Joseph Robert Coulter

Joseph Robert "Bob" Coulter (1913–2006) was a Canadian Football player, pilot, and educator.

Coulter played football at the University of Toronto (1933-1935), becoming team captain and winning the first Johnny Copp Trophy in 1935.  He went on to play quarterback for the Toronto Argonauts in their 1936, 1940 & 1941 seasons.

Coulter earned an honours B.A. in English from the University of Toronto in 1935, his teachers' certificate a year later, and then taught English, History and Physical Education at North Toronto Collegiate Institute from 1936-1954.

During the Second World War (1942-1945) he enlisted as a pilot and became a Flying Officer earning his Pilot's wings.

From 1954-1958 Coulter taught English and French and was head of U of T's Extension Department responsible for the emerging field of adult education.

In 1958 Coulter was appointed Headmaster of St. Andrew's College (Aurora, Ontario) where he served until his retirement in 1974.  The college's Coulter Hall was named in his honour.  In 1972 York University conferred an honorary Doctor of Letters upon Coulter.

He died July 12, 2006 in Bridgetown, Nova Scotia.

External links
 University of Toronto Sports Hall of Fame
 Dr. J. Robert Coulter Scholarship, St Andrews College, Aurora

Category:1913 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:Canadian football quarterbacks
Category:Toronto Argonauts players


Tennessee (Vivian Rorie song)

"Tennessee" by Vivian Rorie is one of several official state songs of the U.S. state  of Tennessee. It was adopted in 1992.

References

Category:Songs about Tennessee
Category:United States state songs


Wilton station (North Dakota)

Wilton station in Wilton, North Dakota was built in 1900. Designed by William J. Keith, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Sainte Marie Railroad Company Depot.  It is also known as Soo Line Depot.

According to its NRHP nomination, the station "is historically significant for its association with William Drew Washburn (1831-1912). It is architecturally distinctive for its incorporation of
a pagoda-like tower within what is otherwise a conventional design for a railroad
structure."

References

Category:Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in North Dakota
Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 1900
Category:Buildings and structures in McLean County, North Dakota
Category:Former Soo Line stations
Category:National Register of Historic Places in McLean County, North Dakota


Miss Indiana's Outstanding Teen

The Miss Indiana's Outstanding Teen competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of Indiana in the Miss America's Outstanding Teen pageant.

Hadley Abram of Bloomington was crowned Miss Indiana's Outstanding Teen on June 15, 2019 at the Zionsville Performing Arts Center in Zionsville, Indiana. She competed in the Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2020 pageant at the Linda Chapin Theater in the Orange County Convention Center on July 27, 2019 in Orlando, Florida where she was named a Top 15 Finalist.

Results summary
The following is a visual summary of the past results of Miss Indiana's Outstanding Teen titleholders presented in the table below. The year in parentheses indicates year of the Miss America's Outstanding Teen competition in which the placement and/or award was garnered.

Placements
 2nd runners-up: Audrey Ferguson (2016)
 Top 10: Sarah Gorecki (2006), Morgan Jackson (2008), Lydia Daley (2010), Katelyn Marak (2011)
 Top 12: Ellie Barmes (2018)
 Top 15: Hadley Abram (2020)

Awards

Preliminary awards
 Preliminary Talent: Lydia Daley (2010)

Winners

References

External links
 Official website

Indiana
Category:Indiana culture
Category:Women in Indiana
Category:Annual events in Indiana


Rhododendron album

Rhododendron album is a species of plant in the family Ericaceae. It is endemic to Java in Indonesia.  It is a vulnerable species threatened by habitat loss.

Description
Rhododendron album is white, but can also appear lilac, depending on the hybrid.  The stamen is often a different color, such as orange or pink. The flower is four to six inches high, and blooms in the spring, staying green throughout autumn. (Bay Science Foundation, 2008)

In 1998, Rhododendron album was deemed vulnerable by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, meaning that it faces a high risk of extinction in the mid-term future unless proper conservation methods are employed (Whitten et al. 1996).

Rhododendron album is native to Java (Indonesian Jawa), Indonesia. It is mostly found in the increasingly smaller high elevation forests throughout western and central Java.

Threats

Habitat loss
Rhododendron album is threatened by habitat loss. The habitat loss is due to agriculture, extraction of trees and other species of plants, as well as expansion of infrastructure throughout Java’s forests. The degradation of Java’s forests is more intense in lower elevations, but higher elevations where the plant grows are also affected. (Whitten et al. 1996).

Most of Java’s forests have been cleared, and what is left is generally located in mountainous areas. The forests are legally protected, although locals continue to extract trees for timber and firewood, and many depend on the trees for their livelihood. Tree cutting in many places in Java has changed the forest to the point that large parts of former forest are now covered with shrubs, and forest degradation, especially as a result of tree cutting, is widespread throughout. (Smiet, 1992).

In order to save the species, more education and a stricter enforcement of the law against tree cutting is required. The Indonesian government must also reach an agreement with locals in Java, as the local's livelihoods often depend on the wood from the trees of these forests.

Uses and Stakeholders
Rhododendron album is grown widely in nurseries throughout the world, especially in the United States. Much research has been done developing hybrids with high aesthetic value. One of the earliest hybrids created was the Rhododendron cawtawbiense var. album, known as the Catawba album. It was bred in 1886 by Anthony Waterer, an early hybridizer (Paghat, 2008).

Besides maintaining biodiversity, Rhododendron album is important for its aesthetic value. Rhododendron album, along with the many other variations and hybrids, are popular plants in the landscaping industry, and are used for a variety of decorations, including wedding and special occasion bouquets, corsages, and other floral arrangements.

Diseases and research
Although nurseries have contributed to the continued survival of the plant, they have not been able to save all of them, and there have been outbreaks of disease. These diseases, caused by various bacteria and fungi, have been severe and widespread.

Pseudomonas cichorii
In 1995, the bacteria Pseudomonas cichorii was discovered on container-grown rhododendrons in a nursery in Georgia, USA. The spots were at first very small, one to five millimeters in diameter, but soon grew into large, reddish brown blotches. (Uddin & McCarter, 1996).

Phytophthora ramorum
In 2002 and 2003, studies in nurseries throughout California and Oregon tested for Phytophthora ramorum. The symptoms of the disease were large necrotic spots with water soaked outside borders and rust colored centers. Symptomatic plants were collected, and DNA was extracted from the spots. After amplifying it with a PCR assay, GenBank matched the DNA to that of Phytophthora ramorum and P. lateralis. In 2004, Rhododendron leaves with similar symptoms were studied and showed the host range of P. hibernalis as well (Blomquist et al. 2005).

In a test of the susceptibility of five different types of Rhododendron to P. ramorum, samples were exposed to a zoospore suspension and left in a moist environment for 10 days. Measurements taken after the incubation period showed differences in susceptibility between the five types. Catawbiense album, the only variation of R. album used in the study, was found to be more susceptible than three of the other types of rhododendron (McDonalad et al. 2006).

Tissue Proliferation
Tissue proliferation is another disorder Rhododendron album has encountered in nurseries. It was first found in the mid-1980s and is characterized by tumor like growths. These growths are usually towards the bottom of the stem, but can be above or below the soil line (Zimmerman, 1997).

When first discovered, there was worry among nursery owners and growers. It is now thought that the disease is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Researchers have been working to isolate the bacteria, and also have asked for help from nurseries and growers in looking for links to possible causes. At least 15 states, along with Canada and the U.K. have reported cases of tissue proliferation (Zimmerman, 1997).

Breeding cycle and repopulation
Steps are being taken towards saving and repopulating the plant. In 1955, researchers attempted to shorten the breeding cycle of the Rhododendron catawbiense album. They knew that if dormant buds of R. catawbiense album were dormant for too long, they were subject to breakage. They found that when keeping the plants at between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius, the number of growth periods was increased, and the speed of growth in many of the plants was twice that of a natural day. When applied to seedlings, this treatment cut the time taken to flower in half. (Doorenbos, 1955).

References

 Bay Science Foundation. Rhododendron Album. Revised April 27, 2008
 World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 1998. Rhododendron album. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 April 2008.
 Whitten, T., Soeriaatmadja, R.E. and Afiff, S.A. 1996. The Ecology of Java and Bali. The Ecology of Indonesia Series. Volume III. Periplus Editions, Republic of Singapore.
 Alfred C Smiet. Forest ecology on Java: Human Impact and Vegetation of Montane Forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology May 1992 Vol. 8, No 2 p 129-152.
 Vincent Nijman, S. (Bas) van Balen (1998) A faunal survey of the Dieng Mountains, Central Java, Indonesia: distribution and conservation of endemic primate taxa Oryx, Volume 32 Issue 2 Page 145-156, April 1998
 Paghat, 2008 Paghat’s Garden Accessed 27 April 2008
 W. Uddin & S. M. McCarter. First Report of Rhododendron Leaf Spot Caused by Pseudomonas cichorii . The American Phytopathological Society, May 30, 1996
 McDonalad, V., Grunwald, N.J., Linderman, R.G. 2006 Evaluation of Infection Potential and Sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum on five Rhododendron Cultivars. Phytopathology. 96:S75. 1 June 2006
 Richard H. Zimmerman.  A review of tissue proliferation of Rhododendron. International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-Like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures p 355-356. 1997
 J. Doorenbos. Shortening the breeding cycle of rhododendron. Euphytica Vol. 4 No. 2 July 1955
 Brand M. H; Kiyomoto R. Redevelopment of tissue proliferation symptoms in rooted Rhododendron cuttings. HortScience 1999, vol. 34, no 4, pp. 723–726
 Homer E. Salley & Harold E. Greer. Rhododendron Hybrids 1992 Timber Press p. viii

album
Category:Endemic flora of Java
Category:Vulnerable plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Sugar (My Bloody Valentine song)

"Sugar" is a song by the alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine. It was released as a non-album split single with Pacific, whose song "December, with the Day" is featured as the single's b-side. "Sugar"/"December, with the Day" was released in February 1989 on Creation Records and issued free with issue 67 of the British music magazine The Catalogue.

