Sterling Street station

Sterling Street is a station on the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located in Prospect Lefferts Gardens, Brooklyn at the intersection of Sterling Street and Nostrand Avenue, the station is served by the 2 train at all times and the 5 train on weekdays.

History

The Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The Dual Contracts promised the construction of several lines in Brooklyn. As part of Contract 4, the IRT agreed to build a subway line along Nostrand Avenue in Brooklyn. The construction of the subway along Nostrand Avenue spurred real estate development in the surrounding areas. The Nostrand Avenue Line opened on August 23, 1920, and the Sterling Street station opened along with it.

The platforms at Sterling Street were lengthened during the 1950s to  so that the platforms could accommodate 10-car trains.

Station layout
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|G
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=450 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|M
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|Mezzanine
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|Fare control, station agent, MetroCard machines
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|PPlatform level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|Side platform, doors will open on the right
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=100| Northbound
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=450| ←  toward Wakefield–241st Street,  toward Dyre Avenue (weekdays until 8:45 PM), Nereid Avenue (PM rush) ()
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=100| Southbound
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=450|→   toward Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College () →
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|Side platform, doors will open on the right
|}

The underground station has two tracks and two side platforms. The platforms have original 1920s Dual Contracts era tiling. The name tablets have "STERLING ST." in white letters on a brown background with a blue and brown border. The tile's trim line consists of light brown coloring with a border composed of a mix of dark blue and brown coloring. An intermediate line of green runs between these two borders.

The platforms are offset at the north end, where they were extended in the 1960s (completed in 1964) and tiling from that time period was installed. The name tablets here run at regular intervals and have "STERLING STREET" in white letters on a brown background. Both platforms and the mezzanine have light blue I-beam columns at regular intervals. The mezzanine walls have four different large frames of drawings and paintings. It is not known who the author or what the name of this artwork is.

This is the only other station with two side platforms on the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line that allows a free transfer between directions (besides Flatbush Avenue, which uses a U-shaped set of side platforms). All stations to the south, including Flatbush Avenue, have their fare control areas on platform level.

Exits

The station's only entrance/exit is a small mezzanine above the platforms towards the northern end. Inside fare control, it has two staircases going down to each platform, a newsstand, and a turnstile bank. Outside fare control, it has token booth and two street staircases leading up to both northern corners of Nostrand Avenue and Sterling Street.

References

External links

 nycsubway.org — Unknown Artwork at Sterling Street (unknown date)
 Station Reporter — 2 Train
 The Subway Nut — Sterling Street Pictures
 Sterling Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 Platforms from Google Maps Street View

Category:IRT Nostrand Avenue Line stations
Category:New York City Subway stations in Brooklyn
Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 1920
Category:1920 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Flatbush, Brooklyn
Category:New York City Subway stations located underground


Jasper Yeuell

Jasper Yeuell (23 March 1925 – 2003) was an English professional footballer.

After emerging from the junior ranks of West Bromwich Albion, Yeuell signed professional forms with Portsmouth in 1946. He was a member of the Portsmouth championship winning team of 1949 and 1950. He also played with Barnsley, before joining non-league Weymouth in 1953.

External links

Category:1925 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:English footballers
Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Category:Portsmouth F.C. players
Category:Barnsley F.C. players
Category:Weymouth F.C. players
Category:Association football defenders


Nordic Cup (football)

The Nordic Cup (; ) was a cup competition for club teams from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden staged on one occasion, starting in June 1959 and ending on 31 July 1962.

Summary
In December 1958, the group Stævnet proposed a cup competition for club teams from the Nordic countries at a Scandinavian football conference in Copenhagen, which was decided and 16 teams were invited. The teams responding to the invitation were IFK Norrköping, Djurgården, IFK Göteborg, GAIS, Malmö FF, Hälsingborg, and AIK from Sweden, Viking FK, Skeid, and Fredrikstad from Norway, and Vejle, KB, AB, Frem, and Skovshoved from Denmark, while the Finnish teams only wanted to join as a combination team, which initially was rejected.

Initially the final was scheduled to be played in autumn 1960, but the participating team had problems finding match days and the semi-finals were rescheduled to spring 1961.

The Nordic cup saw low attendances.

On 31 July 1962, the first edition of the cup ended with a final on Stockholm Olympic Stadium between Djurgården of Stockholm and the Helsinki-Alliance, which the Helsinki team won with 1–0 on a penalty in first half, and won the trophy donated by Scandinavian Airlines.

Teams

Results

Round of 16

Matches

Örgryte won 4–2 on aggregate.

KB won 4–3 on aggregate.

IFK Norrköping won 9–3 on aggregate.

AIK won 6–2 on aggregate.

Helsinki-Alliance won 3–2 on aggregate.

Malmö FF won 5–1 on aggregate.

Frem won 5–1 on aggregate.

Djurgården won 8–1 on aggregate.

Quarter-finals
Originally, the matches were supposed to be played before 15 November 1959.

Matches

Helsinki-Alliance won on coin flipping.

Djurgården won 2–0 on aggregate.

IFK Norrköping won 11–4 on aggregate.

Frem won 4–2 on aggregate.

Semi-finals

Matches

Djurgården won 7–3 on aggregate.

Helsinki-Alliance won 5–2 on aggregate.

Final

See also
Royal League

References

Category:Defunct international club association football competitions in Europe
Category:Sport in Scandinavia
Category:1959 in Danish football
Category:1960 in Danish football
Category:1961 in Danish football
Category:1962 in Danish football
Category:1959 in Finnish football
Category:1960 in Finnish football
Category:1961 in Finnish football
Category:1962 in Finnish football
Category:1959 in Norwegian football
Category:1960 in Norwegian football
Category:1961 in Norwegian football
Category:1962 in Norwegian football
Category:1959 in Swedish football
Category:1960 in Swedish football
Category:1961 in Swedish football
Category:1962 in Swedish football
Category:Inter-Nordic sports competitions


Combahee River Collective

The Combahee River Collective ( )) was a Black feminist lesbian organization active in Boston from 1974 to 1980. The Collective was instrumental in highlighting that both the white feminist movement and the Civil Rights movement were not addressing their particular needs as Black lesbians. The mainstream feminist movement was at large silent on issues that affected specifically Black and/or queer women, while much of the Civil Rights movement had a homophobic reputation. They are perhaps best known for developing the Combahee River Collective Statement, a key document in the history of contemporary Black feminism and the development of the concepts of identity as used among political organizers and social theorists.

National Black Feminist Organization
Author Barbara Smith and other delegates attending the first (1973) regional meeting of the National Black Feminist Organization in New York City provided the groundwork for the Combahee River Collective with their efforts to build an NBFO Chapter in Boston.

In her 2001 essay "From the Kennedy Commission to the Combahee Collective", historian and African American Studies professor Duchess Harris states that, in 1974 the Boston collective "observed that their vision for social change was more radical than the NBFO", and as a result, the group chose to strike out on their own as the Combahee River Collective. Members of the CRC, notably Barbara Smith and Demita Frazier, felt it was critical that the organization address the needs of Black lesbians, in addition to organizing on behalf of Black feminists.

Naming the collective

The Collective's name was suggested by Smith, who owned a book called: Harriet Tubman, Conductor on the Underground Railroad by Earl Conrad. She "wanted to name the collective after a historical event that was meaningful to African American women." Smith noted: "It was a way of talking about ourselves being on a continuum of Black struggle, of Black women's struggle." The name commemorated an action at the Combahee River planned and led by Harriet Tubman on June 2, 1863, in the Port Royal region of South Carolina. The action freed more than 750 slaves and is the only military campaign in American history planned and led by a woman.

Developing the Statement
The Combahee River Collective Statement was developed by a "collective of Black feminists [...] involved in the process of defining and clarifying our politics, while...doing political work within our own group and in coalition with other progressive organizations and movements...."

Members of the collective describe having a feeling of creating something which had not existed previously. Demita Frazier described the CRC's beginnings as "not a mix cake", meaning that the women involved had to create the meaning and purpose of the group "from scratch." In her 1995 essay "Doing it from Scratch: The Challenge of Black Lesbian Organizing", which borrows its title from Frazier's statement, Barbara Smith describes the early activities of the collective as "consciousness raising and political work on a multitude of issues", along with the building of "friendship networks, community and a rich Black women's culture where none had existed before."

Process of writing the Statement
Throughout the mid-1970s members of the Combahee River Collective met weekly at the Women's Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The Collective held retreats throughout the Northeast between 1977 and 1979 to discuss issues of concern to Black feminists. Author Alexis De Veaux, biographer of poet Audre Lorde, describes a goal of the retreats as to "institutionalize Black feminism" and develop "an ideological separation from white feminism", as well as to discuss "the limitations of white feminists' fixation 'on the primacy of gender as an oppression.'"

The first "Black feminist retreat" was held July 1977 in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Its purpose was to assess the state of the movement, to share information about the participants' political work, and to talk about possibilities and issues for organizing Black women." "Twenty Black feminists ...were invited (and) were asked to bring copies of any written materials relevant to Black feminism—articles, pamphlets, papers, their own creative work – to share with the group. Frazier, Smith, and Smith, who organized the retreats, hoped that they would foster political stimulation and spiritual rejuvenation."

The second retreat was held in November 1977 in Franklin Township, New Jersey, and the third and fourth were scheduled for March and July 1978. "After these retreats occurred, the participants were encouraged to write articles for the Third World women's issue of Conditions, a journal edited by Lorraine Bethel and Barbara Smith." The importance of publishing was also emphasized in the fifth retreat, held July 1979, and the collective discussed contributing articles for a lesbian herstory issue of two journals, Heresies and Frontiers.

"Participants at the sixth retreat [...] discussed articles in the May/June 1979 issue of The Black Scholar collectively titled, The Black Sexism Debate. [....] They also discussed the importance of writing to Essence to support an article in the September 1979 issue entitled I am a Lesbian, by Chirlane McCray, who was a Combahee member. [...] The seventh retreat was held in Washington, D.C., in Feb. 1980."

