I Like It (DeBarge song)

"I Like It" is a 1982 R&B/Soul song by American family band DeBarge. Released on August 20, 1982 by Motown Records (Gordy), It was the second single from their second studio album, All This Love.

Overview

Recording
After releasing their poorly-received self-titled album, the group quickly returned to the studio to record their second album. Choosing to add younger brother James and shortening their name to simply DeBarge, the group returned to Motown's recording studios determined to produce a hit.

The song was musically composed by El DeBarge, who also produced the track with Iris Gordy, with lyrics provided by Randy, El and sister Bunny, who composed the much-copied bridge. While being interviewed for the TV documentary, Unsung, in 2008, co-producer Iris Gordy told El to sing the final ad-libs "I like it, I like it", in a higher register. El responded by telling Iris that she was "trying to make sound like [his brother] Bobby", to which Iris returned with, "you better thank your lucky stars if you sound even close to Bobby".<ref>DeBarge: Unsung (2008), TV-One</ref>

According to Randy, who was also interviewed for the show, while he wrote lyrics to and sang lead on the song's verses, while Bunny wrote the bridge, which El sung, while Bunny said El "was the producer, he brought it all home". El composed the musical track and played piano. It also featured a sing-along type unified harmony which was arranged by El.

Reception
"I Like It" was released in August 1982 and became the band's first huge hit, peaking at number two on the R&B singles chart while crossing over to the pop singles chart, where it peaked at number 31 helping to make their All This Love album go gold.

It has remained a covered and sampled track in R&B and hip-hop music since its release with some of its lyrics and melodies interpolated or recalled in other songs. The El-sung bridge, "I like the way you comb your hair/and I like the stylish clothes you wear/it's just the little things you do/that shows how much you really care", has been often repeated.

The original song is deemed a "Motown classic" by fans of the label's sound.

Cover versions
R&B trio Jomanda covered it in 1991, while artists such as Nelly, LL Cool J, Beyoncé, Grand Puba and Warren G have sampled the song. In July 1993, Jomanda's cover reached #83 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #69 on the Cash Box Top 100.

Jesse Powell also covered the song in 2003 from his album, Jesse''.

In a tribute to Motown acts, Chico DeBarge performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in 2009 surprisingly hitting the high notes his brother El had hit in the original recording; Chico is known for singing predominantly in the tenor range.

Charts
De Barge version

Jomanda cover

Personnel
Lead vocals by Randy DeBarge and El DeBarge
Background vocals by DeBarge (Bunny DeBarge, El DeBarge, Randy DeBarge, Mark DeBarge and James DeBarge)
Produced by El DeBarge and Iris Gordy
Instrumentation:
Ollie Brown: drums
Curtis Anthony Nolen: guitar
Randy DeBarge: bass guitar
Mark DeBarge, George Bohannon, Ray Brown and Roy Popper: trumpets
El DeBarge: piano, keyboards

References

External links

Category:1982 singles
Category:DeBarge songs
Category:Songs written by El DeBarge
Category:1982 songs
Category:Gordy Records singles


I Am Here

I Am Here may refer to:

 I Am Here!, a manga
 I Am Here (film), a 2016 Canadian animated short film
 I Am Here, also known as The 11th Hour, a 2014 film by Anders Morgenthaler

See also
 I'm Here (disambiguation)


Lakes Subdivision

The Lakes Subdivision or Lakes Sub is a railway line operated by BNSF Railway that runs about  from the Grand Forks Subdivision at Cass Lake, Minnesota, to Superior, Wisconsin, where there are a number of lines. U.S. Highway 2 runs parallel to the line for most of its route. U.S. 2 continues across the St. Louis River east of Brookston, while the rail line stays on the southern bank of the river.  Prior to the creation of BNSF, the line was operated by the Burlington Northern Railroad as part of their Lake Superior Division.  Today, it is operated by BNSF's Twin Cities Division.

BNSF's Casco Subdivision to Hibbing connects to the Lakes Sub on both ends, at Gunn near Grand Rapids and at Brookston.  The Lakes Sub also has a junction with the Brainerd Subdivision at Carlton and the Hinckley Subdivision at Boylston in Wisconsin.

As of 2009, the line carried about seven trains per day which primarily had loads of coal and taconite.

References

Category:BNSF Railway lines
Category:Rail infrastructure in Minnesota
Category:Rail infrastructure in Wisconsin
Category:Great Northern Railway (U.S.)


Kudahuraa

Kudahuraa as a place name may refer to:
 Kudahuraa (Kaafu Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)
 Kudahuraa (Laamu Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)


Herpetogramma mutualis

Herpetogramma mutualis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Zeller in 1852. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (North Kivu, East Kasai, Equateur, Orientale), Namibia, Somalia, South Africa and Tanzania (Zanzibar).

References

Category:Moths described in 1852
Category:Herpetogramma
Category:Moths of Africa


Icepeak

Icepeak may refer to:

 IC3PEAK, a Russian experimental electronic band
 Ice Peak, a stratovolcano in British Columbia, Canada
 A snow field capped mountain

See also

 Glacial maximum
 Ice Mountain (disambiguation)
 Snow Peak (disambiguation)
 Icecap (disambiguation)
 Peak (disambiguation)
 Ice (disambiguation)


International figure skating

Figure skating is a sport with participants across the world. Originally based in North America and Europe, the sport has experienced a major expansion in the countries of East Asia.

The international governing body of the sport is the International Skating Union (ISU). Only those nations which are members of the International Skating Union are allowed to compete in the figure skating events in the Olympic Games.

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe
Some countries within Asia are listed here if they may compete at the European Championships.

Oceania

History

In Australia
Brisbane hosted the World Junior Championships in 1988 and 1996. Stephanie Zhang (ladies' bronze, 2000) and Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya / Harley Windsor (pairs gold in 2016) have won ISU Junior Grand Prix medals for Australia. Alexandrovskaya/Windsor also won Australia's first gold medal at an ISU Championship, at the 2017 World Junior Figure Skating Championships.
Team Evolution from Brisbane were awarded a Gold Medal in the Synchronized ISU Sanctioned Event at the Zagreb Snowflakes Trophy 2020.

In Austria
In 1897, Gustav Hügel became the first Austrian to win a World title in figure skating. In 1922, Herma Szabo won Austria's first World ladies' title. She would go on to win the next four World Championships.

Willy Böckl won four consecutive World titles (1925–28). In the 1930s, Karl Schäfer (1930–36) and Felix Kaspar (1937–38) produced a nine-year streak of World men's titles for Austria. Following World War II, Austrian competitors were initially barred from international events. They returned to the World Championships in 1948.

In the 1960s, Austria experienced a resurgence led by Emmerich Danzer, a three-time World champion (1966–68), and Wolfgang Schwarz, the 1968 Olympic champion.

Vienna (1907, 1913, 1923, 1925, 1937, 1955, 1967, 1979) is the only city within the modern borders of Austria to host the World Championships.

In Belarus
Minsk hosted the World Junior Championships in 2012.

In Belgium
Antwerp hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics, where figure skating made its second Olympic appearance.

In 1947, Micheline Lannoy / Pierre Baugniet became the first Belgians to win the World title in pair skating.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics and three World Junior Championships (1983, 1986, 1989).

In Bulgaria
Ice dancers Albena Denkova / Maxim Staviski were the first skaters to win a World title for Bulgaria, winning gold in 2006 and 2007.

Sofia has hosted the European Championships (1991, 1996) and World Junior Championships (2001, 2008, 2009, 2014).

In Canada

The first ISU Championships held in Canada were the 1932 World Championships in Montreal.

In 1947, Barbara Ann Scott became the first Canadian woman to win a World figure skating title. She successfully defended her title the following year. Frances Dafoe / Norris Bowden won Canada's first World pair skating title, in 1954, and repeated the following year. Barbara Wagner / Robert Paul won four consecutive World pairs' titles for Canada, from 1957 to 1960.

In 1957, Geraldine Fenton / William McLachlan became the first Canadian ice dancers to finish on the World podium, taking the silver medal. In 1962, Donald Jackson became the first Canadian to win the World men's title.

Donald McPherson (1963), Petra Burka (1965), and Karen Magnussen (1973) also won World titles for Canada. Kurt Browning became a four-time World champion (1989–91, 1993).

In 2003, Shae-Lynn Bourne / Victor Kraatz won Canada's first World ice dancing title. Tessa Virtue / Scott Moir would be the first Canadian ice dancers to win the Olympics, in 2010.

Montreal (1932), Vancouver (1960, 2001), Calgary (1972, 2006), Ottawa (1978, 1984), Halifax, Nova Scotia (1990), Edmonton (1996), and London, Ontario (2013) have hosted the World Championships. Halifax (1999), Hamilton, Ontario (2004), and Vancouver (2009) have hosted Four Continents. London, Ontario (1981), Kitchener, Ontario (1987, 2005), Hull, Quebec (1992), and Saint John, New Brunswick (1998) have hosted Junior Worlds. Calgary (1988) and Vancouver (2010) have also organized the Winter Olympics.

In China
In 1995, Chen Lu became the first Chinese woman to win a World title. In 2002, Shen Xue / Zhao Hongbo became the first pair from China to become World champions and the first pair to win an Olympic medal. In 2010, they became China's first Olympic champions in any figure skating category.

Shanghai was the first city in China to host the World Championships, in 2015. Beijing will organize the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Chinese skaters most commonly train in Beijing or Harbin.

In Chinese Taipei
The city of Taipei hosted the Four Continents Championships in 2011, 2014, and 2016. It will host the World Junior Championships in 2017.

In Croatia
Croatian skaters represented Yugoslavia until the end of the 1990–91 season. Sanda Dubravčić was the first Croatian woman to stand on an ISU Championship podium, winning silver at the 1981 European Championships. In 1992, Tomislav Čižmešija and Željka Čižmešija became the first skaters to represent Croatia at the Olympics and World Championships.

Zagreb hosted the European Championships in 1974, 1979, 2008, and 2013.

In the Czech Republic
The first ISU Championships held in the territory that would become the Czech Republic were the 1908 Worlds and 1928 Europeans. Both took place in Opava, which was known as Troppau in 1908. Some Czech skaters may have represented Austria until World War I, following which they could compete for Czechoslovakia.