Written by vocalist and guitarist Kevin Shields, "Sugar" was recorded prior to the initial recording sessions for the band's second studio album Loveless (1991). Creation Records had requested My Bloody Valentine to record a track for The Catalogue and coincidentally "right at the same time, Bill Carey, a friend [of the band] who worked in a studio said that anytime [they] wanted to mess around in a studio, [they] could, so [they] went in and made ["Sugar"] up."

Originally released as a square 7-inch flexi disc, "Sugar" was later featured as the b-side on the 1992 French pressing of "Only Shallow". A remastered version was released on the compilation album EP's 1988–1991 (2012). Critics have described the song as "a drowsily sweet, raggedly swaying number" and "structurally pitched somewhere in between the sonic excesses of Isn't Anything and experimental passages on Loveless".

Track listing

Personnel
My Bloody Valentine
Kevin Shields – vocals, guitar
Bilinda Butcher – guitar
Debbie Googe – bass
Colm Ó Cíosóig – drums

Technical personnel
My Bloody Valentine – production

References

Category:1989 songs
Category:1989 singles
Category:My Bloody Valentine (band) songs
Category:Creation Records singles
Category:Split singles
Category:Songs written by Kevin Shields


USS Braine (DD-630)

USS Braine (DD-630), a Fletcher-class destroyer, was a ship of the United States Navy named for Rear Admiral Daniel L. Braine (1829–1898), who served in the Civil War and explored the Arctic.

Braine was launched 7 March 1943 by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine; sponsored by Mrs. Daniel L. Braine, wife of a grandson of Rear Admiral Braine, and commissioned 11 May 1943, Commander J. F. Newman, Jr., in command.

The Braine served in the South Pacific through the end of the war, participating in shore bombardments and troop landings. After the war, she was placed in reserve at Charleston Navy Yard from 1946 until 1951. She was recommissioned and served with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean, and later Task Force 77 in the Seventh Fleet.

The Braine was decommissioned in 1971 and transferred to Argentina, renamed Almirante Domecq Garcia. She was sunk as a target ship in 1983 off Mar del Plata by ARA Drummond and ARA San Luis.

Service history

World War II
Departing the United States east coast in the summer of 1943, Braine sailed via San Francisco to Pearl Harbor as an escort for troop transports. She then proceeded directly to Wake Island where she participated in its bombing and bombardment (5–6 October 1943). Between 1 and 3 November, Braine took part in the initial landings in Empress Augusta Bay, Bougainville. During the following two months, she escorted resupply echelons to the Bougainville beachhead.

1944
On 15 February 1944, Braine participated in the Green Island landing. She steamed into Rabaul Harbor under enemy fire for night shore bombardment of enemy installations (24–25 February). On 20 March, she supported landings on Emirau Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Braine spent the ensuing months in escort work and training for the Marianas invasion.

On 14 June, she took part in the bombardment of Tinian Island, and received minor damage from a small caliber shell but continued operations in the Marianas until 23 June. After spending almost a month in the United States, she sailed for the Philippines, via Pearl Harbor. Braine rendered fire support during the Leyte landings (20 October), and repelled an enemy air attack on 18 November.

1945
From 4 to 15 January 1945, she participated in the Lingayen Gulf landings. Braine then proceeded to Manila Bay to support landings on the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor (14–28 February 1945). She served as a radar picket and support ship for the landing forces at Zamboanga and subsequently at Pollack Harbor, Mindanao (17 March–23 April). She took part in the Okinawa operations as a radar picket ship (16–25 May). On 27 May, the destroyer was hit in quick succession by two suicide planes. The first hit forward seriously damaged the bridge, and the second hit amidships blew number two funnel overboard and demolished the amidships superstructure. Braine retired to Kerama Retto, Ryukyu Islands, for emergency repairs; departed 19 June; and arrived in the United States 19 July 1945.

On 21 July, Braine steamed to Boston for repairs and then proceeded to Charleston Navy Yard for inactivation. She was placed out of commission in reserve 26 July 1946 at Charleston.

1951 – 1971
Recommissioned 6 April 1951, Braine conducted training in the Atlantic and Caribbean and in the spring of 1952 sailed to the Mediterranean for duty with the 6th Fleet. In October, she returned to duty in coastal waters. She joined the 6th Fleet again in May 1953, and remained until October. Between October 1953 and 2 November 1954, she underwent a yard period, conducted refresher training in the Caribbean, and local operations in the vicinity of Newport. On 30 November 1954, she departed for the Pacific and became a unit of Cruisers-Destroyers Pacific Fleet, in mid-December 1954.

Early in January 1955, she proceeded to Yokosuka, Japan, and joined Task Force 77. Braine participated in the evacuation of the Tachen Islands in February and later operated on the Formosa patrol. She returned to the west coast 19 June 1955.

Braines next departure from the west coast was on 13 February 1956, to conduct another Western Pacific cruise. She returned to California 22 July 1956 and operated in the San Diego and San Francisco areas.

In 1964, Braine was one of several ships that took part in the movie In Harm's Way.

On 17 August 1971, Braine was decommissioned, stricken from the US Navy List, and transferred to Argentina through the Security Assistance Program.

ARA Almirante Domecq Garcia (D23)

The Argentine Navy took possession of Braine on 17 August 1971 and renamed her ARA Almirante Domecq Garcia (D23) after Admiral Manuel Domecq Garcia. She was sunk as a target on 7 October 1983 by ARA Drummond and ARA San Luis at

Awards
Braine earned nine battle stars for her World War II service.

References

External links

  navsource.org: USS Braine
 hazegray.org: USS Braine
USS Braine website

Category:Fletcher-class destroyers of the United States Navy
Category:Ships built in Bath, Maine
Category:1943 ships
Category:World War II destroyers of the United States
Category:Cold War destroyers of the United States
Almirante Domecq Garcia
Category:Cold War destroyers of Argentina


Tihawali

Tihawali

Tihawali village, Sikar District, Rajasthan State, PinCode 332307, Std. Code 01571
Located 16 km away from Fatehpur Shekhawati and 6 km from Mandawa Nearby villages Sadinsar, Khalashi,Tihay, Bhakakrwashi,Nangali, etc  .

Category:Villages in Sikar district


Hyophorbe lagenicaulis

Hyophorbe lagenicaulis, the bottle palm or palmiste gargoulette, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae.
It is native to Round Island, Mauritius.

Description

Bottle palm has a large swollen (sometimes bizarrely so) trunk.  It is a myth that the trunk is a means by which the palm stores water.  Bottle palms have only four to six leaves open at any time. The leaves of young palms have a red or orange tint, but a deep green is assumed at maturity. The flowers of the palm arise from under the crownshaft.

This species is often confused with its relative, the Spindle Palm, which also has a swollen trunk. However the Spindle palm's trunk swells in the middle (resembling the shape of a spindle), whereas the trunk of the Bottle palm swells from near the base and tapers further up.
Its inflorescence branches in 4 orders, and its 2.5 cm fruits can be orange or black. The trunk of both species becomes more and more slender as the palm ages.

Within Mauritius, the only other extant Hyophorbe species is the common Hyophorbe vaughanii. The Bottle palm can be distinguished from this species however, by its swollen trunk when young; by its much smaller (2.5 cm) orange or black fruits; and by its inflorescence, which branches in four orders rather than three.

Distribution and habitat
The bottle palm is naturally endemic to Round Island, off the coast of Mauritius.
While habitat destruction may destroy the last remaining palms in the wild, the survival of the species is assured due to its ubiquitous planting throughout the tropics and subtropics as a specimen plant. It is one of three Hyophorbe species which naturally occur in Mauritius, and one of only two that are still extant.

Cultivation
Bottle palms are very cold sensitive and are killed at 0 °C (32 °F) or colder for any appreciable length of time.  They may survive a brief, light frost, but will have foliage damage.  Only southern Florida and Hawaii provide safe locations in the USA to grow Bottle Palm, although mature flowering specimens may be occasionally be seen in favored microclimates around Cape Canaveral and Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater in coastal central Florida.  It makes a fine container-grown palm in other locations as long as it is protected from the cold and not overwatered.

See also
The Beaucarnea (ponytail palms et al.) are sometimes called bottle palms.

References

lagenicaulis
Category:Endemic flora of Mauritius
Category:Critically endangered plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


1985 1000 km of Fuji

The 1985 Fuji 1000 Kilometres was the ninth round of the 1985 World Endurance Championship as well as the fifth round of the 1985 All Japan Endurance Championship.  It took place at the Fuji Speedway, Japan on October 6, 1985.

Rain
Prior to the start of the race, heavy rain fell on the Fuji circuit.  Several racing teams were concerned with the safety of the circuit under such conditions, even leading to the Italiya Lancia withdrawing just prior to the warm-up laps.  Although the race started, the first ten laps were held under caution in order for the drivers to adapt to the wet circuit.  Three teams chose to immediately withdraw before the first lap was even completed, including the two Rothmans Porsches.  Within the next several laps, both Tom Walkinshaw Jaguars also returned to the pits to withdraw.  The first Japanese squad to withdraw after the race began was the Alpha Cubic Porsche, stopping after only six laps, and followed two laps later by both Mazdas.  By time caution was withdrawn at the beginning of the eleventh lap, fifteen cars had already returned to the pits to withdraw.  They were joined a lap later by the Bartlett Chevron, the last remaining European entry.

Eighteen cars remained in the event, all Japanese squads.  The torrential rain continued however, and after two hours of racing, the organisers chose to end the event after completing only a fourth of the scheduled distance.  As the race was shortened, half points were awarded in the Teams Championship, as well as the Drivers Championship, but only to those drivers who had actually had a chance to drive during the race.

Official results
Class winners in bold.  Cars failing to complete 75% of the winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).

Statistics
 Pole Position - #2 Rothmans Porsche - 1:15.92
 Average Speed - 135.379 km/h

References

Fuji
Fuji
Category:6 Hours of Fuji


Susan Stinsmuehlen-Amend

Susan Stinsmuehlen-Amend (born 1948) is a glass and mixed media artist who lives and works in Ojai, California.

Biography
Born in Baltimore, MD, Stinsmuehlen-Amend was educated at Hood College, Indiana University at Bloomington, and the University of Texas at Austin. She studied painting and drawing before going on to run an Austin, TX architectural glass business, Renaissance Glass, starting in 1973. Stinsmuehlen-Amend studied with glass artists Narcissus Quagliata and Paul Marioni. Marioni invited her to be his assistant at Pilchuck in 1980.

