Cherry (wrestler)

Kara Elizabeth Drew (born July 15, 1975) is an American retired  professional wrestler and valet, best known under the ring name Cherry. She worked for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as the manager of former Tag Team Champions, Deuce 'n Domino, and as a performer for its SmackDown brand.

After becoming interested in wrestling, Drew worked on the independent circuit under the ring names Miss Kara and Kara Slice. She was assigned to WWE's developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) in Louisville, Kentucky in 2005, to continue her wrestling training. While situated at OVW, she used the name Cherry Pie, and she was the manager of the group known as "The Throw-Backs" and later as "The Untouchables", consisting of Deuce Shade and Dice Domino. Cherry managed them to three reigns as OVW Southern Tag Team Champions.

After signing with WWE, the group were called up to the SmackDown! roster in January 2007, where the team underwent a name change to Deuce 'n Domino. Cherry managed the team to one reign as WWE Tag Team Champions. In April 2008 she made her WWE singles debut and parted ways with Deuce and Domino the following month. She continued working in singles and tag team competition, before being released from her WWE contract in August 2008.

Professional wrestling career

Early career (1999–2005)
Drew grew up in Morristown, New Jersey. She became a fan of professional wrestling after watching the first WrestleMania event in 1985. Her favorite wrestlers included Miss Elizabeth and Macho Man Randy Savage. Drew never thought she would get the opportunity to become a professional wrestler, but one of her co-workers was related to the founder and promoter of Stars and Stripes Championship Wrestling based in Nutley, New Jersey, where she debuted under the ring name Miss Kara.

She was invited to attend Independent Wrestling Federation (IWF) shows by Kevin Knight and received an "up close and personal" look from a "behind the scenes" perspective. In January 1999, Drew began working as a manager in IWF. She worked as a manager and an occasional wrestler in various federations on the East Coast, including East Coast Pro Wrestling (ECPW), the National Wrestling Alliance in New Jersey, ISPW, State-Side Championship Wrestling and Northeast Wrestling.

In 2002, she worked for National Wrestling Superstars, and later with Phoenix Championship Wrestling, where she feuded with Alexis Laree. By 2003, she was working primarily as a singles competitor. She wrestled in various independent promotions until September 2005. The same year, Drew started wrestling for Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), the developmental territory for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), and relocated to Louisville, Kentucky.

World Wrestling Entertainment

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2005–2007)
In late 2005, Drew began working for OVW. She eventually signed a developmental contract with WWE in January 2006.

Drew used the ring name "Cherry Pie" and was the manager of the tag team The Throw-Backs, comprising Deuce Shade and Dice Domino, the latter of whom was her storyline brother, in OVW. She became part of their 1950s in-ring persona, wearing poodle skirts and roller skates and chewing gum at all times.

In mid-2006, during their time together, the team underwent an image change, including changing their name to "The Untouchables" and dropping Pie, Dice, and Shade from their respective names. In late 2006, the team of Shawn Spears and Cody Runnels defeated The Untouchables in a tag team match and won the services of Cherry. Cherry accompanied Spears and Runnels to ringside, and soon Spears began to have a crush on her, which began interfering in their matches. Cherry betrayed Spears and Runnels, however, and helped Deuce and Domino win the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship. In January 2007, Cherry twice challenged Katie Lea for the OVW Women's Championship unsuccessfully.

SmackDown! (2007–2008)

For their first match with WWE, where they debuted on the SmackDown! brand, the team underwent a name change to "Deuce 'n Domino". They debuted on the January 19, 2007, episode, where she managed Deuce 'n Domino in a tag team match, which Deuce 'n Domino won. During this time that Cherry was rarely physically involved in their matches. On the April 20 episode of SmackDown!, Cherry was in the corner of Deuce 'n Domino when they won the WWE Tag Team Championship by defeating Paul London and Brian Kendrick.

On the October 12 episode of SmackDown!, in a backstage segment, Jamie Noble revealed to Deuce and Domino that he had heard Jimmy Wang Yang making suggestive comments about Cherry. Later that episode, Yang defeated Deuce in a singles match. After the match, however, Deuce 'n Domino double-teamed him, and Cherry slapped Yang. This later developed into a feud between Deuce and Domino, and Yang and his partner, Shannon Moore. At the beginning of 2008, the team suffered a series of losses.

On the March 7, 2008, episode of SmackDown, Cherry competed in a Swimsuit Contest, along Maryse, Victoria, Eve Torres, and Michelle McCool. On the March 28 episode of SmackDown, Cherry transformed into a fan favorite by teaming with McCool to defeat Victoria and Maryse. She made her WWE singles match debut defeating Victoria with a roll-up, following a distraction from McCool, on the April 18 episode of SmackDown. On April 27, at the Backlash pay-per-view, Cherry made her pay-per-view debut in a 12-Diva tag team match, which her team lost.

In a video posted to WWE's official website, she was dumped by Deuce and Domino for Maryse when they announced that they wanted nothing more to do with her after her unannounced departure from them. Maryse proceeded to provoke Cherry after their announcement, only to get slapped for her troubles. She went on to pick up a singles victory over Maryse. Cherry then went on into a minor feud with Natalya, who debuted with a win over Cherry via the Sharpshooter, a submission move. Over the following weeks, Natalya continued to defeat Cherry, including at Vickie Guerrero's wedding. As a condition of catching Guererro's bouquet, Cherry won a match against Guerrero, but first had to face Natalya, who defeated her with the Sharpshooter. Following this loss, Guererro immediately had a match with Cherry, quickly pinning her for the victory. Cherry was released from her WWE contract on August 15, 2008.

Championships and accomplishments
Jersey Championship Wrestling
JCW Women's Championship (1 time)
Women Superstars Uncensored
WSU/NWS King and Queen Tournament (2005) – with Julio Dinero
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked her 27 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2008

References

External links

Category:1975 births
Category:American female professional wrestlers
Category:Living people
Category:People from Morristown, New Jersey
Category:Professional wrestlers from New Jersey
Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets
Category:Sportspeople from Morris County, New Jersey


Ultra (film)

Ultra () is a 1991 Italian drama film directed by Ricky Tognazzi. It was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival where Tognazzi won the Silver Bear for Best Director.

Plot
A group of ultras of Rome leaves to Turin, where the guys have to play the game of Juve-Roma. The Romans are greeted with stones by enemies, and the leader of the extremist group: Er Prince, orders his followers to stab the fans of Juventus. The two opposing factions are arrested and are forced to tell the facts to the superintendent. Meanwhile, in the stadium of Juventus, the remaining ultras are locked in a brawl between their enemies with exaggerated stabbings and stones.

Cast
 Claudio Amendola as Principe
 Ricky Memphis as Red
 Gianmarco Tognazzi as Ciafretta
 Giuppy Izzo as Cinzia
 Alessandro Tiberi as Fabietto
 Fabrizio Vidale as Smilzo
 Krum De Nicola as Morfino
 Antonello Morroni as Teschio
 Michele Camparino as Nerone
 Fabrizio Franceschi as Nazi
 Fabio Buttinelli as Mandrake
 Fabio Maraschi as Cobra
 Alessandro Amen as Ketchup
 Claudio Del Falco as Capo Drugo
 Bruno Del Turco as Patata

References

External links

Category:1991 films
Category:Italian films
Category:Italian-language films
Category:1990s drama films
Category:Films directed by Ricky Tognazzi
Category:Italian association football films
Category:Italian drama films


Głębokie, Szczecin

Głębokie  is a part of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north-west of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town.

Before 1945 when Stettin was a part of Germany, the German name of this suburb was Stettin-Glambeck.

Category:Neighbourhoods of Szczecin


Cavalry Houses

The Cavalry Houses are a series of buildings built in Pushkin, Saint Petersburg between 1752 and 1753. They are listed as a cultural heritage site.

History
The Cavalry Houses were constructed as part of a project to build houses that differentiated the location from the area surrounding the palace. In 1748, Empress Elizabeth ordered the construction of four stone houses and one wooden house for the steward and the cavaliers who came to Tsarskoye Selo. The project was entrusted to the architect Savva Ivanovich Chevakinskylater.

Chevakinsky constructed the houses in the baroque style with a single story and a mezzanine. In 1784, the buildings were expanded by the architect I.V. Neyolov, who built up the mezzanines to complete second floors. The houses were later rebuilt in different styles. Of the group, the houses numbered 10 and 12 have been the most accurately preserved.

Architecture
The Cavalry Houses were designed in a style that is typical of the Saint Petersburg urban development houses in the mid-18th century. These houses were styled after imperial residences. One distinctive characteristic is the rustled shoulder blades, which highlight the corners and the central parts of the houses' facades. Decorative locking window frames adorn the windows on both floors, and the floors are separated by wide profiled traction.

References

Sources

Category:Buildings and structures in Pushkin
Category:Houses completed in 1753
Category:Baroque architecture in Saint Petersburg


Scaevola verticillata

Scaevola verticillata is a species of plant in the family Goodeniaceae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak.

References

verticillata
Category:Endemic flora of Borneo
Category:Flora of Sarawak
Category:Vulnerable plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


As Sudayrah, Makkah

As Sudayrah is a village in Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.

See also

 List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
 Regions of Saudi Arabia

References

Category:Populated places in Mecca Region


Pedlar Palmer

Pedlar Palmer, born Thomas Palmer, (1876 – 13 February 1949) was an English boxer who held the world bantamweight championship from 1895–1899.

Life
Palmer was born in Canning Town, London on 19 November 1876.  His father was a bare-knuckle champion of Essex, and rumour had it that his mother could take on and beat any woman in London’s East End.  As a boxer, Palmer soon gained the nickname "Box o' Tricks", reflecting his showmanship - he and his brother had taken part in a stage act as children and Palmer utilised some of the things he had leaned on stage in the boxing ring.

In 1893, Palmer won bouts advertised as the "World 100lb" title against Walter Croot and Mike Small, and became World Bantamweight Champion in 1895 when he beat Billy Plimmer of Birmingham on a 14th round foul. He boxed a draw with the World Featherweight Champion George Dixon in New York in 1896.  He kept his bantamweight title through five defenses against Johnny Murphy, Ernie Stanton. Dave Sullivan, Billy Plimmer, and Billy Rochford.

