The Boat Race 1935

The 87th Boat Race took place on 6 April 1935.  Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  Umpired by former Oxford rower  Robert Bourne, Cambridge won by four and a half lengths in a time of 19 minutes 48 seconds.  The record twelfth consecutive victory took the overall record in the event to 46–40 in Cambridge's favour.

Background

The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues").  The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the  Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London.  The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide.  Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1934 race by four and a quarter lengths, and led overall with 45 victories to Oxford's 40 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).

Cambridge's coaches were D. H. E. McCowen (who had rowed in the 1932 race) and, according to the rowing correspondent for The Times, "two eminent Metropolitan coaches" in R. A. Nisbet and C. H. Rew. Oxford were coached by Francis Escombe and Peter Haig-Thomas, both of whom previously coached the Light Blues, and former Light Blue rower Kenneth Payne (who rowed for Cambridge in the 1932 and 1934 races).  The race was umpired by former Oxford rower and boat club president Robert Bourne who had stroked the Dark Blues to four consecutive victories between 1909 and 1912, while the finishing judge was C. W. Kent.  Both boats were made by Sims and both crews used Ayling's oars.

The rowing correspondent for The Times noted that "neither crew is exceptionally fast" and suggested that Oxford's heavier crew would out-perform Cambridge, who he claimed "will be seen at their best in calm conditions".  As a result of Oxford's practice rows during the period running up to the race, former Dark Blue rower E. P. Evans, writing in The Manchester Guardian, stated "Cambridge are now at the zenith of their power and are not likely to improve, whilst Oxford are still in the stages of reaching perfection".

Crews
The Oxford crew weighed an average of 12 st 13 lb (81.9 kg),  per rower more than their opponents.  Cambridge saw four participants with Boat Race experience return to the crew, including cox Noel Duckworth.  The Light Blue crew also included a pair of brothers in Annesely and Desmond Kingsford.  Oxford's crew also contained four former Blues, including P. R. S. Bankes and John Couchman, both of whom were rowing in their third consecutive race.  All of the race participants were registered as British.

Race

Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Oxford.  The umpire Bourne started the race at 2:48 p.m. in strong and gusty wind, and rough water. The Light Blues made the quicker start, out-rating Oxford by three strokes within the first minute, and led by half a length.  Thirty seconds later, Cambridge were clear and were further ahead by Craven Steps.  By the end of the Fulham Wall, Duckworth steered directly towards the Surrey shore in an attempt to find shelter from the conditions.  A spurt from the Dark Blues made no difference to the gap and Cambridge passed the Mile Post almost two lengths ahead.  Another spurt from Oxford at Harrods Furniture Depository once again made no impact on the deficit and Cambridge passed below Hammersmith Bridge with a lead of three lengths.

Intelligent steering from C. G. F. Bryan, the Oxford cox, saw the Dark Blues "hugging the Surrey bank" to reduce the Cambridge lead to about a length by Chiswick Eyot.  It was short-lived however, as Bryan steered back over towards the Middlesex side of the river, losing his crew a length in doing so and moving into rougher water, and by Chiswick Steps, the Light Blues were four and a half lengths ahead.  Cambridge's stroke Ran Laurie called for a spurt and by the time they passed under Barnes Bridge they were five lengths ahead.  They crossed to the Middlesex side of the river before passing the finishing post with a lead of four and a half lengths in a time of 19 minutes 48 seconds.  It was a record twelfth victory for the Light Blues and took the overall record in the event to 46–40 in their favour.  Former Oxford rower E. P. Evans, writing in The Manchester Guardian, stated that Cambridge "won in the easiest manner possible, having led from start to finish" and described the race as a "fiasco".  The rowing correspondent for The Times suggested that "never was it so obvious after the first few strokes that there was only one crew in the race ... Oxford's form was too bad to be true."

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
 Official website

Category:1935 in English sport
Category:1935 in rowing
Category:The Boat Race
Category:April 1935 sports events


Issa Fall

Issa Fall (born 1947) is a Senegalese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Senegalese male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Senegal
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Danny Clark

Danny Clark may refer to:

Danny Clark (baseball) (1894–1937), American baseball player
Danny Lee Clark (born 1964), American actor, best known for American  Gladiators
Danny Clark (cyclist) (born 1951), Australian racing cyclist and Olympic medalist
Danny Clark (American football) (born 1977), American football player

See also

Dan Clark (disambiguation)
Daniel Clark (disambiguation)


Brothers Keepers

Brothers Keepers is a German-based transnational anti-racism project, bringing together hip hop, reggae and soul musicians, headed primarily by Afro-Germans.

History
The idea for the project took root when a German of Mozambiquan origin, named Alberto Adriano, was brutally killed by neo-Nazis in Dessau in 2000. A group of musicians decided to organize and fight back.

The following quote is about Adriano's death and its effect.

Original:

English:

Brothers Keepers has local groups active in information campaigns, presenting teach-ins at schools etc. However the project primarily gained prominence in Germany through the collaborative album, Lightkultur. The title is a pun on conservative politician Günther Beckstein’s term "deutsche Leitkultur" ("German leading culture"), demanding that foreigners subject themselves to the supposed standards of German culture. The album features German musicians such as Torch, Samy Deluxe, Afrob, Denyo from the Beginner and D-Flame. The proceeds of this album went to charity.

Politicization/Critique

Gender Dynamics
Brothers Keepers presented themselves and delivered their message in traditionally masculine ways. Their presentation was heavily influenced by the Black masculinity of mainstream American Hip-Hop, but maintained a distinctly Afro-German identity and spoke to Afro-German issues. Especially in lyrics and videos that were explicitly against Nazism and anti-Blackness in Germany, they formed a confrontational masculine collectivity. This was reaffirmed by their exclusion of women from their music and videos, an absence which they claimed was due to female performers being pregnant or on maternity leave. Some of the female performers in question, Sisters Keepers, contrasted with that masculinity with a rhetoric of peace and coalition-building rather than direct confrontation. In fact, in the music video for Sisters Keepers's "Liebe und Verstand," members of Brothers Keepers make visual and auditory cameos, giving the song a gendered authenticity. Although Brothers Keepers sought to reaffirm Afro-German identity with a masculinist perspective, it is important to note that the formation of the Afro-German identity was done largely by Afro-German women. Black Lesbian feminist theorist and poet Audre Lorde can be identified as instrumental in facilitating contemporary articulations of Black Germanness. In 1984, Lorde visited Berlin and met with Black German women (such as Maya Ayim, Katharina Oguntoye, and Ika Hügel-Marshall) and coined the term "Afro-German". Following the consolidation of terminology, a movement emerged led by the publication of Farbe bekennen (Showing Our Colours: Afro-German Women Speak Out). Then, several organizations coalesced to critique the racism of the German feminist movement, including “‘Initiative Schwarze Deutsche’ (ISD), and ‘Afro-deutsche Frauen’ (ADEFRA)” (ibid). These organizations’ early activities involved publishing magazines and organizing the first Black History Month celebrations in Berlin. They were foundational for community building along gendered and racialized lines in Germany and elsewhere, and they were pioneered by Afro-German women. As hip-hop became means of forwarding Afro-German activism, Brother Keepers’ select historical consciousness demonstrates how “the strong presence of women – articulate, feminist, often lesbian – in the first decades of the Afro-German struggle has been hard for young male MCs to stomach, given that they generally model themselves after images of black masculinity that are often deeply sexist and homophobic” (ibid). In other words, “By relegating female performers to the margins... Brothers Keepers runs counter to the strong presence of women and feminism in the history of Afro-German political organizing”. Brother Keepers’ female counterpart, Sisters Keepers, emerged as an ostensible afterthought, and in their collaboration, Sisters Keepers were relinquished to the background as apolitical and demure sidekicks. This representation is a far cry from the true role Afro-German women have played in activism. Sisters Keepers later diverged from Brother Keepers, renaming themselves to “Sisters” and releasing the more radical record “Gender Riots” in 2008.

Song lyrics
The lyrics on the album are influenced by Black Power rhetoric and are militantly anti-Nazi, proposing solutions to racism ranging from education to violence. The militancy is especially well illustrated in the German Top 10 hit "Adriano", a seven-minute tour de force produced by DJ Desue, featuring the crème of German rap. Its video shows a procession of rappers, marching as a united front and the chorus, sung by South African-descended R&B star Xavier Naidoo, goes thus:

Original:

English:

or

The project is not limited to Germany. It focuses on manifestations of the African diaspora throughout the world and is supported by international artists such as Jamaican reggae musician Ziggy Marley and Senegalese mbalax musician Youssou N'Dour. There is also a UK Brothers Keepers, which, while lacking the organizational superstructure of its German counterpart, contributed a track to Lightkultur.

There is also a female version of this Movement/Band called the Sisters Keepers consisted of Nadja Benaissa, Ayọ, Kaye, Nicole Hadfield (), and Tamika, along with Tesiree, Lisa, Mamadee, Pat and Meli (, ) with Onejiru (Pielina Schindler).

Controversy and Criticism
Brothers Keepers faced much criticism and disapproval despite being one of the first groups of Afro-German hip-hop artists that broke into the mainstream while addressing the struggles behind the Afro-German racial identity. On the one hand, the rappers are denounced for being "too German." As described by Fatima El-Tayeb, "Black Germans’ attempt to make their country their home by creating a space for themselves on its imaginary map – a step which, if successful, would mean a dramatic reconfiguration of ‘Germanness’ – is held against them by exactly those white Germans who most decry the nation’s anachronistic and exclusionary concept of identity."  On the other hand, they are also criticized, mostly by white German liberals, for being too Black, racially exclusive, and anti-multicultural. They also received charges for perpetuating male dominance and masculinity that undermines the notable role that women and feminism asserted during the early stages of the Hip Hop movement. The main concern is that while they have made significant contributions to the protest against racial divides and essentialization for the Afro-German community in large, they might have done so in a way that fails to subvert gender stereotypes and is quite often offensive, if not hostile, towards women.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Performers
A list is available on the website.

Adé Bantu
Afrob
Chima
Denyo
D-Flame
Don Abi
Ebony Prince, Germ
Eased of Seeed
Gentleman
Harry Belafonte
Joachim Deutschland
Jah Meek
Nosliw
Ono Ngcala
Patrice Bart-Williams
Such A Surge
Sékou
Samy Deluxe
Toni L
Torch
Tyron Ricketts
UB40
Xavier Naidoo
Youssou N’Dour
Ziggy Marley

References

External links

Category:African diaspora in Germany
Category:Anti-racism in Germany
Category:German music


Eadwig

Eadwig, also spelled Edwy ( 940 – October 959), sometimes called the All-Fair, was King of England from 955 until his premature death.

The elder son of Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury, Eadwig became king in 955 aged 15 following the death of his uncle Eadred. Eadwig's short reign was tarnished by disputes with nobles and men of the church, including Archbishops Dunstan and Oda. He died in 959, having ruled less than four years. He was buried in the capital Winchester. His brother Edgar the Peaceful succeeded him.

King of England

Feud with Dunstan
According to the earliest life of St Dunstan, written around the year 1000, Eadwig left the banquet which followed his coronation in Kingston upon Thames, and was found cavorting with a noblewoman named Æthelgifu and her daughter. Dunstan dragged him back to the banquet, earning the enmity of Eadwig and the two women, and at Æthelgifu's instigation Dunstan was deprived of his abbacy of Glastonbury and forced into exile.

