Electric Park, Kansas City

Electric Park was the name shared by two amusement parks in Kansas City, Missouri, US, that were constructed by Joseph Heim (then president of the Heim Brothers Brewery) and his brothers Michael and Ferdinand Jr. and run by them. The first was built next to the Heim Beer brewery in 1899; the second, a larger one, was built and opened for the public in 1907 and remained in operation until the end of the 1925 season. Animator and entrepreneur Walt Disney cited the second Kansas City Electric Park as his primary inspiration for the design of the first modern theme park, Disneyland.

First park
The Heim brothers built the first Electric Park in land adjacent to the Heim Brothers Brewery (at the time the largest brewery in the world) in East Bottoms. The amusement park was bounded by Montgall, Chestnut, Nicholson, and Rochester Avenues.

Open from 1899 to 1906, the first Electric Park proved to be an immediate success as one of the world's first full-time amusement parks. Featuring a Shoot-the-Chutes ride (called the Mystic Chute), the park also had a beer garden with beer piped directly from the brewery next door. Eventually, the carefully groomed grounds were too small to sustain the park's popularity; at the end of the 1906 season, some of the rides were dismantled and moved to a new location to the south.

Much of the grounds lay neglected or abandoned for the next 19 years. in 1925, part of the plot (near the corner of Montgall and Rochester) was deeded to city of Kansas City for use as a neighborhood playground. Opened in a 1 August 1925 ceremony, the park offered "Pet Night", in which children won prizes for displaying the largest, smallest, and the most deformed dog. Another day saw swimsuits awarded to boys who created wood carvings from dead trees.

Second park
The second Kansas City Electric Park, this time at 46th Street and the Paseo, opened 19 May 1907. Like the first one, it was a trolley park (this time served by the Troost Avenue, Woodland Avenue, and Rockhill lines of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company), but the successor was one of the largest (if not the largest) ever to be called Electric Park.  It had "band concerts, vaudeville, Electric Fountain, ballroom, natatorium, German village, alligator farm, chutes, Dips Coaster, Norton slide, penny parlors, novelty stand, Japanese rolling ball, scenic railway, pool room, a Hale's Tour of the World, Electric Studio, boat tours, old mill, a Temple of Mirth, Flying Lady, Double Whirl, Circle Swing, soda fountain and ice cream shops, knife rack, doll rack, shooting gallery, air gun gallery, giant teeter, boating, outdoor swimming, carousel, clubhouse cafe, Casino 5 cent theater, fortune telling and palmistry, covered promenade and horseless buggy garage." Souvenirs from the park touted it as "Kansas City's Coney Island," which it matched by having 100,000 light bulbs adorn its buildings.

In 1911, the second Kansas City park attracted one million people, averaging 8000 paying customers per day that season.

Much of the second Electric Park in Kansas City burned to the ground in 1925. The fire was witnessed by a young Walter Cronkite, who later wrote

Despite the devastating blaze, the park maintained its operating hours as its theater and its aquarium remained open for the remainder of its last year. In the final days of 1925, Electric Park inaugurated its Coin Carnival to replace its destroyed midway. The two weeks before its final closing, Electric Park celebrated its own Mardi Gras after the Heim family decided to sell the land. On 1 September 1925, a fireworks exhibition punctuated the park's last closing ceremony.

Walt Disney and the Kansas City Electric Park
After Elias Disney moved his family to Kansas City in 1911, a nine-year-old Walt and his younger sister Ruth became regular visitors to the second Electric Park, which was a mere 15 blocks from their new home at 3028 Bellefontaine Street. While the Kansas City park was inspired by the original White City in the 1893 Columbian Exposition (for which Elias was a construction worker), Walt later took many features of the Kansas City Electric Park (including a train whose track ringed the park grounds and the daily fireworks at closing time) and incorporated them into Disneyland when he started developing the plans for the layout of the park that he opened in 1955.

Unlike many of its contemporaries, the Electric Park's grounds were meticulously maintained with landscaping designed to accentuate the park's rides and other attractions, a trait that Disney insisted to be maintained in Disneyland. Electric Park's "Living Statuary"'s electric procession featured young women emerging from a fountain onto a platform while bathed in various colored lights. Disney's entrances featured structures similar in design and structure to that of Electric Park's Monkey Cage Gazebo. In fact, most of the attractions that graced Disney's childhood park had similar counterparts in the California park that he opened three decades later.

In popular culture
Electric Park is described in Time Enough For Love by Robert A. Heinlein. In the novel, Lazarus Long (as Sergeant Theodore Bronson) takes his mother and her son Woodie to the Kansas City park during the spring or summer of 1918. The reference is in Da Capo VII.

See also
Electric Park
Trolley park
Luna Park
Walt Disney
White City

References

External links

Category:Defunct amusement parks in the United States
Category:Buildings and structures in Kansas City, Missouri
Category:Amusement parks in Missouri
Category:1907 establishments in Missouri
Category:1925 disestablishments in Missouri


Le Prussien

Le Prussien is a 1971 French made-for-television film directed by Jean L'Hôte and starring Edmond Beauchamp. It is Isabelle Huppert's film debut.

Cast
 Edmond Beauchamp - Le 'Prussien'
 Françoise Lugagne - Lucie
 Alfred Adam - Victor
 Jacques Rispal - Auguste
 Denise Bailly - Madeleine
 Jeanne Hardeyn - Marguerite
 Mélanie Brévan - Marie-Thérèse
 Isabelle Huppert - Elisabeth
 Freddy Schluck - Jules
 Marc Chapiteau - Paul
 Max Doria - Alfred
 Andrée Tainsy - Yvonne
 Alexandre Rignault - Le notaire
 Jacques Maginot - Le fossoyeur

See also
 Isabelle Huppert on screen and stage

References

External links

Category:1971 films
Category:French films
Category:Films directed by Jean L'Hôte


Shooting at the 2018 Asian Games – Mixed trap team

The mixed trap team event at the 2018 Asian Games in Palembang, Indonesia took place on 21 August at the Jakabaring International Shooting Range.

Schedule
All times are Western Indonesia Time (UTC+07:00)

Records

Results

Qualification

Final

References

External links
Shooting Trap Mixed Team
 Results at asia-shooting.org

Mixed trap team


Isle of Wight Council

The Isle of Wight Council is a unitary authority covering the Isle of Wight near the South coast of England. It is currently made up of 40 seats. Since the 2017 election, the Conservatives have held a majority of 25 and appointed Cllr Dave Stewart as leader of the council.

History
On 1 April 1995 the Isle of Wight Council was formed, and became the first Unitary Authority in England. The new authority took control of district council functions, retaining the county council functions of the previous county council. The predecessor body to the Isle of Wight Council was the Isle of Wight County Council, which dated from January 1890.

Elections
Prior to 1998, the Liberals and then Liberal Democrats had dominated the Council.  Between 1998 and 2005, it was under no overall control, ruled by a coalition of LibDems and Independents.

Elections held in June 2005 led to significant change as the Conservatives took over from the Liberal Democrats as the largest group, winning seats primarily from the Lib Dems and Independents who had previously worked together.

In the 2009 elections the Conservatives managed to retain their majority by securing 24 of the revised 40 seats; however this was the only Conservative council in the UK that lost seats.

In 2013, the Island Independents gained 20 seats, one short of a majority, with the Conservatives only winning 15. As of January 2015, the Island Independents have lost four councillors through defections, and the Conservatives one. Leader Cllr. Ian Stephens stood down in January 2015, the next day announcing he was to stand to be the local MP. Cllr. Jonathan Bacon, representing Bembridge, Brading and St. Helens, was elected unopposed as the new Leader. He stood down, along with deputy leader Cllr Steve Stubbings, in January 2017 citing 'the unwillingness of government to lift a finger to help and the preference for too many elected members to act negatively rather than try to help.'

Following the resignations of the leader and deputy leader in January 2017, Conservative members assumed control of the administration, with Cllr Dave Stewart appointed as leader. A new ruling executive was formed, made up of five Conservatives, one UKIP member and three non-aligned members.

Coat of arms

The Coat of arms of the Isle of Wight was first granted to the County Council in 1938. On its abolition in 1995, they transferred to the new Isle of Wight Council.

The shield shows an image of Carisbrooke Castle, which was the historic seat of many island governors. At the bottom is the island's motto "All this beauty is of God".

Notes

References

External links
Isle of Wight Council official website

Category:Politics of the Isle of Wight
Category:Unitary authority councils of England
Category:Local education authorities in England
Category:Local authorities in the Isle of Wight
Category:Billing authorities in England
Category:Leader and cabinet executives
Category:1995 establishments in England


Mohammad, Iran

Mohammad (, also Romanized as Moḩammad) is a village in Shahid Modarres Rural District, in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.

References

Category:Populated places in Shushtar County


Nicky 2

Nicky 2, or Nicky II, is a platform game developed and originally released for the Amiga, Atari ST, and MS-DOS by Microïds in 1992. It is a sequel to 1992's Nicky Boom in which boy Nicky returns to fight evil forces. Its iPhone version was released as Nicky Boom 2 in 2009.

Gameplay
The player controls the protagonist Nicky who moves on his feet and on a flying goose. Nicky's main weapons against monsters are firecracker bombs, stones, and ultrasound whistles.