Palmer met Irish born American boxer Dave Sullivan in London on 18 October 1897 in what was billed as a World 116 pound Title Match.  It would be Sullivan's first loss according to most sources.  Sullivan failed to receive the twenty round points decision, but established himself as the primary contender for the World Featherweight Title.

Loss of World Bantamweight Title to Terry McGovern
Palmer lost his title in Tuckahoe, New York in September 1899.  He was knocked out in the first round by Terrible Terry McGovern - Palmer claimed that he had been blinded by the lights.  Having held the Championship for four years, Palmer was still only 22 years old.

Loss of the British Bantamweight Title
In November 1900 Palmer lost the British bantamweight title to Harry Ware, and although he won two out of three fights with George Dixon and beat Digger Stanley, another world champion, he was twice beaten in British featherweight title fights by Ben Jordan and Joe Bowker.

Jordan successfully defended the English Featherweight Title on 12 December 1904 against Palmer in an important bout at the National Sporting Club in London in a fifteen round points decision.

Palmer was a heavy drinker. In April 1907 he killed Robert Croat on a train to Epsom races, for which crime he was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to five years in prison. On his release he boxed again, but never enjoyed his earlier levels of success. For the last 20 years of his life he was a bookmaker in Brighton, where he died on 13 February 1949, aged 72. He is buried on the western edge of Brighton; the gravestone no longer stands.

References

Further reading
Jason McKay, 2009, Box O’ Tricks – The Pedlar Palmer Story

External links

Transcript of an 1899 newspaper article about the Palmer vs McGovern fight

Category:1876 births
Category:1949 deaths
Category:Bantamweight boxers
Category:Featherweight boxers
Category:English people convicted of manslaughter
Category:Boxers from Greater London
Category:People from Canning Town
Category:People from Brighton
Category:Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
Category:English male boxers


Wibault 2

The Wibault 2, Wib 2 or  Wib 2 BN.2 was a single engine biplane aircraft designed and built in France in the early 1920s. It was intended as a heavy night bomber, though a thirteen-seat passenger version was proposed.  Only one was built.

Design and development

As the military description BN.2 indicates, the Wib 2 was designed as a two-seat night bomber, but the designer had hopes of a passenger carrying derivative. As it was structurally an all-metal aircraft it had, by the standards of the times, a low structural weight and, as a consequence, a high useful load of  making the suggested capacity of thirteen passengers plausible. In addition to its metal construction, contemporaries noted other unusual design features, in particular the position of the wings well back along the fuselage, Flight speculated the idea being to distribute the passenger (or bomb) load symmetrically about the centre of pressure and over a greater longitudinal distance than usual, rather than along the span. The pilot sat quite close to the tail with the gunner (in the bomber version) in a separate, gun mounting equipped cockpit immediately behind him.  Its span was large for a biplane with only a single set of struts and its upper wing had a shorter span than the lower.

The wings of the Wib 2 were rectangular in plan and mounted without stagger or dihedral.  The single bays were defined by parallel pairs of inward leaning interplane struts, assisted by crossed flying and landing wires from the bases of the struts to the fuselage. Cabane struts supported the upper wing above the fuselage. The wings had thick, high lift coefficient sections, constructed around deep single spars built up from Duralumin sheet; the ribs were formed from cross-braced metal tubes. Ailerons were mounted only on the lower wing.

The fuselage was metal framed and fabric covered, with a straight edged, wire braced tailplane carrying divided elevators mounted on top.  Its vertical tail was low and broad, with a curved leading edge; the rudder was deep and aerodynamically balanced.  The Wib 2 was powered by a  water-cooled V-12 Renault 12 M engine completely enclosed within a smooth cowling and drove a two blade propeller. Small radiators projected out on either side of the cowling.  The undercarriage was of the fixed conventional type, with the mainwheels on a rigid axle supported by V-struts and assisted by a tailskid.

The Wib 2 flew for the first time on 29 October 1921 but only one, in bomber configuration, was built.

Specifications (BN.2)

References

Category:Biplanes
Category:1920s French bomber aircraft
Wib 2
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft


Mignoré

Mignoré (also spelled Minyouré) is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Séitifla, Vavoua Department, Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Mignoré was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Notes

Category:Former communes of Ivory Coast
Category:Populated places in Sassandra-Marahoué District
Category:Populated places in Haut-Sassandra


Orbitofrontal artery

Orbitofrontal artery is one of the branches of the anterior cerebral artery, that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The orbitofrontal artery is usually the first cortical branch of the A2 segment, arising from the subcallosal segment to supply the inferior and inferomedial surfaces of the frontal lobe including the gyri recti.

References

Category:Arteries of the head and neck
Category:Cardiovascular system stubs


Adoption disclosure

Adoption disclosure refers to the official release of information relating to the legal adoption of a child.  Throughout much of the 20th century, many Western countries had legislation intended to prevent adoptees and adoptive families from knowing the identities of birth parents and vice versa.  After a decline in the social stigma surrounding adoption, many Western countries changed laws to allow for the release of formerly secret birth information, usually with limitations.

History
Though adoption is an ancient practice, the notion of formal laws intended to solidify the adoption by restricting information exchange is comparatively young.  In most Western countries until the 1960s and 1970s, adoption bore with it a certain stigma as it was associated in the popular mind with illegitimacy, orphanhood, and premarital or extramarital sex.  Unmarried pregnant women were often sent elsewhere from the latter stages of pregnancy until birth, with the intent of concealing the pregnancy from family and neighbours.

The passage of legislation which solidified the secrecy of adoption for both parties was regarded as a social good: it attempted to ensure the shame associated with adoption was a one-time event and prevent disputes over the child.  The legislation was also influenced by prevailing psychological beliefs in social determinism: believers in social determinism felt that adoptees' origins and genetics were irrelevant to their future except perhaps for medical purposes.

Many instances of such legislation did allow for "non-identifying information", generalized background information about birth parents collected by adoption workers, which by deliberate design did not identify them. A strong opponent of Adoption Disclosure since 1998, Dr. Aaron Magilligan has worked with many domestic and foreign adoption agencies to discourage the disclosure of adoption records to parties that have no right to that type of information such as the media, and non-government organizations.

Responses to secrecy provisions
As many adoptees and birth families were curious about one another, various attempts were made to work around these provisions.  Two common approaches were contributing to passive registries and initiating active searches.

Passive registry
A passive registry or adoption reunion registry is a double-blind list, in which participants may opt to join.  If Alice joins and specifies she is interested in meeting Bob, one of two things may happen.  If Bob has already joined and indicated he wishes to meet Alice, contact between them is arranged.  Otherwise, Alice simply waits on the list until Bob should decide to join. Many adoption reunion registries have been created since the 1950s, from those that are part of adoption search and support group membership services, to internet registries and state sponsored registries. The oldest and largest independent registry is ISRR - the International Soundex Reunion Registry, Inc. founded in 1975.

Active searches
An active search is a conscious effort to find a birth family member or adoptee with whatever knowledge is available.

Types of disclosure
A typical problem with disclosure is balancing the desire for information with the promises, explicit or implicit, that have been made to parties in the past.

Disclosure veto
With a disclosure veto, the government announces that Bob's name will be available to Alice upon her request after a certain date.  If Bob does not want contact from Alice, he may issue a written veto before this date elapses.  If he does not do this, his name will be released upon Alice's request.

Contact veto
With a contact veto, Bob has no means of preventing Alice from learning his name upon her request.  However, he can issue a veto of sorts preventing her from attempting to contact him after she learns his name.

See also
Closed adoption
Adoption Information Disclosure Act
American Adoption Congress AAC
Bastard Nation
Adoption Disclosure Register (Ontario)
International Soundex Reunion Registry ISRR

References

External links
American Adoption Congress
International Soundex Reunion Registry ISRR
State Laws
TRIADOPTION Archives
Adoption Disclosure Laws in 50 states

Category:Adoption reunion
Category:Disclosure


2016 Budapest bombing

The September 2016 Budapest explosion occurred on 24 September 2016 when a young man detonated a nail bomb to kill two patrolling police officers. A policeman and a policewoman suffered injuries but survived the attack. After the incident the police chief in charge announced a full-scale investigation and promised to give 10 million HUF to the ones who report the perpetrator. According to Zsolt Molnár, the chairman of the National Security Commission of the Hungarian Parliament, the attack unlikely has anything to do with other terror-related incidents in 2016 in Europe.

Perpetrator
The alleged perpetrator, László Gergely P., was caught on 19 October 2016 by the Counter Terrorism Centre in Keszthely. The 23 years old man is a Hungarian citizen without any kind of criminal antecedents; his father was earlier the mayor of Karmacs, a small village in Zala county. According to prosecutors, he planned to blackmail the Hungarian Ministry of Interior for €1 million.

Trial
The perpetrator's trial started on January 31, 2018. On September 12, he was sentenced to prison for life.

References

External link

 SkyNews.com

Category:2016 in Hungary
Category:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2016
Category:Terrorist incidents in Hungary
Category:2010s in Budapest
Category:September 2016 crimes
Category:September 2016 events in Europe


Mark Reynolds (sailor)

Mark J. Reynolds (born November 2, 1955) is an American Star class sailor and Olympic champion. He has sailed Stars since age four, training with his father James Reynolds who was the 1971 World Champion (as crew for Dennis Conner).

Reynolds competed at multiple Olympics, medaling in 1988 and 1992. In 1996 he came in eighth.  Afterwards he formed a new partnership with crewman Magnus Liljedahl, and they went on to win a string of championships, culminating with a gold medal at the 2000 Olympics.

Reynolds sailed for San Diego State University, where he received a BS. As a sophomore, Mark was All American on the San Diego State University sailing team in 1974. Mark led the team to a 2nd place finish both in 1974 and 1975 in the North American Dinghy Championships. He also holds an honorary doctorate from Piedmont College.
During the 2001–02 Volvo Ocean Race, he sailed with Team SEB.

He owns a sail making company. He made the sails for almost all of his Star class competitors.

Non-Olympic achievements:
 Snipe
 1978 US National Champion
 1979 Worlds runner up
 1979 Pan American games gold medal
 1980,1982 & 1991 North American Champion
 Star
 1995 & 2000 World Champion
 10 times Continental Champion
 1998 & 2002 North American Champion
 1984, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998 & 2002 Bacardi Cup Champion
 2001 & 2002 Commodores Cup Champion
 2004 Rolex Miami OCR Champion
 Farr 40
 2002 World Champion (tactician)

Awards
 1975 Intercollegiate Yacht Racing Association (ICYRA) All-American
 1989 & 1992 U.S. Olympic Committee Athlete of the Year for Sailing
 2000 ISAF World Sailor of the Year
 2000 US Sailor of the Year
 2002 Sailing World's Hall of Fame
 2012 National Sailing Hall of Fame

References

External links

Category:1955 births
Category:American male sailors (sport)
Category:ISAF World Sailor of the Year (male)
Category:Living people
Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in sailing
Category:Olympic sailors of the United States
Category:Sailors at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Star
Category:Sailors at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Star
Category:Sailors at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Star
Category:Sailors at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Star
Category:Sailmakers
Category:San Diego State Aztecs sailors
Category:San Diego Yacht Club sailors
Category:Snipe class sailors
Category:Star class world champions
Category:US Sailor of the Year
Category:Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States in sailing
Category:Pan American Games medalists in sailing
Category:Volvo Ocean Race sailors
Category:World champions in sailing for the United States of America
Category:Sailors at the 1979 Pan American Games


Stolby, Namsky District, Sakha Republic

Stolby () is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Khatyryksky Rural Okrug of Namsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located  from Namtsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 1,084, of whom 542 were male and 542 female, up from 960 as recorded during the 2002 Census.

References

Notes

Sources
Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Namsky District.

Category:Rural localities in the Sakha Republic


2019 Indian general election in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The 2019 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, held for 1 seat in the Island. Congress candidate Kuldeep Rai Sharma won the election from the only seat. Sharma defeated BJP candidate Vishal Jolly.

Details

References

Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman
Category:Elections in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands


A. Venkatapura

A. Venkatapura  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Koratagere taluk of Tumkur district in Karnataka.

See also
 Tumkur
 Districts of Karnataka

References

External links
  A. Venkatapura on government of India website.

Category:Villages in Tumkur district


Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus

The Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus (often abbreviated as LOB Corpus) is a million-word collection of British English texts which was compiled in the 1970s in collaboration between the University of Lancaster, the University of Oslo, and the Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities, Bergen, to provide a British counterpart to the Brown Corpus compiled by Henry Kučera and W. Nelson Francis for American English in the 1960s.

Its composition was designed to match the original Brown corpus in terms of its size and genres as closely as possible using documents published in the UK by British authors. Both corpora consist of 500 samples each comprising about 2000 words in the following genres:

The corpus has been also tagged, i.e. part-of-speech categories have been assigned to every word.

External links
 LOB Corpus Manual
 LOB Corpus from the Oxford Text Archive

Category:English Corpora
Category:Linguistic research
Category:Applied linguistics


Frederick G. Niedringhaus

Frederick Gottlieb Niedringhaus (October 21, 1837 – November 25, 1922) was a German-born American businessman and politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Missouri.

Early life
Frederick Gottlieb Niedringhaus was born on October 21, 1837 in Lübbecke, Westphalia, North Germany. Niedringhaus attended the common schools there and learned the glazing, painting, and tinning trades. He emigrated to the United States in November 1855 and settled in St. Louis, Missouri, where he and his brother, William F. Niedringhaus, started a tinware stamping company in the early 1860s.

Career
With his brother, Niedringhaus developed a process for creating a decorative mottled surface on enameled metal in the 1870s. This "graniteware" became popular, and they established an extensive business, which eventually moved to Granite City, Illinois. He also became interested in various other business enterprises in St. Louis.

Niedringhaus was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1890 and resumed his former business pursuits.

Personal life
Niedringhaus had a son, Thomas K. Niedringhaus, and a nephew was Henry Frederick Niedringhaus.

Death
He died in St. Louis, Missouri, November 25, 1922 and was interred in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

References

External links

Category:1837 births
Category:1922 deaths
Category:19th-century American politicians
Category:American manufacturing businesspeople
Category:Businesspeople from St. Louis
Category:People from Lübbecke
Category:Politicians from St. Louis
Category:Prussian emigrants to the United States
Category:Missouri Republicans
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri
Category:Burials at Bellefontaine Cemetery
Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives


Vortigern

Vortigern (; , ; ; ; Old Breton: Gurdiern, Gurthiern; ; , , , etc.), also spelled Vortiger, Vortigan, Voertigern and Vortigen, was a 5th-century warlord in Britain, known perhaps as a king of the Britons, or at least connoted as such in the writings of Bede. His existence is nonetheless contested by scholars, and information about him is obscure.

He may have been the "superbus tyrannus" said to have invited Hengist and Horsa to aid him in fighting the Picts and the Scots. However, they revolted, killing his son in the process and forming the Kingdom of Kent. It is said that he took refuge in North Wales, and that his grave was in Dyfed or the Llŷn Peninsula. Gildas later denigrated Vortigern for his misjudgement and also blamed him for the loss of Britain. He is cited at the beginning of the genealogy of the early Kings of Powys.

Medieval accounts

Gildas
The 6th-century cleric and historian Gildas wrote De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae () in the first decades of the 6th century. In Chapter 23, he tells how "all the councillors, together with that proud usurper" [omnes consiliarii una cum superbo tyranno] made the mistake of inviting "the fierce and impious Saxons" to settle in Britain. According to Gildas, apparently, a small group came at first and was settled "on the eastern side of the island, by the invitation of the unlucky [infaustus] usurper". This small group invited more of their countrymen to join them, and the colony grew. Eventually the Saxons demanded that "their monthly allotments" be increased and, when their demands were eventually refused, broke their treaty and plundered the lands of the Romano-British.

It is not clear whether Gildas used the name Vortigern. Most editions published presently omit the name. Two manuscripts name him: MS. A (Avranches MS 162, 12th century), refers to Uortigerno; and Mommsen's MS. X (Cambridge University Library MS. Ff. I.27) (13th century) calls him Gurthigerno. Gildas never addresses Vortigern as the king of Britain. He is termed a usurper (tyrannus), but not solely responsible for inviting the Saxons. To the contrary, he is portrayed as being aided by or aiding a "Council", which may be a government based on the representatives of all the "cities" (civitates) or a part thereof. Gildas also does not consider Vortigern as bad; he simply qualifies him as "unlucky" (infaustus) and lacking judgement, which is understandable, as these mercenaries proved to be faithless.

Gildas adds several small details that suggest either he or his source received at least part of the story from the Anglo-Saxons. The first is when he describes the size of the initial party of Saxons, stating that they came in three cyulis (or "keels"), "as they call ships of war". This may be the earliest recovered word of English. The second detail is his repetition that the visiting Saxons were "foretold by a certain soothsayer among them, that they should occupy the country to which they were sailing three hundred years, and half of that time, a hundred and fifty years, should plunder and despoil the same." Both of these details are unlikely to have been invented by a Roman or Brittonic source.

Modern scholars have debated the various details of Gildas' story. One topic of discussion has been about the words Gildas uses to describe the Saxons' subsidies (annonas, epimenia) and whether they are legal terms used in a treaty of foederati, a late Roman political practice of settling allied barbarian peoples within the boundaries of the empire to furnish troops to aid the defence of the empire. It is not known whether private individuals imitated this practice. It is also not known whether Gildas' reference to "the eastern side of the island" refers to Kent, East Anglia, the Kingdom of Northumbria or the entire east coast of Britain. Gildas describes how their raids took them "sea to sea, heaped up by the eastern band of impious men; and as it devastated all the neighbouring cities and lands, did not cease after it had been kindled, until it burnt nearly the whole surface of the island, and licked the western ocean with its red and savage tongue" (chapter 24).

Bede
The first extant text considering Gildas' account is Bede, writing in the early- to mid-8th century. He mostly paraphrases Gildas in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People and The Reckoning of Time, adding several details, perhaps most importantly the name of this "proud tyrant", whom he first calls Vertigernus (in his Chronica Maiora) and later Vurtigernus (in his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum). The Vertigernus form may reflect an earlier Celtic source or a lost version of Gildas. Bede also gives names in the Historia to the leaders of the Saxons, Hengist and Horsa, specifically identifying their tribes as the Saxons, Angles and Jutes (H.E., 1.14,15). Another significant detail that Bede adds to Gildas' account is calling Vortigern the king of the British people.

Bede also supplies the date, 449, which was traditionally accepted but has been considered suspect since the late 20th century: "Marcian being made emperor with Valentinian, and the forty-sixth from Augustus, ruled the empire seven years." Michael Jones notes that there are several adventus dates in Bede. In H.E. 1.15 the adventus occurs within the period 449–455; in 1.23 and 5.23 another date, c. 446, is given; in 2.14 the same event is dated 446 or 447. These dates are apparently calculated approximations.

Historia Brittonum

The Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) was attributed until recently to Nennius, a monk from Bangor, Gwynedd, and was probably compiled during the early 9th century. The writer mentions a great number of sources. Nennius wrote more negatively of Vortigern, accusing him of incest (perhaps intentionally mistaking Vortigern for Vortiporius, accused by Gildas of the same crime), oath-breaking, treason, love for a pagan woman, and lesser vices such as pride.

The Historia Brittonum recounts many details about Vortigern and his sons. Chapters 31–49 tell how Vortigern (Guorthigirn) deals with the Saxons and Saint Germanus of Auxerre. Chapters 50–55 deal with Saint Patrick. Chapter 56 tells about King Arthur and his battles. Chapters 57–65 mention English genealogies, mingled with English and Welsh history. Chapter 66 gives important chronological calculations, mostly on Vortigern and the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

Excluding what is taken from Gildas, there are six groupings of traditions:

 Material quoted from a Life of Saint Germanus. These excerpts describe Germanus of Auxerre's incident with one Benlli, an inhospitable host seemingly unrelated to Vortigern who comes to an untimely end, but his servant provides hospitality and is made the progenitor of the kings of Powys. They also describe Vortigern's son by his own daughter, whom Germanus raises, and Vortigern's own end caused by fire from heaven brought about by Germanus' prayers. Comparing this material with Constantius of Lyon's Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre suggests that the two are not the same person. It has been suggested that the saint mentioned here may be no more than a local saint or a tale that had to explain all the holy places dedicated to a St. Germanus or a "Garmon", who may have been a Powys saint or even a bishop from the Isle of Man about the time of writing the Historia Brittonum. The story seems only to be explained as a slur against the rival dynasty of Powys, suggesting that they did not descend from Vortigern but from a mere slave.
 Stories that explain why Vortigern granted land in Britain to the Saxons, first to Thanet in exchange for service as foederati troops, then to the rest of Kent in exchange for marriage to Hengest's daughter, then to Essex and Sussex after a banquet where the Saxons treacherously slew all of the leaders of the British but saved Vortigern to extract this ransom. This is probably no more than an explanatory legend.
 The magical tale of Ambrosius Aurelianus and the two dragons found beneath Dinas Emrys. This origin of the later legend of Merlin is clearly a local tale that had attracted the names of Vortigern and Ambrosius to usurp the roles of earlier characters. Neither of them has any association with that remote part of Wales, but the character Vortigern is best known to us because of this tale.
 A number of calculations attempting to fix the year when Vortigern invited the Saxons into Britain. These are made by the writer, naming interesting persons and calculating their dates, making several mistakes in the process.
 Genealogical material about Vortigern's ancestry, including the names of his four sons (Vortimer, Pascent, Catigern, and Faustus), his father Vitalis, his grandfather Vitalinus, and his great-grandfather Gloui, who is probably just an eponym which associates Vortigern with Glevum, the civitas of Gloucester.

The Historia Brittonum relates four battles occurring in Kent, apparently related to material in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (see below). It claims that Vortigern's son Vortimer commanded the Britons against Hengest's Saxons. Moreover, it claims that the Saxons were driven out of Britain, only to return at Vortigern's invitation a few years later, after the death of Vortimer.

The stories preserved in the Historia Brittonum reveal an attempt by one or more anonymous British scholars to provide more detail to this story, while struggling to accommodate the facts of the British tradition. This is important, as it indicates that near that time there were one or more Welsh kings who traced their genealogy back to Vortigern.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle provides dates and locations of four battles which Hengest and his brother Horsa fought against the British in the county of Kent. Vortigern is said to have been the commander of the British for only the first battle; the opponents in the next three battles are variously termed "British" and "Welsh", which is not unusual for this part of the Chronicle. No Saxon defeat is acknowledged, but the geographical sequence of the battles suggests a Saxon retreat. The Chronicle locates the Battle of Wippedesfleot as the place where the Saxons first landed, dated 465 in Wippedsfleot and thought to be Ebbsfleet near Ramsgate. The year 455 is the last date when Vortigern is mentioned.

However, the Chronicle is not a single document but the end result of combining several sources over a period of time. The annals for the 5th century in the Chronicle were put into their current form during the 9th century, probably during the reign of Alfred the Great. The sources are obscure for the fifth century annals; however, an analysis of the text demonstrates some poetic conventions, so it is probable that they were derived from an oral tradition such as sagas in the form of epic poems.

There is dispute as to when the material was written which comprises the Historia Brittonum, and it could be later than the Chronicle. Some historians argue that the Historia Brittonum took its material from a source close to the Chronicle.

William of Malmesbury
Writing soon before Geoffrey of Monmouth, William of Malmesbury added much to the unfavorable assessment of Vortigern:

No other sources confirm this unflattering description, and it seems safe to assume that this is an exaggeration of accusations made by earlier writers.

William does, however, add some detail, no doubt because of a good local knowledge, in De Gestis Regum Anglorum book I, chapter 23.

Geoffrey of Monmouth

The story of Vortigern adopted its best-known form in Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae. Geoffrey states that he was the successor of Constans II, the son of usurping emperor Constantinus III. Further, Vortigern used Constans as a puppet monarch and ruled the nation through him until he finally managed to kill him through the use of insurgent Picts.

Geoffrey mentions a similar tale just before that episode, however, which may be an unintentional duplication. Just after the Romans leave, the archbishop of London is put forward by the representatives of Britain to organise the island's defences. To do so, he arranges for continental soldiers to come to Britain. The name of the bishop is Guitelin, a name similar to the Vitalinus mentioned in the ancestry of Vortigern and to the Vitalinus said to have fought with Ambrosius at the Battle of Guoloph. This Guithelin/Vitalinus disappears from the story as soon as Vortigern arrives. All these coincidences imply that Geoffrey duplicated the story of the invitation of the Saxons, and that the tale of Guithelinus the archbishop might possibly give some insight into the background of Vortigern before his acquisition of power.

Geoffrey is also the first to mention Hengest's daughter Rowena, who seduces Vortigern to marry her, after which his sons rebel. Geoffrey adds that Vortigern was succeeded briefly by his son Vortimer, as does the Historia Brittonum, only to assume the throne again when Vortimer is killed.

While Vortigern is mentioned only rarely by the later stories of King Arthur, when he does he is usually the character described by either Geoffrey of Monmouth or Wace.

Pillar of Eliseg
The inscription on the Pillar of Eliseg, a mid-9th century stone cross in North Wales, gives the Old Welsh spelling of Vortigern: Guarthi[gern] (the inscription is now damaged and the final letters of the name are missing), believed to be the same person as Gildas's "superbus tyrannus", Vortigern. The pillar also states that he was married to Sevira, the daughter of Magnus Maximus, and gave a line of descent leading to the royal family of Powys, who erected the cross.

Vortigern as title rather than personal name
It is occasionally suggested by scholars that Vortigern could be a title rather than a personal name. The name in Brittonic literally means "Great King" or "Overlord", composed of the elements *wor- "over-, super" and *tigerno- "king, lord, chief, ruler" (compare Old Breton machtiern, Cornish myghtygern a type of local ruler - literally "pledge chief") in medieval Brittany and Cornwall.

However, the element *tigerno- was a regular one in Brittonic personal names (compare Kentigern, Catigern, Ritigern, Tigernmaglus, et al.) and, as *wortigernos (or derivatives of it) is not attested as a common noun, there is no reason to suppose that it was used as anything other than a personal name (in fact, an Old Irish cognate of it, Foirtchern was a fairly common personal name in medieval Ireland, further lending credence to the notion that Vortigern was a personal name and not a title).

Local legends
A valley on the north coast of the Llŷn Peninsula, known as Nant Gwrtheyrn or "Vortigern's Gorge", is named after Vortigern, and until modern times had a small barrow known locally as "Vortigern's Grave", along with a ruin known as "Vortigern's Fort". However, this conflicts with doubtful reports that he died in his castle on the River Teifi in Dyfed ("Nennius") or his tower at The Doward in Herefordshire (Geoffrey of Monmouth).

Other fortifications associated with Vortigern are at Arfon in Gwynedd, Bradford on Avon in Wiltshire, Carn Fadryn in Gwynedd, Clwyd in Powys, Llandysul in Dyfed, Old Carlisle in Cumberland, Old Sarum in Wiltshire, Rhayader in Powys, Snowdon and Stonehenge in Wiltshire.

Later portrayals
Vortigern's story remained well known after the Middle Ages, especially in Great Britain. He is a major character in two Jacobean plays, the anonymous The Birth of Merlin and Thomas Middleton's Hengist, King of Kent, first published in 1661. His meeting with Rowena became a popular subject in 17th-century engraving and painting--e.g., William Hamilton's 1793 work Vortigern and Rowena. He was also featured in literature, such as John Lesslie Hall's poems about the beginnings of England.

One of Vortigern's most notorious literary appearances is in the play Vortigern and Rowena, which was promoted as a lost work of William Shakespeare when it first emerged in 1796. However, it was soon revealed as a literary forgery written by the play's purported discoverer, William Henry Ireland, who had previously forged a number of other Shakespearean manuscripts. The play was at first accepted as Shakespeare's by some in the literary community, and received a performance at London's Drury Lane Theatre on 2 April 1796. The play's crude writing, however, exposed it as a forgery, and it was laughed off stage and not performed again. Ireland eventually admitted to the hoax and tried to publish the play by his own name, but had little success.

Vortigern often appears in modern Arthurian fiction. In the miniseries Merlin (1998) which uses the legend of Merlin and the dragons, Vortigern is played by Rutger Hauer. The movie The Last Legion (2007), based partly on the novel of the same name (2002) by Valerio Massimo Manfredi, features a very fictionalized portrayal of Vortigern under the pseudo-authentic name Vortgyn. Vortigan appears in season five of the TV series Once Upon a Time (2011), portrayed by Darren Moore. Jude Law portrays Vortigen in the film King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017), where he is Uther's younger brother, murdering him in order to usurp the throne and sacrificing his own wife and daughter to transform into a demon; he is eventually killed by his nephew Arthur.

References

External links

Vortigern Studies website
"Vortigern" on National Library of Wales Dictionary of Welsh Biography

Category:5th-century English monarchs
Category:5th-century Welsh monarchs
Category:Arthurian characters
Category:Characters in works by Geoffrey of Monmouth
Category:House of Gwertherion
Category:Legendary British kings
Category:Medieval legends
Category:Merlin
Category:People whose existence is disputed
Category:Sub-Roman monarchs
Category:Welsh mythology


Bukowiec Opoczyński

Bukowiec Opoczyński () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opoczno, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Opoczno and  south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

References

Category:Villages in Opoczno County


Oklahoma Employment Security Commission

The Oklahoma Employment Security Commission (OESC) is an independent agency of the state of Oklahoma responsible for providing employment services to the citizens of Oklahoma. The Commission is part of a national network of employment service agencies and is funded by money from the United States Department of Labor. The Commission is also responsible for administering the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 on behalf of the state.

The Commission is composed of five members appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma, with the approval of the Oklahoma Senate. All members serve six-year terms. The Commission appoints an Executive Director, who serves at the pleasure of the Commission, to act as the executive head of the Commission. The current Executive Director is Richard McPherson, who has held that position since January 2011.

The Commission was established in 1941 during the term of Governor Leon C. Phillips.

History and Functions
The Commission was created by the Oklahoma Legislature in 1941. The Commission is responsible for operating local workforce centers throughout the state. These centers provide testing, career counseling and placement services for job seekers; solicits job orders from employers; refers job seekers to jobs; and maintains a statewide online job listing databank.  The Commission also administers a number of programs that provide employment-related assistance for specific groups, such as dislocated workers, long-term unemployed adults and youth.

The Commission has responsibility for collecting unemployment insurance taxes from Oklahoma employers to fund payment of unemployment benefits to jobless workers. The Commission, in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics, manages a number of research programs that provide current labor market information to employers, job seekers, employment and guidance counselors, and students to assist them in making informed decisions.

Leadership
The Commission is under the supervision of the Secretary of Commerce and Tourism. Under Governor of Oklahoma Kevin Stitt and David Ostrowe is serving as the Secretary.

Commission members
The Commission is composed of five members appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma, with the approval of the Oklahoma Senate. Two members represent employers, two represent employees, and one represents the public. The representative of the public serves as the chair of the Commission. All members serve six-year terms.

As of September 2018, the Commission is composed of the following members:

Representing the Public
Rachel Hutchings – Chair

Representing Employers
David Adams, Commissioner
Karen Hudson, Commissioner

Representing Employees
Jim Quillen, Commissioner
Duchess Bartmess, Commissioner

Organization

Internal structure
Employment Security Commission
Executive Director
Deputy  Director
Associate Director
Workforce Services Division
Unemployment Insurance Division
Economic Research and Analysis Division

Workforce Services Division
The Workforce Services Division has two main functions: provide guidance for field staff and field activities at local workforce centers across the state and maintain a statewide labor exchange between employers and job-seeking individuals as established by the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933. Assistance may be provided to individuals in the form of referral to jobs, referral to supportive services, training assistance, or job development. The Veterans Services Division provides service to Oklahoma veterans through Veterans Representatives located in local offices and out-stationed at key service delivery points across the state.

Workforce Services is responsible for administering the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA). These WIA programs are federally funded and designed to provide employment and training services to individuals who, for various reasons, have been unable to obtain meaningful employment. This includes responsibility for administering programs that prepare youth and unskilled adults for entry into the labor force. The program also provides job training opportunities to economically disadvantaged individuals and those dislocated due to business closings and layoffs. The Workforce Investment Act also mandates the development of a comprehensive workforce system that includes many other workforce-related programs. To accomplish this goal, the division, in partnership with the Oklahoma Department of Commerce, serves as the administrative staff to the State Workforce Investment Board. The Board is charged with the responsibility of making recommendations regarding the development of this comprehensive system.

Unemployment Insurance Division
The Unemployment Insurance Division is responsible for paying unemployment benefits to qualified unemployed wage earners. OESC makes rigorous efforts to locate suitable employment opportunities and /or provide re-employment assistance so those individuals receiving unemployment benefits may re-enter the workforce as quickly as possible. The Unemployment Insurance Division maintains the Unemployment Insurance program which was established through the Social Security Act of 1935. Unemployment benefits are paid as a weekly sum to qualified unemployed wage earners covered under the law. Funds for payment of these benefits are provided through a state tax paid by employers and deposited in a state-specific trust fund. Administrative funding for the program is provided through the federal FUTA taxes paid by employers for that purpose.

Economic Research and Analysis Division
The Economic Research and Analysis Division is responsible for collecting, analyzing and disseminating a wide array of socio-economic, employment-related data. The Division maintains Bureau of Labor Statistics programs such as Current Employment Statistics (CES), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS). In addition to these programs, this Division also maintains a number of other Labor Market Information (LMI) programs, such as the Occupational Wage Survey Reports and Industry & Occupational Projections. These products and services are requested by a diverse group of customers who need or desire to track the economic health of the state of Oklahoma and its local areas.

Staffing
The Employment Security Commission had an annual non-appropriated agency budget of almost $128.7 million in fiscal year 2011.  The agency is one of the larger employers among Oklahoma state agencies, with 792 full-time employees in fiscal year 2010.

References

External links
Oklahoma Employment Security Commission official website

Employment
Category:1941 establishments in Oklahoma


The Mylene Sheath

The Mylene Sheath is an American independent record label, founded by Lindsay Palmer and Joel Proper. The label originated in 2007 in Covington, KY / Cincinnati, OH, before later relocating to Athens, Georgia. They have always released music on vinyl with a strong focus on the quality of the physical product.

The first release The Mylene Sheath put out was in August 2007, it was the debut record by If These Trees Could Talk. They went on to subsequently release albums from Caspian and Beware of Safety before the end of the year.

To date, the label has over sixty releases, including albums from Pelican, Jakob, Caspian, Heiress, Junius, Dust Moth, and Aeges.

Artists
The Mylene Sheath has released records for the following bands:
Actors&Actresses
Aeges
Angel Eyes
Beneath Oblivion
Beware of Safety
Caspian
Chasma
Constants
Dust Moth
Eksi Ekso
Gifts From Enola
Heiress
Herra Terra
If These Trees Could Talk
Jakob
Junius
Lavinia
Lvngs
Minot
Pelican
San Angelus
You.May.Die.In.The.Desert

Discography

References

Category:American record labels
Category:Indie rock record labels
Category:Rock record labels
Category:Record labels established in 2007
Category:DIY culture


1010 Marlene

Marlene (minor planet designation: 1010 Marlene), provisional designation , is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 47 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 November 1923, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after German actress and singer Marlene Dietrich.

Classification and orbit

Marlene is not a member of any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.2 AU once every 5.02 years (1,832 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.

The asteroid was first identified as  at the discovering observatory in October 1903. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in January 1924, more than two months after its official discovery observation.

Physical characteristics

Marlene is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

Rotation period

Photometric measurements of Marlene – made by American astronomer Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (), Colorado, in February 2005 – showed a lightcurve with a longer-than average rotation period of  hours and a brightness variation of  in magnitude (). Most asteroids have periods shorter than 20 hours.

Another lightcurve, obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy, gave a period of 29.0 hours and an amplitude of 0.17 magnitude ().

Spin axis

In 2013 and 2016, an international study modeled a lightcurve with a concurring period of 31.0651 and 31.066 hours, respectively. The study also determined two spin axis of (299.0°, 42.0°) and (106.0°, 47.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) ().

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Marlene measures between 43.47 and 51.085 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.0647.

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.054 and a diameter of 43.38 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.6.

Naming

This minor planet was named after German-born Marlene Dietrich (1901–1992), actor, singer and high-profile entertainer during World War II. The name was proposed by astronomer Gustav Stracke. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ().

Notes

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center

001010
Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
Category:Minor planets named for people
Category:Named minor planets
19231112


Pâ

Pâ is a town in the Pâ Department of Balé Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 8649 and it is the capital of Pâ Department.

References

External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com

Category:Populated places in the Boucle du Mouhoun Region
Category:Balé Province


Twin Trading

Twin Trading was an alternative trading company in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1985 and was based in London.

Twin Trading was wholly owned by Twin, a registered charity and membership organisation. It was co-founded by Michael Barratt Brown, who was also at one time its chairman.. In November 2019 it was bought by Sustainable Harvest, a United States-based green coffee importer.

Twin was founded as the Third World Information Network with the support of the Greater London Council. In 1988 it began to import coffee, sold through Oxfam and Traidcraft, leading to the 1988 founding of Cafédirect by Twin with Oxfam, Traidcraft and Equal Exchange Trading. In 1993, Twin helped chocolate farmers in Ghana to found the Kuapa Kokoo co-operative, and in 1998 Divine Chocolate was formed, largely owned by Kuapa Kokoo, to market Fairtrade chocolate. Twin also launched OKÉ and Liberation Nuts.

References

External links

Category:Alternative trading organizations


Varaksino

Varaksino () is a rural locality (a village) in Rostilovskoye Rural Settlement, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 259 as of 2002.

Geography
The distance to Gryazovets is 45 km, to Rostilovo is 24 km. Ievlevo is the nearest rural locality.

References

Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast


Gogrial Airport

Gogrial Airport is an airport in South Sudan.

Location
Gogrial Airport  is located in Gogrial West County, Gogrial State, in the town of Gogrial, near the borders with the Republic of Sudan and the Abyei Region. The airport is located within the central business district of the town.

This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Juba International Airport, the largest airport in South Sudan. The geographic coordinates of this airport are: 8° 32' 24.00"N, 28° 06' 0.00"E (Latitude: 8.8670; Longitude: 28.1170). Gogrial Airport is situated  above sea level. The airport has a single unpaved runway, the dimensions of which are not publicly known at this time.

Overview
Gogrial Airport is a small civilian airport that serves the town of Gogrial and surrounding communities. There are no scheduled airline flights to Gogrial Airport at this time.

See also
 List of airports in South Sudan
 Warrap (state)

References

External links
Location of Gogrial Airport At Google Maps

Category:Airports in South Sudan
Category:Warrap (state)
Category:Bahr el Ghazal


Police Academy (TV series)

Police Academy (also known as Police Academy: The Animated Series) is a 1989 American animated television series based on the Police Academy series of films. The show was produced by Ruby-Spears Enterprises for Warner Bros. Television. It aired weekdays and lasted two seasons for a total of 65 episodes.

Some episodes feature a crime boss named Kingpin. His keen intelligence, girth, and stature are very similar to the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Other new characters were added to the show as well. Among them were a group of talking police dogs called the Canine Corps. They were made up of Samson (the bulldog leader), Lobo (the noble yet clumsy husky), Bonehead (the dimwitted giant St. Bernard), Chilipepper (the excitable chihuahua), and Schitzy (the only female golden retriever with an identity crisis). The theme song is performed by the Fat Boys who also make an appearance in two episodes as House's Friends: Big Boss, Cool and Mark. Robert Folk's theme for the movies is used, uncredited, over the closing credits.

Synopsis
The animated series takes place chronologically between the fourth and fifth films.

Thirteen characters are re-created for this animated version, including a team of Academy graduates led by Carey Mahoney, a likeable rogue bachelor boy, who unconsciously—and consistently—does his best to make life miserable for Captain Harris and his knucklehead assistant Sgt. Proctor.

Mahoney's friends include the aptly named Moses Hightower, sound effects master Larvell Jones, trigger-happy Eugene Tackleberry, sweet and timid Laverne Hooks, hardened Debbie Callahan, colossal House, and the duo of reformed gang member Zed McGlunk and his best buddy, Carl Sweetchuck.

Eric Lassard is the highly respected (albeit dreamy) Commandant, and Academy newcomer The Professor is also on hand, and also the cadets new friends, the K-9 Corps, a group of police dogs, and stocking the crime-fighting heroes with an endless supply of wacky gadgets as they combat a motley crew of Kingpin and other recurring villains such as Numbskull, The Claw, Mr. Sleaze, Lockjaw, and Amazona.

Characters
 Carey Mahoney – The most clever among the cadets. Mahoney is always ready to lend a hand to his companions. He is the patrol partner of Larvell Jones.
 Larvell Jones – Mahoney's usual sidekick. He is a martial arts master, but his main talent is beatboxing – he is able to imitate all manner of noises, including sirens, gunfire, helicopters, and so forth.
 Carl Sweetchuck – Sweetchuck is the most cowardly of the group. He is very accident prone and oblivious to the harm caused by his clumsiness. His patrol partner is Zed.
 Zed McGlunk – Zed is the messy and unkempt member of the group. Zed usually drags his partner along in his wily and erratic pursuits.
 Moses Hightower – Hightower is known for his great size and physical strength. His stature often comes into play when the characters find themselves in situations in which bars must be bent or walls need to smashed through. He is patrol partner with Laverne Hooks.
 Laverne Hooks – Hooks is small, soft-spoken, and passive. However, she has shown herself capable of being extremely forceful and loud in situations in which she is provoked.
 Thomas "House" Conklin – "House" is known for his large frame and his congenial nature. He is always hungry and proves himself to be cowardly. He patrols with Sweetchuck and Zed and often accompanies them in their escapades.
 Eugene Tackleberry – Characterized by a pronounced jaw and almost always wears glasses and helmet, is a weapons fanatic. He has a weakness for his fellow patrol Callahan. He often uses the armored car of the police which he usually wrecks. He is fond of using a bazooka.
 Debbie Callahan – Is the statuesque beauty of the group who is extremely resilient and has a beautiful singing voice.
 Capt. Thaddeus Harris – Always carries a walking stick and is almost always in the company of his sidekick Proctor. He often tries to humiliate the officers in order to gain a promotion, but fails miserably.
 Sgt. Carl Proctor – Is Capt. Harris' dim witted lieutenant.
 Capt. Ernie Mauser - Is a captain and head of the K-9 corps. He became good friends with Mahoney and his gang. He acts similar to Hurst when facing up to Harris' shenanigans.
 Com. Eric Lassard – The easygoing and idealistic commandant.
 Professor – He is the inventor of numerous devices.
 K-9 corps – They are trained dogs. They can talk, but only to themselves and other animals.

Other characters

Villains (criminals)
 Kingpin – He is the largest of all the bandits of various episodes of the series, and together makes a great ceremony to the Council of Crime.  He is a parody of Marvel Comic's Kingpin.  He is drawn as overweight, bald and always wearing a white suit.
 Weasel and Wooley - Kingpin's henchman.
 Numbskull - a not-too-bright criminal who uses a trick helmet to bash through the walls of his robbery targets.
 Mr. Sleaze
 Claw
 Phoenix Amazona a roller derby star turned thief.  She is a childhood friend of Callahan's.
 Lockjaw
 The Clown Gang
 The Phantom
 The London Bridge Gang
 The Phantom of the Opera
 George and Lenny
 Seedy McLeech
 Mr. Crameneil
 The Highway Robbers (Auntie Bertha and Cousins Ed and Ned)
 Madame Zelda and the Land Pirates
 Krantz
 The Magnificent Mystopholes
 Dr. Kamaleon
 Mr. Bimmelman
 Flung Hi
 The Hang Ten Gang
 Mr. Glitch and Cratchit
 Waxen Wayne
 Barracuda and his Diamond Gang
 Muggsy
 King Neptune
 Ace, Queen of Hearths and Chester
 Dr. Mackle, Miss Bomb and Marsupialman
 Falcon
 Big Sal
 Fox
 Mr. Watkips and Watso
 Lady Tina and Smalto
 Skull Ned and the Rock Gang
 Sheikh and the Guards
 The Incredible Shandar - a magician who uses reflective material to make his targets seem to disappear.
 Maxine
 Krutz and his gang
 The Mexican Gang
 Slik and his gang
 Pop Corn and Family
 Bad Knight and his Throttle Gang
 The Twin Humongo
 Professor Pilpers/Bates
 Jaguar
 Mr. Shee, Pork, Squitty and Fufy the crocodile
 Big Burger
 Mr. Ego and Charles
 Prof. Pherril and Pack
 Dr. Deadstone
 The Hillbilly Sheriff and Jack
 Noxo
 The Junkman John Lurid and Freker
 Mob Balsom
 Old Clyde Barrow, Bonnie and Butch
 Lidya and Pongo
 Schubert Von Schuters
 Robin Good  A parody of Robin Hood, who claims to give his stolen goods to the poor, but in fact he just keeps it.
 Tex and Mulgrew

Voice cast

Main

 Ron Rubin as Carey Mahoney
 Dan Hennessey as Zed McGlunk, Eugene "Tack" Tackleberry
 Howard Morris as Carl Sweetchuck, Professor
 Greg Morton as Larvell Jones, Moses Hightower
 Len Carlson as Capt. Thaddeus Harris
 Don Francks as Thomas "House" Conklin, Sgt. Carl Proctor
 Denise Pidgeon as Debbie Callahan, Laverne Hooks
 Tedd Dillon as Com. Eric Lassard

Additional

 R. Nelson Brown as Elwin Bixby -
 Dorian Joe Clark -
 Anthony Correa
 Gary Crawford -
 Catherine Gallant -
 Charles W. Gray -
 Rex Hagon as Mauser
 Elizabeth Hanna -
 Suzette Myers as Anchor
 Greg Swanson -
 Frank Welker -
 Noam Zylberman - Bobby, Bill

Crew
 Howard Morris - Voice Director

Broadcasting history
  United States
 First-run syndication

International broadcasts

In other languages
 Italian: Scuola di polizia (Police School)
 Spanish: Loca academia de policía/locademia de policía (Crazy Police Academy)
 Hungarian: Rendőrakadémia (Police College)
 Lithuanian: Policijos akademija (Police Academy)
 Arabic: أكاديمية الشرطة (Police Academy)

Other media

Home video releases

VHS
Police Academy was released through chronological volumes on VHS. At least 6 volumes were released, each including two episodes:

1° The Good, the Bad, and the Bogus + Cops and Robots
2° The Phantom of the Precinct + My Mummy Lies Over the Ocean
3° Worth Her Weight Gold + Westward Ho Hooks
4° Numbskull's Revenge + Mr. Sleaze Versus Lockjaw
5° Proctor, Call a Doctor! + Puttin' on the Dogs
6° Little Zed & Big Bertha + Lights, Action, Coppers

DVD
On December 11, 2012, Warner Archive released Police Academy: The Animated Series - Volume 1 with 30 episodes on DVD in region 1. This is a Manufacture-on-Demand (MOD) release, available exclusively through Warner's online store and Amazon.com.

Action figures
Kenner produced a line of Police Academy action figures based on the animated series. Each features multiple points of articulation and comical accessories. Two accessories, included with Claw and Eugene Tackleberry, would be reused for the Joker figures in Kenner's Dark Knight Collection. Five of the vehicles and playsets planned were left unproduced; however, the Copper Corner playset would later be released through the Argentinian company Josca.

Series 1 (1988)
 Carey Mahoney and Samson Dog
 Claw with Mouser Cat
 Eugene Tackleberry with Armed Flak Vest
 Larvell Jones and Bullhorn
 Moses Hightower and Meter Reader Scooter
 Mr. Sleaze with Fodo Dog
 Numbskull with Smashing Helmets
 Zed and Police Skateboard

Series 2 (1988)
 Captain Harris (mail-away)
 S.W.A.T. Eugene Tackleberry with Fistzooka
 Flung Hi with Crazy Karate Gear
 Kingpin with Thief-Trap Safe
 Karate Larvell Jones

Special Assignment Rookies (1989)
 Undercover Carey Mahoney
 Snack Attack House with Hoagie Blaster
 Stakeout Sweetchuck (mail-away)
 Sky Glidin' Zed with Hang Glider

Vehicles and playsets (1988)
 Crazy Cruiser
 Crash Cycle
 Precinct Police Station
 Copper Corner (released through Josco)

Comic books
Based on the cartoon series, Marvel comics released a short-lived comic book series under its "Star Comics" imprint.

Outsourced production work
 Hanna-Barbera
 Toei Animation

References

External links
 STA: Police Academy (Kenner)

Category:1988 American television series debuts
Category:1989 American television series endings
Category:Police Academy (franchise)
Category:1980s American animated television series
Category:Animated television programs based on films
Category:Television series by Ruby-Spears
Category:Television series by Warner Bros. Television
Category:First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Category:American animated television programs featuring anthropomorphic characters
Category:Action figures
Category:1980s toys
Category:English-language television programs
Category:TV Asahi shows
Category:Animation based on real people
Category:American children's animated comedy television series


Grapevine-Main Street station

Grapevine-Main Street station, also known as Main Street Depot, is a train station in Grapevine, Texas. The station is currently served by the TEXRail commuter rail line and the Grapevine Vintage Railroad.

Services

TEXRail
The Main Street station was an opening day station when revenue service began on January 10, 2019. The mayor of Grapevine remarked that he wanted the station to look like Fort Worth Central Station, another station on the TEXRail route that currently serves Amtrak trains and the Trinity Railway Express commuter rail line.

Grapevine Vintage Railroad
The Grapevine Vintage Railroad (GVRR) calls at a historic platform at Main Street station directly adjacent to the TEXRail platforms before continuing along the 21-mile (34 kilometer) Cotton Belt Corridor through to the Fort Worth Stockyards.

Gallery

References

External links
TEX Rail
Trinity Metro Station Concept

Category:TEXRail stations

Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 2019
Category:2019 establishments in Texas
Category:Railway stations opened in 1888
Category:1888 establishments in Texas
Category:Railway stations in Tarrant County, Texas


List of Pan American Games medalists in handball (men)

These are the Pan American Gamesc medalists in men's handball.

References

medalists


1935–36 Campionat de Catalunya

The 1935–36 Campionat de Catalunya season was the 37th since its establishment and was played between 1 September and 3 November 1935.

Overview before the season
Six teams joined the Division One league, including two that would play the 1935–36 La Liga and four from the 1935–36 Segunda División.

From La Liga
Barcelona
Espanyol

From Segunda División

Badalona
Girona
Júpiter
Sabadell

Division One

League table

Results

Top goalscorers

Division Two

League table

Category:Copa Catalunya seasons
Category:1935–36 in Spanish football


Teterev

Teterev () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Tetereva. It may refer to
Boris Teterev (born 1953), Latvian philanthropist
Ināra Tetereva (born 1953), Latvian patron of the arts and charity, wife of Boris
Vitaly Teterev (born 1983), Belarusian chess grandmaster

See also
Teteriv River

Category:Russian-language surnames


Amanda Lind

Amanda Sofia Margareta Lind (née Johansson, born 2 August 1980 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a politician for the Swedish Green Party. Since 2019, she has been the Minister for Culture and Democracy, with responsibility for sport and national minorities in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stefan Löfven.

Early life and education
From the age of three, Lind grew up in Luleå where her father Erik Hugo Johansson was a pastor and her mother Eva Bask Johansson was a pharmacist. Having studied at Umeå University, she received her doctorate in psychology in 2009.

Career
Lind became a member of Miljöpartiet de gröna, the Swedish Green Party, in 1999 and was a member of the Umeå municipal council from 2002 to 2004.

Lind worked as a child and adolescent psychologist for Västernorrland County council from 2009 to 2011. In 2010, she was appointed spokesperson for the Härnösand social affairs agency and in 2012 as spokesperson for Västernorrland.

Between 2011 and 2014, she chaired the social affairs committee in the municipality of Härnösand with responsibility for cultural, environmental, planning and recreational issues. Lind was municipal councillor and first vice-chair of the municipal council in Härnösand from 2014 to 2018. She became the Green Party secretary in 2016, succeeding Anders Wallner. In January 2019, she became the Swedish Minister for Culture and Democracy, with responsibility also for sport and national minorities.

Controversy
In 2019, the Chinese ambassador to Sweden Gui Congyou threatened Lind with a ban on entering his country when she attended Svenska PEN’s Tucholsky Prize ceremony in honor of Gui Minhai, a book publisher detained in China.

Personal life
Lind is married to filmmaker Björn Ola Lind. The couple have three children together. In her spare time she devotes herself to historical re-creation, tennis and handicrafts.

Lind and the Esperanto language
Lind knows Esperanto very well and in a fluent Esperanto addressed the 104th World Esperanto Congress which took place in Lahti, Finland from 20 to 27 July 2019. Here is the Esperanto message, with an English translation at right:

“Saluton, estimataj kongresanoj!

“Mi estas Amanda Lind, sveda ministro pri kulturo, demokratio, sporto kaj naciaj minoritatoj. Kiel ano de Miljöpartiet (la sveda verda partio) kaj la tutmonda verda movado, kaj vivanta naturo kaj floranta kulturo estas valoroj tre proksimaj al mia koro.

“Elkorajn bondezirojn mi sendas al la Universala kongreso. Renkontiĝoj kaj babilado inter homoj estas fundamento por vigla demokrata evoluo. Dankon al vi ĉiuj en la Esperanto-movado pro viaj kontribuoj por instigi komunikadon trans lingvaj kaj naciaj limoj. Ni estu unu homaro sur ĉi-unu terglobo!

“Amike.”

“Hello, esteemed congress delegates!

“I am Amanda Lind, Swedish Minister for Culture, Democracy, Sport and National Minorities. As a member of the Miljöpartiet (the Swedish Green Party) and the global Green movement, both living nature and flowering culture are values very close to my heart.

“I am delighted to send out my cordial good wishes to the World Congress. Meetings and conversations among people are the foundation for vibrant democratic development. Thank you all in the Esperanto movement for your contributions to encourage communication across language and national borders. Let's be one humanity on this one globe!

“In friendship.”

References

External links

The film of her short talk in Esperanto

Category:Living people
Category:1980 births
Category:Women government ministers of Sweden
Category:Swedish Ministers for Culture
Category:Umeå University alumni
Category:People from Luleå


Cheltenham Synagogue

The Cheltenham Synagogue is a synagogue in Cheltenham noted for its Regency architecture. It is an independent congregation located in the town centre on Synagogue Lane, off St James's Square.

Nikolaus Pevsner judges that the Cheltenham Synagogue is one of the architecturally "best" non-Anglican ecclesiastical buildings in Britain. It is a Grade II* listed building; the listing calls it "An outstanding example of a small provincial English synagogue".

History
The congregation first met in about 1820 in a hired space at the St George's Place entrance to Manchester Walk. The cornerstone for the synagogue was laid on 25 July 1837. Founded when Cheltenham was a popular spa town, the synagogue declined with the town itself and closed in 1903. It reopened in 1939 to serve evacuees being rehoused from London, refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe and soldiers stationed in nearby bases, including a number of Americans.

Architecture
The elegant Regency building was designed by architect William Hill Knight (1837–9) who also designed the Cheltenham Public Library, now the Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum and Montpellier Walk.

The synagogue's chaste, Regency facade features Doric pilasters and a pediment. The interior features a coffered saucer dome – a typically Regency feature. At the centre of the dome a lantern made by Nicholas Adam provides natural light. The Georgian Torah ark and bimah are reused elements of the London New Synagogue in Leadenhall Street, of 1761: that congregation was in the process of building a new building, dedicated in 1838. The cost of wagon freight from London was £86.

A number of unusual elements of the original furnishings survive. Among these are the original rattan upholstery of the pews and bimah seats, and the prayer boards. One has the Yom Kippur prayers and the other has the prayer for the welfare of Queen Victoria. Victoria's name is superimposed over the names of previous British monarchs, the earliest of which is George II.

References

External links

 Cheltenham Hebrew Congregation on Jewish Communities and Records – UK (hosted by jewishgen.org).

Category:Orthodox synagogues in England
Category:Regency and Biedermeier synagogues
Category:Synagogues completed in 1839
Category:Buildings and structures in Cheltenham
Category:Regency architecture in the United Kingdom
Category:Religious buildings and structures in Gloucestershire
Category:Grade II* listed religious buildings and structures
Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Gloucestershire


Carmela Schmidt

Carmela Schmidt (born 16 May 1962 in Halle an der Saale) is a former freestyle swimmer from East Germany.

She won two bronze medals at the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. Schmidt also won the world title in the 1982 World Aquatics Championships, in the 400 m freestyle.

See also
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
 List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (women)

References
databaseOlympics

Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:German female swimmers
Category:Female freestyle swimmers
Category:Swimmers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic swimmers of East Germany
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for East Germany
Category:Sportspeople from Halle (Saale)
Category:Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Category:Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Category:European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming


PPS 1

Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development commonly abbreviated as PPS 1, is a document produced by the British Government to advise Local planning authorities on the delivery of sustainable development through the planning system. The current version was introduced in February 2005 and replaced Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) Note 1, General Policies and Principles, published in February 1997.

See also
Planning Policy Statements
Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004

Category:United Kingdom planning policy


Odd Fellows Temple (Lexington, Kentucky)

The Odd Fellows Temple in Lexington, Kentucky, also known as Skullers Jewelry, Inc., was built in Second Empire and Italianate style between 1869-1870.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It is a  by  building that is primarily Italianate in style, but has a Second Empire-styled top floor.

The listing includes "Skuller's Clock", a two-faced clock on an iron column about  in front of the store.

References

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Lexington, Kentucky
Category:Second Empire architecture in Kentucky
Category:Italianate architecture in Kentucky
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1870
Category:Odd Fellows buildings in Kentucky
Category:Buildings and structures in Lexington, Kentucky
Category:Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky


Somerset Gough-Calthorpe

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe  (23 December 1865 – 27 July 1937), sometimes known as Sir Somerset Calthorpe, was a Royal Navy officer and a member of the Gough-Calthorpe family. After serving as a junior officer during the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, he became naval attaché observing the actions of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War and then went on to command an armoured cruiser and then a battleship during the early years of the 20th century.

During the First World War Gough-Calthorpe initially served as commander of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet, then became Second Sea Lord and after that became Admiral commanding the Coastguard and Reserves. In the closing years of the War he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet, in which capacity he signed the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of all the Allies, by which the Ottoman Empire accepted defeat and ceased hostilities. The Occupation of Constantinople began with the Allied fleet entering Constantinople in November 1918 and it was Gough-Calthorpe's flagship, , that led the way.

After the War Gough-Calthorpe served as British Commissioner in the Ottoman Empire during a time of considerable political instability associated with the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and the allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.

Naval career

Early career
Born the son of Lieutenant-General Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, 7th Baron Calthorpe, by his marriage to Eliza Maria Chamier, Gough-Calthorpe joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in the training ship HMS Britannia on 15 January 1878. Promoted to midshipman on 19 March 1880, he was appointed to the armoured cruiser HMS Northampton, flagship of the North America and West Indies Station later that year. Promoted to sub-lieutenant on 19 March 1884, he joined the corvette HMS Rover in the Training Squadron in September 1885 and, after further promotion to lieutenant on 19 March 1886, he transferred to the battleship HMS Colossus in June 1886. After attending the torpedo school HMS Vernon, he joined the directing staff there in 1890 and was then in August 1891 was deployed to Hong Kong on torpedo duties, before rejoining the directing staff at HMS Vernon in January 1894. He became torpedo officer in the cruiser HMS St George on the Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa Station in October 1894 and saw action with naval brigades during the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War.

Promoted to commander on 1 January 1896, Gough-Calthorpe became Executive Officer in the armoured cruiser HMS Imperieuse, flagship of the Pacific Station, in March 1896. After another tour at HMS Vernon, he became commanding officer of the torpedo gunboat HMS Halcyon in the Mediterranean Fleet in September 1900. He went on to be commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Pandora during propeller trials at Portsmouth in July 1901, and, having been promoted to captain on 1 January 1902 and having attended a course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, he became naval attaché observing the actions of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War. He became commanding officer of the armoured cruiser HMS Roxburgh in November 1905 and then, having been appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order on 25 September 1906, he became commanding officer of the battleship HMS Hindustan in December 1907. He then became Captain of the Fleet for the Home Fleet in the battleship HMS Dreadnought in December 1909. He was advanced to Commander of the Royal Victorian Order on 2 August 1910. Promoted to rear admiral on 27 August 1911 and, having been appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 27 September 1912, he became second-in-command of the 1st Battle Squadron, with his flag in the battleship HMS St Vincent, in December 1912.

First World War

Gough-Calthorpe became commander of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet, with his flag in the armoured cruiser HMS Shannon, in July 1914 on the outbreak of the First World War. Advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 1 January 1916, he became Second Sea Lord in July 1916 and Admiral commanding the Coastguard and Reserves in December 1916. Promoted to vice-admiral on 26 April 1917, he became Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, with his flag in the battleship HMS Superb, in July 1917. In that capacity he established a complex convoy system to protect British and allied shipping at sea in the Mediterranean from attack by enemy submarines.