The contemporary record of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports Eadwig's accession and Dunstan fleeing England, but does not explain why Dunstan fled. Thus this report of a feud between Eadwig and Dunstan could either have been based on a true incident of a political quarrel for power between a young king and powerful church officials who wished to control the king and who later spread this legend to blacken his reputation, or it could be mere folklore; the Chronicle also tells of Oda putting aside the King's marriage on the grounds Eadwig and his wife were "too related".

The account of the quarrel with Dunstan and Cynesige, bishop of Lichfield at the coronation feast is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and in the later chronicle of John of Worcester and was written by monks supportive of Dunstan's position. The "cavorting" in question consisted of Eadwig (then only 16) being away from the feast with Ælfgifu and her mother Æthelgifu. He later married Ælfgifu, who seems to have been the sister of Æthelweard the Chronicler. Æthelweard describes himself as the "grandson's grandson" of King Æthelred I. Eadwig was the son of King Edmund the Magnificent, grandson of King Edward the Elder, great-grandson of King Alfred the Great, and therefore great-great-nephew of King Æthelred I. Eadwig and Ælfgifu were therefore third cousins once removed.

Annulment of marriage
The annulment of the marriage of Eadwig and Ælfgifu is unusual in that it was against their will, clearly politically motivated by the supporters of Dunstan. The Church at the time regarded any union within seven degrees of consanguinity as incestuous.  At the time, "degree" was reached by counting up to the common ancestor: a second cousin would have been related within the third degree.

Division of the Kingdom
Dunstan, whilst in exile, became influenced by the Benedictines of Flanders. A pro-Dunstan, pro-Benedictine party began to form around Athelstan Half-King's domain of East Anglia and supporting Eadwig's younger brother Edgar.

Frustrated by the king's impositions and supported by Archbishop Oda of Canterbury, the Thanes of Mercia and Northumbria switched their allegiance to Eadwig's brother Edgar. In 957, rather than see the country descend into civil war, the nobles agreed to divide the kingdom along the Thames, with Eadwig keeping Wessex and Kent in the south and Edgar ruling in the north.

Eadwig died on 1 October 959 and was buried in the New Minster, Winchester. He was succeeded by his brother Edgar, who reunited the kingdom.

Charter evidence

Eadwig is known for his remarkable generosity in giving away land. In 956 alone, his sixty odd gifts of land make up around 5% of all genuine Anglo-Saxon charters. No known ruler in Europe matched that yearly total before the twelfth century, and his cessions are plausibly attributed to political insecurity.

In art and literature
The history of Eadwig's reign caught the British imagination in the later 18th century, and was represented in paintings and drama, in particular, by numerous works to 1850. Artists who tackled the subjects it suggested included William Bromley, William Hamilton, William Dyce, Richard Dadd, and Thomas Roods. Literary works were written by Thomas Sedgwick Whalley, Thomas Warwick, and Frances Burney, who wrote a play entitled Edwy and Elgiva.

See also

House of Wessex family tree

References

External links

Category:Medieval child rulers
Category:940s births
Category:959 deaths
Category:Burials at Winchester Cathedral
Category:10th-century English monarchs
Category:Christian monarchs
Category:House of Wessex
Category:Monarchs of England before 1066


Michael & George: Feinstein Sings Gershwin

Michael & George: Feinstein Sings Gershwin is a 1998 album by American vocalist Michael Feinstein of songs composed by George Gershwin. It was Feinstein's third album of Gershwin's music, following Pure Gershwin (1987) and Nice Work If You Can Get It: Songs by the Gershwins (1996).

Reception

The Allmusic review by Rodney Batdorf awarded the album two stars, yet, somewhat incongruent with this rating, also said the album is "a joyous, irresistible album illustrating that not only is Feinstein's knowledge of Gershwin deep, but also that he knows how to keep the music alive with fresh, vibrant performances and arrangements".

Track listing
 "Embraceable You" - 4:39
 "Nobody but You" (Buddy DeSylva, Arthur Jackson) - 3:52
 "Love Is Here to Stay" - 4:10
 "Do It Again" (DeSylva) - 4:23
 "Of Thee I Sing" - 3:47
 "Funny Face" - 2:50
 "Lonely Boy" (DuBose Heyward) - 4:11
 "Shall We Dance?" - 3:41
 "Oh, Gee! Oh, Joy!" (P. G. Wodehouse) - 3:10
 "Delishious" - 5:25
 "I'll Build a Stairway to Paradise" (DeSylva) - 3:20
 "Love Walked In" - 4:36
 "Comes the Revolution" - 0:57
 "Soon" - 3:19
 "Swanee" (Irving Caesar)

All music composed by George Gershwin, and all lyrics written by Ira Gershwin. Other lyricists indicated.

Personnel
Michael Feinstein - vocals, arranger, piano, liner notes
David Tobocman - arranger, engineer, producer, programming, synthesizer orchestration
Bruce Roberts - arranger, producer, programming, background vocals
Chuck Berghofer - double bass
Adrian Rosen
Albie Berk - drums
Mike Fletcher
Gary Foster - flute, alto flute, alto saxophone
Jim Fox - guitar
Frederico Ramos
Stan Freeman - piano
Novi Novog - viola
Arnold McCuller - background vocals

References

Category:Concord Records albums
Category:Michael Feinstein albums
Category:1998 albums


State Wide Area Network

A State Wide Area Network (SWAN) is one of the core infrastructure components under the National e-Governance Plan of the Government of India. The main purpose of this network is to create a dedicated Closed User Group (CUG) network and provide a secured and high speed connectivity for Government functioning and connecting State Headquarters, District Headquarters, Blocks Headquarters. The SWAN project, which forms a strategic component of the National eGovernance Plan, was approved in March 2005.

Introduction
SWAN is an approved scheme of Department of IT of Government of India claimed to bring speed, efficiency, reliability and accountability  of Government-to-government functions. It is one of the core infrastructure components under NeGP and was planned as a converged backbone network for voice, video and data communications across each of the 29 States and 6 Union Territories. Common Service Centers (CSC) schemes would serve as the end delivery points. The Department of Information Technology, Government of India, is the nodal department for each SWAN implementation. The scheme was a “centralized initiative with decentralized implementation”. SWANs across the country are expected to cover at least 50000 departmental offices through 1 million (10 lacs) route kilometers of communication links.

Objectives
 The SWAN aims to create a dedicated closed user group (CUG) network of minimum speed of 2 Mbit/s by connecting around 7500 points of presence (PoPs), providing data, voice & Video connectivity to more than 50,000 government offices.
Efficient Delivery : The network aims at increasing the efficiency of the government delivery mechanism and optimize the performance.
Reliable Connectivity: SWAN would provide reliable, vertical and horizontal connectivity within the State / UT administration and would facilitate electronic transactions between all the government departments.
To ensure desired quality of service (QoS) by the network operator and the bandwidth service provider, a third party audit (TPA) mechanism monitors the performance of each SWAN. The third party audit agency performs for five years from the date of final acceptance test of the network and primarily monitor the compliance of the service-level agreement (SLA) which the State / UT would enter with the Network Operator and also with the Bandwidth Service Provider.

History

Andhra Pradesh State Wide Area Network

First statewide network in the country APSWAN providing Voice, Video and Data services thereby enabling video-conferencing between the then united A.P. Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu and others in the Capital with district officials was conceived and implemented in 1999.

This was executed under BOOT Model with the duration of 5+ years by United Telecoms Limited in a record time. The Network connected the united Andhra Pradesh State Secretariat at Hyderabad with the Other Government offices across the state using leased lines.

The project was taken up by the Chandrababu Naidu government as part of `Vision 2020,' initiated by him in an effort to bringing in transparency and accountability in state administration.

Gujarat State Wide Area Network

The GSWAN is the first end-to-end IP network and the largest network in the Asia Pacific region at the time of its implementation in the year 2001-02. This connects the State Secretariat in Gandhinagar, the Capital of Gujarat, with other Government offices across the state on Leased Lines.

In its first phase, 25 district headquarters and 225 Talukas were connected through a huge network of optical fiber cables to the Sachivalaya and even to ministers' residences at Gandhinagar, the state capital.

The then Chief Minister of Gujarat Narendra Modi said "Gujarat will ride GSWAN", during his inaugural speech at the Communication & Information Technology (CIT), Ahmedabad.

Jharkhand State Wide Area Network

JharNet (JharNet) is one of the largest e-governance network in South East Asia with 90% horizontal offices connected through optical fiber and wireless. United Telecoms Limited has implemented the State Wide Area Network project where the Government offices in the districts, Sub Divisional Headquarters and the Blocks are networked with the State Headquarters at Ranchi for providing Voice, Video and Data Services. JharNet made extensive use of Wireless Network as well as Optical fiber to connect to remote office apart from the traditional Leased Lines.

Kerala State Wide Area Network

For Departments like the Revenue, Registration, Rural Development, Food and Civil Supplies Department, Police etc., Kerala SWAN provides advantages like high degree of citizen interaction. In Departments like Taxes and Treasury, the revenue augmentation will be enormous.

Goa Broad Band Network

GBBN is the Next-generation network (NGN) project, which is unique and the first of its kind in India. This is also the first fully fiber based network in the country. GBBN, the Gigabit scale Next Generation Network convergence is a Quadruple play providing convergence of Broadband, Telephony, Data and Television. GBBN also involves deployment of most modern networking technologies like Gigabit Passive optical network (GPON), Fiber-to-Home (FTTH) and Fiber-to-Business (FTTB) technologies.

Architecture
The SWAN is required to be an open standards based, scalable, high capacity network to carry voice, data and video traffic between the designated State Government offices at the State, district and sub division / block levels. The connectivity to the end-user is based on either one or more of the standard technologies such as leased circuits, VSAT, radio frequency dial-up circuits or using appropriate Ethernet ports for the individual offices. The network would have single point gateways of adequate capacity connected to the Internet. The entire SWAN architecture is logically divided into two components.

Vertical component
The vertical component of SWAN is implemented using multi-tier architecture (typically, three-tier) with the State/UT Headquarters (SHQ ) connected to the each District Headquarters (DHQ) which in turn gets connected to the each Block Headquarters (BHQ).
Primary Tier consisting of SHQ
Secondary Tier consisting of DHQs
Tertiary Tier consisting of SDHQs/BHQs

Horizontal component
The Horizontal component of SWAN is composed of horizontal offices spread across the State. All vertical PoPs of SWAN will have various Horizontal connectivity. In horizontal component, the government departments at each tier are connected to the respective PoPs.

Implementation
There are two options to the State Governments for State Wide Area Network establishment. The first option is the public–private partnership (PPP) model for operation and maintenance of the Network. In the PPP model State/UT identifies a suitable PPP model and selects an appropriate Network Operator agency through a suitable competitive bid process. The second option is designating National Informatics Centre (NIC) as the prime implementation agency for the SWAN as an integral part of NICNET. In the NIC model the State / UT designates NIC as the prime implementation agency for SWAN for establishment, operation and maintenance of the Network. NIC in turn would identify a Facility Management Service (FMS) agency for the State / UT concerned, to manage day-to-day management and operation of the network. Department of IT support covers the entire cost of establishment, operation and maintenance of the SWAN for a period of five years on 100% grant basis. A majority of the States / UTs have opted for the PPP model. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited has been identified as a preferred bandwidth service provider for SWANs.

