Hesa Awal Kohistan District

Hesa Awal Kohistan District is a new district, created from the bigger Kohistan District in Kapisa Province, Afghanistan. The district center is Kohistan. The population is 60,300 (2006), mostly Tajik.

History
The Kohistani Tajiks were the most powerful and best organized groups that fought against the British occupation of Kabul in 1879 to 1880.

See also
 Kohistan

References

District map of the former Kohestan District now split into Hesa Awal Kohistan District and Hesa Duwum Kohistan District
District Profile

External links
Kohistani.Com - District Photo Gallery
Kohistan Discussion Forum
Kohistan Chat Room
Kohistan Web Site

Category:Districts of Kapisa Province
Category:Districts of Afghanistan


Monmouth Golf Club

Monmouth Golf Club is an 18-hole golf club based just outside Monmouth at Leasbrook Lane, near Dixton.

The course is located on high ground to the east of the town with views of the Welsh hills, the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley. The club claims to be one of the prettiest golf courses in Wales. The club has a short game practice area and a nine-hole practice putting green. Other facilities include a clubhouse, bar and shop

The hole names on the course are:

History
Monmouth Golf Club was formed on 25 June 1896 at a meeting held at the Kings Head Hotel, Monmouth.

The site of the club was initially Priory Farm. This proved unsuitable for golf and the club moved to Vauxhall Fields, taking over the Vauxhall Golf Club and its course. In 1903 the club moved to the Hendre Estate. The club moved again in 1905 to Troy Farm.

Membership in the early years was about 30 to 40 people, which was deemed low. The problem of low membership was attributed to the inability of the course to cope with long grass in the summer months. This was because the landlord of the ground, which was rented out as a golf course, wanted to make hay on the fairways as well as receiving rent for the course. A dispute arose regarding the cutting of the long grass by the members of the club which caused the landowner to complain that the club was exceeding the terms of the covenant. A court case followed, eventually leading to a High Court ruling in 1910 which defined a fairway. The ruling was made in the club's favour. The long grass problem led to the closure of the course in 1912. Several attempts were made to reopen but these were not successful until 1920 when the club was reformed at Dixton on part of the present course.

George Waldron was the club's first professional. In 1921 he laid out a nine-hole course, which opened on 1 October 1921.

In 1992, land was rented to enable a further nine holes. The full eighteen-hole course was opened on 18 July 1992 and the new clubhouse later that year.

Improvements in the drainage of the course and the construction of buggy paths around the course took place in the following years. In 2008 the club purchased the freehold of the previously rented area of the course, making the 18-hole course wholly owned by the members.

Notes

Category:Monmouth, Wales
Category:Golf clubs and courses in Wales
Golf club


FIGLA

Folliculogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix, also known as factor in the germline alpha (FIGalpha) or transcription factor FIGa, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIGLA gene. The FIGLA gene is a germ cell-specific transcription factor preferentially expressed in oocytes that can be found on human chromosome 2p13.3.

Function

This gene encodes a protein that functions in postnatal oocyte-specific gene expression. The protein is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates multiple oocyte-specific genes, including genes involved in folliculogenesis, oocyte differentiation, and those that encode the zona pellucida. FIGLA is related to the zona pellucida genes ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3.

Clinical significance

Mutation in the FIGLA gene are associated with premature ovarian failure. Premature ovarian failure is a genetic disorder that leads to hypergonadotropic ovarian failure and infertility. It is believed that premature ovarian failure in humans is caused by FIGLA haploninsuffciency, which disrupts the formation of the primordial follicles. This was observed in FIGLA mice knockouts which had diminished follicular endowment and accelerated oocyte loss throughout their reproductive life span. Women with mutations in their FIGLA were shown to have a form of premature ovarian failure. As well as the failure to form primordial follicles, knockout mice also lacked zona pellucida genes Zp1, Zp2, and ZP3 expression.

References

Further reading

Category:Transcription factors


Vyacheslav Glazkov

Vyacheslav Valeriyovych Glazkov (, born 15 October 1984) is a retired Ukrainian professional boxer who competed from 2009 to 2016. As an amateur, he won a silver medal at the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships and bronze at the 2008 Summer Olympics, both in the super-heavyweight division. He challenged once for the IBF heavyweight title in 2016.

