Bath Charter Township, Michigan

Bath Charter Township is a charter township of Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2010 census, the township population was 11,598, an increase from 7,541 in 2000.  It is situated directly north of the city of East Lansing.

Communities
 The unincorporated community of Bath is located within the southwestern corner of the township.

History
Bath Township was originally organized in 1839 as Ossowa Township, having been split from DeWitt Township by an act of the governor.  It was renamed Bath Township in 1843 after Bath, New York.

Park Lake at the southern edge of the township was the source of the Park Lake Trail, an important Native American trailway that intersected the Okemah Trail in what later became the city of East Lansing, Michigan. Park Lake developed into a regional recreation destination for the growing Lansing population after the state capitol relocated to Lansing in 1847 and the Michigan Agricultural College was established in East Lansing, Michigan in 1855. By the early 1900s Park Lake was surrounded by summer camps affiliated with various churches and associations as well as seasonal cabins and lodges. The most ambitious of these was the Park Lake Resort which featured a large dance pavilion built over the water on pilings. The Park Lake Dance Pavilion served as an entertainment venue playing host to many famous acts such as Tommy Dorsey until it burned in the 1930s. Years of decline followed and Park Lake never regained its former popularity.

Bath Township was the scene of the Bath School bombing, which is the deadliest act of mass murder in a school in United States history. It claimed more than three times as many victims as the Columbine High School massacre and half-again as many victims as the Virginia Tech and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which  is land and  (10.0%) is water.

Demographics

2010
As of the census of 2010, there were 11,598 people, 4,697 households, and 2,596 families residing in the township.  The population density was 364.3 per square mile (140.6/km²).  There were 5,106 housing units at an average density of 160.4 per square mile (61.9/km²).  The racial makeup of the township was 87.5% White, 5.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.

2000
There were 2,799 households out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the township the population was spread out with 28.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $53,881, and the median income for a family was $58,825. Males had a median income of $43,548 versus $31,056 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,675.  About 3.8% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
School districts serving township residents:
Bath Community Schools
East Lansing Public Schools
Haslett Public Schools
Laingsburg Community Schools

References

External links
Official Website of Bath Charter Township

*
Category:Townships in Clinton County, Michigan
Category:Charter townships in Michigan
Category:Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area
Category:Populated places established in 1839
Category:1839 establishments in Michigan


Miryang River

The Miryang River is a tributary of the Nakdong River which flows through Miryang City.  It rises in Ulsan metropolitan city, on the slopes of Gohyeonsan, and flows for 101.5 kilometers before joining the Nakdong in Miryang's Samnangjin-eup.  Its narrower upper reaches are often called the Miryangcheon, or "Miryang Stream."

The Miryang River watershed covers 1,421.26 km².  Important tributaries include the Cheongdocheon, flowing south from Cheongdo, and the Dongchangcheon flowing out of Gyeongju.

Most of the Miryang River valley is occupied by rice fields, but great oxbow curve which flows through downtown Miryang has long been used for recreational purposes.  In addition to a riverwalk and open-air arena, the river is overlooked by the famous Yeongnamnu pavilion, which dates from the Joseon Dynasty.   The Arang pavilion also overlooks the river in this area, as does the Miryang City Museum.  Other nearby attractions include the Yeongnam Alps, which run along the eastern flank of the river's lower reaches.

The region just above the confluence of the Miryang and Nakdong rivers is called the Miryang Plain, 4 km wide at its widest point.  This area is known for its fertile soil, and is home to numerous orchards and vegetable farms in addition to rice fields.

Notes

See also
 Rivers of Korea
 Geography of South Korea

Category:Rivers of South Korea
Category:Rivers of South Gyeongsang Province
Category:Miryang


Gracie jiu-jitsu ranking system

The Gracie jiu-jitsu ranking system is a method of signifying competency and moral character of a jiu-jitsu practitioner, developed by founders Carlos and Hélio Gracie, and utilized by members of the Gracie family.

Similar to the IBJJF Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system, the Gracie system has a number of key differences. Most notable is the half-color ranks included in the junior level, making for a larger series of ranks for practitioners under the age of 16 years old.

Bars and stripes / degrees

Having its roots in the Japanese martial art and sport system to signify a practitioner's progression within the art. However, to differentiate jiu-jitsu from the other disciplines, a solid bar was included on the belt near one of the ends.

As a practitioner advances, stripes are awarded and placed at equidistant intervals on the solid bar—which is colored black for most belt ranks—as intermediate signifiers between belt ranks. Generally a student will receive four stripes before advancing to the next full rank, but it is not uncommon for a practitioner to be promoted to a new belt without being awarded all four stripes of the previous rank.

For most belt ranks, and most Gracie schools, each stripe is awarded at the discretion of the instructor, without any specific curriculum or qualification requirements. However, with adult ranks, (particularly the lower colors of blue and purple), proficiency in a set series of techniques may be required prior to consideration for stripe promotion. The Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Academy of Torrance, California (founded by Rorion and his brothers Rickson, Royler, and Royce, and now run by Rorion's sons Rener and Ryron), features an online program called Gracie University (GU) for satellite students who cannot attend live classes. For GU students, not only is there a defined set of techniques to demonstrate proficiency in, but a student is required to test their skills and be graded by the headquarters instructors for a minimum level of competency before being awarded a particular stripe. For live class students, the academy requires a minimum amount of class hours attended, as well as overall time as a student before consideration for

Junior belt ranks

When the Jiu-Jitsu Federation of Guanabara was created in 1967, it adopted the judo colored belt system developed thirty years prior by Mikonosuke Kawaishi, but instituted a separation between adults and children. Hélio Gracie, president of the Federation, felt that children could not be tested on the adult-level moral qualifications he held for normal rank advancement. For this reason, the colors of yellow, orange, and green were reserved for practitioners under the age of 16. (Both children and adults of any age begin training as a new student wearing a white belt.)

In the 1990s, Brazilian judo clubs began awarding grey belts for children advancing from white belt. In the same interest of providing children with more frequent rank promotion within Gracie jiu-jitsu, Pedro Valente Sr. and his sons proposed an adaptation to the youth belt system. It involved intermediate belts consisting of half-colors, awarded between full colored belts. Each half-color promotion includes a color previously attained, and the next full color rank. For example, between the white belt and yellow belt, a student earns a white/yellow belt. Between yellow and orange, a student earns a white/orange, and then a yellow/orange.

This change provides a full ten belts (as opposed to the previous system of only four), allowing instructors to award children more frequently, and increase motivation among young students. The new system was approved by  Hélio in 2005, and he added that it was the most efficient and simple way to give children self-confidence.

Each rank has a recommended maximum age, beginning with the white/yellow belt at age 5 and under. Each subsequent belt has the recommendation for each subsequent year of age, ending with the green belt at age 13 and below. Under this schedule of promotion, a junior student would receive a stripe roughly every three months, and a new belt after each year of training until the age of 13. After green, the next belt rank is blue, which has a required minimum age of 16 years.

Although typical, it is not necessary for a student to go through each rank individually. Notably, Grandmaster Relson Gracie reported that he started competing at the age of 6 or 7 as an orange belt (prior to the half-color system), and remained at that rank until he turned 16, when his father Hélio awarded him a brown belt.

Conversion between junior belt systems

The table below shows an approximate conversion between the Gracie jiu-jitsu ranking system and the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation system. These are the two most common systems for junior belts in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Both systems span practitioners from 4 years old through 15 years old.

Adult belt ranks

After turning 16 years old, a student is eligible to advance to the adult ranks, beginning with blue belt. As with the junior system, stripes are generally awarded signifying progression toward the next rank. However, in the adult ranks, promotions occur much less frequently than in the junior ages. Beginning with blue belt, a student will typically spend at least 2 years at each full rank before advancing to the next belt. The minimum age required for attaining a black belt is 18 years.

Beginning with black belt, each stripe earned is referred to as a "degree" (e.g. "2nd-degree black belt"), and typically requires a minimum of 3 years of teaching experience before consideration.

However, a practitioner may begin teaching at a blue belt rank or higher, and instruct students of a lower rank. Requirements for teaching generally include demonstration of proficiency in knowledge and technique, as well as completion of a probationary teaching period. Upon successful completion of full instructor requirements, a white border is added on each end of the solid bar on the individual's belt (regardless of color), signifying a fully certified instructor. The black belt for a non-instructor features a solid white bar (as opposed to the typical black bar found on the lower ranks). It is only when a black belt-level practitioner is in the process of becoming a professor and is teaching students, that this white bar is replaced with a red bar. Upon reaching the 2nd-degree of black belt, an instructor is commonly referred to as "professor."

Once a practitioner advances beyond the 6th degree of black belt, an alternating red and black belt is awarded, along with the title of master. This belt is often referred to as a "coral belt" (after the color scheme of the coral snake), and is used to designate 7th degree black belt practitioners. Among international federations (most notably the IBJJF), the 8th degree of black belt is designated with an alternating red and white coral belt. As founder of the IBJJF, and 8th degree practitioner himself, Carlos Gracie Jr. wears this belt. Practitioners from the Hélio Gracie lineage however, maintain the red and black coral belt and simply add an additional stripe. Prior to their promotions, Rickson Gracie and Joe Moreira were notable examples of this. Pedro Sauer also maintains a red and black belt as an eighth degree rank.

Beyond 8th degree, the 9th and 10th degrees are signified with solid red belts. Noted practitioners Renzo & Royler Gracie have stated that the red belt in Gracie/Brazilian jiu-jitsu is reserved "for those whose influence and fame takes them to the pinnacle of the art". Red belt holders are often addressed within the art by the title grandmaster.

The 10th degree has been given only to the pioneers of the art, the Gracie brothers: Carlos, Oswaldo, George, Gaston and Hélio.

Unique belts

In some instances, practitioners within the Gracie system will wear belts not recognized or utilized within the greater jiu-jitsu community. Some notable black belt level practitioners, including Royce Gracie and the Valente brothers, have transitioned to wearing a dark navy blue belt in deference to the historical tradition prior to the colored belt ranking system, (a white belt designated a student, a light blue belt designated an instructor, and head professors wore a dark navy belt). For a period of time, this was the system held by Helio Gracie. Royce in particular gave his reasoning in a live interview, stating that he has only ever been promoted by his father Helio, and after his father's passing, he has no interest in being promoted by anyone else. Therefore, he followed his father's example and began wearing a dark navy belt.

For individuals who begin training as adults (automatically bypassing junior grade levels), the Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Academy and its Certified Training Centers around the world award a white belt with a navy blue center to students who are promoted from the solid white (beginner) rank. This belt is referred to as a "Combatives belt" in reference to the Gracie Combatives program which serves as the foundation for all beginner students. This belt was introduced to serve as an intermediary rank for students who have completed the beginner curriculum, but still lack the level of experience commonly attributed to blue belt practitioners.

The Academy also introduced a pink belt for graduates of their Women Empowered self-defense program, a curriculum featuring a limited set of jiu-jitsu techniques specifically curated to defend against common sexual assault scenarios.

See also

Jiu-Jitsu Federation of Rio de Janeiro
Black belt
Sandbagging
List of Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners

References
 Pedro Valente Jr. (2012). The History of the Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Belt System. Miami: Valente Brothers TV.
 Ryan Young, David Kama (2017). Jiu-Jitsu BJJ Belt System Explained. Flower Mound: Kama Jiu-Jitsu.
 Ryan Young, David Kama (2019). Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Belt Colors Explained: Strips, Bars, and Different BJJ Systems. Flower Mound: Kama Jiu-Jitsu.