Stinsmuehlen-Amend has been a guest artist and lecturer at many schools, including Penland School of Crafts, Rhode Island School of Design, Rochester Institute of Technology, Tyler School of Art, North Lands Creative Glass (Scotland), and the Pilchuck Glass School (1980-1997). In addition, she served as the first female president of the board of directors of the Glass Art Society from 1984-1986.

About her work
Stinsmuehlen-Amend concentrated initially on experimental pieces that defied idealized standards of beauty, taste, form and pattern. She turned to working in glass because she felt it was more "exciting" to work with. She started creating her fragmented X series around 1978, in which she melded together a pastiche of colors and textures in a post-modern way. These pieces, fabricated with stained glass techniques, were meant to hang on walls, rather than as windows. As one of the few women working in studio glass at the time, her work also had feminist implications. The X was a symbol of how the artist wished to slash through the old, more staid ways of approaching glass.

She crossed between the various methods for manipulating glass and incorporated other media into her assemblage-like pieces, using scraps of everyday material to give them texture, depth, and meaning.

In the late 1990s, the structure of her work moved towards rectilinear, with diptychs and triptychs of contrasted figures and patterns. She broke her compositions down into split segments that were meant to be absorbed together despite being separated into individual panels. She integrated imagery and symbols to suggest narrative.

More recently, Stinsmuehlen-Amend sandwiches individual glass planes of images on top of one another, giving them multi-dimensionality. In these layered wall panels the viewer is meant to see into the depth of the piece but not through it, as would be the case if these panes were acting as traditional windows or screens.

Selected Collections
 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA
 Detroit Institute of the Arts, Detroit, MI
 Museum of Arts and Design, New York, NY
 The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY
 Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, CA
 The Jewish Museum, New York, NY
 The Renwick Gallery of the National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
 Leigh Yawkey Woodson Museum, Wausau, WI
 Carnegie Art Museum, Oxnard, CA
 Wagga Wagga City Art Gallery, New South Wales, Australia
 Nishida Museum, Toyoma, Japan
 Pilchuck Glass Center, Stanwood, WA
 AT&T Foundation Headquarters, New York, NY
 AT&T Collection, Dallas, TX
 American Airlines Terminal, Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, TX
 Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX
 The City of Los Angeles, Canoga Park, CA
 The City of Los Angeles, Hollywood, CA
 Christ Church Cathedral, Ashmun/Schweppe, Houston, TX
 Davis, Wright & Jones, Seattle, WA
 Ojai Valley Community Hospital, Ojai, CA
 Marshall Fields Corporate Collection, Chicago, IL
 Voss & Partner, TV-Ateliers, Düsseldorf, Germany

References

Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Artists from Baltimore
Category:People from Ojai, California
Category:Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni
Category:Hood College alumni
Category:20th-century American women artists
Category:21st-century American women artists
Category:Glass artists
Category:Women glass artists


Brussels Independent Film Festival

The Brussels Independent Film Festival, previously known as the Brussels International Independent Film Festival, or le Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bruxelles, has taken place since 1974. It originally focused on Super 8 films and today is a showcase for all kind of independent films. The festival has hosted filmmakers such as Pedro Almodovar, François Ozon and Nanni Moretti. Its initial incarnation ran for 38 years, before funding and resource shortfalls suspended it for a six-year hiatus in 2012, until it reopened again in 2018.

References

External links
Festival site
Festival site
Awards summaries at IMDB

Category:Film festivals in Belgium
Category:Culture in Brussels
Category:Tourist attractions in Brussels
Category:Film festivals established in 1974


Lausanne Football and Cricket Club

The Lausanne Football and Cricket Club was a Swiss association football and cricket club.

The club was founded in 1860 by English students, who had studied at private schools in the area of Lausanne. During the year of the foundation this club could be the first soccer club in Continental Europe. The worldwide first soccer club Sheffield F.C. is only three years older, however it is likely that Lausanne played cricket before football at the club (as it was more well established).

It is unknown in which "football form" the Lausanne Football and Cricket Club have played, because at that time the "association football" rules still did not exist. The club was also a founder member of the Swiss Football Association and participated at the first Swiss championship 1897/98 as well as the second championship 1898/99.

See also
1860s in association football

Sources

Category:Association football clubs established in 1860
Category:Cricket clubs established in 1860
Lausanne
Category:1860 establishments in Switzerland
Category:Sport in Lausanne


Michael Christianson

Michael Christianson (born April 7, 1965) is an American football college and professional coach. Christianson most recently served as the assistant running backs coach and the Director of Technology for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) in 2011 thru 2013 which featured a Super Bowl appearance against the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XLVII (47). Prior to his tenure with the 49ers, Christianson also served on University of Michigan Head Coach Jim Harbaugh's staff at the University of San Diego (USD) where the Toreros of the Pioneer Football League won a Division I-AA Mid-Major National title in 2006. He has worked as a football coach at several other National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions, including The University of Nebraska, Montana State University and Portland State University. Christianson coached the offensive line in 2002-2003 as a member of Jon Gruden's staff and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, winning Super Bowl XXXVII (37). Christianson played tight-end and offensive lineman at Western Oregon University.

Playing career

Christianson was a linebacker and tight-end at Kuna High School (Kuna, ID). He went on to play college football at Portland State University (NCAA FCS) and then transferred to Western Oregon University (NAIA DIVII).

Coaching career

Christianson began his coaching career at his alma mater, Western Oregon University in 1991 and spent 4 years coaching the offensive line and the tight-ends. In 1995, he spent one season with the Lewis & Clark College Pioneers (NAIA DivII) as the recruiting coordinator and tight-ends/running backs coach.

He then went on to coach in the Big Sky Conference and Portland State University (PSU). At PSU he coached one year as the assistant offensive line coach and 3 years as the Vikings running backs coach. While at Portland State he is largely attributed for helping to develop one of the most prolific running backs in Portland State school history in Charles 'Chip' Dunn. Dunn, who played at PSU from 1997-2000, rushed for more than 6,000 yards as a Viking, was a first-team All-American and is a member of the Portland State Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2013 Dunn ranked number 35 among Big Sky Conference's Top 50 All-Time Athletes.

Christianson left Portland State in 2000 to coach the tight-ends for the Bobcats and Montana State University.

He made his NFL coaching debut as the assistant offensive line coach for the 2002 Super Bowl XXXVII Champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers and head coach Jon Gruden. After a short stint with the Oakland Raiders as a contractor, he followed Raiders head coach, Bill Callahan to the University of Nebraska 2004 thru 2006 where he was the senior offensive assistant and helped Callahan with all facets of the program. He was instrumental in assisting offensive coordinator Jay Norvell in developing the west coast offense in Lincoln. The Huskers beat Michigan in the 2005 Alamo Bowl during his tenure. While at the University of Nebraska, he oversaw the development and execution of one of the largest athletic technology projects in Nebraska history.

Christianson had a couple stops with both Avid Sports and XOS Digital where he worked to develop, implement and train coaches on the use and benefits of technology as it relates to the sport of football. Christianson is considered an expert when it comes to technology and how it relates to the game of football. He coordinated and helped develop large football technology projects at the Oakland Raiders, the University of Nebraska and the San Francisco 49ers to name just a few.

After working with Jim Harbaugh at the Raiders, he joined the staff at the University of San Diego (USD) in 2006. At USD, Christianson worked as the tight-end coach and assistant offensive Line coach with current University of Southern Cal Run Game Coordinator/Runningback Coach, Tim Drevno. During his tenure, USD won the Pioneer Football League championship and an NCAA Division I-AA Mid-Major National Championship. That year, USD led the Nation in passing offense, total offense, and scoring offense. He also coached USD starting tight end Chris Ramsey to a 2nd Team Mid-Major All-American honors.

In 2012, Christianson coached in his second Super Bowl after joining the San Francisco 49ers in February 2011. Working closely with Tom Rathman, Christianson played a major role in 2011 in the development of the 49ers rushing attack and in mentoring veteran player Frank Gore to his 5th 1,000 yard season. Gore became the 49ers all-time leading rusher in 2011. Christianson coached running back Frank Gore in 2012 when Gore was named to the NFL Pro Bowl.

Personal life

Christianson is a native of Boise Idaho and is married to his wife Tracy. He received his bachelor's and master's degree in secondary education and administration with a minor in computer applications from Western Oregon University & Oregon State University.

References

Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:Montana State Bobcats football coaches
Category:San Diego Toreros football coaches
Category:San Francisco 49ers coaches
Category:Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Category:Portland State Vikings football coaches
Category:Nebraska Cornhuskers football coaches
Category:Portland State Vikings football players
Category:Western Oregon Wolves football coaches
Category:Western Oregon Wolves football players


List of structures built by Thomas Brassey

Thomas Brassey (7 November 1805 – 8 December 1870) was an English civil engineering contractor and manufacturer of building materials who was responsible for building a large portion of the world's railways in the 19th century.  For some of these constructions he was the sole contractor but he usually worked in partnership with other contractors, particularly Peto and Betts.

Railways and associated structures
Brassey arranged the building of over  of railway tracks.  By 1847 he had built one third of the railways in the United Kingdom and by the time of his death he had built one in twenty of the miles of railway in the world.  He also built structures associated with railways - bridges, stations, etc. - and non-railway related structures.  The following is an incomplete list of his projects.  For the British railways the dates given are the date of the relevant Act of Parliament; for railways elsewhere and for other structures the date given is the date of the contract.

Railway lines

United Kingdom

1830s

1840s

1850s

1860s

Unknown dates

France
75 per cent of the total mileage, including:

Elsewhere in Europe

Canada

Argentina

Australia

India

Mauritius

Tunnels

Stations
Many hundreds, including:

Viaducts and other structures
Many, including:

Bridges
Again a large number, including:

Non-railway projects

References

Brassey


Slovo Kyrgyzstana

Slovo Kyrgyzstana (, The Word of Kyrgyzstan) is an all-nation Russian language newspaper published in Kyrgyzstan. It was established on 23 March 1925 as Batratskaya Pravda, then changed its name to Krest'yanskiy Put', from 1927 it was known as Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, and from February 1991 to present - as Slovo Kyrgyzstana. In 1961, the newspaper was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

In 1975, Slovo Kyrgyzstana had a daily circulation of 132,000 copies. In the 2000s its circulation dropped to 6,000 and it became biweekly.