Amateur
Glazkov won a gold medal at heavyweight in the first 2004 World University Boxing Championship by stopping Elchin Alizade.

He then moved up to super-heavyweight to compete in the 2005 World Amateur Boxing Championships where he outpointed Jaroslav Jaksto 26:20, but ran into the eventual winner Odlanier Solís early and lost 26:11.

At the 2006 Strandya Cup he beat David Price by RSCO (Referee Stopped the Contest-Outclassed), then lost by walkover to Kubrat Pulev.

At the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships, he out-pointed Colombian Oscar Rivas 23:7, stopped Jaroslav Jaksto, and defeated Chinese Zhang Zhilei 21:11 before losing in the semi-finals by 14:24 to the eventual winner, Italian southpaw Roberto Cammarelle.

Olympic results
2008 (as a super heavyweight)
Defeated Robert Alfonso (Cuba) 5:3
Defeated Newfel Ouatah (Algeria) 10:4
Lost to Zhang Zhilei (China) walkover, pulled out of bout with elbow injury.

World Amateur Championship results
2005 (as a super heavyweight)
Defeated Jaroslavas Jaksto (Lithuania) 26:20
Lost to Odlanier Solís (Cuba) 11:26

2007 (as a super heavyweight)
Defeated Razvan Cojanu (Romania) RSCO 2
Defeated Oscar Rivas (Colombia) 23:7
Defeated Jaroslavas Jaksto (Lithuania) RSC 3
Defeated Zhang Zhilei (China) 21 11
Lost to Roberto Cammarelle (Italy) 14:24 (gold medal match)

Professional career

Glazkov made his professional debut on July 2, 2009 in Moscow. Nearly six years later, Glazkov defeated Steve Cunningham by unanimous decision on March 15, 2015 to earn a title fight against Tyson Fury. Following a petition from Glazkov's camp, Fury's recognition as IBF champion was withdrawn, citing his intention to fight a rematch with Wladimir Klitschko as the reason. Glazkov was matched with Charles Martin for the vacant title. The bout, which took place on January 16, 2016 at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, ended when Glazkov suffered an injury to his knee in the third round that rendered him unable to continue.

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|21 wins (13 knockouts), 1 loss (1 knockout), 1 draw
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|-
|Loss
|21-1-1
|align=left| Charles Martin
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|21-0-1
|align=left| Kertson Manswell
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|20-0-1
|align=left| Steve Cunningham
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|19-0-1
|align=left| Darnell Wilson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|18-0-1
|align=left| Derric Rossy
|||
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|17-0-1
|align=left| Tomasz Adamek
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|16-0-1
|align=left| Garrett Wilson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|15-0-1
|align=left| Byron Polley
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|style="background:#abcdef;"|Draw
|14-0-1
|align=left| Malik Scott
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|14-0
|align=left| Tor Hamer
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|13-0
|align=left| Konstantin Airich
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|12-0
|align=left| Gbenga Oloukun
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|11-0
|align=left| Evgeny Orlov
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|10-0
|align=left| Daniil Peretyatko
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|9-0
|align=left| Denis Bakhtov
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|8-0
|align=left| Asker Balash
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|7-0
|align=left| Aziz Rahmonov
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|6-0
|align=left| Mark Brown
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|5-0
|align=left| Ivan Shvayko
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|4-0
|align=left| Ramon Hayes
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|3-0
|align=left| Stas Bilokon
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|2-0
|align=left| Alexey Varakin
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|1-0
|align=left| Özcan Cetinkaya
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|

References

External links

 Twitter

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Super-heavyweight boxers
Category:Olympic boxers of Ukraine
Category:Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Ukraine
Category:Olympic medalists in boxing
Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:People from Luhansk
Category:Ukrainian male boxers
Category:AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists


Irmelin Sandman Lilius

Rut Irmelin Sandman Lilius (born 14 June 1936) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish writer.

Irmelin Sandman was born in Helsinki. Her first book, Trollsång, was published in 1955. She has written picture books and novels for children as well as books for adults and poetry, and she also works as a translator and reviewer. Among her best-known works is the large chronicle about the fictive town of Tulavall on the south coast of Finland, which she has described in different times and from the point of view of different people, in more than a dozen books. She has also written several self-biographical works (some together with her sister Heddi), as well as novels with a heroine based on her daughter.

