranites and monzogranites).

Jurassic and Cretaceous (65.5–200 million years ago)

In Middle-Jurassic, Hainan Island was in place at the back-arc rifting system. Until Early Cretaceous, the Paleo-pacific oceanic plate was then subducted under the South China Block in the northwest. As a result, the intrusive activities took place frequently as well.

The granitoids produced in Jurassic, ca. 173–150 Ma, had similar composition with those produced in Triassic. The Cretaceous units are well exposed on Hainan Island. It can be divided into five stratigraphical units according to the geological sequence. The rocks were mainly igneous in nature, including granites, andesites, dacites, rhyolites, mafic dykes, etc. It is researched that the granitoid intrusive rocks had an age of ca. 131–73 Ma.

Under the continuous extension system, there were large-scale volcanisms taken place during Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic.

Cenozoic (present–65.5 million years ago)
In Cenozoic, South China Sea was opened, placing Hainan Island in the environment with large-scale volcanisms. As a result, volcanic rocks, typically basalt, are the most prominent rock type in this period of time which are now mainly exposed in the northern part of the Island.

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Structure

There are dominantly two sets of fault system existed in Hainan Island, one set was trending east and the other was trending northeast. Wangwu-Wenchang fault, Changjiang-Qionghai fault, Jianfeng-Diaoluo fault and Jiusuo-Lingshui fault are the major east-trending faults, while Gezhen shear fault and Baisha fault are the dominant northeast-trending faults on the Island.

Each of the faults has its own geological influence to the present rock unit distributions and structures. For example, with the formation of Gezhen shear fault in South China Jinningian event, the Precambrian rock units were exposed in the Western Hainan Island. Changjiang-Qionghai fault recorded the rifting of the oceanic basin in Late Paleozoic.

Regarding the Gezhen shear fault, it transformed from ductile shearing in the beginning to brittle-ductile and finally to brittle shearing through several tectonic events. To be specific, it was ductile in nature during the South China Caledonian orogeny in which the large South China Block was formed. It then became brittle-ductile in nature in Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic when the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic basin was closed. At last, the Gezhen shear fault transformed to brittle shearing in Late Mesozoic.

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Ore deposits
Due to the multiple stages of granitoid emplacements through its geological history, they have made Hainan Island rich in various types of ore deposits, including gold, molybdenum, lead, zinc, silver, etc. Here will highlight the formation of gold and molybdenum deposits.

It is verified that Hainan Island processes more than 143 tons of gold deposits which are formed in Mesozoic Era in response to the subduction of Paleotethys oceanic plate and its subsequence intrusion of granitoids. The deposits are generally found along the detachment faults that are closely related to folding and deformation on the Island, while they are hosted by the metamorphosed volcanoclastic rocks ranging from the Precambrian to Paleozoic Era.

Hainan Island is also an important producer of molybdenum. The molybdenum deposits are generally formed by the granitoid emplacements during Cretaceous Period. According to the chemical analysis of the deposits, they can be further divided into three stages of depositions.

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Present geological activities
In general, there are still some small earthquakes happening on the Island in present days. It is recorded by the Global Positioning System that there is a horizontal movement of the island in southeast direction at a rate of around 4.01 to 6.70 mm per year, while the vertical movement causing the island to uplift is at an overall rate of 2.4 mm per year. Different parts of the Island have different velocities in vertical movements.

In the northern part of Hainan Island, there were approximately 100 volcanoes producing lava which covered more than 4000 km2 of the area mainly in Quaternary and some in Tertiary Period. At present, the volcanos are estimated to be inactive.

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References

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Category:Geography of Hainan
Category:Geology of China


Miroslav Neušel

Miroslav Neušel (born 5 February 1996) is a Slovak footballer who currently plays for MFK Dukla Banská Bystrica as a midfielder.

Club career

FK Dukla Banská Bystrica
Neušel made his Fortuna Liga's debut for Dukla Banská Bystrica on 18 October 2014 against Spartak Myjava.

References

External links
 Eurofotbal profile

 Futbalnet profile

Category:1996 births
Category:Living people
Category:Slovak footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:FK Dukla Banská Bystrica players
Category:MFK Dukla Banská Bystrica players
Category:Slovak Super Liga players


United Front (disambiguation)

The United Front may refer to:

 United front, a term generally used by communists and anarchists
 Specific organizations and alliances:
 United Front (Afghanistan)
 Anguilla United Front
 United Front (East Pakistan)
 United Front (India)
 United Front of Mozambique
 United Front (Sri Lanka)
 First United Front, an alliance between the nationalists and communists of China to end the Warlord era
 Second United Front, an alliance between the nationalists and communists of China against Japanese forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War
 United Front (People's Republic of China)
 United Front (1967), a political coalition in West Bengal, India
 United Front (Kerala), a political coalition in Kerala, India
 Saptakakshi Munnani, also known as United Front, a political coalition in Kerala, India
 United Front Doctrine
 United Front: Brass Ecstasy at Newport, a 2011 album by Dave Douglas

See also
 United Democratic Front (disambiguation)
 Popular front
 National Front (disambiguation)
 United Front (China) (disambiguation)
 United Front Games