See also
 List of newspapers in Kyrgyzstan

External links

Category:1925 establishments in the Soviet Union
Category:Media in Bishkek
Category:Russian-language newspapers published in Kyrgyzstan
Category:Publications established in 1925


Second Corinth Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Corinth of the American Civil War on October 3 and 4, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle and reports.   The Union order of battle is listed separately.

Abbreviations used

Military rank
 MG = Major General
 BG = Brigadier General
 Col = Colonel
 Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
 Maj = Major
 Cpt = Captain
 Lt = Lieutenant

Other
 w = wounded
 mw = mortally wounded
 k = killed
 c = captured

Army of West Tennessee
MG Earl Van Dorn

Price's Corps (Army of the West)
MG Sterling Price

District of the Mississippi
BG Daniel Ruggles (not present)

Notes

References
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
 Cozzens, Peter, The Darkest Days of the War: The Battles of Iuka and Corinth, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1997, .

Category:American Civil War orders of battle


53rd Delaware General Assembly

The 53rd Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, Delaware, convening January 6, 1829, two weeks before the beginning of the third year of the administration of Governor Charles Polk, Jr.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

Leadership

Senate
Presley Spruance, Jr., Kent County

House of Representatives
William W. Morris, Kent County
John Raymond, Kent County

Members

Senate
Senators were elected by the public for a three-year term, one third posted each year.

House of Representative
Representatives were elected by the public for a one-year term.

References

Places with more information
Delaware Historical Society; website; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161
University of Delaware; Library website; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831-2965

5 053
Category:1829 in Delaware
Category:1830 in Delaware


Edwin C. Horrell

Edwin C. "Babe" Horrell (September 29, 1902 – June 13, 1992) was an American football player and coach.  He played college football at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was an All-American in 1924 at center.  Horrell served as the head football coach at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1939 to 1944, compiling a record of 24–31–6.  In 1942, he led the UCLA Bruins to the Pacific Coast Conference title and an appearance in the Rose Bowl.  Horrell was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1969.

Playing career
Horrell played as center for the California Golden Bears from 1922 to 1924.  During those three seasons,  the team went 26–0–3 under head coach Andy Smith.

Coaching career
From 1926 to 1938, Horrell was an assistant coach for the UCLA Bruins.  He then served as the head coach from 1939 to 1944, compiling a 24–31–6 record.  His 1942 UCLA Bruins team lost to Georgia in the 1943 Rose Bowl. He was the first coach to lead a UCLA team to defeat the rival USC Trojans in what became the UCLA–USC rivalry.

Head coaching record

References

External links

Category:1902 births
Category:1992 deaths
Category:American football centers
Category:California Golden Bears football players
Category:UCLA Bruins football coaches
Category:All-American college football players
Category:College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Category:People from Jackson, Missouri
Category:Sportspeople from Pasadena, California
Category:Players of American football from California


Long shot

In photography, filmmaking and video production, a long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. These are typically shot now using wide-angle lenses (an approximately 25 mm lens in 35 mm photography and 10 mm lens in 16 mm photography). However, due to sheer distance, establishing shots and extremely wide shots can use almost any camera type.

History

This type of filmmaking was a result of filmmakers trying to retain the sense of the viewer watching a play in front of them, as opposed to just a series of pictures.

The wide shot has been used since films have been made as it is a very basic type of cinematography. In 1878, one of the first true motion pictures, Sallie Gardner at a Gallop, was released. Even though this wouldn't be considered a film in the current motion picture industry, it was a huge step towards complete motion pictures. It is arguable that it is very basic but it still remains that it was displayed as a wide angle as both the rider and horse are fully visible in the frame.

1880s
After this innovation, in the 1880s celluloid photographic film and motion picture cameras became available so more motion pictures could be created in the form of Kinetoscope or through projectors. These early films also maintained a wide angle layout as it was the best way to keep everything visible for the viewer.

1890s
Once motion pictures became more available in the 1890s there were public screenings of many different films only being around a minute long, or even less. These films again adhered to the wide shot style. One of the first competitive filming techniques came in the form of the close-up as George Albert Smith incorporated them into his film Hove. Though unconfirmed as the first usage of this method it is one of the earliest recorded examples. Once the introduction of new framing techniques were introduced then more and more were made and used for their benefits that they could provide that wide shots couldn't.

Early 1900s
This was the point at which motion pictures evolved from short, minute long, screening to becoming full-length motion pictures. More and more cinematic techniques appeared, resulting in the wide shot being less commonly used. However, it still remained as it is almost irreplaceable in what it can achieve.

1960s
When television entered the home, it was seen as a massive hit to the cinema industry and many saw it as the decline in cinema popularity. This in turn resulted in films having to stay ahead of television by incorporating superior quality than that of a television. This was done by adding color but importantly it implemented the use of widescreen. This would allow a massive increase amount of space usable by the director, thus allowing an even wider shot for the viewer to witness more of whatever the director intends to evoke with any given shot.

Modern era of film
Most modern films will frequently use the different types of wide shots as they are a staple in filmmaking and are almost impossible to avoid unless deliberately chosen to. In the current climate of films, the technical quality of any given shot will appear with much better clarity which has given life to some incredible shots from modern cinema. Also, given the quality of modern home entertainment mediums such as Blu Ray, 3D and Ultra HD Blu Rays this has allowed the scope and size of any given frame to encompass more of the scene and environment in greater detail.

Types
There are a variety of ways of framing that are considered as being wide shots; these include:
 Wide shot (WS) – The subject comfortably takes up the whole frame. In the case of a person, head to toe. This usually achieves a clear physical representation of a character and can describe the surroundings as it is usually visible within the frame. This results in the audience having a desired (by the director) view/opinion of the character or location.
 Very wide shot (VWS) – The subject is only just visible in the location. This can find a balance between a "wide shot" and an "extreme wide shot" by keeping an emphasis on both the characters and the environment, almost finding a harmony between the two of them. This enables the ability to use the benefits of both types, by allowing the scale of the environment but also maintaining an element of focus on the character(s) or object(s) in frame.
 Extreme wide shot (EWS) – The shot is so far away from the subject that they are no longer visible. This is used to create a sense of a character being lost or almost engulfed by the sheer size of their surroundings. This can result in a character being made small or insignificant due to their situation and/or surroundings.
Establishing shot (ES) – A shot typically used to display a location and is usually the first shot in a new scene. These establish the setting of a film, whether that is the physical location or the time period. Mainly it gives a sense of place to the film and brings the viewer to wherever the story requires them to be.
Master shot (MS) – This shot can be commonly mistaken for an establishing shot as it displays key characters and locations. However, it is actually a shot in which all relevant characters are in frame (usually for the whole duration of the scene), with inter-cut shots of other characters to shift focus. This is a very useful method for retaining audience focus as most shots in this style refrain from using cuts and therefore will keep the performances and the dialogue in the forefront of what is going on for the duration of the scene.

Notable examples
Many directors are known for their use of the variety of wide shots. A key example of them is the frequent use of establishing shots and very wide shots in Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy showing the vast New Zealand landscape to instil awe in the audience.

In the 1993 film Schindler's List, there is a running image of a small girl trapped within a concentration camp wearing a red coat (the only colour in the film). She is frequently pictured in a wide shot format as a way to display both her and the horrific surroundings to build a disturbing contrast.

In the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, a very wide shot is used that keeps all the protagonists on screen with the Wizard's palace in clear view. The Wizard of Oz was also one of the first mainstream motion pictures to include colour.

The 1962 Lawrence of Arabia contains an enormous number of extreme wide shots which successfully induced the feeling of scale of the lead in his surrounding and aesthetically dwarfed him due to his surroundings making him seem more vulnerable and weak.

In the 1981 the first film in the Indiana Jones film series, Raiders of the Lost Ark, contains the use of a long shot to show the dangerous scale of a boulder that is chasing the protagonist.

The 2008 film The Dark Knight featured a practical stunt in which a large truck and trailer are flipped nose first. This is shot very far back to give the shot more clarity and to see the flip through its entirety as opposed to cutting midway through.

In the 2015 Ridley Scott film The Martian the protagonist Mark Watney is stranded on Mars and the film contains many wide shots. These are used to show the Martian landscape and give the character the sense of isolation that the film would want.

See also
Camera operator
Cinematographer
Film director
Long take
Video production
Videography

References

Citations

External links
 Further shots and their descriptions
 Images from various films – many of which are wide shots

Category:Cinematic techniques
Category:Television terminology


Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté

(in English: Intellectuals for Sovereignty), or IPSO, is a group of intellectuals studying and promoting Quebec independence.

It was created on June 21, 1995 by the publication of their manifesto, four months before the second referendum on Quebec sovereignty took place. Among its founding members were politician and constitutional law professor Daniel Turp, Michel Seymour, Jacques-Yvan Morin, Kai Nielsen and others.

IPSO promotes Quebec sovereignty through the publication of works, organization of events (debates, conferences, protests) and participation in political activities. It was part of the Partenaires pour la souveraineté coalition.

Presidents
Three men and four women, all university professors, have held the IPSO presidency since its foundation:

Since 2008, IPSO is presided by Gilbert Paquette, former Quebec Minister of Science and Technology in the government of René Lévesque.

See also
Quebec sovereignty movement
Quebec nationalism
Quebec politics
List of active autonomist and secessionist movements

Notes

External links
Official website
List of publications
Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (I) - Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups - Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries
 Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (II)- Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups - Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries
 Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (III)- Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups - Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries

Category:Civic and political organizations of Canada
Category:Quebec sovereignty movement
Category:Secessionist organizations in Canada
Category:Organizations based in Quebec


Dead Man Walking (film)

Dead Man Walking is a 1995 American crime drama film starring Susan Sarandon and Sean Penn, and co-produced and directed by Tim Robbins, who adapted the screenplay from the non-fiction book of the same name.