Notes

Category:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Category:Martial arts ranking


The Girl of Your Dreams

The Girl of Your Dreams () is a 1998 Spanish drama film produced and directed by Fernando Trueba that stars Penélope Cruz, Antonio Resines, Johannes Silberschneider and Hanna Schygulla. Set during the Spanish Civil War, it centers on a fictional Andalusian actress making a film in Nazi Germany who becomes the object of Joseph Goebbels' attentions.

Plot
In 1938, while Spain is in the grip of civil war, a film team from territory held by Franco's rebels are invited to the co-production in Berlin of a musical set in 19th-century Andalucia, to be shot in separate Spanish and German versions. At first happy to be working away from their war-torn country, the group find life under Nazism increasingly unpleasant and dangerous.

Macarena, their attractive star, soon catches the eye of Goebbels, the Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, who is determined to bed her. Though she finds him repulsive, and prefers the company of Blas, the married director of the Spanish version, it is made clear to her that for the sake of the project and of Hispano-German relations she must comply.

When she points out that the extras in the film look ridiculously inauthentic, being tall and fair-haired, they are replaced by short dark Jewish and Romani prisoners from a concentration camp, under armed SS guards. An extra with whom she sympathises, a handsome Russian called Leo, escapes the guards and she smuggles him into the villa where Goebbels has installed her. When Goebbels calls round, Leo knocks him out cold.

Blas realises that this is the end of the road for the project and rushes to see Goebbels' wife, who is well aware of her husband's activities. She writes him a pass enabling Leo, Macarena and her dresser to board a plane that night. The fate of the rest of the group, who are all under arrest, is unclear.

Cast
 Penélope Cruz as Macarena Granada
 Antonio Resines as Blas Fontiveros
 Jorge Sanz as Julián Torralba
 Rosa Maria Sardà as Rosa Rosales
 Santiago Segura as Castillo
 Loles León as Trini Morenos
 Jesús Bonilla as Marco Bonilla
 Neus Asensi as Lucia Gandia
 Miroslav Táborský as Václav Passer
 Johannes Silberschneider as Goebbels
 Karel Dobry as Leo
 Götz Otto as Heinrich von Wermelskirch
 Hanna Schygulla as Magda Goebbels
 María Barranco as Ambassador's wife
 Juan Luis Galiardo as Ambassador

Historical background
During the Civil War, filmmakers from the Nationalist side found work in Germany and Italy. For example, in 1938 at the UFA studios in Babelsberg, the Spanish director Florián Rey filmed Carmen, la de Triana in Spanish and a German version called Andalusische Nächte, both starring the Argentine singer and actress Imperio Argentina with whom, according to legend, Hitler fell in love. She is reported to have sued the producers and director for using her life story without permission.

Awards
 7 Goya Awards, including Best Film and Best Actress (Penélope Cruz)
 Golden Bear - 49th Berlin International Film Festival (nominated)

Sequel
A sequel, La reina de España (English: The Queen of Spain), starring Penélope Cruz and Jorge Sanz, was released on 25 November 2016.

References

External links

Category:1990s drama films
Category:1998 films
Category:Best Film Goya Award winners
Category:Films about filmmaking
Category:Drama films based on actual events
Category:Films directed by Fernando Trueba
Category:Films featuring a Best Actress Goya Award-winning performance
Category:Films set in Berlin
Category:Films set in Germany
Category:Films set in 1939
Category:German-language films
Category:Russian-language films
Category:Spanish Civil War films
Category:Spanish films
Category:Spanish-language films
Category:Films shot in the Czech Republic
Category:Films with screenplays by Rafael Azcona
Category:Films shot at Babelsberg Studios


Hlobyne Raion

Hlobyne Raion () is a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast in central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center is the town of Hlobyne. Population:

References

Category:Raions of Poltava Oblast


Wisconsin Highway 176

State Trunk Highway 176 (often called Highway 176, STH 176 or WIS 176) was a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It ran east–west between the Illinois border southeast of South Wayne and Wiota.  Control over the road was given to Lafayette County in 1999; it is now designated as County Highway D.

Major intersections

References

176


Don Parish (rugby league)

Don Parish is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1970s. An Australia international and New South Wales state representative goal-kicking  or three-quarter back, he played club football in Sydney's NSWRFL Premiership for the Western Suburbs club, as well as elsewhere in New South Wales. Parish later coached Wests and Penrith.

Playing career
Hailing from the country New South Wales town of Dubbo, Parish played for the Macquarie club, becoming their first international when he was selected to go on the 1959/60 Kangaroo tour.

In 1959 Parish scored a try and kicked three goals in the New South Wales team's loss to Queensland that attracted 35,261 spectators, smashing Brisbane's previous record for an interstate match of 22,817. Later that year he became Kangaroo No. 358 when selected as a non-playing reserve in the Test series against New Zealand. Parish then toured with the 1959-60 Kangaroos and played in 12 matches (no Tests) and scored 55  points (7 tries, 17 goals).

Parish started playing first grade in the Sydney premiership for the Western Suburbs club in the 1961 NSWRFL season and that year toured New Zealand with the Australian side, making his Test debut. In the 12-10 First Test loss in Auckland he had the distinction of becoming the first Australian fullback to score a try in a Test match and was the tour's leading point-scorer with 58 points (4 tries, 23 goals).  At the end of the season he played at fullback in Wests' loss to St. George in the grand final.

In 1962 Parish played in Australia's First Test loss to Great Britain, which was his last international match. That season he was the League's top point-scorer. In 1963 he again played fullback for Wests in another grand final defeat by St. George. Parish's last season playing for Wests was 1967.

Coaching career
Following his retirement from the playing field, Parish coached on the Southern New South Wales coast, taking the Illawarra Rugby League's Western Suburbs club to premierships in 1969 and 1970, as well as coaching the Illawarra group team to victory in the Country Divisional Championship.

At the end of the 1971 NSWRFL season Parish was appointed to take over from Ron Watson as Western Suburbs' first grade coach. He coached the club until 1976, moving to Penrith in 1977. Half-way through the 1978 NSWRFL season, Len Stacker was appointed to replace Parish as Penrith head coach at the season's end.

References

External links
Don Parish at stats.rleague.com

Category:People from Dubbo
Category:Australian rugby league players
Category:Country New South Wales rugby league team players
Category:Western Suburbs Magpies players
Category:City New South Wales rugby league team players
Category:Australia national rugby league team players
Category:New South Wales rugby league team players
Category:Australian rugby league coaches
Category:Western Suburbs Magpies coaches
Category:Penrith Panthers coaches
Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:Rugby league fullbacks


Bursera filicifolia

Bursera filicifolia is an uncommon  North American species of trees in the Frankincense Family in the soapwood order. It has been found only in the States of Sonora and Baja California Sur in northwestern Mexico.

Bursera filicifolia is a shrub or small tree with gray bark unlike the red bark of the closely related B. laxiflora. Leaves are pinnately compound with 9-19 leaflets, hairy on both sides. Drupes are hairless and egg-shaped.

References

filicifolia
Category:Endemic flora of Mexico
Category:Flora of Baja California Sur
Category:Flora of Sonora
Category:Plants described in 1908
Category:Taxa named by Townshend Stith Brandegee


The Bay Institute

The Bay Institute(TBI) is a nonprofit research, education, and advocacy organization dedicated to protecting and restoring the ecosystem of the San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and the estuary's tributary rivers, streams, and watersheds. Created in 1981, TBI's scientific experts have worked to secure stronger protections for endangered species and their habitats; improve water quality; reform how California manages its water resources; and promote comprehensive ecological restoration from the Sierra to the sea. They are based in Novato, California. Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco is affiliated with them.

References

External links

Category:San Francisco Bay
Category:1981 establishments in California
Category: Research institutes in the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:Environmental organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area


Archdeacon George of Christ

One of the most famous archdeacons in the history of St Thomas Christians is the Archdeacon Geevarghese of Christ (died 1585 AD). He was a biblical expert and a master of Syriac language and literature. He was considered a holy person but extremely efficient in administration. He was contemporary to Bishop Mar Abraham of Persia who lived in Angamaly. He is credited with the new construction of Marth Maryam church Angamaly

The archdeacon during the first part of the reign of Mar Abraham was George of Christ, who was on friendly terms with the Latin missionaries and was to be appointed the successor of Mar Abraham as metropolitan of India. Thus he should have become, according to the plans of Mar Abraham, supported by the Jesuits, the first indigenous Chaldaean Metropolitan of the St Thomas Christians. However, the last letter of Mar Abraham, where his requisition letter to the Pope to confirm George’s ordination as bishop of Palur and as his successor is dated January 13, 1584; While from another letter of the same Mar Abraham, we are informed that the consecration of George failed because of the latter’s death.
Great mural paintings in the Angamaly Church are viz. "Hell" , "Last Judgement" , also of mural paintings of the Bishops and the Archdeacon .

The Indian Church History Classics, Vol.I, The Nazranies (1998) and the Thomas Encyclopaedia Vol. II(1973).

Geevarghese of Christ died in Angamaly. He was buried in the St Mary's Church Angamaly. His brother Yohannan was Archdeacon (1585–93) & Another brother Jacob Became Archdeacon in 1596.

See also
 Mar Abraham
 Christianity in India
 Church of the East
 India (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
 Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church
 Syrian Malabar Nasrani

References

Category:Archdeacons


Shiro Takatani

Shiro Takatani (born October 15, 1963 in Nara) is a Japanese artist. He currently lives and works in Kyoto.
Co-founder and visual creator of the group Dumb Type since 1984, he also became artistic director of the group from 1995 and also started an active solo career in 1998.

Biography

Dumb Type
Graduated from Kyoto City University of Arts, Shiro Takatani co-founded Dumb Type in 1984 with other students from different sections of the university, including Teiji Furuhashi, Toru Koyamada, Yukihiro Hozumi, Misako Yabuuchi and Hiromasa Tomari.

Dumb Type began touring around the world and got recognition with their multidisciplinary shows Pleasure Life (1988), and pH (1990–1995) and S/N (1992–1996)

After the death of the artistic director Teiji Furuhashi in 1995, some members left the company, while new ones joined it, as the composer Ryoji Ikeda. They continued working under Shiro Takatani's direction and created the performances OR (1997–1999), memorandum (1999–2003), Voyage (2002–2009), and the related installations OR (1997), Cascade (2000), Voyages (2002) and MEMORANDUM OR VOYAGE (2014).

Solo Projects
Alongside his activities within Dumb Type, Takatani has created a number of installations and performances under his own name.

Since his first installation frost frames, created at Canon Artlab in 1998, Takatani has been invited by museums, festivals and theatres worldwide.

Among others, he was commissioned by the Natural History Museum of Latvia in Riga to create two video installations: Ice Core and Snow Crystal / fiber optic type, for the group exhibition "Conversations with Snow and Ice", dedicated to Ukichiro Nakaya' scientific work on snow and ice, in 2005. This exhibition was one of the nominees for the Descartes Award for Excellence in the Explanation of Scientific phenomena in 2007)

The following year he was hosted in residence in Australia and presented the installation Chrono in Melbourne, as part of the Australia-Japan exchange program "Rapt! 20 Contemporary Artists from Japan", commissioned by the Japan Foundation.