He went on to sign the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of all the Allies on 30 October 1918, by which the Ottoman Empire accepted defeat and ceased hostilities. Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France, complained that Admiral Dominique-Marie Gauchet had not been present at the treaty signing but the British Government gave Gough-Calthorpe its full backing. When the Allied fleet steamed into Constantinople in November 1918, it was Gough-Calthorpe's flagship, HMS Superb, that led the way.

After the war
Gough-Calthorpe became British Commissioner in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the War during a time of considerable political instability associated with the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and the allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. Appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George on 1 January 1919 and promoted to full admiral on 31 July 1919, he became Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in April 1920. He also became naval representative to the Permanent Armaments Commission of the League of Nations in July 1920.

Gough-Calthorpe was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 3 June 1922, appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for the Isle of Wight on 14 February 1924 and appointed First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp to the King on 31 July 1924. Promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 8 May 1925, he retired in May 1930 and, having been appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Southampton on 26 March 1932, died at his home in Ryde on the Isle of Wight on 27 July 1937.

Family

Gough-Calthorpe married at St George's, Hanover Square, London on 27 February 1900 Effie Dunsmuir, daughter of Hon. Robert Dunsmuir, of Craigdarroch Castle, Victoria, British Columbia, and his wife, Joan White, daughter of Alexander White, of Kilmarnock, Scotland. They had no children.

Honours and awards
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath – 3 June 1922 (KCB – 1 January 1916; CB – 27 September 1912)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George – 1 January 1919
Commander of the Royal Victorian Order – 2 August 1910 (MVO – 25 September 1906)
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) – 12 December 1918
Medal of Military Merit (Greece) – 16 September 1919
Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy) – 6 April 1918
Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (Greece) – 24 May 1919
Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy (Italy) – 16 September 1919

See also
Armistice of Mudros
Occupation of Istanbul

References

Sources

External links

Category:Lords of the Admiralty
Category:Royal Navy admirals of the fleet
Category:Royal Navy admirals of World War I
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Hampshire
Category:1865 births
Category:1937 deaths
Category:Gough-Calthorpe family
Category:People of the Russo-Japanese War
Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire
Category:Younger sons of barons


Elaeocarpus coriaceus

Elaeocarpus coriaceus is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is found only in Sri Lanka.

References

coriaceus
Category:Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
Category:Endangered plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Guatteria calliantha

Guatteria calliantha is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.

References

calliantha
Category:Endemic flora of Peru
Category:Vulnerable flora of South America
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Georges Fulpius

Dr. Georges Fulpius (25 March 1886 – 23 September 1955) was a Swiss philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1953. From ca. 1920 onwards, Fulpius offered his Services as Official Expert, notably for the Durheim Issues (Ortspost, Poste Locale, Rayon I, II, III). Many better pieces of swiss classic Philately still bear Fulpius' signature.

References

Category:Swiss philatelists
Category:1886 births
Category:1955 deaths
Category:Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
Category:Fellows of the Royal Philatelic Society London


Makubetsu Station

is a train station in Makubetsu, Nakagawa District, Hokkaidō, Japan.

Lines
Hokkaido Railway Company
Nemuro Main Line Station K34

Adjacent stations

Category:Railway stations in Hokkaido Prefecture
Category:Railway stations opened in 1905


Stasys Petronaitis

Stasys Petronaitis (August 8, 1932 – May 2, 2016) was a Soviet and Lithuanian actor of theater and cinema. Honored Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1982).

In 1950-1951 he studied in the studio under the direction of Juozas Miltinis. He worked as an actor drama theater in the city of Panevezys (in 1951–1973 years).

Many appeared in films,   making his debut in 1953 in the movie  directed by Aleksandr Faintsimmer.

Wife —  Regina Zdanavičiūtė (1925-2015), also an actress of theater and cinema; Honored Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1974), People's Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1985).

References

External links

 Стасис Пятронайтис краткая биография и фильмография

Category:1932 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Soviet male actors
Category:20th-century Lithuanian male actors
Category:Soviet male film actors
Category:Soviet male stage actors
Category:Lithuanian male film actors
Category:Lithuanian male television actors


Robin Maconie

Robin John Maconie (born 22 October 1942 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a New Zealand composer, pianist, and writer.

Robin Maconie studied with Frederick Page and Roger Savage at the Victoria University of Wellington, receiving a Master of Arts in the History and Literature of Music in 1964. He studied analysis with Olivier Messiaen in 1963–64 at the Paris Conservatoire, and in 1964–65 studied composition for film and radio under Bernd Alois Zimmermann, and electronic music under Herbert Eimert at the Cologne Conservatory. He also studied composition with Karlheinz Stockhausen, Henri Pousseur, and Luc Ferrari at the Second Cologne Courses for New Music, as well as piano with Aloys Kontarsky, conducting with Herbert Schernus, and information science with Georg Heike.

Following a temporary lectureship at the University of Auckland, New Zealand in 1967–69, Maconie emigrated to England to study for a Ph.D in the Psychology of Music at Southampton University. In 1974 Maconie was appointed lecturer in music and technology at the University of Surrey, where he continued until 1985. In 1997 he was appointed Professor of Performing Arts at the Savannah College of Art and Design in Georgia (U.S.).  In 2002 he returned to New Zealand, where he lives in Dannevirke.

Compositions (selective list)
Epstein (film score), for flute, oboe, and bassoon (1960)
Sonata, for clarinet and piano (1961)
No Man Is an Island (film score), for speaker, solo voices, chorus, and horn (1961)
Sound of Seeing (film score, A. Williams) (1962)
Basia Memoranda (song cycle), voice and string quartet (1962)
Canzona, for chamber orchestra (1962)
Music for a Masque, for strings  (1962)
Six Easy Pieces, for piano (1962)
Three Pieces, for cello (1962)
Runaway (film score, John O'Shea film), (1963)
Forbush and the Penguins (radio play) (1966)
The First Wife, radio play, (1967)
Maui (TV ballet, Maconie, after J. White: Ancient History of Maori), speaker, mime, 6 male dancers, and orchestra (1967–72, rev. 1986)
Four-Part Invention, for piano (1963)
A:B:A, for harp (1964)
Ex evangelio Sancti Marci, for chorus (1964)
A:D:C, for piano (1965)
Solo, d, vc, (1965)
Who will be the next statistic?, electronic music (1966)
Sonata in Binary Form, for string quartet (1968)
String Quartet (1970)
Limina, modified soundtrack (1975)
Prelude, for 2 amplified melody instruments (1976)
Mozart-Kugel, round in 14 parts (1977)
Pastoral, for violin (1977)
Ricercar, for cello (1977)
Commedia, for clarinet, volin, violoncello, and piano, with amplification (1979)
Raku, for ensemble (1981)
Touché, five movements for computer-generated sound (1983)
Measures, computer-generated tape  (1984)
Night Porter’s Carol, for SATB choir (1991)
15 Songs for The Caucasian Chalk Circle (after Brecht) (2001)
Lachrymae: Six Movements for String Orchestra (2005)
Gold Fever, 21 songs from the gold rush era, for schools and amateurs (2007)

Writings
1972. "Stockhausen's Mikrophonie I: Perception in Action." Perspectives of New Music 10, no. 2 (Spring-Summer): 92–101.
1972. "Stravinsky's Final Cadence", Tempo new series, no.103:18–23.
1973. "Momente in London." Tempo  new series, no. 104:32–33.
1974. "New Notations for the New Sounds." Times Literary Supplement (21 June)
1974. "Stockhausen's Inori." Tempo  new series, no. 111 (December): 32–33.
1976a. The Works of Karlheinz Stockhausen. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. .  Second edition 1990. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1976b. "Harries' Proposed Notation for Visual Fine Art." Leonardo 9, no. 1 (Winter): 86–87.
(ed.) 1979. The Young World of Early Music. Supplement to Early Music 7 no. 3 (July 1979). Oxford: Oxford University Press; New York: New York: Cumberlege.
1980. Tuning In. Script for BBC-1 Omnibus TV documentary on Karlheinz Stockhausen, directed by Barrie Gavin.
(ed.) 1989. Stockhausen on Music: Lectures and Interviews  London; New York: Marion Boyars.  . Paperbound 1991; new edition 2000. Korean edition 1995; Portuguese (Brazil) edition 2009; Chinese edition 2009 (forthcoming).
1990. The Concept of Music.  Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. . Spanish edition, as La música como concepto, translated by José Luis Gil Aristu. El Acantilado 154. Barcelona: Acantilado, 2007. .
1991. "Opera aperta." Canzona: The Official Yearbook of the Composers' Association of New Zealand 14, no. 34:3–8.
1994. Hutchinson Pocket Dictionary of Classical Music. Oxford: Helicon Press. US edition 1997, Lincolnwood, Ill.: NTC Publishing Group
1997. The Science of Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1998a. "An Open Letter to New Zealand Composers." Canzona: The Official Yearbook of the Composers' Association of New Zealand 19, no. 40:23-24.
1998b. "Stockhausen at 70: Through the Looking Glass."  Musical Times  139, no. 1863 (Summer): 4-11.
2002. The Second Sense: Language, Music, and Hearing. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.
2004. "Message of Light: Goethe, Stockhausen and the New Enlightenment."  Tempo 58, no. 230 (October): 2–8.
2005. Other Planets: The Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen. Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. .
2007. The Way of Music: Aural Training for the Internet Generation. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.
2010. Musicologia: Musical Knowledge from Plato to John Cage. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. .
2012. Avant Garde: An American Odyssey from Gertrude Stein to Pierre Boulez. Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth (UK): Scarecrow Press. .
2013. Experiencing Stravinsky: A Listener's Companion. Lanham, Md., Toronto, Plymouth, UK: The Scarecrow Press.  (cloth);  (ebook).
2016. Other Planets: The Complete Works of Karlheinz Stockhausen 1950–2007, updated edition. Lanham, MD, and London: Rowman & Littlefield. .

References
 Griffiths, Paul. 2001. "Maconie, Robin (John)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

External links
 Brief biography of composer
 Robin Maconie homepage

Category:Living people
Category:1942 births
Category:Academics of the University of Surrey
Category:20th-century classical composers
Category:21st-century classical composers
Category:New Zealand classical composers
Category:Male classical composers
Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni
Category:Pupils of Karlheinz Stockhausen
Category:20th-century male musicians
Category:21st-century male musicians