Ceded and Conquered Provinces

The Ceded and Conquered Provinces constituted a region in northern India that was ruled by the British East India Company from 1805 to 1834; it corresponded approximately—in present-day India—to all regions in Uttar Pradesh state with the exception of the Lucknow and Faizabad divisions of Awadh; in addition, it included the Delhi territory and, after 1816, the Kumaun division and a large part of the Garhwal division of present-day Uttarakhand state. In 1836, the region became the North-Western Provinces (under a Lieutenant-Governor), and in 1904, the Agra Province within the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.

Ceded Provinces
At the start of the 19th century, only the Banares division and the fort of Allahabad in present-day Uttar Pradesh were under British rule.  In 1801, the Nawab of Awadh, Saadat Ali, ceded some territory to the British in return for protection against a threat of attack from the north-west by Zaman Shah Durrani, the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani.  The territory included the Gorakhpur and Rohilkhand divisions; the districts of Allahabad, Fatehpur, Cawnpore, Etawah, Mainpuri, Etah; the southern part of Mirzapur; and the terai parganas of Kumaun, and came to be known as the Ceded Provinces.  A year later the Nawab of Farrukhabad ceded Farrukhabad district to the British.

Conquered Provinces

With the outbreak the Second Anglo-Maratha War, General Lake, took the Meerut division (including Aligarh, after the Battle of Ally Ghur), and soon, the rest of the Agra division (including Agra city), and the districts around Delhi.  In addition, most of the trans-Jamuna districts of Banda and Hamirpur were added, as well as a small area in Jalaun district.

In 1816, under the Treaty of Sugauli signed at the conclusion of the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816), the Kumaun division and Dehra Dun district of present-day Uttarakhand state were annexed as well.

Administration

The Ceded and Conquered Provinces were a part of the Bengal Presidency of British India under the administration of the Governor-General-in-Council.  The great distance of the newly acquired territory from the capital of the presidency in Calcutta created administrative hitches. In response, a number of temporary arrangements were attempted, but proved to be less than optimal; finally, in 1831, an independent Board of Revenue and a separate Sadr Diwani and Nizamat Adalat (Chief Civil and Criminal Courts) were created for these provinces.  In 1833, an Act of the British Parliament (statute 3 and 4, William IV, cap. 85) concurrently promulgated the division of the Bengal Presidency, the elevation the Ceded and Conquered Provinces to the new Presidency of Agra, and the appointment of a new Governor for the latter.  However, the plan was never carried out, and in 1835 another Act of Parliament (statute 5 and 6, William IV, cap. 52) renamed the region the North Western Provinces, this time to be administered by a Lieutenant-Governor, the first of whom, Sir Charles Metcalfe, would be appointed in 1836.

See also
Company rule in India
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
British Raj

Notes

References

Category:Subdivisions of British India
Category:Historical Indian regions
Category:British administration in Uttar Pradesh
Category:History of Allahabad
Category:1805 establishments in British India


Mławka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Mławka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iłowo-Osada, within Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Iłowo-Osada,  south-east of Działdowo, and  south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 190.

References

Category:Villages in Działdowo County


Bart Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Bart Township is a township in southeastern Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. At the 2010 Census the population was 3,094.

History

Founding
The name of Bart Township apparently comes from a reinterpretation of the abbreviation "Bart." for "Baronet". This abbreviation was used by former Colonial Governor Sir William Keith, Bart. After being forced out of the Governorship by Hannah Penn, Sir William Keith, Bart. won election as an Assemblyman in Philadelphia. In March 1728, Sir William Keith, Bart. left Pennsylvania in a hurry—he was running out on his debts. He left for England, never to return He abandoned his wife, Lady Keith, who is buried in Christ Church Cemetery in Philadelphia.

What is now Bart Township was part of Sadsbury, Chester County before the formation of Lancaster County.

In 1744, Sadsbury Township was split into two; the western part was organized as Bart Township and the eastern part remained Sadsbury Township. In 1854, Bart Township was split into two, with the western part organized as Eden Township, and the eastern part remaining Bart Township.

On October 2, 2006, a lone gunman, identified as Charles Carl Roberts IV, shot ten Amish schoolgirls, killing five of them, in an attack on West Nickel Mines Parochial School, an Amish one-room school in Nickel Mines, Bart Township. Roberts then shot and killed himself as police responded.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,003 people, 820 households, and 700 families residing in the township.  The population density was 185.3 people per square mile (71.5/km²).  There were 836 housing units at an average density of 51.6/sq mi (19.9/km²).  The racial makeup of the township was 98.60% White, 0.80% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.17% from other races, and 0.17% from two or more races.  0.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 820 households, out of which 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.9% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.6% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 3.66 and the average family size was 4.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 37.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $45,250, and the median income for a family was $47,604. Males had a median income of $33,387 versus $21,379 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,399.  About 10.3% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Bart Township is served by the Solanco School District.

References

Category:Populated places established in 1744
Category:Townships in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Category:Townships in Pennsylvania
Category:1744 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies


Northern Heights High School

Northern Heights High School is a fully accredited public high school located in Allen, Kansas, in the North Lyon County USD 251 school district, serving students in grades 9-12.  The school mascot is the Wildcats and the school colors are black and white.

Extracurricular activities
The Wildcats compete in the Flint Hills League. Northern Heights is in the KSHSAA classification 2A.

Athletics
The Wildcats compete in the Flint Hills League and are classified as a 2A school.
Northern Heights High School offers the following sports:

Fall
 Boys' Cross Country
 Girls' Cross Country
 Fall Cheerleading
 Football
 Volleyball

Winter
 Boys' Basketball
 Girls' Basketball
 Winter Cheerleading

Spring
 Baseball
 Golf
 Softball
 Boys' Track and Field
 Girls' Track and Field

References

External links

Category:Public high schools in Kansas
Category:Schools in Lyon County, Kansas
Category:Educational institutions established in 1958


Marrow (novel)

Marrow is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Reed published in 2000.

Plot
When a jovian sized, artificially-created structure enters the galaxy, a society of technologically advanced humans (capable of interstellar flight and functionally immortal) are the first to intercept and investigate it.  Finding it to be an intergalactic ship, they decide to convert it into a cruise ship, inviting alien races to join them in its massive, uncharted interior as it makes a slow circumnavigation of the Milky Way .

After thousands of years, with over 200 billion creatures living in its upper levels, a group of explorers discover a planet hidden in the core of the Great Ship.  As they explore it, however, an ionic blast cuts them off from the rest of the ship and destroys much of their technology. Because this planet, Marrow, is slowly expanding, the explorers reason that a new bridge can be built in another 5,000 years. They thus begin a civilization on the surface of Marrow.

The descendants of these original explorers come to believe that the large superstructure has been built to contain the Bleak, a race of nearly unstoppable insect-like creatures.  Calling themselves the Wayward, they take over the ship when the bridge is completed and attempt to steer it towards a black hole to destroy the Bleak.

One of the original explorers sees a vision of the Builders of the ship fighting the Bleak, containing them within the heart of Marrow and constructing the ship around it as a prison.  The Bleak, it is concluded, have twisted the Wayward into destroying the ship so that they may escape.  They stop the Wayward's plan by undermining the ship's control and command systems to divert the engines' thrust just enough to skim past the black hole .

The book ends with the suggestion that, with Marrow being a prison for the Bleak and the Great Ship an extension of that prison, the universe itself could be a further layer constructed by the Builders.

Reviews and criticism

While many readers had generally positive reactions to the novel, numerous criticisms were drawn. Some reviewers argue that the novel, while grand in premise, ends up muddled. Many note that Robert Reed visited on the Marrow planet/ship concept in three of his earlier works, "The Remoras", "Aeon's Child", and a short story also named "Marrow". Clause Lalumière viewed Marrow as essentially a world-building exercise unnaturally constrained into the novel form and would rather have seen a collection of short stories flesh out the world he'd created. Peter Tillman felt the novel had too many scientific errors to be true sci-fi and would be better classified as sci-fantasy.
Nevertheless, most reviewers agreed the book is entertaining and novel in its scope and premise. Reed himself defends his non-strict approach to science in his sci-fi writings, and seems to have intentionally left much of his work in the realm of fantasy.

Sequels

The sequel to Marrow is The Well of Stars (2004).

Translations
 French: "" ("The Great Ship"), Bragelonne, 2006,
 Russian: "" ("The Vital Force"), AST, 2003, .
 Spanish:  ("Marrow"), La Factoría de Ideas, 2007,

References

Category:2000 American novels
Category:American science fiction novels
Category:Novels by Robert Reed
Category:Tor Books books
Category:Black holes in fiction
Category:Novels about extraterrestrial life
Category:Novels set in prison


Michael Lumb (footballer)

Michael Lumb (born 9 January 1988) is a Danish footballer who currently plays for AC Horsens.

Career

Aarhus

Lumb was born in Aarhus, Denmark to a Danish mother and an English father. He is left-footed and plays left back. He came from AGFs 1988-born Danish Youth Championship-winning team, a side that included Morten Beck Andersen, Frederik Krabbe, Michael Vester, Niels Kristensen, Jesper Blicher and Anders Syberg. Lumb was named the young gun "Shooting Star" of the autumn season 2007–08 by the Danish newspaper Ekstra Bladet.

Despite his youth age, Lumb has played more than 100 matches for AGF in the Superliga and First Division.

On 11 January 2010, it was reported on AGF's website that he was moving to Zenit Saint Petersburg in the Russian Premier League.