He also joined the three-week British expedition "Cape Farewell" (a cultural response to climate change) in the Arctic, with scientists, writers, journalists and other artists from different countries. The related group exhibition was presented at the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation in Tokyo, in 2008.

His more recent creations include the laser installation Silence (2012), commissioned by Radar, Loughborough University Arts, the fog installation Composition (2013) for the Sharjah Biennial in the United Arab Emirates and one of the first animation artworks for the 3D WATER MATRIX, inaugurated at the exhibition "Robotic Art" at the Cité des sciences et de l'industrie in Paris, in 2014.

Some of his installations are part of permanent collections of museums, for example Camera lucida (2004) and Toposcan / Ireland 2013 at the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography and optical flat / fiber optic type (2000) at the National Museum of Art in Osaka.

In 2013, the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography presented Camera lucida, a dedicated exhibition with a wide range of the video and photographic artworks, he created both as solo artist and artistic director of Dumb Type

Another solo exhibition, held at the Kodama Gallery in Tokyo in 2014, featured his photographic series Topograph and frost frame Europe 1987.

Takatani also created and directed three theatre/dance performances: La chambre claire  (2008), referring to Roland Barthes's essay la camera lucida, CHROMA (2012), inspired by Derek Jarman's Chroma: A Book of Color, with original music by Simon Fisher Turner, and ST/LL (2015)  in which he is exploring how to consider the micromeasure of time and whether "art or science can ever truly express this hourglass world".

Collaboration Projects
Shiro Takatani has collaborated with musicians, choreographers and other artists from many disciplines.

In 1990, he participated with Akira Asada in the art project Stadsmarkeringen Groningen - Marking the City Boundaries, led by architect Daniel Libeskind for the 950th anniversary of the City of Groningen in the Netherlands.

In 1998, he was commissioned by Art Zoyd and the Lille National Orchestra to create video images for a piece of the first cycle of Dangerous Visions, a project combining symphonic music, new musical technologies and images.

At this period, composer Ryuichi Sakamoto noticed Takatani's work and asked him to undertake the visual direction of his opera LIFE, created in 1999. This marked the start of a fruitful collaboration between the two artists.
They co-created later, in 2007, the installation LIFE - fluid, invisible, inaudible ... at Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM] (as well as an updated version in 2013), silent spins with sound designer Seigen Ono at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo in 2012.
They also participated together in three performances directed by Moriaki Watanabe: Project Mallarmé I, II and III, combining text, music, theatre and dance, at the Kyoto Performing Arts Center - Shunjuza, from 2010 to 2012.
During 2013–2014, they presented in Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM], on the occasion of its 10th anniversary, their performance LIFE WELL (with the participation of Noh actor Mansai Nomura), an installation with the same title and a new one: water state 1.
Furthermore, Takatani was the visual director for Sakamoto's project Forest Symphony in 2013 and they collaborated again for a special version of LIFE-WELL, commissioned for the 20th anniversary of the Park Hyatt in Tokyo, in 2014.

Since his first collaboration with fog sculptor Fujiko Nakaya at the 1st International Biennial of Valencia in 2001, for the outdoor installation IRIS at the port of the city, Takatani co-signed two more large-scale installations with her: CLOUD FOREST (2010), inside and around the Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM], and a fog sculpture in the Asuka Historical National Park in Nara.

Among other collaborations, he contributed in the exhibition Kichizaemon X (2012–2013), consisting of images screened on potters made by Raku Kichizaemon XV at Sagawa Art Museum, and he co-signed the 4K video installation Mars with Xavier Barral, for the international festival of photography Kyotographie at the Museum of Kyoto.

He also co-created several performances with Noh actor Mansai Nomura: Sanbaso / Eclipse and Boléro, both performed at the MOT - Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo), and Aoi no ue, The Double Shadow, directed by Watanabe Moriaki, at the Kyoto Performing Arts Center - Syunjuza.

Takatani's works were presented, among others, at the Martin-Gropius-Bau in Berlin, Israel Museum in Jerusalem, Romaeuropa festival / MACRO in Rome, Royal Academy of Arts in London, Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, GREC festival in Barcelona, Festival de Otoño in Madrid, Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, Lille 2004 - European Capital of Culture, NTT InterCommunication Center - ICC, Tokyo, Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM].

In 2015, Takatani received the 65th Prize of Fine Arts (Art media) from the Ministry of Education of Japan.

Works

Installations
 Toposcan/Tokyo (2020), commissioned by Tokyo Photographic Art Museum
 Toposcan / Baden-Württemberg (2016), commissioned by ZKM Karlsruhe
 MEMORANDUM OR VOYAGE - Dumb Type (2014), commissioned by the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
 ST\LL, a liquid animation for the 3D WATER MATRIX (2014)
 Toposcan/Morocco (2014)
 Toposcan/Ireland (2013)
 frost frame Europe 1987 (2013)
 mirror type k2 (2013)
 Composition (2013)
 silence (2012)
 photo-gene (2007)
 Chrono (2006), commissioned by the Japan Foundation as part of Australia-Japan exchange program "Rapt! 20 Contemporary Artists from Japan"
 Ice Core (2005), commissioned by the Natural History Museum of Latvia, Riga, as part of "Conversations with Snow and Ice" exhibition
 Snow Crystal / fiber optic type (2005), commissioned by the Natural History Museum of Latvia, Riga, as part of "Conversations with Snow and Ice" exhibition
 Camera Lucida (2004), permanent collection of Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography
 optical flat / fiber optic type (2000), permanent collection of the National Museum of Art, Osaka
 frost frames (1998)

Performances
 ST/LL (2015), co-produced by Le Volcan - Scène Nationale du Havre and Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
 CHROMA - concert version (2013)
 CHROMA (2012), co-produced by Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
 La chambre claire (2008), co-produced by Theater der Welt 2008

Collaboration works
 Fujiko Nakaya:Fog x FLO, fog installation (2018)
 Ryuichi Sakamoto: dis.play, visual concert (2018)
 Glenn Gould Gathering (2017)
 Ryuichi Sakamoto: IS YOUR TIME exhibition (2017)
 Ryuichi Sakamoto: Artists Studio, visual concert (2017)
 Ryuichi Sakamoto: async exhibition (2017)
 London Fog #03779, fog installation with Fujiko Nakaya + Ryuichi Sakamoto + Min Tanaka at the Tate Modern London (2017)
 Sayuri Yoshinaga + Ryuichi Sakamoto: For Peace, charity concert (2016)
 Toposcan/Mozuyaguro - Rokyo with Raku Kichizaemon XV + Chojiro (2016)
 Le Soulier de satin by Paul Claudel, directed by Moriaki Watanabe (2016)
 PLANKTON - A Drifting World at the Origine of Life: installation with Christian Sardet and Ryuichi Sakamoto (2016)
 Aoi no ue / L'ombre double (2014), visual direction for the performance directed by Moriaki Watanabe (Kyoto Performing Arts Center - Syunjuza)
 LIFE-WELL Park Hyatt version (2014), fog and sound installation in collaboration with Ryuichi Sakamoto, at Park Hyatt Tokyo
 ST\LL, First artwork for the 3D Water Matrix (2014), Merit CODAawards Winner 2015 - category "Institutional" in 2015
 Mars (2014), installation in collaboration with Xavier Barral
 Sanbaso / Eclipse (2014), with Mansai Nomura, commissioned by the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
 Boléro (2014), with Mansai Nomura, commissioned by the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
 LIFE - fluid, invisible, inaudible ... (2013), ver.2, installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto, commissioned by Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM]
 water state 1 (2013), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto
 LIFE-WELL (2013), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto
 Forest Symphony (2013), visual direction for the project by Ryuichi Sakamoto
 LIFE-WELL (2013), Nô and Kyôgen performance in collaboration with Ryuichi Sakamoto and Mansai Nomura
 Mallarmé Project III (2012), visual direction for the performance by Moriaki Watanabe
 silence spins (2012), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto + Seigen Ono
 collapsed (2012), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto
 Kichizaemon X (2012), installation with Raku Kichizaemon XV
 Asuka Art Project (2011), lighting design for the fog installation by Fujiko Nakaya
 Mallarmé Project II - Igitur (2011), visual direction for the performance by Moriaki Watanabe
 Mallarmé Project (2010), visual direction for the performance by Moriaki Watanabe
 CLOUD FOREST (2010), installation with Fujiko Nakaya, commissioned by Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM]
 This is how you will disappear, video direction for the performance by Gisèle Vienne at Festival d'Avignon
 Keiichiro Shibuya playing piano solo, Shiro Takatani playing visuals (2009)
 LIFE-fluid, invisible, inaudible ... (2007), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto, commissioned by Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM]
 Live with Softpad (2007), special creation at Espace Sculfort in Maubeuge and Maison des Arts de Créteil
 Garden Live with Ryuichi Sakamoto (2007) at Daitokuji-temple, Kyoto
 Live with Rei Harakami (2006) at Liquidroom, Tokyo, Sonar Sound Tokyo
 Live with Rei Harakami (2005) at Kyoto University Seibu-Kodo Hall and SONAR, Barcelona
 Garden Live with Ryuichi Sakamoto (2005) at Honen-in, Kyoto
 Live with Rei Harakami (2004) at Namura Art Meeting, Osaka and Sonar Sound Tokyo 2004
 IRIS (2001), installation with Fujiko Nakaya, commissioned by the 1st Biennial of Valencia
 LIFE (1999), visual direction for the opera by Ryuichi Sakamoto
 Dangerous Visions (1998), visual creation for the project by Art Zoyd and Orchestre National de Lille

 Exhibitions and Performances

 Solo exhibitions
2019-2020
 Dumb Type : ACTIONS+REFLEXIONS, MOT - Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
 Topograph/Toposcan, Kodama Gallery Tokyo (JP)
2018
 Dumb Type : ACTIONS+REFLEXIONS, Centre Pompidou-Metz
2014
 Topograph and frost frame Europe 1987, Kodama Gallery, Tokyo
2013
 Camera Lucida, Tokyo Photographic Art Museum
 LIFE-WELL installation, Noda-jinja shrine (outdoor), Yamaguchi
2007
 photo-gene, Kodama Gallery, Tokyo
2004
 Camera Lucida - experimental studies, Kodama Gallery, Osaka
2001
 frost frames, Chapelle des Carmélites, Toulouse
2000
 frost frames, Kyoto Art Center, Kyoto
 optical flat / fiber optic type, Kodama Gallery, Osaka

