Grady Mathews

Grady Mathews (January 3, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas – April 18, 2012), also known as "The Professor", was an American pool player and was the first inductee into the One-Pocket Hall of Fame, in 2004.

Mathews promoted pocket billiards throughout his career, particularly the game of one-pocket. He was the creator of the Legends of One-Pocket tournament series and promoter of many other tournaments. In addition to success at the table, he has been a technical advisor to movie producers, a regular commentator on pool matches taped by Accu-Stats Video Productions, a producer of billiard instructional video tapes, and a pool journalist and author.  He was also a notable instructor and coach.

He lived in Columbia, South Carolina and managed his pool room, Grady's Billiards. He is survived by two children, Marie and Grady IV. Marie lives in Tampa with her children, and is pursuing a doctoral degree. His son Grady IV is finishing his PhD in Engineering at the University of South Carolina. Mathews continued to compete professionally, as well as putting on exhibitions, pool clinics, and private lessons throughout the United States until he was diagnosed with cancer in 2011.  He died April 18, 2012.

Early life

Mathews took up pool in the late 1950s while living in California.  When he was 14 years old in San Mateo, Mathews began playing pool at a local bowling alley.  When he reached 18, he commuted to nearby San Francisco to watch great pool players of this era, claiming it was very important to watch the game being played by those who know how.  He took his game on the road in the 1960s and graduated to become a top player in straight pool, nine-ball, one-pocket, and bank pool.  Straight pool was the game played in most American tournaments before the 1960s, but when television broadcast came to the fore, the shorter game of nine-ball replaced straight pool, and a professional player was required to play all games to survive.  The era of straight pool played with clay or mud balls on 5-by-10 tables was replaced by the 4½-by-9's and the plastic balls that are commonly used today.

Over the next 35 years, Mathews captured several major titles in the four forms of the game, although he is best known for his successes in one-pocket.

Professional career

At the 1984 Busch Open Nine-Ball at Miller Time Billiards in Moline, Illinois, Mathews captured the first-place prize monies as well as a Brunswick Gold Crown pool table, defeating Howard Vickery in the finals.

In December 2005, Grady Mathews competed in the International Pool Tour King of the Hill Shootout in Orlando, Florida, an invitational event consisting of 43 pool players with accomplishments in the discipline of pocket billiards, and was a member of the International Pool Tour.

Mathews, considered a veteran in the pocket billiards industry, promoted and produced the following pool tournaments:

 1983 All Around Pocket Billiards Open, (Tampa, Florida)
 1985 Motor City Open, (Detroit, Michigan)
 1990 and 1991, Legends of One-Pocket Championship, (Columbia, South Carolina)
 1991 Legends of One-Pocket Championship, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
 1993 Legends of One-Pocket Championship, (Reno, Nevada)
 1994 Legends of One-Pocket Championship, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
 1995 The Maine Event 14.1 Championship, (Portland, Maine)
 1995 Legends of One-Pocket Championship, (Olathe, Kansas)
 1995 Back Pocket Nine-Ball Open, (Hampton, Virginia)
 1998 Legends of One-Pocket Championship, (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)
 1999 World One-pocket Championship, (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)
 1999 Seniors Nine-ball Championship, (Portland, Maine)
 2000 World One-Pocket Championship, (Portland, Maine)
 2003 Seniors Nine-ball Championship, (Naples, Florida)
 2004 Gulf Coast Classic, (Gulfport, Mississippi)

Mathews is also well known for his work as a commentator on numerous matches recorded by Accu-Stats Video Productions, and has produced many of his own instructional videos providing strategies that have made Mathews "the most feared one-pocket player in the world.  Up until his death, he wrote a monthly instruction column for InsidePOOL Magazine and has been a contributing writer to other pool periodicals such as Billiards Digest, 1984-1987, The Snap Magazine, 1989-1991, and The National Billiard News.

Filmography

In 1986, Mathews played the character "Dud" with Paul Newman and Tom Cruise in Martin Scorsese's Academy Award-winning film The Color of Money, loosely based on the novel by Walter Tevis (the sequel to The Hustler).

Titles

1983 Red's Open One-pocket (Houston, Texas)
1984 World One-pocket
1984 River City Open One-pocket (Austin, Texas)
1984 Busch World Nine-ball (Moline, Illinois)
1985 Red's Open One-pocket (Houston, Texas)
1995 Legends of One-pocket (Olathe, Kansas)

References

http://www.insidepoolmag.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20050205215619/http://www.azbilliards.com/thepros/showtitles.cfm?playernum=139
http://www.accu-stats.com

Category:American pool players
Category:1943 births
Category:2012 deaths


Alvis Stalwart

The Stalwart, formally classified by the British Army as Truck, High Mobility Load Carrier (HMLC), 5 Ton, 6 x 6, Alvis/Stalwart and informally known by servicemen as the Stolly, is a highly mobile amphibious military truck built by Alvis that served with the British Army from 1966 until 1992.

History
The Stalwart was a private venture by Alvis that was adopted and entered service with the British Army in 1966 as a general transport truck in preference to the FV431, the load carrier variant of the FV430 series. It was one of the same line of vehicles that included the Alvis Saracen, Saladin and Salamander. The high mobility and amphibious capabilities were considered ideal for resupplying units in the field, particularly those of the British Army of the Rhine.

Design
The hull is the vehicle chassis, the engine is situated under the load deck in the rear of the hull and the gearboxes with differentials and transfer boxes forward of this. The load deck is open-topped with large drop down panels on either side. Waterproof seals ensure that these will not leak when in the water. The three-person cab has the driver's position in the centre and a seat for a passenger on either side. The cab can only be entered through roof hatches.

The Stalwart can carry 5 tonnes of stores, or tow 10 tonnes.

In the water it can be driven at about 6 knots by vectored thrust water-jet propulsion units.

The drive system, which includes the all-wheel drive, multiple gearboxes, and the water propulsion units, is complex and needed a lot of maintenance. When the amphibious qualities became unnecessary, it was common for the water jets to be removed to reduce weight and maintenance.

The Stalwart's over-terrain capabilities come from the fact that the six-wheel-drive system lacks differentials, using simple bevel gears to transmit drive. A centre mounted no-spin differential allows a certain amount of slip between the two sets of wheels on each side of the vehicle on hard surfaces, but there is no allowance for rotational speed differences between front and rear. The centre no-spin unit allows the wheels on either side of the vehicle with most grip to drive when off-road. This has the effect of making the vehicle appear to crab (move from side to side) when negotiating muddy conditions, thus making the Stalwart a true six-wheel-drive vehicle, with three wheels locked together and turning at the same speed.

However, this system causes "wind up" in the transmission (inter-component stress) as all the wheels are forced to rotate at the same speed, which during cornering is impossible. This led to rapid wear and breakage of the tracta joints within the drive train. If the vehicle was used on firm surfaces, such as tarmac or concrete – in off-road conditions, the natural 'slip' of a loose surface, such as mud or gravel reduced wind up. This problem is of special concern for modern-day Stalwart owners – to get a vehicle to a show requires moving it by low-loader or driving it on the road, risking damage to the transmission. Alternatively, the front and rear driveshafts can be removed, eliminating wind up at the expense of off-road capability.

During military use, the problem of transmission wind up was solved by laying out railway sleepers (railroad ties) in a grid on flat ground and driving over them on long road moves; this allowed the transmission to unwind. On more than one occasion, servicemen drove Stalwarts into car parks and used the kerbstones separating parking bays for the same purpose. Another problem with the transmission was that the vehicle was designed to be driven loaded. Driving the vehicle unloaded caused increased wear on the drivelines to the wheels as a result of the increased angle of mesh of the joints.

Variants
FV620
Stalwart Mk 1 load carrier

FV622
Stalwart Mk 2 load carrier. This had a two-man crew although a third seat could be fitted to the right of the driver as a field modification. It could also carry 38 fully equipped troops or the Gloster SARO bulk refueling pack as alternatives to the five tonnes of cargo. The jet drive units in all the Mk 2 variants were much more efficient, giving a claimed 9 knots.

The most obvious visible difference between Mk 1 and Mk 2 variants is that the lower edges of the cab windows were now angled downwards rather than horizontal. This was to improve visibility at close-range, particularly when being marshalled by a banksman standing nearby.
A total of 970 Mk 2 FV622, FV623 and FV624 Stalwarts were produced, of which the British Army purchased 946, with 24 sold to other countries.

FV623
Stalwart Mk 2 limber. An artillery ammunition supply vehicle for the Abbot self-propelled gun. There was an extra seat in the cab for the crane operator plus four rear-mounted seats for a seven-man crew. An Atlas 3001/66 hydraulic crane capable of lifting three tons was added to the cargo area to lift palletised loads of ammunition. The rear crew folding seats were separated from the main cargo area by a wooden divider, and protected from inclement weather by two folding PVC hoods on metal hoops.
A total of 269 Mk 2 Stalwart limbers were produced.

FV624
Stalwart Mk 2 REME fitters' vehicle, based on the Mk 2 Stalwart. Two extra rear-mounted seats were added to the main cargo area for a four-man crew. An Atlas 3001 hydraulic crane capable of lifting three tons was added to the cargo area. This differed from that of the FV623 variant by having hydraulic anti-creep check valves fitted. This modified crane was more stable (and safer) for lifting and holding engine, transmission, and other heavy equipment whilst manoeuvring them into position.
A total of 60 Mk 2 Stalwart fitters' vehicles were produced.

Operators

Military operators

 - Austrian Army Pioneers (flood relief): 3 Mk2. (1967).
 - Italian Army (flood relief): 1 Mk1 (1964)
 - Bundeswehr: 1 Mk1, 2 Mk2. (1965).
 - Sri Lanka Army: 5 Refurbished Swedish Mk2 models (1985)
 - Swedish Coastal Artillery: 2 pre-production, 6 Mk1 - fitted with a Foco 1.5 ton crane and an externally-mounted Boughton 10 ton winch 'Amfibiebil 101' (1962), 18 Mk2 - 'Amfibiebil 101c'.
 - British Army: 125 Mk1 ordered 1962 (delivered 1963), 946 Mk2 (delivered between 1966-1971)

Civil operators
 - Berliet: 2 Mk1, later to be transferred to the Saumur Tank Museum, France (1965)
 - Korea Oceanographic Research and Development Institute: 1 refurbished Swedish Mk2 model (1989)
 - Bangkok International Airport: 1 Mk2.
 - British Petroleum (oil terminal anti-pollution): 1 pre-production, 1 other.

Private ownership

Stalwarts in popular culture

In the media
Captain Tankboy uses an Alvis Stalwart FV622 as his Battle Truck in the TV show, Tankboy TV (2009).
A Stalwart FV623 Series 2 was featured in Children of Men (2006).
 An Alvis Stalwart FV622 was used in Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life (2003).
 An Alvis Stalwart was also used in an episode of SeaQuest DSV (1993-1996).
 An Alvis Stalwart was also used in an episode of Bugs (1995-1999).
 An Alvis Stalwart FV622 was used in Reign of Fire (2002).
 An Alvis Stalwart FV622 with a modified payload compartment appears briefly in the opening of the 2-hour pilot episode of Firefly (known as "Serenity") during a night battle scene. Firefly (2002-2003).
 A Mk2 Stalwart (registration NOP 225F) and two Alvis Saracens are featured in Altern8's video for "E-Vapor-8", which reached #6 in the UK pop charts in 1992.
 An Alvis Stalwart is used in the fourth Modesty Blaise novel (A Taste for Death) by the characters to escape from the Roman city of Mus and cross the Sahara to the North African coast (1969).
 A modified Alvis Stalwart was used as a "bug out vehicle" in The Grand Tour - series 1 episode 9 (2017).