References

External links
 Ministry of Information Technology SWAN scheme page
 Common Service Center scheme connectivity options official page
 PPP route to increase broadband penetration
 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu unveils APSWAN
 AP Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu inaugurated the APSWAN
 Andhra Pradesh Networked
 First Phase of GSWAN
 Jharkhand connects all treasuries to JHARNET
 KSWAN Presentation - Karnataka State Wide Area Network
 GBBN details

Category:E-government in India


Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)

On the 3rd December 1998 a Yugoslav border patrol was attacked by a group of nine Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) fighters attempting to illegally cross the border between Albania and Yugoslavia. Eight militants were killed in the ensuing exchange, while the border patrol suffered no casualties. This was the most serious armed incident in Kosovo since a truce between the KLA and the Yugoslav security forces had taken effect that October.

Timeline

Background
In 1989, Belgrade abolished self-rule in Serbia's two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo. Kosovo, a province inhabited predominantly by ethnic Albanians, was of great historical and cultural significance to Serbs, who had formed a majority there before the mid-19th century, but by 1990 represented only about 10 percent of the population. Alarmed by their dwindling numbers, the province's Serbs began to fear that they were being "squeezed out" by the Albanians, and ethnic tensions worsened. As soon as Kosovo's autonomy was abolished, a minority government run by Serbs and Montenegrins was appointed by Serbian President Slobodan Milošević to oversee the province, enforced by thousands of heavily armed paramilitaries from Serbia-proper. Albanian-language newspapers, television and radio stations were shut down, as were Albanian-language schools and colleges. All of the Albanian professors at the University of Pristina lost their jobs, as did hundreds of thousands of other Albanians working in state-owned companies.

In 1996, a ragtag group of Albanian nationalists calling themselves the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) began attacking the Yugoslav Army (; VJ) and the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs (; MUP) in Kosovo, with the goal of separating the province from the rest of Yugoslavia, which by then was just a rump federation consisting of Serbia and Montenegro. At first, the KLA carried out hit-and-run attacks—31 in 1996, 55 in 1997, and 66 in January and February 1998 alone. It quickly gained popularity among young Kosovo Albanians, many of whom rejected the non-violent resistance to Yugoslav authorities advocated by the politician Ibrahim Rugova and favoured a more aggressive approach. The organization received a significant boost in 1997, when an armed uprising in neighbouring Albania led to thousands of weapons from the Albanian Army's depots being looted. Many of these weapons ended up in the hands of the KLA, which already had substantial resources due its involvement in the trafficking of drugs, weapons and people, as well as through donations from the Albanian diaspora. The group's popularity skyrocketed after the VJ and MUP attacked the compound of KLA leader Adem Jashari in March 1998, killing him, his closest associates and most of his family. The attack motivated thousands of young Kosovo Albanians to join the ranks of the KLA, fueling the Kosovar uprising that eventually erupted in the spring of 1998.

The Kosovo conflict escalated over the summer of 1998. In October, Milošević and U.S. envoy Richard Holbrooke reached an agreement to temporarily end the fighting. The agreement came after Holbrooke convinced the KLA to consider negotiations with Belgrade while making it clear to Milošević that failing to find a peaceful solution to the conflict would lead to a NATO bombing campaign against Serbia. By December, over 1,000 people had been killed and more than 300,000 displaced.

Clash
According to Yugoslav officials, nine Albanian militants who were illegally attempting to enter Yugoslavia opened fire on a group of border guards early in the morning of December 3. Eight of the militants were killed in the ensuing shootout. The border guards did not suffer any casualties. Albanian sources identified the fallen KLA militants as Skënder Hameli (from Prizren), Muhamet Malësori, Hysni Duraku, and Isak, Ismet, Sedat, Hyda and Sinan Hoti (all from Orahovac). Their bodies were recovered by Yugoslav authorities, and later taken to a Prizren morgue so that autopsies could be performed. With the post-mortems complete, the militants' bodies were handed over to their families, and were buried the following day in their native villages.

This was the most serious armed incident between the forces of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević and the KLA since a truce had been negotiated a month-and-a-half earlier. Less than two weeks later, another altercation took place near the site of the clash, this time a Yugoslav Army ambush in which more than 30 KLA militants were killed.

Notes

Category:Conflicts in 1998
Category:1998 in Kosovo
Category:1998 in Yugoslavia
Category:Military operations of the Kosovo War
Category:December 1998 events in Europe
Category:Albania–Serbia relations


List of Tortricidae genera

This is a taxonomy of the moth family Tortricidae down to genus level. This classification is up-to-date to 2008, taking information from the Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae and taxonomic changes made in 2007.

Subfamily Tortricinae

Tribe Archipini

 Abrepagoge
 Acroceuthes
 Acropolitis
 Adoxophyes
 Allodemis
 Ancyroclepsis
 Aneuxanthis
 Anisotenes
 Anthophrys
 Antiphrastis
 Aphelia
 Aphthonocosma
 Archepandemis
 Archidemis
 Archips
 Argyrotaenia
 Aristocosma
 Arizelana
 Ascerodes
 Asteriognatha
 Atelodora
 Authomaema
 Avaria
 Bactrostoma
 Balioxena
 Battalia
 Borboniella
 Borneogena
 Brachyvalva
 Cacoecimorpha
 Callibryastis
 Capua
 Carphomigma
 Catamacta
 Ceramea
 Ceritaenia
 Chionothremma
 Chiraps
 Choanograptis
 Choristoneura
 Claduncaria
 Clepsis
 Coeloptera
 Cornuclepsis
 Cornusaccula
 Cosmiophrys
 Cryptomelaena
 Cryptoptila
 Ctenopseustis
 Cudonigera
 Cununcus
 Cuspidata
 Daemilus
 Dentisociaria
 Diactora
 Dicanticinta
 Dicellitis
 Dichelia
 Dichelopa
 Diedra
 Digitosa
 Diplocalyptis
 Ditula
 Droceta
 Durangarchips
 Dynatocephala
 Ecclitica
 Egogepa
 Electraglaia
 Epagoge
 Epalxiphora
 Epichorista
 Epichoristodes
 Epiphyas
 Ericodesma
 Eurythecta
 Exorstaenia
 Furcataenia
 Furcinula
 Gelophaula
 Geogepa
 Gephyraspis
 Glyphidoptera
 Gnorismoneura
 Gongylotypa
 Goniotorna
 Harmologa
 Hectaphelia
 Heterochorista
 Hiceteria
 Homona
 Homonoides
 Homonopsis
 Hypsidracon
 Idolatteria
 Isochorista
 Isodemis
 Isotenes
 Labidosa
 Leontochroma
 Leptochroptila
 Leucotenes
 Lozotaenia
 Lozotaeniodes
 Lumaria
 Mantua
 Meridemis
 Merophyas
 Mesocalyptis
 Metamesia
 Midaellobes
 Minutargyrotoza
 Neocalyptis
 Niphothixa
 Notioclepsis
 Nuritamburia
 Ochetarcha
 Ochrotaenia
 Orilesa
 Panaphelix
 Pandemis
 Paradichelia
 Paramesia
 Paramesiodes
 Paraphasis
 Pararrhaptica
 Periclepsis
 Peteliacma
 Petridia
 Phaenacropista
 Philedone
 Philedonides
 Philocryptica
 Phlebozemia
 Planostocha
 Planotortrix
 Platyhomonopsis
 Platysemaphora
 Procalyptis
 Procrica
 Pseudeulia
 Pteridoporthis
 Pternozyga
 Ptycholoma
 Ptycholomoides
 Pyrgotis
 Pyrsarcha
 Saetotaenia
 Scotiophyes
 Snodgrassia
 Sorensenata
 Spheterista
 Spinotaenia
 Sychnochlaena
 Sychnovalva
 Syndemis
 Tacertaenia
 Terricula
 Terthreutis
 Thrincophora
 Tosirips
 Tremophora
 Tuckia
 Ulodemis
 Vialonga
 Viettea
 Williella
 Worcesteria
 Xeneda
 Xenophylla
 Xenotemna
 Xenothictis
 Zacorisca

Tribe Atteriini

 Anacrusis
 Archipimima
 Atteria
 Holoptygma
 Sisurcana
 Templemania
 Tina
 Tinacrucis

Tribe Ceracini

 Bathypluta
 Cerace
 Eurydoxa
 Pentacitrotus

Tribe Cnephasiini

 Amphicoecia
 Archicnephasia
 Astrosa
 Cnephasia
 Decodes
 Decodina
 Doloploca
 Drachmobola
 Eana
 Epicnephasia
 Exapate
 Immariana
 Kawabeia
 Mictoneura
 Neosphaleroptera
 Oxypteron
 Paranepsia
 Propiromorpha
 Protopterna
 Pseudargyrotoza
 Sphaleroptera
 Stenopteron
 Synochoneura
 Taeniarchis
 Tortricodes
 Xerocnephasia

Tribe Cochylini

 Acarolella
 Actihema
 Aethes
 Aethesoides
 Agapeta
 Amallectis
 Anielia
 Aphalonia
 Aprepodoxa
 Banhadoa
 Belemgena
 Caraccochylis
 Carolella
 Cartagogena
 Ceratoxanthis
 Chloanohieris
 Cirrothaumatia
 Cochylidia
 Cochylidichnium
 Cochylimorpha
 Cochylis
 Combosclera
 Commophila
 Coristaca
 Cryptocochylis
 Deltophalonia
 Diceratura
 Dinophalia
 Empedcochylis
 Enallcochylis
 Eugnosta
 Eupoecilia
 Falseuncaria
 Fulvoclysia
 Geitocochylis
 Gryposcleroma
 Gynnidomorpha
 Henricus
 Hypostromatia
 Hysterophora
 Juxtolena
 Lasiothyris
 Lincicochylis
 Lorita
 Maricaona
 Marylinka
 Mielkeana
 Mimcochylis
 Mimeugnosta
 Monoceratuncus
 Mourecochylis
 Oligobalia
 Parirazona
 Perlorita
 Phalonidia
 Phaniola
 Phtheochroa
 Phtheochroides
 Planaltinella
 Platphalonidia
 Prochlidonia
 Prohysterophora
 Revertuncaria
 Rigidsociaria
 Rolandylis
 Rudenia
 Saphenista
 Spinipogon
 Tambomachaya
 Tenoa
 Thyraylia
 Thysanphalonia
 Trachybyrsis
 Velhoania
 Vermilphalonia

Tribe Epitymbiini

 Aeolostoma
 Anisogona
 Aplastoceros
 Apoctena
 Asthenoptycha
 Capnoptycha
 Cleptacaca
 Epitymbia
 Goboea
 Macrothyma
 Meritastis
 Mimeoclysia
 Pandurista
 Polydrachma
 Rhomboceros
 Sperchia
 Trychnophylla