Zenit
Lumb signed a three-year contract with Sine-Belo-Golubye. In Zenit, Lumb faced a tough competition for a left back position with likes of Slovak international Tomáš Hubočan, and as a result didn't play much. Lumb played for the first team just twice in the first half of 2010 season, and the arrival of another international left defender Aleksandar Luković meant he had to move to get any playing minutes.

Lumb was initially loaned out to Dutch side Feyenoord, but the move proved unsuccessful, as he was of cause relegated to the bench and then in the stands. He was subsequently recalled and loaned to his homeland club AaB Fodbold.

Lumb returned to Zenit in summer 2011, to a team that, in addition to Hubočan and Luković, had signed Italy national team left wing-back Domenico Criscito. Lumb spend the rest of the year playing for the reserves, occasionally as a centre-back.

After having been on trial first, Lumb was signed by SC Freiburg on 17 January 2012 until the end of the season on a loan deal.

Bochum
On 25 January 2013, Lumb signed a contract until the end of the season with VfL Bochum.

FC Vestsjælland
On the 19 June 2013, Lumb signed a two-year contract with FCV.

Lyngby Boldklub
On 17 July 2015, Lumb signed a one-year contract with Lyngby Boldklub.

Statistics

Honours
 Danish U-21 Player of the Year 2008

Zenit St. Petersburg
 Russian Cup: 2010

References

External links

 Danish national team profile
 Official Danish league stats at danskfodbold.com

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Danish footballers
Category:Danish people of British descent
Category:Danish people of English descent
Category:Danish expatriates in Russia
Category:Denmark international footballers
Category:Denmark under-21 international footballers
Category:Aarhus Gymnastikforening players
Category:FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
Category:Feyenoord players
Category:AaB Fodbold players
Category:SC Freiburg players
Category:VfL Bochum players
Category:FC Vestsjælland players
Category:AC Horsens players
Category:Danish Superliga players
Category:Russian Premier League players
Category:Eredivisie players
Category:Bundesliga players
Category:2. Bundesliga players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Russia
Category:Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Category:Expatriate footballers in Germany
Category:Sportspeople from Aarhus
Category:Association football defenders


Adams Avenue Historic District

The Adams Avenue Historic District in Memphis, Tennessee is a  historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It contained six contributing buildings:
St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church (1852), at 190 Adams Ave.
North Memphis Savings Bank (1901), at 110 Adams Ave.
Shelby County Courthouse (1909), at 160 Adams Ave., which was designed by architects H. D. Hale and James Gamble Rogers, who both were students of the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris.  It has sculpture groups in its four pediments, designed by J. Massey Rhind.
Fire Engine House No. 1 (1910), at 118 Adams Ave.
Memphis Police Station (1911), at 128 or 130 Adams Ave.
Criminal Courts Building (1925), at 156 Washington Ave.

References

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Category:Neoclassical architecture in Tennessee
Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Tennessee
Category:Shelby County, Tennessee


Mikhail Malakhov

Mikhail Malakhov may refer to:
 Mikhail Georgiyevich Malakhov, Russian Arctic explorer, Hero of the Russian Federation
 Mikhail Fedorovich Malakhov (b. 1946), chief justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1993 to 1996
 Mikhail Pavlovich Malakhov (1781-1842), Russian architect


Fiona Hughes

Fiona-Elizabeth Hughes (born 5 March 1990) is an English cross-country skier from Huddersfield. She has competed in the World Cup since February 2010 and represented Great Britain at the 2009 World Championships and the 2010 Winter Olympics. Hughes is the only female British cross-country skier competing at the 2010 Olympics.

She finished 68th in the 10 km event at the 2010 Games while at the 2009 championships, Hughes finished 14th in the team sprint, 68th in the 10 km, 85th in the individual sprint, and was lapped in the 15 km mixed pursuit events. Her best World Cup finish was 60th in the individual sprint event at Canada in 2010.

She's currently reading Engineering at Queens' College, Cambridge.

References

External links

 Fiona Hughes at British Olympic Association

Category:1990 births
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Category:English female cross-country skiers
Category:Living people
Category:Olympic cross-country skiers of Great Britain
Category:Sportspeople from Huddersfield
Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge


Eurytus, the Centaur

#REDIRECT  Eurytus#Eurytus, the Centaur

Category:Labours of Theseus


Napoleon Bonaparte Monument (Warsaw)

The Napoleon Bonaparte Monument was erected to honor the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte on the 190th anniversary of his death. Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony. Following Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia, the duchy was occupied by Prussian and Russian troops until 1815, when it was formally partitioned between the two countries at the Congress of Vienna. It covered central and eastern part of present Poland and minor parts of present Lithuania and Belarus.

Category:Monuments and memorials in Warsaw
Warsaw
Category:2011 sculptures
Category:2011 establishments in Poland


Dead Confederate

Dead Confederate was an American alternative rock band, formed in Augusta, Georgia and based in Athens, Georgia. The band's sound was described as a mix of alternative country, psychedelic rock and grunge, and has drawn comparisons to Nirvana and My Morning Jacket.

History
Childhood friends Thomas Hardy Morris and Walker Howle have played together since high school in Augusta, Georgia and along with Morris's brother Dawson hooked up with Jason Scarboro and Brantley Senn to form Redbelly in college in 1997.

Redbelly's original lead singer Dawson Morris left and the band eventually went on to release its self-titled debut in October 2003 (recorded in Augusta in December 2002). At this point the band was primarily a southern rock-influenced jam band whose songs would often be 20 or 30 minutes long and were styled between Neil Young and Pink Floyd. Drummer Jason Scarboro later commented that the band had had its "share of playing 20- and 30-minute songs and really, it sucked--It's something that gets really old"; Senn also commented that "We knew we were making music that didn’t match the music we were into. We were going nowhere".

A turning point for the band came when the members relocated to Atlanta, where John Watkins joined them and they renamed themselves The Redbelly Band. The Redbelly Band released an EP entitled Underbelly in 2004 and what would become the Redbelly Band's last album, Petition To The Queen (recorded at Transduction Studios in Athens) in 2006. The album featured the first version of the Senn-penned track The Rat, which was intentionally tighter than the band's previous looser, more improvised material.

In late 2006, the members relocated to Athens, where Morris and Senn attended college. Taking themselves more seriously and writing tighter, more song-based material, they renamed the band Dead Confederate. When questioned about the new name, frontman Morris commented that it "sounded like we did; a bit dark, a bit militant, a bit southern"; Senn later commented that the Redbelly Band was "a terrible name". After beating hundreds of bands to win the Open Mic Madness battle of the bands competition in Atlanta, the band was given the prize of two days' free recording at the city's Nickel and Dime Studios, where they produced a four-song demo.

In 2007, former Capitol Records president Gary Gersh, who had previously signed Sonic Youth and Nirvana to Geffen Records signed Dead Confederate as the first band on his new label TAO. Radio DJ and record company scout Scott Register had seen the band play in Birmingham, Alabama and had played the band's demo to Gersh. On January 22, 2008, the band released its self-titled debut EP, which was a collection of early recordings. The new EP and an appearance at the South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas resulted in some national exposure.

On September 16, 2008, the band released its first LP, Wrecking Ball, on the TAO label. The band recorded the album earlier that year with producer Mike McCarthy in Austin.

The band toured the album nationwide, including shows with Dinosaur Jr, and in Europe with A Place To Bury Strangers and J Mascis.

On October 10, Dead Confederate made its first national television appearance, performing The Rat on Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Four months later, the song spent a week at No. 39 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.

In 2009, the band signed a deal with Kartel in the UK and Europe, which saw "Wrecking Ball" released on October 26, 2009, with a selection of the tracks from the band's debut EP as bonus material.

The band released its second LP, Sugar, in North America on October 24, 2010, and in the UK and Europe on September 13. The album was recorded with producer John Agnello in Hoboken, New Jersey, during record-setting snowfall, a factor that influenced the album's title. Morris described the album as being "more upbeat and psychedelic" than Wrecking Ball and revealed that the band deliberately didn't work on the arrangements for the songs until just days before entering the studio.

In the summer of 2010, the band co-headlined a US tour with Alberta Cross—the "DC/AC" tour, and also toured Europe and England in February 2011 as co-headliners with UK and Europe label mates The Whigs.

In a February 2011 interview, Senn stated that the band was working on EP of b-sides from the Sugar album sessions, however this was never released.

Following a number of live dates with different drummers, the band announced in August 2011 that found member, drummer Jason Scarboro had left the band to "start a family". The band set to work on their third studio album in early 2012 with Andy LeMaster and Drive-By Truckers producer David Barbe at Chase Park Transduction in Athens. The album In The Marrow was released in April 2013 via the band's own Redeye Distribution distributed Spiderbomb Records, which according to Morriss is a "kind of a culmination of all the stuff we’ve done" and features new drummer JJ Bower and guests Thayer Sarrano and Matt Stoessel. In December 2012, the band released the EP Peyote People featuring tracks recorded following the album sessions digitally though their official website. The EP features guest musicians in addition to the band, and was potentially going to be released not as Dead Confederate but as Peyote People.

Post-split
The band's guitarist Walker Howle has concentrated on his artwork and work in architecture as well as headlining local shows under several names including PigMan and Tia Madre.

Bassist Brantley Senn has gone into web development and digital marketing.

Keyboardist John Watkins has since performed locally with the likes of The Honey Sliders and Houston In The Blind.

Morris as well as playing solo gigs as T. Hardy Morris and The Outfit has formed Diamond Rugs with Deer Tick singer John McCauley and Black Lips guitarist Ian Saint Pé.