The final Statement was based on this collective discussion, and drafted by African-American activists Barbara Smith, Demita Frazier and Beverly Smith.

Political, social and cultural impact of the Statement
The Combahee River Collective Statement is referred to as "among the most compelling documents produced by Black feminists", and Harriet Sigerman, author of The Columbia Documentary History of American Women Since 1941 calls the solutions which the statement proposes to societal problems such as racial and sexual discrimination, homophobia and classist politics "multifaceted and interconnected."

In their Encyclopedia of Government and Politics, M. E. Hawkesworth and Maurice Kogan refer to the CRCS as "what is often seen as the definitive statement regarding the importance of identity politics, particularly for people whose identity is marked by multiple interlocking oppressions".

Smith and the Combahee River Collective have been credited with coining the term identity politics, which they defined as "a politics that grew out of our objective material experiences as Black women." In her essay "From the Kennedy Commission to the Combahee Collective: Black Feminist Organizing, 1960–1980", Duchess Harris credits the "polyvocal political expressions of the Black feminists in the Combahee River Collective (with) defin(ing) the nature of identity politics in the 1980s and 1990s, and challeng(ing) earlier 'essentialist' appeals and doctrines..."

The Collective developed a multidimensional analysis recognizing a "simultaneity of oppressions"; refusing to rank oppressions based on race, class and gender. According to author and academic Angela Davis, this analysis drew on earlier Black Marxist and Black Nationalist movements, and was anti-racist and anti-capitalist in nature.

In Roderick Ferguson's book Aberrations in Black, the Combahee River Collective Statement is cited as "rearticulating coalition to address gender, racial, and sexual dominance as part of capitalist expansion globally." Ferguson uses the articulation of simultaneity of oppressions to describe coalition building that exists outside of the organizations of the nation-state.

Combahee River Collective Statement
The Combahee River Collective Statement was separated into four separate chapters: The Genesis of Contemporary Black Feminism; What We Believe; Problems in Organizing Black Feminist; and Black Feminist Issues and Projects.

Gerals Izenberg credits the 1977 Combahee statement with the first usage of the phrase "identity politics".

Genesis of Contemporary Black Feminism

The Genesis of Contemporary Black Feminism, as submitted by the Combahee River Collective, was, in their view, rooted in the interlocking oppressions they endured. As Black women, the Collective argued that they experience oppression based on race, gender, and class. Further, because many of the women were lesbians, they also acknowledged oppression based on sexuality as well. The Collective states its basis and active goals as "committed to struggling against racial, sexual, heterosexual and class oppression" and describe their particular task as the "development of integrated analysis and practice based upon the fact that the major systems of oppression are interlocking. The synthesis of these oppressions creates the conditions of our lives."

Importance of Black women's liberation
The CRC also emphasized that they held the fundamental and shared belief that "Black women are inherently valuable, that...(their) liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else's but because of (their own) need as human persons for autonomy...." and expressed a particularly commitment to "working on those struggles in which race, sex, and class are simultaneous factors in oppression...."

What We (CRC) Believe

The Importance of Black feminism
The group saw "Black feminism as the logical political movement to combat the manifold and simultaneous oppressions that all women of color face...." and believed that "the most profound and potentially most radical politics come directly out of our own identity."

The statement describes "Contemporary Black feminism (as) the outgrowth of countless generations of personal sacrifice, militancy, and work by our mothers and sisters" such as Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Frances E. W. Harper, Ida B. Wells Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell, (as well as thousands upon thousands of unknown women)." The work of these women has been obscured "by outside reactionary forces and racism and elitism within the (feminist) movement."

Problems in organizing Black feminists
Issues surrounding organizing around Black feminism are rooted in the lack of power and privilege Black women have. CRC noted that they don't have the privilege of their white heterosexual male and female counterparts. For them, this presented a clear impediment.

Beyond what they saw as their lack of privilege of marginalized people, CRC believed they were more at stake organizing for their freedom. The collective theorized that the "liberation of all oppressed peoples necessitates the destruction of the political and economic systems of Capitalism and Imperialism as well as Patriarchy." Meaning that,"If Black women were free, it would mean that everyone else would have to be free, since our freedom would necessitate the destruction of all systems of oppression."

The Combahee Statement also notes that, "Feminism is [...] very threatening to the majority of Black people because it calls into question some of the most basic assumptions about our existence, i.e., that sex should be a determinant of power relationships. [...] The material conditions of most Black people would hardly lead them to upset both economic and sexual arrangements that seem to represent some stability in their lives. Many Black women have a good understanding of both sexism and racism in their lives, but because of the everyday constrictions on their lives cannot risk struggling against them both."

Black Feminist Projects and Issues
In this final section of the CRC statement, they argued that Black feminism should not only address their concerns as Black women, but should also address policy issues in the lives of other women, the Third World, and working people. They state, " We are particularly committed to working on those struggles  in which race, sex, and class are simultaneous factors in oppression." This type of politic might include organizing around inadequate hospital care in Third World communities, or even for a rape crisis center in Black communities.

The Combahee Collective also expressed a concern and a desire to publicly address issues of racism in the white women's movement. The Statement is clear that: "Eliminating racism in the white women's movement is by definition work for white women to do, but we will continue to speak out and to demand accountability on this issue."

Other political work
In the encyclopedia Lesbian Histories and Cultures, contributing editor Jaime M. Grant contextualizes the CRC's work in the political trends of the time.

The collective came together at a time when many of its members were struggling to define a liberating feminist practice alongside the ascendence of a predominantly white feminist movement, and a Black nationalist vision of women deferring to Black male leadership.

Grant believes the CRC was most important in the "emergence of coalition politics in the late 1970s and early 1980s [...] which demonstrated the key roles that progressive feminists of color can play" in bridging gaps "between diverse constituencies, while also creating new possibilities for change within deeply divided communities..." She notes that, in addition to penning the statement, "collective members were active in the struggle for desegregation of the Boston public schools, in community campaigns against police brutality in Black neighborhoods and on picket lines demanding construction jobs for Black workers."

The collective was also politically active around issues of violence against women, in particular the murder of twelve Black women and one white woman in Boston in 1979. According to Becky Thompson, associate professor at Simmons University in Boston and author of A Promise and a Way of Life: White Antiracist Activism, the Boston Police Department and the media "attempted to dismiss the murders [...] based on the notion that (the women) were alleged to be prostitutes and therefore not worthy of protection or investigation."

In a 1979 journal entry, Barbara Smith wrote:

That winter and spring were a time of great demoralization, anger, sadness and fear for many Black women in Boston, including myself. It was also for me a time of some of the most intensive and meaningful political organizing I have ever done. The Black feminist political analysis and practice the Combahee River Collective had developed since 1974 enabled us to grasp both the sexual-political and racial-political implications of the murders and positioned us to be the link between the various communities that were outraged: Black people, especially Black women; other women of color; and white feminists, many of whom were also lesbians.

Smith developed these ideas into a pamphlet on the topic, articulating the need "to look at these murders as both racist and sexist crimes" and emphasizing the need to "talk about violence against women in the Black community."

In a 1994 interview with Susan Goodwillie, Smith noted that this action moved the group out into the wider Boston community. She commented that "the pamphlet had the statement, the analysis, the political analysis, and it said that it had been prepared by the Combahee River Collective.  That was a big risk for us, a big leap to identify ourselves in something that we knew was going to be widely distributed."

Historian Duchess Harris believes that "the Collective was most cohesive and active when the murders in Boston were occurring.  Having an event to respond to and to collectively organize around gave them a cause to focus on..."

Endings
The Collective held their last network retreat in February 1980, and disbanded some time that year.

Collective members and participants
The Combahee Collective was large and fluid throughout its history. Collective members and contributors include:

Cessie Alfonso
Cheryl Clarke
Demita Frazier
Gloria Akasha Hull
Eleanor Johnson
Audre Lorde
Chirlane McCray
Margo Okazawa-Rey
Sharon Page Ritchie
Barbara Smith
Beverly Smith
Helen L. Stewart

See also
 Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press
 African-American literature
 Critical social theory
 Identity politics
 Intersectionality
 Lesbian feminism
Black Lesbian Literature
 Strategic essentialism
 Womanism

Further reading

Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta (Ed.) (2017), How We Get Free: Black Feminism and the Combahee River Collective, Haymarket Books,

References

External links

The Combahee River Collective Statement

Category:1970s in LGBT history
Category:1974 establishments in Massachusetts
Category:Post–Civil Rights Era African-American history
Category:African-American women's organizations
Category:Anti-racist organizations in the United States
Category:African-American feminism
Category:Defunct LGBT organizations in the United States
Category:Feminist collectives
Category:History of women in Massachusetts
Category:Intersectional feminism
Category:Lesbian feminist organizations
Category:Lesbian history in the United States
Category:Lesbian organizations in the United States
Category:LGBT socialism
Category:Defunct African-American LGBT organizations
Category:LGBT in Massachusetts
Category:LGBT-related media in the United States
Category:Organizations established in 1974
Category:Organizations disestablished in 1980
Category:1980 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Category:LGBT culture in Boston
Category:Socialist feminist organizations


Klokotnica (Doboj Istok)

Klokotnica (Cyrillic: Клокотница) is a town in the municipality of Doboj Istok, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Klokotnica is administrative centre of Doboj Istok.

References

Category:Populated places in Doboj Istok


Aspiolucius esocinus

Aspiolucius esocinus or the pike asp is a species of cyprinid fish native to rivers (Amu Darya and Syr Darya) and occasionally lakes in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This species can reach a length of  TL.

References

Category:Cyprinid fish of Asia
Category:Fish of Kazakhstan
Category:Fauna of Tajikistan
Category:Fish of Turkmenistan
Category:Fish of Uzbekistan
Category:Fish described in 1874
Category:Taxa named by Karl Kessler
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Miles Davis discography

This is an incomplete list, which will never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness as it excludes bootlegs, mix tapes and other minor records by independent labels and unofficial sources.

Miles Davis was an American trumpeter, bandleader and musical composer. His major (without bootlegs, etc.) discography consists of at least 51 studio albums, 36 live albums, 35 compilation albums, 17 box sets, 4 soundtrack albums, 57 singles and 3 remix albums.

Davis' initial appearances on record were mainly as a member of bebop saxophonist Charlie Parker's quintet from 1944 through 1947 and released on the Savoy label. Davis made his debut as a leader in the 1947 sessions featuring Parker, pianist John Lewis, bassist Nelson Boyd and drummer Max Roach. Prestige Records released Davis' major debut album The New Sounds in 1951. He recorded many studio albums under that record label from 1951 through 1956, as well as Blue Moods, issued by Debut Records in 1955, and three sessions for Blue Note Records. The earliest Davis music released was recorded from April 4, 1945 through August 14, 1947, and reissued in CD format by Savoy Records under the title First Miles.
From 1949 through 1950, Davis recorded twelve tunes with a nonet consisting of other noted jazz musicians including arranger Gil Evans, Gerry Mulligan, Lee Konitz, John Lewis, Max Roach and Kenny Clarke. The arrangements for that group were scored for instruments rarely used in jazz such as French horn and tuba. These recordings, which were labeled cool jazz and eventually appeared on the album Birth of the Cool in 1957 by Capitol Records, marked an important influence on the future jazz. He later signed to Columbia and released 'Round About Midnight on March 18, 1957. His acclaimed 1959 album Kind of Blue is generally stated to be the best-selling jazz album of all time, although the data are not conclusive. The follow-up album in 1960, Sketches of Spain, went gold.

He formed his Second Great Quintet in 1964. With the release of Miles in the Sky, Davis permanently abandoned hard bop, instead adopting jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz. In this era he released the studio album Bitches Brew, which was certified platinum, culminating in the long electric jams from the mid-1970s released as Pangaea, Agharta, and Dark Magus. After a six-year retirement, Davis released albums under the Columbia and Warner Bros. labels during the period between 1981 and 1991. These recordings combined jazz with popular music genres as he turned more toward the mainstream. He finished his music career with Doo-Bop, in which he experimentally combined jazz with hip-hop, although his 1972 album On the Corner contained beats that would later be sampled for hip-hop.

Albums

Studio albums

Prestige/Blue Note/Debut, 1951–1961

Columbia, 1955–1972

A  the September 30, 2008 re-release Kind of Blue – 50th Anniversary Collection reached number 92 in the Belgian albums chart in 2009.
B  1987 reissue

Columbia/Warner Bros., 1981–1991

Live albums

Compilations and remixes

Soundtracks

Box sets

Compilation box sets

Limited edition box set

Live box sets

The Bootleg Series box sets

Singles

Albums recorded as sideman

Videography

Video albums

References

External links

Japanese chart history at Oricon
Miles Davis collector site
"Miles Davis Collector's Guides & Discographies"
Miles Davis at Music Box
78rpm vinyl records collection

Category:Jazz discographies
Discography
Category:Discographies of American artists


1980 in Australian literature

This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1980.

Events

The Australian/Vogel Literary Award: Inaugural award to Archie Weller, The Day Of The Dog; the award was initially given to Paul Radley, who, in 1996, admitted that his manuscript was actually written by his uncle.
 Jessica Anderson won the 1980 Miles Franklin Award for The Impersonators

Major publications

Books
 Jessica Anderson – The Impersonators
 Peter Corris – The Dying Trade
 Shirley Hazzard – The Transit of Venus
 Elizabeth Jolley – Palomino

Short story collections
 Helen Garner – Honour & Other People's Children

Children's and Young Adult fiction
 Mavis Thorpe Clark – A Stranger Came to the Mine
 Robert Ingpen — The Voyage of the Poppykettle
 Ruth Park — Playing Beatie Bow

Poetry
 Judith Rodriguez – Mudcrab at Gambaro's
 Philip Salom – The Silent Piano
 Chris Wallace-Crabbe, editor, The Golden Apples of the Sun: Twentieth Century Australian Poetry (anthology)

Drama
 Louis Nowra – Beauty and the Beast
 Steve J. Spears – The Time of the Bodgie
 David Williamson – Celluloid Heroes

Non-fiction
 Robyn Davidson – Tracks
 Clive James – Unreliable Memoirs

Awards and honours

 Kylie Tennant – Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)
 Max Fatchen – Member of the Order of Australia (AM)
 Marjorie Barnard – Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)
 Patsy Adam-Smith – Officer of the British Empire (OBE)

Lifetime achievement

Literary

Children and Young Adult

Poetry

Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1980 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.

 7 July – Brooke Davis, novelist

Unknown date
 Elizabeth Campbell, poet
 Ceridwen Dovey, novelist

Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1980 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.

 2 September – Frederick Macartney, poet and critic (born 1887)
 3 February – Marnie Bassett, historian and biographer (born 1889)

See also
 1980 in Australia
 1980 in literature
 1980 in poetry
 List of years in literature
 List of years in Australian literature

References

Australia
Category:Years of the 20th century in Australia
Category:Australian literature by year
Category:Years of the 20th century in literature
Category:20th-century Australian literature


MYL

MYL could refer to:

 Maryland railway station, England; National Rail station code MYL.
 McCall Municipal Airport, Valley County, Idaho, United States; IATA airport code MYL.
 Mind Your Language, a 1970s and 1980s British television series
 Music of Your Life
 Muslim Youth League, a branch of Minhaj-ul-Quran
 Mylan Laboratories Inc.; New York Stock Exchange symbol MYL.
+ text shorthand for "i'm Your Love"


Blandine N'Goran

Blandine N'Goran (born May 4, 1987) is a Ivorian female professional basketball player.

External links
Profile at fiba.com
Profile at University of Arkansas

Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Abidjan
Category:Ivorian women's basketball players


Myers Corner, New York

Myers Corner is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 6,790 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Myers Corner is in the town of Wappinger on County Route 93 and County Route 94. Myers Corners School is also located here.

Geography
Myers Corner is located in the eastern part of the town of Wappinger at  (41.592776, -73.872365). It is bordered on its farthest western extent by the village of Wappingers Falls and to the east by Sprout Creek, which forms the border with the town of East Fishkill. Myers Corner is  south of the city of Poughkeepsie and  northeast of the city of Beacon.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Myers Corner CDP has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 0.76%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,546 people, 1,808 households, and 1,583 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,301.3 per square mile (502.7/km²). There were 1,852 housing units at an average density of 434.5/sq mi (167.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.57% White, 4.31% African American, 0.22% Native American, 5.46% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.48% from other races, and 1.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.31% of the population.

There were 1,808 households out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.8% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.4% were non-families. 9.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the CDP, the population was spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $76,142, and the median income for a family was $81,894. Males had a median income of $61,856 versus $32,169 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,114. About 1.7% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

References

Category:Census-designated places in New York (state)
Category:Hamlets in New York (state)
Category:Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown metropolitan area
Category:Census-designated places in Dutchess County, New York
Category:Wappinger, New York
Category:Hamlets in Dutchess County, New York


Augmented Backus–Naur form

In computer science, augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) is a metalanguage based on Backus–Naur form (BNF), but consisting of its own syntax and derivation rules. The motive principle for ABNF is to describe a formal system of a language to be used as a bidirectional communications protocol. It is defined by Internet Standard 68 ("STD 68", type case sic), which  is , and it often serves as the definition language for IETF communication protocols.

 supersedes  (which superseded  and ). RFC 7405 updates it, adding a syntax for specifying case-sensitive string literals.

Introduction

An ABNF specification is a set of derivation rules, written as

 rule = definition ; comment CR LF

where rule is a case-insensitive nonterminal, the definition consists of sequences of symbols that define the rule, a comment for documentation, and ending with a carriage return and line feed.

Rule names are case-insensitive: <rulename>, <Rulename>, <RULENAME>, and <rUlENamE> all refer to the same rule. Rule names consist of a letter followed by letters, numbers, and hyphens.

Angle brackets (<, >) are not required around rule names (as they are in BNF). However, they may be used to delimit a rule name when used in prose to discern a rule name.

Terminal values

Terminals are specified by one or more numeric characters.

Numeric characters may be specified as the percent sign %, followed by the base (b = binary, d = decimal, and x = hexadecimal), followed by the value, or concatenation of values (indicated by .). For example, a carriage return is specified by %d13 in decimal or %x0D in hexadecimal. A carriage return followed by a line feed may be specified with concatenation as %d13.10.

Literal text is specified through the use of a string enclosed in quotation marks ("). These strings are case-insensitive, and the character set used is (US-)ASCII. Therefore, the string "abc" will match “abc”, “Abc”, “aBc”, “abC”, “ABc”, “AbC”, “aBC”, and “ABC”. RFC 7405 added a syntax for case-sensitive strings: %s"aBc" will only match "aBc". Prior to that, a case-sensitive string could only be specified by listing the individual characters: to match “aBc”, the definition would be %d97.66.99. A string can also be explicitly specified as case-insensitive with a %i prefix.

Operators

White space
White space is used to separate elements of a definition; for space to be recognized as a delimiter, it must be explicitly included. The explicit reference for a single whitespace character is WSP (linear white space), and LWSP is for zero or more whitespace characters with newlines permitted. The LWSP definition in RFC5234 is controversial because at least one whitespace character is needed to form a delimiter between two fields.

Definitions are left-aligned. When multiple lines are required (for readability), continuation lines are indented by whitespace.

Comment
; comment

A semicolon (;) starts a comment that continues to the end of the line.

Concatenation
Rule1 Rule2

A rule may be defined by listing a sequence of rule names.

To match the string “aba”, the following rules could be used:

Alternative
Rule1 / Rule2

A rule may be defined by a list of alternative rules separated by a solidus (/).

To accept the rule fu or the rule bar, the following rule could be constructed:

Incremental alternatives
Rule1 =/ Rule2

Additional alternatives may be added to a rule through the use of =/ between the rule name and the definition.

The rule

is equivalent to

Value range
%c##-##

A range of numeric values may be specified through the use of a hyphen (-).

The rule

is equivalent to

Sequence group
(Rule1 Rule2)

Elements may be placed in parentheses to group rules in a definition.

To match “elem fubar snafu” or “elem tarfu snafu”, the following rule could be constructed:

To match “elem fubar” or “tarfu snafu”, the following rules could be constructed:

Variable repetition
n*nRule

To indicate repetition of an element, the form *element is used. The optional  gives the minimal number of elements to be included (with the default of 0). The optional  gives the maximal number of elements to be included (with the default of infinity).

Use *element for zero or more elements, *1element for zero or one element, 1*element for one or more elements, and 2*3element for two or three elements, cf. regular expressions e*, e?, e+ and e{2,3}.

Specific repetition
nRule

To indicate an explicit number of elements, the form element is used and is equivalent to *element.

Use 2DIGIT to get two numeric digits, and 3DIGIT to get three numeric digits. (DIGIT is defined below under "Core rules". Also see zip-code in the example below.)

Optional sequence
[Rule]

To indicate an optional element, the following constructions are equivalent:

Operator precedence
The following operators have the given precedence from tightest binding to loosest binding:
Strings, names formation
Comment
Value range
Repetition
Grouping, optional
Concatenation
Alternative

Use of the alternative operator with concatenation may be confusing, and it is recommended that grouping be used to make explicit concatenation groups.

Core rules
The core rules are defined in the ABNF standard.

Example
The postal address example given in the augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) page may be specified as follows:
postal-address   = name-part street zip-part

name-part        = *(personal-part SP) last-name [SP suffix] CRLF
name-part        =/ personal-part CRLF

personal-part    = first-name / (initial ".")
first-name       = *ALPHA
initial          = ALPHA
last-name        = *ALPHA
suffix           = ("Jr." / "Sr." / 1*("I" / "V" / "X"))

street           = [apt SP] house-num SP street-name CRLF
apt              = 1*4DIGIT
house-num        = 1*8(DIGIT / ALPHA)
street-name      = 1*VCHAR

zip-part         = town-name "," SP state 1*2SP zip-code CRLF
town-name        = 1*(ALPHA / SP)
state            = 2ALPHA
zip-code         = 5DIGIT ["-" 4DIGIT]

Pitfalls

RFC 5234 adds a warning in conjunction to the definition of LWSP as follows:

See also

References

Category:Formal languages
Category:Metalanguages


The Trespasser (novel)

The Trespasser is a 1912 novel by D. H. Lawrence. Originally it was entitled the Saga of Siegmund and drew upon the experiences of a friend of Lawrence, Helen Corke, and her adulterous relationship with a married man that ended with his suicide.  Lawrence worked from Corke's diary, with her permission, but also urged her to publish; which she did in 1933 as Neutral Ground.

Reception
The biographer Brenda Maddox writes in D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage (1994) that The Trespasser was reviewed by the translator Constance Garnett, who found its last fifty pages comparable in quality to the work of "the best Russian school."

Standard edition
 The Trespasser (1912), edited by Elizabeth Mansfield, Cambridge University Press,1981,

References

External links

Category:Novels by D. H. Lawrence
Category:Novels set on islands
Category:1912 British novels
Category:Gerald Duckworth and Company books


1959 12 Hours of Sebring

The 1959 12-Hour Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance for the Amoco Trophy took place on 21 March, on the Sebring International Raceway, (Florida, United States).  It was the opening round of the 1959 World Sportscar Championship. This was eighth running of the 12-hour race.

Report

Entry

A massive total of 81 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 74 arrived for practice. Only these, 65 qualified for, and started the race. Reigning champions, Ferrari had eight of their new 250 TRs in Florida, of which three were works machines (1959 model) for  their squad of drivers; Phil Hill, Dan Gurney, Chuck Daigh, Olivier Gendebien, Jean Behra and Cliff Allison. Their main opposition would come from a single works Aston Martin.

David Brown sent just one Aston Martin DBR1/300 over from England for Carroll Shelby and Roy Salvadori. Also on the entry list were some quick looking Lister-Jaguar entered by Briggs Cunningham with himself, Walt Hansgen and Stirling Moss amongst their squad. The work outfit also brought a car for Moss and paired him with Ivor Bueb.

Qualifying

Because there were no qualifying sessions to set the grid, the starting positions were decided according to engine size with the 3.0 litre Aston Martin DBR1 of Shelby and Salvadori being given first place.

Race

Most of the 40,000 spectators expected a battle for sole Aston Martin and the Ferrari. Although early on, there was a great scrap, the Aston retired after just 32 laps with gear lever problems. This meant it really was a Ferrari battle at the front of the field for almost all the race. The official result lists the winner as the no. 7 Ferrari of Gurney, Daigh, Hill and Gendebien, but that's not the whole story.

For the opening four and half hours, the Ferrari of Hill and Gendebien led until suffering from a broken differential. That put the Gurney/Daigh car in front. Behra/Allison were in second, followed by Moss/Bueb. And then the heavy rain arrived and the race became intriguing. With cars sliding off all over the place, one of the most dramatic accidents come just after the six-hour mark when Robert Rollason’s Stanguellini 750 Sport collided with a pole that supported a bridge. The car hit the pole while sideways throwing it up into the air before splitting in half, and ending up on its roof. It required a number of track marshals to flip it back onto its wheels, so that Rollason could escape uninjured.

The conditions made it difficult for even the very best to keep their cars under control. The works Lister-Jaguar with Moss behind the wheel, despite struggling for most of the race, came alive and moved up through the field passing both the Ferraris. After five hours, Moss led Behra and by now the little Porsche of Wolfgang von Trips and Jo Bonnier had moved into third. At this time, Scuderia Ferrari decided to call on the experience of Hill and Gendebien and added them the Gurney/Daigh car. Although the fans were not happy, this was a team event and Ferrari wanted to win. Then Moss was disqualified for illegal refuelling.

With the better drivers now driving the no.7, Hill passed Behra for the lead and the car held on to first place until the flag dropped. After 12 hours of racing, the Scuderia Ferrari of Gurney, Daigh, Hill and Gendebien won ahead of their team-mates Behra and Allison. Car number 7, took an impressive victory, completing 188 laps, covering 977.6 miles after 12 hours of racing, averaging a speed of 81.181mph. Second place went to the second Ferrari, albeit one lap adrift. The podium was complete by works Porsche of von Trips and Bonnier who were four laps behind the winners.

Official Classification

Class Winners are in Bold text.

 Fastest Lap: Jean Behra, 3:21.6secs (92.857 mph)

Class Winners

Standings after the race

Note: Only the top five positions are included in this set of standings.

Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.

References

Further reading

Alec Ulmann. The Sebring Story. Chilton Book Company. ASIN B0006CUAP2.

Category:World Sportscar Championship
Category:12 Hours of Sebring
Sebring
Sebring
Sebring


1998 Royal Bank Cup

The 1998 Royal Bank Cup is the 28th Junior "A" 1998 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Royal Bank Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Fred Page Cup and a host city.

The tournament was hosted by the Nanaimo Clippers and Nanaimo, British Columbia.

The Playoffs

Round Robin

Note: x- denotes teams who have advanced to the semi-final.

Results
Nanaimo Clippers defeat Milton Merchants 6–2
South Surrey Eagles defeat Weyburn Red Wings 6–2 for the Abbott Cup
Nanaimo Clippers defeat Brockville Braves 4–3 in Overtime
Weyburn Red Wings defeat Brockville Braves 5–1
South Surrey Eagles defeat Milton Merchants 3–0
Milton Merchants defeat Brockville Braves 5–2
Weyburn Red Wings defeat Milton Merchants 6–2
South Surrey Eagles defeat Nanaimo Clippers 4–0
South Surrey Eagles defeat Brockville Braves 9–2
Nanaimo Clippers defeat Weyburn Red Wings 5–2

Semi and Finals

Awards
Most Valuable Player: Peter Wishloff (South Surrey Eagles)
Top Scorer: Kris Wilson (South Surrey Eagles)
Most Sportsmanlike Player: Kirk Feasey (Weyburn Red Wings)
Top Goalie: Peter Wishloff (South Surrey Eagles)
Top forward: Kris Wilson (South Surrey Eagles)
Top Defenceman: Robin Sochan (Nanaimo Clippers)

Roll of League Champions
AJHL: St. Albert Saints
BCHL: South Surrey Eagles
CJHL: Brockville Braves
MJHL: Winkler Flyers
MJAHL: Restigouche River Rats
MetJHL: Wexford Raiders
NOJHL: Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats
OPJHL: Milton Merchants
QJAAAHL: Coaticook Frontaliers
RMJHL: Cranbrook Colts
SJHL: Weyburn Red Wings

Related links
Canadian Junior A Hockey League
Royal Bank Cup
Anavet Cup
Doyle Cup
Dudley Hewitt Cup
Fred Page Cup
Abbott Cup
Mowat Cup

External links
Royal Bank Cup Website

1998
Royal Bank Cup
Royal Bank Cup


Reavis High School

Reavis High School is a public high school located in Burbank, Illinois. It is named for Dr. William Claude Reavis (1881–1955), a professor at the University of Chicago who played a major role in guaranteeing its completion.

Reavis is the only school in Cook County High School District 220, making the school and the district one and the same.

Academics
In 2010, Reavis had an average composite ACT score of 19.5 and graduated 96.3% of its senior class.  The average class size is 20.4.  Reavis has not made Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) on the Prairie State Achievement Examination, which the state of Illinois uses to assess schools as is mandated in the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

Athletics and activities
Reavis competes in the South Suburban Conference, which was formed in 2006.  Prior to this, the school was a part of the South Inter-Conference Association (SICA).  Reavis is a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA), which governs most sports and competitive activities in the state.

The following Reavis teams won their respective state championship tournaments sponsored by the IHSA:
 Football: 1982-83
 Wrestling: 1960-61, 1961–62, 1964–65
 Drama (Contest Play): 2006–07, 2010–11
 Drama (Group Interpretation) 2012-13, 2016

Reavis High School was the site for all of the wrestling matches at the 1959 Pan American Games.

Notable alumni
 Lance Dreher (Class of 1973), two-time Mr. Universe and former Mr. America.
 Drew Fortier (Class of 2005), musician, songwriter, filmmaker, actor, and author.
 Ray Hanania (Class of 1971), journalist and comedian.
 James Chico Hernandez (Class of 1972), World Cup Silver, 3-time British silver medalist in Sombo wrestling and Wheaties fame.
 Tom Lemming, college football recruiting analyst.
 Bobby Madritsch (Class of 1995), former Major League Baseball pitcher (2004–05), playing for the Seattle Mariners.
 Willy Roy (Class of 1961), former soccer coach and member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

References

http://www.reavisd220.org/aboutus/boardofeducation

External links
 Official site
 IHSA: Annual athletic records

Category:Public high schools in Cook County, Illinois
Category:Burbank, Illinois
Category:Educational institutions established in 1950
Category:1950 establishments in Illinois


Southern Football League (Scotland)

The Southern Football League was a Scottish regional football competition held during World War II, due to the suspension of the Scottish Football League. Held between 1940 and 1946, the competition was played as a single division until the introduction of teams in 1945–46 from the disbanded North Eastern League, forcing the addition of a second division. Rangers dominated the competition, winning every tournament. The league also ran two cup competitions: the Southern League Cup and the Summer Cup. As the war ended, regular league football returned in 1946, with the regional leagues disbanded.

Tournaments

References

Category:Wartime football in Scotland
Category:Defunct football leagues in Scotland


Penzliner Land

Penzliner Land is an Amt in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Penzlin. Aver See is a small lake within the Amt.

Municipalities
 Ankershagen
 Kuckssee
 Möllenhagen
 Penzlin

Category:Ämter in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Category:Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)


Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them

Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them is a 2000 book by James Garbarino, in which the author details the epidemic of violent male youths in the United States.

Part I
Garbarino makes use of various quantitative research, in addition to qualitative research in the form of interviews with juvenile delinquents in detention and violent boys on death row.

Garbarino addresses biological and environmental factors that contribute to aggression in boys, which in most cases is diagnosed by mental professionals as conduct disorder or chronic mis-behaviour.

Additionally, Garbarino discusses that youths with violent backgrounds are to be understood as boys rather than as miniature adult criminals. Several passages assist parents in revising how they think about their teenaged sons. He credits the work of Anna Freud for adding to the misconception that adolescence is a disconnect from childhood.

Attachment disorder in infancy is one potential cause for violent and/or aggressive teenagers, linking the childhood with future behaviour and demeanour. Kids who experience trauma in the form of parental or caregiver abuse may depart emotionally from their physical self, called dissociation. This may cause difficulties in feeling empathy and functionally socially, which Garbarino posits makes committing violent acts more likely.

Part II
Since many youth who commit violent offences develop in physical and psychological environments that are overstimulating, effective treatment has to include a different, more soothing milieu for the youth. Garbarino provides preventive treatment plans and interventions, in addition to a systematic approach to reforming violent offenders.

In part 2 of his book, Garbarino details a comprehensive plan for both prevention and reclamation, which include but are not limited to:
Programs for toddlers including a home visitor program offered to at risk mothers that help advise them on child rearing methods
Early detection and treatment of aggressive behaviour in childhood
Violence prevention programs in school
Spiritual development
Positive peer groups in adolescence.
The preventative interventions make use of family systems therapy, behaviour therapy, whereas the treatments for reclamation are largely cognitive behavioural and existential.

Garbarino criticizes the prison detention system that follows the boot camp model. He encourages the monastery model in its place, which has spiritual or religious leaders instead of wardens and disciplinarians. It encourages meditation and self-reflection in the adolescent inmates, expanding their understanding of how their violent acts effect both victims and society's perception of them and the community they come from.

Critical response
Elliot Pittel M.D. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston says:"Lost Boys makes an important contribution to the literature on the causes and prevention of youth violence."
The book has also received praise from Marian Wright Edelman, President and Founder, Children's Defense Fund:"Jim Garbarino sounds the alarm about the spread of youth violence—.  Focusing on the hurt and social alienation that are at the heart of youth violence, he offers not only insight and compassion, but also steps that will lead to prevention and intervention."
Michael Cunningham, at the Department of Psychology at Tulane University extends his mixed praise of the book:"Garbarino addresses timely questions of biological and social influences of violence from an
ecological perspective, and the results are very provocative." However, as an academic, he experienced that some of the book's content "resulted in more questions than answers."
Sharon G. Portwood, Assistant Professor of Psychology and Director of Women's & Gender Studies,   University of Missouri-Kansas City, offers her response to Lost Boys:"James Garbarino presents a logical and compelling analysis of not only why boys turn violent, but also how this transformation from vulnerable young boy to violent offender, and possibly even "killer," can be interrupted."
Deborah Lazarus Psy.D. says of Lost Boys:"All in all, he has tackled an extremely difficult topic and done a very admirable job of making
some sense of it and recommending ways to improve things."

References

External links
  , Random House Publishing
 Full-Text Summary at Psychpage

Category:2000 non-fiction books
Category:American non-fiction books
Category:Books about men
Category:Books about violence
Category:English-language books
Category:Free Press (publisher) books
Category:Men's studies literature


Sonia Mills

Sonia Mills (born 24 January 1980) is an Australian former rower – an Australian national champion, world champion and an Olympian. She had world championship success in both sculls and in sweep-oared boat classes. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Club and state rowing
Raised in Maroochydore, Queensland, Mills' first senior rowing was done from the Noosa Rowing Club and later after she took her Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) scholarship, from the Canberra Rowing Club.

Mills' first state representative selection came in 2003 when she was selected for Queensland to race a national single sculls title for the Nell Slater Trophy at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships. She was offered a scholarship to the AIS in its joint venture with Rowing Australia under the National Rowing Centre of Excellence program. From 2004 Mills was selected in Australian Capital Territory senior women's eight to contest the Queen's Cup at the Australian Championships.

In Canberra Rowing Club colours she contested the open single sculls event at the Australian Rowing Championships in 2005, 2006 and 2008 placing 2nd to Dana Faletic in 2006. She competed for the double sculls national title in 2005 and won that Australian championship in 2006 with Sally Kehoe. In 2007 she contested the national quad sculls Australian championship and was victorious in a composite selection quad in 2007.

International representative rowing
Mills first represented for Australia contesting the 2004 World Rowing Championships in Banyoles, Spain in a coxless four. She placed sixth.

In 2005, she came into contention for a seat in the Australian eight and at the World Rowing Cups I and II she contributed her strength and power from the three seat to help the eight to a fourth and then a first place respectively. She also raced in smaller boats at those regattas and with Kate Hornsey their pair was the slowest of the three pairs contested by members of the eight. A few weeks later at the 2005 World Rowing Championships in Gizu, Japan Mills rowed in the women's eight to a gold medal and a world championship title.

Having won the Australian double sculls championship in 2006, Mills was in contention for Australian representative selection as a sculler. She raced at World Rowing Cups I and II in the Australian women's quad and at the WRC II she also competed in a coxless pair with Catriona Sens and took bronze. She secured her two seat in the Australian quad for the 2006 World Rowing Championships at Eton Dorney who won a silver medal.

The standard of Australian elite women's rowing in 2007 was high and even giving the selectors a wealth of talent from which to choose. Mills was in contention for the eight who match raced for selection in small boats at the World Rowing Cup I in Linz in pairs and at the WRC II in Amsterdam in fours. In Linz the eight also raced with Mills at bow. For the 2007 World Rowing Championships however Mills missed selection in the eight with Sally Kehoe taking the bow seat and Robyn Selby Smith at three. Mills was picked to race the Australian quad scull with Amy Ives, Catriona Sens and Brooke Pratley. They placed fourth in Munich 2007.

Mills' final Australian representative outing was at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She was picked early in the double scull with Catriona Sens and they raced at World Rowing Cup II as a lead up. In Beijing Mills and Sens finished fourth in their heat, third in a repechage and missed the A final. They finished eighth overall.

References

External links

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian female rowers
Category:World Rowing Championships medalists for Australia
Category:People from the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Category:Olympic rowers of Australia
Category:Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics


Fantcha

Fantcha (born Francelina Durão Almeida on October 14, 1956) is a Cape Verdean singer.

Biography
Fantcha was born as Francelina Almada in Salamansa on São Vicente Island, Cape Verde.  She grew up singing in a musically rich household. From the earliest age, she loved to sing. Instead of playing with dolls or hopscotch with her little girlfriends, her biggest pleasure was to sing with her two brothers who enjoyed playing guitar and cavaquinho at home.

When she was around 10, Fantcha joined the Flores do Mindelo carnival company. Like in Brazil, carnival is one of the most important social event in Mindelo. Gregorio Gonçalves, a.k.a. Ti Goy, at that time one of the most famous composers in the city, was the Flores do Mindelo music director. Soon he realized that this young shrill-voiced girl had a timbre that people would notice, a voice that would make the difference in the tough competition the carnival companies were indulged in. But, besides her voice and her look, Ti Goy detected in her a promising talent: he told her that she should become a singer and offered her some training lessons. Years later, Ti Goy introduced Fantcha to Cesária Évora; she also became a friend of Cesaria’s daughter Fernanda, who was Fantcha’s age. She started to visit Cesaria regularly and learned a lot from her: Ti Goy – who had previously trained Cesaria – taught her the rules of the rhythm while Cesaria taught her the vibes, the emotion, and the phrasing. Early 1988 – the same year Cesaria was recording an album that changed her destiny – Fantcha was in Lisbon, recording for Bana, the famous Capeverdean singer who lived in Portugal. That year, she went to the US, at the Massachusetts Capeverdean community’s invitation, for a concert series in the company of Cesaria Evora. Fantcha finally decided to stay in the US and now lives in New York.

Fantcha’s music has continued to evolve through several albums including, Lusafrica’s Criolinha and Viva Mindelo and the compilation album Putamayo Presents Cape Verde where she performed alongside famed Cape Verdean vocalists such as Bana and Cesaria Evora.  She also performed with Évora and Ildo Lobo in a Paris concert on March 23, 1998. She has toured throughout Cape Verde, Europe and the US and has performed at the Hollywood Bowl, Chicago World Music Festival, New York’s Summerstage and Joe’s Pub among others. A charismatic performer, Fantcha, developed her own, unique musical style with African, Cuban and Portuguese inflections. Her rich, sensuous voice is memorable when she sings the soulful mornas, evoking the ache of longing and loss. She is equally compelling with her renditions of coladeras, those danceable tunes that time after time has audiences on their feet dancing.
Fantcha launched her next album Amor Mar e Musica at Joes Pub in March 2010. Under the musical direction of Rufino “Bau” Almeida, the album features top-notch musicians such as Hernani Almeida, Paulino Vieira, Miroca, Cau Paris and Tchenta Neves. The album features many of Cape Verde's great composers including Betú, Constantino Cardoso, Teófilo Chantre, Jorge Humberto, Dionísio Maio, Manuel de Novas, Morgadinho, Eugénio Tavares and Vlú. The poignant title song, Amor Mar e Musica, was written by Fantcha herself.
In December 2016, Fantcha launched a new album entitled Nôs Caminhada, in hommage to her mentor Cesaria Evora, including a number of traditional songs (mornas and coladeras) that had been interpreted by Cesaria Evora. It also features compositions by Teofilo Chantre, Betú and a very special song, Nôs Caminhada, remember the moments spent with the beloved one Fantcha considers her second mom.

Discography
Boa Viagem (Portugal, 1988)
Criolinha (Lusafrica, 1997)
Viva Mindelo (Lusafrica, 2001)
Amor Mar e Musica (RB Records, 2009)
Nôs Caminhada (RAJ'D, 2016)

References

External links
Fantcha's official website

Fantcha - Biography at MTV
Fantcha at Sodade Online
Fantcha at Mindelo Infos website
Lusafrica records profile at Fantcha

Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cape Verdean female singers
Category:People from Mindelo
Category:Singers from São Vicente, Cape Verde


1942 Kentucky Wildcats football team

The 1942 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1942 college football season.

References

Kentucky
Kentucky Wildcats football
Category:Kentucky Wildcats football seasons


Orwell Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio

Orwell Township is one of the twenty-seven townships of Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 3,106 people in the township, 1,446 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township.

Geography
Located on the southwestern edge of the county, it borders the following townships:
Rome Township - north
New Lyme Township - northeast corner
Colebrook Township - east
Greene Township, Trumbull County - southeast corner
Bloomfield Township, Trumbull County - south
Mesopotamia Township, Trumbull County - southwest corner
Windsor Township - west
Hartsgrove Township - northwest corner

The village of Orwell is located in central Orwell Township.

Name and history
It is the only Orwell Township statewide.

The first settler in Orwell Township was former New York resident A.H. Paine, who arrived in 1815. The township was named Leffingwell Township until 1826.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

References

External links
County website

Category:Townships in Ashtabula County, Ohio
Category:Townships in Ohio


Christopher Macosko

Christopher W. Macosko (1944) is an American chemical engineer and professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota. He is internationally known for his work in polymer science and engineering,  especially in the areas of rheology and polymer processing.  Macosko is an author of more than 500 academic papers, dozens of patents, and two books including the text: "Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications" (Wiley/VCH, 1994).  He served as Director of the Industrial Partnership for Research in Interfacial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME), a university-industry consortium at the University of Minnesota, from 1999 to the present.  Macosko and his wife Kathleen have been married since 1967 and are long-time residents of Minneapolis. They have four children and numerous grandchildren.

Early life and education
Macosko received a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering in 1966 from Carnegie-Mellon University.  He then spent one year at Imperial College, London and obtained an M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering in 1967.  Macosko earned his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering in 1970 from Princeton University, where he worked under the supervision of Bryce Maxwell.  His thesis work included the design of a new less-compliant rheometer.  Macosko and a fellow graduate student, Joe Starita, co-founded the company Rheometrics, whose instruments have significantly advanced the field of rheology.  The company is now part of TA Instruments, a world-leading manufacturer of rheological devices.

Research at Minnesota
In 1970, Macosko joined the University of Minnesota and become one of the first assistant professors in the then newly combined Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.  His research on polymers served as a bridge between the two disciplines, and his leadership helped attract other faculty in this area and contributed to the international reputation in polymers at the University of Minnesota.  Macosko's research was centered around polymer processing, with special emphasis on the structure-function relation between polymer morphology and the associated rheological, mechanical, electronic, and other physical properties.  He made significant contributions toward understanding the rheology of polymer materials, such as the characterization of network formation during gelation, the elasticity of foams, interfacial area generation in reactive blends, and the viscoelastic character of polymer composites.  Macosko's research has addressed a broad range of polymer processing operations including reaction injection molding, extrusion, melt blowing, and coating.  His current research interests include network polymerization, nanoparticle reinforced polymer composites, interfacial reaction during polymer blending, and polymerization with phase separation. Macosko has taught short courses for many years on rheological measurements that have attracted industrial interest.

Awards, honors, and professional service
, Macosko has graduated over 100 Ph.D. students, and has supervised more than 50 postdoctoral researchers. Many of his students and postdocs have become faculty members at major research universities across the world (e.g., Julio Ottino  at Northwestern University).  Macosko was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2001  and was awarded the Bingham Medal by the Society of Rheology in 2004. He has also received Charles M. A. Stine Award (now called the Braskem Award) in Materials Engineering and Sciences from American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1988  at Northwestern University.  In addition, Macosko has received numerous awards including the Pall Award for Applied Polymer Research in 1997, the Banbury Award from American Chemical Society in 2006, the International Award from the Society of Polymer Science Japan (SPSJ) in 2008, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Conference on Advanced Molding Technology and Materials Processing in 2012.

Works
Chris Macosko has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in polymer rheology, melt processing, and nanocomposites which includes but is not limited to:

C.W. Macosko, D.R. Miller "A new derivation of postgel properties of network polymers", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 49(5), 1219-1231, (1976).
C.W. Macosko, D.R. Miller "A new derivation of average molecular weights of nonlinear polymers", Macromolecules, 9(2), 199-206, (1976).
A.C. Papanastasiou, L.E. Scriven, C.W. Macosko "An Integral Constitutive Equation for Mixed Flows: Viscoelastic Characterization", Journal of Rheology, 27(4), 387-410, (1983).
D.E. Bornside, C.W. Macosko, L.E. Scriven "Spin Coating: One-dimensional Model", Journal of Applied Physics, 66(11), 5185-5193, (1989).
U. Sundararaj, C.W. Macosko "Drop breakup andcoalescence in polymer blends: the effects of concentration and compatibilization", Macromolecules, 38(8), 2647-2657, (1995).
X. Cao, L.J. Lee, T. Widya, C.W. Macosko "Polyurethane/clay nanocomposite foams: processing, structure and properties", Polymer, 46(3), 775-783, (2005).
C.J. Ellison, A. Phatak, D.W. Giles, C.W. Macosko, F.S.Bates "Melt blown nanofibers: fiber diameter distributions and onset of fiber breakup", Polymer, 48(11), 3306-3316, (2007).
H. Kim, A.A. Abdala, C.W. Macosko "Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 43(16), 6515-6530, (2010).

Chris was also the author of two highly influential books:

C.W. Macosko "Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications", 1st Edition 1994, Wiley-VCH.
C.W. Macosko "RIM Fundamentals of Reaction Injection Molding", 1st Edition 1989, Hanser Publishing

References

External links
Chris Macosko, University of Minnesota
Research Website - Chris Macosko
Google Scholar - Chris W. Macosko
Academic Tree - Chris Macosko
Youtube: CEMS-UMN: Chris Macosko's "Last Lecture, March 1, 2018

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Category:American chemical engineers
Category:Chemical engineers
Category:American materials scientists
Category:University of Minnesota faculty
Category:University of Minnesota alumni
Category:1944 births
Category:Living people
Category:Highly Cited Researchers
Category:Minnesota CEMS


La Paz (Madrid)

La Paz is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Fuencarral-El Pardo. It is home to the largest hospital in Madrid, Hospital Universitario La Paz.

References

Category:Wards of Madrid
Category:Fuencarral-El Pardo


Chemmanthatta Mahadeva Temple

Chemmanthatta Mahadeva Temple is a Hindu temple located in Chemmanthatta, Thrissur District. According to folklore, sage Parashurama has installed the idol. It is the part of the 108 Shiva temples of Kerala. Kerala urayma devasom board and kshethrakshema samidhi chemmanthatta control the temple.

References

Category:108 Siva Temples
Category:Shiva temples in Kerala
Category:Hindu temples in Thrissur district
Category:Monuments of National Importance in Kerala


City Tower (Trnava)

The City Tower (in Slovak Mestská veža) is one of the most important historic monuments of Trnava, Slovakia.

The tower's construction began on 28 July 1574. In 1666 and 1683 the tower was affected by fire and since then it has remained without a roof.

The tower has a square ground plan in the shape of a solid prism with eight floors and is 57 metres high. The tower has a scenic gallery 29 metres above ground level. The corners and the highest floor are decorated with diamond sgraffito. On the south-west side is a sundial. In the alcove above the entrance is circular relief a symbol of Christ.

On the top of the tower was originally a moon with a star emblem. This symbol was replaced by a statue of the Virgin Mary sometimes between 1739–1742, but since that time it was toppled by windstorm and replaced by a life-size gilt copper statue.

In 1729 a clockwork mechanism from Franz Langer’s workshop was added to the fifth floor. The bobs weigh 300 kilograms and hang on a 30 metre  rope.

In 1818 a new entrance into the tower  was built above which was sgraffiti of Christ and the Latin lettering: Nisi dominus custodierit civitatem, frustra vigilat, gui custodit eam ("except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain", Psalm 127).

The tower was reconstructed in 1938–1941 by the Pittel and Brausvetter company. The sgraffiti were covered by plaster and the statue was re-gilded in the workshop of Peter Michaletz.

Another reconstruction took place in 1997 - 1998.

Category:Buildings and structures in Trnava
Category:Towers in Slovakia
Category:16th-century architecture in Slovakia


Anne Martin (rower)

Anne Martin (born September 24, 1961) is an American rower. She competed in the women's quadruple sculls event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:American female rowers
Category:Olympic rowers of the United States
Category:Rowers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Kyle, Ayrshire

Kyle (or Coila poetically; ) is a former comital district of Scotland which stretched across parts of modern-day East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire. It is said to be named after Coel Hen, a king of the Britons, who was reputedly killed in battle in this area and is said to be buried in a cairn near Mauchline.

Geographical Extent

The area was bordered by the historical districts of Cunninghame to the north, Clydesdale to the east and by Carrick to the south. The Firth of Clyde lies to the west.

Kyle was the central of the three districts in the sheriffdom of Ayr, which was divided naturally by its three primary rivers all running in a generally westward direction to flow into the firth of Clyde. The River Irvine formed the northern boundary of Kyle with Cunninghame; the River Doon established its southern boundary with Carrick. Additionally, Kyle itself was sub-divided into two parts. To the north of the River Ayr was "Kyle Stewart" (sometimes called "Stewart Kyle" or "Walter's Kyle"), lands held by the FitzAlans (the future Stewart Kings of Scotland) since the 12th century. To the south was "Kyle Regis" or "King's Kyle", lands historically retained by the monarch under royal authority from the royal castle at Ayr. (On 16 May 1975 Ayr County Council officially disbanded these old districts and burghs.)

Kyle was eventually combined with Cunninghame and Carrick into the county of the Shire of Ayr during reorganisation due to Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889; this Act established a uniform system of county councils and town councils in Scotland and restructured many of Scotland’s areas.

Kyle and Carrick District

From 1975 to 1996 Kyle and Carrick was the name of a local government district in Strathclyde region, although the larger part of historic Kyle formed Cumnock and Doon Valley district. In 1996 Kyle and Carrick was constituted as a Unitary Authority, but renamed South Ayrshire.

Council ward
In local government the area of Kyle makes up a council ward, bordering the council wards of Troon; Prestwick; Ayr North and Maybole, North Carrick & Coylton in the South Ayrshire Council area. It has 3 local councillors belonging to the Conservative Party, the Scottish National Party and the Labour Party. The area of Kyle includes the villages of Annbank, Mossblown, Tarbolton, Monkton, Symington and Dundonald as well as a number of smaller surrounding settlements such as Craigie, St Quivox and Loans. The area encompasses the northern portion of South Ayrshire excluding Troon, Prestwick and Ayr. It is bounded by the northern and eastern borders of the South Ayrshire Council area, which border North and East Ayrshire respectively. The southern border of the area follows the River Ayr between Ayr and the administrative border between South Ayrshire and East Ayrshire.

Kyle Castle

At Dalblair near Cumnock, at the confluence of Guelt and Glenmuirshaw Waters, lie the ruins of the once impressive 15th century Kyle Castle.

References

External links
Map of Kyle
Map of Kyle
Gazetteer for Scotland entry for Kyle

Category:Geography of East Ayrshire
Category:Districts of Scotland
Category:History of East Ayrshire

Category:Geography of South Ayrshire


Américo Martins Pereira Júnior

Américo Martins Pereira Júnior, commonly known as Américo, (born March 19, 1993) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Cabofriense as a defender.

References

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:Figueirense FC players
Category:Nacional Esporte Clube (MG) players
Category:Esporte Clube Internacional de Lages players
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Category:Association football defenders


Mangatu River

The Mangatu River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows south from its sources in rough hill country northeast of Matawai to reach the Waipaoa River at Whatatutu.

See also
List of rivers of New Zealand

References

Category:Rivers of the Gisborne District
Category:Rivers of New Zealand


Tony Degrate

Anthony "Tony" Degrate (born April 25, 1962) is a former American college and professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for a single season in 1985.  He played college football for the University of Texas, and was recognized as a consensus All-American.  He was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1985 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the NFL's Green Bay Packers.

Early years
Degrate was born in Snyder, Texas.  He attended Snyder High School, and played high school football for the Snyder Tigers.

College career
He received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Texas at Austin, where he played for coach Fred Akers' Texas Longhorns football team from 1981 to 1984.  He was a first-team All-Southwest Conference (SWC) selection in 1983 and 1984, and was a key member of the 1983 Longhorns team that won the SWC championship and finished 11–1.  As a senior team captain in 1984, he led the team in tackles and quarterback sacks, was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, and won the Lombardi Award honoring the best lineman in college football.

Professional career
The Cincinnati Bengals drafted Degrate in the fifth round of the 1985 NFL Draft.  He played in a single professional game for the Green Bay Packers during the  season.

See also

 1984 College Football All-America Team
 List of University of Texas at Austin alumni
 Texas Longhorns

References

Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:All-American college football players
Category:American football defensive ends
Category:Green Bay Packers players
Category:People from Snyder, Texas
Category:Texas Longhorns football players


Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge

The Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge is located on the Illinois River and the Mississippi River in parts of Calhoun, Jersey, and Greene counties in Illinois, and St. Charles County, Missouri.  It is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex.

As of 2009, the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge consists of five separate parcels of riverine bottomland wetlands grouped in and around the confluence of the Illinois and the Mississippi Rivers (hence the name, Two Rivers).  The region is noted for its population of bald eagles.

The refuge is 8,501 acres (34 square km) in size.  Its headquarters is located in the Calhoun County municipality of Brussels, Illinois.

References

External links
Official site

Category:Protected areas of Calhoun County, Illinois
Category:Protected areas of Greene County, Illinois
Category:Protected areas of Jersey County, Illinois
Category:National Wildlife Refuges in Illinois
Category:National Wildlife Refuges in Missouri
Category:Protected areas on the Mississippi River
Category:Protected areas of St. Charles County, Missouri
Category:Illinois River
Category:Wetlands of Illinois
Category:Wetlands of Missouri
Category:Landforms of Calhoun County, Illinois
Category:Landforms of Greene County, Illinois
Category:Landforms of Jersey County, Illinois
Category:Landforms of St. Charles County, Missouri
Category:1958 establishments in Illinois
Category:1958 establishments in Missouri
Category:Protected areas established in 1958


Pancrace Bessa

Pancrace Bessa (1 January 1772 – 11 June 1846) was a French natural history artist, best known for his botanical illustrations. Bessa was a student of the great engraver Gerard van Spaendonck and worked alongside Pierre-Joseph Redouté, some of whose influence shows in Bessa's detailed and delicate treatment of his subjects. He was a regular exhibitor at the Paris Salons between 1806 and 1831.

Bessa's favourite subjects were fruit and flowers, with occasional digressions to birds and mammals. In 1816, the Duchesse de Berry, daughter-in-law of King Charles X of France, extended her patronage to him, which led to his giving painting lessons to the de Berry family. Their art connections went back to the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. Bessa also worked on the French royal watercolour collection on vellum the Velins du Roi from 1823 until his death.

In the early nineteenth century, Bessa, Redouté, Jean-Louis Prévost, Lancelot-Théodore Turpin de Crissé, and Madame Vincent raised France to pre-eminence in the genre of botanical painting.  Bessa developed a masterful use of stipple engraving technique, an essential part of colour printing. Bessa and Redoute collaborated on the Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de L'Amerique Septentrionale, which appeared between 1810 and 1813. He prepared some 572 watercolours for L'Herbier Général de L'Amateur by Mordant de Launey and Loiseleur Longchamp, which appeared between 1810 and 1826. Description des Plantes cultivees a Malmaison a Navarre used 9 of Bessa's illustrations and 54 by Redouté.

Bessa’s final work was Flore des Jardiniers, published in 1836.

Notes

Gallery

External links

  Pancrace Bessa and the Golden Age of French Botanical Illustration at the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation

Category:1772 births
Category:1846 deaths
Category:Botanical illustrators
Category:French botanists


2009 Mediterranean wildfires

The 2009 Mediterranean wildfires were a series of wildfires that broke out across France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey in July 2009. Strong winds spread the fire during a hot, dry period of weather killing at least eight people, six of whom were in Spain. Some of the wildfires were caused by lightning, along with arson and military training.

Effects
Four Spanish firefighters died in Catalonia on 21 July, and a fifth member died later from injuries on 23 July, as well as a fire engine driver in Teruel. A further two people died from bush fires in Sardinia. More than 120 people were rescued at Capo Pecora on Sardinia by helicopter and civil protection boats. The Arenas prison complex was evacuated and the inmates were temporarily transferred to the beach.

Northern and central Spain saw temperatures of around  on 21 July. Around 2,000 people were evacuated from hills around the town of Collado Mediano, near Madrid. Aircraft with water and firefighters controlled the fire.

Estimates suggest that 5,000 hectares of forest and bush were affected in the Sierra Cabrera mountain range between Turre and Mojácar in Spain on 14–15 July. 500 people were evacuated, as dozens of firefighters and soldiers controlled the fires, including the use of five helicopters and three aircraft. On 23 July, the fires on the Sierra Cabrera on which Mojácar sits flared again, causing damage to the village and other houses in the area and the evacuation of around 1,500 residents.