Plot
At the end of the first game, the little hero boy Nicky has managed to defeat the evil witch Zoldrane the Sorceress and rescue his grandfather, and it seemed the peace was restored to their forest. But after his toys get mysteriously scattered, rumors arrive that the witch had an equally wicked but even more powerful sister who is now causing chaos and preparing terrible revenge. And so his grandfather sends Nicky with a magic goose to seek out her lair. If Nicky manages to reach and defeat the end boss (a dragon), a volcano erupts and destroys the entire dark realm as he flies away on his goose.

Reception
Nicky 2 received mixed ratings, including 67% from Amiga Computing, 72% from Amiga Format, 76% from Amiga Games, 68% from Amiga Joker, 58% from CU Amiga, D- from Amiga Game Zone, 77%  from Génération 4, and 78% (Amiga) and 72% (Atari ST) from Joystick.

References

External links
Play Nicky Boum and Nicky 2 at Microids website
Nicky 2 at MobyGames
Nicky 2 at Lemon Amiga
Nicky Boom & Nicky 2 at DotEmu

Category:1992 video games
Category:Amiga games
Category:Atari ST games
Category:DOS games
Category:Fantasy video games
Category:IOS games
Category:MacOS games
Category:Microïds games
Category:Mobile games
Category:Side-scrolling platform games
Category:Single-player video games
Category:Video games developed in France
Category:Video games featuring female antagonists
Category:Video game sequels
Category:Windows games
Category:Witchcraft in video games


Cedestis gysseleniella

Cedestis gysseleniella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Europe and parts of Russia.

The wingspan is 11–13 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Abies alba, Abies fabri, Pinus mugo, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus tabuliformis, and Pinus contorta.
Although Vaccinium myrtillus has been listed as host plant in Gershenson and Ulenberg 1998, this listing is considered "suspicious"  by the more recently published Lewis and Sohn 2015.

References

Category:Yponomeutidae
Category:Moths described in 1839
Category:Moths of Europe


Mary Ann Acevedo discography

The discography of Mary Ann Acevedo, a Puerto Rican singer-songwriter, actress and musician, contains three studio albums, five singles, three promotional singles, and six music videos.

Albums

Studio albums

Collaborations

Singles

Promotional singles

Other projects
 Songs written and co-written by Mary Ann Acevedo.

Music videos

References

Category:Pop music discographies
Category:Discographies of American artists


Nuclear density gauge

A nuclear density gauge is a tool used in civil construction and the petroleum industry, as well as for mining and archaeology purposes. It consists of a radiation source that emits a cloud of particles and a sensor that counts the received particles that are either reflected by the test material or pass through it. By calculating the percentage of particles that return to the sensor, the gauge can be calibrated to measure the density and inner structure of the test material.

Background
Different variants are used for different purposes. For density analysis of very shallow objects such as roads or walls, a gamma source emitter such as 137Cesium is used to produce gamma radiation. These isotopes are effective in analyzing the top 10 inches (25 centimeters) with high accuracy. 226Radium is used for depths of 328 yards (300 meters). Such instruments can help find caves or identify locations with lower density that would make tunnel construction hazardous.

Nuclear density gauges can also be used to measure the density of a liquid in a pipe.  If a source is mounted on one side of a pipe and a detector on the other, the amount of radiation seen at the detector is dependent upon the shielding provided by the liquid in the pipe.  Tracerco pioneered the use of radiation to measure density in the 1950s and determined that the Beer–Lambert law also applied to radiation as well as optics.  Gauges are normally calibrated using gas and a liquid of known density to find the unknowns in the equation.  Once it has been calibrated and as long as the source detector alignment remains constant, it is possible to calculate the density of the liquid in the pipe.  One factor is the half life of the radioactive source (30 years for 137Cs), which means that the system needs to be recalibrated at regular intervals.  Modern systems incorporate correction for source decay.

Another variant is to use a strong neutron source like 241Americium/Beryllium to produce Neutron radiation and then measure the energy of returning neutron scattering. As hydrogen characteristically slows down neutrons,  the sensor can calculate the density of hydrogen - and find pockets of underground water, humidity up to a depth of several meters, moisture content, or asphalt content.  Neutron sources can also be used to assess the performance of a Separator (oil production) in the same way.  Gas, oil, water and sand all have different concentrations of hydrogen atoms which reflect different amounts of slow neutrons.  Using a head which contains an 241AmBe neutron source and a slow neutron detector, by scanning it up and down a separator it is possible to determine the interface levels within the separator.

Nuclear density gauges are typically operated in one of two modes:

Direct transmission:  The retractable rod is lowered into the mat through a pre-drilled hole.  The source emits radiation, which then interact with electrons in the material and lose energy and/or are redirected (scattered).  Radiation that loses sufficient energy or is scattered away from the detector is not counted.  The denser the material, the higher the probability of interaction and the lower the detector count.  Therefore, the detector count is inversely proportional to material density.  A calibration factor is used to relate the count to the actual density.

Backscatter:  The retractable rod is lowered so that it is even with the detector but still within the instrument.  The source emits radiation, which then interact with electrons in the material and lose energy and/or are redirected (scattered).  Radiation that is scattered towards the detector is counted.  The denser the material, the higher the probability that radiation will be redirected towards the detector.  Therefore, the detector count is proportional to the density.  A calibration factor is used to correlate the count to the actual density.

Many devices are built to measure both the density and moisture content of material. This is important to the Civil construction industry specifically as both are essential to verifying suitable soil conditions to support structures, streets, highways, and airport runways.

References

Category:Radiography
Category:Density meters


Two Tree Island

Two Tree Island is a small island lying north-east of Canvey Island and south-west of Leigh-on-Sea in Essex, England. It covers  and is connected to the mainland at Leigh by a bridge.

The island was reclaimed from the Thames Estuary in the 18th century and used as pasture until 1910 when a sewage works was built on it. From 1936, the entire island was used as a landfill site; this was later reduced to a single small site on the island in 1974. It is now a nature reserve, run by Essex Wildlife Trust, and the eastern half is part of the Leigh National Nature Reserve. At the western end are two bird hides; one overlooks a purpose-built scrape or lagoon where waders feed. During the breeding season both waders (including Avocets) and gulls nest here. A nest watch has been organised for some years following a serious case of Avocet egg stealing. On the south side of the island, at the end of the island road, is a sloping concrete jetty, a boat storage area and two car parking areas.

See also

Islands in the River Thames

References

External links
Aerial Video of Two Tree Island, 2013
Essex Wildlife Trust on Two Tree Island
South East Essex RSPB Group on Two Tree Island
Birds of Two Tree Island

Category:Islands of Essex
Category:Essex Wildlife Trust
Category:Islands of the River Thames


Rascalimu

Rascalimu (born Carlos Alidu Mumuni) is a Ghanaian-born American reggae musician.

See also
 Sheriff Ghale

References

Category:Living people
Category:Ghanaian musicians
Category:Dagomba people
Category:Reggae musicians
Category:Dagbani-language singers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


122nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The  was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the . It was formed 16 January in Mudanjiang as a triangular division. It was a part of a batch of eight simultaneously created divisions comprising the 121st, 122nd, 123rd, 124th, 125th, 126th, 127th and 128th Divisions. The nucleus for the formation was the 4th Independent Border Group and the remnants of the 11th Division.

History
On 30 March 1945 the 122nd Division formation was complete and it was assigned to the 1st Area Army. It was tasked with garrisoning Mudanjiang. In June–July 1945, part of the division was moved to the Ning'an area.

At the start of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria the headquarters of the 122nd division were on the west coast of the Jingpo Lake. The 122nd Division surrendered to the Red Army on 17 August 1945.

See also
 List of Japanese Infantry Divisions

Notes and references
This article incorporates material from Japanese Wikipedia page 第122師団 (日本軍), accessed 28 June 2016
 Madej, W. Victor, Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937–1945 [2 vols], Allentown, PA: 1981.

Category:Japanese World War II divisions
Category:Infantry Divisions of Japan
Category:Military units and formations established in 1945
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Category:1945 establishments in Japan
Category:1945 disestablishments in Japan


Ectoedemia mahalebella

Ectoedemia mahalebella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the Pyrenees, Italy and Greece.

The wingspan is 4.3-5.3 mm. Adults are on wing from May to June. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Prunus avium, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus cocomilia, Prunus domestica, Prunus fruticosa, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus spinosa and Prunus tenella. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a narrow corridor, filled with reddish frass. Normally, the corridor is strongly contorted, unless it follows the leaf margin. The corridor widens into a small, round blotch. In the blotch, the frass is blackish and concentrated in the centre.

External links
Fauna Europaea
bladmineerders.nl
A Taxonomic Revision Of The Western Palaearctic Species Of The Subgenera Zimmermannia Hering And Ectoedemia Busck s.str. (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), With Notes On Their Phylogeny

Category:Nepticulidae
Category:Moths of Europe


KBFX (KDE)

KBFX is an application written in C++/Qt for KDE 3.2+ and offers an alternative to the default K Logo menu.

It improves users' experience by replacing the Win95-like K-Logo button and menu with a larger and thus more visible start button and menu. It does however keep the traditional KDE menu as an option. It is fully skinable.