In March 2013 it was announced that Morris had signed to Dangerbird Records and release his debut solo album Audition Tapes in summer 2013 as T. Hardy Morris and The Outfit. He released follow up album Drownin on a Mountaintop in 2015.

The band's original drummer Jason Scarboro now works as an electrician.

Discography

Studio albums
Wrecking Ball (2008, TAO)
Sugar (2010, TAO/Old Flame)
In The Marrow (April 2013)

Extended plays
Dead Confederate EP (2008, TAO)
Dirty Ammo (EP) (2009)
Peyote People (EP) (2012, Spiderbomb/Redeye)

Singles
 "The Rat" (2009) No. 39 Billboard Alternative Songs chart
 "Start Me Laughing" (2009)
 "Giving It All Away" (2010)
 "Run From The Gun" (2010)
 "Vacations" (2013)

References

Category:Alternative rock groups from Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Athens, Georgia
Category:Musical groups established in 2006


Marbletown, Wayne County, New York

Marbletown is a hamlet in the Town of Arcadia, Wayne County, New York, United States near the Ontario County line. It is located 3 miles (5 km) southeast of the Village of Newark, at an elevation of 486 feet (148 m). The primary cross roads where the hamlet is located are Marbletown Road (CR 336), Silver Hill Road and Miller Road.

Marbletown Schoolhouse (built 1876), a historic building, is located on the corner of Marbletown Road and Miller Road. The school served as an educational place for area children until it closed in 1947.

References

Category:Hamlets in Wayne County, New York
Category:Hamlets in New York (state)
Category:Populated places in Wayne County, New York


Georg Schöllhammer

Georg Schöllhammer is an Austrian curator, writer and editor, born in 1958 in Linz, Austria. He is one of the founders and the editor in chief of the influential art magazine Springerin based in Vienna and was the initiator, head and editor in chief of the Documenta 12 Magazines.

Georg Schoellhammer studied architecture, art history and philosophy. Between 1988 and 1994 he was the editor for fine arts of the newspaper Der Standard. From 1992 on, he is visiting professor for Theory of Contemporary Art at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz. He published extensively on fine arts, architecture and art theory. He gave lectures and held seminars at various universities and colleges around the world and he was curator for the international cooperative project “translocatione new media_art”; he also co-curated the festival “du bist die welt” of the annual Vienna Festival in 2001, as well as exhibitions in Yerevan, Bucharest and Sofia.

References

Category:1958 births
Category:Austrian curators
Category:People from Linz
Category:University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz faculty
Category:Living people


Gaochang (disambiguation)

Gaochang was an ancient kingdom in modern Turpan, China.

Gaochang may also refer to:

Gaochang District, the main urban district of Turpan, formerly the county-level city of Turpan
Gaochang Subdistrict, within Gaochang District
Qocho, a Uyghur kingdom that succeeded ancient Gaochang


Andalusia Molesworth

Andalusia Molesworth born Andalusia Carstairs also known as Andalusia Grant; Lady Molesworth and Andalusia West ( – 16 May 1888) was a British singer and society hostess.

Life
Molesworth did not come from a noble family. She entered the Royal Academy of Music and on leaving she demonstrated her abilities as a soprano singer at Covent Garden, although her acting abilities were unimpressive. She was known as Miss Grant and she appeared in a play about Rob Roy MacGregor, Guy Mannering and Isidore de Merida with the tenor John Braham.

She retired and married an older landowner, Temple West, in 1831. When he died in 1839 she moved in from the provinces and took a house at 29 Half Moon Street in London.

She married Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet after a one-month engagement on 9 July 1844. His family were not keen given her lack of background and that she was maybe too old to deliver an heir. Sir William had enjoyed the support of Harriet Grote and her husband, but Harriet broke with him over his marriage. An ambitions and scheming character in Dickens' Bleak House was said to be based on Molesworth. She became known as a hostess inviting notable people to stay at Pencarrow House in Cornwall including Charles Dickens, Sir Arthur Sullivan and Emperor Napoleon III.

George Byng, 7th Viscount Torrington was her companion after she became a widow. When she died she left her fortune to Byng's nephew and heir as she was estranged from her dead husband's family. However she still remembered her last husband and in 1869 she had the Molesworth Mausoleum constructed at Kensal Green Cemetery.

Molesworth continued to be a society hostess for thirty years until she died in Eaton Place on 16 May 1888.

References

Category:1888 deaths
Category:British singers


Oberea andamana

Oberea andamana is a species of longhorn beetle in the tribe Saperdini in the genus Oberea, discovered by Breuning in 1961.

References

A
Category:Beetles described in 1961


1985–86 Wills Cup

The Wills One Day Cup 1985–86 was the first season of National One Day Championship and the premiere List A cricket domestic competition in Pakistan. Ten teams participated in this competition which was held from 8 to 27 September 1985.

Venue

Fixture and Results

Group stage

Group A
Points Table
Source:Pakistan Cricket Board

Group B
Points Table
Source:Pakistan Cricket Board

Semi final

External links
Pakistan Cricket Board

References

Category:National One Day Championship seasons


Suzanne Evans

Suzanne Elizabeth Evans (born February 1965) is an English journalist and politician, formerly associated with the UK Independence Party (UKIP).

On 6 May 2010, she was elected as a Conservative councillor in the London Borough of Merton Council. She resigned the Conservative whip on 15 May 2013, and then became a councillor with UKIP from 29 May 2013 to 22 May 2014.

Evans was Deputy Chair of UKIP from 2014 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017, with Neil Hamilton and later The Earl of Dartmouth. She was suspended from the party between March and September 2016, and was unable to run in its September 2016 leadership election before being re-appointed to the post of Deputy Chairman by Paul Nuttall. She was one of the three candidates in the party's November 2016 leadership election. She was a spokeswoman for the party and the co-author of its election manifesto in 2015 and 2017. She resigned from the party in December 2018, over the appointment of Stephen Yaxley-Lennon as an advisor to party leader Gerard Batten.

She stood as the UKIP candidate in the Shrewsbury and Atcham constituency in the 2015 general election.

Early life
Suzanne Elizabeth Evans was born in February 1965. Her father ran a watchmaking firm in Roushill in Shrewsbury, and her mother was a teacher.

Evans was educated at Baschurch Secondary Modern School, a state school in the village of Baschurch in Shropshire, now known as the Corbet School, and then at Shrewsbury Sixth Form College. She attended Lancaster University (1985–1987), from which she graduated with a BA in Religious Studies.

Media career
Evans trained as a journalist with the BBC and worked for BBC Radio in various roles from 1987 to 1999. On BBC Radio 4, these included being a reporter and presenter on the Sunday programme, and a reporter for Woman's Hour and for the Today programme.

She also worked for BBC Radio 5, for the BBC World Service, and also in several roles on BBC Local Radio.

Since January 2000, Evans has worked as a freelance public relations (PR) and marketing consultant, as Suzanne Evans Communications. She was also communications director at Aquarius PR from March 2006 to May 2013.

Political life
Evans began her political career as a member of Merton London Borough Council, elected in May 2010. She was elected as a Conservative councillor but resigned from the party in May 2013, citing a "poisonous war" within the party. She switched her allegiance to the UK Independence Party, but lost her seat a year later.

She soon became UKIP's deputy chairwoman and head of policy, serving between July 2014 and February 2016. She was primarily responsible for writing the UKIP 2015 manifesto, having taken over the job from Tim Aker. Her success in producing a coherent and credible platform, after the debacle of the party's 2010 manifesto, and her confident presentation of the completed document, prompted speculation that she might stand for leader of the party were Nigel Farage to resign after the 2015 general election. She was obliged to deny that any such bid was contemplated.

In 2014, Evans blamed poor UKIP support in London on the city's high number of "educated, cultured and young". She explained that she thought that in London, voters were "more likely, I think, to have read some of the negative press that's been about us, and I think they'd be more likely to believe it" whereas outside London people were more cynical about media reporting. In April 2015, Evans blamed the British housing shortage on increased demand caused by mass migration, a theory also repeated by Nigel Farage in election debates.

Evans was the UKIP candidate for the Shrewsbury and Atcham constituency in the 2015 general election, finishing third with 14.4% of the total vote.

After the 2015 general election
On 8 May 2015, Nigel Farage recommended her as the Interim Leader of UKIP following his resignation, but within three days the National Executive Committee of the party had rejected the Farage resignation, and so he remained leader.

On 18 June 2015, following comments made by Evans on the BBC's Daily Politics, Evans commented that the public had a "perceived divisive" view of Nigel Farage. The UKIP press office then withdrew Evans as a media commentator for UKIP, pending an internal inquiry.

On 23 March 2016, while still on the UKIP party list for the 2016 London Assembly election, Evans was suspended for six months from the party by UKIP's internal disciplinary committee. She, in turn, began legal action in the High Court against the decision, on the grounds that rules were allegedly being abused. Her six-month suspension from the party lapsed on 23 September.

UKIP leadership bid

Evans launched her bid to become leader of UKIP in October 2016, following the resignation of Diane James after 18 days in the job. Launching her campaign on The Andrew Marr Show, Evans said she'd be the "strong centre" and described herself and fellow candidate Paul Nuttall as "Team Sensible" compared to fellow candidate Raheem Kassam, following extreme comments from the soon-to-resign leadership candidate. When the results were announced, on 28 November 2016, she came a distant second out of the remaining three, and lost her deposit with 19.3% of the vote.

