Khutyn Monastery

Khutyn Monastery of Saviour's Transfiguration and of St. Varlaam () is an Orthodox monastery situated on the right bank of the Volkhov River some 10 km north northeast of Novgorod, in the village of Khutyn. It used to be one of the main Christian shrines of  the medieval Novgorod Republic.

The cloister was founded in 1192 by the monastery's first hegumen, the former Novgorodian boyar Oleksa Mikhailovich, whose monastic name was Varlaam. The main church of the monastery was consecrated by Archbishop Gavril of Novgorod the following year, the same year Varlaam died.  He is buried in the main church of the monastery, the Church of the Transfiguration, to the right of the altar. He was the patron saint of Novgorod and the patrilineal ancestor of many families of Russian nobility, including Chelyadnins and Pushkins, of which Alexander Pushkin was a member.

According to Varlaam's saint's Life, Ivan III visited the cloister and wished to see the relics of Saint Varlaam in 1471.  When they opened the saint's tomb, it was full of smoke and fire. Afraid of inflicting divine wrath, Ivan III fled the monastery and Novgorod altogether, leaving his staff as a curiosity to local monks. This staff was exhibited at the cloister's sacristy for centuries to come.

Ivan's son Vasily III ordered the old main church of the monastery demolished and replaced with a noble six-pillared edifice. The new church, completed by 1515 and consecrated by Metropolitan Varlaam (the archiepiscopal office in Novgorod was vacant from 1509-1526), was evidently patterned after the Assumption Cathedral in Rostov. It was the first piece of Muscovite architecture in the Russian North-West and a venerated model for many subsequent churches in the region.

The annex of St. Gabriel, added to the cathedral in 1646, received its present name after the poet Gavrila Derzhavin had been interred here in 1816. The refectory with St Varlaam Church was built on behest of Ivan IV in 1552. The Neoclassical belltower dates from the reign of Catherine the Great.

The vicar of the Novgorodian diocese was, at times, titled Archbishop of Khutyn and lived in the Khutyn Monastery.  For example, Archbishop Aleksei (Simansky) was Archbishop of Khutyn from 1926-1932.  He administered the diocese while Metropolitan Arsenii was imprisoned and in exile in Central Asia.  Aleksei was briefly Archbishop of Novgorod (in 1933) and then Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' (1945-1970).

During the first decades of Soviet rule the monastery housed a lunatic asylum. It was later a vacation home or hostel for visitors to the area.  It was restored to the church in 1993.  While for most of its history it was a male monastery, it is currently a women's convent.

References

External links

St Varlaam Monastery on firebirdvideos.com

Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1515
Category:Novgorod Republic
Category:Buildings and structures in Novgorod Oblast
Category:Russian Orthodox monasteries in Russia
Category:Christian monasteries established in the 12th century


Bazanaj

Bazanaj () is a village in Ruin Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. Its population was 578, in 143 families at the 2006 census.

References

Category:Populated places in Esfarayen County


Gillbach

The stream Gillbach  is a tributary to the Erft in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a length of 28.5 kilometres it flows through the cities of Bergheim, Grevenbroich, and Neuss. At the source the Gillbach provides cooling water for the Niederaussem Power Station. As a consequence, the stream is much warmer than most other streams in Central Europe and even hosts tropical fish species like guppies or convict cichlids that have been released by private pet holders.

See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia

References

Category:Rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Category:Rivers of Germany


2020 Singaporean general election

The Next Singapore general election is scheduled to be held somewhere around 2020, after the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee (EBRC) was convened on August 2019. It will elect the 15th Parliament of Singapore since independence in 1965.

According to the Constitution, the Parliament of Singapore's maximum term is five years from the date of the first sitting of Parliament following a general election, after which it is dissolved by operation of law. However, the Prime Minister may advise the President to dissolve Parliament before the five-year period is up, which might be happening around March or September 2020. A general election must be held within three months after a dissolution of Parliament. Singapore uses the first-past-the-post system of election, and voting is mandatory for all Singaporeans aged at least 21. Elections are conducted by the Elections Department, which is under the Prime Minister's Office.

Background
The next general election will be the 18th general election in Singapore and the 13th since independence. The governing People's Action Party will seek to secure their 15th consecutive term in office since 1959.

Political developments since 2015 General Election

People's Action Party
2015 People's Action Party (PAP) candidate for Aljunied Group Representation Constituency (GRC), Murali Pillai, who lost the election to the Workers' Party team, was elected as PAP Member of Parliament (MP) for Bukit Batok Single Member Constituency (SMC) in a by-election on 7 May 2016. This comes following the resignation of the constituency's former MP, David Ong over personal indiscretion.

On 7 August 2017, Speaker of Parliament and PAP MP for Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC Halimah Yacob vacated her seat in order to stand for the 2017 Presidential Election. Presidential candidates are not allowed to be affiliated with any political parties and MPs who quit from the party they were elected under will automatically have their seats vacated.

The PAP elected both Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat and Trade and Industry Minister Chan Chun Sing as the party's first and second assistant secretary-general respectively in the PAP's 35th Central Executive Committee on 23 November 2018. The post of assistant secretary general is a wild indicator of Prime Minister (PM) Lee Hsien Loong's successor given that the upcoming election is likely to be Mr Lee's last election as the PM of Singapore.

On 1 May 2019, Mr Heng took over Deputy Prime Ministers Teo Chee Hean and Tharman Shamugaratnam as Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister (DPM). This officially puts DPM Heng to be Singapore's next PM when PM Lee steps down.

The Workers' Party
The Workers' Party (WP) elected Pritam Singh as the party's new secretary-general on 8 April 2018. This comes after the party's previous secretary-general, Low Thia Khiang, who has served the position for 17 years since 2001 has indicated that he will step down to make way for new blood.

Other opposition parties

Two new parties and one new alliance were formed. Former leader of the National Solidarity Party, Lim Tean formed a party called Peoples Voice which was officially registered by the Registry of Societies (ROS) on 31 October 2018. 2011 Presidential Election candidate and former PAP MP for Ayer Rajah SMC Dr Tan Cheng Bock returns to politics under the opposition umbrella. Dr Tan created the Progress Singapore Party (PSP) together with several former PAP members on 18 January 2019. PSP was officially registered by the ROS on 28 March 2019.

On 3 January 2020, four opposition parties: Singaporeans First, People's Power Party, the Reform Party and Democratic Progressive Party made a formal plan to contest the upcoming election as an alliance.

Singapore People's Party (SPP) saw its first major leadership change since its formation. On 16 October 2019, opposition veteran Chiam See Tong stepped down as secretary-general of the SPP after holding the post for 23 years since December 1996. Former Non-Constituency Member of Parliament Steve Chia took over the post on 5 November 2019.

Changes in election process
The Elections Department introduced several new features for this election to help ease the election process for voters, candidates and election volunteers. Voters will be able to mark their candidate(s) choices more clearly using self-inking pens and enjoy shorter queuing time with the introduction of the e-registration system. Candidates are able to fill in most of the necessary documents online while election volunteers are able to count the number of votes within a shorter duration with the help of counting machines, enabling election results to be released at least 50 minutes earlier.

Electoral divisions

The Electoral Boundaries Review Committee (EBRC) normally publishes an updated list of electoral divisions just before elections are called. Prior to the latest amendments, there were 16 GRCs, each with four, five or six seats, and 13 Single Member Constituencies (SMC). There were a total of 89 seats contested in the 2015 general election.

On 1 August 2019, Lee convened the EBRC. The formation was only publicly announced on 4 September 2019, however the formation date was superficially stated as the month of August. The exact date of formation was not known until it was publicly answered on 7 October that year, when Opposition Leader Pritam Singh asked Trade and Industry Minister, Chan Chun Sing in a written reply.

See also
 Constituencies of Singapore
 Elections in Singapore
 List of political parties in Singapore

Notes

References

Category:Elections in Singapore
Singapore general election


Gmina Lubsza

__NOTOC__
Gmina Lubsza is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeg County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Lubsza, which lies approximately  north-east of Brzeg and  north-west of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 8,577.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park.

Villages
Gmina Lubsza contains the villages and settlements of Błota, Borek, Borucice, Boruta, Czepielowice, Dobrzyń, Garbów, Kopalina, Kościerzyce, Książkowice, Lednica, Leśna Woda, Lubicz, Lubsza, Mąkoszyce, Michałowice, Myśliborzyce, Nowe Kolnie, Nowy Świat, Piastowice, Pisarzowice, Raciszów, Rogalice, Roszkowice, Śmiechowice, Stawy, Szydłowice, Tarnowiec, Zamcze and Złotówka.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Lubsza is bordered by the town of Brzeg and by the gminas of Jelcz-Laskowice, Namysłów, Oława, Popielów, Skarbimierz and Świerczów.

References
Polish official population figures 2006

Lubsza
Category:Brzeg County


MHRA Style Guide

The MHRA Style Guide: A Handbook for Authors, Editors, and Writers of Theses (formerly the MHRA Style Book) is an academic style guide published by the Modern Humanities Research Association and most widely used in the arts and humanities in the United Kingdom, where the MHRA is based. It is available for sale both in the UK and in the United States.

The 3rd edition (updated 2013) can be downloaded free from the MHRA's official website.

Publication history

MHRA Style Book
 1971: first edition
 1978: second edition
 1981: third edition
 1991: fourth edition
 1995: fourth edition reprinted with amendments
 1996: fifth edition

MHRA Style Guide
 20

External links
 MHRA Style Guide

Category:Style guides for British English
Category:Academic style guides


Fairfield, Utah

Fairfield is a town in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the southwest corner of Cedar Valley about  southwest of Salt Lake City and  south of Cedar Fort on Utah State Route 73, west of Utah Lake. The population was 119 at the 2010 census.

History

The town was founded in 1855 when John Carson, his four brothers, and others settled in the Cedar Valley. The settlement was soon known as Frogtown. The population ballooned after the arrival of Johnston's Army in 1858-59, sent to Utah to suppress the rumored rebellion there. The army established a nearby camp called Camp Floyd, and the population grew to over 7,000, including 3,500 troops (nearly one-third of the entire U.S. Army at that time), teamsters, gamblers, and camp followers of various persuasions. With no rebellion taking place, the troops were recalled in 1861, sent east to fight for the Union with the outbreak of the Civil War.

Frogtown became Fairfield in 1861, named after Amos Fielding, who had participated in establishing the community.

The Stagecoach Inn, located in Fairfield and now a museum, was used by travelers passing through via stage coach, military personnel, and riders on the Pony Express trail.

Fairfield incorporated in 2004 due to concerns about growth from surrounding communities. Besides agriculture, the town is a destination for Camp Floyd tourists, and home to a large construction landfill.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 119 people living in the town. There were 41 housing units. The racial makeup was 95.8% White, 1.7% from some other race, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.

See also

 List of cities and towns in Utah
 Utah War

References

External links

Category:Towns in Utah
Category:Fairfield, Utah
Category:Pony Express stations
Category:Populated places established in 1855
Category:1855 establishments in Utah Territory
Category:Towns in Utah County, Utah
Category:Provo–Orem metropolitan area


Louis d'Albret

Louis d'Albret (1422–1465) was a French Cardinal. He was a son of Charles II of Albret, Count of Dreux.

He was bishop of Aire in 1445, bishop of Cahors in 1460. He was created Cardinal in 1461. In 1465 he was Bishop of Tarbes and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

When he died in 1461, Cardinal d'Albret was buried at Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome on a tomb by Andrea Bregno.

He was the uncle of Cardinal Amanieu d'Albret.

References

External links
Coat of Arms, Santa Maria in Aracoeli, Rome

Category:1422 births
Category:1465 deaths
Category:French cardinals
Category:Bishops of Aire
Category:Bishops of Cahors
Category:Bishops of Mirepoix
Category:Bishops of Tarbes
Louis


Phototroph

Phototrophs (Gr: φῶς, φωτός = light, τροϕή = nourishment) are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates) and acquire energy.  They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes.  It is a common misconception that phototrophs are obligatorily photosynthetic.  Many, but not all, phototrophs often photosynthesize: they anabolically convert carbon dioxide into organic material to be utilized structurally, functionally, or as a source for later catabolic processes (e.g. in the form of starches, sugars and fats).  All phototrophs either use electron transport chains or direct proton pumping to establish an electrochemical gradient which is utilized by ATP synthase, to provide the molecular energy currency for the cell. Phototrophs can be either autotrophs or heterotrophs. If their electron and hydrogen donors are inorganic compounds (e.g. , as in some purple sulfur bacteria, or , as in some green sulfur bacteria) they can be also called lithotrophs, and so, some photoautotrophs are also called photolithoautotrophs. Examples of phototroph organisms are:  Rhodobacter capsulatus, Chromatium, Chlorobium etc.

History
Originally used with a different meaning, the term took its current definition after Lwoff and collaborators (1946).

Photoautotroph
Most of the well-recognized phototrophs are autotrophic, also known as photoautotrophs, and can fix carbon. They can be contrasted with chemotrophs that obtain their energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. Photoautotrophs are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source. Green plants and photosynthetic bacteria are photoautotrophs. Photoautotrophic organisms are sometimes referred to as holophytic. Such organisms derive their energy for food synthesis from light and are capable of using carbon dioxide as their principal source of carbon.

Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use chlorophyll for light-energy capture and oxidize water, "splitting" it into molecular oxygen.  In contrast, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria have a substance called bacteriochlorophyll – which absorbs predominantly at non-optical wavelengths – for light-energy capture, live in aquatic environments, and will, using light, oxidize chemical substances such as hydrogen sulfide rather than water.

Ecology
In an ecological context, phototrophs are often the food source for neighboring heterotrophic life. In terrestrial environments, plants are the predominant variety, while aquatic environments include a range of phototrophic organisms such as algae (e.g., kelp), other protists (such as euglena), phytoplankton, and bacteria (such as cyanobacteria). The depth to which sunlight or artificial light can penetrate into water, so that photosynthesis may occur, is known as the photic zone.

Cyanobacteria, which are prokaryotic organisms which carry out oxygenic photosynthesis, occupy many environmental conditions, including fresh water, seas, soil, and lichen. Cyanobacteria carry out plant-like photosynthesis because the organelle in plants that carries out photosynthesis is derived from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium. This bacterium can use water as a source of electrons in order to perform CO2  reduction reactions. Evolutionarily, cyanobacteria's ability to survive in oxygenic conditions, which are considered toxic to most anaerobic bacteria, might have given the bacteria an adaptive advantage which could have allowed the cyanobacteria to populate more efficiently.

A photolithoautotroph is an autotrophic organism that uses light energy, and an inorganic electron donor (e.g., H2O, H2, H2S), and CO2 as its carbon source. Examples include plants.

Photoheterotroph

In contrast to photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs are organisms that depend solely on light for their energy and principally on organic compounds for their carbon. Photoheterotrophs produce ATP through photophosphorylation but use environmentally obtained organic compounds to build structures and other bio-molecules.

Flowchart

Autotroph
Chemoautotroph
Photoautotroph
Retinalophototroph
Heterotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Photoheterotroph

See also
Primary nutritional groups
Prototroph

References

Category:Photosynthesis
Category:Trophic ecology
Category:Microbial growth and nutrition
Category:Biology terminology


Amanda Cottreau

Amanda Cottreau is a Canadian folk singer-songwriter based in Ottawa, Ontario. Amanda is a member of songwriters association of Canada. Amanda made it to round 2 of CBC searchlight contest 2015 with Lady Lover and featured vocalist on a second song, Little Bird.

Career
Amanda begun her musical career as a lead background vocals in a worship band from 1998-2003 which was based in Kingston, Ontario. Later she worked with Ryan Potter, an Ottawa-based musician and producer. In November 2010, Amanda released her first solo album Universe in a Soft Shell. In 2012, one of the tracks Couldn't Wait from the album Universe in a Soft Shell was featured on TV series Degrassi: The Next Generation.

Amanda has performed over a hundred shows between Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia along with Lucila Al Mar, JustJamaal & Raymundo Pizana.

Discography

References

External links

Category:Canadian female singer-songwriters
Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from Gatineau
Category:Musicians from Ottawa
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Total Entertainment!

Total Entertainment! is the fifth studio album, seventh album overall, by American queercore band Pansy Division, released on August 12, 2003 by Alternative Tentacles.

Track listing

Personnel
Pansy Division
Chris Freeman – bass, vocals
Jon Ginoli – rhythm guitar, vocals
Patrick Goodwin – lead guitar, vocals
Luis Illades – drums, saxophone, vocals

Additional musicians
Victor Krummenacher – acoustic guitar on track 6
Scott Wagar – tambourine on tracks 2 and 4
Danny Cao – trumpet on tracks 7, 8 and 10
Doug Hilsinger – pedal steel guitar on track 14
Josh Pollock – banjo on track 14
Chris Xefos – keyboards

References

Category:2003 albums
Category:Pansy Division albums
Category:Alternative Tentacles albums


Carvery

A carvery is a pub or a restaurant where cooked meat is freshly sliced to order for customers, sometimes offering unlimited servings in a buffet style for a fixed price. The term is most commonly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Cyprus, and Commonwealth countries like Canada and Australia, but it is also found in the United States.

Description
Carveries are often found in pubs and hotels, and are particularly commonly held at weekends, when they offer traditional Sunday roasts to a potentially large number of people. The meat is usually accompanied by a choice of potatoes (generally at least boiled, mashed and roasted) also stuffing followed by other vegetables (commonly including carrots, parsnips, peas and other traditional British vegetables), with gravy and a sauce considered a traditional accompaniment to the various meats (for example, mint sauce to accompany roast lamb, apple sauce to accompany roast pork and so on).

Examples
Carveries existed as early as 1956 in London, in two Lyons Corner Houses.  One of the restaurants, in each of the Strand and the Tottenham Court Road Lyons, was a carvery.  They provided a three-course meal with beverage, but all but the carvery items were served by a Nippy (waitress).  Even the carvery table had an employee to help those having difficulty in the actual carving.  The price at this time was five shillings.

In the 1970s and later, many more carveries appeared in London. One well-known carvery was situated in the Regent Palace Hotel.  The restaurant there was on the ground floor, the Art Deco ceiling of which has been reassembled in the new Air W1 building.

Later they were operated by pub chains such as Harvester, Brewer's Fayre and Beefeater.  The Toby Carvery brand took over many former Beefeater sites.

The chain of Fuzzy's Grub in London is a noted carvery, being voted "Best Traditional British Restaurant, but all but the carv in London" in Harden's 2007 guide.

Carveries are also commonly offered by many local pubs.

United States
Some restaurants in the US use the term or concept, and it is a staple at some buffets. Examples include:
 The House of Prime Rib, a prime rib carvery in San Francisco, California
 Lawry's may be described as a carvery (serving almost exclusively roast beef), and uses the term for one branch, Lawry's Carvery
 The Sign of the Beefcarver, a carvery chain in Michigan
Most California-style hofbrau restaurants may also be considered carveries.

See also

 Sunday roast
 Rodízio, a style of service where the server cuts meat from a skewer at the table

References

Category:Restaurants by type
Category:Serving and dining
Category:Buffet restaurants


Gravesend, Rosherville and Northfleet Tramways

Gravesend, Rosherville and Northfleet Tramways operated a tramway service between Gravesend, Kent and Northfleet between 1883 and 1901.

History

Services started on 15 June 1883 on a horse-drawn tramway from Leather Bottle, Northfleet to Wellington Street, Gravesend running at half-hour intervals.

Closure

In 1901 the company was taken over by the Gravesend and Northfleet Electric Tramways, a subsidiary of British Electric Traction.

References

Category:Tram transport in England
Category:History of Gravesend, Kent
Category:3 ft 6 in gauge railways in England


Mangahao Power Station

Mangahao Power Station is a hydroelectric power station near the town of Shannon, New Zealand. After being delayed by war, access road construction and foundation testing was started by late 1919 and the station opened in November 1924. It makes use of Mangahao River, through a series of tunnels and pipelines totaling 4.8 kilometers, in the Tararua Ranges. As of 2012, it is jointly owned and operated by Todd Energy and King Country Energy.

When commissioned, Mangahao Power Station was the main power station serving the lower North Island, with transmission lines connecting Mangahao with Wellington, Palmerston North, Whanganui, Masterton, Napier and Hastings. The power station was connected through to the Waikaremoana hydro scheme in 1929 and through to Arapuni Dam in 1934, forming the basis of the North Island transmission grid.

References

Beneath the Tararua Ranges (page down)

Further reading

External links

Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1924
Category:Hydroelectric power stations in New Zealand
Category:Buildings and structures in Manawatū-Whanganui


Canadian Professional Figure Skating Championships

The Canadian Professional Figure Skating Championships (known after 1998 as the Canadian Open pro-am competition) was an elite made-for-TV figure skating competition. It was created by Dick Button, a 2-time Olympic gold medalist, through his production company Candid Productions. It usually took place in December.  For most of its existence, it was an unsanctioned professional event, meaning that skaters who participated lost their eligibility to compete in the Winter Olympic Games and other "amateur" skating events controlled by the International Skating Union.

History
The first professional championship was held in 1994 in Hamilton, Ontario. Skaters competed in three disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. It was held again in 1995, 1996 and 1997 as a professional competition. In 1998 the competition was reworked to both include ice dancing for the first time and allow both amateur and professional skaters to compete against each other in a pro-am style competition. From 2000 to 2002 ice dancing was again not included in the events. The competition was last held in 2002 and was held in different Canadian venues and cities from year to year.

Professional champions

References
Information at goldenskate.com
Partial results on A Canadian Figure Skating Fan Page

External links
The Rise and Fall of the Pro Skating World
Skating Turns Pro part 1 part 2 part 3 part 4 part 5

Category:Figure skating competitions
Category:Figure skating in Canada

ja:世界プロフィギュア選手権
zh:世界职业花样滑冰锦标赛


Robert Moulson

Robert Moulson (26 November 1932 - 15 August 2003) was an American classical tenor who had an active international career in operas and concerts from the late 1950s through the 1980s. He became particularly associated with the role of Lenny Small in Carlisle Floyd's Of Mice and Men; a role which he recorded and portrayed in its original production at the Seattle Opera in 1970.

Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Moulson studied with Frederick Jagel and Samuel Margolis in New York City before making his professional opera debut in 1958 with the New York City Opera as Sam Polk in Carlisle Floyd's Susannah. The New York Times stated of his performance that "Moulson's singing was excellent. His voice is a light but brilliant and well focused instrument of the sort that carries well in performance." He returned to that house several times up through 1983 in such roles as Pinkerton in Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly, Alfredo in Giuseppe Verdi's La traviata, and Lenny Small in Floyd's Of Mice and Men.

Moulson notably created the role of Lenny Small in the world premiere of Floyd's opera at the Seattle Opera in 1970. He became widely identified with the part in following years, recording the role and portraying it with numerous opera companies throughout North America including the Houston Grand Opera in 1977. He returned to Houston in 1981 to portray Sugar Boy in the world premiere of Floyd's Willie Stark. Other roles in which he excelled were Aegisthus in Elektra, Canio in Pagliacci, Cavaradossi in Tosca, Don José in Carmen, the Duke of Mantua in Rigoletto, Edgardo in Lucia di Lammermoor, Don Fernando in La Favorite, Radames in Aida, and the title roles in Don Carlo, Faust, The Tales of Hoffmann, and Oedipus Rex.

Moulson also sang at other major American opera houses during his career, including the Opera Company of Boston, the Pittsburgh Opera, Portland Opera, Cincinnati Opera, the New Orleans Opera, and the San Francisco Opera. On the international stage he was particularly active in West Germany, appearing as a guest artist at the Hamburg State Opera, the Staatsoper Stuttgart, the Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt, the Deutsche Oper am Rhein, and at the opera houses in Cologne and Hanover. He also made a few appearances with the Vancouver Opera.

References

Category:1932 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:American operatic tenors
Category:People from Roswell, Georgia
Category:Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:20th-century American opera singers
Category:20th-century male singers


Airdeconut

Airdeconut () was a Norse King of Northumbria. Numismatic evidence suggests he was a Christian and he probably ruled in Northern England around the year 900.

Discovery
In 2011 a hoard of coins and jewellery was discovered near Silverdale, Lancashire, England. One of the coins discovered in this hoard carries the name  on one side, and the letters  (an abbreviation of )  on the other.  translates as "the Lord and King". Officials of the British Museum have said the inscription Airdeconut might be a rendering of the Norse name Harthacnut. Experts from the museum have identified that the coin's design relates to coins of the kings Siefredus and Cnut (Sigfroðr and Knútr in Old Norse), who ruled the Viking kingdom of Northumbria jointly between 895 and 905. The coin is also significant since it suggests Airdeconut was a Christian – the reverse inscription  ()  is arranged in a cross.

This coin is the only piece of evidence for the existence of a ruler of Northumbria by the name of Harthacnut. According to Dr Gareth Williams, curator of early medieval coins at the British Museum, the discovery of the existence of Airdeconut represents the first new Medieval king in England discovered for over fifty years and the first previously-unknown Norse king discovered since 1840.

Historical background
It is likely that Airdeconut was one of several kings who shared power in Viking Northumbria at the start of the tenth century. The period was one of political instability – the ruling Vikings of Dublin were expelled in 902 and some of them came to England. Several of these later reigned over Northumbria as kings in York. There was much conflict between the Anglo-Saxons of Mercia and Wessex and the Vikings of Northumbria in this period. It culminated in the Battle of Tettenhall in 910 when a combined Wessexian-Mercian army dealt a decisive defeat to a Viking army raiding in Mercia, killing several northern kings including Eowils and Halfdan.

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Category:Monarchs of Jorvik
Category:Viking warriors
Category:10th-century English monarchs


Athletics at the Friendship Games – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event  at the Friendship Games was held on 16 August 1984 at the Evžen Rošický Stadium in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Results

See also
Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put

References

Category:Athletics at the Friendship Games


Star Trek Concordance

The Star Trek Concordance is a reference book by Bjo Trimble about the television series Star Trek.  The first edition was self-published in 1969.  A mass-market edition was published in 1976.  The 1976 edition contains summaries from every episode of The Original Series and The Animated Series, as well as an encyclopedia of characters and technology from the series. It was used as a reference (show bible) for later writers of the show.

History
The Concordance originated as a privately printed fandom publication by Dorothy Jones Heydt in 1968. Originally, Heydt compiled notes on 3x5 notecards. Trimble suggested they write a book, and as the pair watched episodes on television, as well as on an early VCR, they made notes on which the book was based. In 1969, Trimble edited and self-published The Star Trek Concordance, covering the first two years of the series. In the Introduction to the Ballantine Concordance Trimble explains the origins of the book:

A supplement covering the third season was subsequently published in 1973.

In 1976, Ballantine published the first publicly distributed edition of the Concordance.  At one time, the Ballantine edition was the best-selling trade edition book published in the United States. But due to Ballantine's concerns, at the time, of waning interest in Star Trek, it was decided to not reprint the book. An updated edition of the book would not be reprinted until 1995.

Overview
Integrated into the front cover is a moving wheel which cross-references episodes by title, star date, "call letters" and page in the book. This facilitates finding episodes in the book.

Bjo Trimble dedicates the book to three men, one of them series creator Gene Roddenberry. She wrote, "Dedicated to... Gene Roddenberry for creating Star Trek in the first place." There is also an introduction by Trimble where she explains how the book was developed and acknowledges those who assisted her. The preface by Dorothy Jones Heydt, dated June 1968, follows. In it Heydt explains her contribution to the Concordance, as well as Roddenberry's concept of the stardate:

True to its origins in fandom, the Fan Art chapter contains several fan drawings depicting U.S.S. Enterprise personnel, aliens, other characters and Star Fleet insignias.

The Timeline chapter features an episode timeline in tabular format listing each episode by its stardate and page number. The first episode listed in the Timeline is "The Magicks of Megas-tu", stardate 1254.4, and the last episode is "Bem", stardate 7403.6.

The Summaries part of the book contains the following chapters: First Season, Second Season, Third Season, and Animateds. A detailed plot summary and list of characters are provided for each episode. The first summary is "The Man Trap", air date September 8, 1966. The last summary is "The Counter-Clock Incident", air date October 12, 1974. The animated chapter is illustrated, unlike the live action chapters.

The Lexicon chapter is an extensive and exhaustive alphabetical encyclopedia of characters, planets, ships, medicine, weaponry, etc., used in the series. It is also illustrated. Some entries in the Lexicon are provided for context. For example, there is an entry for author Lewis Carroll, even though he doesn't appear in the series. His entry appears thus:

Use as reference material
According to Richard Arnold, at the time he came to Paramount in the mid-70s, The Making of Star Trek and the Concordance were the only references in use. Trimble is acknowledged by the authors of The Star Trek Encyclopedia and Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology as a research consultant. Trimble said in 1999,

The Concordance contained errors, according to Arnold. For example, Susan Howard from the "Day of the Dove" episode, was accidentally omitted. This error would be reproduced later in The Star Trek Compendium and wouldn't be corrected until the second edition.

See also

Star Trek canon
Treknobabble

References

External links

 "Richard Arnold: the Interview", rec.arts.startrek, archived
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5

Category:1969 books
Category:1977 books
Category:Star Trek reference books
Category:Star Trek fandom
Category:Encyclopedias of fictional worlds
Category:Self-published books


Jonathan Kakou

Jonathan Kakou (born 18 December 1989) is a footballer who plays as a defender for AS Magenta.

References

Category:1989 births
Category:Living people
Category:New Caledonian footballers
Category:New Caledonia international footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:AS Lössi players
Category:AS Magenta players


Index of United States-related articles

The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the United States of America.

0–9
.gov – Internet top-level domain for the government of the United States
.mil – Internet top-level domain for the United States Armed Forces
.us – Internet country code top-level domain for the United States
9/11 (2002 film)
10th Mountain Division
50 state quarters
51st state

A

Abortion in the United States
Acting President of the United States
Adolescent sexuality in the United States
Adoption in the United States
African American
Alabama
Alaska
Aleutian Archipelago
Alexander Archipelago
American:
Alternative words for American
American (disambiguation)
American Airlines
American Civil War
American dream
American English
Comparison of American and British English
American Enlightenment
American exceptionalism
American folklore
American football
American imperialism
American literature
American mythology
American Revolution
American Revolutionary War
American Samoa
Telecommunications in American Samoa
American studies
Hyphenated American
American-born Chinese
Americanization
Americas
North America
Northern America
Islands of the United States
Arctic Ocean
Beaufort Sea
North Atlantic Ocean
Gulf of Mexico
North Pacific Ocean
Aleutian Archipelago
Alexander Archipelago
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Gulf of Alaska
Inside Passage
Amtrak, rail passenger service
Anglo-America
Anti-Americanism
Anti-French sentiment in the United States
Arab American
Architecture of the United States
Arctic of northern Alaska
Arctic Ocean
Areas disputed by Canada and the United States
Arizona
Arkansas
Arts and entertainment in the United States
Asian American
Atlantic Ocean
Atlas of the United States of America

B
Baker Island
Bald eagle
Bank of America
Banking in the United States
Baseball Hall of Fame
Basketball Hall of Fame
Battles of the Mexican–American War
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Bipartidism
Black Hills
Black Hills Gold Rush
BNSF Railway
Broadcasting Board of Governors
Broadway theatre
Brother Jonathan
Buddhism in the United States

C
California
California Gold Rush
List of capitals in the United States: Washington, District of Columbia
Capital punishment in the United States
Case law in the United States
Chicano
Chief Justice of the United States
Chinese American
Chinese in the United States
Christianity in the United States
Coca-Cola
Cold War
Colonial America
Colorado
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
Comstock laws
Communications in the United States
Confederate States of America
Congressional power of enforcement
Connecticut
Continental United States
County
County statistics of the United States
Cuisine of the United States
Culture of the United States

D
Dance of the United States
Death Valley – lowest point in the United States and all of North America
Declaration of war by the United States
Delaware
Demographic history of the United States
Demographics of the United States
Denali (Mount McKinley) – highest point in the United States and all of North America
Designated survivor
District of Columbia – federal capital district
District of Columbia and United States Territories Quarters
Dual intent
Dust Bowl

E
E pluribus unum
Economy of the United States
Education in the United States
Elections in the United States
Ellis Island
Elvis Presley
Emergency Banking Act
English colonization of the Americas
English language
English-only movement
Environmental movement in the United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
European colonization of the Americas
European American
Exceptionalism
Executive Office of the President of the United States
Extreme Points of the United States

F

FBI Most Wanted Terrorists
Federal assistance in the United States
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FedEx
Federal Reserve
First Lady of the United States
Flag of the United States of America
Flags of the U.S. states and territories
Florida
Ford Motor Company
Foreign relations of the United States
Franksgiving
French colonization of the Americas
French in the United States

G

General Motors Corporation
General of the Army
Geography of the United States
Georgia
German in the United States
G. I. American Universities
Ghost towns of the United States
Government of the United States
Great American Boycott
Great Lakes
Lake Erie
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Ontario
Lake Superior
Great Seal of the United States of America
Guam
Gulf of Alaska
Gulf of Mexico
Gun violence in the United States

H
Hawaii
Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Hispanic and Latino Americans
Historical outline of the United States
Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
History of the United States
Holidays of the United States
Homeownership in the United States
Honorary Citizen of the United States
Hooverville
Howland Island
Human rights in the United States
Human Rights Record of the United States
Hyphenated American

I
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Immigration to the United States
Indian American
Income in the United States
Independent agencies of the United States government
Inside Passage
Insular area
Interstate highway
Internet access in the United States
International rankings of the United States
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code for the United States: US
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code for the United States: USA
ISO 3166-2:US region codes for the United States
Iowa
Islam in the United States
Islands of the United States

J
Japanese American
Jarvis Island
Jim Crow Laws
Johnston Atoll

K
Kansas
Kentucky
Kingman Reef
Know Nothing
Korean American

L
Languages in the United States
Laotian American
Law of the United States
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Louisiana
Lighthouses in the United States
Lists related to the United States of America:
Awards and decorations of the United States military
Diplomatic missions of the United States
List of federally recognized tribes by state
List of federally recognized tribes
Gun violence in the United States by state
Historical outline of the United States
International rankings of the United States
Landmark decisions in the United States
List of airlines of the United States
List of American cheeses
List of American television programs by date
List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
List of AZA member zoos and aquariums
List of canals in the United States
List of conflicts in the United States
List of contract law enforcement cities (US)
List of criminal competencies
List of defunct airlines of the United States
List of diplomatic missions in the United States
List of fatal alligator attacks in the United States by decade
List of fatal, unprovoked shark attacks in the United States
List of former United States counties
List of high school athletic conferences in Indiana
List of hospitals in Washington, D.C.
List of indoor arenas in the United States
List of islands of the United States
List of Jewish political milestones in the United States
List of lakes in the United States
List of lakes of the United States by area
List of landmark African-American legislation
List of longest rivers in the United States by state
List of official United States national symbols
List of sister cities in the United States
List of smoking bans in the United States
List of soccer clubs in the United States
List of Social Security legislation (United States)
List of tallest buildings in the United States
List of tallest buildings by U.S. state and territory
List of tariffs in the United States
List of the highest major mountain peaks of the United States
List of the largest school districts in the United States by enrollment
List of the most isolated major mountain peaks of the United States
List of the most popular names in the 1990s in the United States
List of the most prominent mountain peaks of the United States
List of the tallest statues in the United States
List of tribal colleges and universities
List of U.S. cities with diacritics
List of U.S. National Forests
List of U.S. security clearance terms
List of U.S. stadiums by capacity
List of U.S. state portals
List of U.S. states and territories by area
List of U.S. states and territories by population
List of United States cities by area
List of United States cities by population
List of United States companies by state
List of United States congressional lists
List of United States federal legislation
List of United States local bus agencies by ridership
List of United States Secret Service Field Offices
List of unrecognized tribes in the United States
List of victims of fatal snake bites in the United States by decade
Lists of mountain peaks of the United States
Lists of U.S. cities with non-white majority populations
Lists of United States Supreme Court cases
Rock formations in the United States
State recognized tribes
Topic outline of the United States
United States observance
United States records in track and field
Literature of the United States

M
Maine
Manifest Destiny
Maps of the United States
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mauna Kea – tallest mountain on Earth as measured from base to summit
Mauna Loa – most massive mountain on Earth
McCarthyism
McDonald's
Mean center of U.S. population
Media in the United States
Mexican–American War
Michigan
Midway Atoll
Military history of the United States
Military of the United States
Minnesota
Miranda warning
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Mount McKinley (Denali) – highest point in the United States and all of North America
Mountain peaks of the United States
Movies of the United States
Music of the United States

N
NASA
National Alliance of Community Economic Development Associations
National Atlas of the United States
National Basketball Association
National Basketball Association All-Star Game
National Basketball League
National Park Service
Native Americans
Navassa Island
Nebraska
Neoconservatism (United States)
Nevada
New Deal
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
No knock warrant
North America
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern America
Northern Mariana Islands

O
October surprise
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Oregon boundary dispute
Oregon Mission
Oregon Trail
Origins of the American Civil War

P
Pacific Islander American
Pacific Ocean
Palmyra Atoll
Panic of 1837
Pax Americana
Peace Corps
Pennsylvania
The Pentagon
Pike's Peak Gold Rush
Pledge of Allegiance
Poetry of the United States
Political divisions of the United States
List of federal political scandals in the United States
Politics of the United States
Pony Express
Portuguese in the United States
Postmaster General of the United States
Poverty in the United States
Preemption of state and local laws in the United States
President of the United States
Prohibition in the United States
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico on stamps

Q
Quasi-War

R
Racial segregation in the United States
Red Scare
Red state vs. blue state divide
Religion in the United States
Renewable energy commercialization in the United States
Republic of Lakotah
Revenue stamps of the United States
Rhode Island
Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States
Norman Rockwell
Rocky Mountains
Roman Catholicism in the United States
Rosie the Riveter

S
Salad bowl (cultural idea)
Same-sex marriage in the United States
Science in America
Second Lady of the United States
Secondary education in the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks
Closings and cancellations following the September 11, 2001 attacks
List of federal political scandals in the United States
Sino-American relations
Social issues in the United States
Social Security (United States)
Social structure of the United States
Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
South Carolina
South Dakota
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish in the United States
Spanish language
Spanish–American War
Speakeasy
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Stamps and postal history of the United States
Standard of living in the United States
State constitution (United States)
State legislature (United States)
State of the Union Address
State portals
Statue of Liberty
Stereotypes of Americans
Superfund sites in the United States
Supreme Court of the United States
Swedish colonization of the Americas
Swinburne Island

T
Taiwanese American
Taxation in the United States
Technological innovations of the United States
Television in the United States
Tennessee
Territories of the United States
Territories of the United States on stamps
Texas
Thirteen Colonies
Time in the United States
Timelines:
Historical outline of the United States
Timeline of United States diplomatic history
Timeline of United States history
Timeline of United States railway history
Topic outline of the United States
Torture and the United States
Township
Tornado Alley
Transportation in the United States
Treasurer of the United States
Trucking industry in the United States

U
Uncle Sam
Underage drinking in America
Unincorporated territories of the United States
United Airlines Flight 93
United Nations
United States and state-sponsored terrorism
United States and state terrorism
The United States and weapons of mass destruction
United States of America:
Federal district of the United States:
 District of Columbia
States of the United States of America:
 State of Alabama
 State of Alaska
 State of Arizona
 State of Arkansas
 State of California
 State of Colorado
 State of Connecticut
 State of Delaware
 State of Florida
 State of Georgia
 State of Hawaii
 State of Idaho
 State of Illinois
 State of Indiana
 State of Iowa
 State of Kansas
 Commonwealth of Kentucky
 State of Louisiana
 State of Maine
 State of Maryland
 Commonwealth of Massachusetts
 State of Michigan
 State of Minnesota
 State of Mississippi
 State of Missouri
 State of Montana
 State of Nebraska
 State of Nevada
 State of New Hampshire
 State of New Jersey
 State of New Mexico
 State of New York
 State of North Carolina
 State of North Dakota
 State of Ohio
 State of Oklahoma
 State of Oregon
 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
 State of Rhode Island
 State of South Carolina
 State of South Dakota
 State of Tennessee
 State of Texas
 State of Utah
 State of Vermont
 Commonwealth of Virginia
 State of Washington
 State of West Virginia
 State of Wisconsin
 State of Wyoming
Territories of the United States:
 Territory of American Samoa
 Territory of Guam
 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
 Territory of the United States Virgin Islands
 United States minor outlying islands: Bajo Nuevo Bank, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, Serranilla Bank, and Wake Island
U.S. Census
U.S. customary units
U.S. Electoral College
U.S. postal abbreviations
U.S. presidential election
U.S. presidential nominating convention
U.S. state
U.S. state temperature extremes
United States Bill of Rights
United States Capitol
United States coinage
United States Constitution
United States constitutional law
United States copyright law
United States Declaration of Independence
United States Democratic party
United States dollar
United States embargo against Cuba
United States government:
United States government executive branch:
President of the United States
United States National Security Advisor
United States National Security Council
Vice President of the United States
United States Cabinet
United States Attorney General
United States Department of Agriculture
United States Forest Service
United States Department of Commerce
United States Census Bureau
United States Copyright Office
United States Patent and Trademark Office
United States Department of Defense
United States Secretary of Defense
Military history of the United States
United States Air Force
United States Army
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy
United States National Guard
United States service academies
United States Department of Education
United States Department of Energy
United States Department of Health and Human Services
United States Department of Homeland Security
United States Coast Guard
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
United States Department of Justice
United States Department of Labor
United States Department of State
United States Secretary of State
Office of the United States Trade Representative
United States Department of the Interior
United States Bureau of Reclamation
United States Department of the Treasury
United States Department of Transportation
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Central Intelligence Agency
United States Marshals Service
United States Office of the Independent Counsel
United States Office of Management and Budget
United States Postal Service
United States Secret Service
United States Surgeon General
United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology
U.S. Internal Revenue Service
United States government judicial branch:
United States court of appeals
United States district court
United States Supreme Court
United States government legislative branch:
United States Congress
United States Senate
Vice President of the United States
Majority Leader of the United States Senate
Minority Leader of the United States Senate
Majority Whip of the United States Senate
Minority Whip of the United States Senate
United States Senate committees
United States House of Representatives
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives
Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives
Majority Whip of the United States House of Representatives
Minority Whip of the United States House of Representatives
United States House of Representatives committees
United States highway
United States housing bubble
United States metropolitan area
United States minor outlying islands
United States National Monument
United States order of precedence
United States presidential line of succession
United States prison population
United States Republican party
United States territory
United States territorial acquisitions
United States v. Morrison
United States Virgin Islands
USA PATRIOT Act
Utah

V
V visa
Vehicle registration plates of the United States
Vermont
Vice President of the United States
Vietnamese American
Virginia
Visa policy of the United States
Visa requirements for United States citizens
Visual arts of the United States
Voice of America

W
Wake Island
Wall Street
Wall Street Crash of 1929
War on Drugs
War crimes committed by the United States
Washington, District of Columbia – capital of the United States since 1800
Washington (state)
Water supply and sanitation in the United States
West Virginia
Wet feet, dry feet policy
White House

Wikipedia:List of U.S. state portals
Will it play in Peoria?
Wind power in Texas
Wind power in the United States
Wisconsin
Wyoming

X
Xyz affair

Y
Yankee Doodle

Z

See also
Topic overview:
United States
Outline of the United States

Book:United States

References

External links

United States


Bartholomites

Bartholomites is the name given to the Roman Catholic congregation of Armenian monks who sought refuge in Italy after the invasion of their country by Al-Adil Kitbugha, the Sultan of Egypt in 1296.

History
The first of their number landed at Genoa, where a church of St. Bartholomew was built for them, hence their name Bartholomites. Others soon followed this first band and were established in various Italian cities: Parma, Sienna, Pisa, Florence, Civitavecchia, Rome and Ancona. To these early foundations were afterwards added others at Milan, Naples, Perugia, Gubbio, Ferrar, Bologna, Padua, Rimini, Veterbo, etc.; in fact the Bartholomites were both numerous and prosperous.

In the beginning they observed the Rule of St. Basil and the Armenian Liturgy, Pope Clement V acknowledging their right thereto, but in time they abandoned their national traditions for the Roman Liturgy, adopted a habit resembling that of the Dominicans and finally replaced the Rule of St. Basil by that of St. Augustine.

Innocent VI, who approved this change (1356), also confirmed the union of their monasteries into one congregation governed by a superior-general and a general chapter. The superiors-general were at first elected for life, but in 1474 Pope Sixtus IV caused them to be voted for every three years.

Pope Boniface IX granted the congregation the privileges of the Order of St. Dominic and Innocent VIII and Paul III ratified the same; nevertheless the Bartholomites were prohibited from joining any other religious order except that of the Carthusians. Durazzo, their first cardinal protector, was appointed by Urban VIII in 1640, but they did not long enjoy this signal advantage. Their regular observance began to decline, their ranks were but meagrely recruited and most of their houses had to be closed till at length only four or five were left, in which about forty monks lived as best they could. There seemed to be no way of averting this decadence.

Innocent X authorized the Bartholomites to enter other religious orders or else to secularize themselves, assuring each of them a pension. He suppressed their congregation and its houses and revenues were put to new uses.

Among the most noted Bartholomites were: Father Martin, who conducted the first Armenian monks to Genoa and was their superior; Father Anthony of Pisa, who was the first superior-general of their congregation; Esteban Palma, who four times held the office of general and laboured zealously for the reform of the congregation; Cherubini Cerbelloni of Genoa and Paul Costa of Milan, who were celebrated preachers and Scoti, Pori, Girolamo Cavalieri, J. B. Ladriani, and Gregorio Bitio who left literary works which were, however, soon forgotten. Until recently in their church at Genoa there was preserved the celebrated portrait of Christ known as the Image of Edessa.

Sources

Category:Catholic orders and societies
Category:Religious organizations established in the 1290s
Category:Christian religious orders established in the 13th century


De finibus bonorum et malorum

De finibus bonorum et malorum ("On the ends of good and evil") is a philosophical work by the Roman orator, politician and philosopher Marcus Tullius Cicero. It consists of five books, in which Cicero explains the philosophical views of Epicureanism, Stoicism, and the Platonism of Antiochus of Ascalon. The book was developed in the summer of the year 45 BC, and was written over the course of about one and a half months. Together with the Tusculanae Quaestiones written shortly afterwards, De finibus is the most extensive philosophical work of Cicero. It is dedicated to Marcus Junius Brutus.

In graphic design, Lorem ipsum, a commonly used placeholder text, is based on De finibus. The placeholder text is taken from parts of the first book's discourse on hedonism. Words of the original text have been altered, added, and removed in Lorem ipsum to make it nonsensical, improper Latin.

Contents

First and second books (Liber Primus and Liber Secundus)
In the first two books Cicero argues against Epicureanism. This happens in form of a fictitious discussion between two friends of Brutus on Cicero's estate at Cumae. In the first book the interlocutors present the theory of hedonism, with which pleasure in the form of the absence of pain is regarded as the highest good. In the second book Cicero criticizes this view, whereby he attacks the hedonistic definition of pleasure and argues that it is inconsistent to hold pleasure as absence of pain as the final good, since these are not one single good, but rather two distinct goods.

Third and fourth books (Liber Tertius and Liber Quartus)
In the next two books the Stoic school is discussed. In the third book Cicero's interlocutor Marcus Porcius Cato presents Stoic theory, whereby he introduces in Latin the technical terms used by the Stoics. The highest and only good of the Stoics is presented as a moral good (virtue). In his counterattack in the fourth book Cicero doubts the derivation of the Stoic view from a supposed natural state (the "cradle argument"), as well as the exclusion of other goods by these teachings.

Fifth book (Liber Quintus)
In the last book Cicero presents in the form of a dialogue between himself and several friends the theory of the Academics (of which, surprisingly with regard to their later relation, Aristotelianism is here considered a subgroup), chiefly as taught by Antiochus of Ascalon. This describes a perfectly happy life, which includes both virtue and external goods, as the highest good. At the end of the book, Cicero criticized logical inconsistencies of this teaching, but more briefly and only addressing details, not broader principles. Cicero then declares that he follows this school of thought, albeit not without reservations, while respecting the valuable aspects of the teachings presented in the previous books.

Quotations
 The beginnings of all things are small. () (V, 58)
 It is sufficient proof that Nature shrinks from destruction. (Nature abhors a vacuum.) () (V, 31)
 Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. () (I, 32)

External links

 De finibus bonorum et malorum, Latin text
 De Finibus, English translation by Harris Rackham, LacusCurtius
 Side by Side Latin and English, transl. by Harris Rackham, Google Books

Category:1st-century BC works
Category:Philosophical works by Cicero


Ryan Richards

Ryan Earl Richards (born 24 April 1991) is a British/Jamaican professional basketball player for Plymouth Raiders of the British Basketball League. He began playing in England and has played for short spells for numerous teams in several countries. He was drafted by the San Antonio Spurs with the 49th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft, but never played a regular season game for the team.

Junior career
In 2005–06, Richards played for the Medway Park Crusaders club, making regular appearances with the senior team aged only 14, in the English Basketball League's third division. He averaged four points and four rebounds per game and helped the Crusaders finish runner-up in the 2006 National Shield. He also competed for England at the 2006 U16 European Championship (Division B) as an U15 player. He finished second on the team in scoring (9.7 ppg) and third in rebounding (5.6 rpg).

In 2006–07, Richards played for Gran Canaria's U16 cadet team at the Spanish Academy level. He also competed for its U18 junior squad. He posted a 33-point performance in leading his club to a championship. In April 2007, he played for the World Select team at the Nike Hoop Summit at just 15 years old, going 0-2 from the field in three minutes. He later represented England at the 2007 U16 European Championship (Division B), where he averaged 18.6 points and 11.6 rebounds over seven appearances in helping his squad to a fourth-place finish.

In 2007–08, Richards played for C.B. Agüimes of the Junior League of Canaria. He also played in three games for Real Madrid's junior team at the Nike Junior International Tournament, averaging 15.3 points and 6.7 rebounds in 22.4 minutes.

Professional career

Early years (2008–2011)
In 2008, Richards joined the junior program of Belgian club Belfius Mons-Hainaut. In Belgium's third division, he helped the squad go 16–8 in Group B. In March 2009, Richards made his debut in the Ethias League. During the 2008–09 season, he also played two games in the Nike Junior International Tournament for German club Brose Baskets, averaging 16.5 points, 11.5 rebounds and 1.0 blocks in 29.3 minutes. Richards later played two games at the 2009 U-18 European Championship for England, averaging 29.0 points and 13.0 rebounds.

For the 2009–10 season, Richards joined Gran Canaria and started the season with the team's junior squad, La Caja Gran Canaria, in the Spanish EBA. He averaged 10.3 points, 4.0 rebounds and 0.7 blocks in 18.4 minutes per game over three appearances. Following this three-game stint, he began suiting up for the senior squad, but never made it onto the court with Gran Canaria. In January 2010, he was loaned to Swiss club BBC Monthey for the rest of the 2009–10 season. He played six games for Monthey before separating his shoulder. He averaged 13.3 points, 5.2 rebounds and 0.8 blocks in 20.3 minutes.

On 24 June 2010, Richards was selected by the San Antonio Spurs with the 49th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft. He did not join the Spurs for the 2010–11 season; instead, he spent the season recovering from two shoulder surgeries.

Europe and Asia (2011–2017)
On 9 September 2011, Richards signed with Swiss club Lugano Tigers. He left the team in February 2012. Two months later, he signed with BC Sukhumi of the Georgian Superleague.

In July 2012, Richards joined the San Antonio Spurs for the 2012 NBA Summer League. On 6 November 2012, he signed with Polish club Asseco Prokom Gdynia. On 29 January 2013, he parted ways with Gdynia. Two weeks later, he signed with BC Zepter Vienna for the rest of the season. With Zepter Vienna, he won an Austrian League championship.

In July 2013, Richards re-joined the San Antonio Spurs for the 2013 NBA Summer League. He started the 2013–14 season with Dubai-based club Al Nasr, but returned to Europe in December 2013 and joined Greek club Ikaros Chalkidas for the rest of the season.

On 19 July 2014, Richards signed with Zepter Vienna, returning to the club for a second stint. His second stint lasted just five games, as he parted ways with the club on 21 October 2014. Three days later, he signed with Hungarian club BC Körmend for the rest of the season.

In April 2015, Richards moved to Iran where he joined Azad University Tehran. In June 2015, he signed with Chinese NBL side Guangxi Rhino.

For the 2015–16 season, Richards returned to Iran to play for Shahrdari Gorgan. Following the Iranian season, he joined Lebanese club Sagesse. He then had a short stint with Al-Ahli in May 2016.

On 26 September 2016, Richards signed with the San Antonio Spurs for training camp. Three days later, he was waived by the Spurs. On 20 October 2016, Richards signed with Karpoš Sokoli in Macedonia. On 22 November 2016, he parted ways with Sokoli after appearing in four games. On 3 December 2016, he signed with Sanat Naft Abadan of the Iranian Super League.

On 9 March 2018 Richards signed with Hallmann Vienna of the Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga. On 26 April 2018 Richards was reported to have parted way with the team without playing a game due to shoulder injury.

ESPN "The Basketball Tournament" appearances
In summer 2016, Richards joined Overseas Elite to participate in ESPN's The Basketball Tournament. The team repeated as champions of the South region, and eventually went on to defend their title defeating Team Colorado and bringing home an increased $2 million prize.

He joined Ram Nation (VCU Alumni) for the 2018 ESPN's The Basketball Tournament.

References

External links
 Ryan Richards at euroleague.net
 Ryan Richards at fiba.com

Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:BBC Monthey players
Category:BC Körmend players
Category:BC Zepter Vienna players
Category:Belfius Mons-Hainaut players
Category:English men's basketball players
Category:Ikaros B.C. players
Category:Lugano Tigers players
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:San Antonio Spurs draft picks
Category:Sportspeople from London
Category:Asseco Gdynia players
Category:BC Kalev/Cramo players
Category:Expatriate basketball people in Estonia


Hearing Link

Hearing Link is part of Hearing Dogs for Deaf People, a UK-wide charitable organisation for adults with hearing loss, their family and friends. The head office is in Saunderton, Buckinghamshire. Its Royal Patron is The Princess Royal.

Activities
Hearing Link promotes and encourages peer support, so services are largely driven and delivered by people with personal experience of hearing loss:
 Create links with and between adults who have acquired hearing loss.
 Provide impartial advice and information including through the Helpdesk, website, events and programmes.
 Deliver specialist group programmes for adults with hearing loss and their families,.
 Provide advocacy for individuals and groups.
 Reflect and champion the views and priorities of people with hearing loss. For example, informing NHS England, Department of Health, Public Health England and Clinical Commissioning Groups how to better support those with hearing loss. Calling upon the Government to introduce a national hearing screening programme for everyone aged 65. Setting up a campaign in 2013 which aims to improve hearing loops in public buildings.
 Facilitate contact between people with hearing loss and appropriate service providers. For example, giving them information about hearing aid services so they can make the right decisions.
 Build and maintain a network of informed volunteers, professionals, and relevant bodies.
 Commission research studies designed to enhance the quality of life of people with hearing loss.

Hearing Link history
Hearing Link was formed in 2008 through the merger of two national organisations: Hearing Concern and the LINK Centre for Deafened People.

Hearing Concern was originally called BAHOH – The British Association of the Hard of Hearing. It was renamed in the 1990s. It grew out of a number of informal gatherings that sprang up after the First World War when soldiers returned home deafened by gunfire. Over the years it did a huge amount of work, all focused on promoting the need for more and better support to be available for hard of hearing adults. This includes encouraging hard of hearing groups to be established and pushing for subtitles on TV and deaf awareness at government level.

The LINK Centre for Deafened People, meanwhile, was set up in 1972 and focused on developing and delivering unique and specialised rehabilitation programmes for profoundly deafened adults and their families.  The approach was holistic and involved the wider health and circumstances of the individual, including their family.

For a short period after the merger the organisation was called Hearing Concern LINK. In January 2011, the organisation re-launched as Hearing Link.

In August 2017, Hearing Link merged with Hearing Dogs for Deaf People, another leading hearing loss charity.

References

External links
 Official Website

Category:Charities for disabled people based in the United Kingdom
Category:Deafness organizations


Faristenia

Faristenia is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

Species
 Faristenia acerella Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia angustivalvata Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia atrimaculata Park, 1993
 Faristenia circulicaudata Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia cornutivalvaris Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia furtumella Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia geminisignella Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia hirowatarii Ueda, 2012
 Faristenia impenicilla Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia jumbongae Park, 1993
 Faristenia kanazawai Ueda & Ponomarenko, 2000
 Faristenia kangxianensis Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia maritimella Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia medimaculata Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia mukurossivora Ueda & Ponomarenko, 2000
 Faristenia nakatanii Ueda, 2012
 Faristenia nemoriella Ponomarenko, 1998
 Faristenia obliqua Park, Lee & Lee, 2000
 Faristenia omelkoi Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia pallida Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia polemica (Meyrick, 1935)
 Faristenia praemaculata (Meyrick, 1931)
 Faristenia quercivora Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia triangula Li & Zheng, 1998
 Faristenia ussuriella Ponomarenko, 1991
 Faristenia wuyiensis Li & Zheng, 1998

References

 , 2000: New faunistic data of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) in Taiwan, with description of a new species. Insecta Koreana 17 (3): 181-192.
 , 1998: New taxonomic data on Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from the Russian Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist 67: 1-17. Full article:
 , 2012: Additional two new species of the genus Faristenia Ponomarenko (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Japan. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 63(2): 65-69.

Category:Chelariini
Category:Faristenia


Avicennism

Avicennism is a school in Islamic philosophy which was established by Avicenna. He developed his philosophy throughout the course of his life after being deeply moved and concerned by the Metaphysics of Aristotle and studying it for over a year. According to Henry Corbin and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, there are two kind of Avicennism: Islamic or Iranian Avicennism, and Latin Avicennism. According to Nasr, the Latin Avicennism was based on the former philosophical works of Avicenna. This school followed the Peripatetic school of philosophy and tried to describe the structure of reality with a rational system of thinking. In the twelfth century AD, It became influential in Europe, particularly in Oxford and Paris, and affected some notable philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon and Duns Scotus. While the Latin Avicennism was weak in comparison with Latin Averroism, according to Étienne Gilson there was an "Avicennising Augustinism". On the other hand, Islamic Avicennism is based on his later works which is known as "The oriental philosophy" (حکمت المشرقیین). Therefore, philosophy in the eastern Islamic civilization providing became close to gnosis and tried to provide a vision of a spiritual universe. This approach paved the road for the Iranian school of Illuminationism (حکمت الاشراق) by Suhrawardi.

Henry Corbin referred to divergences between Iranian Avicennism and Latin Avicennism. Besides he showed that we can see three different schools in Avicennism, which he called Avicennising Augustinism, Latin Avicennism and Iranian Avicennism.

See also
Contemporary Islamic philosophy
Eastern philosophy
Iranian philosophy
Islamic philosophy

Footnotes

References

Category:Avicenna
Category:Aristotelianism
Category:Islamic philosophical schools


List of Old Wellingtonians

This is a list of notable Old Wellingtonians, being former pupils of Wellington College in Berkshire, England.

Politics
David Blomfield MBE (1934–2016), leader of the Liberal Party group on Richmond upon Thames Council, writer, book editor and local historian
Michael Blundell (1907–1993), politician and government minister in Kenya
Crispin Blunt (1960–), Conservative Member of Parliament for the English constituency of Reigate since 1997, and chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee.
Julian Brazier, TD (1953–), Conservative Member of Parliament for the English constituency of Canterbury from 1987–2017 and former government minister
Lord Campbell of Croy (1921–2005), British Cabinet Minister who served as Secretary of State for Scotland during the whole of Edward Heath's government
Lord Colnbrook (1922–1996), British Cabinet Minister
John Dugdale (1905–1963), journalist, Labour Member of Parliament for the English constituency of West Bromwich between 1941 and 1962, and former government minister
James Malcolm Monteith Erskine (1863–1944), Anti-Waste League, Independent Conservative, and Conservative Member of Parliament for Westminster St George's, 1921–1929
Christopher Ewart-Biggs (1921–1976), British Ambassador who was assassinated by the IRA
The Viscount Falkland (1935–), Liberal Democrat politician and one of the 92 remaining hereditary peers elected to sit in the Lords
George Ferguson (1947–), the first elected Mayor of Bristol (2012–16)
Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde (1960–), Former leader of the Conservative Party in the House of Lords
Sir Edward Garnier QC (1952–), Conservative Member of Parliament for the English constituency of Harborough since 1992, and former Solicitor General for England and Wales
Lord Gordon-Walker (1907–1980), British Cabinet Minister who served as Foreign Secretary under Harold Wilson
 The Lord Faulks QC (1950–), Conservative Member in the House of Lords
Sir Alexander Grantham, (1899–1978) British colonial administrator who governed Hong Kong
Lord Luce (1936–) Governor of Gibraltar and Lord Chamberlain to HM The Queen
Antony Rivers Marlow (1940–), Conservative Member of Parliament for the English constituency of Northampton North between 1979–1997
Sir Harold Nicolson (1886–1968), British diplomat, author and politician
Sir Michael Spicer (1943–), Conservative Member of Parliament for the English constituencies of West Worcestershire and South Worcestershire between 1974–2010 and former chairman of the 1922 committee
Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (1865–1948), British Secretary of State for War (two separate times) and founder of the Lord Derby Cup
Lord Stodart of Leaston (1916–2003), Scottish Tory politician who served under Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath
 Robin Tilbrook (1958–), leader and founder of the English Democrats

Religion
The Lord Harries of Pentregarth (1936–) retired Church of England bishop, the 41st Bishop of Oxford from 1987 to 2006
 David Watson (1933–1984) evangelical Church of England clergyman, evangelist and author

Sport
Ben Curran (1996-) Northamptonshire Cricketer, brother of Tom and Sam
Sam Curran (1998–) England and Surrey Cricketer, brother of Tom Curran
Thomas Curran (1995–) England and Surrey Cricketer, brother of Sam Curran
Paul Doran-Jones (1985–) England International Rugby player
Sean Edwards (1986–2013) British racing driver
Max Evans (1983–) Scotland International Rugby player
Thom Evans (1985–) Scotland International Rugby player
David Fasken (1932–2006), First-class cricketer
James Haskell (1985–) England International Rugby player
Sir Patrick Head (1946–) co-founder of the Williams Formula One team
Madison Hughes (1992–) USA International Rugby player
James Hunt (1947–1993) 1976 F1 World Champion
Norman Grace (1894–1975), cricketer
Max Lahiff (1989–) Rugby union player (Bath Rugby & London Irish)
Morgan Lake (1997–) Olympic athlete and twice World Junior Athletics Champion
Henry Arnold Lawrence (1848–1902) England International Rugby player and captain
Tim Mayer (1966–) US motorsports organizer and official.
Richard Raphael (1872–1910), cricketer
Jamie Salmon (1959–) dual rugby international (New Zealand All Blacks and England)
James Scott Douglas (1930–1969) Scottish racing driver (and Baronet Douglas)
Tom Townsend (1971–) Britain and England international bridge player and writer
Louis Weigall (1873-1957) First-class cricketer
Murray Wyatt Marshall (1873–1978) England International Rugby player and captain

Art and entertainment
Charles Robert Ashbee (1863–1942) one of the prime movers of the English Arts and Crafts movement
Ellie Bamber (1997–) actress
Sir Hugh Beaver (1890–1967) founder of the Guinness Book of Records
James Bernard (1925–2001) British Film composer and Academy Award winner
Josh Bowman (1988–) Star of ABC drama Revenge
Rory Bremner (1961–) British impressionist and comedian, noted for his political satire
Heather Cameron-Hayes, Semi-Finalist of BBC1's The Voice 2016
Bob Carlos Clarke (1950–2006) Photographer
Henry Danton (1919–) ballet dancer
Caggie Dunlop, Star of E4 reality series Made in Chelsea
Gavin Ewart (1916–1995) British poet
Jim Field Smith (1979–) British film director, writer and comedian
Sebastian Faulks (1953–) novelist whose works include Birdsong and Charlotte Gray
John Gardner (1917–2011) British composer
John Keane (1954–) painter and official artist, Gulf War
Sir Christopher Lee (1922–2015) film actor
John Masters (1914–1983) British Army Officer and novelist
Robert Morley (1908–1992) film actor
John Nash (1893–1977) 20th-century painter and war artist
Frederick Noad (1929–2001) guitarist, lutenist, author, and teacher
Gregory Norminton (1976–) novelist
George Orwell (1903–1950) author whose works include Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four (one term, before proceeding to Eton)
Harry Ricketts (1950–) writer and biographer
Guy Siner (1947–) actor
Elize du Toit (1980–) actress and model best known for the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks
Count Nikolai Tolstoy (1935–) Russo-British historian and author
John Windle American antiquarian
Martin Windrow (1944–) British historian
Will Young (1979–) British singer and actor

Broadcasting
Daniel Farson (1927–1997) broadcaster and writer
Gerald Hine-Haycock (1951–) journalist, Correspondent for ITN and BBC News; Presenter for HTV West and BBC West
Robin Oakley (1941–) journalist, Political Editor of CNN International, formerly Political Editor of the BBC
Peter Snow CBE (1938–) British television and radio presenter

Military
Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, British army commander during World War II
Field Marshal Sir Nigel Bagnall, Chief of the General Staff
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Salmond, Chief of the Air Staff
Field Marshal Sir Geoffrey Baker, Chief of the General Staff 1968 to 1971
Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, Chief of the Imperial General Staff
General Sir Harry Tuzo, General Officer Commanding, Northern Ireland and other senior British Army commands
General Sir Charles Huxtable, Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces 1988 to 1990
General Sir Richard O'Connor, British Army general during World War II
General Sir Peter Hunt, Chief of the General Staff 1973
General Sir James Glover, Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces 1985 to 1987
General Sir Roland Guy, Adjutant General to the British Army 1984 to 1986
Lieutenant General Sir Noel Beresford-Peirse, General Officer Commanding, XIII Corps and later General Officer Commander-in-Chief, Southern Army, India during the Second World War
Lieutenant General Sir Alistair Irwin, Adjutant General to the British Army 2003 to 2005
Lieutenant General Sir Montagu Stopford, Commander of British forces during the Battle of Kohima
Lieutenant General Sir Maurice Johnston, Assistant Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff and Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire
Lieutenant General Sir Kenneth Loch, Director of Anti-Aircraft and Coastal Defence (1939–1941), Master-General of Ordnance, India (1944–1947), and head of the board of governors at Wellington
Major-General George Erroll Prior-Palmer, General Officer Commanding, 6th Armoured Division
Major-General Douglas Wimberley, British Divisional Commander in World War II
Roger Bushell, Mastermind of the Great Escape
Lieutenant Colonel Sir Wolseley Haig (1865–1938) Lieutenant-Colonel
Sir John Rennie, former Director of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6)

Victoria Cross and George Cross holders
Fifteen Old Wellingtonians have won the Victoria Cross; one Old Wellingtonian has won the George Cross. They are as follows:

Victoria Cross
Zulu War
Lieutenant Henry Lysons, VC (He later achieved the rank of Colonel and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)) (1858–1907)
South African War (Boer War)
Captain Charles FitzClarence, VC (He later achieved the rank of Brigadier General.  He was killed in action, Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke, Belgium, on 12 November 1914) (1865–1914)
Captain Ernest Beachcroft Beckwith Towse, VC (He later became a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO), and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire CBE) (1864–1948)
Third Ashanti Expedition
Captain Charles John Melliss, VC (later to become Major General Sir Charles John Melliss VC, KCB, KCMG) (1862–1936)
Second Somaliland Expedition
Captain Alexander Stanhope Cobbe VC, (He later achieved the rank of General) (1870–1931)
First World War
Captain John Franks Vallentin, VC (1882–1914)
Lieutenant James Anson Otho Brooke VC (1884–1914)
Captain John Fitzhardinge Paul Butler VC (1888–1916)
Second Lieutenant Alexander Buller Turner, VC (1893–1915)
Lieutenant Thomas Orde Lawder Wilkinson, VC (1894–1916)
Second World War
Flight Lieutenant Roderick Alastair Brook Learoyd, VC (1913–1996)
Commander Anthony Cecil Capel Miers, VC (Later to become Rear Admiral Sir Anthony Cecil Capel Miers VC, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar) (1906–1985)
Captain Patrick Porteous, VC (1918–2000) (he later achieved the rank of Colonel)
Lieutenant-Colonel Victor Buller Turner, VC (Brother of Alexander Buller Turner, VC)(1900–1972)
Lieutenant Claud Raymond, VC (1923–1945)
George Cross
1935 Quetta earthquake
Lieutenant John Cowley GC (Originally awarded the Albert Medal which was converted to the George Cross. He was later to become Lieutenant General Sir John Cowley GC KBE CB)

Other
Joseph Arthur Arkwright FRS Bacteriologist
John Arnold
C.R. Boxer, historian
Matthew Restall, historian
W S Bristowe, arachnologist
Michael Brock CBE, British historian
Patrick de Maré, psychiatrist
Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke
Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne, British peer and soldier
The Marquess of Cambridge, brother of Queen Mary
Anthony Fletcher, English historian
Nicholas Grimshaw, English architect who is behind the Eden Project
Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein
The 9th Duke of Portland
Prince Francis of Teck
Peter Llewellyn Gwynn-Jones, Garter Principal King of Arms, 1995–2010
Professor Klaus Dodds, Notable Academic and Professor of Geopolitics. Royal Holloway, University of London
John Haycraft, founder of International House World Organisation
Sir Rudolph Peters FRS, biochemist
Princess Maria Olympia of Greece and Denmark, daughter of Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece and granddaughter of King Constantine II

See also
 :Category:People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire

References

Category:Lists of English people by school affiliation
Category:Berkshire-related lists


The Voice (American TV series) discography

The Voice is an American television music competition to find singing talent amongst all genres of music, regardless of age, and accepts contestants of minor professional background. Its inaugural season was completed in June 2011 and has been broadcast biannually from 2012. The winners and finalists of the seasons have seen varied levels of success with musical releases. Musical releases before their participation on the show are not included in the list.

Singles during The Voice
In a first for a music competition series, NBC and Universal Republic Records (later moved to Republic Records in 2012) offered fans of the show the ability to vote for their favorite artists by purchasing the studio versions of the songs that they perform on the live show each week via the iTunes Store. Only studio versions, not the live version, of its participants' performances are available for download on iTunes. Hot Digital Songs information is included as a rough gauge on the actual sales figures for the songs.

There is generally a studio version released for every song on The Voice by its contestants, except for the Battle Rounds and the Knockout segment of the show. In the first season, the battle rounds were recorded in the studio with both artists in the pairing. However, from season two onwards, only the winner's version of the song from the battle round is released. With the introduction of the Knockout Rounds in season three, where each contestant from the pairing sang a separate song, only the winner's single is released.

Hot 100 singles

The following songs that were sung on The Voice have charted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles

The following songs failed to reach the Hot 100, but managed to make the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles charts. They are listed separately as the chart has rules that make it easier for new songs to chart, namely that those that have entered the Hot 100 before cannot chart here.

Other notable singles

Hot Digital Songs
The following singles failed to chart on the overall charts, likely because of lack of airplay and online streaming, but still reached high sales figures, comparable to other singles from The Voice that did chart.

By genre

Christian

Country

Latin

R&B / hip hop

Rock

Post-The Voice releases
Only singles that charted on either the Billboard Hot 100 or Bubbling Under Hot 100 charts, and albums that charted on the Billboard 200 chart are included in the following lists.

Singles

Albums

Notes
A Xenia's cover of "Price Tag" entered the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at No. 16, but broke into the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 99 in the following week.
B Cassadee Pope's cover of "Over You" re-entered the Hot 100 at No. 84 when it reprised with the finale songs, and received a second iTunes bonus for that period.
C Danielle Bradbery's cover of "Maybe It Was Memphis" re-entered the Hot 100 at No. 93 when it reprised with the finale songs, and received an iTunes bonus for that period. (Original period performed at was not applicable for the iTunes bonus.)
D The Swon Brothers' cover of "Danny's Song" re-entered the Hot 100 at No. 78 when it reprised with the finale songs, and received a second iTunes bonus for that period.
E "Boyfriend" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at No. 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.
F Vicci did not enter the Billboard 200, but peaked at No. 10 on the Heatseekers Albums chart.
G Sing You Home did not enter the Billboard 200, but peaked at No. 5 on the Heatseekers Album chart.
H The Complete Season 5 Collection (The Voice Performance) did not enter the Billboard 200, but peaked at No. 4 on the Heatseekers Album chart.
J "Carousel" did not enter the Hot 100, but peaked on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at No. 19.
K "Pity Party" did not enter the Hot 100, but peaked on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at No. 18.

References
Weekly charts

Artist chart archives

'Others

Discography
Voice


Aashirman DS Joshi

Aashirman DS Joshi () (born 31 August 1998) is a Nepalese film actor and a model.

He made his feature film debut with the romantic thriller Gangster Blues (2017) and received many accolades including a National Award for his performance as a middle class boy who turns into a gangster. Joshi's second feature film was the romantic comedy The Break Up (2019) where he portrays a character of a sweet innocent boy who ends up in a casual relationship with a girl.

Joshi was on the list of 'Top 10 Men and Women of the Year in Nepal' published by Kantipur Publication's Saptahik in 2019. Joshi is known as one of the tallest actors in the Nepali Film Industry and has been featured in many notable magazines, newspapers and campaigns like  Ncell, Marico - Set Wet Nepal, Forever 21 Nepal, M&S Vmag, Kantipur Publication's Saptahik, The Nepali Man (TNM Magazine), Wave (magazine), Smart Family Magazine etc.

Early life and background
Joshi was born on 31 August 1998 and raised in Kathmandu, Nepal  to Bhavendra Man Joshi, a business man, and Raveena Desraj Shrestha, a celebrity banker (DCEO of Mega Bank Nepal Limited). His elder brother, Ayushman, is also a Nepalese film actor and a model.

Joshi completed his Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) from Modern Indian School, Nepal. He was known to be a bright student, topping subjects like History and Geography and was also appointed as the school's Head Boy in his twelfth standard. Joshi took part in school plays and other co-curricular activities and was also voted as Mr. MIS (Modern Indian School) before graduating.

Joshi always wanted to pursue a career in the entertainment industry. He did his first magazine cover shoot while he was still in school and signed his first movie, Gangster Blues when he was 17.

Career
Before joining films, Joshi had a good reach in social media which led to offers for photoshoots and movies. Joshi was supposed to debut with Saayad 2 but couldn't commit to the project due to his education which is why he had to back out from the film.

After completing his studies he made his debut with Hemraj B.C.'s Gangster Blues opposite Anna Sharma in 2017, a romantic thriller where he played a role of a middle class boy with short temper, Aakash, who due to his influences and situations ends up being a gangster. The movie team went for a concert tour in major cities of Nepal for promotion where they witnessed Joshi's craze. Joshi was praised as a debutant and won the National Award and Lux Kamana Film Award for 'Best Debut Actor' for his performance. The movie did good business and established him as a rising star. The movie's love song, 'Ajambari' went on to become a huge hit with over 20 million views on YouTube till date.

In 2019, Joshi again teamed up with Hemraj B.C. for The Break Up opposite Shilpa Maskey, a light hearted romantic comedy movie about casual relationships. He portrayed the character of Aavishkar, a paragliding pilot who wears his heart on his sleeve and has experienced several heartbreaks. The team promoted the movie in various colleges and cities of Nepal. Joshi's performance as the boy next door and its contrast with his debut movie's character was praised but the movie got mixed reviews. One of the songs from the movie, 'Aaja Hamro Bhet Bhako Dina' which was a remake of the old version went on to become a huge hit in platforms like YouTube and TikTok.

Joshi also appeared in Nepal Idol famed singer Bikram Baral's music video 'Galti' with Swastima Khadka. The music video was directed by Fateko Jutta movie famed director, Nikesh Khadka. In the video the characters of Joshi and Khadka are shown as a couple who due to a misunderstanding get into a fight which leads to the untimely death of Khadka's character.

Filmography

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 Aashirman DS Joshi on IMDb

Category:Living people
Category:People from Kathmandu
Category:Nepalese male actors
Category:Nepalese male film actors
Category:Nepalese male models
Category:1998 births
Category:21st-century Nepalese male actors


Dojran Municipality

Dojran ( ) is a municipality in the southeastern part of North Macedonia. Star Dojran is the village where the municipal seat is found. Dojran Municipality is part of the Southeastern Statistical Region.

Geography
The municipality borders Bogdanci Municipality to the west, Valandovo Municipality to the north, and Greece to the east and south.

Demographics

According to the last national census from 2002 this municipality has 3,426 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups in the municipality include:
Macedonians = 2,641 (77.1%)
Turks = 402 (11.7%)
Serbs = 277 (8.1%)
others.

References

External links
 Official website

Category:Municipalities of North Macedonia