Features
Main KBFX features:
Using Plugins.
Selecting an Application Group.
Scroll up and down the application list.
Type and locate an Application.
Logout of the Desktop.
Lock the Desktop.
Launch the KBFX Configurator (the KBFX settings manager).

Extra KBFX features:
Double buffered Widgets to minimize flicker.
Animated scroll bars.
New Tooltip.
New Control Manager.
Drag & Drop Applications' Items support.

History
KBFX was started on June 5, 2005 as a hobbyist project by Siraj Razick, born out of a spontaneous idea.

The reason was that Siraj didn't like the old K-Menu, which was quite a clone of the old Win95 Start menu. So he started coding. The first step provided merely the possibility to call the K-Menu via a button, that could have a different shape and size than the original K-Menu button, which has always been an icon of a square size. To change the default KBFX button, one still had to copy an image file to a certain location. After the first post in mid-June 5, KBFX has spread rapidly and it was nice to see that until end of June, there were already a dozen posts on kde-look with buttons and builds.

Mensur Zahirovic (called Nookie) joined Siraj on 5 August, after Siraj met him on yahoo. Nookie is responsible for the web-development and the Q&A. He also arranged the site www.kbfx.net, that replaces the previous site www.linuxlots.com/~siraj/plugin/kde.

After that, things began to speed up. Now KBFX is no longer just another button design for the K-Menu, but provides an alternative to it, that is in fact more sophisticated than the XP-Start menu.

Development
KBFX version 0.4.9.3 is a complete rewrite of the old KBFX code eliminating all the negative points of the previous versions.

KBFX has been tested to work with all GCC 3.x and GCC 4.x compilers. It has been tested on systems running the distributions of Gentoo, Debian, Ubuntu, Suse, Slackware, Mango, Mandriva (formerly Mandrake), and Fedora core. Unfortunately, compiling on FreeBSD systems is yet to be tested.

Concepts
The KBFX Spinx Menu does not try to copy the WinXP Start menu. It is based on a different approach and concept. Following, the concepts of the traditional hierarchical structure and the new, flat indexed menu are described and compared, although the new menu structure is quite intuitive.

Hierarchical (Traditional) menu structure
The KDE K-Menu is a good example of a flat hierarchical menu. It organizes application shortcuts in a tree link structure, where it can expand and open a submenu, with entries displayed based on some logical order. This order may be task oriented, type oriented or just ordered alphabetically. To find and launch an application, the user needs to navigate through the submenus, until he reaches the leaf (leaf node). This approach is a direct adoption of the Microsoft Windows Start Menu. They introduced it with Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000. This was certainly a huge usability advantage compared to the Windows 3.1 System with the program manager, but a lot has changed since these days. The Windows XP Start Menu is still based on this concept, although it is enhanced by the functionalities to pin applications to the left column and the automatically pinned most used applications. But still, a user must move the mouse over the half screen, if his menu has many submenus with other submenus, and the application is not one of his most used or pinned applications.

Flat indexed menu structure
The KBFX Sphinx Menu uses a different approach: the flat indexed menu. With this type of menu it's very easy to navigate. On the left hand side, you are given the application categories. They can be task oriented or type oriented. On the right (middle) side of the menu, there are all the available applications listed that belong to the activated category. The advantage is evident - the menu reduces the mouse paths, so you can locate your applications very fast. The user sees all the categories at a glance and he can pick it without having to travel along a long list until he finds the end leaf. The speed of use is further enhanced by moving the most used and recently used applications on the top index, so that the most used applications are just one click away.

Tips and Tricks

Showing the KBFX menu with the keyboard's WinKey
KBFX has been criticized for not providing an option to launch the menu using the keyboard start button (WinKey), but it can be done the following way:

 Open the KDE Control Center (kcontrol)
 Select the "Input Actions" option in the "Regional & Accessibility" tab.
 Click "New Action"
 In the panel to the right select "Keyboard Shortcut -> DCOP Call (Simple)"
 In the "Keyboard Shortcut" tab assign the WinKey as the shortcut.
 In the DCOP call settings type the following:
   Remote Application "kicker"
   Remote Object "KBFXInterface"
   Called Function "showMenu()"
 Click on the Apply button.

Now pressing the keyboard's WinKey should launch the KBFX menu.

See also
 List of KDE applications
Siraj Razick

External links
KBFX Homepage
KBFX on KDE-Apps.org
KBFX on SourceForge.net
KBFX Help Documentation
KBFX Forum
Report KBFX Bugs
KBFX Developers
KBFX Themes on art4linux.org
KBFX Themes on KDE-Look.org

Category:KDE software
Category:Application launchers


Lewisham Priory

Lewisham Priory was a medieval monastic house in London, England.

The history of the manor of Lewisham dates back to the middle of the 10th century, when it was granted to St Peter's Abbey in Ghent. The location of the medieval Lewisham Priory is unknown but has variously been suggested to be either next to St Mary's church, at Priory Farm (around the Catford section of the South Circular), or on the High Street where the 17th century mansion of the same name would be built (now Albacore Crescent south of the hospital).

Category:Monasteries in London


You and Me (British TV series)

You and Me is a BBC television programme for pre-school children broadcast in the 1970s to 1990s.   The programmes consisted of various segments intended to educate and entertain young children and included elements for early literacy and numeracy. Although the programme ended in 1992, repeats of the programme continued until 1995.

Background
The first programme, called "Moving house", was broadcast at 10:45 am 14 January 1974 on BBC1, The series was influenced by the American series Sesame Street and the research done by The Children's Television Workshop.  It also took guidance from the analysis of children's needs in The Warnock Report, 1978.
It aimed therefore, in the jargon of the time, to be very much a "child-centred series" with an emphasis on a child's independence, enjoyment, and understanding.  Emotional and social education were held to be as important as more traditional school skills. Relationships with the presenters, who were surrogate parents and carers, were seen as central. There was an assumption that most children watching would be in the company of an adult.

Format
The series' original intention was to teach children safety, reading and emotional well being. The show featured a mixture of human actors and puppets. In 1979 it featured the actor Tony Hughes as Herbert The Handyman, along with the puppet characters Mr Bits and Pieces and Purrfecta the Cat. Herbert was portrayed as a well-meaning but inept handyman, who invariably made a hopeless mess of any odd job he was called upon to do. Although only 5 episodes of Herbert the Handyman were made, they were repeated until 1983. Episodes were also introduced by either:

 Two stop frame animations, called Alice (a hamster) and Crow.
 a puppet dragon called Duncan and humans called Vicki (Jan-Feb 1979) and later Sam (Sept 1979-Feb 1982)
 Purrfecta the Pussycat and a human called Stephen. (They only featured together in a Maths unit April-May 1980)

Cosmo and Dibs era
In January 1983, two new puppets were introduced. They were a pair of friends of an uncategorisable animal species; Cosmo, a female, from the North East of England, and Dibs, male, a Londoner, who lived in a street market.

The set was based on a street market in London’s Shepherd's Bush. Each programme featured a four-minute sketch with Cosmo and Dibs on an area of child interest: sharing, eating,  arguing, bullying, sleeping, bereavement, dressing up, being silly, having a row, make-believe, making poetry – there were no limits, as long as the sketch was considered relevant and useful to the target audience.

The scripts aimed to inform, educate and entertain and see the world from a child’s point of view. Explicitly the aim was not to patronise.  A successful group of sketches dealing with ‘Safety’ included the subject of child abuse, unusual in a series for this age group.  It was welcomed by the charity Kidscape, and featured on the national news.  Songs and stories were always included, with an emphasis on cultural diversity – You and Me was one of the few programmes at the time to do this. Short documentary films covered a wealth of subjects from farming to the Notting Hill Carnival. Through their experiences in short dramas, viewers were invited to share the lives of contemporary 4- to 5-year-olds; whenever possible, the two puppets would be left without adult intervention to make their discoveries and act out every human emotion - anger, love, jealousy, greed, and fear, amongst others. For the last two series, the street market disappeared and was replaced by a less adventurous, more adult-controlled domestic setting, and two additional characters (Baxter and Spike) were added. Simon Buckley and Richard Coombs puppeteered and voiced the newcomers.

By the early 90s the format had changed, Cosmo and Dibs were now in a house along with another puppet called Baxter and two humans.  The series dealt with more common matter, with the running time reduced by 5 minutes. In 1990, a fourth puppet character called Spike was also introduced.

Production team
The first producer in the format with Cosmo and Dibs was Richard Callanan who remained with the show for three series, leaving to join schools' television at Thames TV. His place was taken by Nicci Crowther, who later developed a career as an independent producer and film maker, until her early death in 2008.  Sue Aron, Adrian Mills, Diane Morgan, Pat Farrington, Julie Callanan and Cas Lester were among the regular producers and directors.  Jill Wilson, Noreen Hunter and Hilary Hardaker were the regular production assistants.  Robert Checksfield was the studio Floor Manager who most frequently worked on the show. Assistant Floor Managers included Wendy Pedley, Garry Boon, Simone Dawson, Terry Pettigrew, Sally Bates, Christine Crow and Donna Rolfe.