Charity work
Evans founded the Lipoedema UK charity in 2011, after discovering that she suffers from the condition.

References

External links
Suzanne Evans presenting the UKIP 2015 manifesto.

Category:1965 births
Category:Alumni of Lancaster University
Category:BBC radio presenters
Category:Conservative Party (UK) councillors
Category:Councillors in the London Borough of Merton
Category:English journalists
Category:English public relations people
Category:Living people
Category:People from Shrewsbury
Category:UK Independence Party councillors
Category:UK Independence Party parliamentary candidates


Robert Naylor (priest)

Robert Naylor (died 1661) was a Seventeenth Century priest in Ireland.

A cousin of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, he was born in Canterbury. He was ordained in 1625 and was Prebendary of Brigown in Cloyne Cathedral until he became Dean of Lismore in 1630. In 1640 he became Dean of Limerick, a post he held until his death in 1661.

References

Category:Irish Anglicans
Category:Deans of Lismore
Category:Deans of Limerick
Category:1661 deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:People from Canterbury
Category:Diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe


Guglielmo Minervini

Guglielmo Minervini (22 May 1961 – 2 August 2016) was an Italian politician.

From 2005 to 2016, he has been a member of the Regional Assembly of Apulia, serving as assessor under the Nichi Vendola presidency.

Biography
Minervini has been a close collaborator of bishop Antonio Bello and in 1985 he founded the "House of Peace", a point of reference for the fight against crime for many young people in the city.

A progressive catholic, in 1994 Minervini has been elected mayor of Molfetta as an independent supported by the Alliance of Progressives, becoming the first mayor elected directly by the people of Molfetta. He is re-elected in 1998 with the support of all The Olive Tree coalition, and in that year he joined Romano Prodi's The Democrats, that later converged into Francesco Rutelli's The Daisy. During his administrative term, he laid down the conditions for the development of the industrial area of Molfetta.

After the 2005 Apulian regional elections, Minervini supported the centre-left candidate Nichi Vendola and was elected regional councilor, becoming the most voted candidate in all the province of Bari. Vendola appointed him Councilor for transparency and active citizenship, with delegations to sport and youth policies. Minervini is re-confermed regional councilor after the 2010 regional elections and this time is appointed Councilor for mobility and transports.

In his ten years as councilor he is remembered for the call for the social reuse of assets confiscated from the Mafia, the reorganization of regional offices and, above all, the Bollenti spiriti program that promoted training and the start of work for thousands of young apulians.

On 31 January 2013, Minervini revealed that during the previous year he found that he got cancer. Despite his health problems, he did not lessen his political commitment, turning his attention especially to the fight against illegal hiring. In 2014, Minervini candidates for the centre-left primaries to choose Vendola's successor as gubernatorial candidate, together with the former mayor of Bari Michele Emiliano and senator Dario Stefano: Minervini reaches the third position, behind the winner Emiliano, who is later elected governor, and Stefano.

Despite his critical attitude towards Emiliano, Minervini supported him during the 2015 regional elections and is re-elected at the regional assembly as leader of the movement Us on the Left for Apulia, becoming the group leader in the assembly.

Minervini loses his battle against cancer and died on 2 August 2016, at the age of 55.

References

Category:1961 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Democratic Party (Italy) politicians
Category:20th-century Italian politicians
Category:21st-century Italian politicians


Cerataltica

Cerataltica is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There is one described species in Cerataltica, C. insolita.

References

Further reading

External links

Category:Alticini
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot


ARPA

Arpa or ARPA may refer to:

Given name
 Arpa Ke'un (died 1336), Ilkhan during the disintegration of the Mongol state in Persia

Surname
 José Arpa (1858–1952), Spanish artist who worked in Spain, Mexico, and Texas
 Okay Arpa (born 1977), Turkish karateka
 Yvan Arpa, Swiss watch designer

Geographical names
 Areni, formerly Arpa, a village in Armenia
 Arpi, Armenia, also known as Arpa, a town in Armenia
 Arpa (river), in Armenia
 Arpa (river), Chhattisgarh in Chhattisgarh, India
 Akhurian River, Arpa in Turkish, river in Turkey and Armenia
 Arpa Darreh, a village in Iran
 Arpa Valley, a high-altitude valley in Kyrgyzstan

Music
 Arpa d'Eolo, a musical instrument
 Arpa jarocha, a Mexican harp used in conjunto jarocho music
 Rinaldo dall'Arpa (died 1603), Italian composer, singer, and harpist

Acronym
 Advanced Research Projects Agency, former name of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
 ARPA-E, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, an agency created in 2007 within the US Department of Energy
 HSARPA, the Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, an agency within the Science and Technology Directorate at the US Department of Homeland Security
 IARPA, the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, an organization within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
 .arpa (address and routing parameter area), a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet
 Aerolíneas Paraguayas, a former Paraguayan airline
 Agenzie Regionali per la Protezione Ambientale, the Italian Regional Environmental Protection Agency
 Amazon Region Protected Areas Program, an initiative to expand protection of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil
 Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, a federal law of the United States
 Automatic radar plotting aid, a capability of some marine radar systems
 Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (amended 1990)
 Average revenue per account, a metric similar to average revenue per user

Other uses
 Arpa Yeghegnadzor, an inactive Armenian football club
 Arpa şehriye, Turkish for orzo

See also
 Arpa Chai (disambiguation)


List of United States senators from Alaska

Alaska was admitted to the Union on January 3, 1959. Alaska's United States Senate seats belong to Class 2 and Class 3. The state's current senators are Republicans Lisa Murkowski (serving since 2002) and Dan Sullivan (serving since 2015). A total of eight people have represented Alaska in the U.S. Senate.

List of senators

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=5 | 1
| rowspan=5 align=left | Bob Bartlett
| rowspan=5  | Democratic
| rowspan=5 nowrap | January 3, 1959 –December 11, 1968
| Elected in 1958.
| 1
|
| rowspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 | Elected in 1958.
| rowspan=7 nowrap | January 3, 1959 –January 3, 1969
| rowspan=7  | Democratic
| rowspan=7 align=right | Ernest Gruening
! rowspan=7 |1

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1960.
| rowspan=3 | 2
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=5 | 2
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1962.Lost renomination.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| Re-elected in 1966.Died.
| rowspan=5 | 3
|

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| December 11, 1968 –December 24, 1968
|

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=23 | 2
| rowspan=23 align=left | Ted Stevens
| rowspan=23  | Republican
| rowspan=23 nowrap | December 24, 1968 –January 3, 2009
| rowspan=3 | Appointed to continue Bartlett's term.Elected in 1970 to finish Bartlett's term.

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 3
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1968.
| rowspan=6 nowrap | January 3, 1969 –January 3, 1981
| rowspan=6  | Democratic
| rowspan=6 align=right | Mike Gravel
! rowspan=6 | 2
|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1972.
| rowspan=3 | 4
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 4
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1974.Lost renomination.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1978.
| rowspan=3 | 5
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 5
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1980.
| rowspan=11 nowrap | January 3, 1981 –December 2, 2002
| rowspan=11  | Republican
| rowspan=11 align=right | Frank Murkowski
! rowspan=11 | 3

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1984.
| rowspan=3 | 6
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 6
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1986.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1990.
| rowspan=3 | 7
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 7
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1992.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1996.
| rowspan=5 | 8
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=5 | 8
| rowspan=2 | Re-elected in 1998.Resigned to become Governor of Alaska.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| December 2, 2002 –December 20, 2002
| colspan=3 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 | Appointed to finish her father's term.
| rowspan=11 nowrap | December 20, 2002 –Present
| rowspan=11  | Republican
| rowspan=11 align=right | Lisa Murkowski
! rowspan=11 | 4

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 2002.Lost re-election.
| rowspan=3 | 9
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 9
| rowspan=3 | Elected to full term in 2004.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=3 | 3
| rowspan=3 align=left | Mark Begich
| rowspan=3  | Democratic
| rowspan=3 nowrap | January 3, 2009 –January 3, 2015
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 2008.Lost re-election.
| rowspan=3 | 10
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 10
| rowspan=3 | Lost renomination, but re-elected as a write-in candidate in 2010.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=3 | 4
| rowspan=3 align=left | Dan Sullivan
| rowspan=3  | Republican
| rowspan=3 nowrap | January 3, 2015 –Present
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 2014.
| rowspan=3 | 11
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| rowspan=3 | 11
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 2016.

|- style="height:2em"
|

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 colspan=5 | To be determined in the 2020 election.
| rowspan=2 | 12
|

|- style="height:2em"
|
| 12
| colspan=5 | To be determined in the 2022 election.

Living former senators
, there are three living former senators from Alaska. The most recent to die was Ted Stevens (December 24, 1968 – January 3, 2009) on August 9, 2010, who is also the most recently serving Senator to die.

See also

 List of United States Representatives from Alaska
 United States congressional delegations from Alaska
 Alaska's at-large congressional district

External links
 Alaska Senators, Representatives on GovTrack.us

United States senators
Alaska


Dragan Dautovski Quartet

The Dragan Dautovski Quartet () is a Macedonian quartet founded in July 2000. It was formed by Dragan Dautovski and the vocalist is Aleksandra Popovska, with Ratko Dautovski on drums.

Discography
Roots and blossoms, 2000
Path of the sun, 2002
Razboj, 2008

External links
 Dragan Dautovski

Category:Macedonian musical groups
Category:Musical groups established in 2000
Category:2000 establishments in the Republic of Macedonia


Perf (Linux)

perf (sometimes called perf_events or perf tools, originally Performance Counters for Linux, PCL) is a performance analyzing tool in Linux, available from Linux kernel version 2.6.31 in 2009. Userspace controlling utility, named perf, is accessed from the command line and provides a number of subcommands; it is capable of statistical profiling of the entire system (both kernel and userland code).