 Group exhibitions
2017
 Digitalife 8, Romaeuropa Festival, Rome
 Reenacting History Collective Actions and Everyday Gestures, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art
 Polar Patterns | Art and Antarctica, RMIT Project Space Gallery, Melbourne
2016
 Digitalife 7, Romaeuropa / MACRO Testaccio - La Pelanda, Rome
 Le Grand Orchestre des Animaux / Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris
 GLOBALE: New Sensorium / ZKM, Karlsruhe
2015
 Open Space / NTT InterCommunication Center [ICC], Tokyo
2014
 Seeking New Genealogies — Bodies / Leaps / Traces, Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo
 City and Nature / Sapporo International Art Festival, Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, Sapporo
 Kyotographie - international photography festival / The Museum of Kyoto Annex
 Art Robotique / Cité des sciences et de l'industrie, Paris
2013
 ART-ENVIRONMENT-LIFE - YCAM 10th Anniversary, Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media [YCAM]
  Re:emerge, Towards a New Cultural Cartography" - Sharjah Biennial 11 / Sharjah Art Foundation New Art Spaces, Sharjah
 Kichizaemon X, special exhibition "teahouse of light" / Sagawa Art Museum, Shiga
 Kyotographie - international photography festival / Saigyo-an, Kyoto
2012
 AfterGold / Radar, Loughborough University
 Kichizaemon X: Takatani Shiro + the 15th Raku Kichizaemon / Sagawa Art Museum, Shiga
 Art & Music - Search for New Synesthesia / Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, Tokyo
2011
 Matière-Lumière / Le 360, Bethune
2010
 Digital Life / Romaeuropa, La Pelanda-MACRO, Rome
 Yebisu International Festival for Art & Alternative Visions / Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo
2009
 Ecology and Art – Thinking About the Earth Through Art: From Nearby to Far Away / Gunma Museum of Art, Tatebayashi
 A Blow to the Everyday / Osage Gallery, Hong Kong
 Earth: Art of a changing world / Royal Academy of Arts, London
2008
 Cape Farewell / National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, Tokyo
 Light InSight / NTT InterCommunication Center [ICC], Tokyo
2007
 Vom Funken zum Pixel / Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin
2006
 Rapt! 20 contemporary artists from Japan / Westspace, Melbourne
2005
 Conversations with Snow and Ice / The Natural History Museum of Latvia, Riga
 Rising Sun, Melting Moon / The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
2003
 Cyber Asia – media art in the near future / Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, Hiroshima
 Lille 2004 – European Capital of Culture, Lille
2001
 media messages: look thru language / Sendai mediatheque, Sendai
 AFTER-IMAGE / The National Museum of Art, Osaka
2000
 Musiques en Scène Festival / Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon
 EXIT Festival / Maison des Arts de Créteil
 VIA Festival / Le Manège - Théâtre du Manège, Maubeuge
1998
 ARTLAB 4 / Spiral Garden, Tokyo
1990
 Stadsmarkering - Groningen / Marking the City Boundaries (master plan Daniel Libeskind), Groningen

Public collections
 optical flat / fiber optic type (2000), The National Museum of Art, Osaka
 Toposcan – Ireland (2013), Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo
 Camera Lucida (2004), Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo

Tours (performances)
2019
 ST/LL, Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Kwai Tsing Theatre, Hong Kong
 ST/LL, Singapore International Festival of Arts
2018
 ST/LL, New National Theatre Tokyo
2017
 ST/LL, National Performing Arts Center, National Theater & Concert Hall, Taipei
 CHROMA, One Dance Week Festival, Plovdiv
2016
 ST/LL, Napoli Teatro Festival 2016 - Teatro Politeama, Naples
 CHROMA, New National Theatre Tokyo
 ST/LL, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
2015
 ST/LL, Les Halles de Schaerbeek, Brussels
 ST/LL, Le Volcan - Scène Nationale du Havre, Le Havre
2014
 CHROMA, SIAF - Sapporo International Art Festival
2013
 CHROMA, Festival de Marseille
 CHROMA concert version, SonarSound Tokyo
2012
 CHROMA, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
 La chambre claire, New National Theatre, Tokyo
2010
 La Càmera Lúcida, GREC Festival, Barcelone
 La chambre claire, Festival de Marseille
 La chambre claire, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
2009
 La Cámara Lúcida, Festival de Otoño, Madrid
2008
 Die Helle Kammer, Theater der Welt, Halle

Discography
 Teiji Furuhashi + Toru Yamanaka + Dumb Type - Works Vol. 01 (Triple CD, 2005). Foil Records FR-008/3
 memorandum - Dumb Type (CD, 2000). CCI Recording CCI001
 OR - Dumb Type (CD, 1998). Foil Records DTOR
 S/N (CD, 1998). Les Disques du Soleil et de l'Acier C-DSA 54056
 Remix - Dumb Type (mini CD, 1997). Foil Records FS001
 teiji furuhashi / dumb type 1985–1994 (CD, 1996). Foil Records ML8852008
 Hotel Pro Forma, Dumb Type, Diller-Scofidio - Monkey Business Class (CD, 1996). no label. Audio document of a collaboration between Hotel Pro Forma, Dumb Type, Elizabeth Diller, Ricardo Scofidio and Willie Flindt.
 S/N - Dumb Type (CD, 1995). Newsic 30CE-N022

Videography
 memorandum (DVD, 2009). Dumb Type's performance recorded in 2000. Commmons RZBM46410
 OR (DVD, 2009). Dumb Type's performance recorded in 1998. Commmons RZBM46409
 LIFE-fluid, invisible, inaudible ... (DVD, 2008). Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani. Commmons RZBM-46410
 OR (VHS, 1998). Dumb Type's performance recorded in 1997. Euro Space ESV-034
 pH (VHS, 1992). Dumb Type performance recorded in 1991. Euro Space ESV-033

Awards
 "65th Prize of Fine Arts" (Art media) from the Ministry of Education of Japan (2015)
 "Merit CODAawards Winner 2015" (Institutional) for the 3D Water Matrix featuring Takatani's special artwork (2015)
 "Sole d'Ora" / TTVV Riccione (Italy) for Dumb Type video pH (1992)
 "Best Stage Recording / Studio Adaptation" / IMZ - Alter Oper, Dance Screen '92 Frankfurt (Germany) for Dumb Type video pH (1992)

Bibliography

Books
 Beyond the Display, Phenomenal Art and Design in the 21st Century, Mika Iwasaka (2015). [Shiro Takatani - CHROMA, pp. 144–145, Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani - water state 1, pp. 174–175]. Ed. BNN, inc.
 From Postwar to Postmodern, Art in Japan, 1945–1989: Primary Documents (MoMa Primary Documents), Doryun Chong, Michio Hayashi, Fumihiko Sumitomo, Kenji Kajiya (editors) (2012). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Ed. Duke University Press Books.
 LIFE -TXT, Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani (2010). Ed. NTT Publishing.
 Seeing Witness: Visuality and the Ethics of Testimony, Jane Blocker (2009). [Machine Memory: Digital Witness in Dumb Type's memorandum, pp. 61–84]. Ed. The University of Minnesota Press.
 Art And Electronic Media, Edward A. Shanken (2009). [pp. 148–149]. Ed. Phaidon
 Performing Japan: Contemporary Expressions of Cultural Identity (2008). [Yuji Sone, Internalizing Digital Phenomena: The performing' body at the intersection of Japanese culture and technology, pp. 273–294]. Ed. Global Oriental.
 Digital Performance: A History of New Media in Theater, Dance, Performance Art, and Installation, Steve Dixon (2007). [pp. 13, 60, 524, 661, 228–230, 547–548, 226–227, 60–61, 227–228]. Ed. The MIT Press.
 Susan Sontag, Beyond the radical will (2006). [Shiro Takatani x Ryuichi Sakamoto, pp. 121–136]. Ed. Kyoto University of Art and Design + Mitsumura Suiko Shoin.
 Dumb Type : OR, flipbook (2004). Ed. Lille 2004 European Capital of Culture
 Anomalie_digital arts n°2 : Digital Performance (Dec 2001/Jan 2002). [Keiko Courdy, Dumb Type: Un corps interface entre signal et noise, pp. 164–181]. Ed. HYX.
 Icc Documents 1997–2000 (2001). [Dumb Type performance OR, pp. 86–95]. Ed. NTT Publishing.
 memorandum – teiji furuhashi, Dumb Type (2000). Teiji Furuhashi's texts compiled by Dumb Type. Ed. Little More.
 Half a Century of Japanese Theater: 1990s Part 2 (2000). Ed. Kinokuniya Company Ltd.
 Information Design, series 6 (2000). [Toru Koyamada, Dumb Type, pp. 58–69]. Ed. Kadokawa Shoten Publishing.
 ICC Concept Book - Exploring the Future of the Imagination (1997). [Dumb Type : installation OR, pp. 84–89]. Ed. NTT Publishing Co., Ltd. ASIN: B005QCKVW4
 Annual InterCommunication '95, InterCommunication Center (1995). [Takaaki Kumakura, The Performance Art of Dumb Type, pp. 48–55, Akira Asada Dying Pictures, Loving Pictures]. Ed. NTT Publishing Co., Ltd. ASIN: B00TH6Q7HS
 Dumb Type : pHase (1993). Ed. Wacoal Art Center, Tokyo
 Stadsmarkering – Groningen, Marking the City Boundaries: The Books of Groningen, Paul Hefting and Camiel van Winkel (1990). [R: Akira Asada & Shiro Takatani, pp. 91–107]. Ed. Groningen: City Planning Department.
 Plan for Sleep (1986). Cassette book. Ed. Dumb Type
 Every Dog Has his Day (1985). Cassette book. Ed. Dumb Type