Sister Helen Prejean (Sarandon) establishes a special relationship with Matthew Poncelet (Penn), a character based on convicted murderers Elmo Patrick Sonnier and Robert Lee Willie. He is a prisoner on death row in Louisiana, and she visits him as his spiritual adviser after having corresponded with him.

Plot
Matthew Poncelet has been in prison for six years, awaiting execution after being convicted and sentenced to death for killing a teenage couple. Poncelet, held in the Louisiana State Penitentiary, committed the crimes with a man named Carl Vitello, who was sentenced to life imprisonment. As the day of his execution comes closer, Poncelet asks Sister Helen, with whom he has corresponded, to help him with a final appeal.

She decides to visit him. He is arrogant, sexist, and racist, not even pretending to feel remorse. He affirms his innocence, insisting Vitello killed the two teenagers. Convincing an experienced attorney to take on Poncelet's case pro bono, Sister Helen tries to have his sentence commuted to life imprisonment. After many visits, she establishes a relationship with him. At the same time, she gets to know Poncelet's mother, Lucille, and the families of the two victims. The families do not understand Sister Helen's efforts to help Poncelet, claiming she is "taking his side." Instead they desire "absolute justice"—his life for the lives of their children.

Sister Helen's application for a pardon is declined. Poncelet asks Sister Helen to be his spiritual adviser through his execution, and she agrees. Sister Helen tells Poncelet that his redemption is possible only if he takes responsibility for what he did. Just before he is taken from his cell, Poncelet tearfully admits to Sister Helen that he killed the boy and raped the girl. As he is prepared for execution, he appeals to the boy's father for forgiveness and tells the girl's parents he hopes his death brings them peace. Poncelet is executed by lethal injection and later given a proper burial. The murdered boy's father attends the funeral ceremony still filled with hate, but shortly after begins to pray with Sister Helen.

Cast

 Susan Sarandon as Sister Helen Prejean
 Sean Penn as Matthew Poncelet
 Robert Prosky as Hilton Barber
 Raymond J. Barry as Earl Delacroix
 R. Lee Ermey as Clyde Percy
 Celia Weston as Mary Beth Percy
 Lois Smith as Augusta Bourg Prejean
 Scott Wilson as Chaplain Farlely
 Roberta Maxwell as Lucille Poncelet
 Margo Martindale as Sister Colleen
 Kevin Cooney as Governor Benedict
 Clancy Brown as State Trooper
 Michael Cullen as Carl Vitello
 Peter Sarsgaard as Walter Delacroix
 Missy Yager as Hope Percy
 Jack Black as Craig Poncelet

Soundtrack

Reception

Critical response
The film was well received by critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 95% positive rating based on reviews from 59 critics, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The site's consensus states: "A powerful, thought-provoking film that covers different angles of its topic without resorting to preaching, Dead Man Walking will cause the viewer to reflect regardless of their political viewpoint." Metacritic gives it a rating of 80/100 based on reviews from 26 critics, indicating "Generally favorable reviews."

Hal Hinson of The Washington Post commented: "What this intelligent, balanced, devastating movie puts before us is nothing less than a contest between good and evil." Kenneth Turan of The Los Angeles Times described the acting: "For this kind of straight-ahead movie to work, the acting must be strong without even a breath of theatricality, and in Penn and Sarandon, Dead Man Walking has performers capable of making that happen." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four stars, his highest rating, and called it "absorbing, surprising, technically superb and worth talking about for a long time afterward."

Accolades
At the 68th Academy Awards, Dead Man Walking was nominated in four different categories: Susan Sarandon won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role, Sean Penn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, Tim Robbins was nominated for Best Director and its main track "Dead Man Walkin'" by Bruce Springsteen was nominated for Best Original Song.

At the Golden Globes, Sarandon and Penn received nominations for their acting while Robbins received one for best screenplay. At the 46th Berlin International Film Festival, Penn won the Silver Bear for Best Actor.

Robbins dedicated the movie to his paternal grandparents, Lee Robbins and Thelma Bledsoe, in gratitude for his college tuition.

The real-life Sister Helen Prejean can be seen briefly in the candlelight vigil scene outside the prison protesting the death penalty with the rest of the cast.

Box office
Dead Man Walking debuted on December 29, 1995, in the United States. With a budget of $11 million, the film grossed $39,387,284 domestically and $43,701,011 internationally, for a total of $83,088,295 worldwide.

Other versions
In 2002, Tim Robbins, who adapted the book for the film, also wrote a stage version of Dead Man Walking. It has also been adapted as an opera by the same name, premiering in San Francisco.

Legacy
Yvonne Koslovsky-Golan, author of The Death Penalty in American Cinema: Criminality and Retribution in Hollywood Film, stated that even though public debate on the death penalty increased for a period after the release of Dead Man Walking, the film did not result in "real political or legal change" but that it did encourage additional academic study on the death penalty.

References

External links

 Dead Man Walking at the Arts & Faith Top100 Spiritually Significant Films list
 Dead Man Walking

Category:1995 films
Category:1990s crime drama films
Category:American films
Category:American crime drama films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Tim Robbins
Category:Films about capital punishment
Category:Films about Catholic nuns
Category:Films based on non-fiction books
Category:Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award-winning performance
Category:Films set in Louisiana
Category:Films shot in New Orleans
Category:Gramercy Pictures films
Category:1990s legal films
Category:Working Title Films films
Category:PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films


Ahmed Bughammar

Ahmed Mubarak Ahmed Mubarak Bughammar (; born 30 December 1997) is a Bahraini footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Hidd and the Bahrain national team.

Career
Bughammar was included in Bahrain's squad for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup in the United Arab Emirates.

Career statistics

International

References

External links

 Ahmed Bughammar at WorldFootball.com

Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Muharraq
Category:Bahraini footballers
Category:Bahrain international footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Hidd SCC players
Category:Bahraini Premier League players
Category:Footballers at the 2018 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games competitors for Bahrain
Category:2019 AFC Asian Cup players


Annual monitor

The Annual monitor is a list of British Quakers who died each year, between 1812 and 1919, including well over 20,000 persons. Most entries are basic data: age at death, date of death, names of parents or "widow of ...".  Some entries have a "memorial" (sometimes of several pages) giving biographical detail and a strong religious message.

The first issue was published in York by William Alexander (1768-1841), who was editor between 1813 and 1819. The project was initiated by William's wife, Ann Alexander (born Tuke, 1767-1849).

Editors
Succeeding editors were:
William Alexander (1768-1841)
Sarah Backhouse (1803-1877)
Samuel Tuke (1784-1857)
Benjamin Seebohm (1798-1871)
Esther Seebohm (1798?-1864)
Joseph Stickney Sewell (1819-1900)
John Newby (1806-1877)
William Robinson (1832-1908)
Francis Arnold Knight (1852-1915)

Numbering
No. 1-30 (1813-1842);
New Series No. 1-78 (1843-1919/20)
New Series. Nos. 67-70 (1909-1912) also issued as Nos. 96-99
New Series Nos. 71-78 (1913-1920) also issued as Nos. 101-108
Supplement to No. 22 (1834)

Indexes
Several cumulative indexes were produced, the most comprehensive being
Quaker Records: Being an Index to "The Annual Monitor," 1813-1892, edited by Joseph J. Green (available online - see below) and Index 1893-1901 edited by W. Pumphrey

Title variation
Over the years, the title has varied thus:
The Annual monitor ; or, Newletter-case and memorandum book
The Annual monitor and memorandum book
The Annual monitor...being an obituary of members of the Society of Friends in Great Britain and Ireland

Annual Monitor Online
The  Quaker records Index 1813-1892 by Joseph Green  and the following years are available online (at 17 September 2012). Note the year given is the year of publication. The deaths recorded occurred in the previous year:

Before 1842 - not yet traced

1844 No. 2
1845 No. 3
1846 No.4
 1847 No.5
1848  No.6
1849 No.7
1850 No.8
1851 No.9
1852 No.10
1853 No. 11
1854 No.12
1855 No.13
1856 No. 14
1857 No.15
1858 No.16
 1859 No.17
1860 No. 18
1861 No.19

1862 No. 20
1863 No.21
1864 No.22
1865 No. 23
1866 No. 24
1867 No.25
 1868 No.26
1869 No.27
 1870 No.28
1871 No. 29
1872 No. 30
1873 No.31
1874 No.32
1875 No.33
1876 No.34
1877 - not yet traced
1878 No.36
1879 No.37
1880 No.38
1881 No.39

1882   - not yet traced
1883 No.41
1884 No.42
1885 No.43
1886  - not yet traced
1887 No. 45
1888 no.46
 1889 No.47
1890 No.48
1891 No.49
1892   - not yet traced
1893 No.51
1894 No.52
1895 No.53
1896 No.54
1897 No.55
1898 No.56
1899 No.57
1900   - not yet traced
1901 No.59

1902 No.60
1903 No. 61
1904 No.62
1905 No.63
1906 No. 64
1907 No.65
1908   - not yet traced
1909 No.96
1910  No. 97
1911 No. 98
1912 No.99
1913 no.101
1914 No.102
1915 No.103
1916 No.104
1917 No.105
1918 No.106
1919 - 1920  - not yet traced]

American Annual Monitor
An American Annual Monitor was published 1858 to 1863.

Notes and references

Sources
Catalogue of the Library of the Religious Society of Friends: Britain Yearly Meeting
Library of the Religious Society of Friends: Britain Yearly Meeting Subject Guide: Genealogy
The Internet Archive.

Notes

Category:British Quaker texts
Category:British biographical dictionaries
Category:British Quakers
Category:Annual publications


Annamitta Kai

Annamitta Kai () is a 1972 Tamil-language film written by G. Subramanium and directed by M. Krishnan Nair, starring M. G. Ramachandran. It was produced by Ramachandra Productions, owned by M. S. Sivaswamy. Annamitta Kai was Ramachandran's last black and white movie.

Plot
To repair the past errors of their father, the half brothers Doreraj (MGR) and Selvaraj (M. N. Nambiar) exchange identities, making Selvaraj the heir. Doreraj is going to take care of Selvaraj's blind mother, and try to get his brother back to a virtuous life.