It supports hardware performance counters, tracepoints, software performance counters (e.g. hrtimer), and dynamic probes (for example, kprobes or uprobes).  In 2012, two IBM engineers recognized perf (along with OProfile) as one of the two most commonly used performance counter profiling tools on Linux.

Implementation
The interface between the perf utility and the kernel consists of only one syscall and is done via a file descriptor and a mapped memory region.  Unlike LTTng or older versions of oprofile, no service daemons are needed, as most functionality is integrated into the kernel.  The perf utility dumps raw data from the mapped buffer to disk when the buffer becomes filled up.  According to R. Vitillo (LBNL), profiling performed by perf involves a very low overhead.

, architectures that provide support for hardware counters include x86, PowerPC64, UltraSPARC (III and IV), ARM (v5, v6, v7, Cortex-A8 and -A9), Alpha EV56 and SuperH.  Usage of Last Branch Records, a branch tracing implementation available in Intel CPUs since Pentium 4, is available as a patch.  Since version 3.14 of the Linux kernel mainline, released on March 31, 2014, perf also supports running average power limit (RAPL) for power consumption measurements, which is available as a feature of certain Intel CPUs.

Perf is natively supported in many popular Linux distributions, including Red Hat Enterprise Linux (since its version 6 released in 2010) and Debian in linux-tools-common package (since its Squeeze version released in 2011).

Subcommands
perf is used with several subcommands:
 stat: measure total event count for single program or for system for some time
 top: top-like dynamic view of hottest functions
 record: measure and save sampling data for single program
 report: analyze file generated by perf record; can generate flat, or graph profile.
 annotate: annotate sources or assembly
 sched: tracing/measuring of scheduler actions and latencies
 list: list available events

Criticism
The documentation of perf is not very detailed (as of 2014); for example, it does not document most events or explain their aliases (often external tools are used to get names and codes of events). Perf tools also cannot profile based on true wall-clock time.

Security
The perf subsystem of Linux kernels from 2.6.37 up to 3.8.8 and RHEL6 kernel 2.6.32 contained a security vulnerability (CVE-2013-2094), which was exploited to gain root privileges by a local user. The problem was due to an incorrect type being used (32-bit int instead of 64-bit) in the event_id verification code path.

See also
 List of performance analysis tools
 OProfile
 Performance Application Programming Interface
 Profiling (computer programming)

References

External links
 perf's wiki on kernel.org
 Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo, The New Linux ’perf’ tools, presentation from Linux Kongress, September, 2010
 Linux kernel profiling with perf tutorial
 Hardware PMU support charts - check perf_event column
 perf Examples by Brendan Gregg

Category:Linux kernel features
Category:Linux programming tools
Category:Profilers


KJIK

KJIK (100.7 FM, "Majik 100.7") is a radio station licensed to serve Duncan/Safford and Eastern Arizona, United States. The station is owned by WSK Family Credit Shelter Trust UTA. It airs a Variety music format.

The station was assigned the KJIK call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on February 6, 2003.

References

External links
KJIK official website

JIK
Category:Greenlee County, Arizona
Category:Graham County, Arizona


Pardon My Take

Pardon My Take is a comedic sports thrice-weekly podcast created by Barstool Sports. It is hosted by Dan Katz, known as "Big Cat", and PFT Commenter. The show was first released on February 29, 2016. It debuted at number one on the United States iTunes charts on March 02, 2016, and a day later at number 38 on the Canadian iTunes charts.

The podcast averages between 750 thousand and 1.5 million listeners per episode. Apple named the show one of the twelve best podcasts of 2016, and in 2017, The Big Lead ranked Big Cat and PFT Commenter as the number one sports media talents under age 40. Pardon My Take has an average iTunes rating of five stars from over 45,000 ratings. In 2018, Pardon My Take was ranked the 14th most downloaded podcast of the year on iTunes.

History
Pardon My Take was first launched in February 2016 when PFT Commenter left the sports website SB Nation to join Barstool Sports. Longtime Barstool contributor Big Cat had been regularly communicating with PFT Commenter through Twitter prior to 2016 and the two teamed up to create Pardon My Take.

Since its inception, Pardon My Take has used satire to comment on traditional sports media, particularly ESPN and some of its notable personalities. The show's name is a play on the titles of ESPN television shows Pardon the Interruption and First Take. The logo of the podcast, which took graphic elements from the two ESPN shows, prompted ESPN to send a cease-and-desist letter to Barstool Sports soon after the launch of the podcast. Barstool did change the logo.

Format
Most Pardon My Take episodes consist of three parts. The hosts open the show with a recap of current sports news. News is followed by an interview with a sports personality, celebrity, journalist, or athlete. The show is closed with a collection of recurring original segments which vary episode to episode. Occasionally, the Pardon My Take hosts will alter the show's format for special episodes, including their yearly recap show and their annual award show, the "Takies." The hosts have held video exit interviews with their guests, but these have been temporarily discontinued.  Most of the interviews throughout 2016 concluded by Big Cat asking the guest three questions—if the guest washed their apples, who the most famous person in the guest's cell phone was, and a third question tailored to each guest. This third question was often the most provocative one of the interview and began with Big Cat saying "a question I'm gonna ask, that you don't have to answer, but I'm gonna ask anyway."

References

Category:Comedy and humor podcasts
Category:Sports podcasts
Category:2016 podcast debuts


Second Cairo Conference

The Second Cairo Conference of December 4–6, 1943, held in Cairo, Egypt, addressed Turkey's possible contribution to the Allies in World War II. The meeting was attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and President İsmet İnönü of the Republic of Turkey.

Until 1941, both Roosevelt and Churchill maintained the opinion that Turkey's continuing neutrality would serve the interests of the Allies by blocking the Axis from reaching the strategic oil reserves of the Middle East. But the early victories of the Axis until the end of 1942 caused Roosevelt and Churchill to re-evaluate a possible Turkish participation in the war on the side of the Allies. Turkey had maintained a decently-sized Army and Air Force throughout the war, and especially Churchill wanted the Turks to open a new front in the Balkans. On January 30, 1943, Churchill had secretly met with İnönü inside a train wagon at the Yenice Station, 23 kilometers outside of Adana in Turkey, to discuss the issue (see the Adana Conference.)

Roosevelt, on the other hand, still believed that a Turkish attack would be too risky and an eventual Turkish failure would have disastrous effects for the Allies.

İnönü knew very well the hardships and losses of territory which his country had to suffer during 11 years of incessant war (the Italo-Turkish War, the Balkan Wars, the First World War, and the Turkish War of Independence) between 1911 and 1922, and was determined to keep Turkey out of another war as long as he could. İnönü also wanted assurances on financial and military aid for Turkey, as well as a guarantee that the United States and the United Kingdom would stand beside Turkey in case of a Soviet invasion of the Turkish Straits after the war, as Joseph Stalin had openly expressed. The fear of a Soviet invasion and Stalin's unconcealed desire to control the Turkish Straits eventually caused Turkey to give up its principle of neutrality in foreign relations and join NATO in 1952.

Perhaps the biggest reason for Turkey's hesitation to immediately join the war on the side of the Allies was the eventual reduction of the amount of financial and military aid which Churchill had promised in Adana. By December 1943 the Anglo-American authorities felt the overall situation had changed so fundamentally that a much smaller scale of assistance than that provided in the Hardihood Agreement of the spring of 1943 would be necessary. The British proposed a reduced scale of Aid Plan Saturn. The Turks, on the other hand, wished to make certain that upon their entry into the war they would be strong enough to defend their homeland and they doubted that the new plan would fully meet their security needs. Churchill, faced with Operation Overlord only six months away, reluctantly concluded that the resources demanded and the time required for strengthening Turkey could not be conceded. The U.S. Chiefs of Staff and their planners, on the other hand, felt relieved that this possible threat to concentration on Operation Overlord had at last been removed.

At the end of the conference, it was decided that Turkey's neutrality should be maintained. It was also decided to build the Incirlik Air Base near Adana for possible Allied air operations in the region, but construction works began after the end of the Second World War. Incirlik Air Base later played an important role for NATO during the Cold War. Another decision was to postpone Operation Anakim against Japan in Burma.

Both Roosevelt and İnönü got what they wanted, while Churchill was a bit disappointed, because he believed that an active Turkish participation in the war would quicken the German defeat by hitting their "soft underbelly" in the southeast.

Turkey eventually joined the war on the side of the Allies on 23 February 1945, after it was announced at the Yalta Conference that only the states which were formally at war with Germany and Japan by 1 March 1945 would be admitted to the United Nations. However, Turkey didn't directly participate in a military conflict; limiting its participation to providing materials and supplies for the Allies, and imposing political and economic sanctions on the Axis states.

Also discussed was the independence of Indochina from the French Colonial Empire, as documented briefly by the Pentagon Papers.

See also
 First Cairo Conference of November 22–26, 1943, attended by President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China.
 Adana Conference of January 30–31, 1943, attended by President İsmet İnönü of Turkey and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom.
 List of World War II conferences

References

External links
 U.S. Army: "Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943-1944" by Maurice Matloff, Chapter XVI, pp. 379-380. Center of Military History, United States Army, Washington D.C., 1990. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 53-61477. First Printed 1959-CMH Pub 1-4.