Catalogues of exhibitions
 18th Japan Media Arts Festival Award-Winning Works (2015). [Art Division - What Are Media Arts (Media Geijutsu): Shiro Takatani].
 Art robotique (2014). Artistic curator Richard Castelli. Cité des sciences et de l'industrie / Art Book Magazine.
 17th Japan Media Arts Festival Award-Winning Works (2013). [Art Division - In Pursuit of Art Piercing the Depths of Consciousness: Shiro Takatani].
 16th Japan Media Arts Festival Award-Winning Works (2013). [Art Division - Media Art, Inseparable from Its Epoch: Shiro Takatani].
 Camera Lucida, Takatani Shiro (2013). Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography.
 Kyotographie - international photography festival (2014). [Mars, a photographic exploration, pp. 10–21].
 Kyotographie - international photography festival (2013). [pp. 48–53].
 Kichizaemon X, Raku Kichizaemon + Takatani Shiro (2012). Sagawa Art Museum.
 Art & Music – Search for New Synesthesia (2012). General Advisor Ryuichi Sakamoto, Chief Curator: Yuko Hasegawa. [Ono Seigen + Sakamoto Ryuichi + Takatani Shiro, pp. 98–101], [Sakamoto Ryuichi + Takatani Shiro, pp. 134–136]. Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo.
 Matière-Lumière (2011). Curator Richard Castelli. [Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani, pp. 118–127]. Béthune 2011 Capitale Régionale de la Culture.
 Yebisu International Festival for Art & Alternative Visions 2010: Searching Songs, Keiko Okamura, Hiroko Tasaka, Masako Immaki, Jiro Iio (2010). Curator Keiko OKAMURA. Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography.
 U-n-f-o-l-d: A Cultural Response to Climate Change, David Buckland, Chris Wainwright (2010). [pp. 92–95]. Springer Wien New York.
 Ecology and Art - Thinking About the Earth Through Art: From Nearby to Far Away (2009). [pp. 20–21, 37]. Gunma Museum of Art, Tatebayashi
 Vom Funken zum Pixel (2007). Curator Richard Castelli. Berliner Festspiele / Martin-Gropius-Bau Berlin. [Shiro Takatani : Camera Lucida, Chrono]. Nicolai.
 Body Media (2007). Curators Richard Castelli and Gong Yan. [pp. 136–145]. O Art Center
 LIFE-fluid, invisible, inaudible ... , Sakamoto Ryuichi + Takatani Shiro (2007). NTT Publishing Co., Ltd.
 Rapt! : 20 contemporary artists from Japan (2006). Curators Yukihiro Hirayoshi, Shihoko Iida, Fumihiko Sumitomo. [Takatani Shiro in conversation with Philip Brophy, pp. 130–133, 186–189]. The Japan Foundation - Kokusai Koryu Kikin
 Conversations with Snow and Ice (2005). [p. 45]. The Natural History Museum of Latvia
 Cinémas du Futur (2004). Lille 2004 European Capital of Culture. Curator Richard Castelli. [Dumb Type: [OR] installation, pp. 28–29], [Shiro Takatani: frost frames, pp. 78–79]. Lille2004.
 Cyber Asia – media art in the near future (2003). Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art. [pp. 69–74].
 Dumb Type: Voyages, Minoru Hatanaka, Yukiko Shikata, Akira Asada (2002). NTT InterCommunication Center [ICC]. NTT Publishing Co. Ltd.
 The 1st Valencia Biennial: Communication between the Arts, Luigi Settembrini (editor) (2002). [Fujiko Nakaya + Shiro Takatani]. Charta.
 Gendai: Japanese Contemporary Art - Between the Body and Space (2000). The Centre of Contemporary Art, Ujazdowski Castle, Warsaw and The Japan Foundation. [pp. 76–81]
 vision.ruhr Kunst Medien Interaktion auf der Zeche Zollern Dortmund (2000). Museen der Stadt Dortmund. [pp. 176–179]
 Stanze e segreti (2000). Skira, Geneva-Milan. [pp. 70–85]
 Musiques en Scène (2000) Musée d'Art Contemporain de Lyon. [pp. 8–15]
 Donai Yanen! Et maintenant ! La création contemporaine au Japon (1998). École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris. [pp. 202–207]
 Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky (1994). Curator Alexandra Munroe. The Guggenheim Museum and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and The Japan Foundation. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. [pp. 305, 343, 358–359, 404]
 Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky (1994). Curator Alexandra Munroe. Yokohama Museum of Art. [p. 184]
 Binaera: 14 Interaktionen - Kunst und Technologie (1993), Kunsthalle Wien, [Dumb Type, pp. 57–65, 160–163]
 Dumb Type : pH catalogue (1993). Wacoal Art Center, Tokyo
 L'ère binaire : nouvelles interactions - Musée communal d'Ixelles, Charles Hirsch, Michel Baudson et Ludion (1992), Brussels.  [Dumb Type by Barbara London, pp. 57–65, 160–163]. Ludion
 Mito Annual '93 Another World (1992). Art Tower Mito Contemporary Art Gallery [Dumb Type, pp. 86–89], [Yuko Hasegawa, Dumb Type, pp. 117–119].
 Zones of Love — Contemporary Art From Japan (1991). Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney. [pp. 58–61]
 European Media Art Festival Osnabrück (1990) [Playback: a documentary of the performance Pleasure Life, p. 72]
 pH Catalogue. 1990. Wacoal Art Center.
 Against Nature: Japanese Art in the Eighties (1989). Grey Art Gallery & Study Center, New York University, the MIT List Visual Arts Center and The Japan Foundation. [pp. 50–51, 78, 85]

Essays / Art Press
 Shiro Takatani. The extension of visible: shapes of time, acoustic images & chromatic figures. Enrico Pitozzi. Digimag #82, (September 2013).
 BT: Monthly Art Magazine Bijutsu Techo - No. 886 (September 2006). [Shiro Takatani]. Bijutsu Shuppan Sha, Tokyo. .
 Stadmenschen in Medienlandschaften. Eiichiro Hirata. Theater der Zeit, Nr.9. (September 2006). [pp. 13–14]
 BT: Monthly Art Magazine Bijutsu Techo - No. 849 (May 2004). [Dumb Type, Takayuki Fujimoto, Teiji Furuhashi, Ryoji Ikeda, Toru Koyamada, Shiro Takatani]. Bijutsu Shuppan Sha, Tokyo..
 Meditations on Space and Time: The Performance Art of Japan's Dumb Type. Dorinda Neave. Art Journal, Vol. 60 (Spring 2001). [pp. 84–93]
 Diatxt. 01 (2000). [Shiro Takatani, Dumb type]. Kyoto Art Center, Kyoto.
 Dumb Type, Landmark Hall, Yokohama. Judy Annear. ART + TEXT, Number 51 (1995). [p. 73]

Audio / visual Documentaries
 Shiro Takatani, between nature and technology (2019). A 52-minute documentary film directed by Giulio Boato, in Japanese, French, English, with French subtitles, including interviews with Shiro Takatani, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Ryoji Ikeda, Simon Fisher Turner. Production: Idéale Audience. World premiere at the FIFA competition - International Festival of Films on Art in Montreal.
 Event Documentation by AAA Hong Kong Staff: October 2009 (2009). Asia Art Archive, Hong Kong.
 Musiques en scène, Trans/Formes (2000), radio documentary by Alexandre Castant. With James Giroudon, Pierre Alain Jaffrennou, Ulf Langheinrich (Granular-Synthesis), Micha Laury, Thierry Raspail, Shiro Takatani (Dumb Type). France Culture, Paris, 30 min.
 Arte Video Night 2009. Thème 5 : Entendre. Memorandum by Dumb Type
 Cycle création contemporaine au Japon : Dumb Type (DVD, 1998), documentary by Gilles Coudert (16 min. / Japanese version with French/English subtitles). Copyright: Triac documentaire, cop. 1998. Arte / Metropolis. apres production, collection Kaleidoscope (2008)

References

External links
 Official website - Shiro Takatani
 Official website - Dumb Type
 Epidemic productions website
 Cape Farewell - Shiro Takatani blog
 Discogs - Dumb Type
 Asia Art Archive - Shiro Takatani
 Asia Art Archive - Dumb Type

Category:Japanese artists
Category:1963 births
Category:Living people


Tata Aria

The Tata Aria is a crossover SUV manufactured by Tata Motors of India. Tata Aria was launched on 5 January 2010 at Auto Expo, Delhi, and was launched to customers on 12 October 2010 and prices started at 10.4 lakhs INR Ex showroom or (16k-17k USD). It is based upon the Tata Xover concept showcased in 2006 Geneva Motor Show. Tata Aria was also a series of concept cars introduced by Tata Motors at Geneva Auto Show 2000.

Tata Aria was succeeded by Tata Hexa featuring new exterior and revised interiors. The Hexa comes with a Varicor 400 2.2-litre diesel engine with the option of a manual as well as automatic transmission. Hexa delivers a real-world fuel efficiency of 12 km/l.

Features

Tata Aria is a blending of an MPV, Sedan and an SUV. It comes with seating arrangement of three rows and features such as 3D surround sound, dimming roof lamps, in-dash built in GPS, infotainment system, multifunctional steering wheel, dual air conditioning with automatic climate control and cruise control whereas safety features include 6 airbags, ABS and ESP, the chassis frame comprising advanced hydro formed members, a stiffened body cage, and dual zone collapsible steering.

Tata Motors designed the Aria in collaboration with Jaguar-Land Rover (JLR), its subsidiary. It is designed to target both Indian and international markets, the vehicle meets European safety standards.

Its segment-first features for the Indian market, include projector-beam xenon headlamps, electric adjustable and power-folding outside rear-view mirrors, diamond-cut alloy wheels, 2+2+3 (7-seater) and 2+3+3 (8-seater) configurations with flat-folding of the third row, touchscreen GPS navigation system, dual-zone automatic climate control HVAC, rain-sensing automatic front wipers, light-sensing automatic headlamps, reverse proximity sensors, driver information system, phone controls on the steering wheel, and audio system with six speakers. Its safety features include six SRS airbags (two front, four side-curtain;) anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electrical brake-force distribution (EBD), electronic stability program (ESP) with a traction-control system (TCS), front ventilated disc brakes, and rear non-ventilated disc-brakes.

Chassis, Engine, and Transmission

The exterior design of this vehicle is typical of a crossover SUV, with a body on frame chassis made of galvanized steel, to accommodate a front engine compartment, the main compartment with three seating rows, a 300-liter boot with a top-raising hatch, and flat-folding of the third seating row to increase boot space. The body has five doors, access to the third row is either through collapsing a second-row seat, or crawling through the central aisle between the two second-row seats, in the 2+2+3 seat variant. The 2+3+3 seat variant features 2:3 folding of the middle bench.

The Aria features an engine designed in-house by Tata Motors. Dubbed 2.2L Varicor, it is a common-rail diesel engine with an inline 4-cylinder topology, featuring a variable-geometry turbocharger with intercooler. The engine is rated with a maximum output of 150 PS (110 kW) at 4000 RPM, with a maximum torque of 320 Nm, at 1700 RPM. The engine is mated with a 6-speed manual transmission, with four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive variants. The four-wheel-drive variant features on-the-fly switching between 4x4, 4x2, and three slip differentials.

Specifications

Tata Aria concept cars

Tata Aria
In 2000 a two-seater coupe convertible - called the TATA Aria was displayed by Tata Motors at Geneva Auto Show. This car is built on the same platform as the TATA Indica, and car was proposed to be powered by a 140 hp engine.

Tata Aria Coupe
This car is built on the TATA Aria concept. The TATA Aria Coupé was proposed to be powered by a  1.6 litre - 2.0-litre petrol engine and was styled in Italy.

See also
 Tata Hexa
 Tata Xover

References

Aria
Category:Cars introduced in 2010
Category:Crossover sport utility vehicles
Category:Tata Motors
Category:2010s cars


Trident (spacecraft)

Trident is a space mission concept to the outer planets proposed in 2019 to NASA's Discovery program. The concept includes flybys of Jupiter and Neptune with a focus on Neptune's largest moon Triton.

In 2020, Trident was selected along with three other Discovery proposals for further study, with one or two expected to be selected to fly.

History

Triton is the largest moon of Neptune. In 1989, Voyager 2 flew past the moon at a distance of , and discovered several cryovolcanoes on its surface. Triton is geologically active, its surface is young and has relatively few impact craters. It has a very thin atmosphere.

The Trident concept was proposed in March 2019 to NASA's Discovery Program. The mission concept is supported by NASA's Ocean Worlds Exploration Program and it is intended to help answer some of the questions generated by Voyager 2's flyby in 1989.

Overview

Trident takes advantage of a rare, efficient gravity assist alignment of the outer planets, to capitalize on a narrow observational window that enables assessment of changes in Triton's plume activity and surface characteristics since the previous encounter of Neptune-Triton by Voyager 2 in 1989.

With the advances of high-resolution imaging and a unique orbital configuration of Triton in 2038, Trident would be able to obtain a near-complete map of the Neptune's moon during its sole flyby. Trident would pass through Triton's thin atmosphere, within  of the surface, sampling its ionosphere with a plasma spectrometer and perform magnetic induction measurements to assess the potential existence of an internal ocean.  The Principal Investigator is Louise Prockter, director of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.

Payload

Objects that Trident would visit

See also
Argo, a 2009 Triton flyby mission concept
New Horizons probe, performed a Pluto flyby in 2015
New Horizons 2, a mission proposed in 2002 which might have included a Triton flyby
Triton Hopper, a lander concept to Triton

References

Category:Discovery program proposals
Category:Proposed NASA space probes
Category:Missions to Neptune
Category:Triton (moon)


Lewis Burwell Puller Jr.

Lewis Burwell Puller Jr. (August 18, 1945 – May 11, 1994) was an attorney and a United States Marine Corps officer who was severely wounded in the Vietnam War. He won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for his autobiography Fortunate Son.