The first series of twenty programmes was begun at the BBC’s Lime Grove Studios, part of which overlooked Shepherd's Bush Market. It was completed at BBC Television Centre in Wood Lane, which became the show’s regular home for all but the last series. Additional puppet characters joined Cosmo and Dibs for the final two seasons, and the street market disappeared in favour of a brightly coloured domestic setting.  in 1992, an independent production company, SFTV (the Production of BBC's Words and Pictures as well as the creators of CITV's The Funbox) took over and the final series of You and Me was produced by Sheila Fraser.

Presenters
The presenters who appeared were cast from a diverse range of age-groups and social and ethnic backgrounds;

Annette Badland
Michael Balfour
Jeni Barnett
Charubala Chokshi
Tony Hughes (who played the part of Herbert The Handyman)
Vicky Ireland
Joe Barton (Puppeteer and voice of Duncan the Dragon)
Isabelle Lucas
Clive Mason also joined the cast for programmes relevant to the deaf community.
 Bill Owen
 Anton Phillips
Christopher Lillicrap
Harry Towb
Frances Kay (Puppeteer and voice of Cosmo)
Michael Snelders
Maggie Ollerenshaw
Bharti Patel
Francis Wright (Puppeteer and voice of Dibs)
Larrington Walker
Gary Wilmot

Puppet characters
 Crow and Alice
 Duncan the Dragon
 Mr Bits-and-Pieces
 Purrfecta The Cat
 Cosmo and Dibs

Cosmo and Dibs were played by Frances Kay and Francis Wright who puppeteered and voiced the characters throughout the series. The puppets were made by Muppet-maker and performer Tim Rose, and the scripts were written by members of the production team and cast.

Henry the Kangaroo
From 1981 until 1992 the show also included a regular item featuring Henry the Kangaroo, an animated cartoon incorporating live action. The item introduced 'social sight words' such as STOP and EXIT.  Henry would say each time: 'I'm looking for the words in my book again...' His farewell line was: "Toodle-oo from the kangaroo, toodle-oo from me to you". Henry was voiced by Nigel Lambert.

Theme tune
The Theme was written by Charley Dore, Julian Littman and Karl Johnson, and was originally an acoustic version.  In 1983 it was replaced with a reggae version performed by UB40  which lasted until the series finished in 1992:

You and me, me and you,
Lots and lots for you to do,
Lots and lots for you to see,
Me and you, you and me …

The lyrics were referenced in the Oasis song "She's Electric", "Cos I'll be you and you'll be me, there's lots and lots for us to see, lots and lots for us to do".

References

External links

Category:BBC children's television programmes
Category:British television programmes for schools
Category:1974 British television series debuts
Category:1970s British children's television series
Category:1980s British children's television series
Category:1990s British children's television series
Category:1992 British television series endings
Category:British television programmes featuring puppetry
Category:English-language television programs


Belaka

Belaka () is a municipality located in Udayapur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. It is one out of total four urban municipalities located in Udayapur District. It has covered eastmost areas of Udayapur District.

The total area of the municipality is  and the population of the municipality is 42,386 as of 2011 Nepal census

The municipality was formed on 10 March 2017, when Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.  thus the municipality came into existence. The municipality was formed merging following former VDCs: Tapeshwari, Rampur Thoksila, Mainamaini and Katunjebawala. The municipality is divided into 9 wards and the headquarter of the municipality is located at Rampur Thoksila.

Geography
The municipality is situated in the easternmost part of Udayapur district. The geographical coordinations for the municipality is  -  Latitude and longitude. The municipality covers an area of . Shiwalik and Mahabharat Range borders at north and south part of the municipality. Sun kosi River flows on north border of the municipality which meets to Kosi River which flows on eastern border of the municipality. The municipality includes urban area of Rampur Thoksila and its neighborhood, rural areas, forests, foothills and grasslands.

It is surrounded by Bhojpur District in north, Dhankuta in north-east, Sunsari in east, Saptari in south and Chaudandigadhi of Udayapur in west. The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is within in south-east corner.

References
{{Reflist}

External links
 www.mofald.gov.np/
 www.belakamun.gov.np
 www.kathmandupost.ekantipur.com
}

Category:Populated places in Udayapur District
Category:Cities, towns and urban municipalities in Province No. 1
Category:Municipalities of Udayapur District


Dadıköy, Amasya

Dadıköy is a village in the District of Amasya, Amasya Province, Turkey.

References

Category:Populated places in Amasya Province
Category:Amasya District
Category:Villages in Turkey


Pacific Coast Way

The Pacific Coast Way is an Australian road route from Sydney, New South Wales to Cairns in Queensland. It has been designated by the Queensland Government as a State Strategic Touring Route.

The route
The route in New South Wales is generally via the Pacific Motorway / Pacific Highway to the Gold Coast at the Queensland border.
The route in Queensland follows the Pacific Motorway to Brisbane and then the Bruce Highway to Cairns.

Tourism Queensland website
The organisation "Tourism and Events Queensland" has established a website titled "Pacific Coast Way" that shows a map of the route from the Gold Coast to Cairns, with side trips to the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, Bundaberg, Gladstone, Airlie Beach and Mission Beach. It provides some information about each of the following segments:
 Gold Coast to Brisbane (intersection with Adventure Way and Warrego Way)
 Brisbane to Maroochydore
 Maroochydore to Gympie
 Gympie to Hervey Bay
 Hervey Bay to Bundaberg
 Bundaberg to Gin Gin
 Gin Gin to Gladstone
 Gladstone to Rockhampton (intersection with Australia’s Country Way, Leichhardt Way and Capricorn Way)
 Rockhampton to Mackay
 Mackay to Airlie Beach
 Airlie Beach to Bowen
 Bowen to Home Hill
 Home Hill to Townsville (intersection with Overlanders Way)
 Townsville to Ingham
 Ingham to Cardwell
 Cardwell to Mission Beach
 Mission Beach to Cairns

See also
 Queensland Electric Super Highway

References

Category:State Strategic Touring Routes in Queensland


First Girl

is a josei romance manga series written and illustrated by Chiho Saito. It was serialized by Shogakukan in Petit Comic in 2002 and 2003, and collected in five bound volumes under the Flower Comics imprint. It is licensed in Italian by Star Comics, which serialized it in the magazine Kappa Extra.

Story
The story is about Miu, a seventeen-year-old Japanese girl who is sold by her mother to the handsome Leon Rosas, the son of a powerful family of a South American country, in order to get out of debt. She is taken to South America as Leon's bride to be and is terrified of being in a new country and owned by Leon.  However Leon is able to seduce Miu and they fall in love.
Tragedy strikes when a coup is taken out on the Rosas family, and every member of the family is killed in a massacre.  Leon is the only one who survives as he was showing Miu a field of blue roses.  Upon discovering this they evade the army for the time being along with a pastor who marries them.

Later on, Leon is apparently killed in a stand off against the rebels which breaks Miu's heart.  She then encounters Juan Ortes, the commander of the rebels.  Miu believes he is responsible for Leon's death and escapes his camp.  While the revolutionists break out, Miu seeks refuge in Madame Marianna's tango shop.

After spending sometime at Marianna's, the shop is eventually raided by Captain Carlos Ricardo (now called General Shilbas) who was rejected by Marianna some years back before the story.   Meanwhile Juan Ortes shows signs of interests in Miu not as enemy but out of attraction toward her.  During the raid Ricardo and Miu instantly become enemies.  Marianna is injured in the attack and in an effort to raise her spirits Miu organizes for the town to trade goods on a boat.  This however is short-lived by another raid by Ricardo.  The civilians fight back and Miu travels with them on the boat before it is raided again by the army.

Miu is captured and forced to dance with Ricardo as symbol of political importance to him, and Juan is sentenced to death.  However both Miu and Juan escape during a blackout and it is revealed that Leon may still be alive.  Shilbas has become enamored of Miu and desires to make her his woman.

After their escape Miu insists on going back to the town only to discover Marianna's hung corpse after a bloody massacre.  Shunned and blamed by the town for this Miu is forced to escape with Juan through the jungle until they reach his village.  Due to Juan's background the village is unhelpful to them and only one an old friend secretly aides them.  During this time Juan is obviously in love with Miu but he is rejected by her.  The army eventually catches up and shoots Juan who falls to his death.  Whilst the chaos ensues, Miu is rescued by a helicopter and placed on a boat to America.  On the boat she is at last reunited with her husband Leon.  However due to Ricardo's suspicions about Leon's survival, Miu realizes she is going to New York and will be separated from Leon for the time being.

Upon her arrival in New York she accidentally gets involved with some gangsters.  This is soon resolved however Miu is left in a tough position with only Isaac Prince to turn to, a renowned choreographer and master of tango. Isaac sees Miu as a sort of muse but also pursues her romantically.  As they perform, he tries to convince her that Leon could not have survived or else does not want her, and eventually gets her to sleep with him.  Not long afterward though, Leon reappears in New York, as does Shilbas; in pursuit of them both.  Leon forgives Miu for sleeping with Isaac, and the two of them go on the run again, this time back to Japan.

Miu goes into hiding with her family, while Leon goes out to network help.  It is revealed that her mother, who is now dating a new man; used to go to Tornadia to visit her sister (she was married to Leon's uncle) and had known Leon for very long, and had realized that Leon had fallen for Miu at first sight and would love and take care of her well.