Tribe Euliini

 Abancaya
 Accuminulia
 Acmanthina
 Acroplectis
 Albadea
 Anopina
 Anopinella
 Apolychrosis
 Apotomops
 Argentulia
 Atepa
 Badiaria
 Belemclepsis
 Bicavernaria
 Bidorpitia
 Bolbia
 Bonagota
 Brazeulia
 Brusqeulia
 Chamelania
 Chapoania
 Characovalva
 Chicotortrix
 Chileulia
 Chilips
 Chinchipena
 Chrysoxena
 Cincorunia
 Circapina
 Clarkenia
 Clarkeulia
 Colosyta
 Corneulia
 Coryssovalva
 Crocotania
 Cuproxena
 Cylichneulia
 Deltinea
 Deltobathra
 Dimorphopalpa
 Ditrifa
 Dogolion
 Dorithia
 Ecnomiomorpha
 Eliachna
 Eriotortrix
 Eristparcula
 Ernocornutia
 Ernocornutina
 Eubetia
 Eulia
 Euryeulia
 Ewunia
 Exoletuncus
 Galomecalpa
 Gauruncus
 Gnatheulia
 Gorytvesica
 Gravitcornutia
 Haemateulia
 Harposcleritia
 Hasteulia
 Helicteulia
 Hynhamia
 Hypenolobosa
 Hyptiharpa
 Icteralaria
 Imelcana
 Inape
 Joaquima
 Lanacerta
 Limeulia
 Liobba
 Lobogenesis
 Lydontopa
 Marcelina
 Meridulia
 Meyathorybia
 Moneulia
 Monimosocia
 Monochamia
 Moronanita
 Moronata
 Neoeulia
 Neomarkia
 Nesochoris
 Netechma
 Netechmina
 Netechmodes
 Nunimeus
 Odonthalitus
 Oregocerata
 Ortognathosia
 Oryguncus
 Ozotuncus
 Palusita
 Paramonochamia
 Paraneulia
 Paraptila
 Paratepa
 Parexoletuncus
 Pinhaisania
 Placabis
 Popayanita
 Proathorybia
 Proeulia
 Psedaleulia
 Pseudapina
 Pseudomeritastis
 Psiathovalva
 Ptoseulia
 Ptychocroca
 Ptyongnathosia
 Punctapinella
 Punoa
 Pycnocornuta
 Quasieulia
 Ramaperta
 Ranapa
 Razowskiina
 Rebinea
 Recintona
 Rhythmologa
 Romanaria
 Rubroxena
 Saetosacculina
 Sagittranstilla
 Saopaulista
 Searenia
 Seticosta
 Simanica
 Sinxema
 Strophotina
 Subrebinea
 Subterinebrica
 Subtranstillaspis
 Tapinodoxa
 Telurips
 Terinebrica
 Thalleulia
 Thoridia
 Toreulia
 Transtillaspis
 Tylopeza
 Uelia
 Ulvipinara
 Uncicida
 Varifula
 Vulpoxena
 Xoser

Tribe Phricanthini

 Chersomorpha
 Denaeantha
 Phricanthes
 Scolioplecta

Tribe Schoenotenini

 Antigraptis
 Aphrozestis
 Archactenis
 Barygnathella
 Brongersmia
 Campotenes
 Choristenes
 Copidostoma
 Cornuticlava
 Diactenis
 Dipterina
 Doridostoma
 Epitrichosma
 Homalernis
 Litotenes
 Maoritenes
 Metachorista
 Neotenes
 Nesoscopa
 Oligotenes
 Palaeotoma
 Proactenis
 Proselena
 Protarchella
 Prothelymna
 Rhabdotenes
 Rhopalotenes
 Saetotenes
 Schoenotenes
 Stenarchella
 Stenotenes
 Syncratus
 Tracholena
 Xenotenes

Tribe Sparganothini

 Aesiocopa
 Amorbia
 Anchicremna
 Coelostathma
 Lambertiodes
 Niasoma
 Paramorbia
 Platynota
 Rhynchophyllis
 Sparganopseustis
 Sparganothina
 Sparganothis
 Sparganothoides
 Spatalistiforma
 Syllonoma
 Synalocha
 Synnoma

Tribe Tortricini

 Accra
 Acleris
 Aleimma
 Algoforma
 Amboyna
 Anaccra
 Anameristes
 Apotoforma
 Archigraptis
 Asterolepis
 Beryllophantis
 Brachiolia
 Cnesteboda
 Cornesia
 Eboda
 Elaeodina
 Exeristeboda
 Herotyda
 Latibulocrinis
 Nephograptis
 Panegyra
 Paraccra
 Paracroesia
 Paratorna
 Pareboda
 Plinthograptis
 Polemograptis
 Pseudeboda
 Pseudocroesia
 Reptilisocia
 Rubidograptis
 Rubrograptis
 Russograptis
 Rutilograptis
 Sanguinograptis
 Sclerodisca
 Sociosa
 Spatalistis
 Tortrix
 Transita
 Trophocosta
 Tymbarcha
 Vellonifer

Unplaced

 Alytopistis
 Apateta
 Apinoglossa
 Arotrophora
 Camadeniana
 Hydaranthes
 Ioditis
 Mictopsichia
 Matronula
 Orthocomotis
 Paracomotis
 Paraphyas
 Parastranga
 Peraglyphis
 Scyphoceros
 Syllomatia
 Symphygas
 Tanychaeta

Subfamily Olethreutinae

Tribe Bactrini

 Bactra
 Cyclacanthina
 Henioloba
 Parabactra
 Syntozyga

Tribe Enarmoniini

 Aemulatrix
 Aglaogonia
 Anathamna
 Ancylis
 Ancylophyes
 Anthozela
 Argyroptocha
 Balbidomaga
 Bubonoxena
 Cimeliomorpha Corethrarcha Crocostola Cyphophanes Dasodis Dasybregma Embolostoma Enarmonia Enarmoniodes Enarmonodes Eucosmogastra Eucosmomorpha Fibuloides Ganabalia Genetancylis Helictophanes Heteroschistis Hystrichophora Irianassa Loboschiza Mehteria Metaselena Neoanathamna Nenomoshia Oriodryas Periphoeba Protancylis Pseudacroclita Pseudancylis Pseudophiaris Pternidora Ruthita Semnostola Sillybiphora Taiwancylis Tetramoera Thymioptila Thysanocrepis Tokuana ToonavoraTribe Endotheniini

 Endothenia Hulda Saliciphaga Taniva TiaTribe Eucosmini

 Acroclita Age Alcina Alischirnevalia Allodapella Allohermenias
 Anoecophysis
 Antichlidas
 Argepinotia
 Asketria
 Assulella
 Azuayacana
 Barbara
 Bascaneucosma
 Bathrotoma
 Bipartivalva Biuncaria Blastesthia Blastopetrova Brachiocera Brachioxena Catastega Charitostega Chimoptesis Cirrilaspeyresia Clavigesta Coenobiodes Collogenes Cosmetra Crimnologa Crocidosema Crusimetra Demeijerella Dicnecidia Dinogenes Diplonearcha Dolichurella Doliochastis Duessa Eccoptocera Emrahia Epibactra Epiblema Epinotia Episimoides Eriopsela Eucoenogenes Eucosma Eucosmophyes Foveifera Gibberifera Gravitarmata Gretchena Gypsonoma Gypsonomoides Heleanna Hendecaneura Hendecasticha Hermenias Herpystis Herpystostena Holocola Hylotropha Icelita Jerapowellia Kennelia Lepteucosma Macraesthetica Makivora Megaherpystis Melanodaedala Metacosma Mystogenes Namasia Neaspasia Neobarbara Niphadostola Noduliferola Notocelia Nuntiella Osthelderiella Parachanda Parepisimia Pelochrista Penestostoma Peridaedala Phalarocarpa Phaneta Plutographa Potiosa Proteoteras Protithona Pseudexentera Pseudoclita Pseudococcyx Retinia Rhodotoxotis Rhopalovalva Rhopobota Rhyacionia Salsolicola Sociognatha Sonia Spilonota Strepsicrates Stygitropha Suleima Syngamoneura Syropetrova Thiodia Thiodiodes Thylacogaster Tritopterna Whittenella Xenosocia Yunusemreia ZeirapheraTribe Gatesclarkeanini

 Asymmetrarcha Gatesclarkeana Hiroshiinoueana UkameniaTribe Grapholitini

 Acanthoclita Agriophanes Andrioplecta Apocydia Archiphlebia Articolla Bhagwantolita Centroxena Cirriphora Coccyx Commoneria Coniostola Corticivora Cryptophlebia Cryptoschesis Cydia Dichrorampha Dierlia Diplosemaphora Dracontogena Ecdytolopha Ethelgoda Eucosmocydia Fulcrifera Goditha Grapholita Gymnandrosoma Hyposarotis Ixonympha Karacaoglania Larisa Laspeyresinia Lathronympha Leguminivora Licigena Loranthacydia Lusterala Macrocydia Matsumuraeses Mevlanaia Microsarotis Mimarsinania Muhabbetina Multiquaestia Notocydia Ofatulena Pammene Pammenemima Pammenitis Pammenodes Pammenopsis Parapammene Parienia Procoronis Pseudogalleria Pseudopammene Ricula Riculoides Satronia Selania Sereda Spanistoneura Statignatha Stephanopyga Strophedra Strophedromorpha Talponia Thaumatotibia Thylacandra TitanotocaTribe Microcorsini
 CryptaspasmaTribe Olethreutini

 Acantheucosma Actinocentra Afrocostosa Afroploce Afrothreutes Ahmosia Alexiloga Antaeola Antictenista Antirrhopa Apeleptera Apolobesia Apotomis Apsidophora Arcesis Archilobesia Argyroploce Artiphanes Asaphistis Astronauta Aterpia Atriscripta Atrypsiastis Baburia Bakia Basigonia Bucephalacra Cacocharis Camptrodoxa Capricornia Cellifera
 Celypha
 Cephalophyes
 Cnecidophora
 Coccothera
 Cosmopoda
 Cosmorrhyncha
 Costosa
 Cymolomia
 Dactylioglypha
 Diakonoffiana
 Dicephalarcha
 Didrimys
 Dolichohedya
 Dudua
 Dynatorhabda
 Eccopsis
 Engelana
 Enveryucelia
 Episimus
 Eppihus
 Eremas
 Eubrochoneura
 Eudemis
 Eudemopsis
 Eumarozia
 Euobraztsovia
 Evora
 Geita
 Gnathmocerodes
 Gonomomera
 Hedya
 Hilaroptila
 Hopliteccopsis
 Hoplitendemis
 Hystrichoscelus
 Lepidunca
 Lipsotelus
 Lobesia
 Lobesiodes
 Megalomacha
 Megalota
 Meiligma
 Mesocharis
 Metendothenia
 Metrioglypha
 Molybdocrates
 Neohermenias
 Neopotamia
 Neorrhyncha
 Neostatherotis
 Niphadophylax
 Oestropa
 Olethreutes
 Omiostola
 Ophiorrhabda
 Orientophiaris
 Orthotaenia
 Oxysemaphora
 Palaeomorpha
 Paraeccopsis
 Paralobesia
 Pelatea
 Penthostola
 Phaecadophora
 Phaecasiophora
 Phaulacantha
 Phiaris
 Piniphila
 Podognatha
 Pomatophora
 Pristerognatha
 Prophaecasia
 Protobactra
 Proschistis
 Psegmatica
 Pseudohedya
 Pseudohermenias
 Pseudosciaphila
 Psilacantha
 Rhectogonia
 Rhodacra
 Rhodocosmaria
 Rhopaltriplasia
 Riculorampha
 Rudisociaria
 Sambara
 Selenodes
 Semniotes
 Semutophila
 Sisona
 Socioplana
 Sorolopha
 Stalagmocroca
 Statheromeris
 Statheromantis
 Statherotis
 Statherotmantis
 Statherotoxys
 Stenentoma
 Stictea
 Sycacantha
 Syricoris
 Teleta
 Temnolopha
 Theorica
 Trachyschistis
 Triheteracra
 Tsinilla
 Xenolepis
 Xenopotamia
 Zomaria
 Zomariana

Unplaced

 Melanalopha
 Euobraztsovia

Subfamily Chlidanotinae

Tribe Chlidanotini

 Archimaga
 Auratonota
 Branchophantis
 Caenognosis
 Chlidanota
 Diablo
 Daulocnema
 Electracma
 Gnaphalostoma
 Heppnerographa
 Iconostigma
 Leurogyia
 Macrochlidia
 Metrernis
 Monortha
 Picroxena
 Pseudocomotis
 Trymalitis
 Utrivalva

Tribe Hilarographini

 Charitographa
 Hilarographa
 Idiothauma
 Mictocommosis
 Nexosa
 Thaumatographa
 Tortrimosaica

Tribe Polyorthini

 Apura
 Ardeutica
 Biclonuncaria
 Chlorortha
 Clonuncaria
 Cnephasitis
 Ebodina
 Epelebodina
 Histura
 Histurodes
 Isotrias
 Lopharcha
 Lophoprora
 Lypothora
 Macasinia
 Olindia
 Polylopha
 Polyortha
 Polythora
 Polyvena
 Pseudatteria
 Pseuduncifera
 Scytalognatha
 Thaumatoptila
 Xeneboda

Unplaced

 Electresia
 Hetereucosma
 Laculataria
 Meridagena
 Mesochariodes
 Paramulia
 Paranthozela
 Quebradnotia
 Tortricibaltia
 Tortricidiosis
 Tortricites
 Zerpanotia

References

Tortricidae
 List
Tor

Category:Moth species


Womankind Worldwide

Womankind Worldwide is a UK-based, feminist global women’s rights organisation that works in solidarity with women’s movements around the world to bring about lasting change in women’s lives. Founded in 1989, Womankind partners with women's movements in Africa and Asia to support them in their efforts to change discriminatory laws and policies, challenge gender norms and stereotypes, and provide transformative programmes and services to women and girls.

In nearly 30 years, Womankind, together with its partners, has supported over 18 million women and girls across more than 70 countries.

Background
Founded by Sir Alec Reed, Womankind was launched on International Women's Day on March 8, 1989. Kate Young was appointed as Executive Director. On March 8, 2019, the charity will celebrate its 30th anniversary.

Approach
Womankind does not have staff or offices in the countries where they work - instead, they support existing women's movements to strengthen and grow to support women's rights in their local and national contexts. Womankind does this by providing technical support, communications, connectivity and shared learning, advocacy platforms, and funding opportunities.

Together with their partners, Womankind takes a three-pronged approach, working towards:
 Policies and laws that tackle discrimination and protect women,
 Universal access to appropriate, quality services that protect and restore women's rights, and
 Social change that supports the rights of all women and girls.

Aims
Womankind works with its partners in pursuit of three main aims:
 An end to all forms of violence against women and girls,
 Women's economic rights and control over resources, and
 Women's equal influence in decision making and ability to exercise political power.

Focus countries & partners
In 2016-2017, Womankind identified five focus countries on which to focus the majority of their work:
 Ethiopia
 Kenya
 Nepal
 Uganda
 Zimbabwe

Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, Womankind works with a number of partners focusing on issues including sexual violence, disabilities, entrepreneurship among women, feminist education, and safe houses and shelters for women escaping violence. For example, they are currently supporting partner Setaweet to introduce feminist curriculum to secondary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Kenya
Womankind's partners in Kenya work primarily around legal advocacy for women's rights, providing free legal services to women, and lobbying and advocating for women with disabilities. Currently, they are working in long-term partnership with Federation of Women Lawyers - Kenya to increase women's political participation and access to justice, as well as strengthen community response to early and forced marriage as well as female genital mutilation (FGM).

Nepal
In Nepal, Womankind supports partners working primarily with Dalit women, women with disabilities, and indigenous women to enable them to participate in the country's women's movement. Other partners are working or have worked around producing feminist research, guaranteeing the rights of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women, gender-based violence, and women's broader political participation. For example, Womankind partner Feminist Dalit Organization - FEDO lobbying efforts prior to Nepal's 2017 local elections helped result in nearly 7,000 Dalit women being elected to local governments across the country.

Uganda
Womankind's partners in Uganda work around several issues including gender-based violence, environmental causes, and issues affecting rural women. In March 2018, Womankind and partners National Association of Professional Environmentalists and National Association for Women's Action in Development published Digging Deep, a feminist research report revealing the harmful impacts of Uganda's land rush on women.

Zimbabwe
In Zimbabwe, Womankind is supporting partners in strengthening civil society prior to the 2018 general elections, supporting feminist research and documentation in the countries, increasing the voices of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women, supporting women with disabilities, and advocating for improved access to justice, among other issues. For example, through Womankind's partnership with Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association, the organization provides legal services to women for cases on domestic violence, divorce, land and property disputes, and child support.

Other countries
In addition, the charity continues to work with partners in Afghanistan, Bolivia, Ghana, Liberia, Peru, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Zambia.

Media & campaigns
Womankind is active on social media, including on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Their website also hosts an active blog, as well as case studies featuring women impacted by Womankind's partners. In the media, Womankind has been featured in the Huffington Post, the Independent, and the Guardian.

The organization is also active in advocacy and campaigning efforts, partaking in annual campaigns for 16 Days of Activism as well as International Women's Day.

References

External links
Womankind Worldwide website
 Womankind on Twitter
 Womankind's Facebook page

Category:Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom
Category:Development charities based in the United Kingdom
Category:International women's organizations


Munroeodes delavalis

Munroeodes delavalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Möschler in 1881. It is found in Surinam and French Guiana.

References

Category:Moths described in 1881
Category:Pyraustinae


List of mines in Poland

This list of mines in Poland is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list.

Coal
Adamów Coal Mine
Bełchatów Coal Mine
Bielszowice Coal Mine
Bogdanka Coal Mine
Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine
Borynia Coal Mine
Budryk Coal Mine
Chwałowice Coal Mine
Drzewce Coal Mine
Dęby Szlacheckie Coal Mine
Gubin Coal Mine
Halemba Coal Mine
Janina Coal Mine
Jankowice Coal Mine
Jas-Mos Coal Mine
Jóźwin Coal Mine
Konin Coal Mine
Krupiński Coal Mine
Legnica Coal Mine
Mosty Coal Mine
Murcki Coal Mine
Mysłowice-Wesoła Coal Mine
Piaski Coal Mine
Piast Coal Mine
Pniówek Coal Mine
Sobieski Coal Mine
Sośnica-Makoszowy Coal Mine
Staszic Coal Mine
Szczygłowice Coal Mine
Tomisławice Coal Mine
Trzcianka Coal Mine
Turów Coal Mine
Wujek Coal Mine
Ziemowit Coal Mine
Zofiówka Coal Mine

Copper
Bytom Odrzański mine
Gaworzyce mine
Głogów Głęboki-Przemysłowy mine
Lubin mine
Myszków mine
Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine
Retków mine

Nickel
Szklary mine

Salt
Bochnia Salt Mine
Wieliczka Salt Mine

References

Category:Mines in Poland


Wilson (band)

Wilson was a five-piece rock band from East Lansing, Michigan, United States. The band formed in 2010 when founding member Jason Spencer was attending Michigan State University. Vocalist Chad Nicefield joined in late 2010. They have released three full studio albums: Full Blast Fuckery (2013), Right to Rise (2015) and Tasty Nasty (2018). The band also released an EP in 2010 named Standing On The Reel under a different lineup, besides Jason Spencer. Wilson currently consists of Chad Nicefield (vocals), Jason Spencer (guitar), Kyle Landry (guitar), James Lascu (bass) and Matt Puhy (drums).

Early years - Full Blast Fuckery (2013)
Wilson entered the studio in early 2013 to release what would be their first full studio album following the 2010 EP Standing On The Reel. The album was co-produced and engineered by Shane D. Grush and Steve Evetts, and mixed by Grant Mohrman and Evetts. It was released through Easy Killer Records in the US, and New Damage Records in Canada.

Music videos were released in support of the album, with single video releases for the songs "College Gangbang", "Strictly Doods (Better Off), and "If You Ever Leave Me...". "Better Off" received airtime and video plays in the UK on Scuzz TV, Kerrang!, and Team Rock radio.

Reviews for the album were positive, with particular praise for the high energy and "balls-out nature" of the album. Greg Kennelty of Metal Injection wrote, "In short, Full Blast Fuckery is the album you put on when everyone's at the party and you've opened the first twenty-something beers with every intention of destroying the place".

In support of the album, the band spent the majority of 2013 and 2014 on the road across the US with artists such as Gwar, Jason Newsted, Scorpion Child and The Greenery.

The band released Full Blast Fuckery in the UK on July 7, 2014, with the first ever vinyl record releases of the album.

Right To Rise (2015)

In early 2015, Wilson took some time off from touring and headed back to the studio in preparation for the recording of their second album.

Upon the album's completion, Wilson went to the UK and mainland Europe in March for their first tour of these parts in support of Halestorm alongside Nothingmore and The Fallen State (on limited dates). During this time, the band released their first song from the upcoming album Right To Rise, "Hang With The Devil". The band also announced that they had signed a record deal with Razor & Tie Records, with the new album being released on June 29, 2015.

In support of Right To Rise, Wilson embarked on their first headline UK tour in early 2016, with support coming from Devon-based Reigning Days.

In September 2016, the band featured on the cover CD of Metal Hammers 30-year anniversary issue, with a worldwide exclusive cover of Rage Against The Machine's "Sleep Now In The Fire".

Tasty Nasty and disbandment (2018–2019)
In May of 2018, Wilson performed at the Rock On The Range festival in Columbus, Ohio with a new look and appearance, debuting previously unreleased material. Following this show, the band announced the details of their long awaited third album, Tasty Nasty, to be released August 24, produced by the band and Scott Stevens (Sixx A.M, Papa Roach, Nothingmore). The album also saw the band separate from Razor and Tie, releasing instead via Sony RED music.

In an interview with Blabbermouth, frontman Chad Nicefield spoke of the stylistic changes in the upcoming release, stating, "I just kind of realized who we are as people and our DNA was that of a bunch of lovable, silly dudes, that love to make music."

The announcement also coincided with the release of the first single from the album, "Like A Baller", accompanied by a music video produced and directed by Raymond Rivard and lead singer, Chad Nicefield. The song was dubbed a "reflective introspection" of the adventures of a parking valet.

The band also embarked on a tour in support of Theory Of A Deadman across the summer, along with some festival appearances, including Rock Fest. During this tour, the band released two new singles from the upcoming album, "Dumptruck" and "Fuck Up My High".

In late 2018, Wilson supported Steel Panther on 9 shows across the Midwest.

In July 2019, Wilson announced guitarist Kyle Landry is leaving the band to pursue something else with his life.

On November 6th, 2019, Wilson announced that their final live show will be December 28, 2019.

Discography
Studio albums
Full Blast Fuckery (2013)
Right To Rise (2015)
Tasty Nasty (2018)

Extended plays
Standing On The Reel EP (2010)

Singles

 "Right To Rise" (2015) - Mainstream Rock Songs #22
 "Like A Baller" (2018) - Mainstream Rock Songs #35

Band members
Chad Nicefield - vocals
Jason Spencer - lead guitar
Kyle Landry - guitar, vocals
James Lascu - bass, vocals
Matt Puhy - drums

External links

References

Category:Hard rock musical groups from Michigan
Category:Heavy metal musical groups from Michigan
Category:Musical groups from Detroit


Joshua D'Souza

Joshua Peter D'Souza is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Goa Legislative Assembly from Mapusa, Goa in the by-election in 2019 as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

He is son of former Deputy Chief Minister of Goa Francis D'Souza.

References

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Goa Legislative Assembly
Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa
Category:People from Mapusa
Category:1989 births
Category:Goa MLAs 2017–


Marapu

The Marapu religion (also known as Marafu in Sumba) is a form of ancestral religion that is practiced mainly in the island of Sumba in Indonesia. Marapu is also practiced in many more remote areas of Sumba and Flores. Both the Christians and Muslims on these islands tend to combine their faiths with Marapu.  Since Marapu, like Kaharingan of the Dayaks, is not an official religion of Indonesia, and all Indonesian citizens are required to identify as a member of one of the religions sanctioned by law, members have chosen either Christianity or Islam to self identify.

Lawsuit
A member of the Marapu religion, joining forces with representatives of three other indigenous religions, brought a court case to Indonesia's Constitutional court, arguing that the civil rights of Marapu followers suffered because they had not been recognized as one of Indonesia's six official religions (Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism). On November 7, 2017, Indonesia's Constitutional Court decided in their favor, declaring that the earlier laws were discriminatory and violated the principle of equality under the law.  In the past, those who failed to declare that they followed one of the recognized religions on their national identity cards could be denied rights to marriage registration or land titles.

Beliefs

They believe in temporary life in the world and eternal life in the Doomsday, the world of spirits in Marapu heaven — Prai Marapu.  The word Marapu means: Firstly, the occupants of the eternal heaven, who lead a similar existence to men. They live in couples and one of these couples is the ancestor of the Sumbanese. Secondly, the spirits of Sumbanese ancestors in Prai Marupu. Thirdly, the spirits of their relatives.  Fourthly, all spirits dwelling the universe. Marapu has mysterious and magical authority over human life.

According to Marapu beliefs, any spirit consists of two elements: Ndewa and Hamanangu. Marapu teachings concern the balance of universal life through which happiness can be gained. This balance is symbolized by the Great Mother (Ina Kalada) and the Great Father (Ama Kalada) who live in the universe and take the forms of the moon and the sun. In mythology, they are husband and wife who gave birth to the ancestors of the Sumbanese.

To honor Marapu, the Sumbanese put effigies, called Marapu statues, on stone altars where they lay their offerings in the forms of Sirih Pinang (a dish containing betel leaves, nuts and lime) and sacrificial cattle. The statues of Marapu are made of wood in the shape of human faces. These images are usually placed in the yard of their houses or inside the traditional houses.

A further manifestation of devotion to Merapu and the ancestors is reflected in the continuing construction in parts of East Sumba of impressive stone burial monuments, vestiges of one of the last surviving megalithic cultures on the planet. In many cases individuals will put their families into debts extending into future generations in order to build these tomb stones in the traditional manner.

Funeral ceremonies and burials can be delayed for decades during which the bodies of the deceased are kept in the homes of the living. Once sufficient funds have been acquired, it is not unusual for several generations of Sumbans to be buried or reburied together in segmented compartments of the below-ground tomb in a manner that does not violate incest taboos. While some now use winches and cattle trucks to lift and transport these stones, and others construct them out of cement, the practice of hauling slabs of rock weighing up to 70 tons atop log rollers across the countryside by hand persists in some eastern parts of the island. The actual event is preceded by months of negotiations between allied clans and villages culminating in hundreds of men participating in the tarik batu stone-pulling ceremony. Failure to perform the necessary rites, including the butchering of large numbers of buffalo, cows, pigs and occasionally horses, and nightly protection rituals at the quarries where the stones are cut, risks a violent reaction from malevolent ancestral forces whose approval is sought through the divining of animal innards.

Sumbans believe seven pairs of men and women descended from the sky on a ladder made of buffalo horns to a point in the north central part of the island, and that suitably buried, they too will ultimately ascend this same ladder to be reunited with their families.

While the influence of evangelical churches is growing in Sumba and reflected in mass conversion ceremonies, many islanders retain their beliefs practiced in secret. These conversions can be traumatic for elderly Sumbans who believe by converting they sever the relationship with their forbearers. Others, particularly young people, convert for more pragmatic reasons. Indonesia formally recognizes five state religions and sought-after positions in the civil service, police and military are closed to Merapu practitioners. While not common, there are cases where devout Christianized Sumbans have rebuilt ancestral burial tombs or provided money and support to ensure previous generations are buried in the prescribed manner. Similarly, Christian Sumbans are often buried in cement tombs modeled on the Merapu, though the service is conducted by church officials.

Further reading

References

Category:Religion in Indonesia
Category:Asian shamanism
Category:Sumba


Gmina Fabianki

__NOTOC__
Gmina Fabianki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Fabianki, which lies approximately  north-east of Włocławek and  south-east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 8,719.

Villages
Gmina Fabianki contains the villages and settlements of Bogucin, Chełmica Duża, Chełmica Mała, Chełmica-Cukrownia, Cyprianka, Fabianki, Krępiny, Kulin, Lisek, Nasiegniewo, Nowy Witoszyn, Skórzno, Stary Witoszyn, Świątkowizna, Szpetal Górny and Wilczeniec Fabiański.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Fabianki is bordered by the city of Włocławek and by the gminas of Bobrowniki, Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, Lipno and Wielgie.

References
Polish official population figures 2006

Fabianki
Category:Włocławek County


USNS Kiska (T-AE-35)

USNS Kiska (T-AE-35), ex-USS Kiska (AE-35) was one of five ammunition ships operated by Military Sealift Command of the Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force.  The ship was laid down on 8 April 1971 at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi as USS Kiska (AE-35) and was launched on 11 March 1972. Originally commissioned on December 16, 1972 she was decommissioned on 1 August 1996, and that same day entered service with Military Sealift Command as USNS Kiska (T-AE-35).  She continued to operate under Military Sealift Command's control until she was deactivated at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on January 15, 2011.
 Kiska is the eighth and final ship of the  ammunition ships. Kiska was disposed of by Navy title transfer to the Maritime Administration as of May 30, 2013.

References

External links

Category:Kilauea-class ammunition ships
Category:Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
Category:1972 ships
Category:United States Navy Alaska-related ships


Raúl Osiel Marroquín

Raúl Osiel Marroquín Reyes (born on September 1, 1980 in Tampico), also known as El Sádico, is a Mexican kidnapper and serial killer responsible for six kidnappings, four of which ended in murder, in Mexico City.

He was an organized killer, motivated by hate and discrimination. All his victims were homosexual men, for which he has become a symbol for homophobia in Mexico.

Life before the crimes
Born to parents Roberto Marroquín and Gloria Reyes, Raúl spent one year as a military doctor and was a member of the Mexican army for four years, holding the rank of First Sergeant, but was then discharged.

He was admitted as a private soldier on January 21, 1999, enrolling in the 15th Infantry Battalion in his hometown, where he reached the rank of Second Sergeant. Raúl wanted to advance in the militia and study medicine, but the lack of financial resources forced him to resign. In May 2004, he was discharged from the army and returned to Tampico, where he was eventually imprisoned for 14 months because of a violent robbery.

Victims

Modus operandi
Marroquín would approach his victims (whom he met at a famous gay bar, the Cabaretito Neón, located in Zona Rosa, Col. Juárez, Cuauhtémoc delegation of Mexico City), with sentimental and/or erotic proposals; he invited them to his house located at 4223 Av. Andrés Molina Enríquez, Col. Asturias, Venustiano Carranza delegation, or to a hotel; where, depending on whether he had the economic resources, would kidnap them or not. He was aided by accomplice Juan Enrique Madrid Manuel.

He would torture his victims (hence his nickname) by suffocating them until they lost consciousness, and once they returned to their senses Marroquín would suffocate them again and again, until he finally killed them.

When he asked the victim's relatives to help their loved one, regardless of whether they paid or not, Raúl would murder his hostage either by suffocation or strangulation. Later, he left the corpses, which were in suitcases, around different parts of the city.

Murdered
Jonathan Razo Ayala was kidnapped on October 27, 2005 and murdered on November 12, after 16 days in Marroquin's house. He requested $5,000 ransom, but the victim's family could not pay.
Ricardo López Hernández was kidnapped on November 30, 2005. He was held captive for nine days until December 9 when he was murdered by strangulation after Marroquin had taken just over $2,000 ransom.
Armando Rivas Pérez was kidnapped on December 16, 2005. That same day, even though his ransom was paid, he was murdered.
Víctor Ángel Iván Gutiérrez Balderas was abducted the same day as Armando Rivas and held hostage for six days. After a ransom of a little over $800, he was killed on December 22.

Kidnapped
Juan Carlos Alfaro Alba: was the first victim of Marroquín, kidnapped on October 21, 2005. He was held captive for about a week in a hotel room, during which he received serious physical and psychological damage. His kidnapper asked the family for a ransom, who paid as quickly as possible; Raúl Marroquín then left his victim tied up in the hotel room, apparently because he hadn't "evolved" yet, settling only for the violence inflicted and the easily earned money, sparing Alfaro's life.
José Ricardo Galindo Valdés: the penultimate victim was kidnapped by Marroquin on December 13, 2005. Raúl communicated with the scared mother, who implored him to not hurt her son, as the family had no money to pay off the ransom. Perhaps because he had a moral dilemma -  the murderer let Galindo leave, but not before threatening to kill him if he spoke about it.

Psychiatric profile
His crimes had many similarities to those of the American homosexual serial killers John Wayne Gacy and Robert Berdella the motive being a little different: Gacy murdered his victims due to a repression of his own homosexuality that he projected towards others (he was attracted to them, which he blamed them for) and berdella to vent his frustration on his victims. In contrast, Marroquín, although his crimes also had marked homoerotic features (Marroquín himself declared not to be homosexual), you can see in him a sociopath or psychopath within a framework socio-cultural that, in one way or another, gave him a showcase for its contained violence, directing it towards a minority.

After his arrest, Marroquín would declare not to be homophobic (although this assertion would be contradicted by others made by the homicide, in which he refers to homosexuals as "an evil for society") that the main reason homosexual men were his target victims was because these people were easier to hunt; This was the statement he made when questioned about his employer:

"... because I did not fight in operations that involved weapons and vehicles, it was enough to go to the places they frequented and they alone approached me, it was easier for me to treat those victims".

He lacked empathy and reified the people around him. After being arrested, he was asked if he did not feel bad for the relatives of the people he murdered (since he had obviously taken all human value from his victims), he replied, "I have never thought about them"

He was reluctant to submit to social norms and this made him prone to deviation and criminality.
He lacked guilt and did not accept responsibility for his actions.
He rationalized his actions and possessed an inflated self-esteem. The clearest example of this was to express that their crimes were a good for society, "I even did a good to the society, because those people make that I spent my childhood..."

«One of my victims was a carrier of HIV, and in a certain way, prevented the spread of the virus ...»

He who justified his actions as correct tells us of his inflated self-esteem, he saw himself as a benefactor of society (an exterminating angel). This also indicates an over-evaluation of oneself (narcissism), which is indicative of a deficient psycho-sexual development and an immaturity of the psycho-affective development; according to Robert D. Keppel and William J. Birnes estó, a psycho-affective development disorder is the main cause of the behavior of a serial killer.

These statements also speak of a distancing from reality. He believed that his actions had a moral justification, although he was fully aware of the ethical and legal implications of his actions, he thought that before society his crimes were minor and even justifiable. According to Joel Norris, this process (the distancing of reality) corresponds to the first phase of the behavior of a serial killer.

He was prone to sexual perversions.
He felt attracted and was in constant search of strong emotions; What also, together with the absence of empathy, self-centeredness and the inability to accept responsibility for his actions, made him prone to deviation, crime and paraphilias.
He was a megalomaniac. His pathological attraction is clearly seen in the torture he subjected to his victims: by torturing he seeks to break the will of the individual to deprive him of his human quality, and thus to have absolute power over that person.
He was charismatic, attractive and manipulative.
He was violent and suffered from explosions of anger.
He had a parasitic lifestyle.
His criminal career started him as an assailant, his motivation was monetary (his constant search for intense emotions and his pathological attraction for power (megalomania), were also triggers for his criminal behavior); Later, in the same way motivated by the same factors, it evolved to kidnapping, Marroquin was one of the many people in Mexico who saw in the kidnapping a very lucrative activity (because in many of the cases he had already collected the ransom money before assassinating to his victim), and finally to murder. As a result of his activity as a kidnapper he obtained a total of 109 thousand pesos (just over 10,000 dollars).

Motive
Explaining himself, Marroquín said, "I snuffed out four homosexuals that in some way were affecting society." He also says he chose gays as his victims because "they're a bad example for kids".

Capture and sentence
He was arrested by the PGR on January 23, 2006 in Mexico City without his accomplice, who was captured in 2013. While Raúl Marroquín was sentenced to 128 years imprisonment on September 4, 2008, he stated after his arrest:

On September 4, 2008, Marroquín and Manuel de Madrid were sentenced to a total of almost 300 years in prison. He is currently serving his sentence in the Santa Martha Acatitla Penitentiary in Mexico City, to which he was transferred in 2010, after having been in the Reclusorio Oriente in Mexico City.

Media
In an interview, Marroquín said he was not ashamed of his crimes, but was sorry for what his family was going through. He declared he had recurring dreams of his criminal career "improving" by selecting richer, more famous victims. He said he would definitely kill again and try to be more careful about his methods, avoiding the mistakes that led to his capture.

See also
Violence against LGBT people
Homosexuality in Mexico
Hate Crime
Homophobia

References

External links
Profile on Murderpedia
El Universal
365 Gay.com

Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Mexican serial killers
Category:Male serial killers
Category:Mexican people convicted of murder
Category:People convicted of murder by Mexico
Category:LGBT people from Mexico


15 rating

15 rating refers to a type of age-based content rating that applies to media entertainment, such as films, television shows and computer games. The following articles document the rating across a range of countries and mediums:

Classification organizations
 Australian Classification Board (MA15+ and M)
 British Board of Film Classification (15)
 Common Sense Media (15+)
 Computer Entertainment Rating Organization (C – 15 equivalent)
 Dirección General de Radio, Televisión y Cinematografía (B-15)
 Eirin (R15+)
 Irish Film Classification Office (15 and 15A)
 Korea Media Rating Board (15)
 National Bureau of Classification (NBC) (15+)
 Norwegian Media Authority (15)
 Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand) (R15)

Systems
 Motion picture content rating system, a range of classification systems for films that commonly use the age 15 as part of its regulatory criteria
 Television content rating system, a range of classification systems for television broadcasts that commonly use the age 15 as part of its regulatory criteria
 Video game content rating system, a range of classification systems for video games that commonly use the age 15 as part of its regulatory criteria
 Mobile software content rating system, a range of classification systems for mobile software that commonly use the age 15 as part of its regulatory criteria


Hitchcock Blonde

Hitchcock Blonde is a play by British playwright Terry Johnson which debuted in April 2003 in London and later moved to London's West End. It was also staged in the United States.

Plot
The play takes place in three time periods: 1919, when a short film featuring a blonde woman was shot which later fascinated Alfred Hitchcock; 1960, during the filming of Hitchcock's classic Psycho; and 1999, when a media studies professor and one of his students, another blonde woman, discover the 1919 film and re-examine Hitchcock's work through its lens.

Productions
The play premiered in April 2003 at the Royal Court Theatre, London, and later moved to the Lyric Theatre in London's West End. Its American premiere was at the South Coast Repertory in Costa Mesa, California in February–March 2006. It was also staged at the Alley Theatre in Houston, Texas from 23 February to 18 March 2007. A revival of the play for its tenth anniversary ran at the Hull Truck Theatre in Kingston upon Hull, UK from 1–16 February 2013.

Reception
Hitchcock Blonde received mixed reviews. Paul Taylor of The Independent noted that only in "a few sequences [did] the show exert the requisite fascination" and parts of the play "strain[ed] credulity". Sean Mitchell of the Los Angeles Times acknowledged "some fine writing" in the play and summed it up as "[a] brainy bit of titillation, salted with some deep thoughts on Hollywood's dark powers and the unseemly genius of the famously morbid British director [Hitchcock]". Jasper Rees of The Telegraph called the play "hugely absorbing". Steven Oxman of Variety said it "possesses a sharp visual impact but a dull emotional and intellectual one."

References

Category:2003 plays
Category:Plays by Terry Johnson


Gerardus Clark

Gerardus Clark (January 20, 1786 – August 23, 1860) was an American lawyer.

He was the son of William and Annis (Bostwick) Clark, and was born in New Milford, Connecticut, January 20, 1786.

He graduated from Yale University in 1804.  While in College he often acted as amanuensis of Dr. Timothy Dwight IV, who was then engaged in writing his Travels in New England and New York (1821–1822), a fact to which he referred with great pleasure. Soon after graduating he went to New York and began the study of law in the office of John G. Bogert, Esq. He was admitted to the bar in New York in 1813, and during a long life was engaged in an extensive and successful practice in that city.  In 1825, he married Miss Ann Maria Bogert of New York, who, with their two children, survived him.

In 1850, he removed his residence to New Rochelle, New York, but continued in active business in the city until a few weeks previous to his death. He was at one time President of the Board of Education of the City of New York, and while in that place he wrote a celebrated paper defending the use of the Bible in Common Schools.

He died in New Rochelle, N. Y., August 23, 1860, aged 74. His body was buried in his native town, near the spot where he was born.

Category:1786 births
Category:1860 deaths
Category:Yale University alumni
Category:New York (state) lawyers
Category:New York City Department of Education


1992 Tippeligaen

The 1992 Tippeligaen was the 47th completed season of top division football in Norway. Each team played 22 games with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number eleven and twelve are relegated. The winners of the two groups of the 1. divisjon are promoted, as well as the winner of a series of play-off matches between the two second placed teams in the two groups of the 1. divisjon and number ten in the Tippeligaen.

This season was the first of a 13-year-long streak of Rosenborg victories.

Teams and locations
''Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

League table

Relegation play-offs
The qualification play-off matches were contested between HamKam (10th in Tippeligaen), Drøbak-Frogn (2nd in the 1. divisjon - Group A), and Strømmen (2nd in the 1. divisjon - Group B). HamKam won one game and drew one and remained in Tippeligaen.

Results
Match 1: Ham-Kam 2–1 Drøbak/Frogn
Match 2: Strømmen 4–4 Ham-Kam
Match 3: Drøbak/Frogn 2–0 Strømmen

Results

Season statistics

Top scorers

Attendances

References

Category:Eliteserien seasons
Norway
Norway
1


Calcium stearate

Calcium stearate is a carboxylate of calcium, classified as a calcium soap. It is a component of some lubricants, surfactants, as well as many foodstuffs.  It is a white waxy powder.

Production and occurrence
Calcium stearate is produced by heating stearic acid and calcium oxide:
2 C18H35COOH  +  CaO   →  (C18H35COO)2Ca  +  H2O

It is also the main component of soap scum, a white solid that forms when soap is mixed with hard water.  Unlike soaps containing sodium and potassium, calcium stearate is insoluble in water and does not lather well.
Commercially it is sold as a 50% dispersion in water or as a spray dried powder.  As a food additive it is known by the generic E number E470.

Applications
Calcium stearate is a waxy material with low solubility in water, unlike traditional sodium and potassium soaps.  It is also easy and cheap to produce, and exhibits low toxicity.  These attributes are the basis of many of its applications.  Related applications exist for the magnesium stearate.
Calcium stearate is used as a flow agent and surface conditioner in some candies such as Smarties, jawbreakers and Sprees.
It is a waterproofing agent for fabrics.
A lubricant in pencils and crayons.
The concrete industry uses calcium stearate for efflorescence control of cementitious products used in the production of concrete masonry units i.e. paver and block, as well as waterproofing.
In paper production, calcium stearate is used as a lubricant to provide good gloss, preventing dusting and fold cracking in paper and paperboard making.
In plastics, it can act as an acid scavenger or neutralizer at concentrations up to 1000ppm, a lubricant and a release agent. It may be used in plastic colorant concentrates to improve pigment wetting. In rigid PVC, it can accelerate fusion, improve flow, and reduce die swell.
Applications in the personal care and pharmaceutical industry include tablet mold release, anti-tack agent, and gelling agent.
Calcium stearate is a component in some types of defoamers.
Anticaking agent.

References

Category:Calcium compounds
Category:Food additives
Category:Stearates


1828 in Chile

The following lists events that happened during 1828 in Chile.

Incumbents
President of Chile: Francisco Antonio Pinto.

Events

August
9 August: The Chilean Constitution is promulgated.

Births
11 January - Miguel Luis Amunátegui

Deaths
date unknown - Luis de la Cruz
2 July - Martín Calvo Encalada
10 November - Francisco Antonio Pérez

References

Category:1820s in Chile
Chile
Chile


Anisotoma

Anisotoma is a genus of flowering plants formerly belonging to the plant family Asclepiadaceae, now considered to be part of the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. They are native to South Africa

Species
 Anisotoma cordifolia Fenzl - South Africa
 Anisotoma pedunculata N.E.Br. - KwaZulu-Natal

formerly included, transferred to Brachystelma
Anisotoma arnottii (Baker) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. synonym of  Brachystelma arnottii Baker

References

Category:Apocynaceae genera
Category:Endemic flora of South Africa
Category:Asclepiadoideae


2006 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships

The 26th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held from 27 April to 30 April 2006 in Volos, Greece.

Timetable

Medalists

Seniors

Team

Vault

Uneven Bars

Balance Beam

Floor Exercise

Juniors

Vault

Uneven Bars

Balance Beam

Floor Exercise

Medal Count

Seniors

Juniors

References

Women's 2006
European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Category:2006 in European sport
Category:Sport in Volos
Category:Events in Volos
Category:International gymnastics competitions hosted by Greece
Category:2006 in Greek sport


Go Live

Go Live (stylized as GO LIVE) is the fourth extended play by South Korean boy group ONF. It was released on October 7, 2019 by WM Entertainment and distributed by Stone Music Entertainment. The EP consisted of five tracks with the title track "Why".

Background and release
On August 23, 2019, WM Entertainment released the first teaser video for ONF's upcoming mini-album, featuring ONF member J-Us and filmed in Berlin, Germany. Shortly after, WM issued a statement announcing that Laun left the group and terminated his contract with the agency due to personal reasons. During the following weeks, teaser videos featuring the other members were released. The Go Live mini-album and title track 'Why' were announced on September 23, with a release date of October 7. The tracklisting was revealed two days later, on September 25.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly chart

Monthly chart

Release history

References

Category:ONF (band) EP
Category:2019 EPs


Daria Voit

Daria Stanislavovna Voit (; née Pustovoitova, ; born 11 January 1994) is a Russian chess player who holds the titles of FIDE Master (FM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM).