Life and career
Lewis Burwell Puller Jr. was the son of Lt. General Lewis "Chesty" Puller, the most decorated Marine in the history of the U.S. Marine Corps. He followed in his father's footsteps and became a Marine officer.

Puller graduated high school from Christchurch School in Christchurch, Virginia, in 1963 and from the College of William and Mary in 1967. He received orders to South Vietnam in July 1968, where he served as an Infantry Platoon Commander for three months. On October 11, 1968, his rifle jammed during an engagement with North Vietnamese troops; Puller was wounded when he tripped a booby-trapped howitzer round, losing his right leg at the hip, his left leg above the knee, his left hand and most of his fingers on his right hand in the explosion.

The shell riddled his body with shrapnel, and he lingered near death for days with his weight dropping to 55 pounds, but he survived. Puller later recalled the first time his father saw him in the hospital. He described how his father broke down weeping and that hurt him more than any of his physical injuries. Those who knew him say that it was primarily because of his iron will and his stubborn refusal to die that he survived. He was medically discharged from the Marine Corps. He was awarded the Silver Star Medal, the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal, two Purple Heart Medals, and the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross for his service in the Marine Corps.

For years after he returned to a reasonably sound physical condition, the emotional ground underneath him remained shaky, though he earned a law degree, had two children with the woman he had married before going to Vietnam, and raised a family. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1974 and began working as a lawyer for the Veteran's Administration and on President Gerald Ford's clemency board. He mounted a campaign for Congress in 1978 as a Democrat in Virginia but lost in a landslide with only 28% of the vote against incumbent Republican Congressman Paul Trible. Throughout the years, he battled periods of despondency and drank heavily until 1981, when he underwent treatment for alcoholism. Despite that treatment, Puller continued to suffer severe depression and occasional bouts of alcoholism.

Puller told the story of his ordeal and its aftermath in his 1991 autobiography, Fortunate Son: The Autobiography of Lewis B. Puller Jr., published by Grove Press.
The account ended with Puller triumphing over his physical disabilities and becoming emotionally at peace with himself. The following year he won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The title of this autobiography was borrowed from the song "Fortunate Son" by Creedence Clearwater Revival, to which he gives credit in the opening pages.

According to friends and associates, Puller spent the last months of his life in turmoil. He left his job as a lawyer at the Pentagon to accept a teaching position at George Mason University. In the days leading up to his death, Puller fought a losing battle with the alcoholism that he had kept at bay for 13 years, and struggled with a more recent addiction, to painkillers initially prescribed to dull continuing pain from his wounds.

Death and aftermath
Puller died from a self-inflicted gunshot on May 11, 1994. He and his wife, Linda T. "Toddy" Puller, had separated in 1991.

Puller's name is not listed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, which is reserved for those who died or who are listed as missing in action. However, his name is listed on the nearby In Memory Memorial Plaque, which represents those veterans, like Puller, who "died after their service in the Vietnam war, but as a direct result of that service, and whose names are not otherwise eligible for placement on the memorial wall."

Terry Anderson, a former Associated Press journalist, who was held hostage in Lebanon, recalled the same hope he had had for his friend, Puller. "This is a man who had so many burdens, so many things to bear. And he bore them well for 25 years," he said. "What did I miss?" Anderson asked. "I was his friend. I thought he was winning".

In a statement, Puller's wife, Toddy said, "Our family has been moved and humbled by the outpouring of affection for Lewis. The many acts of kindness from our friends across the country have helped us in this very difficult time. It is clear that Lewis affected the lives of people in ways that we never knew."  Of her deceased husband, she said, "To the list of names of victims of the Vietnam War, add the name of Lewis Puller ... He suffered terrible wounds that never really healed". In 1991, she was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates.

In addition to his wife, Puller's survivors included their two children, Lewis III and Maggie, his twin sister, Martha Downs, and sister, Virginia Dabney.

On Veterans Day 2010, "The Lewis B. Puller Jr. Veterans Benefits Clinic" at The College of William & Mary Law School was named in honor of Puller.

Awards
During his military career, Puller earned the Silver Star, two Purple Hearts, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry.

References

External links

Category:1945 births
Category:1994 deaths
Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Category:American military personnel who committed suicide
Category:Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
Category:Suicides by firearm in Virginia
Category:United States Marine Corps officers
Category:American Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Category:College of William & Mary alumni
Category:Recipients of the Silver Star
Category:George Mason University faculty
Category:Male suicides
Category:Military personnel from North Carolina
Category:Military personnel from Virginia
Category:People from Jacksonville, North Carolina
Category:Virginia lawyers
Category:Writers from Virginia
Category:People from Camp Lejeune, North Carolina


Jackson Township, Anderson County, Kansas

Jackson Township is a township in Anderson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 459.

History
Jackson Township was established in 1857.

Geography
Jackson Township covers an area of  and contains no incorporated settlements, though the county seat of Garnett sits on the township's eastern border with Monroe Township.  According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Amish and Pleasantville.

The streams of Cedar Creek, Fish Creek, Iantha Creek and Sac Creek run through this township.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Category:Townships in Anderson County, Kansas
Category:Townships in Kansas
Category:1857 establishments in Kansas Territory


Nižný Slavkov

Nižný Slavkov is a village and municipality in Sabinov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.

History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1214.

Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 516 metres and covers an area of 23.142 km². It has a population of about 790 people.

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20100202015957/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html

Category:Villages and municipalities in Sabinov District
Category:Šariš


Thomas Laxton

Thomas Laxton (1830 – 6 August 1893) was a plant breeder and a correspondent of Charles Darwin, best known for his hybridisation of peas.

Thomas Laxton was born in the village of Tinwell, Rutland in 1830. He practised as a solicitor in Stamford before his interest in horticulture led him to become an authority on plant hybridisation. By 1858 Laxton was breeding plants. Initially he worked from St Mary's Hill, Stamford and corresponded with Charles Darwin from this address. Early correspondence with Darwin referred to Laxton's work on hybridising peas. Laxton applied scientific methods to plant breeding, making careful observations of parent plants. He recognised the susceptibility of plants to disease and resistance of these diseases by their American counterparts.

Laxton made observations on gooseberries and Darwin corresponded with him during the 1860s and 1870s on his work. He is probably widely remembered for his contribution to strawberry breeding. In 1872 he began to introduce strawberry varieties from his plant breeding work. Laxton moved the business to Bedford in 1879 and in 1885 Kelly's Directory identifies him as a 'seed grower and merchant' listed at 1 Harpur Place, Bedford. In 1884 he introduced his first major strawberry success 'Noble' a chance seedling of 'Excelsior' and 'American Sharpless'. Followed by 'King of the Earlies' in 1888. These two varieties formed the parentage of Laxton’s 'Royal Sovereign strawberry' in 1892.

Laxton married twice, with three daughters from his first marriage and four sons from his second marriage. Two sons, William Hudson Lowe Laxton (1866–1923) and Edward Augustine Lowe Laxton MBE (1869–1951) went into partnership to form Laxton Brothers in 1888. Thomas Laxton died in August 1893. The brothers recognised their father's horticultural contribution by introducing the pea 'Thomas Laxton' in his honour in 1898.

References

Category:English botanists
Category:English horticulturists
Category:Plant breeding
Category:1830 births
Category:1893 deaths
Category:People from Rutland
Category:Charles Darwin
Category:19th-century British botanists


Andre Anderson

Andre Anderson or Andre Andersen may refer to:

Andre Anderson (boxer) (1890–1926), American boxer
André Anderson (born 1988), American football player
André Anderson (footballer) (born 1999), Brazilian association football player
André Andersen (born 1961), Russian instrumentalist and composer
Andre Anderson (gridiron football) (born 1955), Canadian gridiron football player

See also
Andree Anderson (active 1957–1959), American figure skater


Stonebarrow

Stonebarrow is a coastal hill and sea cliff in the county of Dorset on the south coast of England. It is a well known fossil hunting location, close to the coastal village of Charmouth.

Geography

Stonebarrow is located about  east of Charmouth and  west of the hamlet of Seatown. Stonebarrow Hill reaches an elevation of about 155 metres. The cliff face, part of which is known as Cain's Folly, is about 140 metres high, which is about 50 metres lower than the neighbouring Golden Cap, the highest cliff on the South Coast of England. Rock falls occur on the cliff face very frequently, continually exposing new fossils. There are a couple of examples of biological weathering, especially on the sandy-soils on lower-lying cliffs.

Geology
The Stonebarrow cliffs are of Jurassic age, becoming geologically younger further east (the rocks of Golden Cap are early Cretaceous). The bottom of Stonebarrow is home to the Black Ven Marls a layer of rocks similar to those of Black Ven. Slightly higher are the Belemnite Marls, where a number of belemnites can be found. Slightly higher up is the Green Ammonite beds, where fossils of a species of ammonite exist. Higher still are Eype Clay, Upper Greensand and younger Cretaceous rocks.

See also
Geology of Dorset
Lyme Regis

References
Clarke, Nigel J. (2004) Lyme Bay Fossils: Jurassic Beach Guide. Nigel J. Clarke Publications.

Category:Geology of Dorset
Category:Jurassic Coast


HMS Bangor (J00)

HMS Bangor was a  of the Royal Navy that served during the Second World War. She was built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Govan, Scotland. Bangor was the lead vessel of her class and one of the diesel-engined versions. She was ordered on 12 July 1939, laid down on 19 September 1939, launched on 23 May 1940, and commissioned on 7 November 1940.

Wartime service
On 18 November 1940 Bangor was assigned to the 9th Minesweeping Flotilla (MSF) based at Scapa Flow. On 12 February she was bombed whilst in the Moray Firth. No damage was done but her W/T was out of action and she retired to Aberdeen for repairs.

In March 1941, the 9th MSF transferred to the Portsmouth Command. On the morning of 19 May, Bangor and a group of minesweeping trawlers were attacked by nine Messerschmitt Bf 109s. Three bombs were dropped, aimed at Bangor, Darthema and Computator from a  low attack. Darthema and Computator both suffered minor damage from near misses with no casualties. Bangor and Darthema claimed to have damaged two of the aircraft, which both retired southwards, making smoke and losing height. In December 1941 the flotilla moved its centre of operation to Harwich.

In August 1942 Bangor was involved in Operation Jubilee - the raid on Dieppe. As a large area off Dieppe was believed to have been mined by the enemy, the minesweepers opened proceedings for the raid. During the afternoon of 18 August, the 9th and 13th MSFs sailed separately from Portsmouth for the vicinity of Beachy Head, so as to give the impression that one was carrying out a clearance sweep in the area, the other proceeding on passage up the channel. The 9th Flotilla commenced sweeping at 00:03 and at 01:05 turned to port and got in sweeps; the 13th Flotilla began 8 minutes earlier and finished at 00:51. Everything went without a hitch; the channel was about four cables wide, clearly marked on both sides and at the ends; only one mine was seen. The Flotillas then manoeuvred to keep clear of the approaching expedition and soon after 05:00 turned for home, setting flag Dan buoys to mark the channels in daylight on the way back. They returned in company to Portsmouth, having carried out their work with efficiency and precision.