Cast
M. G. Ramachandran  as Durai raj (Raju)
Jayalalitha  as Seetha
 Bharathi as doctor Kalpana
 Pandari Bai as Sivagami, Selvaraj's mother
 M. N. Nambiar as Selvaraj
 R. S. Manohar  as The manager Kannaga Rathnam, Kalpana's father
 V. K. Ramaswamy  as postman Yezhaimalai
 Nagesh as The assistant-postman Thangaman
 Muthaiya as Sadhasivam Bhoopathi, Durai raj & Selvaraj's father
 Geethanjali  as Ladha, girl from Burma
 Manorama  as nurse Thangame
 S. N. Lakshmi  as Lakshimi, Doreraj's mother
T. K. S. Natarajan as Estate labor
Master Sekhar  as Durai raj (Child)
 Master Prabhakar  as Selvaraj (Child)

The casting is established according to the original order of the credits of opening of the movie, except those not mentioned.

Production
The movie originally started filming in 1966 with the 1st scene, but couldn't continue due to MGR's shooting incident. The rest of the movie was taken in 1972. Because the initial scene was in Black & White, the producers continued the rest in Black & White.

This was the second and last time Nagesh and Manorama acted side by side after they split up in 1970 during the Navagraham casting dispute. the first one was in Raman Thediya Seethai the same year (1972).

Soundtrack
The music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan.

Release and Reception
This movie ran for 75 days and was one of the hit movies of (MGR).

This was the last movie of (MGR) while he was in (DMK). After 1 month of release of this movie, he has come out from that party and started his own (AIADMK) party on 17 October 1972.

References

External links

 Annamitta kai - Thamizhisai

Category:Indian films
Category:1972 films
Category:1970s Tamil-language films
Category:Tamil film scores by K. V. Mahadevan
Category:Films directed by M. Krishnan Nair


New Taipei City Museum of Art

The New Taipei Museum of Art (NTMOA; ) is an upcoming museum in Yingge District, New Taipei, Taiwan.

History
The groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the museum was held on 4 December 2018 attended by New Taipei Mayor Eric Chu. The museum is expected to be opened in 2022.

Architecture
The museum is designed by architect Kris Yao with an expected total floor area of 3.2 hectares. It will have 8 floors above ground and 3 floors below. It will consist of exhibition rooms, auditorium, children's art space, warehouse etc.

See also
 List of museums in Taiwan

References

Category:Buildings and structures under construction in Taiwan
Category:Museums in New Taipei


Premaku Swagatam

Premaku Swagatam is a 2002 Telugu Romance film, directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy.

Plot
Lahari (Soundarya), daughter of a millionaire, Mahendra (Prakash Raj) falls in love with her car driver Balaji (J. D. Chakravarthy). Lahari announces her love towards Balaji in her birthday party. Mahendra and Balaji don't want her to marry Balaji as he is poor. They make an agreement; Lahari is to stay in Balaji's small house with his big family. Mahendra comes to know that Balaji also loves Lahari, but he refuses because he is poor. Finally, Balaji agrees to marry Lahari.

Cast
 J. D. Chakravarthy as Balaji
 Soundarya as Lahari
 Prakash Raj as Mahendra
 Sunil as Tenali
 Brahmanandam
 M. S. Narayana
 Annapoorna as Balaji's mother
 L. B. Sriram as Balaji's father
 Allu Ramalingaiah as Balaji's grandfather
 Surya
 Delhi Rajeswari as Lahari's mother
 Gundu Hanumantha Rao as Chef
 Manya

Soundtrack

References

External links

Category:2002 films
Category:Indian films
Category:2000s Telugu-language films
Category:2000s romance films
Category:Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy
Category:Indian romance films


Percy Jameson

Percy Jameson (21 July 1917 – 1981) was an English amateur footballer who played in the Football League for Darlington.

Jameson was born in Sunderland in 1917, the son of Percy Jameson, an electrical engineer, and his wife Alice née Daglish. He had two older siblings, Harold and Margaret. He signed for Sunderland from St Gabriel's as a "well-built young inside right" in the 1933 close season. He made no senior appearances for the club, and in 1936 signed amateur forms for Third Division North club Darlington, by which time he was playing either as a wing half or at inside forward. He made what proved to be his only senior appearance for the club, and only appearance in the Football League, playing at centre forward in a 1–0 win at home to Halifax Town on 1 April 1939. At the time of his wedding to Ada Scriven at Brunswick Methodist Chapel, Stockton-on-Tees, in 1943, Jameson was still a member of the Darlington club. His death at the age of 63 was registered in Sunderland in 1981.

References

Category:1917 births
Category:1981 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Sunderland, Tyne and Wear
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football wing halves
Category:Association football inside forwards
Category:Sunderland A.F.C. players
Category:Darlington F.C. players
Category:English Football League players


Tharmada'a

Tharmada'a () is a Saudi Arabian town, located about 170 kilometers north of the capital Riyadh.

Naming
Named after to plant Altharmad (Halexylon Salicornicum) which abound in the area of the region.

See also

 List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
 Regions of Saudi Arabia

External links

 Google map of Tharmada'a

Category:Populated places in Riyadh Province


SLC27A3

Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC27A3 gene.

In melanocytic cells SLC27A3 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

See also

 Solute carrier family

References

Further reading

Category:Solute carrier family


Anton Frederik Tscherning

Ant(h)on Frederik Tscherning (12 December 1795 – 29 June 1874) was a Danish army officer who became a politician.

During the First Schleswig War he served, briefly, as Denmarks's first Minister for War between March and November in 1848.   Tscherning rapidly organised of a military infrastructure which enabled the country to resist Prussian attack, but failed to distinguish himself as a military strategist.   He was a member of the Folketing (Danish parliament) between 1849 and 1864 and of the Statsrådet (Council of State) between 1854 and 1864.

In his interventions he championed the liberal causes of the time, such as extension of democratic participation and free trade.   During the 1860s, as the issue of Schleswig separatism forced itself to the top of the political agenda, he opposed the government policy of attempting uncompromisingly to impose Danish control in a region where, progressively, the German speaking minority was becoming a majority.

Life

Provenance and early years
Tscherning was born in Frederiksværk during the run-up to Denmark's involvement in the Napoleonic Wars.  Frederiksværk was a small town on Zealand with a large gun factory.   The family could trace its origins back to Silesia from where they had migrated to Denmark at the time of the Religious Wars.   Colonel Eilert Tscherning, his father, worked as an inspector at the town's important cannon and powder works.   Like many war children, Tscherning was keen to join the fighting, enrolling for military training at the age of nine.   The English attack on Copenhagen in 1807 intensified his soldierly ambitions.   He enlisted as a cadet in 1809, emerging four years later as a second lieutenant of artillery.   He was sent with the army to Holstein in 1813 and followed General von Kardorff into Germany, but his ambitions to become involved in the fighting were thwarted by the Treaty of Kiel, concluded in January 1814, which finally put an end to two decades of war.

Between 1816 and 1818 he served with a Danish company in northern France as part of the international army of occupation.  He was based in Flanders, but was able to secure postings to Paris and to Metz which enabled him to engage in the academic study of science and, more specifically, of artillery warfare.   He was also able to get to know Peter Andreas Heiberg (1758–1841), the egalitarian Danish born author and enlightenment scholar whose writings angered the Danish establishment, and who therefore lived out the second half of his life as a political exile in Paris.   Tscherning and Heiberg became lifelong friends.   Returning in 1818 he worked as a volunteer assistant to his father at the gun factory.   However, he turned down the king's offer that he should take over from his father.

Tscherning rejoined the army in 1828.   He was almost at once sent with a few fellow officers, including Christian Frederik Hansen and Otto Schlegel, to observe the French expeditionary force that had been sent to provide support in the Greek War of Independence.   Not for the first time in his military career, by the time he arrived the fighting was over.   The  Egyptian troops had left.   He nevertheless had the opportunity to join in, as a volunteer, with some fortification construction and other organisational work.   He returned in 1829, stopping off for a period of further study in France before moving on, back to Copenhagen.

In Copenhagen, Tscherning was deployed to teach artillery cadets and appointed a member of the commission created to propose reforms to army training.   When the new Military Academy opened in May 1830 he was appointed to a top teaching position in it, lecturing on artillery, his speciality.   He won the respect of his students both through his technical knowledge and as a result of his human insights and teaching methods.   In 1832 he was promoted to the rank of captain.   However, Tscherning was a man of strong opinions on military matters and on the condition of Danish society more generally, and he was keen to share his views far beyond the confines of the classroom at the Copenhagen officers' academy.

The reformer
Tscherning was keen to stimulate a wider debate in the defence challenges facing the country.   Although there was still a standing army in existence, its members were poorly remunerated and held in low esteem by wider Danish society.   Several officers sought to raise the issue in public.   Tscherning himself published no fewer than poor pamphlets on it between 1831 and 1833 in which he not merely set out the problems but also proposed solutions.   In place of an isolated army, a sense of duty to defend the nation should be awakened in the population as a whole, applying a version of the French revolutionary idea of "the nation in arms".   Those contributing to the nation's defence should enjoy better material support, just treatment by the state, promotion based fairly on merit and clear age limits.   There was a host of other detailed reform proposals.   Military style basic training should be integrated into education.   Some of these ideas did not go unchallenged.   There were those who felt that some of his ideas were impractical, that he under-estimated the importance of basic routine skills as necessary underpinnings for wartime preparedness, that his well reasoned strictures on military administration were not matched by strategic and tactical insight.

Exile
His ideas for reconfiguring the relationship between the army and the state failed to convince the wider political establishment.   As he persisted, others from the military found practical objections to his proposals, while in general terms, an attack on the status quo came to be presented as an attack on the aging king.   There were mutterings that he was spreading republican ideas.   Tscherning, finding himself on the receiving end of a royal rebuke, offered to retire; but the king refused to accept his retirement, preferring to find a more subtle way to cool the debate.   Tscherning was ordered to embark on a study trip which, as the king put it, would take a long time ("tage lang Tid").  For the next five years he visited a succession of countries in Europe, carefully studying their military administrative structures and sending home a succession of detailed reports which, he quickly became convinced, were ignored.   He also sent letters about foreign military arrangements to publicly available journals, causing intense annoyance to the king and his chancelry.   In 1838 Tscherning was informed that his study trip was completed and he was permitted/summoned to return home.   On arriving back home he issued another booklet, arguing that the solution to the problem of integrating the military into the state apparatus must be part of a wider solution involving the reorganisation of the overall government structure and indeed something approaching a revitalisation of the national soul.  He again applied to resign from the army but his application was turned down.   Instead he went to France where he spent a couple of years working as a military engineer, appointed a battery commander in 1841.