It is also revealed that Miu's high school aged brother (they're not blood related), is also in love with her.  Being in close proximity to her but having her in love with someone else is maddening to him; and he tries to break Miu and Leon up by questioning what Leon is doing while he's left her alone.  Miu, however; has perfect faith in Leon and is saved by him after her brother takes drugs and while in that state, tries to force himself on her.

Unfortunately, while her mother's beau is a good man, he is also a spy and turns Leon and Miu's whereabouts over to Shilbas.  There is a lot of running around and chasing that culminates in their capture.  Leon is shot and injured and Miu is forced to accompany Shilbas to a party proving his power, after which he intends to force her to wed him.  Shilbas forces Miu to tango in front of the injured Leon, keeping a promise he made to let her see him one last time.  He also grants Leon's request to dance with Miu one last time, before he is to be shot on the lawn.  The pair captivate the crowd, and Miu demands she be shot along with Leon.  As they say goodbye to each other, the firing squad never appears.  Rather, Juan Ortes, who was saved from death by his village, appears; having executed an overthrow of the military regime with Leon's help.  Shilbas is captured, but Leon refuses to kill him, even after Juan encourages him to do so.  He instead turns him over to the people, and declares that Tornadia will become a democracy and he will remove himself from the political process.  Miu and Leon retire to his estate while Juan Ortes is elected president.  It is heavily implied however, that Leon will be elected as soon as he shows himself again, making Miu the first lady.

Characters

Satsuki Miu was sold by her mother to Leon Rosas, son of a powerful family of a South American country, to get out of debt. Miu was at first scared of Leon, however, eventually she opened up to him and they fall in love. While Leon's family was holding a birthday party for Leon's grandfather, the whole Rosas family was massacred, except for Leon, who had been away with Miu.

Leon Rosas, the son of a powerful family of a South American country. Married to Miu, a Japanese girl who was sold out by her mother. A way for Miu to identify him is his strong cologne. It is, at one point, used against her.

Manga

References

External links
 Shogakukan series website

Category:2002 manga
Category:Chiho Saito
Category:Shogakukan manga


The Mercy Seat (play)

The Mercy Seat is a 2002 play by Neil LaBute that was among the first major theatrical responses to the September 11, 2001 attacks. Set on September 12, it concerns Ben, a man who worked at the World Trade Center but was away from the office during the attack, with his mistress, Abby, who is also his boss.  Expecting that his family believes that he was killed in the towers' collapse, Ben contemplates using the tragedy to run away and start a new life with his lover.

Inspiration
Though urban legends of a similar adulterous situation circulated at the time, LaBute has said he was actually inspired to write the play when, after the events of September 11, his flight from Chicago to New York City was cancelled and he had to take a 21-hour train ride.  LaBute explained to The New York Times that he thought, "This is inconvenient....[and] I remember thinking, 'Ooh, that's not a very good thought to have.'  I knew it wasn't right, but the thought had already come out."

Productions

New York
The Mercy Seat premiered Off-Broadway at the Acorn Theatre in an MCC Theater production on December 18, 2002 and closed on January 15, 2003. Directed by LaBute, the cast starred Liev Schreiber and Sigourney Weaver.

It was both a commercial and critical success (it sold out for the length of its run).

The play, which "requires almost a nonstop output of high-octane emotion," was an emotionally draining experience for Weaver and Schreiber.  Weaver (who had already appeared in the 9/11-themed play The Guys) admitted that "It takes its toll....It's hard to be that rough to each other, it's hard to be those characters, and it's hard to be that rough to the world situation....But I must say, as well as shocking, [the play] was funny. And necessary."  Schreiber, who stepped in to play Ben after frequent LaBute collaborator Aaron Eckhart proved unavailable, was deeply affected by his character's flaws, saying, "Doing this part, I feel, well, shadier.  Not that I'm doing anything shady. It's like trying to shake off an itch that's not really there."

London
The Mercy Seat was produced at the Almeida Theatre in November 2003, directed by Michael Attenborough, with Sinead Cusack and John Hannah.

Lima
The Mercy Seat was performed in Lima, Perú during June 2008, in a Spanish translation entitled Misericordia, starring Mónica Sánchez and Gonzalo Molina.

Rio de Janeiro
The Mercy Seat was produced, in Portuguese translation by Gustavo Klein as Marco Zero, in a production directed by Ivan Sugahara, and with Letícia Isnard and Tárik Puggina enacting the roles, at the Caixa Cultural Theatre in November and December 2015.

Critical response
The TheatreMania reviewer wrote: "...this 100-minute, intermissionless piece may not be the author's most soul-searing, it's the one in which the characters seem the most human.

References

Category:Plays by Neil LaBute
Category:2002 plays
Category:Plays about the September 11 attacks
Category:Plays set in New York City


Shahpur Jahania railway station

Shahpur Jahania railway station
() is  located in  Pakistan.

See also
 List of railway stations in Pakistan
 Pakistan Railways

References

External links
Official Web Site of Pakistan Railways

Category:Railway stations in Shaheed Benazir Abad District


Parapoynx discoloralis

Parapoynx discoloralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in Australia.

References

Category:Acentropinae
Category:Moths described in 1866


Saint Sebastian at the Column (Dürer)

Saint Sebastian at the Column is a 1500 engraving by the German artist Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528), part of his series of the Lives of the Saints.

Dürer intended the work to represent both an idealised vision of 15th-century beauty, and an homage to classical sculpture. According to legend, Saint Sebastian was martyred by the Roman emperor Diocletian for his Christian faith. By the 16th century, artists were using Christian tales as an excuse to portray the humanistic nude body. The four arrows piercing Sebastian's body represent a symbolic wounding of a flawless body. The saint's pose echoes the Crucifixion, and like the saviour, Saint Sebastian is said to have risen from the dead, though in his case to punish those who have persecuted Christians for their beliefs.

The engraving is an early example of the use of contrapposto in Western art, and one of the first depictions of the harmonic balance between opposing forces (in this case between the arrows and the flesh). Dürer encountered such concepts during his travels to north Italy, where he also found the inspiration for the harmonic contrast he renders between Saint Sebastian's engaged leg and his free leg.

See also
 St. Sebastian (Mantegna)

Sources
Nürnberg, Verlag Hans Carl. Dürer in Dublin: Engravings and woodcuts of Albrecht Dürer. Chester Beatty Library, 1983.
Kurth, Dr. Willi. The complete woodcuts of Albrecht Durer. New York: Arden Book Co, 1935.

Category:Prints by Albrecht Dürer
Category:1500 works
Category:16th-century prints
Durer


Pholidostachys

Pholidostachys is a genus of palms found in Central America and northwestern South America (northwestern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru).

 Pholidostachys amazonensis A.J.Hend. - Peru
 Pholidostachys dactyloides H.E.Moore. - Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
 Pholidostachys kalbreyeri H.Wendl. ex Burret - Panama, Colombia
 Pholidostachys occidentalis A.J.Hend. - Ecuador
 Pholidostachys panamensis A.J.Hend. - Panama
 Pholidostachys pulchra H.Wendl. ex Burret - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia
 Pholidostachys sanluisensis A.J.Hend. - Colombia
 Pholidostachys synanthera (Mart.) H.E.Moore - Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Amazonas State of Brazil

References

Category:Geonomeae
Category:Arecaceae genera
Category:Neotropic ecozone flora


Hans-Peter Lehmann

Hans-Peter Lehmann (born 15 December 1934) is a German opera and artistic director.

Life
Born in Kassel, Lehmann was born son of the sculptor  and an art historian. In 1955 he passed his Abitur at the  in Hanover. Afterwards he studied music at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold from 1955 to 1957 and completed from 1957 to 1958 a study of art history and theatre studies at the Free University of Berlin.

After his studies, Lehmann became assistant of Carl Ebert and Gustav Rudolf Sellner at the Deutsche Oper Berlin and assisted Wieland and Wolfgang Wagner at the Bayreuth Festival between 1960 and 1973. In 1970, he staged Wagner's Tannhäuser at the Bayerischen Staatsoper München, and in 1974 Zimmermann's Die Soldaten in Nuremberg.

From 1976 to 1980 Lehmann worked as opera director at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden and from 1980 to 2001 was opera director at the Staatsoper Hannover.

Bibliography
 Sabine Sonntag: Danach trachtet mein Sinn. Die Ära Hans-Peter Lehmann an der Staatsoper Hannover 1980 bis 2001. With a tribute by . Niedersächsische Staatstheater, Hannover 2001.
 : Opern-Lexikon, 3., extended edition, extended new edition (Lizenzausgabe des Henschelverlages Kunst und Gesellschaft, Berlin. - Edition for the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin (West), Austria and Switzerland), Wilhelmshaven: Noetzel, Heinrichshofen-Bücher, 1987,
 : Hans-Peter Lehmann, in 100 hannoversche Köpfe, published by Tigo Zeyen and Anne Weber-Ploemacher, with photos by , Hameln: CW Niemeyer Buchverlage, 2006,  and , .
 , Erg.-Vol. 2 (1975),
 Birte Vogel: Hans-Peter Lehmann. In Hannover persönlich. Seewind Verlag, Wennigsen 2011. ,

External links
 Informationen bei der Bayerischen Staatsoper

References

Category:German opera directors
Category:Opera managers
Category:Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover faculty
Category:1934 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Kassel


Claudine Muno

Claudine Muno (born 2 July 1979 in Luxembourg City) is a Luxembourgian author, singer, musician, music teacher, and journalist.

Biography
Claudine Muno spent her childhood in southern Luxembourg town of Pétange and finished secondary school with a diploma in modern languages, literature, and Latin. She received an undergraduate degree in History at the University of Strasbourg, France, where she wrote a dissertation on Luxembourgish film: Peur de l'oubli - Peur de l'autre. Les films et documentaires luxembourgeois ayant pour sujet la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale (French: Fear of forgetting, fear of the Other. Luxembourgish films and documentaries covering the Second World War).

After graduating, she became the full-time cultural editor of the Luxembourgish weekly left/green-wing magazine woxx. As of 2007, she has been teaching music in the Neie Lycée, a pilot secondary school in Luxembourg City.

The author
In 1996, Muno's first publication was a triple surprise for the Luxembourgish book market: the author was not only female (which was rare until then), she was also young (16 years old), and she wrote in English, a language rarely used in Luxembourg literature. In the following years, Muno has published a novel in French, one in German, and three in Luxembourgish. She has also co-authored two children picture storybooks with Pascale Junker who did the illustrations, and she has written two plays in Luxembourgish: Speck and Krakullen. Book critics have compared her writing style to the Belgian writer Amélie Nothomb.

The musician
Although Muno's first CD was first published by her book publisher, she is nationally and internationally known as Claudine Muno and The Luna Boots, who have already produced two albums. Much to her dismay, her singing style and voice has sometimes been compared to Jewel and Alanis Morissette.

Awards
 Prix littéraire national 2000 (French: National Literary Prize) for her short-story Crickets
 Servais Prize (2004) for her novel Frigo

Bibliography
 Muno, Claudine: The Moon of the Big Winds. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 1996.
 Muno, Claudine: Träume, aus denen man zu spät aufwacht. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 1997.
 Junker, Pascale & Muno, Claudine: Dem Zoe seng Geschichten. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay,  1998.
 Junker, Pascale & Muno, Claudine: D'Zoe, Draachen a Siweschléifer. Dem Zoe seng Geschichten 2. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 1999.
 Muno, Claudine: 21. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 1999.
 Muno, Claudine: De Fleeschkinnek. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 2002.
 Muno, Claudine: Frigo. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay. 2003.
 Muno, Claudine: Koma. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 2005.
 Muno, Claudine: d'welt geet ënner, nils poulet. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 2006.

Discography
 Muno, Claudine: Fish out of Water. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 1998.
 Claudine Muno and The Luna Boots: faith + love + death. Maskénada (Luxembourg), 2004.
 Claudine Muno and The Luna Boots: Monsters. Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg): Op der Lay, 1998.
 Claudine Muno and The Luna Boots: Petites chansons méchantes. Green l.f.ant Records, Brussels, 2007.
 Claudine Muno and The Luna Boots: Noctambul. Green l.f.ant Records, Brussels, 2010.
 Claudine Muno and The Luna Boots: Carmagnoles (Compilation). Volvox Music, Moret-sur-Loing (France), 2011.

External links
 Claudine Muno (CNL) (in French)
 Éditions Op der Lay
 The Luna Boots Official Facebook
 entry of Claudine Muno in the Centre National de littérature, Luxembourg (in French)

Category:Luxembourgian novelists
Category:Luxembourgian educators
Category:Women novelists
Category:Luxembourgian female singers
Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Luxembourg City
Category:21st-century women singers


Carr River

The Carr River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 6 km (4 mi). There are three dams along the river's length.

Course
The river rises from Carr Pond in West Greenwich. It flows roughly due west past Tarbox and Capwell Mill Ponds to its confluence with the Big River.

Crossings
Below is a list of all crossings over the Carr River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.
West Greenwich
Hopkins Hill Road
New London Turnpike
Burnt Sawmill Road

Tributaries
Mud Bottom Brook is the Carr River's only named tributary, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.

See also
List of rivers in Rhode Island

References
Maps from the United States Geological Survey

Category:Rivers of Kent County, Rhode Island
Category:West Greenwich, Rhode Island
Category:Rivers of Rhode Island
Category:Tributaries of Providence River


Parque del Café

Parque del Café () is a theme park in the department of Quindío, Colombia, 4 km south-west of the town of Montenegro and 11 km west of the departmental capital city Armenia. The park was founded by the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia () and the Departmental Committee of Coffee Growers of Quindío (), and opened on 24 February 1995. It consists of two main areas: by the main entrance are the buildings housing the museum and exhibitions detailing the history, culture and process of growing and producing coffee in the region; and in the valley beyond is an amusement park with rides and shows. The two areas are linked by two gondola lifts and a chairlift: it is also possible to walk between the two areas via an ecological trail that passes through a plantation of many varieties of coffee bushes.

As well as amusement rides the park also offers other attractions such as animatronics shows, a global coffee garden, food stalls based on coffee and traditional Colombian architecture. In 2009 the park received its five millionth visitor and has grown to become one of Colombia's top tourist attractions, with more than one million visitors in 2017.

History
The idea for a coffee museum came after Diego Arango Mora and his wife Margarita visited the Sugar Museum in nearby Valle del Cauca Department. Margarita remarked that if the country had a museum dedicated to sugar, it should also have one dedicated to Colombia's best known export. Arango, a member of the Departmental Committee of Coffee Growers of Quindío, agreed and contacted Jorge Cárdenas Gutiérrez, the head of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia, who was also receptive to the idea. When Arango was elected to chair the National Congress of Coffee Growers in 1982, he  proposed the creation of the museum, but was told by the secretary of the Congress that he did not have the quorum to pass the proposal.

Over the following years, Arango continued to work toward the creation of the museum, despite lack of financial support from banks unwilling to lend money for an enterprise they saw as non-profitable, and opposition from delegates from three other departments of Colombia who lobbied for the museum to be constructed in their departments, as well from other towns within the department of Quindío itself who objected to Arango's choice of Montenegro as the planned site for the museum.

The museum was finally constructed and opened on 24 February 1995, and drew 250,000 visitors in its first year. However, visitor surveys showed that it was mainly those of 40 years of age who enjoyed the park, while younger visitors and children indicated they would not return. Arango took the decision to add an amusement park to the museum in order to attract the younger crowds. The first attractions were the gondola lift and the steam railway, followed by the roller coaster and other rides.

Coffee-themed park and exhibits
Local culture
 Interactive Museum of Coffee
 The Coffee Show — the history and culture of the region told through music and dance
 Traditional country house
 Plaza of typical Quindian town with traditional architecture
 Cemetery of indigenous tribes
 18 meter high look-out tower, constructed from guadua

Ecological
 Coffee garden (ecological trail)
 Bamboo forest
 Horse rides

Amusement park
The amusement park contains 27 rides as of 2018. These include three roller coasters:
the "Montaña Rusa", commonly known as "La Broca" (formerly the Zambezi Zinger, relocated from the Worlds of Fun amusement park in Kansas City, Missouri and opened in 1999), which at 1,050 metres in length is the longest roller coaster in Colombia;
"Krater", an Iron Shark-designed Euro-Fighter roller coaster by Gerstlauer, which is 380 metres long and includes a vertical drop of 30 metres, and which opened on 24 February 2015 to coincide with the park's 20th anniversary;
"Yippe" ("Jeep"), a German-built roller coaster 550 metres long which opened on 23 March 2018, and whose name and design was inspired by the Colombian coffee culture and the Willys Jeeps that have traditionally been used to transport the coffee.

Other rides include free-fall rides, a log flume, a Ferris wheel, bumper boats and  bumper cars (dodgems), go-karts and a traditional train (with live folkloric music onboard) and station

See also

 Amusement park
 Coffee production in Colombia
 Colombian coffee growing axis
 Ecotourism
 Juan Valdez
 List of amusement parks in the Americas
 Quindío Department

References

External links

 Official site of the Parque Nacional del Café

Category:1995 establishments in Colombia
Category:Amusement parks in Colombia
Category:Buildings and structures in Quindío Department
Colombian Coffee Park
Category:Drink-related museums
Category:Landmarks in Colombia
Category:Museums in Colombia
Category:Tourist attractions in Quindío Department


Tyler Hansbrough

Andrew Tyler Hansbrough (born November 3, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for the Sichuan Blue Whales of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).

In college, Hansbrough was a star with the North Carolina Tar Heels from 2005 to 2009. He was the first player in Atlantic Coast Conference history to be named first-team All-ACC four times and to be a first-team All-American four times (he was a consensus first team pick in three of those seasons). Hansbrough was named ACC Rookie of the Year in 2006 and ACC Player of the Year in 2008; he also swept all national player of the year awards in 2008. Hansbrough won an NCAA championship in his senior season at North Carolina.

Following his college career, Hansbrough was selected by the Indiana Pacers with the 13th overall pick in the 2009 NBA draft. He played four seasons for the Pacers and later played for the Toronto Raptors and the Charlotte Hornets. He has since played in the NBA Development League and in China.