In June 1944, Bangor was involved in Operation Neptune - the naval component of the D-Day landings in Normandy. The 9th Flotilla was part of Force J, sweeping channels. In the post assault phase the Flotilla was part of Task Force 129, which sailed from Portland on the night 24/25 June with the intention of bombarding Cherbourg. At 11:55 the minesweepers of Unit 1 (the 9th MSF) made their turn to sweep Fire Support Area 3, closely followed by the bombarding ships of group 1. As they entered the area they came under heavy fire; the German batteries had evidently been waiting until they were well within range. The destroyers, screening on the flanks, made smoke, but the enemy fire increased and after sweeping just three miles (half the intended distance) the minesweepers was forced to withdraw northwards.

In May 1945 Bangor was involved in minesweeping operations to Norway, and in June was one of five Bangor-class minesweepers offered to the Royal Norwegian Navy on loan. She was transferred on 11 November 1945. In October 1946 the Norwegian government decided to retain Bangor by purchase and was renamed Glomma.

References

 Warships of World War II, by H. T. Lenton & J. J. Colledge, pub. Ian Allan Ltd.
 HMS Bangor (J.00) - uboat.net
 HMS Bangor history - www.royal-marines.mod.uk

Category:Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Navy
Category:Ships built in Govan
Category:1940 ships
Category:World War II minesweepers of the United Kingdom
Category:Ships built by Harland and Wolff


They're Made Out of Meat

"They're Made Out of Meat" is a short story by American writer Terry Bisson. It was originally published in OMNI. It consists entirely of dialogue between two characters. Bisson's website hosts a theatrical adaptation. A film adaptation won the Grand Prize at the Seattle Science Fiction Museum's 2006 film festival.

The story was collected in the 1993 anthology Bears Discover Fire and Other Stories, and has circulated widely on the Internet, which Bisson finds "flattering". It has been quoted in cognitive, cosmological, and philosophical scholarship.

Plot

The two characters are intelligent beings capable of traveling faster than light, on a mission to "contact, welcome and log in any and all sentient races or multibeings in this quadrant of the Universe." Bisson's stage directions represent them as "two lights moving like fireflies among the stars" on a projection screen. One of them tells the incredulous other about the recent discovery of carbon-based lifeforms "made up entirely of meat". After conversing briefly about it, they both deem such beings and communication with them too bizarre and agree to "erase the records and forget the whole thing", marking the Solar System "unoccupied".

Film adaptations

They're Made out of Meat (2005)
In 2005, Stephen O'Regan wrote and directed a live film adaptation starring Tom Noonan and Ben Bailey. The film was made as a final project for the New York Film Academy. The main action takes place inside of a diner full of teenagers. The music for the film was scored by Bob Reynolds.

They're Made out of Meat (2010)
In 2010, Jeff Frumess and Trevor Scott wrote and directed their own iteration, adding the character of a homeless conspiracy theorist with an original score by musician Sam Belkin. The film was shot at the Hartsdale train platform on the Merto North in Westchester, NY.

Music
In 2015, musical producer Jose Hoffman created a song based on the story.

See also
 Carbon chauvinism
 Zoo hypothesis
 Fables for Robots – a collection of short stories where humans and other organic life are looked upon similarly

References

External links
"They're Made Out of Meat" - the text of the short story.
A directory of 10+ short film adaptations from 2006 on
2010 Short film adaptation.
2006/2011 Short film adaptation.
Short film adaptation
2012 production as a radio play (WNYC)

Category:1991 short stories
Category:Artificial intelligence in fiction
Category:Brain–computer interfacing in fiction
Category:Science fiction comedy
Category:Fiction portraying humans as aliens
Category:Short stories adapted into films
Category:Short stories by Terry Bisson
Category:Science fiction theatre
Category:Works originally published in Omni (magazine)


Piano Circus (album)

Piano Circus is the self-titled debut by the piano ensemble Piano Circus. It was released by Argo Records in 1992.

Track listing
It consists of four tracks:
 Chris Fitkin -- Sextet (6.58)
 Michael Nyman -- 1-100 (21.59)
 Tim Seddon -- 16 (4:41)
 Simon Rackham -- Which ever way your nose bends (31.04)

Total running time: 65.02

Personnel
Kirsteen Davidson-Kelly
Richard Harris
Kate Heath
Max Richter
Ginny Strawson
Michael Haslam (track 1)
John Wood (tracks 2-4)

Recorded for Argo by 'Another Complete Fabrication' at The Mill, Cookham, in April 1990, and at Surrey Sound, Leatherhead, in April 1991 (Sextet)

Producer: Andrew Cornall
Publisher: Kelly Music (1-100)
Art Direction: David Smart
Design: Russell Warren-Fischer
Photography: Malcolm Heyood, Alan Fox, Robert Willis
Catalog number 433-522-2

Category:1992 classical albums


Baja

Baja or Bája may refer to:

Places and jurisdictions

In the Americas
 Baja California Peninsula, in northwestern Mexico
 Baja California state in the northern part of the above peninsula
 Baja California Sur state in the southern part of the above peninsula
 Baja Verapaz, department of Guatemala

In Europe
 Bája, Hungarian name of Baia in Suceava County, Romania, a former capital and bishopric of Moldavia
 Baja, Hungary, city

People
 Nedeljko Bajić Baja, ethnically Bosnian Serbian singer
 Baja Mali Knindža, Bosnian Serb folk singer
 Baja Tamindžić, Serbian football goalkeeper

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Baja (film), a 2018 American film
 Baja: Edge of Control, a 2008 video game
 "Baja", a 1963 song by The Astronauts
 "Baja", a 1993 song by Böhse Onkelz from Schwarz
 "Baja", a 1999 song by Sasha from Xpander

Automobiles
 Baja bug, car originated for racing
 Subaru Baja, Subaru crossover automobile

Sports
 Baja SAE, the SAE Mini Baja Competition
 Baja 1000, a Mexican rally raid race
 Italian Baja, Italian rally raid race

Other uses
 Baja Jacket, a long-sleeved hooded pullover (garment)
 Patella baja, also known as attenuated patella alta, a pathology of the patella
 Baja Fresh, a Tex-Mex restaurant chain
 Baja Blast, a Taco Bell exclusive flavor of Mountain Dew
 Baja (plant), a genus of ferns

See also

 Baha (disambiguation)
 Baja California (disambiguation)
 Bajan (disambiguation)


Fontibón

Fontibon is the 9th locality of Bogotá. It is located in the west of the city. This district is mostly inhabited by middle class residents.

Etymology
The origin of the city's name can be traced to the Muisca cacique Huintiva or Hyntiba (meaning "powerful cacique" in Muysccubun) and the mutation of the word to its present spelling, being this among other names such as Ontibon and Hontibón.

History
Fontibón was part of the southern Muisca Confederation in the times before the Spanish conquest. It was incorporated into the newly formed capital district of Bogotá on December 17, 1954. Fontibon was the gate to the current city of Bogotá founded as Santa Fe de Bogotá, for conquistador Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada and his fellow expeditioners.

The city was cradle to the residence of Peter Claver. Little by little the community became one of the most idolizing and religious. The city started to expand, and in the sixteenth century it was divided into 22 "capitanias". Fontibon's original maps constitute one of Colombia's oldest documents. In the year 1956, Fontibon was merged with Bogotá, losing its status as "associate town".

Economy
The neighborhood has the headquarters of SATENA.

Monuments
 Fontibón Cathedral
 San Antonio Bridge

Transportation
The city is still far away from Bogota's major mass transport system, the TransMilenio. Fontibon's main highway leads to Medellín.

References

External links

 Official website

Category:Localities of Bogotá
Category:Muysccubun


Brigitte Swoboda

Brigitte Swoboda (1 February 1943 - 24 June 2019) was an Austrian actor.

Early life
Brigitte Swoboda was born in the Brigittenau district of Vienna in 1943. She grew up in the Innere Stadt, the first municipal District of Vienna. As a child, she knew she wanted to be either a pianist or an actress. Although she started an apprenticeship as a graphic designer, at 17 she began a career in the theater. She remained an amateur actor stayed for a long time with the "Neuen Wiener Bühne" (New Viennese Stage).

Career
Her break came in 1969, when she played the part of Birgit in Wolfgang Bauer's first play, Magic Afternoon at the Viennese Ateliertheatre. Brigitte Swoboda was awarded the Kainz-Medaille for her work in this role.

Swoboda was discovered by Gustav Manker in 1969 and became involved with the People's theater of Vienna. She debuted as Salome Pockerl, the partner of Helmut Qualtinger in Nestroy's The Talisman. In this role, Swoboda broke with tradition. In the words of one journalist, "Swoboda was not a cute Rousseauen creature" but rather "lost through sheer negligence, a most uncomfortably cut proletarian, a shadowy growth from the lowest depths, a discarded changeling from a stable full of city teenagers". The well known couplet, Ja, die Männer hab’n ’s gut! (Yes, men have it so good!), sounded "so dangerous, as if it was scratched with a rusty knife". (Süddeutsche Zeitung)

After this performance, Swoboda played the role of nurse Riki in the premiere of Wolfgang Bauers Change (1969). Swoboda became a popular folk actress and played alongside Heinz Petters, Dolores Schmidinger and Hilde Sochor as part of the famous Nestroy ensemble at the People's Theater in several productions, including Heimliches Geld, heimliche Liebe (Secret Money, Secret Love, 1972), Gegen Torheit gibt es kein Mittel (There Are No Means against Folly, 1973), Umsonst! (For Nothing!, 1974) and Das Gewürzkrämerkleeblatt (literally: The Spice Seller, 1977).

Swoboda appeared in productions at the Altwiener Volkstheaters (Old Viennese People's Theater) of plays by Ferdinand Raimund, playing such parts as Rosa in Der Verschwender (The Squanderer), Linda in Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel (The Barometer Maker on the Magic Island) and Ludwig Anzengruber (Pepi Schlanater in Das vierte Gebot (The Fourth Commandment), 1970). She brought out the main points in the premieres from Peter Turrini (Die Wirtin, (The Landlady) 1975), Walter Wippersberg (Was haben vom Lebe, (What a Life) 1976), Franz Xaver Kroetz (Nicht Fisch, nicht Fleisch (Not Fish, Not Meat) 1980), Heinz Rudolf Unger (Zwölfeläuten (The Twelfth Ring) , 1984) and Felix Mitterer (Kein schöner Land (No Land more Beautiful), 1987).

Swoboda remained part of the People's Theater ensemble until her retirement in 2003. She was appointed an honorary member.

Swoboda was known through television appearances, including as Frau Wybiral in Der neue Untermieter (The New Sublet) and in her role as groundskeeper Koziber in the cult classic, Kaisermühlen Blues.

More recently she performed at her home theater, among others, in Nestroy's  Das Mädl aus der Vorstadt (The Girl from the Suburb), Der böse Geist Lumpazivagabundus (The Evil Spirit Lumpazivagabundus) and in Broch's Die Erzählung der Magd Zerline (The Story of the Maid Zerline).

She starred in the 2017 production of Meine Innere Stadt produced by the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (2017).

Brigitte Swoboda died at the age of 76 in June 2019 at a hospital in Kittsee in Burgenland after a long illness. She is to be buried at her last place of residence, Apetlon, in the Neusiedl am See District.