 World War II Database: Second Cairo Conference (December 4–6, 1943)
 'Keeping the Pot Boiling: British Propaganda in Neutral Turkey during the Second World War'

Category:History of the Republic of Turkey
Second Cairo Conference
Category:Diplomatic conferences in Egypt
Category:1943 conferences
Category:1943 in Egypt
Category:1943 in international relations
Category:December 1943 events
Category:İsmet İnönü
Category:Turkey–United Kingdom relations
Category:Turkey–United States relations
Category:Conferences in Cairo
Category:1940s in Cairo
Category:1943 in military history


Phoenix City Hall

Phoenix City Hall is the city hall for the City of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Located in Downtown Phoenix, the building rises 20 floors and  in height. It was designed by architectural firm Langdon Wilson. Construction began in 1992 and was completed in 1994. This building replaced the former city hall, now known as Old City Hall.  The total cost to build city hall, construct its adjacent parking garage, and renovate the Old City Hall was US$83 million.

Additionally, additional services exist in the Calvin C. Goode Municipal Building.

The Original City Hall was located at 1st Street and Washington on Block 23. This building was demolished after the construction of Old City Hall.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Phoenix

References

Category:City halls in Arizona
Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Phoenix, Arizona
Category:Government buildings completed in 1994
Category:1990s architecture in the United States
Category:1994 establishments in Arizona


Western Zambezian grasslands

The Western Zambezian grasslands is a tropical grassland ecoregion of eastern Zambia and adjacent parts of Angola.

Setting
The Western Zambezian grasslands are found in areas of sandy soil north and south of the Barotse Floodplain in eastern Zambia. They are characterized by deep, sandy, nutrient-poor soils which are waterlogged during the rainy season, and become very dry during the dry season. They are intertwined with the Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests ecoregion, which is found on similar soils at slightly higher elevations with better drainage. Surrounding ecoregions include the Zambezian flooded grasslands of the Barotse Floodplain, the Angolan Miombo woodlands to the northwest, the Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands to the northeast and east, and the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands to the east and south.

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

External links
 Western Zambezian grasslands (WWF)

Category:Afrotropic ecoregions
Category:Ecoregions of Angola
Category:Ecoregions of Zambia
Category:Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Category:Zambezian region


Hugo Felix

Hugo Felix  (19 November 1866 – 25 August 1934), born Felix Hugo Hayman, was an Austrian composer of operettas and musicals born in Budapest, Hungary.

Felix's parents were and Hungarian–Austrian merchant, Mori[t]z Hayman (died 1896) and a Slovakian–Austrian mother, Eugenie Bachrich (died 1908). He was educated in Vienna, graduated from Vienna University with a Doctorate in Science, but decided to pursue music instead of chemistry.

His first operetta was Die Kätzchen, first produced in Lemberg in 1890 and in Vienna in 1892. His other works included Husarenblut (1894, Vienna), Rhodope (1900, Vienna and Berlin), Madame Sherry (1902, Berlin – his biggest success) and The Merveilleuses (1906, London). As music director of musical director of the Carltheater in Vienna from the late 1890s to 1906, he imported several British works to Vienna, adapting both librettos and scores. He also contributed interpolated numbers to several musical comedies

Felix later went to the US where Madame Sherry met with success, in 1912, and composed several more shows. He remained in the US for the remainder of his life and died in Los Angeles, California, aged sixty-seven.

Sources
D. Taylor & R. Kerr (eds.), The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, New York (1940)

References

Category:1866 births
Category:1934 deaths
Category:Austrian male composers
Category:Austrian composers
Category:Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Category:Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery


Control-Vision

The Control-Vision (originally codenamed NEMO) is an unreleased video game console developed by Tom Zito.  It is notable for using VHS tapes rather than ROM cartridges, prompting the creation of game content which survived on into much more advanced CD-ROM platforms.

History
Originally codenamed "NEMO", initial development began in 1985 and was supported by Nolan Bushnell's company Axlon. The team, which included Apple Computer co-founder Steve Wozniak, created a prototype which used a modified ColecoVision console to combine interactive images with a video stream transmitted through a cable. As a storage medium, Nemo employed VHS tapes that contain computer data alongside a grid of multiple tracks of video and audio that could be switched between

To take the project beyond prototype status, they searched for a partner who would fund further development. The Hasbro toy company agreed to invest $7 million in exchange for the video game rights to the technology.

Three short trial games were finished by the middle of 1986: Scene of the Crime, a four-minute interactive mystery; Bottom of the Ninth Inning, a baseball game; and an interactive music video for the song "You Might Think" by The Cars. The next step was the interactive movie Night Trap. In 1987, Zito created the second full-size game named Sewer Shark, in one month's filming time and at a cost of $3 million.

After filming for Sewer Shark was completed, and two months prior to the 1989 release, Hasbro abandoned the project because the projected  price was deemed uncompetitive against the well established and much cheaper Nintendo Entertainment System. Zito purchased the rights to the games and stored everything in a Rhode Island warehouse.

Legacy
It wasn't until the early 1990s that the CD-ROM became an affordable storage medium for video game consoles, enabling full motion video (FMV) games at home. Sega was looking for content for the 1992 introduction of the Sega CD accessory. They contacted Zito, who created versions of Sewer Shark and Night Trap for Sega CD through his Digital Pictures company. Ports to other systems would follow.

Footage of a presentation of a NEMO prototype to Hasbro executives can be found in the Sega CD version of Night Trap when entering a cheat code. This footage is from December 1986, recorded in Pawtucket, Rhode Island (the hometown of Hasbro). Lawrence H. Bernstein, working for Milton Bradley Company at that time, plays Scene of the Crime, the prototype of Night Trap. A playable version of Scene of the Crime can be found in Night Trap: 25th Anniversary Edition.

See also
 Action Max, a VHS-based games system which was released
 View-Master Interactive Vision, another VHS based game system

References

Notes

External links
 VHS: The Future of Gaming at GameSpy
 YouTube video of the hidden scene in the Sega CD game Night Trap (Read 2011-10-27)

Category:Third-generation video game consoles
Category:Hasbro products
Category:Digital Pictures


NBA Live 09

NBA Live 09, sometimes called NBA Live 2009, is the 2008 installment in the NBA Live series, developed and published by Electronic Arts. The original release date was October 7, 2008. The game features Tony Parker of the San Antonio Spurs on the cover in most markets. The Wii version of the game, developed by HB Studios, is titled NBA Live 09 All-Play and launched under EA Sports' new All-Play brand exclusive to the platform. This was the final NBA Live game released for the PlayStation 2 and the Wii.

Cover
While Parker appears on the cover in the US and most international markets, some international versions feature players from those areas:
 UK and Ireland: Luol Deng
 Italy: Andrea Bargnani (also appeared on the Italian cover of NBA Live 08)
 Spain: Pau Gasol (has appeared on the Spanish cover of all versions since NBA Live 06)

Features

Dynamic DNA
Dynamic DNA is a new feature in NBA Live 09 for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii and PlayStation 2, though it is not available for the PlayStation Portable. It breaks down how a team scores, sets up offense and how individual players go about on offense. It also updates players accessories, haircuts, facial hair changes and shoes. It is updated daily through NBA Live 365. It has been claimed that this new feature adds a more realistic feel to the gameplay featured.

NBA LIVE 365
NBA Live 365 is an addition to the NBA Live franchise. An update is downloadable every three or four months, updating player trades/injured players, and is not updating rosters for the 2009-2010 season.

Live Rewind
The gamer can replay previous games with the updated statistical data that recreates identical conditions including injuries, hot/cold streaks, tendencies and player DNA. If the game player does not have internet the gamer can still play games from the playoffs of the 2007-08 season.

Pick-and-Roll Control
This new two-man game mechanic lets you control both the ball handler and the screener, as you set screens and run two man plays, with on court instructions popping up to guide you through each play.

5-on-5 Online Play
Up to 5 players on each team for each starting position are user controlled.  Club play allows your set team to play against other teams in a league type game as you gain rankings and move up divisions for each win. It is also possible to play on team play without a club.

Quickstrike Anklebreakers
A defender can be forced to step up and guess what the player will do next. Players can trigger the turbo button and use the right analog stick for ball-handling moves to fake out their defenders and create scoring opportunities.

Lockdown Defense

This feature allows a player to stay with his opponent the whole way and cause a turnover or bad shot.

Signature Play Calling
An in-game play calling system has been introduced. Linked to LIVE 365, this feature will suggest authentic plays for NBA's stars to run on the court. The gamer can bring up plays by pressing a button and tendencies of the player successfully completing that move will be displayed. The players who will be shown on the play calling menu can be changed by changing it in the options menu e.g. if the gamer has Ben Wallace doing a post-up move, it can be changed  to LeBron James doing an off-the-ball screen.

Expanded FIBA teams
There are now 24 FIBA teams compared to NBA Live 08, which only had 8. An international tournament using authentic FIBA rosters and teams is available.

Reception

The Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions received "generally favorable reviews", while the PSP, PlayStation 2 and Wii versions received "mixed" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.  In Japan, Famitsu gave the game a score of three eights and one nine for the PS3 and Xbox 360 versions; all four sevens for the PSP version; and two sevens, one six, and one seven for the PS2 version.

GameSpot nominated the game for the dubious honor of Least Improved Sequel in its 2008 video game awards (the award went to Animal Crossing: City Folk).