Outside the French city of Marseille, 1,300 hectares (3211 acres) were destroyed. In Corsica, wildfires led to the destruction of approximately 4,000 hectares (10,000 acres) of bush and forest resulting in the injuries of five firemen.

More than 320 wildfires affected patches of forest across Greece, although they did affect buildings. Most of them were located on the island of Euboea and the southern Peloponnese.

On 23 July, over 15 hectares of land were destroyed in a landfill site in Bodrum, southwestern Turkey. Over 200 volunteers and 100 firefighters tried to contain the fires across Turkey, which saw temperatures of  on 25–26 July.

Causes

In the Mediterranean region, the current fire frequency due to human activity is considered much larger than the natural rate. 95% of forest fires in Spain are human-induced. The 2009 Mediterranean wildfires occurred during a particularly hot and dry summer period, increasing the risk of wildfires burning out of control once ignited. Temperatures peaked at  in mainland Spain and reached  in Gran Canaria. These conditions, combined with insufficient fire-fighting resources and an inadequate official response in some of the affected countries, exacerbated the extent of the damage.

Uncontrolled legal and illegal scrub burning by farmers is a major cause of forest fires in the Mediterranean region. Arson, while still a significant factor, has diminished in Spain and Greece in recent years. Decreasing property values generally and the introduction of legislation in Spain to tackle the issue has diminished the financial incentive to illegally clear forested land for development by burning. Isolated cases of areas in Spain affected by fires caused by lightning strikes include Aragon (Spain), as reported by El Pais and Mojácar, as suggested by the Spanish Forest Fire Organisation (INFOCA). The wildfires outside of Marseille, France were reported as being caused by military training using tracer bullets. The local government of Corsica believed the fires were caused by arson.

References

See also
2009 Greek forest fires

Category:Wildfires caused by arson
Category:Arson in Europe
Category:Mass murder in 2009
Mediterranean Wildfires, 2009
Category:July 2009 events in Europe
Category:2009 in France
Category:2009 in Greece
Category:2009 in Italy
Category:2009 in Spain
Category:2009 in Turkey


413 Edburga

Edburga (minor planet designation: 413 Edburga) is a typical Main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Max Wolf on 7 January 1896 at Heidelberg Observatory.

References

External links
 Lightcurve plot of 413 Edburga, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2011)
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center

Category:Background asteroids
Edburga
Edburga
Edburga
Category:M-type asteroids (Tholen)
Category:X-type asteroids (SMASS)
18960107


Steve Shull

Steven Mark "Steve" Shull (born March 27, 1958) is a retired professional American football player for the National Football League's Miami Dolphins.

He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is Jewish. Shull played college football at William & Mary.

He played linebacker in 41 career games between 1980 and 1982 before a knee injury ended his career. One of his career highlights was being named one of the three captains for Super Bowl XVII (the Dolphins lost to the Washington Redskins 27–17).

References

External links
NFL.com profile

Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:American football linebackers
Category:Jewish sportspeople
Category:Miami Dolphins players
Category:Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Category:Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Category:William & Mary Tribe football players


Mabel Dearmer

Jessie Mabel Pritchard Dearmer (née White; 22 March 1872 – 15 July 1915) was an English novelist, dramatist and children's book author/illustrator. She was a committed pacifist who died caring for the war wounded in Serbia.

Early life

Born Jessie Mabel Pritchard White, the daughter of surgeon-major William White and Selina Taylor Pritchard, she was educated in London and was trained by W. G. Wills. She entered Hubert von Herkomer's art school in 1891, but left the following year to marry the socialist liturgist priest Percy Dearmer.

Writing career

In 1896 she began contributing illustrations to The Yellow Book, The Savoy and The Studio. She notable created the cover for the Yellow Book's issue number nine. She soon after turned to children's book illustration. Dearmer created artwork for Wymps, and Other Fairy Tales and All the Way to Fairyland by Evelyn Sharp and The Story of the Seven Young Goslings by Laurence Housman (1899). She also illustrated several self-written titles, Round-about Rhymes (1898), The Book of Penny Toys (1899), and The Noah’s Ark Geography (1900).

From 1902 Dearmer began writing for adults, beginning with The Noisy Years and its 1906 sequel Brownjohn’s. Her autobiography The Difficult Way was published in 1905, other titles include a historical romance The Orangery: A Comedy of Tears (1904), The Alien Sisters (1908), and Gervase 1909. A keen dramatist, in 1911 she founded the Morality Play Society, which performed productions of her plays The Soul of the World and The Dreamer.

Though a committed pacifist, Dearmer accompanied her husband when he volunteered as a chaplain to the British Red Cross. Joining the Third Serbian Relief Unit as a nursing orderly she left for Serbia in April 1915, but contracted enteric fever (typhoid) in June, and died of pneumonia on 15 July. Her letters were posthumously published as Letters from a field hospital. With a memoir of the author by Stephen Gwynn.

Three months after her death, her younger son Christopher died in the Gallipoli Campaign. His elder brother Geoffrey Dearmer survived to the age of 103.

Works

Roundabout Rhymes (1898)
The Book of Penny Toys (1899)
Noah's Ark Geography (1900)
The Noisy Years (1903)

The Difficult Way (1905)
Brownjohn's (1906)
A Child's Life of Christ (1907)
The Alien Sisters (1908)

Gervase (1909)
Nan Pilgrim (1909)
The Soul of the World: A Mystery Play (1911)
The Dreamer: A Poetic Drama (1912)
The Cockyolly Bird (1913)
 with Martin Shaw
The Cockyolly Bird: A Book of the Play (1914)

References

External links

Mabel Dearmer by Richard Mammana
 Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford - Biographical notes on Christopher Dearmer and his mother Mabel

 Article on Mabel Dearmer from 'The Yellow Nineties Online'
 'Mabel Dearmer in Serbia' blog entry from the British Library

Category:1872 births
Category:1915 deaths
Category:19th-century illustrators of fairy tales
Category:20th-century British women writers
Category:20th-century English novelists
Category:British illustrators
Category:British women illustrators
Category:British women children's writers
Category:British children's book illustrators
Category:British women in World War I
Category:English children's writers
Category:English socialists


Svetlić

Svetlić is a village in the municipality of Topola, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 417 people.

References

Category:Populated places in Šumadija District


The Bill (series 7)

The seventh series of The Bill, a British television drama, consisted of 105 episodes, broadcast between 1 January – 31 December 1991. The series was released on DVD for the first time on 6 June 2012, in Australia. It features the above artwork, which features images of Sgt. Alec Peters and WDC Viv Martella.

Cast changes

Arrivals
 Sgt Matthew Boyden
 WPC Donna Harris

Departures
 Sgt Joseph Corrie
 PC Phil Young

Episodes
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:20px;"|No. overall
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:20px;"|No. in series
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:150px;"|Title
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:230px;"|Episode notes
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:140px;"|Directed by
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:150px;"|Written by
! style="background-color:#2f1; width:100px;"|Original air date

|}

Category:1991 British television seasons
Category:The Bill series


Formariz e Ferreira

Formariz e Ferreira is a civil parish in the municipality of Paredes de Coura, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Formariz and Ferreira. The population in 2011 was 998, in an area of 19.54 km².

References

Category:Parishes of Paredes de Coura


Baharestan (newspaper)

Baharestan ( lit. "The Spring Garden") is an Iranian newspaper in the Fars region. The Concessionaire of this newspaper was Habibollah Noubakht and it was published in Shiraz since 1920.

See also
List of magazines and newspapers of Fars

References

Category:Newspapers published in Iran
Category:Persian-language newspapers


Joan Acocella

Joan Acocella (née Ross, born 1945) is an American journalist who is a staff writer for The New Yorker,. She has written books on dance, literature, and psychology.

Education and career
Acocella received her B.A. in English in 1966 from the University of California, Berkeley.  She earned a Ph.D. in comparative literature at Rutgers University in 1984 with a thesis on the Ballets Russes.

Acocella has written for The Village Voice, has served as a senior critic and the reviews editor for Dance Magazine, and was the New York dance critic for the Financial Times. Her writing also appears regularly in the New York Review of Books. She began writing for The New Yorker in 1992 and served as its dance critic from 1998 to 2019.

Her books include Creating Hysteria: Women and Multiple Personality Disorder (1999); Mark Morris (1993), a biography of modern dancer and choreographer Mark Morris; and Twenty-Eight Artists and Two Saints (2007), which explores the virtues common among extraordinary artists. She also edited The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky: Unexpurgated Edition (1999), André Levinson on Dance (1991), and Mission to Siam: The Memoirs of Jessie MacKinnon Hartzell (2001), her grandmother.

Her New Yorker article "Cather and the Academy," which appeared in the November 27, 1995 issue, received a Front Page Award from the Newswomen’s Club of New York and was included in the “Best American Essays” anthology of 1996. She expanded the essay into Willa Cather and the Politics of Criticism (2000).

Awards and honors
2017 – Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters
2017 – Fellow, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers
2012 – Holtzbrinck Berlin Prize Fellow, American Academy in Berlin.
2009 – Nona Balakian Citation for Excellence in Reviewing, the National Book Critics Circle
2007 – Award in Literature, American Academy of Arts and Letters
2002–present – Fellow, New York Institute for the Humanities
1993–1994 – Fellow, Guggenheim Foundation.

References

External links
 Joan Acocella bibliography

Category:1945 births
Category:American dance critics
Category:Dance in New York City
Category:Living people
Category:The New Yorker critics
Category:Guggenheim Fellows
Category:American women journalists
Category:Women critics
Category:The Village Voice people
Category:20th-century American journalists
Category:20th-century American women writers
Category:20th-century American writers
Category:21st-century American journalists
Category:21st-century American women writers