High school career
Hansbrough attended Poplar Bluff High School in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, where he led the Mules to back-to-back state championships and scored more than 2,500 career points. He had 29 points, 16 rebounds and two blocks in a 72–56 win over Vashon High in the state Class 5 championship game on March 12, 2005, ending the opposition's 60-game win streak. He averaged 28 points and 7.3 rebounds as a senior. In addition to being named Gatorade Player of the Year in Missouri, he was named a McDonald's and Parade All-American.  He had 15 points and eight rebounds in the McDonald's All-America game, and had 24 points and nine rebounds and was named co-MVP of the Jordan Brand Classic.

On April 9, 2005, Hansbrough scored 31 points in a 106–98 USA win over the World Select Team in the Nike Hoop Summit in Memphis, Tennessee, tying the USA record for points in the game.

College career

Freshman season
As a freshman at North Carolina in 2005–06, Hansbrough became the only player in ACC history to earn First Team All-America honors as a freshman. He was honored so by The Sporting News and Rupp, and was named third-team All-America by the Associated Press, NABC and Basketball Times. He was only the third ACC freshman to earn AP All-America honors, joining Kenny Anderson and Stephon Marbury of Georgia Tech. He was selected the National Freshman of the Year by USBWA, ESPN.com, The Sporting News, and Basketball Times, and earned unanimous selection as the ACC Rookie of the Year and was the first freshman to earn unanimous first-team All-ACC honors in league history. On February 15, 2006, Hansbrough set a Dean Smith Center scoring record and an ACC freshman scoring record when he scored 40 points in a home game against Georgia Tech. Hansbrough had the highest scoring average ever by a Tar Heel freshman at 18.9 per game, good for second in the ACC in scoring. He became the first Tar Heel freshman to lead the team in scoring and rebounding, and was the first Tar Heel (and seventh ACC player) to lead his team in scoring, rebounding, field goal percentage and steals in the same season.

Sophomore season
A consensus first-team All-American as a sophomore in 2006–07, Hansbrough was voted UNC's Most Valuable Player by his teammates and coaches. He was a unanimous first-team All-ACC selection for the second consecutive year and led UNC (fourth in the ACC) in scoring with an average of 18.4 points per game. He led the team and was second in the ACC in rebounds (7.9 per game) and grabbed double figures in rebounds 11 times. He was sixth in the ACC in field goal percentage and ninth in free throw percentage, and was one of three players (along with Florida State's Al Thornton and Boston College's Jared Dudley) to rank in the Top 10 in both field goal and free throw percentage.

On March 4, 2007, Hansbrough had 26 points and 17 rebounds before suffering an injury in the closing seconds of the Tar Heels' 86–72 win over Duke, clinching the top seed in the Atlantic Coast Conference tournament. With 14.5 seconds left in the game, Hansbrough leaped for a layup. After the ball left his hand, he was struck in the face by Gerald Henderson's right elbow. The errant elbow broke Hansbrough's nose. Henderson was ejected from the game and received an automatic one-game suspension from the NCAA.

Junior season
As a junior in 2007–08, Hansbrough was named the consensus National Player of the Year (NPOY). He became the 11th Tar Heel to earn NPOY honors and was the fourth player in ACC history to win National Player of the Year, ACC Player of the Year, ACC Tournament MVP and NCAA Regional MVP honors in the same season. He was voted the ACC Male Athlete of the Year, only the third Tar Heel to win the award in 24 years, and became the third player in ACC history to be unanimously selected three times to the All-ACC team, joining North Carolina State's David Thompson (1973–75) and Duke's Art Heyman (1961–63).

Hansbrough tied the ACC single-season record by scoring in double figures in 39 games, and scored 882 points, second-most in school history, and the most since Lennie Rosenbluth had 895 in 1956–57. Hansbrough was second in total points in the NCAA behind Davidson's Stephen Curry (931), and had 399 rebounds, a UNC single-season record. He led the ACC in scoring and rebounding and ranked 12th nationally in scoring and 17th in rebounding, becoming the first player to lead the ACC in both categories since Antawn Jamison in 1997–98. Hansbrough's average of 22.6 points per game was the highest average by a Tar Heel since Charlie Scott (27.1 ppg) in 1969–70. With 10.2 rebounds per game, he became the seventh Tar Heel to lead the ACC in rebounding and just the third Tar Heel in 30 years to average a double-double.

On February 3, 2008, in a game against Florida State, Hansbrough broke Lennie Rosenbluth's 51-year-old school record for made free throws. In the ACC semifinals on March 15, 2008, Hansbrough hit a baseline jump shot with 0.8 seconds remaining to give the Tar Heels a 68–66 victory over Virginia Tech.

Senior season

Hansbrough was the Tar Heels' co-MVP with Ty Lawson as a senior in 2008–09. He finished third in the ACC Player of the Year balloting behind Lawson and Florida State's Toney Douglas, after finishing the year second in the ACC in scoring at 20.7 points per game and sixth in field goal percentage, free throw percentage and rebounding. He made a career-best 28 straight free throws early in the season and shot a career-best 84.1 percent from the free throw line, improving his free throw accuracy for a third straight season. He scored 18 points in each of North Carolina's Final Four wins against Villanova and Michigan State, helping the Tar Heels win the 2009 NCAA championship and subsequently being named to the All-Final Four team.

Due to right shin and left ankle ailments, Hansbrough missed four games early on in the 2008–09 season, the first he had missed as a Tar Heel. On December 18, 2008, in a home game against Evansville, Hansbrough broke North Carolina's all-time career scoring record, surpassing a 30-year-old mark held by Phil Ford (2,290 points). Ten days later, Hansbrough grabbed his 1,000th career rebound in a game against Rutgers, becoming one of seven UNC players to record 1,000 career rebounds. On February 28, 2009, Hansbrough made his 906th career free throw in UNC's 104–74 win over Georgia Tech, breaking Dickie Hemric's (Wake Forest) NCAA record, set in 1955. Hansbrough finished his career with 982 made free throws.

Career highs

Points: 40 vs. Georgia Tech (2/15/06)
Field Goals: 13 vs. Georgia Tech (2/15/06), vs. Notre Dame (11/26/08)
Field Goal Attempts: 21 vs. Duke (2/6/08), at Duke (3/8/08)
Three-Pointers: 2 vs. Duke (3/8/09)
Free Throws Made: 17 vs. Clemson (2/10/08)
Free Throw Attempts: 19 vs. Georgia Tech (2/15/06), vs. Clemson (2/10/08)
Offensive Rebounds: 9 vs. UC Santa Barbara (11/25/05), vs. Duke (3/4/07)
Rebounds: 21 at Florida State (2/3/08)
Assists: 4 vs. Tennessee (11/24/06), NC State (2/18/09)
Turnovers: 8 at Maryland (2/2/06)
Blocks: 3 at Virginia (1/15/09)
Steals: 8 vs. UNC Asheville (12/28/05)
Minutes: 47 vs. Clemson (2/10/08, 2OT)

College career legacy

Hansbrough was the first player in ACC history to earn first-team All-America and first-team All-ACC honors in each of his four seasons. He finished his career with a league-record 2,872 points and a school-record 1,219 rebounds to go with the NCAA record of 982 made free throws. While attending North Carolina, Hansbrough was given the nickname "Psycho T" due to his size and aggressive play style, as well as his off the court personality.

In 2008, Hansbrough swept all major individual honors in men's college basketball. For a North Carolina men's player to be eligible to have his jersey retired, he must win at least one of six national player of the year awards: Associated Press, U.S. Basketball Writers Association, National Association of Basketball Coaches, Sporting News, Naismith, and Wooden. Since Hansbrough won all six, he had his number 50 retired during half time against Duke on February 10, 2010.

Professional career

Indiana Pacers (2009-2013)
In 2009, Hansbrough was selected by the Indiana Pacers with the 13th overall pick in the 2009 NBA draft. After the preseason and the first four games of the regular season with an injury to his shin, he made his NBA debut against the Washington Wizards on November 6, 2009. Hansbrough was limited to 29 games in his rookie season due to assorted injuries and an inner ear infection.

In the 2010-2011 season, Hansbrough played in 70 games for the Pacers and started 29. He averaged 11 points and 5.3 rebounds per game. On June 30, 2013, the Pacers tendered a qualifying offer to make Hansbrough a restricted free agent. However, two days later, the Pacers rescinded their qualifying offer to Hansbrough, making him an unrestricted free agent.

Toronto Raptors (2013-15)

Hansbrough signed a two-year deal with the Toronto Raptors on July 15, 2013.

Charlotte Hornets (2015-16)
On July 22, 2015, Hansbrough signed a one-year deal with the Charlotte Hornets.

Fort Wayne Mad Ants (2017)
On March 1, 2017, Hansbrough was acquired by the Fort Wayne Mad Ants of the NBA Development League.

Guangzhou Long-Lions (2017-18)
Hansbrough signed with the Guangzhou Long-Lions of the Chinese Basketball Association on July 26, 2017.

Zhejiang Golden Bulls (2018-19)
In October 2018, Hansbrough signed with the Zhejiang Golden Bulls, returning to China for a second stint.

Sichuan Blue Whales (2019–present)
On November 28, 2019, Hansbrough was reported to have signed with the Sichuan Blue Whales. On December 13, 2019, Hansbrough recorded a career-high 49 points and 22 rebounds in a 108-105 victory over the Jiangsu Dragons.