Scale models
 In 1966, Matchbox released a die-cast model (#61) in the 1-75 series.
 In 1967, Solido released a 1:50 die-cast model (Ref.214) of the "Berliet Aurochs", French version of the Stalwart.
 In 1971, Airfix released a 1:32 "Ready Made" assembled plastic model.
 In 1972, Dinky Toys released a 1:60 die-cast model, Ref 682.
 In 2012, S&M Models released 1:76 injection-moulded plastic model kits of the FV620, FV622 and FV623.
 In 2017, Ace Models released a 1:72 injection-moulded plastic model kit of the FV622.

See also
Salvage Squad

Notes and references

Further reading
 Gander, Terry Encyclopaedia of the Modern British Army (Patrick Stephens Limited (PSL), 1st Edition (1980) , 2nd Edition (1982) , 3rd Edition (1986)

User Handbook for TRUCK, HIGH MOBILITY LOAD CARRIER (HMLC), 5 TON, 6 x 6, ALVIS/STALWART MK1 AND MK2 1968. Army Code No: 22156
Servicing Schedule for TRUCK, HIGH MOBILITY LOAD CARRIER (HMLC), 5 TON, 6 x 6, ALVIS/STALWART. Army Code No: 60281
Complete Equipment Schedule (CES) for TRUCK, CARGO, HMLC, 5 TON, 6 x 6, MK 1 ALVIS STALWART; TRUCK, CARGO, HMLC, FFR, 5 TON, 6 x 6, MK 1 ALVIS STALWART. Army Code No: 33749 (Aug. 1988)
Complete Equipment Schedule (CES) for TRUCK, CARGO, HMLC, W/WINCH, 5 TON, 6 x 6, MK 2 ALVIS STALWART; TRUCK, CARGO, HMLC, FFR, W/WINCH, 5 TON, 6 x 6, MK 2 ALVIS STALWART. Army Code No: 34153 (Feb. 1987)
Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Regulations (EMER) for TRUCK, HIGH MOBILITY LOAD CARRIER (HMLC), 5 TON, 6 x 6, ALVIS/STALWART
Technical Description. V 642
Unit Repairs. V 643
Field Repairs. V 644
Lead-acid Secondary Batteries, unit care and maintenance. J 318
Secondary Batteries, Field and Base maintenance and repair. J 330
B Series Engines. S 522
B81 Engines. S 522/4

External links

Inside the Chieftain's Hatch: FV622 Stalwart MkII

Category:Military trucks of the United Kingdom
Category:Cold War armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom
Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s
Category:Amphibious military vehicles
Category:Wheeled amphibious vehicles
Category:Off-road vehicles
Stalwart
Category:Six-wheel drive


School Certificate

The School Certificate was a qualification issued by the Board of Studies, New South Wales, typically at the end of Year 10. The successful completion of the School Certificate was a requirement for completion of the Higher School Certificate. The School Certificate was issued for the last time in 2011. It has been replaced with the RoSA (Record of School Achievement)

Tests
To receive the School Certificate, students were required to sit for the School Certificate tests. There were five tests:
English-literacy
Mathematics
Science
Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship
Computing Skills

In 2011, the School Certificate commenced from Monday, 7 November to Wednesday, 9 November.

Requirements
Each student was required to study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography and Australian Civics and Citizenship and Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PD/H/PE) every year in Years 7-10. Each course was also supposed to include a degree of computer use, so students became familiar with that technology.

At some time during Years 7-10 students must have studied courses in Creative Arts (Visual Arts and Music), Technology and Applied Studies and a Language Other Than English.

The student may also have completed a number of additional studies (electives). These additional studies were required to be completed in a number of hours, as defined by the Board of Studies. A student had a choice of these additional studies according to the courses which were available at their school. For a complete list see here.

Review and abolition
In his 1997 report "Shaping their future",  Professor Barry McGaw was highly critical of the School Certificate.  His report noted several deficiencies in the School Certificate, including:

 The lack of preparedness of many students for Year 11 and 12
 The apparent lack of challenge posed by Year 10 studies for more able students
 The ‘low stakes’ nature of the external assessment where students were not accountable for their own individual results
 Perceptions that the timing of external examinations in the middle of Year 10 has lessened the significance of subsequent Year 10 studies
 Concerns about a perceived discontinuity between junior and senior secondary school studies.

Professor McGaw recommended that the School Certificate be abolished and replaced, for students leaving school, with a statement of achievement which would include each student’s results on statewide tests in literacy and numeracy as well as school-based results in all courses completed in Year 10.

Despite Professor McGaw's recommendations, the New South Wales government remained committed to the School Certificate, though major changes were made to its structure and timing in order to address some of the concerns listed above.

The disparity between the recommendations of the McGaw report and the actions taken by the New South Wales government led to frequent rumours and press reports of the ultimate abolition of the School Certificate. However, the NSW Government remained committed to the School Certificate for several years. In 2010, the New South Wales Government asked the Board of Studies to review the School Certificate as part of the changes to the school leaving age in New South Wales and also the development of a national curriculum. The NSW Government  announced the abolition of the School Certificate after 2011, with students in year 10 that year being the final cohort to sit the external examinations and receive the qualification.

References

External links
Board of Studies NSW
Securing their Future: The New South Wales Government's response to the McGaw report

Category:Education in New South Wales
Category:School qualifications
Category:Australian Certificate of Education


Gagge Point

Gagge Point () is the southern extremity of Lavoisier Island, Biscoe Islands. It was mapped from air photos obtained by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Adolph P. Gagge, an American physiologist who has specialized in the reactions of the human body to cold environments.

References

Category:Headlands of the Biscoe Islands


Bühlmann decompression algorithm

The Bühlmann decompression algorithm is a mathematical model (algorithm) of the way in which inert gases enter and leave the human body as the ambient pressure changes. Versions are used to create Bühlmann decompression tables and in personal dive computers to compute no-decompression limits and decompression schedules for dives in real-time. These decompression tables allow divers to plan the depth and duration for dives and the required decompression stops.

The algorithm was developed by Swiss physician Dr. Albert A. Bühlmann, who did research into decompression theory at the Laboratory of Hyperbaric Physiology at the University Hospital in Zürich, Switzerland.
The results of Bühlmann's research that began in 1959 were published in a 1983 German book whose English translation was entitled Decompression-Decompression Sickness. The book was regarded as the most complete public reference on decompression calculations and was used soon after in dive computer algorithms.

The model assumes perfusion limited gas exchange and multiple parallel tissue compartments and uses an inverse exponential model for in-gassing and out-gassing, both of which are assumed to occur in the dissolved phase (without bubble formation).

Principles
Building on the previous work of John Scott Haldane and Robert Workman, and working off funding from Shell Oil Company, Bühlmann designed studies to establish the longest half-times of nitrogen and helium in human tissues. These studies were confirmed by the Capshell experiments in the Mediterranean Sea in 1966.

Versions
Several versions of the Bühlmann algorithm have been developed, both by Bühlmann and by later workers. The naming convention used to identify the algorithms is a code starting ZH-L, from Zürich (ZH), limits (L) followed by the number of tissue compartments, and other unique identifiers.
For example:
 ZHL-16 or ZH-L16A: The original 16 compartment algorithm (no conservatism at all).
 ZHL-16B: The 16 compartment algorithm modified for dive table production, using slightly more conservative “a” values, mainly in the middle compartments. Recently used in dive computers with high performance processor units, is it more flexible (especially in tech dives) compared to the ZHL16C
 ZHL-16C:The 16 compartment algorithm with further modification to the middle and faster “a” values, intended for use in dive computers as a "package". It can be used with almost all low-level processor units but it is less flexible compared to the ZHL16B.
 ZHL-8: A version using a reduced number of tissue compartments to reduce the computational load for personal dive computers.
 ZHL-8 ADT: 8-compartment adaptive model used by Uwatec. This model may reduce the no-stop limit or require the diver to complete a compensatory decompression stop after an ascent rate violation, high work level during the dive, or low water temperature. This algorithm is used in computers which can accurately monitor air consumption and instantaneous rate of air consumption to model work load (exertion) via changes in the rate of gas consumption, which allows plausible modelling of additional decompression obligation based on exertion at depth. It also monitors ambient temperature and selects the choice of risk tissue accordingly. This results in earlier and longer decompression requirements in colder water.
 ZHL-8 ADT MB: A version of the ZHL-8 ADT claimed to suppress microbubble formation.
 ZHL–8 ADT MB PDIS: Profile-Determined Intermediate Stops.
 ZHL-8 ADT MB PMG: Predictive Multi-Gas.
 ZHL-16 ADT DD: 16-compartment adaptive model used by Uwatec for their trimix-enabled computers. Modified in the middle compartments from the original ZHL-C, is adaptive to diver workload and includes Profile-Determined Intermediate Stops. Profile modification is by means of "MB Levels", personal option conservatism settings, which are not defined in the manual.
 ZHL-12

Tables
Max Hahn first used Bühlmann's algorithm to develop dive tables for the Swiss Underwater Sport Association. In 1987, the SAA Bühlmann System was developed by Bob Cole. This system used the dive tables and a set of rules so that people could dive safely and stay below their no-decompression limit. The tables are still used today and are very popular; many dive computers still use the ZHL-8 algorithm and many tables are based on the ZHL-16 algorithm or derivatives. These calculations also include considerations for repetitive and altitude diving.

References

Further reading

External links
Many articles on the Bühlmann tables are available on the web.
 – Detailed background and worked examples
 Decompression Theory: Robert Workman and Prof A Bühlmann. An overview of the history of Bühlmann tables
 Stuart Morrison: DIY Decompression (2000). Works through the steps involved in using Bühlmann's ZH-L16 algorithm to write a decompression program.

Category:Decompression algorithms


Weesperkarspel

Weesperkarspel is a former municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It existed from 1811 to 1966, when part of it was merged with Amsterdam as the location for development of the Bijlmermeer neighborhood in what was to eventually become the city's Zuidoost (southeastern) borough. Meanwhile, the parts east of the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal were merged with Weesp and Naarden. It has a population of 1,062 in 1811 and 1,693 in 1876.

References

External links
 Map of the former municipality, around 1868.

Category:Former municipalities of North Holland


Pashons

Pashons (, ), also known as Pachon (, Pakhṓn) and Bachans (, Bashans), is the ninth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lasts between May 9 and June 7 of the Gregorian calendar. The month of Pashons is also the first month of the Season of Shemu (Harvest) in Ancient Egypt, when the Egyptians harvest their crops throughout the land.

Name
The name of the month of Pashons comes from Khonsu, a deity of the moon or of the Theban trinity and the son of Amun-Ra and Mut.

Coptic Synaxarium of the month of Pashons

References

Citations

Bibliography
 Synaxarium of the month of Bashans

Category:Months of the Coptic calendar
Category:Egyptian calendar


Krux

Krux is a Swedish doom metal band, created by Leif Edling after Candlemass fell apart for the second time preceding their reunion tour.

Members
 Leif Edling - bass (since 2002)
 Mats Levén - vocals (since 2002)
 Peter Stjärnvind - drums (since 2002)
 Jörgen Sandström - guitars (since 2002)
 Fredrik Åkesson - guitars (since 2002)
 Carl Westholm - keyboards (since 2002)

Discography
 Krux (2003)
 Krux: Live (DVD, 2003)
 II (2006)
 III: He Who Sleeps Amongst The Stars (2011)

External links
 Official homepage
 Official myspace

Category:Swedish doom metal musical groups
Category:Musical groups established in 2002
Category:2002 establishments in Sweden


East Kikori Rural LLG

East Kikori Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea.

Wards
01. Negebare
02. Tobare
03. Sera
04. Omo
05. Kabarau
06. Irimuku
07. Morere
08. Ero
09. Veraibari
10. Kivaumai
11. Morovamu
12. Wowoubo
13. Waitari
14. Nahoromere
15. Era Maipua

References

Category:Local-level governments of Gulf Province


Luciano Quadros

Luciano Quadros da Silva  ( Luciano Quadros, born April 10, 1974 in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), simply known as Luciano Quadros, is a Brazilian football manager and former football goalkeeper.

Career statistics

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Porto Alegre
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:Brazilian football managers
Category:Brazil international footballers
Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Hong Kong
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Category:Hong Kong First Division League players
Category:Sport Club Internacional players
Category:Paysandu Sport Club players
Category:Tuna Luso Brasileira players
Category:Clube do Remo players
Category:Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
Category:União São João Esporte Clube players
Category:Esporte Clube XV de Novembro (Piracicaba) players
Category:Eastern Sports Club footballers
Category:Kitchee SC players
Category:Grêmio Catanduvense de Futebol players
Category:Associação Ferroviária de Esportes players
Category:Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos) players
Category:Clube Atlético Linense managers
Category:Audax Rio de Janeiro Esporte Clube managers
Category:Marília Atlético Clube managers
Category:Grêmio Osasco Audax Esporte Clube managers
Category:Sampaio Corrêa Futebol e Esporte managers
Category:Associação Desportiva Cabofriense managers
Category:Clube Atlético Taboão da Serra managers
Category:Bonsucesso Futebol Clube managers
Category:Hong Kong League XI representative players


Blue-moustached bee-eater

The blue-moustached bee-eater (Merops mentalis) is a species of bird in the family Meropidae.
It is found in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.

The blue-moustached bee-eater is a rainforest bird usually found singly. It perches on a high branch in the canopy beside tracks and clearings and swoops down on small butterflies, honeybees and other insects before returning to its original perch.

References

blue-moustached bee-eater
Category:Birds of the Gulf of Guinea
Category:Birds of West Africa
blue-moustached bee-eater


Transport in Penang

The State of Penang in Malaysia, home to the country's second largest city as well as part of Malaysia's second most populous conurbation, has a relatively well-developed transport infrastructure. The city-state is well-connected by land, air and sea; the Penang International Airport is one of Malaysia's busiest, while the Port of Penang is the main harbour and transshipment hub within northern Malaysia. The North–South Expressway, the main highway along western Peninsular Malaysia, runs through Penang, while the two geographically separate halves of the state are now linked by two bridges and a ferry service.

Within the state, Rapid Penang forms the backbone of urban public transport, with public bus services throughout the Greater Penang Conurbation (including towards the neighbouring states of Kedah and Perak). In addition, Penang boasts the only operational funicular railway system in Malaysia – the Penang Hill Railway.

In recent years, however, traffic congestion has become increasingly frequent around the capital city, George Town, leading to current efforts to improve and introduce newer forms of public transport in the state.

History

Roads
The first roads in the capital city of Penang, George Town, were created in 1786, soon after its founding by Captain Francis Light. Light Street, named after Light himself, was the first street to be laid out. By the end of the 18th century, the original settlement of George Town was bounded by four streets – Light Street, Beach Street, Chulia Street and Pitt Street.

Public transport

George Town was the first British settlement in Malaya. Thus, the city served as a testbed for the relatively novel forms of transport during the colonial era, and, by the early 20th century, could boast the best public transport of all cities in Malaya.
One of the earliest modes of transport in Penang was the horse hackney carriage, which was widely used between the late 18th century until 1935. By then, the rickshaw (jinriksha) and later the trishaw, also known locally as beca in Malay, became popular. To this day, the trishaw, an icon synonymous with colonial Penang, is still in use in George Town, albeit mostly for sightseeing rides by tourists.

Other famous modes of urban public transport in colonial Penang were trams and trolleybuses. The first steam tramway commenced operations in the 1880s, making George Town the first city in Malaya to be equipped with trams. Electrical trams were also introduced in 1905. Meanwhile, Penang's first trolleybus was launched in 1925. Trolleybuses soon supplanted the trams and remained popular until the post-war years.

In 1961, George Town's trolleybus system was discontinued. Henceforth, Penang's urban public transport system came to be dominated by regular public buses.

However, the public bus services, which were operated by a number of competing private companies, were deemed unsatisfactory. Following the collapse of Penang's public bus services in 2004, the Malaysian federal government intervened by tasking Prasarana, a government-linked firm, to take over the state's ailing public transport system. As a result, Rapid Penang was launched in 2007.

Seaport
George Town was intended by the British as an entrepôt, and for much of its history, its harbour facilities along the Penang Strait had contributed to the growth of the Port of Penang as one of the main harbours in British Malaya, aside from the Port of Singapore. By the early 20th century, the Port of Penang had become a major transshipment hub in Malaya, funneling exports which had bypassed other regional ports and channeling for export some of the major Malayan commodities, including spices, rubber and tin.

However, the role of the Port of Penang has greatly diminished since the revocation of Penang Island's free port status in 1969; the concurrent development of Port Klang near Kuala Lumpur further reduced the Port of Penang's trade volume. In 1974, much of the Port of Penang was relocated to Butterworth on mainland Seberang Perai.

Penang is also home to the oldest ferry service in Malaysia. Launched in 1894, it became the first cross-strait transport link between Penang Island and mainland Seberang Perai; for many decades, it was also the only form of cross-strait transport until the opening of the Penang Bridge in 1985. This shuttle ferry service was rebranded as Rapid Ferry in 2017.

Airport
The Penang International Airport in Bayan Lepas was completed in 1935, becoming the first civilian airport in British Malaya. The first flight into the airport by a local airliner, Wearne's Air Service (WAS), was launched in 1937, linking Penang with its fellow Straits Settlement, Singapore.

Since then, the airport has been renovated twice; originally named the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was given its present name in the 1970s.

Land transport

Rail

Penang has about  of rail track within its borders. The Malayan Railway's West Coast Line runs through Seberang Perai, with the Butterworth railway station serving as the main railway station in northern Malaysia, due to its transport links to Penang Island. The other major train stations within Seberang Perai include Bukit Mertajam and Nibong Tebal.

Aside from the regular Malayan Railway services along the western states of Peninsular Malaysia and into Singapore, the Butterworth railway station is the southernmost terminus of the State Railway of Thailand's Southern Line (via Padang Besar) and the International Express from Bangkok. Notably, the train station is also one of the main stops of the Eastern and Oriental Express service between Bangkok and Singapore.

Trains are not a popular mode of transport due to their low speed and the availability of express interstate buses which are more convenient, as well as the high rates of car ownership amongst Penangites.

Bridges

Penang Island is connected to the mainland via two cross-strait bridges - the Penang Bridge and the Second Penang Bridge. The older Penang Bridge, opened in 1985, is  long, linking Gelugor on Penang Island with Perai on mainland Seberang Perai. Further south is the  long Second Penang Bridge, which runs between Batu Maung on the island and Batu Kawan on the mainland. Completed in 2014, it supersedes the older first bridge as the longest bridge in Southeast Asia.

Roads and expressways
The North–South Expressway, a  expressway through western Peninsular Malaysia, runs through Seberang Perai. After exiting either one of both bridges, commuters can directly use the expressway to get to the other major cities and towns along western Peninsular Malaysia.

The Butterworth Outer Ring Road (BORR) is a  tolled expressway that primarily serves Butterworth, Perai and Seberang Jaya to ameliorate the upsurge in vehicular traffic due to the intense urban and industrial development.

On Penang Island, the Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway stretches along the eastern coast of the island between George Town and Batu Maung to the south, passing through the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone and the suburbs of Jelutong and Gelugor. A bypass also links the expressway with the Penang Bridge. Other than that, the Federal Route 6 is a winding trunk road that circles Penang Island, hugging the island's coastline to connect, in clockwise direction, George Town, Bayan Lepas, Balik Pulau and Teluk Bahang.

The Penang Middle Ring Road, which is composed of Scotland Road, Green Lane and Jalan Tengku Kudin, is an important ring road within George Town, allowing vehicular traffic to bypass the busier roads within the city centre.

Public transport

Transit buses

Public transit buses, now solely run by Rapid Penang, remain the main mode of urban public transport system within Penang. , Rapid Penang operates a fleet of 406 buses and 56 routes throughout the Greater Penang Conurbation, including routes into neighbouring Kedah and Perak. 30 of the 56 routes are within Penang Island, with a handful of these pan-island routes equipped with double-decker buses as well. Also among the routes are free-of-charge services, such as the Central Area Transit, the Congestion Alleviation Transport and the Pulau Tikus Loop.

Recently, open-air double-decker buses, known as Hop-On Hop-Off buses, have been introduced for tourists in George Town.

Rapid Penang usage has seen an increase from a lowly 30,000 commuters a day in 2007 to 96,000 commuters a day in 2017. Annually, Rapid Penang ridership has fluctuated somewhat, reaching a peak of 31.1 million in 2011.

Penang Hill funicular

The Penang Hill Railway, a funicular railway to the peak of Penang Hill, is the only such system still in operation in Malaysia. Completed in 1923, it was considered an engineering feat of sorts at the time. The railway underwent an extensive upgrading in 2010 and was reopened in early 2011. It now serves visitors travelling up the Penang Hill, providing quick and direct access to the hill's peak.

, the number of passengers of the funicular railway reached 1.365 million.

Express interstate buses

Penang has two main interstate express bus terminals - Penang Sentral in Butterworth and the Sungai Nibong terminal on Penang Island. These two terminals handle interstate express bus operations into and out of Penang, catering to local and foreign passengers heading towards other states within Peninsular Malaysia, and into Singapore and southern Thailand.

Cycling

In recent years, the Penang state government, in collaboration with the Penang Island City Council, has stepped up initiatives to make George Town a cyclist-friendly city. These efforts, which are part of the wider efforts to reduce traffic congestion and elevate the city's liveability standards, include the creation of cycling paths and the implementation of bicycle rental services.

, a  long cycling track between Komtar and Queensbay Mall has been completed as part of a planned  long network of cycling paths throughout George Town. The Penang Island City Council has also funded a bicycle-rental service, LinkBike, which was launched in 2016. This service requires the use of smartphones to rent a bicycle at any of the 25 electronically-operated stations within George Town.

In addition to LinkBike, a number of private companies have also offered bicycle rental services for use within George Town's UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Taxis and private ride hailing services
Taxis in Penang have not conformed to the meter system as exhorted by the federal authorities, citing unprofitability. A new ruling implemented on August 1, 2006 makes it compulsory for taxis to use the meter system. Although taxi drivers have been repeatedly warned by the Penang state government and the Commercial Vehicle Licensing Board (CVLB), the meter system is still not adhered to by taxi drivers in Penang.

In 2015, Uber launched services in Penang, one of the first metropolitan areas in Malaysia to allow such a service. A similar service, Grab, followed suit in 2016. These ride-hailing services have provided cheaper and safer alternatives for Penangites and tourists alike. In 2017, Uber revealed that Penang was its fastest growing market in Malaysia, with "thousands of drivers" and over 100,000 users within the state. Of the local users, 28% commuted to work daily with Uber and 20 percent utilised the application for weekend trips within Penang.

Air transport
Penang International Airport (IATA: PEN, ICAO: WMKP) is located in Bayan Lepas near the southeastern tip of Penang Island,  south of George Town. The airport serves as the main gateway to the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia, offering frequent, direct flights with several major Asian cities including Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Kunming and Taipei.

In 2015, 6.26 million visitors transited through Penang International Airport, making it the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic, behind only Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport.

Some of the international carriers operating at Penang International Airport include SilkAir (a subsidiary of Singapore Airlines), Singapore-based Tiger Airways, Jetstar Asia Airways, Lion Air, Sriwijaya Air, Wings Air, Thai Airways International, Hong Kong-based Cathay Dragon, Taiwan-based China Airlines, and China Southern Airlines and Citilink Indonesia. In addition, the airport serves as one of the main hubs of the Malaysian low-cost airline, Firefly, and one of the secondary hubs of its domestic rival, AirAsia.

The airport also serves as an important cargo hub due to the presence of several multinational factories in the Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone, as well as catering to the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. , it handled 153,703 tonnes of cargo, the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports.

Sea transport
The Port of Penang, operated by the Penang Port Commission, is the main harbour and transshipment hub in northern Malaysia. The Port comprises seven facilities, with six of them on mainland Seberang Perai, including the North Butterworth Container Terminal, Butterworth Deep Water Wharves and the Prai Bulk Cargo Terminal.

Even though Penang's maritime trade volume has diminished over the recent decades due to the loss of George Town's free port status and the development of Port Klang, the Port still plays an important role for northern Malaysia, as it links Penang with more than 200 ports worldwide. , the Port of Penang handled over 1.44 million TEUs of cargo, making it the third busiest seaport in Malaysia by trade volume. The Port's strategic location enabled it to service not just northern Peninsular Malaysia, but also southern Thailand.

The Port of Penang is well-connected via rail and expressways. It is linked via the Malayan Railway's West Coast Line and the North–South Expressway to the rest of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and southern Thailand. In addition, it is located close to the Penang Bridge and the Second Penang Bridge, allowing for the transport of goods to and from the factories in Bayan Lepas.

Meanwhile, the only Port facility on Penang Island, Swettenham Pier in George Town, now accommodates cruise ships, making it one of the main entry points into the state. This makes cruise tourism a major component of tourist arrivals into Penang, other than airport arrivals. , Swettenham Pier recorded 1.35 million tourist arrivals, thereby surpassing Port Klang as the busiest port-of-call in Malaysia for cruise shipping. The pier has also attracted some of the world's biggest cruise liners, such as the RMS Queen Mary 2. A handful of cruise ships call Swettenham Pier as their homeport, bringing tourists into and out of George Town towards regional destinations like Phuket and Singapore.

Occasionally, Swettenham Pier hosts warships as well, including those from Singapore, Thailand and the United States.

The cross-strait Rapid Ferry service provides a direct connection between George Town and Butterworth, and was the only link between Penang Island and the mainland until the completion of the Penang Bridge in 1985. At the time of writing, six ferries sail across the Penang Strait between George Town and Butterworth daily.

Ongoing efforts and future proposals

Penang Sentral

, the construction of Penang Sentral, a major transport hub in Butterworth along the lines of KL Sentral, is ongoing. Located adjacent to both the Butterworth railway station and Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal, it is intended to house the termini for ferry, bus (both public transit and interstate express buses) and train services within Penang under one roof, and was mooted as Penang's answer to the monolithic Kuala Lumpur Sentral. The first phase of the project, which includes the ticketing facilities for the various transport services, is scheduled for completion in 2017.

Penang Transport Master Plan
The Penang state government has drawn up plans to bring in more rail-based transport systems throughout Penang. The Penang Transport Master Plan envisages the following long-term solutions to counter the state's worsening traffic congestion, which is compounded by Penang's abnormally high vehicle ownership rate and the state's limited space for urban development.
 A Light Rail Transit line between George Town and Bayan Lepas
 Two monorail lines that connect George Town with Air Itam, Paya Terubong and Tanjung Tokong
 A tram line limited to within George Town's UNESCO World Heritage Site
 Cross-strait cable car line linking Komtar in George Town and Penang Sentral in Butterworth
Currently, the Light Rapid Transit line between George Town and the Penang International Airport, also known as the Bayan Lepas LRT line, is being allocated the top priority by the Penang state government. On April 2019, the LRT project was received conditional approval from the federal government. Construction is expected to start in June 2020.

References

__INDEX__


Baladay

Baladay  is a village in Kandahar Province, in southern Afghanistan. The village lies on the open plain south of Kandahar city. To the north is Shir-e Sorkh and to the southeast is Zaker-e Sharif. It contained 54 houses in 1880.  Its altitude ranges between 42 and 65 metres. Most of the inhabitants are involved in agriculture, working on fine orchards and vineyards. The villagers obtain their water from the Naoshijan canal.

See also
Kandahar Province

References

Category:Populated places in Kandahar Province


Großer Segeberger See

Großer Segeberger See is a lake in Kreis Segeberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

External links

Category:Lakes of Schleswig-Holstein
LGrosserSegebergerSee


List of names for cannabis strains

Cannabis strains bred and grown commercially have been branded with more than 2,300 distinctive names. These include:

Trade names for cannabis strains

Indica strains

 3X Crazy
 8 Ball Kush
 A-10
 Abusive OG
 Afghani
 Afghani Bullrider
 Afghan Kush
 Afghan Skunk
 Afgoo
 Afgooey
 Alien Dawg
 Alien Kush
 Ancient OG
 Amnesia Haze />
 Anesthesia
 Aurora Indica
 Banana Candy
 Banana Kush
 Barbara Bud
 Berry Noir
 Big Bud
 Blackberry Hashplant
 Blackberry Kush
 Black Cherry Soda
 Black Diamond
 Black Label Kush
 Blackwater
 Blueberry
 Blueberry Kush
 Blueberry Waltz
 Blue Cheese
 Blue God
 Blue Moonshine
 Blue Mystic
 Bubba Kush
 Bubba OG
 Buddha's Sister
 Butterscotch
 Candy Cane
 Cactus
 Cadillac Purple
 Cheese Quake
 Chem's Sister />
 Chem Scout
 Cherry Kola
 Chocolate Chunk
 Church OG
 Corleone Kush
 Critical Mass
 Danky Doodle
 Dark Star
 Darth Vader OG
 Death Star
 Death Star OG
 Deep Purple
 Denver Maple
 Devil Fruit
 Diablo
 Diamond OG
 Digweed
 DJ Short Blueberry
 Domino
 Dynamite
 Edelweiss
 El Jeffe
 Enigma
 Endless Sky
 Eran Almog
 Freezeland
 Frosty
 Fucking Incredible
 Funky Monkey
 G13
 Godberry
 God Bud
 Godfather OG
 God's Gift
 Gog & Magog
 Granddaddy Purple
 Grand Hindu
 Grape Ape
 Grape Crush
 Grape Skunk
 Gravity
 Green Crack
 G Stik "RED"
 G Stik "Violeta"
 Guido Kush
 Gumbo
 Haoma
 Hashberry
 Hash Plant
 Hawaiian Delight
 Herijuana
 Hindu Kush
 Hog
 Hog's Breath
 Hollands Hope
 Ingrid
 Jagermeister
 Jesus OG
 JT15
 Jupiter Kush
 Jupiter OG
 K Train
 Kandahar
 Kimbo Kush />
 King Kush
 King Louis
 Kosher Kush
 Kryptonite
 Kushadelic
 Kush Berry
 LA Confidential
 LA OG
 Larry OG
 Lavender Kush
 Lemon OG
 Lions Gate
 Liquid Butter
 Louis XIII
 Madagascar
 Mango
 Maple Leaf Indica
 Mars OG
 Master Bubba
 Master Jedi
 Master Kush
 Matsu
 Mazar I Sharif
 Mercury OG
 Misty Kush
 MK Ultra
 Mossimo OG
 Mr. Nice
 Negra 44
 Neptune Kush
 Neptune OG
 Ngwai
 Nordle
 Northern Lights
 Nuggetry OG
 Obama Kush
 OG Eddy Lepp
 Paris OG
 Pennywise
 Pineapple Thai
 Pitbull
 Platinum Bubba
 Platinum Bubba Kush
 Platinum Kush
 Platinum OG
 Platinum Purple Kush
 Plushberry
 Pluto Kush
 Popcorn Kush
 Pot of Gold
 Power Kush
 Presidential OG
 Pure Kush
 Pure OG
 Purple Afghani
 Purple Berry
 Purple Candy
 Purple Cream
 Purple Dragon
 Purple Goo
 Purple Kush
 Purple Mr. Nice
 Purple Nepal
 Purple OG Kush
 Purple Passion
 Purple Tonic
 Purple Urkle
 Purple Wreck
 Pre-98 Bubba Kush
 PVC OG
 Raspberry Kush
 Red Dwarf
 Red Eye OG
 Redwood Kush
 Remedy
 Rockstar
 Rockstar Master Kush
 Romulan
 Seattle Blue
 Sensi Star
 Shark Shock
 Silverback Gorilla
 Skywalker
 Snow Monster
 Somango
 South Central LA
 Space Dawg
 Strawberry Kush
 Sunshine Daydream
 Super Kush
 Superman OG
 Super Skunk
 Tahoe OG
 Taliban Poison
 Tangerine Kush
 True OG
 UW
 Vanilla Kush
 Violator Kush
 White Kush
 White OG
 Wonder Woman OG
 Woody Kush
 XXX 420
 XXX OG
 Yoda OG
 Yumboldt
 Zombie OG

Sativa strains

 Aceh
 Alaskan Thunder Fuck
 Alice in Wonderland
 Allen Wrench
 Aloha
 Amnesia
 Amnesia Haze
 Arabian Gold
 Arjan's Strawberry Haze
 Asian Fantasy
 Bay 11
 Berkely
 Black Diesel
 Blue Bayou
 Blue Satellite
 Brainstorm Haze
 Candy Jack
 Cannalope Haze
 Cat Piss
 Charlotte's Web
 Chocolope
 Cracker Jack
 Crystal Coma
 Django
 Double Diesel
 Dr. Grinspoon
 Durban Poison
 Dutch Dragon
 Dutch Hawaiian
 East Coast Sour Diesel
 Fire Haze
 Frostbite
 Ghost Train Haze
 Goldwing
 Grapefruit
 Green Candy
 Green Crack
 Green Crack Extreme
 Green Goblin
 Green Haze
 G Stik "Amarillo"
 G Stik "Rosado"
 Hawaiian
 Hawaiian Diesel
 Hawaiian Sativa
 Hawaiian Snow
 Haze
 Haze Wreck
 Hempstar
 Huey's Bush Kush
 Hydro Green Crack
 Island Sweet Skunk
 J-27
 Jack Herer
 Jack Skellington
 Jack Wreck
 Jamaican Pearl
 Jean Guy
 Johnny's Tonic
 Kaboom
 Kali Mist
 Killing Fields
 King's Bread
 Lamb's Bread
 Laughing Buddha
 Lemon Haze
 Lemon Jack
 Lemon G
 Lemon Sativa
 Lemon Thai
 Mako Haze
 Malawi
 Mango Dream
 Maui
 Maui Waui
 Mexican Sativa
 Moby Dick
 Mother's Finest
 Nevil's Wreck
 OCD
 OG
 Outer Space
 Panama Red
 Pandora's Box
 Poison Haze
 Purple Haze
 Q3
 Qleaner
 Rafael
 Red Congolese
 Red Haze
 Rene
 Root Beer Kush
 Sage N Sour
 Shaman
 Shangri La OG
 Shipwreck
 Silver Haze
 Skunk #1
 Sour Chocolate
 Sour Diesel
 Sour Flower
 Sour Haze
 Sour Tangie
 Strawberry
 Sugar Plum
 Super Cat Piss
 Super Green Crack
 Super Silver Haze
 Super Snow Dog
 Super Sour Diesel
 Sweet Diesel
 Tangie
 Thai
 Thai Haze
 Timewreck
 Triple Diesel
 Twista
 Ultimate Trainwreck
 Venice OG
 Very Berry Haze
 Voodoo
 Vortex
 Waipi'o Hapa
 Willie Nelson
 Willy Wonka
 Y Griega

Hybrid strains of indica and sativa

Indica-dominant hybrid strains

 303 OG
 707 Headband
 Afghanica
 AK-48
 Albert Walker
 BC Sweet Tooth
 Big Sky OG
 Big Wreck
 Bio-Jesus
 Black Domina
 Black Ice
 Black Mamba
 Blockhead
 Blue Bastard
 Blueberry x Hash Plant
 Blueberry Diesel
 Blue Diesel
 Blue Ivy
 Blue Lights
 Blue Magoo
 Blue Venom
 Burmese Kush
 Cali Gold
 Chemdawg 4
 Citrus Kush
 Cold Creek Kush
 Confidential Cheese
 Cotton Candy Kush
 Critical Bilbo
 Critical Haze
 Dorit
 Dr. Who
 Early Girl
 Elderberry Kush
 Erez
 Flowerbomb Kush
 God's Treat
 Hells Angel OG
 Ice Cream
 Jasmin or Yasmin
 Lifesaver
 Little Devil
 LVPK
 Manitoba Poison
 Master Skunk
 Matanuska Thunder Fuck
 Millennium
 Or
 Papaya
 Pineapple Chunk
 Pink Kush
 Pink Pez
 Rascal OG
 Shiva Skunk
 Skywalker OG
 Snoop's Dream
 Sour Apple
 Sugar Shack
 Sunset Sherbert
 Supernova
 The White
 Tres Dawg
 Venom OG
 Warlock
 White Lightning

Sativa-dominant hybrid strains

 ACDC
 Afwreck
 Alaska
 Avi-Dekel
 Banana Diesel
 Belladonna
 Blue Champagne
 Blue Diamond
 Blue Dream
 Blue Goo
 Blue Haze
 Candyland
 Cinderella 99
 Double Dream
 Dream Star
 Duke Nukem
 Floppy Donged Gorilla
 Fruit Spirit
 Glass Slipper
 Green Dream
 Hashplant Haze
 Hawaiian Fire
 Hawaiian Skunk
 Headbanger
 Head Cheese
 Hippie Crippler
 Hong Kong
 Huckleberry
 Humboldt
 J1
 Jack Haze
 Jack's Cleaner
 Jack Widow
 Jane Doe
 Juliet
 K1
 Lemon Kush
 Lemon Wreck
 Lethal Purple
 Loud Dream
 Midnight
 Mob Boss
 NYC Diesel
 OG Wreck
 Orange Dream
 Orange Haze
 Pineapple Diesel
 Power Plant
 Pure Power Plant
 Purple Ice
 Sapphire Star
 Silver Pearl
 Silver Surfer
 Smelliot
 Snowcap
 Sour Cream
 Sour Lemon OG
 Sour Power
 Sour Tsunami
 Stevie Wonder
 Strawberry Cough
 Strawberry Dream
 Sumatra Kush
 Superstar
 Sweet Island Skunk
 Swiss Bliss
 Tahoe OG Kush
 Tangerine Haze
 Thai-Tanic
 The Third Dimension
 The Truth
 Trainwreck
 White Berry
 White Fire OG
 White Shark

Other hybrid strains

 $100 OG
 3 Kings
 Ace of Spades
 Afghan Big Bud
 Afghan Diesel
 Afghooey
 Agent Orange
 AK-47
 Alien OG
 Alohaberry
 Alpha OG
 Ambrosia
 Animal Cookies
 Apollo 11
 Apollo 13
 Appalachia
 Armageddon
 Atomic Northern Lights
 A-Train
 Avalon
 Banana OG
 BC Roadkill
 Berry White
 Big Buddha Cheese
 Bio-Diesel
 Black Dahlia
 Black Jack
 Black Tuna
 Black Velvet
 Black Widow
 Blueberry Cheesecake
 Blueberry Haze
 Blueberry Headband
 Blue Boy
 Blue Dragon
 Blue Hawaiian
 Blue Mystic
 Blue OG
 Blue Rhino
 Blue Train
 Blue Widow
 Boggle Gum
 Bordello
 Boysenberry
 Brains Damage
 Broke Diesel
 Bruce Banner #3
 Bubbleberry
 Bubblegum
 Bubblegun
 C13 Haze
 Cali Kush
 Calm
 Cannadential
 Cannatonic
 Caramelicious
 Casey Jones
 Cataract Kush
 Champagne Kush
 Cheese
 Chem Crush
 Chemdawg
 Chernobyl
 Cherry AK-47
 Cherry Bomb
 Cherry Kush
 Cherry Limeade
 Cherry Pie
 Chiesel
 Chocolate Kush
 Cinex
 Colorado Chem
 Connie Chung
 Cookies and Cream
 Crimea Blue
 Dairy Queen
 Deadhead OG
 Diesel Duff
 Dieseltonic
 Dogwalker OG
 Donna OG
 Dopium
 Dreadlock
 Dream Queen
 Durban Cheese
 Dutch Treat
 Euphoria
 Earth OG
 Earthquake
 Ed Rosenthal Super Bud
 El-Na
 El Niño
 Ewok
 Exodus Cheese
 Fire OG
 Flourish
 Fruity Pebbles
 Ghost OG
 Girl Scout Cookies
 Goldberry
 Golden Goat
 Gorilla Glue #4
 Grand Hustle
 Grapefruit Diesel
 Grapefruit Haze
 Grapefruit Kush
 Grape God
 Grape Kush
 Green Door Kush
 Green Hornet
 Green Monster
 Green Queen
 Green Ribbon
 G Stik "Orange"
 G Stik "Verde"
 Guava Chem
 Guava Kush
 Harlequin
 Harmony
 Hawaiian Punch
 Hawaiian Thunder Fuck
 Headband
 Heavy Duty Fruity
 Himalayan Gold
 Hindu Skunk
 Holistic
 Holy Grail Kush
 Ice
 Jah Kush
 Jack Flash
 Jack Frost
 Jack Kush
 Jack the Ripper
 Jilly Bean
 Juicy Fruit
 Julius Caesar
 Kahuna
 Key Lime Haze
 Khola
 Killer Queen
 Kimbo Kush
 King Kong
 Kushage
 Kushashima
 Kushberry
 LA Jack
 Lambo OG
 LAPD
 LA Woman
 Lavender
 Lemon Diesel
 Lemon Drop
 Lemon Skunk
 Lemon Walker OG
 Liberty Haze
 Lowryder
 LSD
 Lucky Charms
 M-39
 Mad Dog
 Mango Kush
 Maui Berry
 Martian Mean Green
 Master Yoda
 Medicine Man
 Mendocino Purps
 Mother's Helper
 Nebula
 Neville's Haze
 Northern Lights #5
 Northern Skunk
 Odyssey
 OG Diesel Kush
 OGiesel
 OG Kush
 OG Poison
 OG Shark
 Old Lyme Connecticut OG
 Orange Bud
 Orange Crush
 Orange Diesel
 Orange Kush
 Orange Skunk
 Orange Velvet
 Organic Diesel
 P-91
 Permafrost
 Pineapple
 Pineapple Express
 Pineapple Kush
 Platinum Girl Scout Cookies
 Purple AK-47
 Purple Arrow
 Purple Diesel
 Purple Dream
 Purple Hashplant
 Purple Jack
 Purple Princess
 Purple Sage
 Purple Sour Diesel
 Purple Trainwreck
 Purple Voodoo
 Qrazy Train
 Quebec Gold
 Querkle
 Rainbow
 Recon
 Red Cherry Berry
 Redding OG
 Richie Rich
 Rocklock
 Romping Goddess
 Romulan Grapefruit
 Royal Dwarf
 Royal Kush
 Russian Rocket Fuel
 SAGE
 Saturn OG
 SFV OG
 Sharksbreath
 Shiatsu Kush
 Shishkaberry
 Shoreline
 Sierra Mist
 Skunky Diesel
 Sky Dog
 Snow White
 Sour Cheese
 Sour Dream
 Sour Grape
 Sour Grapes
 Sour Jilly
 Sour Kush
 Sour OG
 Space Bomb
 Space Queen
 Stardawg
 Starry Night
 Strawberry Banana
 Strawberry Diesel
 Super Blue Dream
 Super Lemon Haze
 Super Sour Widow
 Sweet Kush
 Sweet Tooth
 Tangerine Dream
 Thaidal Wave
 THC Bomb
 The Flav
 The Void
 Thin Mint Girl Scout Cookies
 Tiger Woods
 Tranquil
 Trident
 Trifecta
 Tropicali
 Tropical Tang
 UK Cheese
 Unwind
 Verde Electric
 Waldo
 Walrus Kush
 White Dawg
 White Fire Alien OG
 White Queen
 White Rhino
 White Russian
 White Widow
 White Zombie
 Willy's Wonder
 Wonder Haze
 Wonder Woman
 Wonka's Bubblicious
 XJ-13

Controversial cannabis strain trade names

Controversial strain names
Several names for cannabis strains have been controversial. Disputed strain names include:

 Bruce Banner
 Charlotte's Web
 Girl Scout Cookies - now known as "GSC"
 Grape Ape

 Gorilla Glue - Lawsuit from makers of Gorilla Glue affected the strain's name to be changed to GG4 or Original Glue.

Traditional names for heirloom strains

Indica and sativa heirloom cannabis strains

 Acapulco Gold
 Afghani
 African
 Cambodian red
 Colombian
 Hawaiian
 Jamaican gold
 Mexican red
 Panama red
 Thai stick

Names for other cannabis strains

Wild cannabis strains
 Feral cannabis or feral hemp

See also
 List of cannabis companies
 List of names for cannabis

References

External links

 Wikileaf: All Cannabis Strains
 Leafly: Marijuana Strains and Infused Products

Category:Cannabis-related lists


1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot

The 1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot was a three-day race riot in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, targeting Greek immigrants during August 2–4, 1918. (Some sources indicate the date range August 1–5, to include the event that triggered the violence and the date of the final restoration of the peace.) It was the largest riot in the city's history and one of the largest anti-Greek riots in the world. In the newspapers of the time the events were referred to as the Toronto troubles. The riots were the result of prejudice against new immigrants and the false beliefs that Greeks did not fight in World War I and that they were pro-German.

The riots were triggered by news about the expulsion of a crippled veteran, Private Claude Cludernay, from the Greek-owned White City Café on Thursday evening, August 1. Cludernay was drunk and belligerent and struck a waiter, who ejected him and called police. Although the event was insignificant it sparked indignation and violence started on Friday, August 2, when crowds of estimated 5,000–20,000 led by World War I army veterans looted and destroyed every Greek business in sight in the city centre, while the overwhelmed police could not prevent this and just stood by and watched. Due to the scope of the violence, the city mayor had to invoke the Riot Act to call in the militia and military police. On Saturday night, the police and militia were engaged in fierce battles in the downtown to quench the violence. In total, an estimated 50,000 on both sides took part in the riot. Over 20 restaurants were attacked, with damages estimated at more than $1,000,000 in modern (as of 2010) values.

After the events, Greek community leaders issued an official statement stating that they support the Allied cause. They stated that those who were naturalized were joining the Canadian army and that there were more than 2,000 Greeks in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (C.E.F.) with many from Toronto, and at least 5 Toronto Greeks had been killed while serving with the C.E.F, and 10 incapacitated. Additionally, at least 135 Toronto Greeks had returned home to join the Greek army against the Central Powers.

Many Greek families abandoned the Yonge Street area after the riots, eventually forming a new Greek neighbourhood further East along Danforth Avenue.

The riots echoed incidents in the United States where Greek immigrants were attacked and displaced by mobs and even the Ku Klux Klan, at a time when Southern Europeans were frequently discriminated against. The Greek diaspora responded with overt demonstrations of patriotism, such as buying large amounts of war bonds during World War II and changing their names to make them more familiar to North American ears.

See also
 Greek Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area

References

Category:Persecution of Greeks in North America
Category:Race riots in Canada
Category:Canadian people of Greek descent
Category:1918 in Ontario
Category:1910s in Toronto
Category:August 1918 events
Category:1918 crimes in Canada


A Madea Christmas (film)

A Madea Christmas is a 2013 American Christmas comedy film directed, written, produced by and starring Tyler Perry. This is the first Christmas themed film from the writer-director; and also an adaptation of his play of the same name, though it has a completely different plot. This is the seventeenth film by Perry, and the seventh in the Madea franchise. It was released in theaters on December 13, 2013.

Plot

In Atlanta, Georgia, Mabel "Madea" Simmons (Tyler Perry) has been talked into getting a job at a local store by her great-niece Eileen Murphy (Anna Maria Horsford). Madea gets fired on her first day.

Meanwhile, Eileen's daughter, Lacey Williams (Tika Sumpter), a teacher at a small school in Alabama, is married to a  white man named Conner (Eric Lively). The school does not have enough money to fund their annual Christmas Jubilee, forcing Lacey to ask her ex-boyfriend Oliver (JR Lemon) to fund the school through his business. Lacey calls her mother and says she will be unable to come home for Christmas, but Eileen, determined to see her daughter, brings Madea and Oliver with her to visit. Eileen hopes that Lacey and Oliver might still work out as a couple; she does not know that Lacey is married to a white man, which is not what she wanted for Lacey.

Lacey brings Oliver to a town meeting and asks Madea to look after her class. One of the girls steals Madea’s purse while Madea tells the class a rather unorthodox version of the story of the first Christmas. When she finds her purse is missing, she loses her temper and ties the guilty party to a cross decoration in the classroom.

Conner's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy) and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Conner and Lacey's house for Christmas and are told to keep the marriage a secret since Eileen is staying for Christmas as well. Eileen offends Kim by cutting down her father’s memory tree; though she didn’t realize the meaning, she shows no remorse for the act. She is convinced Buddy and Kim are part of the Ku Klux Klan after seeing Buddy with a sheet over his head (though he was merely engaging in foreplay with Kim), and promptly bars the door to the room she and Madea are sharing.

Lacey finds out that the sponsors are forcing the school to make the Jubilee a holiday theme as opposed to a Christmas theme, and that the sponsors are responsible for many of the town’s citizens losing their jobs. Angered by these facts, Tanner (Chad Michael Murray), a man who consistently gives Conner trouble, demands the mayor fire Lacey, which the mayor does. Lacey’s conflict at home reaches a boiling point when Eileen and Kim argue; Lacey tells the truth about her marriage to Conner, and Eileen’s true feelings about whites are revealed: her husband left her for a white woman (Eileen had lied to Lacey all those years, saying he was killed by a white man). Hypocritically angered by the lies she has heard, Eileen storms out, vainly hoping for a taxi to pick her up.

Lacey admits to Conner that Tanner caused her to lose her job, setting Conner off. As Eileen walks into town, she sees Tanner in his overturned, burning truck and saves his life. Conner walks up to the scene and punches Tanner before demanding Eileen get in his truck. Tanner then follows Conner to apologize for everything and to thank Eileen for saving him. Eileen also accepts Conner and Lacey’s marriage.

At the Christmas Jubilee, Lacey thanks the sponsors and announces their promises to help the town (which were not in the original agreement), knowing the repercussions the company would face if they were to back out. She reveals to Oliver that she is married to Conner.

Cast

 Tyler Perry as Mabel "Madea" Simmons
 Anna Maria Horsford as Eileen Murphy
 Tika Sumpter as Lacey Williams (née Murphy)
 Larry the Cable Guy as Buddy Williams
 Kathy Najimy as Kim Williams
 Eric Lively as Conner Williams
 Chad Michael Murray as Tanner McCoy
 JR Lemon as Oliver
 Alicia Witt as Amber McCoy
 Lisa Whelchel as Nancy Porter
 Noah Urrea as Bailey McCoy
 Ashlee Heath as Audry
 Caroline Kennedy as Lucy
 Sweet Brown as herself
 Antoine Dodson as YouTube guy
 Jonathan Chase as Alfred
 Vickie Eng as Customer #6
 Daniel Mann as Austin

Soundtrack
The soundtrack for the film was released in stores by Motown Records November 25. This was the first soundtrack to a Tyler Perry film since 2010's For Colored Girls and the first Madea soundtrack since 2006's Madea's Family Reunion and 2008's Meet the Browns. It featured Smokey Robinson, Mariah Carey, Brian McKnight, James Brown, KEM, Boyz II Men, Kelly Rowland, Jeremih, Stevie Wonder, Jackson 5, Pearl Bailey, Ashanti, Mprynt & Kevin Ross.

Reception
A Madea Christmas was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 20% rating, based on 35 reviews, with the consensus: "It boasts a few laughs, but overall, Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas ranks among Perry's least entertaining or substantive works." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 28 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Home media
A Madea Christmas was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 25, 2014. The DVD contains a first look at the opening of the then-upcoming animated feature Madea's Tough Love.

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Category:2013 films
Category:2010s comedy films
Category:American films
Category:American comedy films
Category:American Christmas films
Category:Films scored by Christopher Young
Category:Films about interracial romance
Category:American films based on plays
Category:Films directed by Tyler Perry
Category:Films shot in Atlanta
Category:Lions Gate Entertainment films
Category:Films with screenplays by Tyler Perry
Category:2010s Christmas films
Category:Christmas comedy films


List of Lily Collins performances

Lily Collins is an English-American actress. She made her acting debut in the 2009 biographical sports drama The Blind Side.

She appeared in leading roles in the sci-fi action-horror film Priest (2011) and the fantasy  Mirror Mirror (2012) in the role of Snow White. In 2013, starred in the role of Clary Fray in the fantasy The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, for which she was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress – Action and an MTV Movie Award. In 2016, she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role as Marla Mabrey in Rules Don't Apply. She starred as Fantine in the BBC miniseries adaptation of Les Misérables (2018–2019), and in 2019 appeared in two biographical films, the Netflix drama Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, and as Edith Tolkien in Tolkien.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

References

External links
Lily Collins at the Internet Movie Database

Category:Actress filmographies
Category:American filmographies


Crossing the Jordan

Crossing the Jordan is a studio album by Belarusian band Spasenie recorded together with musicians of Chicago band Crossroads and released in 2004. It was recorded in Brest, the producers of the record are Tim Spransy and Daryl Stuermer (in the United States). The first presentation of the CD in Belarus was held in Minsk on July 29, 2005, with the support of producer Tim Spransy and his band Crossroads at the club “Bielaja vieža.”

History
The title song on the disc is a biblical story.

The album Crossing the Jordan is a serious indicator of our band’s professional growth. When creating, recording, and mixing, all of the compositions were thought out to the smallest detail and sustained in the same style, vocalist Igor Mukha told the portal TUT.BY.

CD sales exceeded all the expectations of Brest musicians.

Tracklisting

Critical reception
Tat’yana Zamirovskaya from the weekly BelGazeta on its pages noted that the album is associated with Sting, Phil Collins, and Mark Knopfler, and the compositions on it are “refined and melancholic jazz rock with folk elements.”

WASP from the music newspaper Muzykalnaya Gazeta heard on the CD soft pop rock, more harmonious than the one that the band Novi Ierusalim performs, and praised the work of producer Tim Spransy, while songs from the disc also reminded the critic the works of Sting and Phil Collins.

Personnel

Musicians:
 Peter Semenuk — keyboards, vocals.
 Pavel Shelpuk — violin, viola, vocals.
 Alex Zinov’ev — double bass.
 Svetlana Pravdina — cello.
 Vasily Mashliakevich – bass guitar.
 Yezhy Khaichuk — drums.
 Jim Spransy — percussion.
 Tim Spransy — vocals, acoustic and electric guitar.
 Leonid Borisevich — electric guitar.
 Igor Rudy — soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, clarinet.
 Becky Sharp — vocals.
 Igor Mukha — vocals.

Production:
 Alex Borisyuk — pastoral care.
 Sue Brandt — administrator.
 Tim Spransy — CD design, photos, executive producer.
 Brianna Spransy — photos.
 Michael Vilson — photos.
 Pavel Shelpuk — executive recording engineer, executive producer.
 Andrei Kovalchuk — assistant recording engineer.
 Pavel Shelpuk, studio «С» — mixing.
 Waldemar Siemens — mastering.
 Studio «С» — mastering.

References

Category:2004 albums
Category:Spasenie albums
Category:Jazz fusion albums


Kaptain Brawe: A Brawe New World

Kaptain Brawe: A Brawe New World is a point n' click adventure video game developed by Cateia Games. It was released in 2011 for Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, Mac, IOS and Android. It follows the adventures of Kaptain Brawe, a Space Police officer who embarks on a journey filled with quests, conspiracies and general chaos, as he follows the lead of two kidnapped alien scientists.

Reception
The PC version holds a score of 69 based on 6 reviews on Metacritic and 78.79% based on 4 reviews on GameRankings. The iOS version holds a score of 76 based on 8 reviews on Metacritic, and 75.83% on Gamerankings.

Sequel
A sequel titled Kaptain Brawe 2: A Space Travesty launched on Kickstarter with the goal of obtaining $150,000 and was to be written by Steve Ince and designed in part by Bill Tiller. However it never reached its goal and was cancelled as a result.

References

Category:2010 video games
Category:Adventure games
Category:Android (operating system) games
Category:IOS games
Category:MacOS games
Category:Point-and-click adventure games
Category:Windows games
Category:Windows Phone games
Category:Video games developed in Croatia


Japanese river otter

The  (Lutra lutra whiteleyi) is an extinct variety of otter formerly widespread in Japan. Dating back to the 1880s, it was even seen in Tokyo. The population suddenly shrank in the 1930s, and the mammal nearly vanished. Since then, it has only been spotted several times, in 1964 in the Seto Inland Sea, and in the Uwa Sea in 1972 and 1973. The last official sighting was in the southern part of Kōchi Prefecture in 1979, when it was photographed in the mouth of the Shinjo River in Susaki. It was subsequently classified as a "Critically Endangered" species on the Japanese Red List. On August 28, 2012, the Japanese river otter was officially declared extinct by the Ministry of the Environment. It is the official animal symbol of Ehime Prefecture. In February 2017, a wild otter was caught on camera on Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture. However, it is not known whether the observed otter was a Japanese river otter.

Taxonomy
Several genetic studies have suggested that the Japanese river otter should be treated as a distinct species Lutra nippon rather than a subspecies of Lutra lutra. However, this reclassification is not yet generally accepted in the absence of further verification.

Description
Fully grown, a Japanese river otter was between  long, with a tail measuring . It had a thick, lush coat of dark brown fur with short webbed feet. In addition the river otter has two types/sets of fur. Data has shown that the river otter would shed their under fur fully from May to August. After the shedding of the under fur, the otter shed their guard hair from August to November. This allowed them to adjust to the seasons changing. The otter had a lifespan of up to 25 years.

Ecology and biology

Habits
A nocturnal creature, an otter only left its den after dark to forage for food. Claiming a territory about ten miles in diameter, it marked the area with its droppings about one to three miles apart and sets up three or four nests under rocks or inside bushes. The otters were always on the move, visiting each den only once every three to four days. They were considered an adult after only one year. They would then venture on their own, but continue in solitude unless ready to mate.

Reproduction
In general, the Japanese river otter was ready to reproduce when they were two to three years old. In addition, the males sought out the females in the reproduction process. Besides during reproduction and with the exception of young males staying with their mother for a range of two to three years until they were mature, female otters and male otters did not generally live together. When a male otter calls out to a female otter, she must give him permission for the mating. If she does not, the male would move onto the next female otter. For the male to know that the female is interested in mating, the female will roll around with the male, which releases hormones. The Japanese river otter could have anywhere from one to six offspring per litter. Once born, the baby otters are completely blind for a month, leaving them utterly helpless. The female otter makes for a great mother; nursing her young for up to eight hours a day, as well as teaching them valuable lessons and protecting them. After the pups are around the age of four months, the mother otter will introduce her youth to solid food and start to teach them how to hunt.

Diet
Like most otters, the Japanese river otter was not an especially picky eater. While it primarily fed on fish, crab, and shrimp; it also ate eels, beetles, watermelons, and sweet potatoes. Many of these Japanese otters eat about 15% to 25% of their own body weight. Many otters spend around six hours to find food because of their difficult living space and their competition for food. The Japanese otter was known as one of the top carnivores in the aquatic food chain.

Cause of extinction
In the past, there were thousands of river otters in Japan. Starting in the Meiji period, the government of Japan adopted a policy of increasing wealth and military prowess. Animal pelts thus became very valuable since they could be exported for money. As a result, Japanese river otters started to be hunted throughout the country. Their numbers soon dwindled. Populations made a slight comeback after the creation of hunting regulations. Even so, pollution and human development then harmed their environment and resources to build their habitats. This pollution terminated their food sources in the rivers, causing them to hunt in more dangerous settings. These causes grew rapidly, resulting in the extinction of the Japanese river otter in the late 20th century.

Efforts to prove its existence
Throughout the 1990s, there were several attempts to locate a surviving Japanese river otter.

In December 1991, the Environmental Agency of Japan in partnership with the Kochi prefectural government assembled a research team of experts and began their search. In March 1992, the research group found hair and excrement in Kochi Prefecture and believed to have come from an otter. Also found were three footprints, and ten additional excrement samples. After an analysis of a cross-section of the hair, the researchers determined that it came from an otter. An official from the agency's wildlife protection section stated that the hair was "scientifically solid evidence that confirms the existence of the Japanese Otter."

In 1994, zoological experts visited the area where the excrement was found. They discovered remains of the animal's urine, which the animal is believed to leave during its courtship. The prefectural government of Kochi set up an infrared camera for six months from October 1994 to April 1995 in an effort to capture it on film, but all that was recorded were animals such as raccoon dogs.

Between March 4 and 9, 1996, a group of zoo officials, municipal government officials and animals lovers from across the country searched for the river otter in the areas where finds have been made in the past. Such areas included coastal areas in Susaki, areas along the Niyodo River running through Sakawacho and Inocho, and coastal areas along Shimanto River. No evidence of the animal's existence was found.

Among these, the presumed sighting reported in Kochi by a local artist with a detailed sketch was regarded "highly trustable" by Yoshihiko Machida, an emeritus professor at the Kōchi University in 2009. Dr. Machida also pointed that the previous studies by the prefecture had been restricted only among coastal areas and thus not filling the definition of extinct species by IUCN. Regarding this, a survey was conducted by Ehime Prefecture in 2014, noting several recent sightings.

In February 2017, a wild otter was filmed alive on Tsushima Island in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. However, it is not known whether the observed otter was a Japanese river otter.

Genetic studies
Research done in the early 1990s by the Department of Biology of Kochi University in Japan revealed some interesting facts about the genes of the Japanese River Otter. For many years, it was thought that the Japanese river otter was a subspecies of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra. However, the studies done in Kochi University revealed something different. By comparing the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene of a mummified Japanese river otter corpse with Eurasian otters from Latvia and China, it was proven that the Japanese river otter was actually different, and was therefore not a subspecies. The name for the Japanese river otter was then changed from L. l. whiteleyi to Lutra nippon.

Other uses
The Japanese river otter was used as medicine to help cure tuberculosis. Typically a dosage that would last about 40 days would cost roughly $300 US dollars.
Beginning in the early 20th century, the otter pelts were used for military purposes as well. In 1929, the government established the "Hunters Association" which called upon people to hunt and skin these otters, which was one of the main causes of their eventual extinction.

In culture
The Japanese river otter was named the official animal symbol of Japan's Ehime Prefecture, a region of Japan in northwestern Shikoku.

References

Category:Otters
Category:Carnivorans of Asia
Category:Mammals of Japan
Category:Endemic fauna of Japan
Category:Special Natural Monuments
Category:Extinct animals of Japan
Category:Mammal extinctions since 1500
Category:Species made extinct by human activities
Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Category:Subspecies


2014–15 Arizona Wildcats women's basketball team

The 2014–15 Arizona Wildcats women's basketball team represented University of Arizona during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wildcats, led by seventh-year head coach Niya Butts, played their games at the McKale Center and were members of the Pac-12 Conference. They finished the season 10–20, 3–15 in Pac-12 play to finish in a tie for eleventh place. They lost in the first round of the Pac-12 Women's Tournament to UCLA.

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#CC0033; color:white;"|Exitbition

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#CC0033; color:white;"|Regular Season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#CC0033;"|2015 Pac-12 Tournament

See also
2014–15 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team

References

Category:Arizona Wildcats women's basketball seasons
Arizona Wildcats
Arizona Wildcats
Ariz


American Tour

American Tour is the third U.S. studio album by the English rock band The Dave Clark Five. This album contains the hit song "Because" as well as "Whenever You're Around", which was not a single in the U.S. but was issued as a B-side to "I'm Thinking of You Baby" in the U.K., and was used in the film "Get Yourself a College Girl". In Canada, the album was released as On Stage With The Dave Clark Five on Capitol Records.

Track listing

Side one
"Because" (Dave Clark)
"Who Does He Think He Is" (Dave Clark, Mike Smith)
"Move On" (Dave Clark, Denny Payton)
"Whenever You're Around" (Dave Clark, Mike Smith)
"I Want You Still" (Dave Clark, Denny Payton)
"Long Ago" (Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson)

Side two
"Come on Over" (Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson)
"Blue Monday" (Dave Clark, Mike Smith)
"Sometimes" (Dave Clark, Ron Ryan)
"Any Time You Want Love" (Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson)
"I Cried Over You" (Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson)
"Ol' Sol" (Dave Clark, Denny Payton)

Personnel

Dave Clark Five
Dave Clark: drums, backing vocals
Mike Smith: keyboards, lead vocals
Lenny Davidson: guitars, backing vocals
Rick Huxley: bass guitar, backing vocals
Denis Payton: saxophone

References

http://www.discogs.com/Dave-Clark-Five-American-Tour/release/2905884

Category:The Dave Clark Five albums
Category:1964 debut albums
Category:EMI Columbia Records albums


Anton Davidoglu

Anton Davidoglu (born June 30, 1876 in Bârlad, died May 27, 1958 in Bucharest) was a Romanian mathematician who specialized in differential equations.
He studied under Jacques Hadamard at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and became a professor at the University of Bucharest. In 1913, he was founding rector of the
Academy of High Commercial and Industrial Studies in Bucharest. He also continued to teach at the University of Bucharest, until his retirement in 1941.

He was a founding member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, and was featured on a 1976 Romanian postage stamp.

References

Category:Romanian mathematicians
Category:1876 births
Category:1958 deaths
Category:Members of the Romanian Academy of Sciences
Category:People from Bârlad
Category:École Normale Supérieure alumni
Category:University of Bucharest faculty


Raoul Gregory Vitale

Raoul Gregory Vitale (12 February 1928 – 29 September 2003) was a Syrian musicologist who introduced the total description of the ancient Babylonian musical scales used in Music of Mesopotamia and Near East, and also a complete interpretation of the musical notation of the Hurrian Hymn 6 discovered in Ugarit which is considered to be the first known complete musical notation.

Biography
Vitale was born in Latakia, Syria, on 12 February 1928. He is the only child of John James Alfred Vitale and Olivia Vitale. His family is of Italian origin and migrated to Syria in the beginning of the 18th century.

Vitale attended the French Frères des écoles chrétiennes school in Latakia for primary, secondary and high school, then he studied physics in the American University of Beirut in Lebanon where he got a master's degree in physical science. He taught physics in the American University of Beirut and in the Lebanese University. He married in Lebanon and had three male children. In 1975, Vitale came back with his family to Latakia, Syria, after the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War, and worked in trading. He died on 29 September 2003.

Scientific interests

Beside physics Vitale was interested in music theory and the ancient history of the Middle East.

In his youth he was a member of the Musical Club in Latakia and the Committee of Ugarit Friends, then the Archaeological Society of Latakia (Adiyat) where he served as the head of the cultural committee for many years.

He studied the ancient history of the Middle East and musical theories as hobbies, and wrote and lectured many essays in those two subjects.

Works

One of his most remarkable works was the reconsideration of the Babylonian musical scales and giving the first complete description of all of its notes, the work which was accepted widely and confirmed by newer researchers, for example M. L. West and O. R. Gurney.
Also very remarkable was giving a new interpretation of the Hurrian Hymn 6 (see Hurrian songs) which is the most ancient musical notation known, giving the first complete interpretation.

Among his other researches was a study on the order of the Ugaritic alphabet which was the basis of the Greek, Latin and Arabic alphabets orders.

Published researches

 La tablette musical H-6. Archeologiques Arabe Syriennes 29 – 30 (1979–1980)
 La Musique suméro-accadienne: gamme et notation musicale. Ugarit-Forschungen 14 (1982): 241–63.
 أقدم موسيقا معروفة في العالم". الحياة الموسيقية العدد 3 سنة 1993 والعدد 6 سنة 1994"

Other researches given as lectures

 Arabs in Syria before Islam
 Formal symmetry of the Ugaritic letters
 Shapes and order of the Ugaritic letters
 Number through history – The invention and progression of numbers calligraphy
 Semites or not
 Keninites
 Ugarit not Keninite nor Phoenician

In addition to many educational lectures in the fields of physics, mathematics, history and music. Also he has participated in many cultural conferences and events.

See also

 Hurrian songs
 Music of Mesopotamia

References

Further reading

 La tablette musical H-6. Archeologiques Arabe Syriennes 29 – 30 (1979–1980)
 La Musique suméro-accadienne: gamme et notation musicale. Ugarit-Forschungen 14 (1982): 241–63.

Category:1928 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:Syrian musicologists
Category:Ancient music
Category:20th-century musicologists


Powder Tower, Riga

The Powder Tower () is situated in Riga, Latvia, and originally a part of the defensive system of the town. The Powder Tower was restructured in the years 1937 to 1940 when it was included to the structure of the Latvian War Museum.

References

Category:Towers completed in 1940
Category:Buildings and structures in Riga
Powder Tower
Riga


Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate

The Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate is the official poet laureate of Canada. The current poet laureate is Georgette LeBlanc, who was appointed in January 2018.

The position is an office of the Library of Parliament.

Role
According to the laureate's official Web site: "The Poet's role is to encourage and promote the importance of literature, culture and language in Canadian society. Federal legislators created the position in 2001 to draw Canadians' attention to poetry, both spoken and written, and its role in our lives."

The Parliament of Canada Act states that the laureate may:

 Write poems "especially for use in Parliament on important occasions"
 Sponsor poetry readings
 Give advice to "the Parliamentary Librarian regarding the Library's collection and acquisitions to enrich its cultural materials"
 Do anything else: "perform other related duties at the request of the Speaker of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Commons, or the Parliamentary Librarian."

The laureate serves at the pleasure of both the Speaker of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Commons, with the maximum term of office set at two years.

The position comes with an annual stipend of $20,000, up to $13,000 in travel expenses annually, a budget for administrative expenses and translation/adaptation into Canada's second official language.

Selection criteria

In order to be chosen for the position, a poet must have:
 contributed to the cultural and literary community
 produced written or oral work reflecting Canada
 be an accomplished literary artist who has influenced other artists
 a substantial record demonstrating literary excellence

Poets Laureate
 George Bowering (2002–2004)
 Pauline Michel (2004–2006)
 John Steffler (2006–2008)
 Pierre DesRuisseaux (2009–2011)
 Fred Wah (2011–2013)
 Michel Pleau (2014–2016)
 George Elliott Clarke (2016–2017)
 Georgette LeBlanc (2018–2019)

See also
Poet Laureate of Ontario

Notes

References
A poet for the people - article in Capital News Online.

External links
The Parliamentary Poet Laureate of Canada


Motilal Nehru

Motilal Nehru (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was an Indian lawyer, activist and politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He also served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929. He was a member of the Nehru-Gandhi family and the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India.

Early life and education
Motilal Nehru was born on 6 May 1861, the posthumous son of Gangadhar Nehru and his wife Indrani. The Nehru family had been settled for several generations in Delhi, and Gangadhar Nehru was a kotwal in that city. During India's independence struggle of 1857, Gangadhar left Delhi with his family and moved to Agra, where some of his relatives lived. By some accounts, the Nehru family home in Delhi had been looted and burnt down during the Mutiny. In Agra, Gangadhar quickly arranged the weddings of his two daughters, Patrani and Maharani, into suitable Kashmiri Brahmin families. He died in February 1861 and his youngest child, Motilal, was born three months later.

At this time, Motilal's two older brothers, Bansidhar Nehru (b. 1842) and Nandlal Nehru (b. 1845), were nineteen and sixteen years old respectively. Since the family had lost nearly all its assets in the upheaval of 1857, Jeorani turned to her brother, Amarnath Zutshi of Bazaar Sitaram in old Delhi, for support until her sons could begin earning. She did receive some support from him, but all of Delhi had suffered hugely during the recent mutiny and assistance could not be open-ended. Within a couple of years, Nandlal secured a job as a clerk in the court of a Raja of Khetri and began supporting his mother and brother.

Thus, Motilal came to spend his childhood in Khetri, second largest thikana (feudal estate) within the princely state of Jaipur, now in Rajasthan. His elder brother, Nandlal gained the favour of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, who was the same age as him, and rose to the position of Diwan (Chief Minister; effectively the manager) of the vast feudal estate. In 1870, Fateh Singh died childless and was succeeded by a distant cousin, who had little use for his predecessor's confidants. Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and found that his prior career at Khetri equipped him to advise litigants regarding their legal suits. Once he realised this, he exhibited his industry and resilience again by studying for and passing the necessary examinations so that he could practice law in the British colonial courts. He then began practising law at the provincial High Court at Agra. Subsequently, the High Court shifted base to Allahabad, and the family (including Motilal) moved to that city.

Thus began the family's association with Allahabad, which many people mistakenly believe is the city from where the Nehru family hails. Thanks to the professional success and generosity of Nandlal, the fatherless Motilal received an excellent and modern education in both Agra and Allahabad. Indeed, the far-sighted Nandlal ensured that his brother (and his own sons) became among the earliest Indians to receive a Western-style college education. Motilal passed the matriculation examination from Kanpur, and went on to attend Muir Central College at Allahabad.

Career
Motilal passed the lawyer examination in 1883 and began practising as a lawyer at Kanpur. Three years later, he moved to Allahabad to join the lucrative practice already established by his brother Nandlal. The following year, in April 1887, his brother died at the age of forty-two, leaving behind five sons and two daughters. Thus Motilal at the age of 25 became sole bread-earner of the extended Nehru family.

Many of Motilal's suits were civil cases involving large land-owning families and soon he made a mark for himself in the legal profession of Allahabad. With the success of his practice, in 1900, he bought a large family home in the Civil Lines of the city, rebuilt it and named it Anand Bhavan (lit. Joy house). In 1909 he reached the pinnacle of his legal career by gaining the approval to appear in the Privy Council of Great Britain. His frequent visits to Europe angered the Kashmiri Brahmin community as he refused to perform the traditional "prayashchit", or reformation ceremony, after crossing the ocean (according to Strict Hinduism, one lost one's caste after crossing the ocean, and was required to perform certain penance rites to regain caste). He was the first Chairman of the board of directors of The Leader, a leading daily published from Allahabad.

On 5 February 1919 he launched a new daily paper, The Independent, as a counterblast to The Leader, which was much too liberal for Motilal's standard and articulate thought in 1919.

He started on the path to become wealthy among the few leaders of the Indian National Congress. Under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi in 1918, Nehru became one of the first to transform his life to exclude western clothes and material goods, adopting a more native Indian lifestyle.

To meet the expenses of his large family and large family homes (he built Swaraj Bhavan later), Nehru had to occasionally return to his practice of law. Swaraj Bhawan originally belonged to Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the 19th century Muslim leader and educationist. At the house-warming party, Sir William Moor hoped that this large palatial home in Civil Lines of Allahabad would become the cement holding together the British Empire in India. Paradoxically, the house was bought by Motilal Nehru in 1900, and went on to become a cradle to the Indian Freedom Struggle which was to destroy British rule in India.

Political career
Motilal Nehru twice served as President of the Congress Party, once in Amritsar (1919) and the second time in Calcutta (1928). Elected to preside over the Amritsar Congress (December 1919), Motilal was in the centre of the gathering storm which pulled down many familiar landmarks during the following year. He was the only front rank leader to lend his support to non-co-operation at the special Congress at Calcutta in September 1920. The Calcutta Congress (December 1928) over which Motilal presided was the scene of a head-on clash between those who were prepared to accept Dominion Status and those who would have nothing short of complete independence. A split was averted by a proposal by Mahatma Gandhi, according to which if Britain did not concede Dominion Status within a year, the Congress was to demand complete independence and to fight for it, if necessary, by launching civil disobedience. He was arrested during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Although initially close to Gandhi, he openly criticised Gandhi's suspension of civil resistance in 1922 due to the murder of policemen by a riotous mob in Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh.

Motilal later joined the Swaraj Party, which sought to enter the British-sponsored councils. Motilal had been elected to the United Provinces Legislative Council where he staged the first walk-out in protest of the rejection of a resolution he had moved.  In 1923, Nehru was elected to the new Central Legislative Assembly of British India in New Delhi and became leader of the Opposition. In that role, he was able to secure the defeat, or at least the delay, of Finance bills and other legislation. He agreed to join a Committee with the object of promoting the recruitment of Indian officers into the Indian Army, but this decision contributed to others going further and joining the Government itself.

In March 1926, Nehru demanded a representative conference to draft a constitution conferring full Dominion status on India, to be enacted by the British parliament. This demand was rejected by the Assembly, and as a result Nehru and his colleagues resigned their Assembly seats and returned to the Congress party.

The entry of Motilal's son Jawaharlal Nehru into politics in 1916, started the most powerful and influential Indian political dynasty. When, in 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as Congress president it greatly pleased Motilal and Nehru family admirers to see the son take over from his father. Jawaharlal had opposed his father's preference for dominion status, and had not left the Congress Party when Motilal helped found the Swaraj Party.

Nehru report
Motilal Nehru chaired the famous Nehru Commission in 1928, a counter to the all-British Simon Commission. The Nehru Report, the first constitution written by Indians only, envisioned a dominion status for India within the Empire, akin to Australia, New Zealand and Canada. It was endorsed by the Congress Party, but rejected by more nationalist Indians who sought complete independence. The report was rejected by the Muslim leadership of India, especially MA Jinnah for its unfair rules towards Muslims.

Death and legacy

He was father of India's first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Motilal Nehru's age and declining health kept him out of the historic events of 1929–1931, when the Congress adopted complete independence as its goal and when Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha. He was arrested and imprisoned with his son; but his health gave way and he was released. In the last week of January 1931 Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee were released by the Government as a gesture in that chain of events which was to lead to the Gandhi-lrwin Pact. Motilal had the satisfaction of having his son and Gandhi beside him in his last days. On 6 February 1931 he died.
Motilal Nehru is remembered for being the patriarch of India's most powerful political dynasty which has since produced three Prime Ministers. Two of his great-great-grandsons, Rahul Gandhi, and Varun Gandhi are members of the lower house of Indian parliament, the Loksabha  and belong to the Indian National Congress and BJP parties respectively.

Tribute
Paying tribute to Motilal Nehru, the British Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court, Sir Grimwood Mears, stated:

Works
 The Voice of Freedom: selected speeches of Pandit Motilal Nehru. ed. Kavalam Madhava Panikkar, A. Pershad. Asia Pub. House, 1961
 Motilal Nehru: essays and reflections on his life and times, by Preet Chablani. S. Chand, 1961.
 Selected Works of Motilal Nehru (Volume 1–6), ed. Ravinder Kumar, D. N. Panigrahi. Vikas Pub., 1995. .

Biographies
 Pandit Motilal Nehru: His life and work, by Upendra Chandra Bhattacharyya, Shovendu Sunder Chakravarty. Modern Book Agency, 1934
 Motilal Nehru: a short political biography, by A. Pershad, Promilla Suri. S. Chand, 1961.
 Motilal Nehru (Builders of modern India), by Bal Ram Nanda. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1964.
 Pandit Motilal Nehru, a great patriot, with D. C. Goswami, R. K. Nayak, Shankar Dayal Singh. National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid, 1976

References

Further reading

 Jawaharlal Nehru,  My Autobiography

External links

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