References

External links
 EA Sports official website
 NBA Live 09 official website
 NBA Live 09 achievements

Category:2008 video games
Category:Electronic Arts games
Category:National Basketball Association video games
Category:Xbox 360 games
Category:PlayStation 3 games
Category:PlayStation 2 games
Category:PlayStation Portable games
Category:Wii Wi-Fi games
Category:Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Category:EA Sports games
Category:Wii games
Category:Video games developed in Canada
Category:Video games set in 2008
Category:Video games set in 2009
Category:Mobile games


Scythe-Meister

The Scythe-Meister, a.k.a. The Assassin Transformed, is a fictional character created by Clive Barker for the Tortured Souls toy line. The Scythe-Meister was once a young assassin from the poorest part of Primodium. He enjoyed severely mutilating his victims before killing them. After meeting Lucidique and murdering her father, he decided to ask Agonistes to turn him into a monster. After 8 nights and days, he was resurrected as the Scythe Meister. The Scythe-Meister then proceeded to kill the current emperor of Primodium. Scythe Meister fell in love with the monster Lucidique and they became lovers. He was later killed by Venal Anatomica. He is set to appear in Tortured Souls: Animae Damnatae.

References

Category:Clive Barker characters
Category:Action figures
Category:Fictional assassins


Dair Asanov

Dair Asanovich Asanov (; 20 May 1922 – 18 September 2009) was a Kyrgyz Soviet Army major general and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Biography
Asanov was born on 30 May 1922 in the Naryn oblast of the Kyrgyz SSR. Before enlisting in the army he worked as a teacher on a collective farm. He worked as a gunner of the 1208th Fighter Artillery Regiment. In January 1942, he was awarded for his actions when his gun direct fire ignited a tank of the Germans. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 26 October 1943 for his heroic acts during World War II. After the war, Asanov graduated from the 1st Guards Ulyanovsk Tank School 1946, the Tashkent Higher Tank Command School in 1950, and the V.I. Lenin Political-Military Academy 1956. He worked as a commander commissariats in Tokmak, Chui, and the Leninsky district of the city of Frunze from 1961 to 1984. From 1985 to 1996 he was the director of the Kyrgyz State National Military Lyceum. In 1994, he retired with the rank of Major General.

He died on 18 September 2009 in Bishkek at the age of 88. At the time of his death he was the last Hero of the Soviet Union from Kyrgyzstan.

Legacy
The Kyrgyz State National Military Lyceum (which he commanded from 1985 to 1996) is named after Asanov.

Awards
Asanov received the following awards and decorations:
 Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star No. 2645)
 Order of Lenin
 Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (2)
 Order of the Red Star (2)
 Order of the Badge of Honor
 Medal for Battle Merit (3)

References

Category:1922 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Kyrgyzstani generals
Category:Soviet major generals
Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II
Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union
Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Category:People from Naryn Region
Category:Tashkent Higher Tank Command School alumni


Teisenberg

Teisenberg is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.

Category:Mountains of Bavaria
Category:One-thousanders of Germany
Category:Mountains of the Alps


Fort Mackinac

Fort Mackinac (pronounced: MACK-in-awe) is a former British and American military outpost garrisoned from the late 18th century to the late 19th century in the city of Mackinac Island, Michigan, on Mackinac Island.  The British built the fort during the American Revolutionary War to control the strategic Straits of Mackinac between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and by extension the fur trade on the Great Lakes. The British did not relinquish the fort until fifteen years after American independence.

Fort Mackinac later became the scene of two strategic battles for control of the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. During most of the 19th century, it served as an outpost of the United States Army. Closed in 1895, the fort has been adapted as a museum on the grounds of Mackinac Island State Park.

History

American Revolutionary War
Before 1763, the French used Fort Michilimackinac on the mainland south shore of the Straits of Mackinac to control the area.  After the Treaty of Paris (1763), the British occupied the French fort but considered the wooden structure too difficult to defend.  In 1780/1781, its lieutenant governor Patrick Sinclair constructed a new limestone fort on the  limestone bluffs of Mackinac Island above the Straits of Mackinac. The British held the outpost throughout the American Revolutionary War. Captain Daniel Robertson commanded the garrison on Mackinac Island from 1782 to his death in 1787. Despite the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783), the British did not officially relinquish the fort to the United States until 1796.

War of 1812
In June 1812, at the start of the War of 1812, British Major-General Isaac Brock sent a canoe party  to confirm that a state of war existed. This party returned with an order to attack Fort Mackinac, then known as Fort Michilimackinac.

A minimal United States garrison of approximately sixty men under the command of Lieutenant Porter Hanks then manned Fort Mackinac. Although a diligent officer, Hanks had received no communication from his superiors for months. On the morning of July 17, 1812, a combined British and Native American force of seventy war canoes and ten bateaux under the command of British Captain Charles Roberts attacked Fort Mackinac. Captain Roberts came from Fort St. Joseph and landed on the north end of Mackinac Island,  from the fort. The British removed the village inhabitants from their homes and trained two cannon at the fort. The Americans, under Lieutenant Hanks, were taken by surprise and Hanks perceived his garrison was badly outnumbered. The officers and men under Roberts numbered about two hundred; a few hundred Native Americans of various tribes supported him.

Fearing that the Native Americans on the British side would massacre his men and allies, Lieutenant Hanks accepted the British offer of surrender without a fight. The British paroled the American forces, essentially allowing them to go free after swearing to not take up arms in the war again. They made the island inhabitants swear an oath of allegiance as subjects of the United Kingdom.

Shortly after the British captured the fort, two American vessels arrived from Fort Dearborn (Chicago), unaware of the start of the War of 1812, or the fort's capture by British forces. The British raised the American flag and when the vessels tied up at the pier, the British captured the two sloops as prizes of war. The ships were Erie (Captain Norton) and  (Captain Lee), the latter being taken by the British into service as . The schooners Mary and Salina, anchored at port, were sent by the British to Detroit as cartels carrying the prisoners they had taken.

After capturing the island, the British under the command of Colonel Robert McDouall of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment built Fort George, a stockade and blockhouse on the highest point of the island, to prevent the Americans from re-capturing the island using the same strategy. Lieutenant Hanks made his way to Detroit and the American military post there. Upon his arrival, superiors charged him with cowardice in the surrender of Fort Mackinac. Before the court martial of Lieutenant Hanks could begin, British forces attacked Fort Detroit. A British cannonball ripped through the room where Hanks was standing, cutting him in half and killing the officer next to him as well.

United States Army Colonel George Croghan and his superior General William Henry Harrison designed a campaign to take control of the Great Lakes and sever the fur trade alliance between the British and the tribes of the region; as part of this campaign, the Americans attempted to retake Mackinac Island in July 1814. The two-pronged campaign also included an assault on Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, located on the upper Mississippi River.

Battle of Mackinac Island (1814)
On July 26, 1814, a squadron of five United States ships arrived off Mackinac Island, carrying a landing force of 700 soldiers under the command of Colonel Croghan. This landing began the Battle of Mackinac Island. To his dismay, Colonel Croghan discovered that the new British blockhouse stood too high for the naval guns to reach, forcing an unprotected assault on the wall of Fort George. The Americans shelled Fort George for two days with most shells falling harmlessly in vegetable gardens around the fort.

A dense fog forced the Americans back from Mackinac Island for a week. Major Andrew Holmes led the American forces in returning; they landed at the north end of the island near the location of the British assault in 1812. The Americans worked their way to the fort through dense woods, which Native American allies of the British protected, finally emerging into a clearing below Fort George.

Colonel McDouall had placed a small force bearing muskets, rifles, and two field guns behind low breastworks at the opposite end of the clearing.  When the Americans emerged from the woods into the clearing, the British guns targeted them easily. British forces killed 13 Americans, including Major Holmes and two other officers, and wounded 51 others.  The heavy losses compelled Colonel Croghan to order his men to retreat back through the woods to the beach.  The Americans rowed back to their ships and retreated.

The American defeat in the Battle of Mackinac Island left the island and its forts in the hands of the British through the end of the War of 1812.  Following the Treaty of Ghent, American forces reoccupied Fort Mackinac in July 1815. They renamed Fort George as Fort Holmes, in honor of Major Holmes, killed in the 1814 attack. After the War of 1812 and settlement of the northern border and tensions with Britain, Fort Mackinac gradually declined in military significance.

Later years
No longer needed as a front line border defense against the British in Canada, the fort was used as a strategic troop reserve.  The Army essentially could deploy troops to Fort Mackinac until a need arose to transfer them to other locations of military importance.  The Army nearly abandoned Fort Mackinac between such uses. It was also used as a fur trading post, as Mackinac Island was an important fur post. From 1816 to 1821 the post was commanded by Benjamin Kendrick Pierce, the older brother of President Franklin Pierce. He married the daughter of Magdelaine Laframboise, a prominent fur trader of Ojibwe and French descent.

On June 6, 1822, a fur trader named Alexis St. Martin waited to trade in his furs when a gun accidentally discharged just inches from him, blowing a hole in his abdomen.  The post surgeon, Doctor William Beaumont, attended to him. Dr. Beaumont cared for the presumably doomed St. Martin the best he could.  To his surprise, the man appeared to make a recovery.  Beaumont took St. Martin into his home, caring for him for several years.  St. Martin healed although his stomach had a hole. Beaumont seized the opportunity and began observing and conducting experiments on the man.  Through these experiments, Beaumont described the process of digestion in detail, unlocking its mysteries. Beaumont wrote a book about his experiments and later became known as "The Father of Gastric Physiology."