Retirement from the army
In 1841/1842, at last, his application to resign from the army was accepted.   Shortly before that he had a serious disagreement with fellow officers who objected to his proposals on promotion and deployment of junior officers.   It was his growing unpopularity with fellow officers over the past few years which accounted for his failure at this point to gain further promotion above the rank of Captain.

For the next few years Tscherning supported himself in the private sector, working with engineering and trading companies.   There is also mention of his having undertaken architecture work.    In addition, he participated in the political debates of the times as a journalist, continuing to advocate a more coherent approach to army reform, and beyond that topic establishing his credentials as a backer of a more "liberal" approach to government.

During this time he found time to marry.   Four months short of his fiftieth birthday, on 27 August 1845 Anton Frederik Tscherning married Eleonora Christine Lützow.   Despite being 22 years younger than he, the bride was his first cousin, although her father – Tscherning's maternal uncle, General Major Adam Tobias Lützow (1775–1844) – had acknowledged Eleonora as his daughter (and adopted her legally) only in 1837.

Minister for War

Having already gained a good knowledge of rural issues during his time in Frederiksværk, Tscherning became president of the The Society of the Friends of Peasants on its foundation in 1846.  This was a grouping that came together to press the case for political reform, with many of the features of a political party:  Tscherning's acceptance of its leadership marked an important step along his path to a more overtly political role.   He now played a leading part in events which culminated in what amounted to a quiet revolution in 1848/49.   When King Christian died in January 1848 he was still an "absolutist monarch":  After the wranglings that led to adoption of the written "June constitution" in 1849 his son, the popular Frederick VII, could be regarded as a "constitutional monarch".   Following the dismissal of the Stemann government in March 1848, having promoted the constitutional conference of 1848, it was natural that Tscherning should be invited to join the new administration under Adam Wilhelm Moltke, and his public profile over military reform meant that the War Ministry was the appropriate department for him to take over, albeit in the face of opposition from the conservative military establishment.   The king promoted him to the rank of colonel in the wake of victory against at Bov in April 1848, which was considered more appropriate than that of captain for the government's Minister for War (although relations between Tscherning and the king subsequently soured).

The Battle of Bov was the first significant conflict of the First Schleswig War which was essentially a separatist rebellion by Schleswig and Holstein, territories which formed the southern part of the Danish kingdom but which also had increasing links to Germany, intensified by migration pressures and a shifting language frontier.  To the south Holstein had also, till its abolition in 1806, formed part of the Holy Roman Empire, and now combined its ties to the Danish crown with membership of the German Confederation.   In a century of rising nationalism the tensions this situation created could only increase, and the rebellion took on the character of an international war when Prussia intervened on behalf of the separatists.   By July the Danish army had succeeded in stopping the rebels and their Prussian allies, although the underlying tensions that had triggered the war remained unresolved.  Tscherning was felt to have provided excellent leadership, demonstrating clarity of thought and abundant stamina.   He might not have been loved by the conservative military leaders, but he did enjoy widespread political support in the country, especially in the rural areas where support for the Society of the Friends of Peasants was concentrated.   He was able to prepare the way for universal military service.  He found the political backing to transform the army into a single coherent fighting entity, taking care at a detailed level of training and health issues, and very quickly, through changing the personnel at the top of the army and through personal example, gaining the loyalty of the forces.   By the time the government resigned, in November 1848, Denmark could call on a well coordinated army of approximately 30,000 men.

Tscherning's conduct of the war was not beyond criticism, however.   There are suggestions that if he had maximised the forces sent to crush the rebellion that erupted in Holstein at the outset, the subsequent coming together of a separatist Schleswig-Holstein rebel force might have been avoided.   There were occasions when disagreement at the top led to a lack of clarity over chains of command.   Some of his strategic decisions were portrayed as gratuitously whimsical.   However, he was also constrained by political considerations during the summer of 1848:  the Danish government position was widely backed by foreign powers (aside from those in the German confederation), but there was a growing risk that allies might initiate peace talks on Denmark's behalf.   When he resigned in November 1848 Tscherning was not convinced that a further three years of war was desirable and he increasingly came to the view that, while rebellion should be seen for what it was and put down accordingly, that did not mean that regional differences and language rights should be ignored.   In political terms, his belief in democratic structures and principals was very much on display between 1849 and 1864, the years that he spent as a member of parliament.   He also never lost his enthusiasm for military affairs, and never gave up on his belief in the "nation in arms" concept, in order to "holder Folket friskt og disciplinerer det" ("keep the people energetic and disciplined").

References

Category:Danish military officers
Category:Danish Defence Ministers
Category:19th-century Danish politicians
Category:Members of the Folketing
Category:Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Category:People from Frederiksværk
Category:People from Halsnæs Municipality
Category:1795 births
Category:1874 deaths


Gender equality in Rwanda

As of 2018, the African country Rwanda ranks in the top 5 countries for gender equality.  The idea of fairness that dominates this country arose after the genocide against the Tutsi that occurred in 1994. The government is committed to ensuring equal rights for women and men without prejudice to the principles of gender equality and complementarity in national development.  These ideas are exhibited through the roles of Rwanda women in government, the respect for women’s education and the role of women in Rwanda healthcare. The country also took an active stance against rape in genocide, created a national action plan after United Nations Resolution 1325, and is pushing towards ending gender-based violence.

Gender equality in the Rwandan government
The Rwandan government is set up to have at least 30 percent of its parliament members be women. In an 80 member parliament, 46 members were female in 2003. Inside Rwanda’s government, there is a Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion, a gender monitory office, and a commitment to gender-based budgeting that ensures the promotion of gender equality. The government supports programs like Women for Women International Rwanda, which focuses on women of the country becoming economically independent. The government also has promoted gender equality in Rwanda using the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion. In one significant change, women have been given the same right as men to inherit land and in other factors like in some government posts, the military, and education.

Rape in genocide

Rape was used throughout the Rwandan genocide by Hutu men to gain power and control over Tutsi women. This act was even encouraged by leaders as a weapon of war. The prominent Hutu Minister of Family and Women's Affairs for Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhko, emboldened Hutu men by distributing contraception for the purpose of rape. Nyiramasuhko was quoted saying, "'Before you kill the women, you need to rape them."'

The United Nations speculates that about 250,000 to 500,000 women experienced rape during the genocide. These numbers may be modest when considering the stigma surrounding sexual violence within Rwanda. When Rwanda began to process the crimes committed during genocide, Rwandan law only categorized rape as a Category Four crime. This category is similar in severity to stealing property, not taking into account the severe trauma these women may be experiencing. Social worker Godelieve Mukasarasi realized this injustice and gathered rape survivors from genocide to testify their stories in Parliament. Mukasarasi's work allowed for members of Parliament to see the severity of rape in war and genocide. Rwandan legislators changed this act in genocide law from a Category Four to a Category One crime. Category One is equal to killing someone to perpetuate reasons of genocide. This legal affirmation of rape as a weapon in genocide solidifies the country's push towards gender equality.

Godelieve Mukasarasi also started a program called SEVOTA to help women and children impacted by rape and genocide process through trauma. SEVOTA stands for Solidarity for the Blooming of the Widows and the Orphans aiming at Work and Self-promotion. Her program uses the arts and small group fellowship to help women and children share their experiences and break the stigma around sexual violence. This program also helps create relationships between children who were born from genocidal rape and their mothers. SEVOTA gives Rwandan women and survivors the tools to speak out about rape and sexual assault, working to remove societal shame and bring empowerment.

United Nations Resolution 1325 in Rwanda
The United Nations issued Resolution 1325 in 2000 to affirm their dedication to international gender equality. This document was crafted after the atrocities of the Rwandan genocide and focuses on how gender-based violence played a role in the conflict. Resolution 1325 specifically references how violence like genocide disproportionately hurts women and children. These women living in conflict-ridden states should also have a major role in stabilization efforts. The resolution details how women need to have an active voice in their respective governments, deserve defense from sexual assault and rape, need legal protections against gender-based attacks, and should be offered inclusivity in emergency aid programs. Most countries put Resolution 1325 into action through nation specific plans and commitments to end gender based violence. Rwanda specifically implemented Resolution 1325 in 2010 with an aim to end domestic violence and intimate partner violence. The national action plan also worked on relations between the genders after genocide and generating economic sustainability for women throughout the country. There is some skepticism on how Resolution 1325 actually impacts women living in areas that are not involved in high-profile politics. The measured success of the national action plan did not have tangible results specifically correlated to the resolution.

Educational advancements
Rwanda has all pushed for girls’ education since the mass genocide. In 2004, The Girls’ Education Task Force (GETF) was created under the Ministry of Education to promote education for young girls. Programs have been created to help educate women who may have previously been kept out of school and allows them to receive the education they have been denied. These programs for equality in education are not for girls only though; programs have been implemented that allow both boys and girls to discuss women’s education. The Aikiah Institute is the first all-female college in Rwanda and supports equality between genders by "preparing their students to be the future of the nation."

Gender equality in healthcare
Rwanda has made many changes to promote equity for all, with one category that they have worked to improve in being healthcare. Malaria, HIV/AIDS and cholera were once prevalent in Rwanda. However, since the mass genocide that happened in 1994, Rwanda has been working to improve these conditions. The Rwandan government has partnered with Harvard’s Public In Health and global health advocate Paul Farmer. With this aid, the Rwandan government has completely re-standardized its health system. The promotion of health for women has been led by Rwanda health minister, Agnes Binagwaho. Binagwaho has pushed for equality in the healthcare system by advocating for young girls to receive the HPV vaccine Additionally, One UN Rwanda leads discussion groups on reproductive health and contraceptives to teach college women about health.