Career statistics

College statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2005–06
| style="text-align:left;"| North Carolina
| 31 || 30 || 30.4 || .570 || .500 || .739 || 7.8 || 1.3 || 1.2 || .7 || 18.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2006–07
| style="text-align:left;"| North Carolina
| 38 || 38 || 29.9 || .525 || .250 || .768 || 7.9 || 1.2 || 1.1 || .4 || 18.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2007–08
| style="text-align:left;"| North Carolina
| 39 || 39 || 33.0 || .540 || .000 || .806 || 10.2 || .9 || 1.5 || .4 || 22.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2008–09
| style="text-align:left;"| North Carolina
| 34 || 34 || 30.3 || .514 || .391 || .849 || 8.1 || 1.0 || 1.2 || .4 || 20.7
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 142 || 141 || 31.0 || .536 || .316 || .791 || 8.6 || 1.1 || 1.3 || .5 || 20.2

NBA regular season statistics

|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Indiana
| 29 || 1 || 17.6 || .360 || .000 || .743 || 4.8 || 1.0 || .6 || .3 || 8.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Indiana
| 70 || 29 || 21.9 || .465 || .000 || .779 || 5.2 || .6 || .5 || .2 || 11.0
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Indiana
| 66 || 0 || 21.8 || .405 || .000 || .813 || 4.4 || .5 || .8 || .1 || 9.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Indiana
| 81 || 8 || 16.9 || .432 || .000 || .720 || 4.6 || .4 || .4 || .2 || 7.0
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 64 || 4 || 15.3 || .474 || .000 || .681 || 4.5 || .3 || .4 || .3 || 4.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 74 || 8 || 14.3 || .521 || .143 || .698 || 3.6 || .3 || .4 || .2 || 3.6
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Charlotte
| 44 || 0 || 7.8 || .451 || .667 || .585 || 2.0 || .2 || .3 || .2 || 2.4
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 428 || 50 || 16.9 || .439 || .136 || .738 || 4.2 || .4 || .5 || .2 || 6.7

NBA playoff statistics

|-
| align="left" | 2011
| align="left" | Indiana
| 5 || 5 || 32.8 || .333 || .000 || .889 || 5.4 || 1.0 || 1.2 || .0 || 11.2
|-
| align="left" | 2012
| align="left" | Indiana
| 11 || 0 || 14.9 || .340 || .000 || .667 || 3.2 || .5 || .5 || .3 || 4.4
|-
| align="left" | 2013
| align="left" | Indiana
| 19 || 0 || 12.7 || .419 || .000 || .591 || 3.2 || .3 || .3 || .0 || 4.1
|-
| align="left" | 2014
| align="left" | Toronto
| 3 || 0 || 9.7 || .333 || .000 || .833 || 2.0 || .3 || .0 || .0 || 2.3
|-
| align="left" | 2015
| align="left" | Toronto
| 4 || 2 || 12.0 || .200 || .000 || .750 || 1.5 || .8 || .5 || .3 || 1.3
|-
| align="left" | 2016
| align="left" | Charlotte
| 2 || 0 || 3.0 || .000 || .000 || .000 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 44 || 7 || 14.8 || .361 || .000 || .688 || 3.1 || .5 || .4 || .1 || 4.4

G-League regular season statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Fort Wayne
| 13 || 11 || 33.4 || .543 || .333 || .776 || 12.2 || 0.7 || 0.8 || .5 || 17.6
|-

G-League playoff statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2017
| style="text-align:left;"|Fort Wayne
| 3 || 3 || 44.3 || .634 || .000 || .885 || 15.33 || 1.7 || 2.7 || 1.0 || 25.0
|-

CBA career statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2017–18
| style="text-align:left;"|Guangzhou
| 39 || 1 || 26.7 || .591 || .000 || .811 || 9.9 || 0.7 || 1.3 || .6 || 20.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2018–19
| style="text-align:left;"|Zhejiang
| 27 || 15 || 32.0 || .555 || .000 || .790 || 10.9 || 1 || 1.6 || .5 || 20.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2019–20
| style="text-align:left;"|Sichuan
| 17 || 6 || 36.5 || .545 || .143 || .883 || 13.4 || 1.4 || 1.7 || .6 || 32.3
|-

Personal life
Hansbrough's parents, Gene and Tami, are divorced. His father is an orthopedic surgeon, while his mother served as an associate director of development at the UNC School of Dentistry between 2008 and 2012.

Hansbrough and his two brothers, Greg and Ben, have always been close. They formed a special bond when big brother Greg had a brain tumor removed at age eight. Greg, despite being told he would never play organized sports, became the captain of his high school cross-country team, lettered in basketball and by 2011, he had run three marathons and 13 half-marathons.

See also

List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2000 points and 1000 rebounds

References

External links

nba.com profile
NBA D-League profile
North Carolina Tar Heels bio
"A Look Back At The Many Acts of Tyler Hansbrough" at dleague.nba.com

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:All-American college men's basketball players
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Canada
Category:American expatriate basketball people in China
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Basketball players at the 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four
Category:Basketball players at the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four
Category:Basketball players from Missouri
Category:Centers (basketball)
Category:Charlotte Hornets players
Category:Fort Wayne Mad Ants players
Category:Guangzhou Long-Lions players
Category:Indiana Pacers draft picks
Category:Indiana Pacers players
Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans
Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball players
Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Category:People from Poplar Bluff, Missouri
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:Sportspeople from Columbia, Missouri
Category:Toronto Raptors players
Category:Zhejiang Golden Bulls players


Adams (Martian crater)

Adams Crater is an impact  crater in the Cebrenia quadrangle of Mars, located at 31.1°N latitude and 163.0°E longitude. It is 94.9  km in diameter. It was named after Walter Sydney Adams, and the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).

See also
 Climate of Mars
 Geology of Mars
 Impact crater
 List of craters on Mars

References

Category:Cebrenia quadrangle
Category:Impact craters on Mars


Quzlu, Kowsar

Quzlu (, also Romanized as Qūzlū and Qowzlū; also known as Kozli and Kozly) is a village in Zarjabad Rural District, Firuz District, Kowsar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 458, in 111 families.

References

Tageo

Category:Towns and villages in Kowsar County


The Centre (Livingston)

The Centre is the name of a shopping centre in Livingston, Scotland. Formerly known as 'Livingston Regional Centre' before becoming the more widely recognised 'Almondvale Shopping Centre'. It is (as of 2019) the 28th largest shopping centre in the UK.

Origins
The original centre was built in the 1970s by the now defunct Livingston Development Corporation or LDC and was home to smaller independent retailers such as Virgo a fashion store and Coda music up to the larger well known brand names such as WoolCo (which became the now defunct Woolworths) and FineFare (the equally defunct Gateway). The shopping centre was very dark and gave the appearances of an outside mall except it was roofed.

Through time modernizations were made to make it more appealing to shoppers and more upmarket, bringing in more up to date floor tiling, bright lighting and the centres' branding and logos on the walls.

Phase Two
It was decided that a second phase would be built onto the existing frontage of the centre and would incorporate a purpose built supermarket and feature two twin towers one on the front entrance elevation and the other on the side entrance where the new supermarket would be. Phase two opened in 1995 and had bigger well known names such as Iceland, BHS, Vodafone and Boots to name but a few.

Phase Three
The latest extension to the centre in 2008 sees a whole new concept for the now 30-year-old centre, the new addon which was code named The Elements tied in what would be seen as many different elements to give the illusion and overall feel of being outside but yet still being indoors. To achieve this they built a very high glass roof to cover a very widened pathway which felt like a shopping precinct with grey slate like tiles to finish off the effect.

The Elements opened in 2008 and is home to names such as River Island, Next, Debenhams and Marks & Spencer.

The Zones
The Centre is made up of 3 zones:-

 Almondvale Walk (the original 1970s phase one of the shopping centre),
 Almondvale Place (phase two which opened in 1995 and featured the two twin towers at each side of the building)
 Elements Square, the Wintergarden and The Avenue (phase three or The Elements which was opened in 2008).

The Centre is beside Livingston Designer Outlet (formerly McArthur Glen Livingston).

Anchor Stores
The Centre contains three anchor stores - Marks & Spencer, Primark and Debenhams - as well as many other smaller retail units, and the new mall - named Elements Square - has a transparent ETFE roof covering its four shopping avenues.  There is also an internal civic space known as the Wintergarden.

Elements Square is a unique development which provides a feeling of being outdoors whilst protecting its occupants from the vagaries of the weather. Its wide-open avenues and high roof bring a totally new feeling to shopping in Livingston.

The Centre is like a small town, divided into five different zones: Elements Square, Wintergarden, The Avenue, Almondvale Walk and Almondvale Place.

The Centre is situated just off Junction 3 of the M8, between Edinburgh and Glasgow.

Other Stores
Stores include: Marks & Spencer, Debenhams, H.M.V., Waterstone's, Dorothy Perkins, Next, H&M, Primark, Asda, WHSmith, New Look, Argos, Topshop, Topman and Schuh

End Of An Era
In December 2014, The Centre's owners 'Land Securities' sold the shopping centre and associated retail parks to an investment firm 'HSBC Investments' marking the end of a momentous run of 30 plus years for the London-based management firm.

References

External links
The Centre website

Category:Shopping centres in Scotland
Category:Livingston, West Lothian
Category:Buildings and structures in West Lothian
Category:Tourist attractions in West Lothian