Josef Slíva was the first Czech skater to compete at the Olympics, placing fourth in 1924 (Chamonix). Alena Vrzáňová was the first Czech woman to medal at the European Championships (taking bronze in 1948), to become a World champion (1949), and to become European champion (1950). Eva Romanová / Pavel Roman were the first Czech ice dancers to stand on a World podium, winning four consecutive gold medals (1962–65). Czech skaters represented Czechoslovakia until the end of the 1992–93 season.

In March 1995, pair skaters Radka Kovaříková / René Novotný won gold at the World Championships in Birmingham, England. In January 2008, Tomáš Verner was awarded gold at the European Championships in Zagreb, Croatia. In February 2009, Michal Březina won silver in men's singles at the 2009 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria. He won bronze at the 2013 European Championships in Zagreb, Croatia. In March 2016, Anna Dušková / Martin Bidař became the Czech Republic's first World Junior champions in figure skating, taking gold in the pairs event in Debrecen, Hungary.

Two Czech skaters have won Grand Prix events – Verner, at the 2010 Cup of Russia, and Březina, at the 2011 Skate America.

Opava (1908) and Prague (1964, 1993) have hosted the World Championships. Opava (1928), Prague (1934, 1937, 1948, 1988, 1999), and Ostrava (2017) have been selected to host the European Championships.

In Denmark
Copenhagen is the only Danish city to host the European Championships (1975, 1986, 1994) or World Championships (1982).

In Estonia
Estonia began holding national championships in 1917 and was represented at the 1936 Winter Olympics. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union. Although it continued to be recognized as a sovereign state by most western governments, Estonian skaters could no longer represent their native country, until the 1990s. During the occupation, many Russians settled in Estonia and some remained after 1991. Some elite Estonian skaters have come from the Russian community.

Tallinn hosted the 2010 European Championships, 2015 World Junior Championships, and the ISU Junior Grand Prix in Estonia six times.

In Finland
The first ISU Championships held in Finland were the 1914 World Championships in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire.

In 1933, Marcus Nikkanen became the first Finn to medal in men's singles at the World Championships, winning bronze.

Helsinki is the only Finnish city to host the World Championships (1914, 1983, 1999, 2017). It hosted the European Championships in 1977, 1993, and 2009.

In France
Chamonix, France hosted the Figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics, where figure skating made its third Olympic appearance. In 1926, Andreé Joly-Brunet / Pierre Brunet won France's first World title in pair skating. They would win three more World titles as a pair.

The first ISU Championships held in France were the 1932 European and 1936 World Championships, both in Paris.

In 1952, Jacqueline du Bief became the first French skater to win the World ladies' title. In 1960, Alain Giletti won the first World men's title for France. Alain Calmat was the next World men's champion from France, in 1965.

In 1991, Isabelle Duchesnay / Paul Duchesnay won France's first World title in ice dancing.

Paris (1932, 1956, 1997), Grenoble (1964), Strasbourg (1978), and Lyon (1982, 2006) have hosted the European Championships. Paris (1936, 1949, 1952, 1958, 1989), Lyon (1971), Nice (2000, 2012) have organized the World Championships. Megève (1976, 1977, 1978, and 1980) has hosted the World Junior Championships. Chamonix (1924), Grenoble (1968), and Albertville (1992) have organized the Olympics.

In Germany
The first European Championships were held in 1891 in Hamburg. In 1908, representing the German Empire, Anna Hübler / Heinrich Burger became the first-ever World champions in pair skating.

Following World War II, German competitors were barred from international events for several years. West Germany debuted at Worlds in 1951 and East Germany in 1962. In 1954, Gundi Busch (West Germany) became the first German to win a World ladies' title. East German ladies would grow more successful – Gabriele Seyfert, Christine Errath, Anett Pötzsch, and Katarina Witt won a total of nine World titles.

Aliona Savchenko / Robin Szolkowy won five World pairs' titles for Germany.

Berlin (1904, 1911, 1926, 1928, 1931, 1938), Munich (1906, 1974, 1991), Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1956), and Dortmund (1964, 1980, 2004) have hosted the World Championships.

In Hungary
The first ISU Championships held in Hungary were the 1895 European Championships in Budapest.

In 1908, Lily Kronberger became Hungary's first World figure skating champion. Hungarian skaters would win seven consecutive World ladies' titles – Kronberger in 1908–11, Opika von Méray Horváth in 1912–1914.

In the first half of the 20th century, Hungary had several World bronze medalist in men's singles – Andor Szende (1910, 1912–13), Dénes Pataky (1935), and Elemér Terták (1937). Ede Király won bronze in 1948 and then two consecutive silver medals.

In 1931, Emília Rotter / László Szollás won Hungary's first pair skating World title. Krisztina Regőczy / András Sallay were the first Hungarians to become World champions in ice dancing, winning the 1980 World Championships in Dortmund.

In February 2004, Júlia Sebestyén became the first Hungarian to win a European title in ladies' figure skating.

Budapest (1935, 1939, 1988) is the only city in Hungary to host the World Championships.

In India
As of 2011, India had four major indoor ice rinks, with plans for ten more to be built, mostly in malls, over the following five years. Gujarat's first indoor rink opened in 2015. The secretary of the Ice Skating Association of India stated that lack of government assistance and a scarcity of international standard rinks continued to hinder the development of its athletes.

In Israel
In January 2016, Oleksii Bychenko won silver at the European Championships in Bratislava; it was Israel's first European figure skating medal. In March 2016, Daniel Samohin was awarded gold at the World Junior Championships in Debrecen, becoming the first Israeli skater to stand on a World Junior podium and the first to win gold at an ISU Championship.

The number of young skaters training regularly in Israel expanded from twenty to over 350 after the 2013 opening of a rink in Holon but growth remained limited due to a "lack of funding and insufficient facilities".

In Italy
The first ISU Championships held in Italy were the 1949 European and 1951 World Championships, both in Milan. In 1953, Carlo Fassi won Italy's first World medal (bronze) in men's singles. Cortina d'Ampezzo hosted the 1956 Winter Olympics, where figure skating made its ninth Olympic appearance.

Rita Trapanese was the first Italian woman to stand on the European podium, winning bronze in 1971 and silver in 1972.

In March 2001, ice dancers Barbara Fusar-Poli / Maurizio Margaglio became the first Italians to win a World title in any figure skating discipline. In March 2012, Carolina Kostner became Italy's first World champion in ladies' singles. In March 2014, Anna Cappellini / Luca Lanotte won Italy's third World figure skating title.

Milan (1949, 1998), Bolzano (1954), and Turin (2005) have hosted the European Championships. Milan (1951), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1963), and Turin (2010) have hosted the World Championships. Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956) and Turin (2006) have organized the Olympics.

In Japan

By 1932, Japan began sending skaters to the World Championships and Olympics. Following World War II, Japanese competitors were barred from international events for several years and returned to the World Championships in 1951. Sapporo was the first Japanese city to host the Winter Olympics, in 1972, while Tokyo was the first Japanese city to host the World Championships, in 1977.

At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Midori Ito became the first woman to land seven triple jumps in one segment. In March 1989, she won Japan's first World title in figure skating. In February 1992, she became the first Japanese skater to stand on an Olympic podium, winning silver at the Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. She is the first woman to land a triple-triple jump combination and a triple Axel in competition.

In February 2006, Shizuka Arakawa became the first Japanese skater to be awarded an Olympic gold medal.

Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran won Japan's first World medal in pair skating, taking bronze at the 2012 World Championships in Nice, France.

In February 2014, Yuzuru Hanyu won Japan's first Olympic title in men's figure skating. Mao Asada is her country's most successful ladies' figure skater at the World Championships, winning three titles.

Tokyo (1977, 1985, 2007), Chiba, Chiba (1994), Nagano (2002), Saitama, Saitama (2014) have hosted the World Championships, while Osaka (2000, 2013) has hosted Four Continents. Sapporo also hosted the 1984 World Junior Championships. Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998) have organized the Winter Olympics.

In Latvia
Latvia had representatives in all three disciplines at the 1936 Winter Olympics. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union. Although it continued to be recognized as a sovereign state by most western governments, Latvian skaters could no longer represent their native country, until the 1990s. During the occupation, many Russians settled in Latvia and some remained after 1991. Some elite Latvian skaters have come from the Russian community.

Konstantin Kostin (in 1993) and Angelīna Kučvaļska (in 2016) have finished as high as fourth at the European Championships.

In Lithuania
Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Lithuania was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union. Although it continued to be recognized as a sovereign state by most western governments, Lithuanian skaters could not represent their native country prior to the 1990s. Compared to the other Baltic states, fewer elite Lithuanian skaters have come from the Russian community due to the smaller scale of Russian immigration during the occupation. Margarita Drobiazko / Povilas Vanagas are the most successful Lithuanian skaters, having won bronze medals at the World Championships, European Championships, and Grand Prix Final.

In Kazakhstan
In March 2013, Denis Ten was awarded the silver medal at the World Championships; it was Kazakhstan's first World medal in figure skating. In February 2014, he became his country's first Olympic medalist in figure skating, winning bronze in Sochi. In February 2015, he became the first skater from Kazakhstan to stand on the podium at a Four Continents Championships, receiving the gold medal.

Elizabet Tursynbayeva is Kazakhstan's first female skater to step on an ISU Championship podium. She won silver at both the 2019 Four Continents and 2019 World Championships.

In Malaysia
In March 2018, Julian Yee became the first Malaysian figure skater to compete at an Olympic Games.

Malaysia's Sports Commissioner de-registered the Ice Skating Association of Malaysia (ISAM) after ISAM failed to produce financial reports for multiple years. The Malaysia Ice Skating Federation (MISF) was formed in December 2018 to replace ISAM.

In the Netherlands
The Dutch added edges to ice skates in the 13th or 14th century. Skating was used as a means of transportation because the waterways which connected Dutch towns sometimes froze for months on end, hampering the economy.

In 1962, Sjoukje Dijkstra became the first World ladies' champion from the Netherlands. She would win three consecutive World titles.

In Norway
The first ISU Championships held in Norway were the 1898 European Championships in Trondheim.

Sonja Henie was the first Norwegian woman to become a World figure skating champion and the most successful ladies' singles skater in history. She won three consecutive Olympics (1928, 1932, 1936), ten consecutive World Championships (1927–36), and six consecutive European Championships (1931–36).

Oslo (1952) and Lillehammer (1994) have organized the Winter Olympics. Oslo has hosted the World Championships (1954). Trondheim (1898) and Oslo (1913, 1923, 1950) have hosted the European Championships.