Film and Television

 1970: Fall Regine Kraus (TV)
 1972: The Good Soldier Švejk (TV Series), starring Fritz Muliar
 1972: Der letzte Werkelmann (The Last Organ Grinder)
 1976: Der junge Freud (Yong Dr. Freud, television)
 1976:  (Jakob the Last, TV)
 1977: Die Alpensaga, Teil 3 - das große Fest (The saga of the Alps, part 3 - the big festival, TV)
 1980: Tatort (TV Series: Episode: Morder by guessing)
 1981: Der Bockerer
 1983: Der gute Engel (The good angel, TV)
 1988: Wiener Walzer (Viennese waltz, TV)
 1992-2000: Kaisermühlen Blues (TV series)
 2000: Lumpazivagabundus (TV)
 2001: Inspector Rex (Episode: The Girl and the Murderer, TV series)
 2006: Feine Dame

Theater

 2003: Anatevka (Volksoper): Golde
 2010: Lilliom (Volkstheatre)

Radio Plays

 2008: Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach: Das Gemeindekind (The Community Child) Directed by: Götz Fritsch

Awards
 1969: Kainz-Medaille - Promotional Award
 1970/1971: Karl-Skraup-Preis - Young Talent Award
 1976/1977: Karl-Skraup-Preis - Best Performance
 1989: Ehrenmedaille der Bundeshauptstadt Wien (Medal of Honor of the capital city Vienna) - Silver
 1993/1994: Karl-Skraup-Preis - Best Supporting Role
 1996: Nestroy-Ring
 2004: Silver Decoration for Service to the State of Vienna

References

External links
 Brigitte Swoboda on IMDb

Category:Austrian film actresses
Category:Austrian stage actresses
Category:Audiobook narrators
Category:1943 births
Category:2019 deaths


Hiroshi Yamazaki

__NOTOC__ was a Japanese photographer whose works concentrate on the sun and the sea.

Born in Nagano on 21 September 1946, Yamazaki studied at Nihon University but dropped out in 1968, starting out as a freelance cameraman a year later, working in both still photography and 16mm film.

Yamazaki is best known for two series. "Heliography" uses long exposures to show the path of the sun near the horizon. "Horizon" (Suiheisen saishū) is a study of sea horizons.

Yamazaki won the 26th Ina Nobuo Award in 2001.

Yamazaki became a full professor at Tohoku University of Art and Design in 1993, and also taught at Musashino Art University and TPO Photo School.

He died on 5 June 2017 of cancer of the gums.

Solo exhibitions by Yamazaki
"Observation". Galleria Grafica (Tokyo), 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979.
Exhibition of 16mm work. Underground Cinématheque (Tokyo), 1976.
Exhibition. Box Gallery (Nagoya), 1981.
"Optical Landscape on Movie". Image Forum (Tokyo), 1982.
"Yamazaki Hiroshi 1972–82". Zeit Foto Salon (Tokyo), 1982.
"Ten Points Heliography". Konishiroku Photo Gallery (Tokyo), 1982.
"Heliography Day and Year". Ginza Nikon Salon (Tokyo), 1982.
"Optical Landscape". Nagase Photo Salon (Tokyo), and elsewhere, 1983, 1987, 1989.
"Suiheisen saishū". Polaroid Gallery (Tokyo), 1984.
"Suiheisen saishū II". Olympus Gallery (Tokyo); Picture Photo Space (Osaka), 1984.
"Fix and Movement" (movie exhibition). Funabashi Seibu Art Spot (Funabashi), 1990.
"Sakura". Zeit Foto Salon (Tokyo), 1990.
"Critical Landscape". Hillside Gallery (Tokyo), 1990.
"Yamazaki Hiroshi 1969–1992". Plaza Gallery (Tokyo), 1993.
"Sakura – Equivalent". Hosomi Gallery (Tokyo), Temporary Space (Sapporo), 1993.
"Walking Works". Gallery Art Graph (Tokyo), 1994.
"Suiheisen saishū III". Contax Salon (Tokyo), 1994.
"Cherry Blossom". Ginza Nikon Salon (Tokyo), Osaka Nikon Salon (Osaka), 2001.
"Yamazaki Hiroshi Early Works" 1969–1974". Place M (Tokyo), 2002.
"Cherry Blossom". Shinjuku Nikon Salon (Tokyo), Osaka Nikon Salon (Osaka), 2005.
"Ugoku shashin! Tomaru Eiga!!". Creation Gallery G8, Guardian Garden (Tokyo), 2009.

Publications by Yamazaki

Books by Yamazaki
Heliography. Tokyo: Seikyūsha 1983. Text in both Japanese and English.
Suiheisen saishū: Yamazaki Hiroshi shashinshū () / Horizon. Tokyo: Rikuyōsha, 1984.
Hiroshi Yamazaki: Critical landscape. Tokyo: Hillside Gallery, 1990.

Other books with work by Yamazaki
Shashin toshi Tōkyō () / Tokyo / City of Photos. Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, 1995. Catalogue of an exhibition held in 1995. (Other photographers whose work appears are Takanobu Hayashi, Hiroh Kikai, Ryūji Miyamoto, Daidō Moriyama, Shigeichi Nagano, Ikkō Narahara, Mitsugu Ōnishi, Masato Seto, Issei Suda, Akihide Tamura, and Tokuko Ushioda.) Captions and texts in both Japanese and English.
Stack, Trudy Wilner, ed. Sea change: The seascape in contemporary photography. Tucson, Ariz.: Center for Creative Photography, 1999.

Publications about Yamazaki
Yamazaki Hiroshi, "Ugoku shashin! Tomaru eiga!!" (). Time Tunnel series, vol. 28. Tokyo: Guardian Garden, 2009.

Notes

External links
Goldberg, Vicki. "Threatened but unruffled, a persistent beauty in sea, sky and sand." New York Times 25 June 1999. A review of "Sea Change: The Seascape in Contemporary Photography" (International Center of Photography).
Hiroshi Yamazaki within "Sea Change"

Category:1946 births
Category:Japanese photographers
Category:People from Nagano Prefecture
Category:Nihon University alumni
Category:2017 deaths


Ampelocissus concinna

Ampelocissus concinna is a climbing vine or liana in the grape family native to Angola.

References

concinna
Category:Plants described in 1868
Category:Flora of Angola


Tehuantepec District

Tehuantepec District is located in the west of the Istmo Region of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
It includes the cities of Salina Cruz and Tehuantepec.

Gallery

Municipalities

The district includes the following municipalities:

References

Category:Districts of Oaxaca
Category:Istmo de Tehuantepec


Połom, Olecko County

Połom  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świętajno, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Świętajno,  west of Olecko, and  east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).

References

Category:Villages in Olecko County
Category:Populated places in Bratunac

pl:Połom (powiat szczycieński)


Yathartha Pictures

Yathartha Pictures, also abbreviated as  or YaPi, is a YouTube channel launched in 2015. A video featuring 7 Hijras (trans women) singing the National Anthem of India created by this channel went viral in August, 2015.

History
YaPi published their first YouTube video "Can you tear up the Tricolour for 1000 INR" on 24 January 2015 to celebrate the 66th Republic Day of India which was shared by many e-papers and blogs. They created another video titled 'Bharatiya... Hum Bhi Hai' in August, 2015 to celebrate the 69th Independence Day of India as well as the NALSA Judgement of 2014. The video showed 7 Hijras dressed in outfits or uniforms of various professions and singing the National Anthem of India. The Hijras featured in the video were brought together by the Humsafar Trust, a Mumbai-based NGO which promotes LGBT rights. The video went viral in no time and was featured in all leading news papers, e-papers and blogs in India for being the first National Anthem video sung by Hijras as well as for showing how Hijras would look if they get the chance to take up any dignified career.

References

Category:YouTube channels


Gerahty

Gerahty is a surname, and may refer to:

 Charles Cyril Gerahty (1888–1978), British colonial judge
 Digby George Gerahty (1898–1981), English novelist
 Peter Gerahty (1921–2013), British Army officer


Skatole

Skatole or 3-methylindole is an organic compound belonging to the indole family. It occurs naturally in and, in high concentrations, is the primary odor of feces. In low concentrations, it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, including those of orange blossoms, jasmine, and Ziziphus mauritiana.

It is used as a fragrance and fixative in many perfumes and as an aroma compound. Its name derives from the Greek root skato-, meaning "feces".  Skatole was discovered in 1877 by the German physician Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919).

Biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and reactions
Skatole is derived from the amino acid tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract.  Tryptophan is converted to indoleacetic acid, which decarboxylates to give the methylindole.

Skatole can be synthesized via the Fischer indole synthesis.

It gives a violet color upon treatment with potassium ferrocyanide.

Insect attractant

Skatole is one of many compounds that are attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, which apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait for these bees for study. It is also known for being an attractant for the Tasmanian grass grub beetle (Aphodius tasmaniae).

Skatole has been shown to be an attractant to gravid mosquitoes in both field and laboratory conditions.  Because this compound is present in feces, it is found in combined sewage overflows (CSO) as streams and lakes containing CSO water have untreated human and industrial waste.  Knowledge of this attractant makes CSO sites of particular interest when studying mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus.

Animal studies
Skatole has been shown to cause pulmonary edema in goats, sheep, rats, and some strains of mice. It appears to selectively target club cells, which are the major site of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the lungs. These enzymes convert skatole to a reactive intermediate, 3-methyleneindolenine, which damages cells by forming protein adducts (see fog fever).

With the testicular steroid androstenone, skatole is regarded as a principal determinant of boar taint.

It contributes to bad breath.

Application
Skatole is the starting material in the synthesis of atiprosin.

See also
 Indole
 1-Methylindole
 2-Methylindole (methylketol)
 5-Methylindole
 7-Methylindole
 Cadaverine

References

External links
 What's that smell?

Category:Methyl indoles
Category:Foul-smelling chemicals
Category:Perfume ingredients


Hubert Schwyzer

Hubert R. G. Schwyzer (March 16, 1935 - June 22, 2006) was an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was known for his research on Kantian philosophy.

Life
He was born in Vienna, Austria, on March 16, 1935, to Georg Clemens Schwyzer, a physician, and Elisabeth Schuh Schwyzer. The family was forced to leave Austria nine months after the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. Hubert grew up in England and attended a Jesuit boarding school before joining the Royal Air Force, where he served from 1953 to 1955. He received a degree in philosophy from Reading University in 1958. In 1959 he came to the United States for graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley and earned his doctorate in 1968. He taught at the University of Alberta for two years from 1963 to 1965, and then at University of California, Santa Barbara from 1965 until his retirement in 2002.

Family
He is the father of Hugo Schwyzer and Philip Schwyzer. His first wife, Alison Schwyzer was a professor of philosophy at Monterey Peninsula College.

Books
 The Unity of Understanding: A Study in Kantian Problems, Clarendon Press-Oxford 1990

References

Category:20th-century American philosophers
Category:Kant scholars
Category:Philosophy academics
Category:1935 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni


Retravision

Retravision is a Western Australian-based consumer electronics retailer of computers, technology products, home entertainment products, laundry and kitchen appliances, air-conditioning products, small appliances and homewares. The retailer was founded in 1961 in Osborne Park, Western Australia. Currently there are 21 stores across Australia, 19 stores in Western Australia, one in South Australia and one in the Northern Territory.

References

External links
 Retravision website
Categories
Consumer electronics retailers of Australia
1961 establishments in Australia
Retail companies established in 1961

Category:Consumer electronics retailers of Australia
Category:1961 establishments in Australia
Category:Retail companies established in 1961