Career
In 2014 she won the Russian Junior Girls Championship. The following year, Voit won the women's section of the European Universities Chess Championships in Yerevan. In 2016 she won the Moscow women's blitz championship and the Moscow women's rapid championship. In 2016, in Novosibirsk, Voit tied for 4th-7th places in the Russian Women's Championship Superfinal.

References

External links

Daria Voit chess games at 365Chess.com

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chess FIDE Masters
Category:Chess woman grandmasters
Category:Chess Olympiad competitors
Category:Russian female chess players
Category:Sportspeople from Moscow


Chereninup Creek Reserve

Chereninup Creek Reserve is an  nature reserve in south-west Western Australia.  It is  west of Esperance,  north-east of Albany and  south-east of Perth.  It is located between the Stirling Range National Park and the Fitzgerald River National Park, on the southern edge of the Wheatbelt, and is owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA), by which it was purchased in 2003, and forms part of BHA’s Gondwana Link project.

Landscape
The reserve comprises undulating country vegetated with woodlands, shrublands and Kwongan heath communities.  Chereninup Creek flows through it.  An area of about 60 ha of the reserve was previously cleared but has since been revegetated.  The flora is very rich with a high diversity of Eucalyptus, Dryandra and Banksia species.

References

External links
 Bush Heritage Australia

Category:Bush Heritage Australia reserves
Category:Nature reserves in Western Australia
Category:2003 establishments in Australia
Category:Great Southern (Western Australia)


Nathan K. Hall

Nathan Kelsey Hall (March 28, 1810 – March 2, 1874) was a United States Representative from New York, the 14th United States Postmaster General and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.

Hall was nominated by President Millard Fillmore on August 13, 1852, to a seat vacated by Alfred Conkling. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 31, 1852, and received commission the same day. Hall's service was terminated on March 2, 1874, due to death.

Education and career

Born on March 28, 1810, in Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York, Hall moved to Erie County, New York in his early youth and attended the district schools, and engaged in shoe-making and agricultural pursuits. He read law with future President Millard Fillmore in 1832. He entered private practice in Buffalo, New York from 1832 to 1850. He was clerk for the Board of Supervisors of Erie County from 1832 to 1838. He was city attorney for Buffalo from 1833 to 1834. He was an alderman for Buffalo in 1837. He was a Master in Chancery in Buffalo from 1839 to 1841, on the appointment of Governor of New York William H. Seward. He was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Erie County from January 1841 to January 1845. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1846.

Congressional service and Postmaster General

Hall was elected as a Whig from New York's 32nd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 30th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1847, to March 3, 1849. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1848. Hall served as the 14th Postmaster General of the United States in the cabinet of President Millard Fillmore from July 23, 1850 to August 31, 1852.

Federal judicial service

Hall was nominated by President Millard Fillmore on August 13, 1852, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York vacated by Judge Alfred Conkling. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 31, 1852, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on March 2, 1874, due to his death in Buffalo. He was interred in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo.

University of Buffalo

Hall was "particularly active in procuring the charter" of the University at Buffalo, which President Fillmore founded.

References

Sources

 A biography on Nathan Hall

 Nathan K. Hall at Find A Grave

Category:1810 births
Category:1874 deaths
Category:United States Postmasters General
Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
Category:United States federal judges appointed by Millard Fillmore
Category:19th-century American judges
Category:Politicians from Buffalo, New York
Category:New York (state) lawyers
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo
Category:New York (state) Whigs
Category:Fillmore administration cabinet members
Category:Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:People from Marcellus, New York
Category:19th-century American politicians
Category:Lawyers from Buffalo, New York


Staircase Glacier

Staircase Glacier () is a glacier about 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, descending southwest between Mount Francis and Mount Titus into Tucker Glacier, in the Admiralty Mountains. So named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1957–58, for its proximity to the "Staircase" survey station, the latter so designated because a long line of steps were cut in the ice in climbing to it.

References

Category:Glaciers of Victoria Land
Category:Borchgrevink Coast


Rocky Mountain Rocket

The Rocky Mountain Rocket was a streamlined passenger train of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Rock Island's train numbers 7 and 8 ran between Chicago's LaSalle Street Station and Denver's Union Station and Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Rocky Mountain Rocket ran from 1939 to 1966; the train was discontinued prior to the creation of Amtrak in 1971.

History

The Rock Island was one of several railroads competing in the Chicago–Denver passenger market. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad started the streamliner era in the United States in 1934 when its Pioneer Zephyr made its special "Dawn-to-Dusk" run from Denver to Chicago in 13 hours 5 minutes. By 1936 both the Burlington's Denver Zephyr and the Union Pacific Railroad's City of Denver were locked in head-to-head competition, each with new equipment and a 16-hour schedule. The Rock Island's offering was the Rocky Mountain Limited, operating traditional heavyweight cars on a 27-hour schedule.

Although mired in bankruptcy, the Rock Island introduced six new streamlined trainsets, known as "Rockets", in 1936. Pleased with the results, the Rock Island bought two new sets of streamlined equipment for Chicago–Denver train. The new train, christened, the Rocky Mountain Rocket, entered service on November 12, 1939. In contrast to the Rocky Mountain Limited, the Rocket required only twenty hours. A separate section, diverging at Limon, Colorado, served Colorado Springs, Colorado. At the time the Rocket was the only train to provide Chicago–Colorado Springs service without changing trains. The new train was profitable, despite the slower running time compared to the Burlington and UP streamliners. Further competition arrived in 1942, when the Missouri Pacific Railroad and Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad introduced the Colorado Eagle between St. Louis, Missouri, and Denver.

Facing steep competition from airlines and improved highways, the Rocky Mountain Rocket lost its sleeping and dining cars in July 1965. Snack cars were added to replace the diners and remained in service until the train was discontinued 15 months later. The last train ran on October 16, 1966. Among its final passengers was the railfan and photographer Otto Perry. Unnamed train numbers 7 and 8 continued to operate between Chicago and Omaha, but the name was gone, along with all Rock Island passenger service west of Omaha.

Route
In 1942 the Rocky Mountain Rocket ran on a 19.5 hour schedule from Denver to Chicago. An extra quarter-hour was required for the Colorado Springs Section. At Limon, Colorado the  Rocket was split on its westbound run. The bulk of the train went northwest to Denver on the Union Pacific's main line (ex-Kansas Pacific) to Denver, while the rest of the train continued on Rock Island tracks southwest  to Colorado Springs. Eastbound, the train was combined at Limon and split in Belleville, Kansas, with one section continuing to Union Station, Kansas City, Missouri, while the other section went to Chicago.

Equipment

Both Budd and Pullman-Standard contributed cars to the inaugural equipment sets used by the Rocky Mountain Rocket. Each of the two equipment sets comprised a baggage car, 44-seat post office-coach, 52-seat coach, diner-lounge, two sleeping cars, and a sleeper-observation car. Budd built the baggage cars, coaches, and dining cars. The diner-lounge could seat 32 patrons in the main dining, plus 14 in a cocktail lounge. The car included a kitchen and pantry. Pullman-Standard built the sleeping cars and sleeper-observation car. The first sleeping car contained eight sections, two compartments, and two double bedrooms. The second contained ten sections and four roomettes. The sleeper-observation contained five bedrooms toward the front of the car, followed by a small lounge and round-end observation area.

The motive power for the Rocket was unusual. The Rock Island assigned an EMC E6 and EMC AB6 to haul the train. The AB6s, unique to the Rock Island and this route, were flat-fronted, similar to a B unit, but with a cab and capable of independent operation. It could operate behind an A unit without ruining the streamlined profile of the train, but then pull the Colorado Springs section after the separation in Limon.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Rocky Mountain Rocket Consists (archive link), Rock Island Technical Society
 Rocky Mountain Rocket 1941 schedule, route details and accommodations

Category:Railway services introduced in 1939
Category:Named passenger trains of the United States
Category:Passenger trains of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
Category:Night trains of the United States
Category:Railway services discontinued in 1966


Ptocheuusa paupella

Ptocheuusa paupella, the light fleabane neb, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found from central and southern Europe to the Ural Mountains. It is also found in Turkey and India.

The wingspan is 10–12 mm. The ground colour is buff, streaked with whitish and with darker speckling. Adults are on wing in June and again from August to September.

The larvae feed in the seedheads of Pulicaria dysenterica, Centaurea nigra and Inula crithmoides.

References

Category:Moths described in 1847
Category:Ptocheuusa
Category:Moths of India
Category:Moths of Europe
Category:Insects of Turkey


Cathy Hamblin

Cathy Hamblin (born January 6, 1953) is an American athlete. She competed in the women's pentathlon at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Category:American pentathletes
Category:Olympic track and field athletes of the United States
Category:Sportspeople from Pittsburgh


Parides sesostris

Parides sesostris, the emerald-patched cattleheart or southern cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae.

Subspecies
 P. s. sesostris (Cramer, 1779) (Suriname to eastern Ecuador and south to northern Peru and Brazil)
 P. s. tarquinius (Boisduval, 1836) (Panama to western Ecuador and western Venezuela)
 P. s. trinitensis K. S. Brown, 1994 (Trinidad)
 P. s. zestos (Gray [1853]) (southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica, excluding El Salvador)
 P. s. zischkai (Forster, 1955) (Bolivia)

Description

Parides sesostris has a wingspan reaching . The head, the thorax and the abdomen are black. The basic color of the upperside of the forewings is black, with large green areas on the basal portion of the forewings. The underside of the forewings is dark brown. The underside of the hindwings is dark brown, with a chain of red spots on the outer edge. The hindwings are scalloped but they have no tails. The larvae feed on Aristolochia barbata, A. bicolor, A. grandiflora, A. sprucei, and A. trianae. It is not threatened.

Description from Seitz

P. sesostris. Forewing in the male with very large green area which touches the cell; hindwing either black or with a red spot before the hindmargin. Forewing of the female with at least two white spots; the red band on the hindwing generally broad. Scent-organ of the male with white wool, except at the base, which is black. Mexico to the Amazon, in three subspecies. — The northern form is zestos Gray (3a). The male has always a red spot on the hindwing. In the female the band on the upper surface of the hindwing is bright red. South Mexico to Costa Rica. — tarquinius Boisd. occurs from Panama to Ecuador and North Venezuela.The upper surface of the hindwing of the male has mostly a red spot as in zestos, but the band on the under face is more obliquely placed. In the female the second white spot on the forewing is somewhat larger than in zestos, and the band on the under surface of the hindwing is nearer to the cell. — sesostris Cr. (female = tullus Cr.) (2d) has very rarely a red spot on the upper surface of the hindwing of the male, and the spots on the under surface are placed somewhat nearer to the margin. In the female the two white spots on the forewing are widely separated from the cell. Orinoco ; Guiana ; Para to Peru ; Bolivia ; Goyaz.This species is a strong flier, which appears never to leave the woods.

Description from Rothschild and Jordan(1906)
A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)

Distribution
This species is native to the Americas. It is widespread from Mexico until Brazil and Peru.

Taxonomy

Parides sesostris is a member of the sesostris species group

The members are
Parides childrenae
Parides sesostris

References

Further reading

External links
Butterflycorner

sesostris
Category:Butterflies of Central America
Category:Butterflies of Mexico
Category:Lepidoptera of the Caribbean
Category:Papilionidae of South America