The fort developed as an important staging area for US exploration of the northern Michigan Territory, including the expedition in 1832 under the command of Lewis Cass to explore the headwaters of the Mississippi River. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft held the post of United States Indian agent at Fort Mackinac for a time in the 1830s. He did extensive study of the Native American languages and culture of the region, aided by his marriage to Jane Johnston, the Ojibwe-British daughter of Johnston, a wealthy British fur trader at Sault Ste. Marie. Both her parents' families were prominent among the elite of the region.

During the Mexican–American War and for long periods during the Civil War, the Army left the care and upkeep of Fort Mackinac to an ordnance sergeant. Despite these periods of relative inactivity, the fort played a small role in the Civil War, briefly used as a prison for three Confederate political prisoners.  Brought to Mackinac Island and the fort during the summer months, these three men enjoyed relative freedom, guarded only by a volunteer militia.  When faced with the prospect of enduring a long, harsh winter on the island, two of the prisoners signed loyalty oaths and obtained release.  The third Confederate refused, and the Army ultimately transferred him to another post.

Seth Eastman, an officer and artist in the United States Army, in 1872 made an oil painting of Fort Mackinac, as a commission by the US Congress of paintings of military forts. It is now part of the collection of the United States Senate. His more important work was to illustrate Henry Rowe Schoolcraft's six-volume history of the American Indians, commissioned by Congress in the 1850s.

Mackinac National Park

From 1875 to 1895, Mackinac National Park, the second national park in the United States after Yellowstone National Park, included Fort Mackinac and much of Mackinac Island.  During the national park years, the troops stationed at Mackinac acted as park rangers.  The Army tasked these men with maintaining the park, so they spent much time cutting new roads and footpaths through the park.

To improve conditions and boost morale, the Army constructed a bathhouse at the fort (in which every man at the fort was required to bathe at least once a week), a post toilet (complete with flush toilets), and a post canteen (where the men could read current magazines, play pool, and buy beer and wine). They wanted Fort Mackinac to be a "desirable station."  Soldiers also had regular military duties, drilling on the parade ground and taking target practice at least once a week on either a 600- or 1000-yard rifle range.  The skills learned at the fort later proved important for many troops who were posted at other locations in the still-dangerous American West.

Decommissioning

State administration
In 1895, Congress closed Fort Mackinac and Mackinac National Park. It transferred the fort and park to the State of Michigan, which created Mackinac Island State Park, the first state park in Michigan. The semi-autonomous Mackinac Island State Park Commission in 1895 began governing Fort Mackinac and the other surrounding historic sites on or near Mackinac Island: Colonial Michilimackinac, Historic Mill Creek, the Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse, and Mackinac Island State Park.  The Governor of Michigan appoints members of the Commission, who meet many times during the course of a year to govern Mackinac State Historic Parks.  The commission and historic parks preserve, protect, and present the rich and natural history of Mackinac Island and the Straits area.

In the 1950s, Mackinac Island State Park Commission developed a new way of financing its park, based on the system that financed the Mackinac Bridge.  Michigan financed construction of Mackinac Bridge through revenue bonds repaid from the cash flow of toll fees from the bridge after it opened in 1957.  Mackinac Island State Park Commission modified this idea for park restoration purposes, with Fort Mackinac admission fees serving as the cash flow.  More than three-fourths of budget of Mackinac Island State Park Commission now comes from admission fees and other self-generated cash flow. Most United States parks-and-recreation agencies instead depend upon public subsidies.  Mackinac Island State Park Commission operates one of the largest parks in United States that generates a significant majority of its own operating budget.

The Fort today
The current museum at the park includes 14 historic buildings.

Today, Fort Mackinac is a popular heritage tourist destination.  Situated on 150-foot bluffs above the Straits of Mackinac, it is one of the few surviving American Revolutionary War forts and one of the most complete early forts in the country. In 2015, Fort Mackinac celebrated 235 years standing guard over Mackinac Island.

During the main tourism summer months (June through August), visitors ascend into a bustle of activity within the old British-built stone walls of old Fort Mackinac after entering its weathered gates.  Costumed interpreters greet visitors, portray life in the 1880s, answer questions, pose for pictures, and lead tours throughout the day. Some of the "soldiers" carry original 45-70 Springfield Model 1873, the type used at the fort during the 1880s. Others play music or greet and mingle with the crowds of visitors.

The 1841 model six-pounder, positioned just as it would have been if used during the attack of Fort Mackinac in the War of 1812, is fired many times daily. It is the second-largest cannon regularly demonstrated on the Great Lakes.  Activities also include rifle firings, court martial re-enactments, and dances of the type done during the early days of Fort Mackinac with live musicians.

Extant buildings
There are 14 original buildings as part of the fort museum:
1. Commissary Building: Once used for food storage; today houses a video program.
2. Post Headquarters: Used for the paymaster and offices.
3. Quartermaster's Storehouse: Held any and all equipment needed by the soldiers during the Fort's history.
4. Post Bathhouse: The newest building, built in 1885, housing 6 baths for the soldiers' comfort.
5. Soldiers Barracks: Used to house the 100+ soldiers stationed there, but today houses a museum and the gift shop called the Sutler's Store.
6. Post Schoolhouse: Provided education for soldiers
7. Hill Quarters: Many lieutenants lived in these officers' quarters. Rank was rewarded.
8. Post Hospital: Where the post doctor/surgeon treated patients until a new hospital was built in 1860.
9. Officer's Stone Quarters: Michigan's oldest building (1780), used to house officers. Today holds the Kids Quarters and the Tea Room.
10. Wood Quarters: Used for various purposes over the life of the building, including officers' quarters and a post canteen that served Schlitz beer, but no whiskey.
11. Post Guardhouse: Prisoners were held on this site for over a century.
12-14: North, East, and West Blockhouses: Stone towers built by the first Americans garrisoning Fort Mackinac.

References

External links

Fort Mackinac at Mackinac Island State Historic Parks
War of 1812: The British Capture Fort Mackinac
Battle of Fort Mackinac: July 1814
Michigan Historical Markers: Historic Fort Mackinac
U.S. Senate: 1872 Seth Eastman oil painting
Brief history of British fort on Saint Josephs'Island, 45 miles from Fort Mackinac

Mackinac
Category:Mackinac Island State Park
Mackinac
Mackinac
Category:Museums in Mackinac County, Michigan
Category:Living museums in Michigan
Category:Military and war museums in Michigan
Category:Mackinac Island
Category:Michigan in the War of 1812
Mackinac
Category:1780 establishments in the British Empire
Mackinac
Category:Historic districts in Michigan
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Category:Michigan State Historic Sites
Category:Military history of Michigan
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Mackinac County, Michigan
Category:Tourist attractions in Mackinac County, Michigan

Category:American Revolution on the National Register of Historic Places


Antun Pogačnik

Antun "Toni" Pogačnik (6 January 1913 – 21 May 1978) was a Croatian footballer who played for both Yugoslavia and Croatia. He is notable for being a manager of Indonesia between 1954 and 1963 and is considered one of the best in the history of the Indonesian national football team.

Club career

Pogačnik started his football career in SAŠK Sarajevo in 1931. In 1934 he was transferred to Građanski Zagreb and then in 1938 to Concordia Zagreb where he ended his club career.

International career

Pogačnik played two matches for Yugoslavia, one against Turkey (3:1) and the other against Romania (2:1). Both matches were played in Belgrade. He also played one match for Croatia against Germany in Vienna on 15 June 1941 (1:5).

Manager career

Pogačnik led arguably the most successful Indonesian national team. Under him, Indonesia held the Soviet Union to a 0–0 draw in the 1956 Melbourne Olympics quarter final game before losing 0–4 in the replay two days later. It was a strong Soviet team captained by the great Lev Yashin which then went on to win the gold medal.

As the Dutch East Indies, Indonesia competed in the 1938 World Cup but since then has not appeared in a world tournament at a senior level. Antun Pogačnik is the only coach who has been able to take the Indonesian national team to the Olympic Games. He is remembered very fondly in Indonesian football circles.
 He later became a manager, with Metalac Zagreb, FK Partizan, Grasshopper Club Zürich.

References

External links
 Profile at Serbian federation site

Category:1913 births
Category:1978 deaths
Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Category:Croatian footballers
Category:Croatia international footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Livno
Category:Dual internationalists (football)
Category:Yugoslav footballers
Category:Yugoslavia international footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:HŠK Građanski Zagreb players
Category:HŠK Concordia players
Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
Category:Croatian football managers
Category:Yugoslav football managers
Category:FK Partizan managers
Category:Grasshopper Club Zürich managers
Category:Indonesia national football team managers
Category:Expatriate football managers in Switzerland
Category:Expatriate football managers in Indonesia
Category:Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina


A.S.D. Gragnano Calcio

Società Sportiva Calcio Gragnano is an Italian association football club based in Gragnano, Campania. The club was founded in 1965, and refounded in 1990. The official colours of Gragnano are yellow and blue, which has led to their nickname of gialloblu.

Gragnano achieved promotion by winning the play-offs of the Eccellenza 2006-07, meaning for next season the club began competing at Serie D level. After gaining promotion to Serie D, the club began groundsharing with Juve Stabia another club from the Province of Naples at the Stadio Romeo Menti, instead of playing at their Stadio San Michele in Gragnano.

Honours
Eccellenza Campania
Promoted: 2006–07

References

External links
Official website

Category:Football clubs in Campania
Category:Football clubs in Italy
Category:1965 establishments in Italy


Kabiri, Iran

Kabiri () may refer to:
 Kabiri, Kuh Panj
 Kabiri, Mashiz