In Poland
Due to the Partitions of Poland, Polish skaters initially lacked the option of representing their native country. Some may have competed for Austria, Germany or the Russian Empire until Poland regained its independence following World War I.

The first ISU Championships held in Poland were the 1908 European Championships in Warsaw, then under the Russian Empire. Zofia Bilorówna / Tadeusz Kowalski were Poland's first European medalists, winning bronze at the 1934 European Championships.

Grzegorz Filipowski won two European medals – bronze in 1985 and silver in 1989 – and bronze at the 1989 World Championships.

No Polish city has ever hosted the World Championships. Warsaw hosted the European Championships in 1908 and 2007.

In Russia

In 1896, the Russian Empire hosted the first World Figure Skating Championships, in Saint Petersburg. In October 1908, Nikolai Panin became Russia's first Olympic champion, winning gold in special figures at the Summer Olympics in London.

Following the Russian Civil War, Russian skaters represented the Soviet Union. Until the late 1950s, they were rarely sent to international competitions. Ludmila Belousova / Oleg Protopopov began the forty-year Soviet/Russian gold medal streak in pair skating, the longest in Olympic sports history, from 1964 to 2006. Irina Rodnina won ten consecutive World titles (1969–78) and three successive Olympic gold medals (1972, 1976, 1980). She and Artur Dmitriev are the only pair skaters to win the Olympics with two partners.

In 1969, Lyudmila Pakhomova / Aleksandr Gorshkov became the first Russian ice dancers to stand on a World podium, winning the silver medal. From 1970 to 1979, Moscow natives were awarded ten consecutive World ice dancing titles, beginning with Pakhomova/Gorshkov, who won five.

Russian skaters competed for the Soviet Union through the first half of the 1991–92 season. In the second half, they represented the Commonwealth of Independent States (at the 1992 Europeans and 1992 Worlds), and the Unified Team (at the 1992 Winter Olympics). By the start of the 1992–93 season, they were competing under the Russian flag.

Russian skaters won four consecutive Olympics in men's singles – Alexei Urmanov in 1994, Ilia Kulik in 1998, Alexei Yagudin in 2002, and Evgeni Plushenko in 2006. Yagudin also won four World titles (1998–2000, 2002) and three European titles, while Plushenko won three World titles (2001, 2003–04) and seven European titles. Ice dancers Oksana Grishuk / Evgeni Platov won two consecutive Olympic titles for Russia.

In March 1999, Maria Butyrskaya became the first Russian to win the World ladies' title.

The most common training locations for elite skaters are Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Perm, Yekaterinburg, and Kirov, Kirov Oblast have produced successful skaters. In the 21st century, Sochi grew in popularity as a training location. Saint Petersburg (1896, 1903) and Moscow (2005, 2011) have hosted the World Championships.

In March 2016, Russia had over 400 rinks with artificial ice.

In Slovakia
Some Slovak skaters may have represented Austria until World War I, following which they could compete for Czechoslovakia. The first ISU Championships held in Slovakia were the 1958 European Championships in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.

Karol Divín, who trained in Bratislava, won the 1960 Olympic silver medal, two European titles (1958–59), and two World medals (silver in 1962, bronze in 1964). Ondrej Nepela was the first Slovak to become the World men's champion (1971–73) and the first to win the Olympics (1972). Jozef Sabovčík won the 1984 Olympic bronze medal and two European titles (1985 and 1986). Slovak skaters represented Czechoslovakia until the end of the 1992–93 season.

Bratislava (1973) is the only Slovak city to host the World Championships. It hosted the European Championships in 1958, 1966, 2001, and 2016.

In Slovenia
Ljubljana is the only Slovenian city to host the European Championships (1967) or World Championships (1970).

In South Korea
In February 2010, Yuna Kim became the first Olympic figure skating champion from South Korea.

Jeonju (2002, 2010), Gangneung (2005, 2017), Goyang (2008), and Seoul (2015) have been selected to host the Four Continents Championships. Seoul (1993, 1997) and Gangneung (2011) have also hosted the World Junior Championships. Pyeongchang will host the 2018 Winter Olympics.

In Spain
In January 2013, Javier Fernández became the first Spanish skater to win the European title. At the time, Spain had just 14 indoor rinks and 600 registered figure skaters. In March 2015, Fernández won Spain's first World title in figure skating. When he repeated in 2016, Spain had 17 ice rinks, compared to a hundred in Toronto, and 300 licensed skaters, compared to about 15,000 in France.

No ISU Championships have been held in Spain but the country has twice hosted the combined Grand Prix Final and Junior Grand Prix Final, in 2014 and 2015.

In Sweden
The first ISU Championships held in Sweden were the 1897 World Championships in Stockholm. Ulrich Salchow won ten World figure skating titles for Sweden (1901–05 and 1907–11).

Stockholm (1897, 1901, 1905, 1909, 1922, 1934, 1947) and Gothenburg (1976, 2008) have hosted the World Championships. Stockholm (1912, 2015), Västerås (1968), Gothenburg (1972, 1980, 1985), Malmö (2003) have hosted the European Championships.

In Switzerland
The first ISU Championships held in Switzerland were the 1899 Europeans and 1899 Worlds, both in Davos. Saint Moritz hosted the 1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics, where figure skating made its fourth and seventh Olympic appearances, respectively.

In 1947, Hans Gerschwiler won Switzerland's first World men's title. Stéphane Lambiel became a two-time World champion (2005–06).

Davos (1899, 1900, 1910, 1927, 1948, 1953, 1966), Zurich (1933), Geneva (1968, 1986), and Lausanne (1997) have hosted the World Championships. St. Moritz hosted the Olympics in 1928 and 1948.

In Ukraine
Ukrainian skaters competed for the Soviet Union for much of the 20th century. This ended after the December 1991 referendum, in which every oblast approved Ukraine's declaration of independence. In the second half of the 1991–92 season, Ukrainian skaters represented the Commonwealth of Independent States (at the 1992 Europeans and 1992 Worlds), and the Unified Team (at the 1992 Winter Olympics). By the start of the 1992–93 season, they were competing under the Ukrainian flag.

Viktor Petrenko won the 1992 Olympic title representing the Unified Team. Oksana Baiul won the 1993 World Championships and 1994 Olympics competing for Ukraine. Dmytro Dmytrenko won gold at the 1993 European Championships and Viacheslav Zagorodniuk took bronze at the 1994 World Championships.

Ukraine has never hosted a major international figure skating competition. It has organized four ISU Junior Grand Prix events, from 1997 to 2004. It was scheduled to host its first ISU Challenger Series event in November 2016 but the competition was cancelled. In 2010, Tatiana Volosozhar and Stanislav Morozov stated that conditions for skaters in Ukraine were poor, with only one good rink remaining. Most of Ukraine's figure skaters have come from Kiev, Dnipro, Kharkiv, and Odessa. Western oblasts have developed few competitors due to limited ice rinks. In 2016, Uzhhorod began construction of an Olympic-sized ice rink.

In the United Kingdom
The first ISU Championships held in the United Kingdom were the 1898 World Championships in London. London was also the location of figure skating's Olympic debut, which occurred at the Summer Olympics in October 1908.

In February 1899, Edgar Syers became the first British skater to win a World medal, taking the bronze medal. In 1902, Madge Syers won the World silver medal competing against men. In 1906, following the creation of a separate category for women, she became the first-ever World ladies' champion. In 1909, Phyllis Johnson / James H. Johnson became the first British pair to win the World title.

Jean Westwood / Lawrence Demmy won the first-ever World ice dancing title, in 1952, and went on to become four-time World champions. British ice dancers won nine consecutive World titles from 1952 to 1960. Jayne Torvill / Christopher Dean won the 1984 Winter Olympics.

London (1898, 1902, 1929, 1950), Manchester (1912, 1924), and Birmingham (1995) have hosted the World Championships.

In August 2000, Sport England decided that the National Ice Skating Association would no longer receive £400,000 annually from lottery funds, citing poor performance.

In the United States

In 1924, Beatrix Loughran became the first U.S. skater to stand on the World ladies' podium, winning the bronze medal. She also won silver at the 1924 Winter Olympics. The first ISU Championships held in the United States were the 1930 World Championships in New York City. Lake Placid, New York hosted the 1932 Winter Olympics, where figure skating made its fifth Olympic appearance.

Figure skating grew in the U.S. following World War II. In 1948, Dick Button became the first American men's skater to win the Olympics, and the first to become World champion. In 1950, Karol Kennedy / Peter Kennedy won the United States' first World pair skating title. In 1953, Tenley Albright became the first American woman to win the World title.

From 1948 through 1959, the United States won twelve consecutive World men's titles – Button won five (1948–52), Hayes Alan Jenkins won four (1953–56), and David Jenkins won three (1957–59). From 1953 to 1960, American women won seven World titles – Albright (1953, 1955) and Carol Heiss (1956–60).

In 1952, Carol Ann Peters / Daniel Ryan won bronze at the first-ever World ice dancing competition. In 1961, 18 American skaters heading to the World Championships were killed in the Sabena Flight 548 crash.

In 1966, Peggy Flemming won the first of three consecutive World titles. In 1979, Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner became the second American pair to become World champions.

Between 1996 and 2003, Michelle Kwan won five World titles. In February 2014, Meryl Davis / Charlie White became the first American ice dancers to become Olympic champions.

New York City (1930), Colorado Springs, Colorado (1957, 1959, 1965, 1969, 1975), Hartford, Connecticut (1981), Cincinnati (1987), Oakland, California (1992), Minneapolis (1998), Washington, D.C. (2003), Los Angeles (2009), and Boston (2016) have hosted the World Championships. Lake Placid, New York (1932, 1980), Squaw Valley, California (1960), and Salt Lake City, Utah (2002) have organized the Olympics. Salt Lake City (2001), Colorado Springs (2006, 2007, 2012) have hosted Four Continents. Colorado Springs (1985, 1990, 1994) has hosted the World Junior Championships.

See also
List of member federations of the International Skating Union

References

External links
 ISU member federations
 International Skating Union

Category:Figure skating


Sheikh Ijlin

Sheikh Ijlin () is a neighborhood in southern Gaza City near the coastal road.

On 18 November 2002, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) attacked the neighborhood, destroying the offices of the Preventive Security Force of the Palestinian National Authority.

References

Bibliography
 (visit in 1863: p. 214)

External links
SWP map 19, IAA
SWP map 19, Wikimedia commons

Category:Neighborhoods of Gaza City


Boyaokro

Boyaokro is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Kounahiri, Kounahiri Department, Béré Region, Woroba District.

Boyaokro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Notes

Category:Former communes of Ivory Coast
Category:Populated places in Woroba District
Category:Populated places in Béré Region


Tannock

Tannock is a surname, and may refer to:

 Charles Tannock, British politician and psychiatrist
 Colin Tannock (1891–1972), Scottish-born Australian politician
 David Tannock (1873–1952), New Zealand horticulturist
 James Tannock (1784–1863), Scottish portrait painter
 Peter Tannock (born 1940), Australian rules football administrator
 Ross Tannock (born 1971), Scottish footballer


Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain SRCR is short for Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain. They are found solely in eukaryotes.
These domains are present on the cell membrane and have a role in binding to specific ligands and are often found to be involved with the immune system.

Function
The function of these endocytic receptors are to mediating non-opsonic phagocytosis in response to foreign ligands. This triggers various  processes of host defence and immune response.

Structure
The structure contains a  six stranded beta-sheet and one alpha-helix.

Examples
The  speract receptor  found in egg, is a transmembrane glycoprotein. Other members of this family include the macrophage scavenger receptor type I, an enteropeptidase, and T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5.

References

Category:Protein domains


Staccato (disambiguation)

Staccato is a form of musical articulation, signifying an unconnected note.

Staccato may also refer to:

Johnny Staccato, an American private detective series and its title character
The Five Man Electrical Band, a Canadian rock group formerly known as The Staccatos
Staccato, a comic by Shawn Handyside
Staccato lightning, a form of lightning
Staccato cough, a type of cough
Mr. Staccato, a character in The Secret Order of the Gumm Street Girls


Dam-e Abbas

Dam-e Abbas (, also Romanized as Dam-e ‘Abbās; also known as Qaryeh-ye Dam ‘Abbās) is a village in Doshman Ziari Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 27 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Kohgiluyeh County


Bert Richardson (footballer)

Bertram Leslie Richardson (3 January 1887 – 15 August 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Notes

External links

Category:1887 births
Category:1962 deaths
Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Category:St Kilda Football Club players
Category:Maryborough Football Club players


Anadara transversa

Anadara transversa, or the transverse ark clam, is a clam in the family Arcidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Massachusetts to Texas, including the West Indies.

It is an invasive species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. First found in Turkey in 1977, then Greece in 1993, and then the coast of Italy near Venice in 2000.

References

External link

transversa
Category:Bivalves described in 1822


Greg Aim

Gregory Martyn Aim (4 September 1933 – 1 April 2005) was a New Zealand cricketer who played nine first-class matches for Otago and Wellington in the mid-1950s and in the 1960s.

Aim was born in Wellington, and attended Nelson College from 1946 to 1947, and Otago Boys' High School from 1948 to 1951.

As well as being a cricketer, Aim was active in sports and arts administration.  He was at various times the CEO of the Hillary Commission, executive chairman of the Wellington City Opera Company, deputy chair of the New Zealand Opera Company, a member of the management committee of the New Zealand Portrait Gallery, and patron of the Victoria University Cricket Club.  He was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.

Aim died in Wellington in 2005.

References

Category:1933 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:New Zealand cricketers
Category:Otago cricketers
Category:Wellington cricketers
Category:People educated at Nelson College
Category:People educated at Otago Boys' High School


Order of battle for the Battle of Fontenoy

The Battle of Fontenoy, 11 May 1745, was a major engagement of the War of the Austrian Succession, fought between the forces of the Pragmatic Allies – comprising mainly Dutch, British, and Hanoverian troops, as well a relatively small contingent of Austrians under the command of the Duke of Cumberland – and a French army under the titular command of King Louis XV of France, with actual field command held by  Maurice de Saxe, commander of Louis XV's forces in the Low Countries.

When the two armies met on the field they were approximately equal in numbers. Although there is not complete agreement among historians on the exact numbers, there is general agreement that there were about 50,000 men on each side with the French having more cavalry and the allies having more infantry. Some historians put the French as more numerous while others make the allies more numerous.

Complete agreement on the order of battle, sizes of the armies, precise returns on casualties is not possible as official returns are few and made by different countries with differing criteria and not all are made at the same time so that variations and disagreements will occur even in those returns of the same army. For example, Skrine points out his book in Fontenoy and Great Britain's share in the war of the Austrian Succession that most of the British troops that were listed as missing, in initial returns,  turned out to have been killed or wounded. There are detailed, contemporary, official returns in various forms available for most troops in both armies except for the French cavalry for which there are some lists of officer casualties but the returns for the rank and file were apparently not made and the estimate generally accepted for their losses is the one made by Voltaire shortly after the battle. Wherever possible, names of units and numbers of casualties are given without any attempt to reconcile or synthesize the various sources.

Order of Battle for the Army of Louis XV of France at Fontenoy 1745

Historians give various estimates for the French army. With a general lack of primary source information just before the battle on the exact number of soldiers involved, the estimates rely on a better understanding of the numbers of battalions and squadrons present at the battle and multiply  the total of battalions and squadrons by an average for each. Skrine arrives at his estimate by multiplying  the number of battalions by 690 soldiers and the number of squadrons by 160 troopers. This approach can be flawed. Lucien Moulliard in The French Army of Louis XV states that the regulation strength, or paper strength, of a battalion is 685 men and that of a squadron is 150 to 160. Actual field strength is lower than regulation strength due to various forms of attrition such as illness, straggling, desertion death, wounds or capture in battle prior to the battle in question.

French Army

Order of Battle for the Army of the Pragmatic Allies of Britain, Hanover, the Dutch Republic and Austria at Fontenoy 1745

The British army foot and cavalry regiments had a peacetime establishment, a wartime establishment, an effective strength and a field strength. Peacetime establishment was a much reduced strength that was increased during the war by Parliament. However, the wartime establishment was frequently unmet as there was always some variable number of purposely unfilled rank and file to provide the regiment with some flexible funding. The effective strength, therefore, was actual number of rank and file that was initially sent on campaign. The effective strength would immediately begin to vary as the campaign progressed due to sickness, wounds or death in battle, desertion, new reinforcement drafts, etc. and the resultant strengths at any given time are the field strengths. British foot regiments generally consisted of a single battalion made up of a variable number of companies, usually 9 or 10. Some foot regiments, such as the Guards, had more than one battalion but the battalions of a regiment rarely served together in the field. Cavalry regiments consisted of 1 to 4 squadrons.

The Historical memoirs of His late Royal Highness William-Augustus, duke of Cumberland explains in a foot note that, according to a return in 1749, for the 1st Foot Guards wartime establishment strength voted by Parliament was 3,080 while the effective strength was 2,689, the 2nd Foot Guards was 1,980 establishment and effective 1,842, the 3rd Foot Guards 1,980; effective 1,630. There were 3 battalions in the 1st Foot  Guards, 2 of 9 companies and one of 10. As can be seen from the above, the average establishment strength of a battalion of the 1st Guards is slightly over 1,000 while the effective strength is about 895 and the 2nd is 990 and 921 while the 3rd is 895 and 815. For the entire army of 43,676 men voted by Parliament the effective strength was 38,200 in 1749.

As for other armies, historians often determine the army's strength based on an average strength for the battalion or squadron. In 1745 Parliament voted 28,107 men in Flanders consisting of: 2 troops of Horse Guards, 1 of Horse Grenadier Guards, 3 regiments of horse, six of dragoons; 21 regiments (battalions) of foot, 3 battalions of Foot Guards. This force, less four regiments of foot and one regiment of dragoons, is the British contingent at Fontenoy. Rolt gives an estimated strength for this force at Fontenoy as 21,000 consisting of 20 battalions  of foot and  26 squadrons of horse. Colin is in close agreement with this estimate with a further breakdown of the total with 16,170 foot in 20 battalions and 4,656 horse in 26 squadrons, giving an average battalion strength of 808 men and an average squadron strength of 179. Skrine, who gives impossibly high field strengths for French foot battalions, uses remarkably low average field strengths for British battalions and squadrons: 650 per battalion and 150 per squadron by which he arrives at his total for the British contingent of 16,900 (13,000 foot and 3,900 horse).

British contingent

Hanoverian contingent

Austrian contingent

Dutch contingent

Footnotes

Bibliography
 Black, Jeremy (1998). Britain as a Military Power, 1688–1815. Routledge. .
 Boyle P. The Irish Brigade at Fontenoy from The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol. XVII, 1905, Dublin.
 Broglie, Albert le Duc de. La Journée De Fontenoy, Paris, 1891.
 Chandler, David G. The Art of Warfare in the Age of Marlborough. Spellmount Limited. 1990. .
 Colin, Jean Lambert Alphonse. Les Campagnes du Maréchal de Saxe, 3 volumes. Paris: R. Chapelot, 1901–06, Volumes 1-3: Volume 3 Fontenoy is divided into 2 parts: Colin's narrative of the battle and the some 500 pages of the Piéces Justificatives which are contemporary accounts of the battle, records, returns, letters, etc.. Both parts have their own pagination. Much of this is available in the Revue d'histoire rédigée à l'État-major de l'armée, Section historique, 1905/01 (A7,VOL17,N49)-1905/03 (A7,VOL17,N51). Online:
 d' Espagnac, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Damarzit de Sahuguet. Histoire de Maurice, comte de Saxe, duc de Courlande et de Semigalle, Volume 2, Paris, MDCCLXXV.
 Duncan, Francis. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, London, 1879, Vol.1.
 Fortescue, J. W.. A History of the British Army, Macmillan, London, 1899, Vol. II.
 Hamilton, Lieutenant-General F.W..Origin and History of the First or Grenadier Guards, London, 1874, Vol. II.
 Mackinnon, Daniel. Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards, London 1883, Vol.I.
 O'Callaghan, John Cornelius. History of the Irish Brigades in the Service of France, London, 1870.
 Pajol, Charles Pierre Victor. Les Guerres sous Louis XV''', Tome III, Adamant Media Corp. 2006, .
 Pichat, Henry. La Campagne du Maréchal de Saxe dans les Flandres, Paris, 1909.
 Rolt, Richard. Historical memoirs of His late Royal Highness William-Augustus, duke of Cumberland, London, 1768.
 Skrine, Francis Henry. Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741–48. London, 1906.
 Townshend, Sir Charles Vere Ferrers. The military life of Field-Marshal George first marquess Townshend, London, 1901.
 Weigley, Russell F (1991). The Age of Battles: The Quest for Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo. Indiana University Press. .
 White, Jon Manchip. Marshal of France, The Life and Times of Maurice de Saxe, Rand McNally & Co., 1962.
 Geerdink-Schaftenaar, Marc. For Orange and the States. The Army of the Dutch Republic, 1713-1772. Part I: Infantry, Helion and Company, 2018.

 Further reading
 Gailly de Taurines, Charles. Fontenoy (11 Mai 1745), Liste Par Régiment Des Officiers Tués ou Blessés tirée des archives de la guerre.'', A. Picard et fils, 1904.

Category:Battles involving Austria
Category:Battles involving France
Category:Battles involving Great Britain
Category:Battles involving Hanover
Category:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
Category:Battles of the War of the Austrian Succession
Category:Conflicts in 1745
Category:1745 in France


Calloused Hands

"Calloused Hands" is a song written by Pat Alger and Gene Levine, and recorded by American country music artist Mark Collie.  It was released in June 1991 as the first single from the album Born and Raised in Black & White.  The song reached #31 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Chart performance

References

External links

Category:1991 singles
Category:Mark Collie songs
Category:Songs written by Pat Alger
Category:Song recordings produced by Tony Brown (record producer)
Category:MCA Records singles
Category:Song recordings produced by Doug Johnson (record producer)
Category:1991 songs


Cosmos Hotel

The Cosmos Hotel Moscow is located in north-central Moscow in a green zone on one of the city's major streets, Mira Avenue, 20 minutes drive from the city centre. It is located next to the VDNKh exhibition center, close to Ostankino Telecom Tower, the Olympic Stadium and the "Sokolniki" Exhibition Complex.

Overview
The hotel complex was built to serve the XXII Summer Olympic Games held in Moscow in 1980. The building and the nearby monument "Conquerors of Space" were developed jointly by a team of Soviet and French architects: V. Andreev and T. Zaikin and  B. Steiskal of Mosproekt 1; and O. Kakub, P. Jouglet, S. Epstein of France.  Construction of buildings was a joint venture with French property company Sefri (today called Sefri Cime).

The hotel, with 1,777 rooms, is the largest in Russia.  The hotel included 1,718 standard rooms, 53 double room suites and 6 four-room suites.

History
The official opening ceremony took place on 18 July 1979 and was attended by prominent politicians, businessmen, and stars of the Soviet system. Special guest singer Joe Dassin performed at the opening.

In 1990, the square in front of the hotel was renamed in honor of General Charles de Gaulle and on May 9, 2005, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Russian Victory Day, in the presence of Jacques Chirac, a monument to De Gaulle was unveiled.

In popular culture
The Cosmos Hotel was an important location in the Russian movie Day Watch.

References

External links

Category:Hotels in Moscow
Category:Tourist attractions in Moscow
Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1979
Category:Hotels established in 1979
Category:1979 establishments in the Soviet Union
Category:Hotels built in the Soviet Union
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1979


3XL

3XL () was one of the television channels operated by the Catalan public television network Televisió de Catalunya. It was founded and started broadcasting in September 2010 replacing the former Canal 300, until September 2012, when it was closed.

The channel takes its name from the former block transmitted in the Canal 33, also this channel seeks to promote a social network in his site.

This channel used to broadcast in Catalan daily from 21:30 to 6:00. It was mainly targeted at young people between 16 and 25 years. Its frequency was shared with Canal Super 3, which broadcast for the rest of the day. Its main programmes were British and Catalan series, movies and anime.

External links
Official Site

Category:Televisió de Catalunya
Category:Television stations in Catalonia
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2010
Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2012


Marc Touchais

Marc Touchais (born 21 March 1958) is a French gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:French male artistic gymnasts
Category:Olympic gymnasts of France
Category:Gymnasts at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Domenico Corbellini

Domenico Corbellini (c. 1716 – after 1785) was an Italian architect and engineer, active in Brescia.

He was born in the hamlet of Pellio Superiore, now part of Alta Valle Intelvi, in the province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, near the Swiss border. He was the son of the architect Antonio Corbellini. In 1737 he helped design a bell-tower in Capriano del Colle, where he worked with his father. Among his works include the main altar (1743) of the parish church of Esine; the oratory of San Francesco (1745) in Lignolo in Castenedolo; the private oratory (1745) of the brothers Antonio and Seriato Inselvini in Barco di Bornato; the parish church (1748) of Pontoglio; Parish church of San Felice del Benaco (1749, completed 1781); parish church (1750) in Collio of Val Trompia; San Lorenzo (1751); main altar (1755) and church (1760) of the Parish of Manerbio along with his brother. Domenico died in Brescia.

References

Category:1716 births
Category:1782 deaths
Category:18th-century Italian architects
Category:Italian engineers
Category:People from the Province of Como


William A. Grew

William Albert Grew (August 26, 1885 - October 26, 1967) was an American actor, sketch-writer and revue playwright who wrote, directed, and performed in nine Broadway productions from 1924 to 1931. His and his wife, actress Gwendolyn Pates, had a stock company called the Grew-Pates Players, performing in the United States and Canada from 1914 to 1920.

Plays
The Sap 1924 - twice filmed
The Mating Season 18 July 1927, Selwyn
My Girl Friday at the Theatre Republic 1929
Nice Women at the Longacre Theatre, 1929
She Lived Next to the Firehouse 1931 - William A. Grew and Harry Delf

References

Category:American male dramatists and playwrights
Category:Place of birth missing
Category:Place of death missing
Category:1885 births
Category:1967 deaths
Category:American male stage actors
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights


Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave

Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. The district has an area of 8.22 km² and a population of  53,351.

See also
 Vesterbro
 Kongens Enghave

References

External links

Category:Copenhagen city districts


St. Mark's International School Bangkok

St. Mark's International School is an international Australian school located in Suan Luang District, Bangkok.

It is a Christian school and a member of Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). It was established in 1999 as the first Australian international school in Thailand.

The school caters for students from Kindergarten to Year 12.  Students come from a range of countries including Australia, England, New Zealand, the US, India, Singapore, Brazil, China, Japan and Thailand.

The schools offers an Australian and Singapore curriculum at primary level, and an IGCSE and A Level program at in secondary school. St. Mark's will be opening its second campus on Srinakarin Road in 2022.

References

External links

 St. Mark's International School Bangkok

Category:Christian schools in Thailand
Category:International schools in Bangkok
Category:Educational institutions established in 1999
Category:1999 establishments in Thailand


L-FRESH the Lion

L-FRESH The LION (born Sukhdeep Singh Bhogal) is an Australian hip hop artist. His music covers a range of issues with a social justice focus, which includes racism and prejudice. The acronym F.R.E.S.H. is for Forever Rising Exceeding Sudden Hardships, while the L and Lion refer to his middle name, Singh, which is given to Sikh men.

Biography

L-FRESH The LION is "inspired by the soulful movement in US hip hop of the late 1990s/early 2000s, and the love and respect for his own cultural and ancestral roots of the Sikhs from Punjab, India". In 2015 he was signed to Elefant Traks. His second album, Become (May 2016), peaked in the ARIA Albums Chart top 60. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2016 it was nominated for Best Urban Album.

Discography

Albums

Extended plays

References

Category:Australian hip hop musicians
Category:Australian people of Indian descent
Category:Living people
Category:Australian male rappers
Category:Rappers from Sydney
Category:Australian musicians
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Elasto-capillarity

Elasto-capillarity is the ability of capillary force to deform an elastic material.
From the viewpoint of mechanics, elastocapillarity phenomena essentially involve competition between the elastic strain energy in the bulk and the energy on the surfaces/interfaces. In the modeling of these phenomena, some challenging issues are, among others, the exact characterization of energies at the micro scale, the solution of strongly nonlinear problems of structures with large deformation and moving boundary conditions, and instability of either solid structures or droplets/films.The capillary forces are generally negligible in the analysis of macroscopic structures but often play a significant role in many phenomena at small scales.

Bulk elasticity
When depositing a droplet on a solid surface with contact angle θ, horizontal force balance was described by Young's equation. However, there is a vertical force balance which often ignored can be written as:

Where

 is the force per unit length in the vertical direction

  is the surface tension of a liquid

  is the Young's modulus of a substrate

 is deformation of the substrate

This gives length scale  δ~ γ/E sinθ for the deformation of bulk materials caused by the surface tension force.

For example, if a water ( ~ 72 mN/m) droplet is deposited on the glass ( ~ 700 GPa), this gives  ~10−12m which is typically negligible. However, if a water is deposited on the PDMS (  ~ 300 kPa), this caused the deformation to be  ~10−6m, which is in micron scale, this can have great impact on the micro/nanotechnology applications where length scale is comparable and "soft" photoresists were used.

Elastocapillary length
The elasto-capillary length of an elastic material is defined as:

where

B is the bending modulus of an elastic material

γ is the surface tension of a liquid

This provides a comparison between bending stiffness (elasticity) and surface tension (capillarity). An elastic structure will be significantly deformed once its length is larger than the elasto-capillary length, which can be explained when gain of surface energy of a material is larger than stored elastic energy while bending.

Capillary rise between parallel plates
In the case of capillary rise between two parallel plates, height of capillary rise can be predicted as Jurin's height if plates are rigid. Longer the plates, more flexible they become, consequently plates coalesce as a result of deformation induced by capillary force. As observed, length of capillary rise Lwet between elastic plates increases linearly with total length of plates L, sets length of dry Ld=L-Lwet nearly a constant. By balancing gain of surface energy by capillary force and loss of elastic energy by banding a flexible sheet and minimizing with respect to Ld, dry length was found to be:

Where

 is the elastocapillary length of sheets

w is the distance between two parallel sheets

This Ld sets the minimum length for parallel sheets to collapse, sheets spontaneously coalesce if they are longer than Ld.

Above result can be generalized to multiple parallel plates when N elastic plates were used. By assuming these N sheets is N times more rigid than single sheet, such system can be treated as two bundles of N/2 sheets with a distance Nw/2. Thus the dry length can be written as:

Capillary origami

Unlike normal origami, capillary origami is the phenomenon where folding of an elastic sheet is done by capillary force. This phenomenon can only be seen as characteristic length of an elastic sheet is longer than elasto-capillary length and can be used in the application of self-assembly in micro and nano applications. In some cases, high voltage was used to actuate a folded structure by using electrostatic energies.

Young-Laplace Equation

The capillary pressure developed within a liquid droplet/film can be calculated using the Young–Laplace equation (e.g.):

where:

  is the difference between the pressure across the liquid interface (Pa),
  is the surface tension of the liquid (N/m),
  is the unit normal pointing out of surface,
  are the principle radii of curvature at any point on the free surface of the liquid film or droplet (m).

If the liquid wets the contacting surfaces then this pressure difference is negative i.e. the pressure inside liquid is less than the ambient pressure, and if the liquid doesn't wet the contacting surfaces then the pressure difference is positive and liquid pressure is higher than the ambient pressure.

Examples of elastocapillarity

The coalescence happens in a brush after removing it from water is an example of elastocapillarity. Elastocapillary wrapping driven by drop impact is another example.

Most of the small scale devices such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), magnetic head-disk interface (HDI), and the tip of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for which liquids are present in confined regions during fabrication or during operation can experience elastocapillary phenomena. In these devices, where the spacing between solid structures is small, intermolecular interactions become significant. The liquid can exist in these small scale devices due to contamination, condensation or lubrication. The liquid present in these devices can increase the adhesive forces drastically and cause device failure.

Elastocapillarity in contact between rough surfaces

Every surface though appears smooth at macro scale has roughness in micro scales which can be measured by a profilometer. The wetting liquid between contacting rough surfaces develops a sub-ambient pressure inside itself, which forces the surfaces toward more intimate contact. Since the pressure drop across the liquid is proportional to the curvature at the free surface and this curvature, in turn, is approximately inversely proportional to the local spacing, the thinner the liquid bridge, the greater is the pull effect.

where:
  are the liquid-solid contact angles for the lower and upper surfaces, respectively,
  is the gap between the two solids at the location of the free surface of the liquid.

These tensile stresses put the two surfaces into more contact while the compressive stresses due to the elastic deformation of the surfaces tend to resist them.
Two scenarios could happen in this case: 1. The tensile and compressive stresses come into balance which in this case the gap between the two surfaces is in the order of Surface roughness|roughness of the surfaces, or, 2. The tensile stresses overcome the compressive stresses and the two surfaces come into near complete contact in which gap between surfaces is a small fraction of the Surface roughness|surface roughness. The latter case is the reason for failure of most microscale devices. An estimate of the tensile stresses exerted by the capillary film can be obtained by dividing the adhesion force, , between two surfaces to the area wetted by the liquid film, . Because for relative smooth surfaces, the magnitude of the capillary pressure is predicted to be large, it is anticipated that the capillary pressures will be of large magnitude. A lot of works have been done to ascertain whether there may be some practical limit  to the development of such negative pressures (e.g. ).

References

Category:Elasticity (physics)
Category:Fluid dynamics
Category:Articles containing video clips


History of York City F.C. (1980–present)

York City Football Club is a professional association football club based in York, North Yorkshire, England. Its history from the 1980–81 to the current season saw fluctuating fortunes in the 1980s and 1990s, and relegations from the Football League.

York made their seventh re-election bid after 1980–81, before the club won its first and only league title after finishing first in the Fourth Division in 1983–84 with 101 points. They were the first team to score this many points in a Football League season. After four seasons in the Third Division, York were relegated in 1987–88, statistically the club's worst Football League season. They beat Crewe Alexandra on penalties at Wembley Stadium in the play-off final in 1992–93, winning promotion back to the third tier of English football, now renamed as the Second Division. The following season, York competed in the play-off semi-final, when they were beaten by Stockport County. Later in the 1990s, they knocked Premier League teams Manchester United and Everton out of the League Cup in successive seasons. After six seasons, York were relegated to the Third Division in 1998–99. In the following years, the club experienced financial troubles; chairman Douglas Craig offered the club and its ground for sale in December 2001.

The club was bought by John Batchelor in March 2002, but the following December they went into administration. In March 2003, York were taken over by the Supporters' Trust, and were relegated to the Conference National in 2003–04, ending 75 years of Football League membership. The team were unsuccessful in the play-offs in the 2006–07 and 2009–10 seasons, and were beaten at the newly rebuilt Wembley Stadium in the 2009 FA Trophy Final. In 2011–12, York defeated Newport County at Wembley Stadium in the 2012 FA Trophy Final, and shortly after returned to the Football League with a 2–1 win over Luton Town in the play-off final. In their second season in League Two, the club reached the play-offs but were knocked out in the semi-final by Fleetwood Town. After four years back in the Football League, York were relegated to the National League in 2015–16. They were relegated to the National League North the following season, but won the FA Trophy after beating Macclesfield Town in the 2017 final.

1980–98: Fourth Division championship and first play-off success

The 1980–81 season started comfortably for York City, and the team were 14th in the table by mid January 1981. However, three wins from the last 18 matches saw them finish in bottom place. York's seventh application for re-election was successful with 46 votes. Poor form at home contributed to York occupying the bottom half of the table for most of 1981–82, with a club record of 12 successive home matches without a win set. Barry Lyons was dismissed as manager in December 1981, and the club dropped into the bottom four under the caretaker management of Kevin Randall. Former York player and club director Barry Swallow took over as caretaker manager in March 1982, and several convincing home wins toward the end of the season helped the team to 17th place. Denis Smith, who had played on loan from Stoke City the previous season, was appointed player-manager in May 1982, with Viv Busby as his assistant player-coach. York finished 1982–83 in seventh place; their inconsistent away form in the last half of the season led to them missing out on promotion. The club occupied one of the top two places in 1983–84 from the second week of the season onwards, and won the Fourth Division championship with 101 points. They became the first team to achieve a three-figure points total in a Football League season. The Yorkshire Evening Press billed them the "Team of the Century". York set new club records for most wins (31), most away wins (13) and most goals (91). For the first time since 1954–55, York had two players score over 20 league goals in a season; these were John Byrne and Keith Walwyn. A profit of almost £15,000 was posted and the club aspired to further progress and promotion.

Winning six of their first eight matches in 1984–85, York were top of the Third Division by early October 1984. After a run of two wins from 11 matches, they slipped to 11th place in mid December 1984, though they continued to occupy a top half position before finishing the season in eighth place. In January 1985, York beat First Division team Arsenal 1–0 at home in the FA Cup fourth round, courtesy of a late penalty scored by Keith Houchen. They reached the fifth round for the third time and drew 1–1 at home to European Cup holders Liverpool. They lost 7–0 in the replay at Anfield—the club's record cup defeat. York started 1985–86 well and were second in the table by late November 1985, before a poor midseason spell saw them drop into midtable. After being unbeaten in the last nine matches, they finished seventh in the table, marking the fifth consecutive season in which York's end-of-season league placing improved. They reached the FA Cup fifth round for the second consecutive season, again drawing 1–1 at home to Liverpool, before losing 3–1 after extra time at Anfield. York made a strong start to 1986–87, and in late September 1986 they were in second place. They won only seven of their remaining 38 matches and needed a point from their last match to avoid the danger of relegation, which they achieved with a 1–1 draw against Notts County. York finished 1986–87 in 20th place.

Smith left to take over at Sunderland in May 1987, and former Blackburn Rovers manager Bobby Saxton was appointed in June. Only two players were under contract at the time of Saxton's arrival; his hastily arranged squad struggled from the start of 1987–88, and only won their first match in late October 1987. York were bottom of the table for most of the season, and were relegated after finishing in 23rd place. The season was statistically the club's worst in the Football League, with the fewest wins (eight), most defeats (29) and the fewest points since the three points for a win system was introduced (33). York made a poor start to 1988–89, and Saxton resigned with the club bottom of the Fourth Division in mid September 1988. Swallow took over on a caretaker basis before the former Hartlepool United manager John Bird was appointed in October 1988. York's away form improved in the second half of the season, and in the last week they had a slim chance of reaching the play-offs. They missed out on a play-off place and finished the season in 11th place. A record loss of £190,000 was posted for the season, but the club carried no overdraft because of interest-free loans from directors and a £100,000 share issue. York started 1989–90 strongly and were in third place by mid December 1989. Successive home defeats in late December 1989 marked the start of a decline that saw them finish the season 13th in the table.

In September 1990, York player David Longhurst collapsed and died after suffering heart failure during a home match against Lincoln City. A few months later, a newly built, covered stand at the Shipton Street End of Bootham Crescent was named after him. York were the Fourth Division's second lowest scorers in 1990–91, as they finished 21st in the table. Douglas Craig, who had been on the board since 1978, succeeded Michael Sinclair as chairman in June 1991. York had won two of 11 matches by mid October 1991; Bird was dismissed and was replaced in November by Aston Villa assistant manager John Ward. York continued to be placed in lower midtable, and finished fourth from bottom for the second year running in 1991–92. They started 1992–93 with a club-record start of four wins, and led the table until late December 1992. Ward left for Bristol Rovers in March 1993, shortly after a midseason slump in which York won only one of 13 matches. Ward's assistant Alan Little took over and York finished the season in fourth place. They played Bury in the play-off semi-final, drawing the first leg 0–0 at Gigg Lane before winning the second leg 1–0 at home with a goal from Gary Swann. In the final at Wembley Stadium, York beat Crewe Alexandra 5–3 on penalties, after the score had finished 1–1 after extra time. Wayne Hall scored the decisive penalty as York won promotion to the third tier, now named the Second Division after the formation of the Premier League in 1992.

York made a good start to 1993–94, before a series of poor results saw them slip to 17th place in late November 1993. They only lost five of their last 30 fixtures to finish the season fifth in the Second Division table—their highest league placing since 1976. They lost to Stockport County in the play-off semi-final, being beaten 1–0 in the second leg at Edgeley Park after drawing 0–0 at home in the first leg. York were in lower midtable for the first half of 1994–95, but improving form saw them move up the table, before finishing in ninth place. They struggled through most of 1995–96, and only avoided relegation by winning their last match away to Brighton & Hove Albion; they finished in 20th place. This season saw York record a 4–3 aggregate victory over Manchester United in the League Cup second round. York defeated a strong United team including some younger players 3–0 at Old Trafford in the first leg; in the second leg, United fielded some more experienced players, and despite losing 3–1, York progressed on aggregate. United went on to win the Premier League and FA Cup double. York finished 20th in 1996–97, only securing safety in the penultimate match with an away win over Rotherham United. For the second consecutive season, they eliminated Premier League opponents from the League Cup in the second round, with a 4–3 aggregate win over Everton. After drawing the first leg 1–1 at Goodison Park, York progressed after winning the second leg 3–2 at home. In mid December 1997, York were fourth in the table, but declining form after New Year saw them finish 1997–98 in 16th place.

1998–2010: Financial problems and relegation from Football League

By mid October 1998, York were placed eighth in the Second Division. They slipped to the bottom third of the table after winning one point from a possible 21. Despite improved results over Christmas, York played 11 consecutive matches without a win. In mid March 1999, the club was just above the bottom four places, when Little was dismissed and player-coach Neil Thompson appointed caretaker manager. A flurry of transfers, including the departure of leading scorer Richard Cresswell to Premier League club Sheffield Wednesday for a club-record fee of £950,000, followed. After losing away to Manchester City on the last day of 1998–99, York dropped into the bottom four for the first time that season, and were relegated in 21st place. The club's trading loss for the season was £483,096, despite a record profit of £1,274,202 from lucrative transfers. Club historian David Batters said, "the stark reality was that the club had to sell to survive". In July 1999, the club and its real property assets, including the ground, were transferred to a holding company called Bootham Crescent Holdings (BCH) for £165,000. Thompson was dismissed in February 2000 after a run of one win from 12 matches during the middle of 1999–2000. Former Hull City manager Terry Dolan took over, and York finished the season in 20th place after conceding only five goals in the last 12 matches. Losses for the season were £667,255, and the wage bill of £1,635,736 was twice that of 1995.

By mid February 2001, York were bottom of the Third Division table, but after losing only two of their last 16 matches they finished 2000–01 in 17th. They reached the FA Cup third round for the second time since 1986, but were beaten 3–0 by Premier League team Leicester City at Filbert Street. Record losses of £1,261,038 were reported in November 2001, before Craig announced in December that the club and the ground had been put up for sale for £4.5 million. Craig later said Bootham Crescent would close by June 2002, and the club would resign from the Football League if a buyer was not found. The club was taken over by motor racing driver John Batchelor in March 2002. He pledged to give the Supporters' Trust (ST) two seats on the board and announced a sponsorship deal with Persimmon that would see an undisclosed amount split between the club and his racing team. By late March 2002, York were second from bottom, before a run of five wins from the last eight matches saw them finish 2001–02 in 14th place. They reached the FA Cup fourth round for the first time since 1986, losing 2–0 at home to Premier League team Fulham.

In May 2002, the club was rebranded York City Soccer Club as part of Batchelor's plan to market it in the United States. Persimmon, which had bought 10% of the shares in BCH, submitted planning applications for 93 homes on the site of Bootham Crescent, and Batchelor spoke of building York a new stadium at Clifton Moor. The club entered a creditors' voluntary agreement in November 2002, and the York Evening Press said York had been "plunged into the darkest, coldest days of its history". The club went into administration in December 2002, and was given five weeks to find a buyer or face bankruptcy. The ST donated £92,000 to give the club a temporary reprieve. The ST took control over the club in March 2003 after the Inland Revenue accepted an offer of £100,000 as payment for £160,000 owed in tax. Steve Beck became the new chairman. Batchelor had diverted almost all of the £400,000 Persimmon sponsorship money away from York to his racing team, and his promise of having ST members on the board never materialised. He left the club with a profit of £120,000 and admitted to asset stripping during his time as owner. Despite the off-field problems, York pushed for promotion in 2002–03 and were in an automatic promotion place by late March 2003. They won none of their last six matches and finished the season in 10th place.

Dolan was dismissed in May 2003, the new board citing financial reasons for his departure. At 27 years, York player Chris Brass was appointed player-manager in June 2003, which made him the youngest Football League managerial appointment since 1946. The club's lease of Bootham Crescent was extended to May 2004, and plans proceeded to develop Huntington Stadium ahead of a possible move, but problems bringing the ground to Football League standards were encountered. The board preferred to stay at Bootham Crescent, and they bought the site in February 2004 after six months of negotiations. The deal came after York were lent £2 million by The Football Stadia Improvement Fund (FSIF), with which they bought 75.89% of BCH shares and all of the 20,000 shares owned by Persimmon. Once plans for a new stadium were settled, the loan would be converted a grant to help fund the move. York equalled a club record by winning the first four matches of 2003–04, and by mid January 2004 were 10th in the table. They won none of their final 20 fixtures, garnering only five more points as they finished bottom of the Third Division. York were relegated to the Conference National after 75 years of Football League membership. Beck renounced his title of chairman in September 2004 because he favoured a more democratic approach for a fan-owned club. The board was restructured and Jason McGill became the managing director.

In November 2004, Brass was dismissed after a home defeat to Forest Green Rovers, which left York fourth from the bottom of the table. His assistant Viv Busby took over as caretaker manager before former Derby County coach Billy McEwan was appointed in February 2005. Under McEwan, York avoided relegation to the Conference North, with a 17th-place finish in 2004–05. One-third into 2005–06, York were in second place but poor midseason results saw them slide down the table. They pushed for the play-offs after six consecutive wins but finished in eighth place after faltering in the run-in. With 22 goals, Andy Bishop was the Conference National top scorer in 2005–06. Financial problems arose again; a loss of £150,000 was reported for the season, and there were problems meeting the first annual payment of £100,000 to the FSIF. McGill's company JM Packaging made a proposal to the ST to become majority shareholders, and would lend the club £650,000 to cover the current losses and meet the loan repayments for the next five years. ST members approved the proposal in June 2006, and JM Packaging became 75% shareholders, reducing the ST's previous 85% ownership to 25%. York made a good start to 2006–07, and were never out of the top five from early November 2006. They finished the season in fourth place and played Morecambe in the play-off semi-final; after drawing 0–0 at home in the first leg, they were beaten 2–1 at Christie Park in the second leg.

York started 2007–08 by losing seven of their first 10 matches. Despite improving form, their home results remained poor, leading to McEwan's dismissal in November 2007. He was succeeded by his assistant Colin Walker, after the team won five of his six matches as caretaker manager. York finished the season in 14th place, and reached the semi-final of the FA Trophy, losing 2–1 on aggregate to Torquay United. In May 2008, City of York Council announced its commitment to build a community stadium, to be used by York and the city's rugby league club, York City Knights. An agreement with the FSIF was reached in September 2008; the club would stop making loan repayments and would repay the outstanding amount once Bootham Crescent was sold. At the start of 2008–09, York won only five of their 19 league matches, resulting in Walker's dismissal in November 2008. Under his replacement, former Port Vale manager Martin Foyle, the team avoided relegation in the penultimate match of the season against Weymouth, and they finished 17th in the table. York participated in the 2009 FA Trophy Final at the newly rebuilt Wembley Stadium, where they were beaten 2–0 by Stevenage Borough. After starting 2009–10 with only one win from five matches, York won eight successive matches in a bid for promotion. They finished in fifth place and faced Luton Town in the play-off semi-final, winning each leg 1–0. However, they were beaten 3–1 by Oxford United at Wembley Stadium in the final. They reached the FA Cup third round that season, and were beaten 3–1 by Premier League team Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium. Richard Brodie was the Conference Premier joint top scorer in 2009–10, with 26 goals.

2010–present: Return to and relegation from Football League

After winning only three of their first 10 matches of 2010–11, Foyle resigned as manager in September 2010, and was replaced with Tamworth manager Gary Mills the following month. Improving form saw York challenge for the play-offs, and by mid March 2011 they were sixth in the table—one place away from a play-off spot. They won only three of 10 matches in the run-in and missed out on the play-offs to finish the season in eighth place. York reached the FA Cup third round for the second consecutive year, and lost 2–0 to Premier League team Bolton Wanderers at the Reebok Stadium. York won three of the opening seven matches in 2011–12 and were only once below a play-off place from early October 2011, finishing the season in fourth place. Playing a passing style of football but producing results when needed, they earned 83 points that season—the second highest in the club's history. York drew 1–1 at home to Mansfield Town in the play-off semi-final first leg and won the second leg 1–0 after extra time at Field Mill. They then beat Newport County 2–0 at Wembley Stadium in the 2012 FA Trophy Final, which was the first time the club had won a national knockout competition. A week later, they returned to Wembley Stadium for the play-off final, beating Luton Town 2–1, with goals from Ashley Chambers and Matty Blair. The club was promoted to League Two, returning to the Football League after an eight-year absence. In between the two matches, City of York Council granted planning permission for a new community stadium to be built at Monks Cross.

York started 2012–13 by winning five of 14 matches, and were ninth in the table by late October 2012. They dropped down the table in the following months, but were still in contention for a play-off place after beating Burton Albion 3–0 in the New Year. After this match, York failed to win 11 consecutive matches, and Mills was dismissed in March 2013 after a 2–0 home defeat to Bradford City. Under his replacement, former Northern Ireland manager Nigel Worthington, York avoided relegation by winning four of their last five matches. They finished their first League Two season in 17th place. York won only four of their first 23 matches of 2013–14, and were third from the bottom of the table by late December 2013. A number of influential signings in January 2014 helped York improve their form, and from early February they were unbeaten in 17 consecutive matches, conceding no goals from open play. York finished in seventh place and played Fleetwood Town in the play-off semi-final. After losing the first leg 1–0 at home, York drew 0–0 at Highbury Stadium in the second leg. Worthington resigned as manager in October 2014 after York won only one of their opening 14 matches of 2014–15. He was succeeded by former Scunthorpe United manager Russ Wilcox. York remained in the lower reaches of the table. They avoided relegation with a late-season run of four wins from five matches, finishing the season in 18th place.

With York 21st in the table after a nine-match run without a league win, Wilcox was dismissed in October 2015. He was succeeded in November 2015 by the former Dundee United manager Jackie McNamara. York won only another five matches in 2015–16, and were relegated to the National League in bottom place. This heralded the end of a four-year return in the Football League, and Dave Flett of The Press argued that McNamara would "always be held most accountable for the second-worst campaign, points wise, in the club's 94-year history". In October 2016, Gary Mills returned as manager, shortly after his dismissal by Wrexham. York were 19th in the table, after starting 2016–17 with only three wins from 15 matches. They spent much of the coming months in the relegation zone, before Mills' rebuilt squad went on a run of six wins from nine matches to be above the relegation zone with three fixtures remaining. However, York were relegated to the National League North for the first time on the last day of the season, after a 2–2 home draw with Forest Green Rovers. They finished in 21st place, one point from safety. However, York won the FA Trophy for the second time in 2016–17, beating Macclesfield Town 3–2 at Wembley Stadium in the 2017 final.

Following a defeat to South Shields in the FA Cup third qualifying round, Mills was dismissed as York's manager. They were seventh in the National League North, 11 points from the only automatic promotion place. His replacement was Martin Gray, transferring from York's divisional rivals Darlington.

References

Category:York City F.C.
York City


Aura (Norway)

The Aura is a river in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It starts from Lake Aursjøen in the Romsdalsalpane mountains and flows first to the west and then north-west through the village of Eikesdalen before finally emptying into the large lake Eikesdalsvatnet.

The river is  long and has a catchment area of . Under natural conditions the river would have an average water flow at the mouth of , but this has been greatly reduced because of power development. In the 1950s, both the main river and most tributaries were transferred to the Aura power plant in Sunndal Municipality.

See also
List of rivers in Norway

References

Category:Molde
Category:Rivers of Møre og Romsdal
Category:Rivers of Norway


Lebia vittata

Lebia vittata is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Lebia
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1777


Donald Wilkins

Donald Albert Wilkins (13 October 1903 – 22 January 1972) played first-class cricket for Somerset in two matches in the 1927 season. He was born at Bristol and died at Saltford, Somerset.

Wilkins was a right-handed middle-order batsman. He made his debut in a rain-ruined match against Yorkshire at Bath, scoring two in the only innings of the match that even started. Two weeks later, in another match affected by rain, he made three and one against Lancashire at Taunton. These were the only matches of his first-class cricket career.

References

Category:1903 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:English cricketers
Category:Somerset cricketers


Anna of Poland, Countess of Celje

Anna of Poland (1366–1425) was countess consort of Celje (Cilli), a medieval feudal dynasty within the Holy Roman Empire, and an influential woman in politics of Poland.

She was daughter of King Casimir III of Poland (1309–1370), who was succeeded, not by Anna nor any of Casimir's own descendants, but by Casimir's nephew, King Louis I of Hungary. Anna's mother was Casimir's fourth wife Hedwig of Sagan (d. 1390). Anna's elder half-sisters were already dead though one of them had left children. Anna was the eldest child of that fourth marriage, which did not either produce any sons to King Casimir's dismay.

In 1380 Anna was married to William, Count of Celje (1361–1392), a man chosen by Anna's first cousin, King Louis I, from among his allies on the Hungarian southern borderlands. They had a single surviving child, a daughter known as Anna of Cilli (1386–1416). In 1394 the widowed Anna married Ulrich, Duke of Teck (died 1432).

Meanwhile, the throne of Poland had passed in 1386 to Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania. When his first wife, Queen Hedwig (Anna's first cousin once removed) died in 1399 without surviving children, Jogaila sought a wife among the heirs to the kingdom of Poland, which had been Hedwig's inheritance. Duchess Anna desired to regain Poland for her heirs, the descendants of Casimir III, and to obtain power in her homeland. To achieve this, her young daughter Anna was married in 1401 or 1402 to the widowed king, then aged around 50. She gave birth to a daughter, Hedwig Jagiellon, in 1408.

The Duchess of Teck worked to advance her daughter's and granddaughter's position in Poland. When her daughter died in 1416, leaving no further surviving children (except Hedwig), Jogaila married Elisabeth of Pilica in 1417, and then Sophia of Halshany in 1422, both of whom did not descend from the Piast kings of Poland, as he had been unable to find any more brides with a hereditary right to the kingdom. The king's two sons and heirs were borne by his last wife, Sophia.

In 1421 Anna's granddaughter was betrothed to the future Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg (1413–1471), the second son of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg. A party of Polish nobles, including Anna, wanted Hedwig and her intended husband to succeed Jogaila at least in Poland, instead of her half-brothers, his sons by Sophia.

Anna died in 1425, which left Hedwig without any strong relatives to support her position. Because Hedwig died (allegedly poisoned) in 1431 without any issue, Anna's descent became extinct before Jogaila's death in 1434.

Category:1366 births
Category:1425 deaths
Category:14th-century Polish people
Category:14th-century Polish women
Category:15th-century Polish people
Category:15th-century Polish women
Category:Polish royalty
Category:Polish princesses
Category:Piast dynasty
Category:Countesses of Celje


Phoradendron canzacotoi

Phoradendron canzacotoi is a species of plant in the Santalaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

References

Category:Endemic flora of Ecuador
canzacotoi
Category:Vulnerable plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


T.G. Smith Centre

The T.G. Smith Centre is an ice hockey complex in Steinbach, Manitoba. It features two indoor arenas and one outdoor ice rink.

The older part of the complex, the Centennial Arena, opened in 1967 and has a capacity of 1,250.  A second indoor rink was added in the mid-1990s, after which the entire complex was named after the late T.G. Smith, a local banker and supporter of local sport programs.  The second rink is named the T.G. Smith Arena and has a capacity of approximately 300.

The T.G. Smith Centre has been the home of the Steinbach Pistons of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League since 2009.   It is also the longtime home of the Steinbach Huskies junior and senior hockey teams, as well as the community's minor hockey, ringette, and figure skating programs.

In Senior 'AAA' hockey, the arena has played host to two Allan Cup national senior "AAA" championships: the Steinbach North Stars, active from 2007 to 2010, hosted the 2009 event, while the South East Prairie Thunder hosted in 2016.

In international hockey, the T.G. Smith Centre hosted the ninth place game of the 2002 World Under-17 Hockey Challenge, in which Germany defeated Finland.

Aside from hockey, the T.G. Smith Centre has hosted two Manitoba Provincial Curling Championships (2006, 2010).  The Centennial Arena's capacity can be increased to 1,600 for curling.

In June 2012, the Steinbach city council began planning the construction of new recreational facilities for the city.  The first phase of the project, a movie theatre and the new Steinbach Curling Club attached to the T.G. Smith Centre, was completed in October 2014.  After years of planning, city council cancelled the remainder of the project in 2016.

The arena underwent major renovations in 2017 which saw the installation of a new ceiling cover and LED lighting in the Centennial Arena.  In addition, a new high definition video scoreboard was purchased for the Pistons and an outdoor fireplace was installed in front of the building.  In March 2019, the T.G. Smith Centre hosted Rogers Hometown Hockey, the first time the program was hosted by a southeastern Manitoba community.

Major Events
 1979 Allan Cup Western Canadian Finals
 2002 Air Canada Cup Western Regional Championship
 2006 Safeway Select
 2009 Allan Cup
 2010 Safeway Select
 2013 Turnbull Cup Finals
 2015 Turnbull Cup Finals
 2016 Allan Cup
 2016 Turnbull Cup Finals
 2017 Telus Cup Western Regional Championship
 2018 Esso Cup Western Regional Championship
 2018 Turnbull Cup Finals
 2018 ANAVET Cup

External links
City of Steinbach Website

References

Category:Sport in Steinbach, Manitoba
Category:Indoor ice hockey venues in Canada
Category:Indoor arenas in Manitoba
Category:1967 establishments in Manitoba
Category:Sports venues completed in 1967


NBRS Financial Bank

NBRS Financial Bank was a bank in Maryland, United States of America.

It was founded in 1873 as The Evans and Wood Bank. it was chartered as a national bank in July 1, 1880 under the name The National Bank of Rising Sun. It became a state chartered bank in 2002, again changing its name to NBRS Financial (abbreviation of the bank's name), opening branches: : Aberdeen (12/28/2004), Elkton (6/3/2005), Havre De Grace (1/18/2000), Peach Bottom (10/3/1973), Rising Sun 7/1/1880), Street (7/18/2003). As of June 30, 2014, they had 54 full-time employees at their six offices. During the bank's height, the FDIC reports they had 75 full-time employees.

References

Category:Banks based in Maryland


Garrett Standish Barry

Garrett Standish Barry   (1788 – 26 December 1864) was a Liberal Member of Parliament for Cork County in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1841. An extremely popular figure, Standish Barry retired to give his seat to "The Emancipator" Daniel O'Connell, who had failed to retain his seat in Dublin.

The eldest son of Standish Barry and Margaret Roche, he was from a prominent landed family seated at Leamlara House, Carrigtwohill. He was the first Catholic MP elected to represent Cork since the Roman Catholic Act of Emancipation in 1829. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and called to the Irish bar in 1811. After Standish Barry died, The Cork Examiner wrote of him, "In public life he was respected a stanch and uncompromising Liberal. In private he was esteemed for his highly honourable character and the amiability and kindness of his disposition."

References

Category:1788 births
Category:1864 deaths
Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Cork constituencies (1801–1922)
Category:UK MPs 1832–1835
Category:Irish Repeal Association MPs
Category:Irish barristers
Category:Politicians from County Cork


Birkbeck

Birkbeck may refer to:

Birkbeck (surname)
Birkbeck, University of London, a college of the University of London
Birkbeck station, a railway station and tram stop in south London
Birkbeck Stratford, the name for a project to expand the provision of part-time Higher Education in east London.
Birkbeck Court, the oldest and largest student residence at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland.
Birkbeck, Illinois, an unincorporated community in DeWitt County, Illinois, United States.


Dwarf, Kentucky

Dwarf is an unincorporated community located in Perry County, Kentucky, United States. The town was named after Jeremiah Combs, whose nickname of "Short Jerry" pointed to his diminutive size.

Its post office is still active (see image)

See also

References

External links

Category:Unincorporated communities in Perry County, Kentucky
Category:Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Peter Hogben

Peter Graham Hogben  (5 July 192526 November 2011)  was Archdeacon of Dorking from 1982 until 1990.

Biography
Hogben was educated at The Harvey Grammar School and left school to commence wartime service with the Royal Engineers. When peace returned he worked for two firms of agricultural auctioneers (in Kent and in Hertfordshire).

He was ordained in 1961 and was Curate at St John, Hale, Surrey from 1961 to 1964. He was Vicar of Westborough, Guildford from 1964 to 1971; and Vicar of Ewell before his appointment as Archdeacon from 1982 until his retirement eight year later.

References

Category:1925 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:People educated at The Harvey Grammar School
Category:Royal Engineers officers
Category:Alumni of Bishops' College, Cheshunt
Category:Archdeacons of Dorking