Ending gender-based violence
Although Rwanda outlawed marital rape in 2009, there is still some work left to end gender-based violence in the country. As of 2015, 21 percent of women in Rwanda experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence over the course of 12 months. This statistic is still a large improvement from when a vast number of women were raped during the genocide. Organizations like the Rwanda Women’s Network have been created to help fight against domestic violence and gender-based violence.

A study done by BioMed Central analyzes the rates of intimate partner violence throughout Rwanda after the genocide, specifically in the years 2005 and 2010. In this case, intimate partner violence is defined as physical, emotional, mental, or sexual abuse within a partnered relationship. According to BioMed Central, 34 percent of Rwandan women claimed to have been in a partnered relationship and survived intimate partner violence in 2005. This number jumped to 56 percent in 2010. This increase could be attributed to the lessening of stigma in regards to intimate partner violence throughout Rwanda. Women are feeling more comfortable when sharing their experiences. Additionally, there was a sharp increase in female political leaders after the genocide in 2003, challenging strict gender roles throughout the country. BioMed Central also found that the rates of intimate partner violence could possibly have increased due to the visible amounts of powerful women in Rwandan society. Both of these theories indicate a slight shift in societal norms regarding gender based violence.

Another study conducted by departmental researchers at the University of Rwanda, Kigali, Umeå University, Sweden, and the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, investigated the stigma of intimate partner violence throughout Rwanda. The data shows that even though the state of Rwanda took an active stance against intimate partner violence, the societal standards for women were still in line with traditional gender roles. These varied standards impacted how women utilized resources when experiencing violence. This study also proves that to fully eradicate gender-based violence, change must come from Rwandan society as well as implemented policy.

Advancing gender equality
Women in Rwanda have also been working to close the gender-based wage gap. In 2018, Rwandan women make eighty-eight cents to a man’s dollar, which puts Rwanda as number 25 for economic equality among genders.

Notes

Rwanda
Category:Women in Rwanda
Category:Human rights in Rwanda


Gary Howell

Gary Howell (born November 1, 1966) is an American politician and businessman from West Virginia. He is currently a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates for the 56th district and chairman of the Mineral County Republican Executive Committee.

Biography
Howell has lived his entire life in Keyser, West Virginia. He attended Frostburg State University in Frostburg, Maryland, graduating in 1990.

He has worked extensively in the motorsports industry. He has raced both stock cars and drag cars, built winning race cars, built award winning show cars, and designed racing parts. His media skills include hosting and writing a syndicated radio show, freelance writing automotive magazine articles, and guest appearances as technical expert on automotive TV shows.

In addition to working in the automotive field, he is an advocate for small business and consumers fighting against credit card fraud and for the reform of credit card laws in the US.

Before his election to the House of Delegates 49th District in 2010, Howell had unsuccessfully run for the Mineral County Commission in 2006, losing to incumbent Cynthia L. Pyles, and for a seat in the West Virginia Senate in 2008, losing to Robert Williams.

After re-election in 2012 to the House of Delegates 56th District, Howell was named Minority Chairman of the major committee Government Organization.

In November 2013, Howell was named the national chairman of the State Automotive Enthusiast Leadership Caucus. The caucus is a bipartisan group of state lawmakers made up of close to 600 legislators from all 50 states.

Introduced legislation

Intrastate Coal and Use Act
In protest of the Environmental Protection Agency allegedly overstepping its authority by interfering with intrastate commerce, the West Virginia Intrastate Coal and Use Act (H.B. 2554) was introduced into the West Virginia House of Delegates by Howell. The bill states that coal sold and used within the borders of West Virginia is not subject to EPA authority because no interstate commerce exist and the state retains the rights to control its own intrastate commerce under the 10th Amendment.

Awards

2006 Named one of West Virginia's "Generation Next:40 under 40" by the State Journal
Was selected "West Virginia Exporter of the Year" by the Small Business Administration in 2003.
Built the winning car in the 2005 Car and Driver Supercar Challenge

References

External links

Category:1966 births
Category:American motorsport people
Category:Businesspeople from West Virginia
Category:Frostburg State University alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates
Category:People from Cumberland, Maryland
Category:People from Keyser, West Virginia
Category:SEMA members
Category:Sons of the American Revolution
Category:West Virginia Republicans
Category:21st-century American politicians


Guy L. Goodwin

Guy Lee Goodwin (September 15, 1928 - December 10, 2007) was an American lawyer, and chief of the Special Litigation service of the criminal division of the United States Department of Justice. He was notable for his use of grand juries in attempts to investigate the Weather Underground, and was characterized, by the prominent reporter Jack Anderson, as "President Nixon's 'Witch-Finder General'".

Early life
Born in Kansas City, Kansas, he later served in the Army just after World War II, based in Los Alamos, New Mexico. He graduated from the University of Kansas in 1952 with a combined bachelor's and law degree.

Death
Goodwin died of a stroke December 10, 2007 at Georgetown University Hospital at age 79.  He was survived by his wife of 55 years, Frances M. Goodwin; his daughter, Sarah Goodwin Thomas; and three grandchildren.

References

Category:20th-century American lawyers
Category:1928 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:United States Department of Justice officials
Category:People from Kansas City, Kansas


Borys Rassykhin

Borys Rassykhin (, Boris Andreyevich Rassikhin; 27 April 1937) is a former professional Soviet football midfielder and coach from Moscow.

All his games for Shakhtar Rassykhin played at the Soviet Top League. In 1963 he joined the newly created FC Karpaty Lviv that was admitted to the Class B.

After retiring from a playing career, in 1989 he became the first head coach of the revived Karpaty.

References

External links

Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Moscow
Category:Soviet footballers
Category:FC Shakhtar Donetsk players
Category:FC Karpaty Lviv players
Category:FC Naftovyk Drohobych players
Category:Soviet Top League players
Category:Soviet football managers
Category:Ukrainian football managers
Category:FC Shakhtar Chervonohrad managers
Category:FC Bukovyna Chernivtsi managers
Category:FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk managers
Category:FC Karpaty Lviv managers
Category:FC Halychyna Drohobych managers
Category:FC Hazovyk Komarno managers
Category:FC Venita Lipkani managers
Category:Ukrainian expatriate football managers
Category:Expatriate football managers in Moldova
Category:Association football midfielders


Aisling Judge

Aisling Judge is an Irish scientist from Kinsale, County Cork. She was the winner of the 42nd Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition in 2006 at the age of 13. She was the youngest winner in the history of the competition, until her record was taken two years later by thirteen-year-old Emer Jones from Tralee in County Kerry. Judge later finished in third place at the 18th European Union Contest for Young Scientists.

At the time of her win Judge was a second-year student at Kinsale Community School in Kinsale. Her project involved the creation of a device to demonstrate when packaged food had gone out of date. It was called "The development and evaluation of a biological food spoilage indicator". The judges said her work involved "a highly innovative and creative use of experimental biology" and that it was "very impressive" and "a novel use of technology".

Judge won the Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition at the RDS, Dublin on 13 January 2006.

Judge appeared on the Turkey Talking segment of children's television programme Dustin's Daily News in 2007 to discuss a CD she had created to assist science students with their examination revision. She went on to finish in third place at the 18th European Union Contest for Young Scientists, which was held in Sweden.

Judge was also part one of what was to become the first school in the country to be attended by multiple Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition winners in 2009 when her fellow students Liam McCarthy and John D. O'Callaghan won the same award whilst she was still a student there. McCarthy and O'Callaghan cited her success as an influence in encouraging them to compete and helping them to achieve their win.

Judge went on to attain a bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering at University College Dublin and a master's degree in biochemical engineering at University College London.

References

External links

Category:Irish women scientists
Category:People from Kinsale
Category:Food scientists
Category:Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition
Category:Living people
Category:1991 births
Category:Irish scientists


James Samuel Risien Russell

James Samuel Risien Russell  (17 September 1863 – 20 March 1939) was a Guyanese-British physician, neurologist, professor of medicine, and professor of medical jurisprudence.

Education and career
After education from 1880 to 1882 at the Dollar Institute in Scotland, J. S. Risien Russell studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB CM in 1886, and MD in 1893 with gold medal. He qualified MRCP in 1891. He went to London for postgraduate study at St Thomas's Hospital and won a British Medical Association (BMA) scholarship in 1895. After study in Paris and Berlin, he was appointed resident medical officer at the National Hospital, Queen Square. He held appointments there for thirty years, becoming assistant physician, then physician, and retiring as consultant physician and joining the National Hospital's board of management.

Early in his career he also held junior appointments at the Royal Brompton Hospital and Nottingham General Hospital and was appointed assistant physician to the Metropolitan Hospital. In the 1890s he collaborated with Victor Horsley on anatomical research. Russell was appointed to the visiting medical staff of University College Hospital, becoming full physician and professor of clinical medicine. There he was also appointed professor of medical jurisprudence in 1900. He also maintained a private practice at his house on Wimpole Street, Marylebone. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) in 1897.

He was the author or co-author of a number of research articles. He contributed articles on neurological disease to Quain's Dictionary of Medicine, Allbutt's A System of Medicine, the Encyclopaedia Medica, and Gibson's Textbook of Medicine.

Russell served as vice-president of the Section of Psychological Medicine and Neurology at the annual meeting of the BMA in London in 1910. He was elected a corresponding member of the Société de Neurologie de Paris. From 1908 to 1918 he served as a captain in the RAMC. During WWI he was a leading expert on "shell shock" and "neurasthenia".

Personal life
Russell was of mixed race, born to a sugar plantation owner from Scotland. On 28 July 1892 in Kenwyn, Cornwall, he married Ada Gwenllian Michell (1869–1922). Their daughter Marjory Gwenllian Russell was born in 1893. In 1924 in Marylebone, London, Risien Russell married the widow Ada Clement (1882–1971). Many of the patients in his private practice were from London's high society.

Selected publications

with F. E. Batten and J. Collier:

References

Category:1863 births
Category:1939 deaths
Category:Guyanese medical doctors
Category:19th-century British medical doctors
Category:20th-century British medical doctors
Category:British neurologists
Category:People educated at Dollar Academy
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Physicians of University College Hospital
Category:Royal Army Medical Corps officers
Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians