Tom Gorrio

Tom Gorrio is a Peruvian-American singer-songwriter based in Miami, Florida. Tom expressed early interest in music while growing up in the United States and traveling back and forth from Lima, Peru. His family worked in various industries before becoming involved in the Karaoke industry in the United States. Spanish music and Latin dance were a large part of Tom's life growing up and have had an influence on his music, which has a distinctly Spanish and world music themes. Tom's parents are avid dancers in the Miami Salsa and Meringue communities and great supporters of his music.

Gorrio is the primary songwriter and performer for Baby Calendar, Call it Radar, and former project Lasso the Moon. Since 2004, he has performed as Tom Gorrio and has released 2 EP's as part of this project, which in the past has featured guest Miami musicians including Jackie Biver and Arik Dayan of Baby Calendar. Gorrio is scheduled to perform at the 2008 Athens Popfest and is affiliated with Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records.

References

External links
http://www.tomgorrio.com
http://www.sweatrecords.com

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from Miami
Category:Musical groups from Miami


Cryptogam Ridge

Cryptogam Ridge () is an east-west ridge lying south of Cummings Cove in Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. The north-facing slope of the ridge supports a diversity of lichens and mosses, collectively referred to as cryptogams (spore-producing plants). It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1991.

References

Category:Ridges of the South Orkney Islands


Emmanouil Karalis

Emmanouíl Karalís (), born 20 October 1999 in Athens, is a Greek pole vaulter. He is mixed-race, the son of a Greek father and a Ugandan mother.

Honours

References

External links

Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Athens
Category:Greek male pole vaulters
Category:Greek people of Ugandan descent


Ahmed Abid Ali

Ahmad Abid Ali Mohammed known as Kobi () (born 1 January 1986 in Iraq) is an Iraqi former football midfielder.

Honours

Country
 2006 Asian Games Silver medallist.
 2007 Asian Cup winners

External links

Category:Iraqi footballers
Category:Iraq international footballers
Category:2007 AFC Asian Cup players
Category:AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Category:Living people
Category:Al-Zawraa SC players
Category:1986 births
Category:Sportspeople from Baghdad
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Amanat Baghdad players
Category:Asian Games medalists in football
Category:Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games silver medalists for Iraq
Category:Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games


Great Livermere

Great Livermere is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. It is located around four miles north-east of the borough's largest town Bury St Edmunds.
Great Livermere also has a village hall located six miles from Bury St Edmunds, where meetings and other functions are often held for the village. Great Livermere has a small population of 226, according to the 2011 census; there are 103 males and 123 females recorded. As seen from the population graph, the population of the village has fluctuated rapidly; from 1850 to 1950 the population decreased rapidly, however since the 1950s the population has steadily risen.

History
The village’s name means Reed Lake being derived from the Old English words lēfer meaning rush, or reed and mere meaning pond, pool, or lake.
The village is first recorded before the Norman conquest in the S1051 charter of Edward the Confessor granting lands to Ely Abbey.
The Domesday Book records the population of Great Livermere in 1086 to be 52 households.

The grade I listed church of St Peter’s contains wall paintings, a three-decker pulpit, and one of the finest organs in the area along with the grave of William Sakings, Falconer to Kings Charles I, Charles II, and James II.

Historical writings
In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Walesdescribed the village as:

In 1887, John Bartholomew also wrote an entry on Great Livermere in the Gazetteer of the British Isles with a much shorter description:

In literature
The antiquarian and ghost story writer M. R. James was the son of the Rector of Great Livermere and from the age of three (1865) until 1909 James's home, if not always his residence, was at the Rectory in Great Livermere, inspiring the location for A Vignette, his very last supernatural story.

Livermere Hall, a country house at Little Livermere which was demolished in 1923, is thought to have inspired the fictitious Castringham Hall in his ghost story "The Ash-tree", published in Ghost Stories of an Antiquary in 1904, and the surname of the ghostly protagonist, "Mothersole" appears on gravestones in the churchyard. The old rectory itself is now known as "Livermere Hall".

Statistics
Religion within Great Livermere is predominantly Christian according to the office for National statistics, there are 135 Christians, 70 of which have no religion, while the remaining population are unaccounted for. According to other figures from Neighborhood statistics, within Great Livermere marital and civil partnership status demonstrate 49 people are single, 95 are married, 6 separated, 23 widowed and 17 divorced. In terms of health care within Great Livermere, 45.6% have very good health, 28.3% have good health, 19.9% have fair health, 4.4% bad health, leaving only 1.8% with very bad health. This demonstrates the majority of the population have very good health in comparison to a small fraction with very bad health, conveying a sense of a good health care sector.

Occupations of males and females
As reported from the Vision of Britain census report in 1881, it is clear from the graph below that there is significant divide between occupations of males and females within Great Livermere. The graph demonstrates twice as many females than males within the domestic offices and services industry, in comparison to a ratio of 39:1 males in the agricultural industry. The agricultural sector is clearly marked on the graph seen below as the most predominant livelihood according to census data from the Vision of Britain report. In addition, it is only males that engage with animals e.g. game-keeping whereas females are accounted for no engagement.

According to the Vision of Britain census report the ratio of males to females in the furniture, housing and decorating sector is 5:0 also showing no accounts of females. Further more women are the only sex to engage in working with dress e.g.tailoring demonstrating the comparison between sexes at this time in terms of occupations. A clear divide is seen in patriarchal norms within Great Livermere and the roles carried out between sexes as demonstrated from the 1881 graph below. In recent years as seen from the Office for National statistics census reports from 2011 show the majority of industry is manufacturing alongside health and social care activities. This shows a shift from the dominated agricultural sector as reported from 1881 census reports to a more modern day industry such as production and retail trade, although as Great Livermere is a small countryside village farming still occurs as a way of life.

Economy
All usual residents aged 16–74 account for 165 of the population of Great Livermere in 2011. Census data for 2011 states
 62 are in full-time work
 21 are in part-time work
 31 are retired, the remaining population care for sick and disabled as well as some economically inactive.
In terms of housing within the Village of Great Livermere it is evident from the Office for National Statistics 2011 census report that the most predominant type of housing are bungalows. Other statistics show 35 live in detached, 61 in semi detached, 100 living in bungalows, and the remaining are in either apartments or mobile homes. This shows the majority of Great Livermere village are small bungalow housing perhaps catering for a more elderly population.

Transport
In terms of transport within Great Livermere, Suffolk it is evident from the Office for National statistics that cars and vans are the most common mode of transport. Census data from 2011 shows 82 people accounting for car and van use for travelling to work, in comparison to only 4 using a coach or bus. This clearly demonstrates poor public transport in the countryside area of Great Livermere as the majority work from home rather than commute outside of the town, leaving the remaining on foot and on bicycles.

Notable residents
M. R. James; English author known for ghost stories, medievalist scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge (1905–18), and of Eton College (1918–36).
Thomas Clerke (MP); a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Wells in 1547.
William Buckenham; a 16th century priest and academic.

References

External links

Category:Villages in Suffolk
Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk
Category:Borough of St Edmundsbury


Stains (Los Angeles band)

The Stains is a hardcore punk band from the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. One of the first East Los Angeles punk groups, the band started playing punk in 1976.  Their debut album, produced by SST Records house producer Spot, was recorded in 1981, and released by SST in 1983. The debut album is often considered influential in bridging Hardcore punk and Heavy Metal before the creation of Thrash Metal.  The band has been on tours with Black Flag, Hüsker Dü and countless others.  They were one of the bands that played at a 2001 "anniversary show" memorializing the landmark East Los Angeles punk venue Vex Populi (and music writer Josh Kun wrote in Los Angeles magazine that their set was "punk rock enough for the Stains to leave a pool of blood on the stage's wood beams").

On the album, the band's members were Robert Becerra, guitar;  Viscarra, bass; Gilbert Berumen, drums; and Rudy Navarro, vocalist.  Their style is described as hardcore and speedy, and as an innovator in bringing elements of metal into hardcore. Guitarist Robert Becerra's performance style was a model for Greg Ginn's musical concepts for Black Flag.  Viscarra and another Stains drummer, Louie Dufau, later played with Dez Cadena in his post-Black Flag band DC3, and Viscarra also played with cowpunk band Blood on the Saddle.

References

Category:Hardcore punk groups from California
Category:SST Records artists


Robert H. Ahmanson

Robert H. Ahmanson (circa 1937 – September 1, 2007) was an American businessman and philanthropist from Los Angeles, California. He was a corporate director of H.F. Ahmanson & Co. and served as the President of The Ahmanson Foundation from 1974 to 2007.

Biography

Early life
Robert H. Ahmanson was born circa 1937 in Omaha, Nebraska. He graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1949. He had a brother, William H. Ahmanson. His father served as the President of the National American Insurance Co. of Omaha. His uncle, Howard F. Ahmanson, Sr., was the founder of H.F. Ahmanson & Co., an insurance and savings and loans corporation based in Los Angeles.

Business career
He served on the Board of Directors of H.F. Ahmanson & Co. until 1995.

Philanthropy
He served on the Board of Trustees of The Ahmanson Foundation from 1952 to 2007, and as its President from 1974 to 2007. He also served on the Board of Trustees of the Jules Stein Eye Institute and the Brain Mapping Medical Research Organization. Moreover, he served on the Board of Trustees of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA).

A supporter of education, he served on the Board of Trustees of the Marlborough School. Additionally, he served on the Board of Governors of the UCLA Foundation. He was a Fellow of the College of Letters & Science at UCLA and a recipient of the UCLA Medal. He was the recipient of Honorary Doctorates from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Pepperdine University, the Art Center College of Design and Creighton University.

Personal life
He was married to Kathleen Ahmanson for fifty-two years. They had two sons, William Ahmanson and Robert Hayden Ahmanson, and a daughter, Karen Ahmanson Hoffman.

Death
He died on September 1, 2007 in Los Angeles, California. He was buried in Omaha, Nebraska.

Legacy
His son William Ahmanson serves as the President of The Ahmanson Foundation.

References

Category:1930s births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
Category:Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Category:American corporate directors
Category:Philanthropists from California
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:20th-century philanthropists


Old District Office North

The Old District Office North, or the  Law Ting Pong Scout Centre, is a building located at 20 Wan Tau Kok Lane, Tai Po in the New Territories of Hong Kong, near the Old Tai Po Police Station.

History
The Old District Office North was built around 1907 and was the earliest seat of the colonial civil administration of the New Territories.  Administration and land registration of the northern part of the New Territories were carried out in this building. The building still housed a magistrate's court until 1961.

Conservation
The building was declared a monument on 13 November 1981. It is now used by the New Territories Eastern Region Headquarters of The Scout Association of Hong Kong.

References

External links

 Virtual Heritage Explorer: Old District Office North

Category:Tai Po
Category:Declared monuments of Hong Kong
Category:Judiciary of Hong Kong
Category:Scouting and Guiding in Hong Kong


Tirora (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

Tirora (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state, western India. This constituency is located in Gondiya district. The delimitation of the constituency happened in 2008.

Geographical scope
Tirora taluka and Tirora Municipal Council, parts of Gondiya taluka viz. revenue
circle Gangazari, part of Goregaon taluka viz. revenue circle
Goregaon.

Representatives
 2014: Vijay Bharatlal Rahangdale, Bharatiya Janata Party.
 2019: Vijay Bharatlal Rahangdale, Bharatiya Janata Party.

References

Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra


Scabrotrophon regina

Scabrotrophon regina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

Description

Distribution

References

Category:Muricidae
Category:Gastropods described in 1985


Eliza Maria Harvey

Eliza Maria Harvey (December 24, 1838 – April 6, 1903) was a Canadian farmer, butter producer and writer at one time described as the "best known dairywoman on the continent".

The daughter of Robert Harvey, miller, and Sarah Glassford, she was born in Maitland, Upper Canada and was educated in Montreal and Scotland. She returned to the family farm following the death of her mother.

In 1859, she married Chilion Jones, the son of Jonas Jones, in Brockville; the couple had seven children. Shortly after their marriage, they moved to Ottawa where her husband, an architect, worked on the construction of the Parliament buildings. At the completion of that project, they returned to Brockville. Harvey operated a small dairy operation there. She began raising purebred Jersey cattle. She established a large herd, which she carefully managed. Taking advantage of the rich milk produced by these cattle, she began producing high quality butter which she was able to sell at a premium price in Canada and the United States. Her Canadian customers included the Rideau Club in Ottawa and the Canadian Pacific Railway.

During the 1880s, she began showing her cattle at exhibitions in Ontario, Quebec and New York state, collecting many prizes for her animals. She sold her cattle to buyers across North America, including the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph. She was a regular contributor of articles on farming to various periodicals including the Farmer's Advocate and Home Magazine and the Family Herald and Weekly Star in Montreal. In 1892, published a collection of her columns as Dairying for profit: or, the poor man’s cow, which she dedicated to the farmer's wives of America. The Farmer's Advocate advertised it as "the best book ever written". A French version Laiterie payante: ou, la vache du pauvre was published in 1894. In 1893, she published a pamphlet Lecture on co-operative dairying and winter dairying.

In 1896, she sold half of her herd to a farmer in Prince Edward Island but continued to raise some cattle for her family's use. She also began to raise horses for racing or pulling carriages. She also wrote short stories for publication in the Farmer's Advocate.

In the fall of 1902, Harvey travelled to Gananoque where her husband had taken ill. She became ill herself and died there at the age of 64.

References

Category:1838 births
Category:1903 deaths
Category:Farmers from Ontario
Category:Canadian cattlemen
Category:Dairy farmers
Category:Canadian women non-fiction writers
Category:19th-century Canadian women writers
Category:19th-century Canadian non-fiction writers


Mindball

Mindball is created by the Swedish developer Interactive Productline IP AB.

The technique is based on EEG methodology and the basic concept is to move a ball with your mind; Mindball.

Mindball can refer to both the Mindball Game and Mindball Play, both are developed and distributed by Interactive Productline IP AB.

History
The first classic Mindball Game was delivered 2003. More than 260 tables are now found, primarily at Science Centers, all over the world. An Early Access version of Mindball Play was launched on Steam December 1st, 2016. The full version was launched in 2018.

Similar games have been developed featuring biofeedback, a concept similar to neurofeedback used by Mindball. In 1974, the game Will Ball was developed featuring a premise similar to Mindball though only using biofeedback.

Mindball Game (Table Game)
The classic Mindball Game is a physical table where the players are sitting opposite to each other wearing wired headbands with sensors that picks up the brain signals. On the table top there is a ball rolling back and forth depending on players level of focus. The player who is most focused and relaxed will have their ball score the opponents goal and win.

Mindball Play (Video Game)
The Mindball Play is a video game created for the consumer market. The full version of the game was launched on Steam (software) July 11th, 2018.

Gameplay
Mindball Play is a racing game where players control and compete with their own customized ball.

Tracks
There are 15 playable tracks in Mindball Play 1.0. Some tracks focus solely on racing with banked turns and sharp drops, others also contain a number of obstacles like deadly laser beams and puddles of slippery oil.

Modes of gameplay
Mindball Play has several different modes of gameplay:

 Single Player
Time Trial
Custom races
Campaign mode with challenges
 Multiplayer
Online (up to 20 players)
LAN (up to 20 players)
 Split screen (up to 4 players)

Controllers
Mindball Play has several available options for input and can be played with:

 Brain signals via an EEG headband (Muse and BrainLink)
 Keyboard
 Gamepad
 Tobii Eye Tracker

The brain sensing headband

The brain sensing headband measures the players brain waves with EEG technology.

The more focused the player is, the more control they have over their ball.

There are two playable options:

 Play with the headband alone. The ball will follow it's AI while you are focused.
 Play with the headband and any other input mode. The game will listen to your other control when you are focused.

Features

 Power-ups  Power-ups is an optional feature often used in multiplayer. Power-up items are obtained by driving into a box laid out on the course. The power up is then used by the player at will (unless the player pick up a new power up before the current one is used).
 Time trial leaderboards for each track
 AI-opponents  An available option in single player mode is to race the ghost-balls of top players from the time trial leaderboard.
 Customization of ball   Each player can customize skin and color of their own ball.
 Steam Achievements   The Early Access version of Mindball Play has 32 available steam achievements to date.

See also
 Comparison of consumer brain–computer interfaces

External links
Interactive Productline
Community Hub Page Mindball Play on Steam
Store Mindball Play Steam
Patent: Method for Playing Games Using Brainwaves
Principle of decoding of brain waves

Category:Brain–computer interfacing


Battle of Monroe's Crossroads

The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads (also known as the Battle of Fayetteville Road, and colloquially in the North as Kilpatrick's Shirttail Skedaddle) was a battle during the Carolinas Campaign of the American Civil War in Cumberland County, North Carolina (now in Hoke County), on the grounds of the present day Fort Bragg Military Reservation. Involving about 4,500 men, it pitted mounted Confederate cavalry against dismounted Union cavalry. It was one of the last all-cavalry battles of the Civil War. The inconclusive fighting lasted for several hours early on the morning of March 10, 1865. The Confederate attack delayed the Federal cavalry's movement toward Fayetteville, denying Brevet Maj. Gen. Hugh Judson Kilpatrick the honor of entering the town first.

Battle

The main Confederate assault was at dawn and against a poorly guarded and sleeping Union camp. In command of the Confederate forces were Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton and Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, who were operating together for the first time. One of the goals (not fulfilled) was the capture of Kilpatrick himself, using a small elite squadron of hand-picked troopers. Kilpatrick, ensconced with his mistress in a small log cabin near the farmhouse of Charles Monroe, managed to flee the chaotic scene in his nightshirt, hiding for a period in a nearby swamp before regaining his composure and reorganizing his troops. While initially routed, the Federal cavalry soon recovered and counterattacked, eventually pressuring the Confederates to withdraw from the camp. Anticipating the approach of Union infantry, the Confederate commanders ordered their troops to disengage from the action in the mid-morning. Hampton's cavalry finally withdrew in good order toward Fayetteville. Confederate Brig. Gen. Thomas Harrison, Brig. Gen. William Y.C. Humes, Col. and brigade commander James Hagan and Col. and brigade commander Moses W. Hannon were wounded during the battle. Brig. Gen. William W. Allen and Colonel and brigade commander Henry Marshall Ashby were injured when their horses were shot from under them.

Aftermath
The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads gained the additional time needed for the Confederate infantry to conduct an organized crossing of the Cape Fear River at Fayetteville unmolested by the advancing Federals. With their troops and equipment east of the Cape Fear, the Confederates burned the bridges as Union forces entered the city.

The graves of several unidentified Union soldiers can still be seen today in the training area of Ft. Bragg a few miles south of the Normandy Dropzone near the Coleman Impact Area. All visits must be approved by range control.

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Longacre, Edward G. A Soldier to the Last: Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler in Blue and Gray. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2007. .
 National Park Service battle study
 NPS CWSAC battle summary
 CWSAC Report Update
 North Carolina History Project

Category:1865 in the American Civil War
Category:1865 in North Carolina
Monroe's Crossroads
Monroe's Crossroads
Monroe's Crossroads
Category:Hoke County, North Carolina
Monroe's Crossroads
Category:March 1865 events


Rail electrification in Queensland

In the late 1970s and 1980s, a significant rail electrification program was completed in the Australian state of Queensland. The electrified Queensland network is the largest in Australia with over 2,000 kilometres electrified, the next biggest is New South Wales with 640 kilometres, that is served mainly as passenger operations.

Today all suburban passenger services in South East Queensland are operated by Queensland Rail electric multiple units, as well as electric tilt train services as far as Rockhampton. An extensive network of freight lines are operated to service the Central Queensland coal networks is operated by Aurizon. The two networks are joined by the electrified North Coast line from Brisbane to Rockhampton, and the entire system is energised at 25 kV AC.

History

In the 1980s, three significant programs were completed:
Brisbane suburban network, opened between 1979 and 1988
Blackwater and Goonyella coal networks (including the Central West line as far as Emerald) opened in 1986/87
Caboolture to Gladstone section of the North Coast line opened in 1988/89

Since then there have been a number of new lines opened that have been electrified. As at 2014, 2,033 km of the 7,739 km Queensland network was electrified.

Brisbane Suburban Electification

Earlier proposals
The first electrification proposal was in 1897 when the Chief Engineer of the Queensland Railways was sent to study electrified railways in Europe and America. At the time the technology was in its infancy, and the costs outweighed the benefits, with Brisbane having a population of just 120,000. Further studies were carried out in 1915, and three decades later more investigations were carried out.

After World War II the Brisbane suburban network had become run down, and coal shortages were affecting the ability to run regular services. A committee was appointed to investigate, delivering their report in November 1947. It recommended the electrification of the suburban network by 1959 with the 1.5 kV DC system.  of single track including sidings would be involved, covering the lines to Shorncliffe, Yeerongpilly via Sherwood, Ferny Grove, Petrie, Pinkenba and Kingston. The report was adopted in February 1950 and preliminary works started.

However, the General Manager of QR's South Eastern Division decided track amplification was more important, with quadruplication of the line from Corinda to Zillmere given priority. A cutback in loan funds in 1952-53 slowed the works further, and a change of state government in 1957 saw the scheme abandoned in 1959. The main legacies of the project were the quadruplication of the Roma Street to Corinda section and the 112 stainless steel locomotive-hauled SX carriages, that were intended to be converted to electric multiple units at a later date. Built by Commonwealth Engineering between 1961 and 1963, they replaced older wooden stock and were the first stainless steel carriages in suburban traffic, and improved passenger comfort.

In 1965, a transport study recommended the closure of the entire suburban railway network except for an electrified corridor between Darra and Zillmere. In 1970, another study recommended the electrification of the entire network with the 1.5 kV DC system, and the construction of a link between South Brisbane and Roma Street (later realised as the Merivale Bridge).

Construction approved
In 1973, the Federal Government under Gough Whitlam offered the states a two-third subsidy on approved public passenger transport projects. The Queensland Government announced that it intended to electrify and modernize the Brisbane suburban network, but the Federal funding did not materialise and the state ended up funding the project itself. In 1974, Elrail Consultants and Transmark were engaged to advise of the design of the system, which was changed from 1.5 kV DC to the more efficient 25 kV AC system enabling the substation spacing to be significantly increased. Tenders were called in 1975 for the electrification of 150 route kilometres (250 track kilometres) of lines.

Work to improve overhead clearances for the catenary, and track amplification was also carried out. A new four-track capable tunnel was built between Brunswick Street (now Fortitude Valley) and Bowen Hills stations, and the tunnel floors were lowered between Central and Fortitude Valley, and Central and Roma Street . A new operations centre was opened at Mayne and the city sections of the network were resignalled. A flyover was built at Mayne for the Ferny Grove line to eliminate junction conflicts, and to serve the new electric car sidings. Work was also started on the Merivale Bridge to link the two halves of the network, separated by the Brisbane River. The Petrie to Caboolture section was rebuilt with five deviations to permit 100 km/h running speeds over the entire line, with similar deviation works carried out on the Beenleigh line.

Construction begins

Work began on erecting catenary on 16 May 1977, with a ceremony for the digging of the first post hole held at Ferny Grove station. The Ferny Grove to Darra section of line was chosen to be first due to the steep gradients and frequent stops. The contract for the trains themselves was awarded in 1977 to a consortium of Walkers Limited of Maryborough and ASEA of Sweden. The EMUs featured acceleration of  0.75 m/s² (2.46 ft/s²) and braking of 1.0 m/s² (3.28 ft/s²) enabling an all-stops train to operate a Ferny Grove service in 25 minutes, an eight-minute saving over diesel-hauled services.

On 8 May 1979, the first section of the new system was energized, from Roma Street to Corinda to permit testing and driver training. On November 17 the same year, the Darra to Ferny Grove and Mayne Depot sections were officially opened. Although only four three-car sets were available for traffic at the time, services commenced between Darra to Ferny Grove on 19 November 1979. All off-peak services were able to be provided by the four units, but most peak hour services remained diesel hauled, with additional EMU units introduced as they were delivered.

Further commissioning dates were:
Darra to Ipswich 20 September 1980
Roma Street to Fortitude Valley (via Normanby and Exhibition line) 3 March 1982
Bowen Hills to Shorncliffe, Roma Street to Kingston, Corinda to Yeerongpilly (down line only) all on 18 September 1982
Northgate to Petrie 23 April 1983
Park Road and Dutton Park to Thorneside 15 October 1983
Kingston to Beenleigh, Yeerongpilly to Corinda (up line), Indooroopilly to Chelmer (via Main line) all on 3 November 1984
Petrie to Caboolture 28 June 1986
Thorneside to Wellington Point 26 July 1986
Wellington Point to Cleveland 24 October 1987
Eagle Junction to Eagle Farm 6 February 1988 (although services today only operate as far as Doomben)

The Roma Street to Mayne connection via Normanby enabled the operation of electric trains to the 1982 Brisbane Exhibition. The line to Yeerongpilly enabled the operation of trains between Sunnybank and Ipswich for the 1982 Commonwealth Games.

Whilst the Pinkenba line was the final to be electrified under this program, completing the electrification of the Brisbane suburban network as it was at the time, the Thorneside to Cleveland sections were electrified from opening. The original 'rural' branch line to Cleveland (opened 1889) was closed beyond Lota in 1960, but the local government retained the corridor, which allowed the line to be rebuilt to contemporary standards as a suburban line and serve the expanding Greater Brisbane area only a generation later. The new terminal station was the former Raby Bay station, one station before the original Cleveland station, purportedly to facilitate extension of the line to Redland Bay in the future.

Despite the introduction of electric trains some diesel hauled services continued, such as to Pinkenba, which continued beyond the end of the wires on the Doomben line until September 1993.

The benefits of electrification were soon realised, with patronage increasing 60-65% on most lines in the first full year of operation.

Subsequent expansion

Electrification of the Main Line west of Ipswich 18 km to Rosewood opened in 1993.

In 1983, the State Government announced an investigation into the reconstruction of the Gold Coast railway as far as Robina after the lacking interest of rail transport forced the closure of the South Coast line. Construction was approved in 1991, the  railway being electrified when opened from Beenleigh to Helensvale in 1996, and was extended to Robina in 1997, and to Varsity Lakes in 2009. This was another situation of a contemporary replacement for a former line (the South Coast line), though in this case there was a new alignment adopted allowing 160 km maximum speed, though units currently operate at 140 km/h. There are plans to extend the line to Gold Coast Airport, though not until 2025 at the earliest.

The growth in patronage as a result of electrification resulted in the quadruplication of the Roma Street to Northgate section in 1996, including two pairs of single track tunnels and the realisation of the use of the Bowen Hills tunnel widened 20 years earlier. Some of the roadbed and bridge abutments had been built in the 1950s before the original scheme was abandoned. A third line has been added to Petrie as part of the construction of the Redcliffe Peninsula line which opened in October 2016.

A third line has also been added from South Brisbane to Kuraby, including the dual gauging of the standard gauge line to Acacia Ridge, with proposals to extend it to Kingston.

The Airport line opened from Eagle Junction to the Brisbane Airport in 2001. The Springfield line opened from Darra to Richlands in 2011, being extended to Springfield Central in December 2013. In October 2016, the Redcliffe Peninsula line opened from Petrie to Kippa-Ring

With the introduction of the TransLink integrated electronic ticketing system, electric services on the North Coast line to Nambour and Gympie, and on the Main Line west of Ipswich to Rosewood are considered part of the Brisbane suburban network.

Coal System scheme

The efficiencies shown by the suburban electrification, and the fact the diesel locomotive fleet was due for renewal, led to an investigation of the potential benefits in electrifying the Central Queensland coal networks in 1979. A four-stage scheme was approved in 1983, the stages being:
Stage 1 - Gladstone to Blackwater and associated coal lines
Stage 2 - Hay Point (near Mackay) to Goonyella and associated coal lines
Stage 3 - Burngrove to Emerald
Stage 4 - Abbot Point (near Bowen) to Newlands

The Blackwater system was given priority because it would achieve greater fuel savings, as its coal trains were interrupted by general traffic, and the first section was commissioned in September 1986.

The first section of the Goonyella system, from Hay Point to Peak Downs Mine, was commissioned on 29 May 1987, and extended to Saraji coal mine on 4 June 1987 and the balance to Gregory Junction in September that year.

The Emerald extension was to enable goods traffic from further west to be electrically hauled, and in anticipation of coal mines developing in the area. It involved relaying the entire section with 50 kg/m rail, some curve easing and replacing all timber bridges with concrete structures.

Stage 4 was subsequently amended to be the Caboolture to Gladstone project covered below, and Newlands line coal trains remain diesel hauled.

Implementation
The Gladstone to Rockhampton section opened on 6 September 1986, and was extended to Curragh coal mine on 29 May 1987, with the remaining coal lines being commissioned over the remainder of 1987. Some upgrading of the lines was undertaken as part of the scheme, such as realigning any curves sharper than 600m radius so a constant 60 km/h speed for loaded trains could be achieved. Empty trains travel at 80 km/h.

The Hay Point to Coppabella coal mine section opened in May 1987, and the entire system was in operation by the end of that year. This stage included electrifying the connection to the  Blackwater system, providing an alternative route in situations of line disruption, but the two systems otherwise operate independently.

The Emerald section was opened on 30 October 1987 after the line was extensively upgraded, including being relaid with 50 kg/m rail, the first use of rail of this weight in Queensland. To date no electric coal trains use this section, and the Minerva mine on the Springsure branch is served by diesel locomotives.

Included in the scheme was the order of 146 3000 kW tri-bo 3100/3200 and 3500/3600 class locomotives, later increased to 166 to include the North Coast line requirements. Additional 3800 class locomotives have since been added to the fleet with a power output of 4000 kW.

The advances in diesel locomotive development in the 1990s changed the cost-benefit aspects of electrification, and the 107 km Bauhinia line from Kinrola to Rollestone was not electrified when opened in 2006. Due to increased tonnage being hauled, it was electrified in December 2014.

Aurizon's Sustainability Report 2017 notes that the cost of electric locomotive haulage has increased 70% since 2008, while the cost of diesel locomotive haulage has decreased by 15% over the same period, indicating further expansion of the electrified network is unlikely for the foreseeable future.

North Coast line scheme

In 1986 the Queensland government announced it had deferred the electrification of the Abbot Point to Newlands line and would instead electrify the Caboolture to Gladstone section (469 km) of the North Coast line connecting the Brisbane and Central Queensland electrified systems.

In addition, four major deviations were undertaken to improve the rail alignment, at Eumundi, a bypass of Gympie, at Maryborough West and at Benaraby. The Eumundi Range deviation eased the grade from 1 in 48 (~2.1%) to 1 in 90 (1.1%) and reduced the minimum curve to 550m radius. The Gympie bypass removed the steepest grade on the entire North Coast line, reducing the grade  from 1 in 45 (~2.2%) to 1 in 100 (1%). The Maryborough West project eliminated the need for passenger trains to back into or out of Baddow station. The realigned Benaraby bank crossed the original sharply curved alignment eight times.

Electrification works commenced from Caboolture, and opened to Nambour on 28 April 1988 in time for World Expo 88. The electrification was opened to the new Gympie North station on 4 February 1989, and to Gladstone on 3 July 1989.

A 120 km/h Intercity Express service was introduced from Brisbane to Rockhampton, reducing the journey by three hours, and all express freight trains were electrically hauled. An interesting outcome of this was the decision by QR to purchase larger diesel locomotives for use north of Rockhampton, in order to avoid the need to divide the freight trains there, as there was an imbalance between the maximum load the existing diesels could haul.

A further improvement to the Brisbane to Rockhampton passenger service occurred with the introduction of the Tilt Train in 1998, reducing the journey time by another two hours.

As coal export volumes grew significantly in the early 2000s, the 3900 class locomotives utilised on the North Coast linewere transferred to the Blackwater system, though as they had been geared for 100 km/h operation compared to the 80 km/h gearing for the coal locos, they were only considered to be a stop-gap measure. However, although new locomotives have since been put into service on the electrified coal systems, the locomotives have not returned to the line and are in storage. All freight trains are currently diesel hauled, with the Tilt Train being the only electrically powered service between Gympie North and Gladstone.

See also

Rail electrification in Australia
Rail transport in Queensland

References

External links
Queensland Rail

Category:Rail infrastructure in Queensland
Category:Electric railways in Australia


List of Miss Universe titleholders

The following is a list of women who have won the Miss Universe title.

Miss Universe Titleholders

Country/Territory by number of wins

Gallery of winners

Notes

References

External links
Official Miss Universe website

Miss Universe titleholders
Miss Universe titleholders
*
*


Shongum, New Jersey

Shongum is an unincorporated community located within Randolph Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. It is located near Shongum Lake. The community is located  away from Mount Freedom, New Jersey.

The first inhabitants of Shongum were the Lenni Lenape Indians who belonged to the Minsi tribe. They had six campsites and a rock shelter in the Shongum area and used the banks of the Den Brook as a pathway to a branch of the Minisink trail in Denville. The land was purchased by the Proprietors of West Jersey from the Indians in 1712. William Penn, one of the Proprietors, received 2500 acres encompassing the Shongum area as a dividend in 1715.

The name Shongum is derived from Shawanguck or Shawangung, the Lenape word for "mountain".

Shongum Lake and Club

The Shongum Club (then called the Shongum Lake Club) is located on Shongum Road at Shongum Lake and was founded in 1879 by prominent gentlemen from the Dover-Morristown area, as a gathering place for men who liked to hunt and fish. The club was dedicated to recreational activities and the clubhouse was leased from the Cutler family of Morristown. The clubhouse was probably built as early as 1853 and is still standing today.

Shongum Lake had a reputation for having an abundance of black bass and small mouth bass, perch, pickerel, blue gills and crappies. The lake is not a natural one, and was created in 1758 by Robert Young, who had purchased the land from William Penn to operate an iron forge. The Den Brook was dammed up to create a lake which was fed with a constant supply of "the purest water". In 1884, the club had 50 members, the initiation fee was  $25.00, and yearly dues were $10.00. The guest register was quite impressive containing the names of many very wealthy men and prominent politicians. There were congressmen, senators, educators including the president of Rutgers University and even presidents who visited Shongum.

During the depression, membership dropped and the Cutler family sold the club building after it had been in the family for 100 years. It became the property of Benjamin Bragman and was used as a dwelling. In 1974 it was acquired by the Shongum Lake Property Owners Association and is used once again for club functions and private parties.

See also
Indian Lake (New Jersey)
Rockaway River

References

Category:Randolph, New Jersey
Category:Unincorporated communities in Morris County, New Jersey


Charles Thomas (footballer)

Charles Thomas  (1876 – 1935) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team between 1899 and 1900, playing 2 matches. He played his first match on 4 March 1899 against Ireland and his last match on 3 February 1900 against Scotland. At club level, he played for Druids and played two matches.

See also
 List of Wales international footballers (alphabetical)

References

Category:1876 births
Category:1935 deaths
Category:Welsh footballers
Category:Wales international footballers
Category:Druids F.C. players
Category:Place of birth missing

Category:Association footballers not categorized by position


Dato' Sri Siti Nurhaliza On Tour

Dato' Sri Siti Nurhaliza On Tour is an Asian concert tour by Malaysian singer Siti Nurhaliza. The concert was held on February 21 to March 16, 2019 to coincide with 24th anniversary of Siti's musical career. Estimated at a budget about RM10 million, Siti Nurhaliza on Tour was touted as the most expensive concerts in the Malaysian entertainment history. Siti went on planned to embark her concert tour in London which scheduled in April.

Background
The concert was announced by Siti during the concert's press conference in 18 December 2018. She discloses that the organizer, Shiraz Projects to received any sponsorships openly to any parties for her concert, which slated to toured four countries by 2019. She commented: "I’m blessed that the organiser behind the tour (Shiraz Project), has arranged for vocal training sessions from the very best. There’s always room for improvement in anything you do, even if you’ve been doing it for a long time,".

Tour dates

See also
 List of Siti Nurhaliza concert tours

References

External links
 Dato' Sri Siti Nurhaliza On Tour on Facebook

Category:2019 in music
Category:Siti Nurhaliza concert tours


List of state leaders in 1961

Africa

 Cameroon
the Southern Cameroons part of British Cameroons joined Cameroon on 1 October 1961
President - Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
Prime Ministers-
East Cameroon - Charles Assalé, Prime Minister of East Cameroon (1960–1965)
West Cameroon - John Ngu Foncha, Prime Minister of West Cameroon (1959–1965)
Commissioner - John Osbaldiston Field, Commissioner of British Cameroons (1956–1961)
 Central African Republic
President - David Dacko, President of the Central African Republic (1960–1966)
 Chad
 Head of State - François Tombalbaye, Head of State of Chad (1960–1975)
 Prime Minister - François Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)
 Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
President - Fulbert Youlou, President of Congo (Brazzaville) (1960–1963)
 Congo–Léopoldville (Republic of the Congo)
Head of State - Joseph Kasa-Vubu, Head of State of Congo (Léopoldville) (1960–1965)
Prime Minister -
 Justin Marie Bomboko, Chairman of the Board of Commissioners-general of Congo (Léopoldville) (1960–1961)
 Joseph Iléo, Prime Minister of Congo (Léopoldville) (1961)
 Cyrille Adoula, Prime Minister of Congo (Léopoldville) (1961–1964)
South Kasai (unrecognized secessionist state)
reintegrated into Congo (Léopoldville) on 30 December 1961
President - Albert Kalonji, President of South Kasai (1960–1961)
Prime Minister - Joseph Ngalula, Prime Minister of South Kasai (1960–1961)
Katanga (unrecognized secessionist state)
President - Moise Tshombe, President of Katanga (1960–1963)
 Dahomey
 President - Hubert Maga, President of Dahomey (1960–1963)
 Egypt (United Arab Republic)
the United Arab Republic ended with Syria's secession on 28 September 1961, but Egypt continued to be officially named United Arab Republic
President - Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954–1970)
Prime Minister - Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954–1962)
 Ethiopia
Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)
 Prime Minister - Aklilu Habte-Wold, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1961–1974)
 Gabon
President - Léon M'ba, President of Gabon (1960–1964)
Prime Minister - Léon M'ba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1957–1961)
 Ghana
President - Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana (1960–1966)
 Guinea
President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
 Ivory Coast
President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
 Liberia
President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
 Libya
 Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
 Prime Minister - Muhammad Osman Said, Prime Minister of Libya (1960–1963)
 Malagasy Republic
 President - Philibert Tsiranana, President of the Malagasy Republic (1959–1972)
 Mali
 Head of State - Modibo Keïta, Chief of State of Mali (1960–1968)
 Prime Minister - Modibo Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1959–1965)
 Mauritania
 President - Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960–1978)
 Prime Minister - Moktar Ould Daddah, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1957–1961)
 Morocco
 Monarch -
 Mohammed V, King of Morocco (1955–1961)
 Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
 Niger
 President - Hamani Diori, President of Niger (1960–1974)
 Nigeria
the Northern Cameroons part of British Cameroons joined Nigeria on 1 June 1961
 Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Nigeria (1960–1963)
 Governor-General - Nnamdi Azikiwe, Governor-General of Nigeria (1960–1966)
 Prime Minister - Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Prime Minister of Nigeria (1957–1966)
Commissioner - John Osbaldiston Field, Commissioner of British Cameroons (1956–1961)
 Senegal
 President - Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
 Prime Minister - Mamadou Dia, Prime Minister of Senegal (1957–1962)
 Sierra Leone
gained independence on 27 April 1961
 Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Sierra Leone (1961–1971)
 Governor-General - Sir Maurice Henry Dorman, Governor of Sierra Leone (1956–1961), Governor-General of Sierra Leone (1961–1962)
 Prime Minister - Sir Milton Margai, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1954–1964)
 Somalia
 President - Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President of Somalia (1960–1967)
 Prime Minister - Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Prime Minister of Somalia (1960–1964)
 South Africa
Union of South Africa changed name to the Republic of South Africa on 31 May 1961
 Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961)
 Governor-General -
 Charles Robberts Swart, Governor-General of South Africa (1960–1961)
 Lucas Cornelius Steyn, Officer Administering the Government of South Africa (1961)
 President - Charles Robberts Swart, State President of South Africa (1961–1967)
 Prime Minister - Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (1958–1966)
 Sudan
 President - Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan (1958–1964)
 Prime Minister - Ibrahim Abboud, Prime Minister of Sudan (1958–1964)
 Tanganyika
Tanganyika Territory gained independence on 9 December 1961
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tanganyika (1961–1962)
 Governor-General - Sir Richard Turnbull, Governor of Tanganyika (1958–1961), Governor-General of Tanganyika (1961–1962)
 Prime Minister - Julius Nyerere, Prime Minister of Tanganyika (1960–1962)
 Togo
 President - Sylvanus Olympio, President of Togo (1960–1963)
 Prime Minister - Sylvanus Olympio, Prime Minister of Togo (1958–1961)
 Tunisia
 President - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
 United Arab Republic
the United Arab Republic ended with Syria's secession on 28 September 1961, but Egypt continued to be officially named United Arab Republic
President - Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the United Arab Republic (1954–1970)
Prime Minister - Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of the United Arab Republic (1954–1962)
 Upper Volta
President - Maurice Yaméogo, President of Upper Volta (1959–1966)

Asia
 Afghanistan
Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
Prime Minister - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1953–1963)
 Bhutan
 Monarch - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
 Prime Minister - Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)
 Burma
 President - Win Maung, President of Burma (1957–1962)
 Prime Minister - U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1960–1962)
 Cambodia
 Head of State - Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia (1960–1970)
 Prime Minister -
 Pho Proeung, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1960–1961)
 Penn Nouth, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1961)
 Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1961–1962)
 Ceylon
 Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
 Governor-General - Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, Governor-General of Ceylon (1954–1962)
Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1960–1965)
China (People's Republic of China)
 Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
 Head of State - Liu Shaoqi, Chairman of China (1959–1968)
 Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
 India
Portuguese India was occupied and annexed by India on 19 December 1961
President - Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
Governor-General - Manuel António Vassalo e Silva, Governor-General of Portuguese India (1958–1961)
Indonesia
President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)
 Iran
Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
Prime Minister -
 Jafar Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister of Iran (1960–1961)
 Ali Amini, Prime Minister of Iran (1961–1962)
 Iraq
Head of State - Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i, Chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Iraq (1958–1963)
Prime Minister - Abd al-Karim Qasim, Prime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963)
 Israel
President - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1955–1963)
Japan
Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister - Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister of Japan (1960–1964)
 Jordan
 Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
Prime Minister - Bahjat Talhouni, Prime Minister of Jordan (1960–1962)
 North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
 Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
 Head of State - Choi Yong-kun, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1957–1972)
 Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)
 South Korea (Republic of Korea)
President - Yun Bo-seon, President of South Korea (1960–1962)
Head of Government-
 Chang Myon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1960–1961)
 Jang Do-yeong, Chief Cabinet Minister of South Korea (1961)
 Song Yo-chan, Chief Cabinet Minister of South Korea (1961–1962)
 Kuwait
the Sheikhdom of Kuwait gained independence on 19 June 1961
Politician agent - John Richmond, Political agent in Kuwait (1959–1961)
Monarch - Sheikh Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1950–1965)
 Laos
 Monarch - Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
 Prime Minister - Prince Boun Oum, Prime Minister of Laos (1960–1962)
 Lebanon
President - Fuad Chehab, President of Lebanon (1958–1964)
Prime Minister -
 Saeb Salam, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1960–1961)
 Rashid Karami, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1961–1964)
 Malaya
 Monarch - Tuanku Syed Putra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1960–1965)
 Prime Minister - Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaya (1955–1970)
 Mongolia
 Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
Head of State - Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
Premier - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
 Muscat and Oman
 Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
Monarch - Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
Prime Minister - Tulsi Giri, Prime Minister of Nepal (1960–1963)
 Pakistan
President - Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (1958–1969)
 Philippines
President -
 Carlos P. Garcia, President of the Philippines (1957–1961)
 Diosdado Macapagal, President of the Philippines (1961–1965)
 Saudi Arabia
 Monarch - Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
 Prime Minister - Saud, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1960–1962)
 Suvadive Islands (unrecognized secessionist state)
President - Abdullah Afeef, President of the Suvadive Islands (1959–1963)
 Syria
left the United Arab Republic on 28 September 1961
President -
 Maamun al-Kuzbari, Acting President of Syria (1961)
 Izzat an-Nuss, Acting President of Syria (1961)
 Nazim al-Kudsi, President of Syria (1961–1963)
 Prime Minister -
 Abdel Hamid Sarraj, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Northern (Syrian) Region of the United Arab Republic (1960–1961)
 Maamun al-Kuzbari, Prime Minister of Syria (1961)
 Izzat an-Nuss, Prime Minister of Syria (1961)
 Maarouf al-Dawalibi, Prime Minister of Syria (1961–1962)
 Taiwan (Republic of China)
 President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
 Premier - Chen Cheng, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1958–1963)
 Thailand
 Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
 Prime Minister - Sarit Thanarat, Prime Minister of Thailand (1958–1963)
 Turkey
 Head of State - Cemal Gürsel, Head of State of Turkey (1960–1966)
 Prime Minister -
 Cemal Gürsel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1960–1961)
 Fahrettin Özdilek, Acting Prime Minister of Turkey (1961)
 İsmet İnönü, Prime Minister of Turkey (1961–1965)
 North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
 Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
 President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
 Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)
 South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
 President - Ngô Đình Diệm, President of South Vietnam (1955–1963)
 Yemen
 Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1955–1962)

Europe
 Albania
 Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
 Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
 Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
 Andorra
Monarchs -
 French Co-Prince - Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1959–1969)
Co-Prince's Representative -
 Jean Lafon de Lageneste (1958–1961)
 Étienne Vaysset (1961–1964)
 Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
First Syndic - Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1960–1966)
Austria
President - Adolf Schärf, Federal President of Austria (1957–1965)
Chancellor -
Julius Raab, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1953–1961)
Alfons Gorbach, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1961–1964)
 Belgium
 Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
 Prime Minister -
Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1958–1961)
Théo Lefèvre, Prime Minister of Belgium (1961–1965)
 Bulgaria
 Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
 Head of State - Dimitar Ganev, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1958–1964)
 Premier - Anton Yugov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1956–1962)
 Cyprus
 President - Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1960–1974)
Czechoslovakia
 Communist Party Leader - Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
 President - Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
 Prime Minister - Viliam Široký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963)
Denmark
 Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
 Prime Minister - Viggo Kampmann, Prime Minister of Denmark (1960–1962)
 Finland
 President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
 Prime Minister -
V. J. Sukselainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1959–1961)
Eemil Luukka, Acting Prime Minister of Finland (1961)
Martti Miettunen, Prime Minister of Finland (1961–1962)
 France
President - Charles de Gaulle, President of France (1959–1969)
Prime Minister - Michel Debré, Prime Minister of France (1959–1962)
 East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
Head of State - Walter Ulbricht, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1960–1973)
Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
 West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
President - Heinrich Lübke, Federal President of West Germany (1959–1969)
Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
Governing Mayor - Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)
 Greece
 Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
 Prime Minister -
 Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1958–1961)
 Konstantinos Dovas, Interim President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1961)
 Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1961–1963)
 Hungary
Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
Head of State - István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
Premier -
 Ferenc Münnich, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1958–1961)
 János Kádár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1961–1965)
 Iceland
 President - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
 Prime Minister -
 Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1959–1963)
 Bjarni Benediktsson, Acting Prime Minister of Iceland (1961)
 Ireland
President - Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland (1959–1973)
Prime Minister - Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (1959–1966)
 Italy
President - Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy (1955–1962)
Prime Minister - Amintore Fanfani, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1960–1963)
 Liechtenstein
Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
 Luxembourg
Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)
Regent - Hereditary Grand Duke Jean, Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1961–1964)
Prime Minister - Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1959–1974)
 Monaco
Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
Head of Government - Émile Pelletier, Minister of State of Monaco (1959–1962)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
Netherlands (constituent country)
Prime Minister - Jan de Quay, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1959–1963)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
 Governor -
 Antonius B. Speekenbrink, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1957–1961)
 Christiaan Winkel, Acting Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1961–1962)
 Prime Minister - Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
Suriname (constituent country)
 Governor-General - Jan van Tilburg, Governor-General of Suriname (1956–1963)
 Prime Minister - Severinus Désiré Emanuels, Prime Minister of Suriname (1958–1963)
 Norway
 Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
 Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1955–1963)
 Poland
Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
Head of State - Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
Premier - Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
 Portugal
President - Américo Tomás, President of Portugal (1958–1974)
Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
 Romania
Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1955–1965)
Head of State -
 Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1958–1961)
 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, President of the Council of State of Romania (1961–1965)
Premier -
 Chivu Stoica, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1955–1961)
 Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1961–1974)
 San Marino
Captains Regent
 Eugenio Reffi and Pietro Giancecchi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1960–1961)
 Federico Micheloni and Giancarlo Ghironzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1961)
 Giovanni Vito Marcucci and Pio Galassi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1961–1962)
Soviet Union
Communist Party Leader - Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
Head of State - Leonid Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1960–1964)
Premier - Nikita Khrushchev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1958–1964)
Spain
Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
 Sweden
 Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
 Switzerland
Federal Council:
 Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1958–1965, President), Jean Bourgknecht (1959–1962), Willy Spühler (1959–1970), Ludwig von Moos (1959–1971), Hans-Peter Tschudi (1959–1973), Hans Schaffner (1961–1969)
 United Kingdom
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
Prime Minister - Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963)
Vatican City
 Monarch - Pope John XXIII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1958–1963)
 President of the Governorate -
 Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
 Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1961–1969)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
 Secretary of State -
 Cardinal Domenico Tardini, Cardinal Secretary of State (1952–1961)
 Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Cardinal Secretary of State (1961–1969)
Yugoslavia
Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
President - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
Premier - Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America
Canada
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
Governor General - Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (1959–1967)
Prime Minister - John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada (1957–1963)
Costa Rica
President - Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (1958–1962)
 Cuba
 President - Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
 Prime Minister - Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)
Dominican Republic
De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1960–1962)
 El Salvador
Head of State -
 Junta of Government, Head of State of El Salvador (1960–1961)
 Civic-Military Directory, Head of State of El Salvador (1961–1962)
 Guatemala
President - Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, President of Guatemala (1958–1963)
 Haiti
 President - François Duvalier, President of Haiti (1957–1971)
 Honduras
President - Ramón Villeda Morales, President of Honduras (1957–1963)
 Mexico
 President - Adolfo López Mateos, President of Mexico (1958–1964)
 Nicaragua
 President - Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1956–1963)
 Panama
 President - Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President of Panama (1960–1964)
 United States of America
President -
 Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States (1953–1961)
 John F. Kennedy, President of the United States (1961–1963)

Oceania
Australia
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
Governor-General -
William Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil, Governor-General of Australia (1960–1961)
Sir Dallas Brooks, Administrator of the Government of Australia (1961)
William Sidney, Viscount De L'Isle, Governor-General of Australia (1961–1965)
Prime Minister - Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
 New Zealand
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
Governor-General - Charles Lyttelton, Viscount Cobham, Governor-General of New Zealand (1957–1962)
Prime Minister - Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1960–1972)

South America
 Argentina
President - Arturo Frondizi, President of Argentina (1958–1962)
 Bolivia
President - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1960–1964)
 Brazil
President -
 Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil (1956–1961)
 Jânio Quadros, President of Brazil (1961)
 Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Acting President of Brazil (1961)
 João Goulart, President of Brazil (1961–1964)
Prime Minister - Tancredo Neves, Prime Minister of Brazil (1961–1962)
 Chile
President - Jorge Alessandri, President of Chile (1958–1964)
 Colombia
President - Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia (1958–1962)
 Ecuador
President -
 José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1960–1961)
 Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy, President of Ecuador (1961–1963)
 Paraguay
President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
 Peru
President - Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1956–1962)
Prime Minister -
 Pedro Gerardo Beltrán Espantoso, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1959–1961)
 Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1961–1962)
Uruguay
Head of State -
Benito Nardone, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1960–1961)
Eduardo Víctor Haedo, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1961–1962)
Venezuela
President - Rómulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (1959–1964)

References

Rulers

External links


Jin Urayama

is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Osaka Prefecture. He is affiliated with Production Taiku.

Filmography

Television animation
Parappa the Rapper (2001) (The Prince (human))
Kyo Kara Maoh! (2004) (Monk)
Madlax (2004) (SSS)
Blood+ (2005) (Veteran)
Cluster Edge (2005) (General)
Full Metal Panic!: The Second Raid (2005) (Middle-aged doctor)
Speed Grapher (2005) (Professor)
Super Robot Wars Original Generation: Divine Wars (2006) (Captain)
Romeo × Juliet (2007) (Titus)
Naruto Shippuuden (2009) (Gerotora)
Highschool of the Dead (2010) (Tadashi Miyamoto (episode 2))
Dance in the Vampire Bund (2010) (Katsuichi Mizoguchi)
Punch Line (2015) (Qmay Tsubouchi)
Vinland Saga (2019) (Ragnar)

OVA
Saikano Another Love Story (2005) (Deputy secretary)
Armored Trooper VOTOMS: Case; Irvine (2011) (Clemenceau)
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (2015) (Degwin Sodo Zabi)

Theatrical animation
Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: Operation Golden Spy (2011) (Butter)
Detective Conan: Dimensional Sniper (2014) (Commentator)

Video games
Soulcalibur IV (2008) (Cervantes de León)
Soulcalibur V (2012) (Cervantes de León)
Final Fantasy XV (2016) (Verstael Besithia)
Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice (2019) (Sculptor)
Kingdom Hearts III (2019) (Narrator from Olympus)

Dubbing roles

Live-action
Anthony Hopkins
Thor (Odin)
Thor: The Dark World (Odin)
Solace (John Clancy)
Bad Asses (Bernie Pope (Danny Glover))
Blade Runner: The Final Cut (Bryant (M. Emmet Walsh))
The Death and Life of Bobby Z (Johnson (Keith Carradine))
Doubt (Father Brendan Flynn (Philip Seymour Hoffman))
Footloose (Uncle Wes Warnicker (Ray McKinnon))
From Dusk till Dawn: The Series (Jacob Fuller (Robert Patrick))
The Games Maker (Nicholas (Ed Asner))
Jumanji: The Next Level (Eddie Gilpin (Danny DeVito))
Layer Cake (Jimmy Price (Kenneth Cranham))
Medium (District Attorney Manuel Devalos (Miguel Sandoval))
Mortal Engines (Mr. Wreyland (Peter Rowley))
Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (Gus (Mickey Rooney))
The O.C. (Caleb Nichol (Alan Dale))
One Tree Hill (Whitey Durham (Barry Corbin))
Paddington 2 (Judge Gerald Biggleswade (Tom Conti))
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (Spanish Sea Captain (Juan Carlos Vellido))
Pixels (Admiral Porter (Brian Cox))
Predator (2001 TV Asahi edition) (Blain Cooper (Jesse Ventura))
Run All Night (Eddie Conlon (Nick Nolte))
Salt (Oleg Vassily Orlov (Daniel Olbrychski))
Sarah's Key (Jules Dufaure (Niels Arestrup))
Taxi Driver (Wizard (Peter Boyle))
Transformers: Age of Extinction (Ratchet)
Unfaithful (2006 TV Asahi edition) (Tracy (Kate Burton))
Unstoppable (Oscar Galvin (Kevin Dunn))
Whiplash (Jim Neiman (Paul Reiser))

Animation
The Angry Birds Movie (Judge Peckinpah)
Bee Movie (Layton T. Montgomery)
Cars (Doc Hudson)
Inside Out (Anger)
Jackie Chan Adventures (Shendu, Ratso, Fox, policeman)
Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales (Emperor Palpatine)
Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures (Emperor Palpatine)
Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles (Emperor Palpatine)
The Queen's Corgi (Pollux)
Ratatouille (Skinner)
Spider-Man (Presiding judge)
Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (Magneto, Mister Frump, Uncle Genju))
Star Wars: Clone Wars (K'Kruhk)
Teen Titans (Bob)
X-Men (Toon Disney edition) (Magneto)

References

External links

Category:1956 births
Category:Japanese male voice actors
Category:Living people
Category:Male voice actors from Osaka Prefecture


Yashil

Yashil (, also Romanized as Yāshīl; also known as Bāshīl and Yāshel) is a village in Bakrabad Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 218, in 53 families.

References

Category:Towns and villages in Varzaqan County


Dartmouth Big Green men's squash

The Dartmouth Big Green team is the intercollegiate men's squash team for Dartmouth College located in Hanover, New Hampshire. The team competes in the Ivy League within the College Squash Association. The university first fielded a squash team in 1935. The current is head coach is former professional squash player Hansi Wiens.

History

Year-by-year results

Men's Squash
Updated March 2018.

Players

Current roster
Updated August 2019.

|}

References

External links
 Dartmouth Athletics

Squash, men
Category:Sports clubs established in 1935

Category:College men's squash teams in the United States


El Gordo, Cáceres

El Gordo  is a municipality in the province of Cáceres and autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of  and as of 2011 had a population of 385 people.

References

Category:Populated places in the Province of Cáceres


Fatehpora

Fatehpora also known as Fateh Pora & Fatehpura, is an economic hub area of Anantnag district in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, India.Fatehpora is located at . It has an average elevation of 1600 metres (5478 feet) above mean sea level.

Demographics
As per the 2011 India Census, Fatehpora had a population of 6,737, with males constituting 51% of the population and females, 49%. Fatehpora had an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. The male literacy was 67%, and female literacy was 53%. In Fatehpora, 17% of the population was under 6 years of age. Nearly all of the persons living in Fatehpora are Sunni Muslims.

Geography
Fatehpora is constituted of main area like Babadar,Khan Pora,Kabamarg,Gund Fatehpora & Kuchipora.
Fatehpora is located at , [2] at an average elevation of 1600 metres (5300 feet) above sea level, at a distance of 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Srinagar.Near Fatehpora exists the confluence of three streams, Brengi and Sandran, and the resulting river is named Veth or Jhelum. There are several larger streams such as Brengi. Another stream Lidar joins the river a little downstream and from that point the river becomes navigable.

Transport

By Rail
Sadura Railway Station & Anantnag Railway Station are the closest railway stations for Fatehpora. However, ever Jammu Tawi Railway Station is major railway station 243 km near to Fatehpora.

Education

Colleges
Govt. Polytechnic College,Larkipora

Schools
 Baba Naseeb-u-Din Gazi Memorial Public School, Fatehpora
 Government Higher Secondary School, Kabamarg (Fatehpora)
 Government Middle School, Fatehpora
 Government Middle School (Girls), Fatehpora

See also
Anantnag

References

External links

Category:Villages in Anantnag district
Category:Ancient Indian cities
Category:Tourist attractions in Srinagar
Category:Kashmir
Category:Anantnag district


Warrensburg Mills Historic District

Warrensburg Mills Historic District is a national historic district located at Warrensburg, Warren County, New York.  It includes 58 contributing buildings and four contributing structures. It encompasses a number of mill complexes and homes related to the development of Warrensburg.  It includes a mill dam, Emerson Sawmill (ca. 1820), grist mill, early shirt factory (1878), later shirt factory (1898), office building (1855), coal storage shed (ca. 1920), grain warehouses, and 51 wood residences and one brick residence.  Also within the district are the Osborne Bridge (ca. 1930), and Woolen Mill Bridge (ca. 1895, constructed by Croton Bridge Builders).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

External links

Warrensburg Mills Historic District Map

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Category:Historic districts in Warren County, New York
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, New York


Ian Charleson

Ian Charleson (11 August 1949 – 6 January 1990) was a Scottish stage and film actor. He is best known internationally for his starring role as Olympic athlete and missionary Eric Liddell, in the Oscar-winning 1981 film Chariots of Fire. He is also well known for his portrayal of Rev. Charlie Andrews in the 1982 Oscar-winning film Gandhi.

Charleson was a noted actor on the British stage as well, with critically acclaimed leads in Guys and Dolls, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Fool for Love, and Hamlet, among many others. He performed numerous Shakespearean roles, and in 1991 the annual Ian Charleson Awards were established, particularly in honour of his final Hamlet. The awards reward the best classical stage performances in Britain by actors aged under 30.

The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography describes Charleson as "a leading player of charm and power" and "one of the finest British actors of his generation". Alan Bates wrote that Charleson was "definitely among the top ten actors of his age group". Ian McKellen said Charleson was "the most unmannered and unactorish of actors: always truthful, always honest".

Charleson was diagnosed with HIV in 1986, and died in 1990 at the age of 40.  This was the first celebrity death in the United Kingdom openly attributed to AIDS, and the announcement helped to promote awareness and acceptance of the disease.

Early life

Born in Edinburgh, Charleson was the son of a printer, and grew up in a working-class area of the city. A bright, musical, artistic child, by the age of eight he was performing in local theatre productions. He won a scholarship to and attended Edinburgh's Royal High School; and in his teens, Charleson joined and performed with The Jasons, an Edinburgh amateur theatrical group. He also sang solo as a boy soprano in church and in the Royal High School choir, which performed on the radio and in Edinburgh Festival concerts.

Charleson won a scholarship to the University of Edinburgh, which he attended from 1967–1970, obtaining a three-year Scottish MA Ordinary degree. Initially Charleson studied architecture. However, he spent most of his time acting with the student-run Edinburgh University Drama Society, and decided to pursue acting as a career. He changed his study concentration accordingly, and graduated with a degree in English, fine art, and mathematics. In addition to his acting roles at Edinburgh University, Charleson also directed many plays there, and he designed costumes for several as well.

From 1967 through 1973, Charleson also performed often at the Edinburgh Festival and Edinburgh Festival Fringe, becoming a noted actor in those circles.

Stage career

LAMDA, Young Vic, and Cambridge Theatre Company
After graduating from the University of Edinburgh – where he played leads in dozens of productions, including numerous Shakespeare plays – Charleson won a place in the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), where he studied for two years.

From LAMDA, Charleson was hired by Frank Dunlop's Young Vic Theatre Company.  He made his professional stage debut in 1972 with the Young Vic, as one of the brothers in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1972), which was also televised in the UK that same year by Granada Television. In 1973, he starred as Jimmy Porter in Look Back in Anger, and that year he was also Hamlet and later Guildenstern in the first revival of Tom  Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.  Also as part of the Young Vic company, Charleson was Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing in 1974. He traveled with the company to the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York that same year, to appear as Lucentio in The Taming of the Shrew, Ottavio in Scapino, and Brian Curtis in French Without Tears.

In 1975, he played the title role in Hamlet in a Cambridge Theatre Company touring production. The performance garnered good reviews; nevertheless Charleson felt he had not done the notoriously difficult role complete justice.

West End and National Theatre debuts, Royal Shakespeare Company
Charleson made his West End debut in 1975, in a long-running production of Simon Gray's Otherwise Engaged at the Queen's Theatre. In it he played Dave, a surly Scottish lodger, opposite Alan Bates.

He next appeared at the National Theatre, where he performed Octavius in Julius Caesar  in 1977. That year he also played Peregrine in the classic play Volpone, opposite John Gielgud, and Captain Phoebus in The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Charleson then spent a year in Stratford-upon-Avon with the Royal Shakespeare Company 1978–79. There he performed a hauntingly voiced Ariel in The Tempest; Tranio in The Taming of the Shrew; and Longaville in Love's Labour's Lost opposite Richard Griffiths as the King – all both in Stratford and at the Aldwych Theatre in London. Also with the RSC, he was Lawrence Vail in an acclaimed production of Once in a Lifetime (1979) at the Aldwych Theatre, and he played Pierre in the Jane Lapotaire vehicle Piaf, giving a performance which caught the eye of the filmmakers of Chariots of Fire.

National Theatre spotlight

In the 1980s, Charleson won particular critical and popular acclaim for his starring roles at the National Theatre. He was a glowingly reviewed Sky Masterson in Richard Eyre's enormously successful revival of the musical Guys and Dolls (1982), opposite Julie Covington as Sister Sarah, with Bob Hoskins as Nathan Detroit and Julia McKenzie as Adelaide.

Charleson received an Olivier Award nomination for Actor of the Year in a New Play as Eddie in Sam Shepard's gritty and very physical two-person drama, Fool for Love (1984–85), opposite Julie Walters as his on-again off-again love object. And he was a highly praised Brick, the repressed homosexual protagonist in Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1988), opposite Lindsay Duncan.

Final Hamlet
Shortly before his death, while seriously ill from AIDS, from 9 October to 13 November 1989 Charleson performed his second run of Hamlet, this time at the National Theatre – giving a definitive performance which garnered major accolades. Director Richard Eyre, with some initial misgivings based on Charleson's health, had brought him in to replace Daniel Day-Lewis, who had abandoned the production.

In a lengthy review praising Charleson's performance, John Peter wrote in the Sunday Times:

The day following Charleson's final Hamlet performance, when Ian McKellen was given the Evening Standard Award for Best Actor for his Iago in Othello, McKellen offered thanks, but said having seen "the perfect Hamlet" at the National Theatre the previous night, he thought that not he but Ian Charleson was truly the Best Actor of 1989.

Film and television

Chariots of Fire and Gandhi

In 1979, producer  David Puttnam and director Hugh Hudson had done months of searching for the actor to play the lead of the evangelical Scot Eric Liddell in their upcoming film about the Olympics. They then saw Charleson performing the role of Pierre in Piaf, and knew immediately they had found their man. Unbeknownst to them, Charleson had heard about the film from his father, and desperately wanted to play the part, feeling it would "fit like a kid glove". This mutual affinity led to Charleson's best-known film role and success – as the athlete and missionary Eric Liddell in Chariots of Fire (1981). Charleson prepared for the role by studying the Bible intensively, and he himself wrote Liddell's stirring post-race address to the workingmen's crowd. This film and role made him an international celebrity.

Charleson had a similar success the following year, playing Mahatma Gandhi's closest friend and collaborator, the Anglican priest Charlie Andrews, in Gandhi (1982),  opposite Ben Kingsley. Like Chariots of Fire, the film Gandhi won numerous Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Other film work
After these two major successes in these two Best Picture Oscar–winning films, Charleson's film career did not, however, follow the same progressive arc that his stage career did. Good feature Hollywood scripts did not pour in after Chariots of Fire; nor did Charleson choose to move to Hollywood to capitalize on his success. Also affecting his film career was the fact that he was diagnosed with HIV in 1986, and thereafter lacked enthusiasm to do feature films, although he was not symptomatic until the autumn of 1988. Charleson's drive to pursue a rich stage career focusing on Shakespearean leads, however, remained strong.

Charleson's other feature film roles are: punk-era Angel in his film debut Jubilee (1977) directed by Derek Jarman; Lt. Ryder in the Golden Bear-winning "Irish question" film Ascendancy (1982), which starred Julie Covington; a small role as the abusive drunk Jeffson Brown in Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan (1984); a comedic turn as Gerald Spong in the rather ill-fated Car Trouble (1985), opposite his friend Julie Walters; and opera director Marco in Dario Argento's horror film Opera (1987).

Television: Shakespeare, TV films, and teleplays
Charleson performed in three BBC Television Shakespeare films: as Fortinbras in Hamlet (1980) starring Derek Jacobi; the protagonist Bertram in the acclaimed production of All's Well That Ends Well (1981); and Octavius Caesar in Antony & Cleopatra (1981) opposite his frequent co-star Jane Lapotaire as Cleopatra.

His other notable made-for-television film roles include: the titular Lieutenant Dorfrichter in M. Fagyas's Austro-Hungarian pre-war mystery The Devil's Lieutenant (1983); Rakitin in Turgenev's A Month in the Country (1985) opposite Eleanor Bron; Kyril in the spy thriller Codename: Kyril (1988) opposite Edward Woodward, Richard E. Grant, and Peter Vaughan; and the protagonist Major Brendan Archer in the faithful screen adaptation of J. G. Farrell's Booker Award-winning Troubles (1988), opposite Ian Richardson.

Charleson's notable starring television roles in the 1970s include: Anthony in A Private Matter (1974), his first starring screen role, opposite Rachel Kempson; slick and cruel John Ross preying on Scottish immigrants to the New World in O Canada (1975) in the anthology series Churchill's People; and one of two British soldiers who find military life nearly unbearable in The Paradise Run (1976), directed by Michael Apted.

In the 1980s his notable starring TV roles included: Alexander the Great's close companion Hephaistion in the PBS miniseries The Search for Alexander the Great; serial killer Neville Heath in an episode of the murder-trial reenactment series Ladykillers (1981); naive Scot turned powerful South African magnate Jamie MacGregor in the miniseries Master of the Game (1984); romantic lead Clarence Dandridge in the period miniseries Louisiana (1984) opposite Margot Kidder; and protagonist Victor Geary in the stylish and clever Oxbridge Blues (1984), written by Frederic Raphael, directed by James Cellan Jones, and co-starring Amanda Redman, Rosalyn Landor, and Malcolm Stoddard.

Singing work
Charleson used his tenor singing voice in musicals and other performances. He did notable solo singing work in productions including Much Ado About Nothing (1974), an episode of Rock Follies of '77 (1977), The Tempest (1978–1979), Piaf (1978–1980), Guys and Dolls (1982), A Royal Night of One Hundred Stars (1985), After Aida (1985–1986), Andrew Lloyd Webber's and Tim Rice's Cricket (1986), Sondheim: A Celebration (1988 benefit for Crusaid), and Bent (1989). He also sang classic standards and show tunes, and the songs of Robert Burns, in variety programmes on stage and television.

Three commercial recordings have been issued that include Charleson's singing:
The National Theatre cast album of Guys and Dolls (1982)
Charleson singing Ariel's Songs from The Tempest, issued by the Royal Shakespeare Company; music by Guy Woolfenden
The Original London Cast Album of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (ensemble only)

Charleson also sings a solo ballad on an episode ("The Empire") of the television series Rock Follies of '77.

Death
Charleson, who was gay, was diagnosed with HIV in 1986, and died of AIDS-related causes in January 1990 at the age of 40. He died eight weeks after performing the title role in a run of Hamlet, in Richard Eyre's production at the Olivier Theatre. Fellow actor and friend Sir Ian McKellen said that Charleson played Hamlet so well it was as if he had rehearsed the role all his life.

Charleson requested that it be announced after his death that he had died of AIDS, in order to publicise the condition. This unusual decision by a major internationally known actor – the first show-business death in the United Kingdom openly attributed to complications from AIDS – helped promote awareness of HIV and AIDS and acceptance of AIDS patients.

Charleson's body was laid to rest at Portobello Cemetery in Edinburgh.

Honours and commemoration
For his performance in Chariots of Fire, Charleson won a Variety Club Showbiz Award for Most Promising Artiste in February 1982.

Charleson was nominated for the Olivier Award for Actor of the Year in a New Play, for his starring role as Eddie in Fool for Love in 1984.

In The Sunday Times, John Peter named Charleson the Best Male Actor of 1989 for his Hamlet, along with Ian McKellen for his Iago in Othello.

In Charleson's honour, the annual Ian Charleson Awards were established in 1991, to reward the best classical stage performances in Britain by actors aged under 30.

The Royal Free Hospital's Ian Charleson Day Centre for people with HIV, in London, is named in his memory.

On 8 April 1990, three months after his Edinburgh funeral, a public memorial service was held for Charleson in London. A recording of his singing of "Come Unto These Yellow Sands" from The Tempest was played.

In 1990, following his death, 20 of Charleson's friends, colleagues, and family members, including Ian McKellen, Alan Bates, Hugh Hudson, Richard Eyre, Sean Mathias, Hilton McRae, Ruby Wax, and David Rintoul, contributed to a book of reminiscences about him, called For Ian Charleson: A Tribute, published in October 1990. All royalties from the sale of the book went to the Ian Charleson Trust, a charitable foundation which operated from 1990 to 2007.

Two emotional reunion performances of Guys and Dolls, with almost all of the original 1982 cast and musicians, were given at the National Theatre in November 1990 as a tribute to Charleson. The tickets sold out immediately, and the dress rehearsal was also packed. The proceeds from the performances were donated to the new HIV clinic at the Royal Free Hospital, and to scholarships in Charleson's name at LAMDA.

Hugh Hudson, who had directed Charleson in Chariots of Fire, dedicated his 1999 film My Life So Far  "In loving memory of Ian Charleson". The 2005 videos "Wings on Their Heels: The Making of Chariots of Fire" and "Chariots of Fire: A Reunion" are both also dedicated to his memory.

Filmography

Major theatre credits

See also
List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners

Sources
 Ian McKellen, Alan Bates, Hugh Hudson, et al. For Ian Charleson: A Tribute. London: Constable and Company, 1990.

References

External links

 Bio on Turner Classic Movies
Essay by Alan Bates from For Ian Charleson: A Tribute
Essay by Ian McKellen from For Ian Charleson: A Tribute
Eric Liddell's Chariots of Fire speech written by Ian Charleson himself
Ian Charleson in Britannica online
1994 article by John Peter in the Sunday Times, remembering Charleson's 1989 Hamlet

Category:1949 births
Category:1990 deaths
Category:male actors from Edinburgh
Category:People associated with Edinburgh
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Category:People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Category:Scottish male Shakespearean actors
Category:Scottish male film actors
Category:Scottish male stage actors
Category:Scottish male musical theatre actors
Category:Scottish male television actors
Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members
Category:Edinburgh Festival performers
Category:AIDS-related deaths in England
Category:Gay actors
Category:LGBT entertainers from Scotland
Category:LGBT entertainers from England
Category:Ian Charleson Awards
Category:20th-century Scottish male actors
Category:20th-century Scottish singers


Bristol Prier monoplane

__NOTOC__

The Bristol Prier monoplane was an early British aircraft produced in a number of single- and two-seat versions.

Background
The Bristol Prier Monoplanes were a series of tractor configuration monoplanes designed for the Bristol and Colonial Aeroplane Company by Pierre Prier, the former chief pilot of the Bleriot school at Hendon, who had joined Bristol in July 1911. At this time Bristol lacked a designer, George Challenger and Archibald Low having left the company to work for Vickers's newly established aircraft division.

Design and development
Unsurprisingly, the Bristol Prier monoplanes resembled the successful Blériot XI monoplane, with a fabric-covered wire-braced wood fuselage and parallel-chord wings using wing-warping for lateral control, although differing in details. The all-moving tailplane was an elongated fan-shape, mounted in a mid-position between the upper and lower longerons, and the undercarriage had a pair of wheels on an axle mounted onto a pair of forward-projecting skids. It was powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome rotary engine.
The first aircraft built (works No. 46) had been intended to compete in the Gordon Bennett Trophy race, but it was not ready in time. Two more aircraft, nos. 56 and 57, with a revised engine mounting, were started with the intention of taking place in the Daily Mail Circuit of Britain race.

Work was then started on developing a two-seater version, this being works number 58. By October 1911 it had been thoroughly tested, and the directors of Bristol decided the type was suitable for volume production. Six airframes were started (Nos 71-76), the first of which was carefully prepared, with the aluminium cowling polished, a pigskin-upholstered seat and stowage for binoculars and a thermos flask, for exhibition at the 1911 Paris Aero Salon where it was the only British aircraft on display. At the same time two of the prototype aircraft (Nos. 46 and 57) were adapted to take a  Anzani engine, with the intention of developing a low-powered sports aircraft. It was joined in Paris by No. 74, where it was used to make demonstration flights over Paris during the Aero Salon.

No. 72 was sent to Madrid for demonstration flights piloted by Howard Pixton, and when these were completed Pixton was sent to Germany, where he flew No. 74 at Döberitz to demonstrate its capabilities to the German army.  As a result of this Bristol started a German subsidiary, the Deutsche Bristolwerke Flugzeuggesellschaft m.b.H. (Renamed Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke in 1913), and an associated flying school at Halberstadt, No. 74 being allocated to the school.

The Prier monoplanes were used mostly for training and racing, and some were purchased for military use. Two of the two-seaters were sold and delivered to the Turkish Government. One of the two-seaters was sold to the Bulgarian government and delivered on 16 September 1912. It flew during the Balkan War and once carried Hubert Wilkins who was taking films for a London newspaper.

Variants
P-1: Prototype aircraft. Works nos. 46, 56,57
Single-seat "School". Clement-Bayard or  Isaacson
Two-seat short body. Wingspan 32 ft 9 in. (9.95 m). Powered by  Gnome.  Works nos.68, 81, 95-8, 102
Two-seat long body. Wingspan , length .  Powered by  Gnome.  Works nos. 82, 85-89, 91, 130, 155, 156.
Two-seat side-by-side. Wingspan 34 ft 6 in (10.48 m), length .  Powered by  Gnome.  Works nos. 107-109

Operators

Bulgarian Air Force

Ottoman Air Force

Royal Flying Corps
3 Squadron in 1912

Specifications (P-1)

References

Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:1910s British sport aircraft
Prier monoplane
Category:Mid-wing aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1911
Category:Rotary-engined aircraft