In 1957, she married the painter and sculptor Carl-Gustaf Lilius, and they were married until his death in 1998. In 2003, the first volume of her biography of her husband was published, with the title Sjutusen år (English: "Seven Thousand Years"); the fourth and final volume was published in 2017.

Her books have been translated into 16 languages. Among the literary awards she has received are the Swedish awards Nils Holgersson Plaque (in 1972) and the Astrid Lindgren Prize (in 1976), and the Finnish award Topeliuspriset (in 1980).

Sandman Lilius was also on the IBBY Honour List for 1974 and 2002.

References

External links

Category:1936 births
Category:Astrid Lindgren Prize winners
Category:Finnish children's writers
Category:Finnish women novelists
Category:Finnish writers in Swedish
Category:Living people
Category:Writers from Helsinki


Shaan Shahid filmography

Shaan Shahid is a Pakistani film actor, director and writer. He made his debut with a 1990 film Bulandi. His works include the 2007 film Khuda Ke Liye and 2013 film Waar which broke previous box office records in Pakistan. The following is a list of the films he has participated in as an actor or director.

As director

References

External links

Shahid, Shaan


Elizabeth T. Uldall

Elizabeth "Betsy" Theodora Uldall (; née Anderson; 30 November 1913 – 23 June 2004) was an American linguist and phonetician, who taught at the University of Edinburgh. Born in Kearney, Nebraska, she studied at Barnard College, New York and later went to London to study phonetics with Daniel Jones. Here she met Danish linguist Hans Jørgen Uldall, another student of Jones, and the two married. During World War II the couple worked for the British Council in locations such as Athens, Baghdad, Cairo and Alexandria. She joined the faculty of the University of Edinburgh in 1949. There she produced some of the earliest video recordings of the vibrating vocal folds, using herself as a subject. She also worked on the intonation and rhythm of African languages.

References

Category:1913 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:Linguists from the United States
Category:Phoneticians


KF Rrufeja

KF Rrufeja Miletinë (, FK Rufeja Miletino) is a football club based in the village of Miletinë, Brvenica Municipality, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the OFS Tetovo league.

History
The club was founded in 1993.

References

External links
Club news
Club info at MacedonianFootball
Football Federation of Macedonia

Category:Football clubs in North Macedonia
Category:Association football clubs established in 1993
Category:1993 establishments in the Republic of Macedonia
FK
Rufeja


Linton McGee Collins

Linton McGee Collins (June 21, 1902 – April 12, 1972) was a Judge of the United States Court of Claims.

Education and career

Born on June 21, 1902, in Reidsville, Georgia, Collins received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1921 from Mercer University and a Master of Arts in 1922 from the same institution. He was a teacher at Lanier High School (now Central High School) in Macon, Georgia from 1922 to 1924, and a teacher at Columbia High School in Columbia, South Carolina from 1924 to 1925. He entered private practice in Tampa, Florida from 1925 to 1926 and practiced in Miami, Florida from 1926 to 1933. He was a Professor at the University of Miami from 1930 to 1932. He was the Personnel Director and Division Administrator of the National Recovery Administration from 1933 to 1935. He served with the United States Department of Justice from 1935 to 1944, serving as first assistant to the Deputy Attorney General in 1935, and as special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States from 1935 to 1944. He returned to private practice in Washington, D.C. from 1944 to 1964.

Federal judicial service

Collins was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 8, 1964, to a seat on the United States Court of Claims vacated by Judge Samuel Estill Whitaker. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 17, 1964, and received his commission on September 18, 1964. His service terminated on April 12, 1972, due to his death in Washington, D.C.

References

Sources
Federal Judicial Center entry on Linton McGee Collins

Category:Judges of the United States Court of Claims
Category:People from Reidsville, Georgia
Category:Mercer University alumni
Category:University of Miami faculty
Category:1902 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:United States federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson
Category:20th-century American judges


Graham Spry

Graham Spry, CC (February 20, 1900 - November 24, 1983) was a Canadian broadcasting pioneer, business executive, diplomat and socialist. He was the husband of Irene Spry and father of Robin Spry, Richard Spry and Lib Spry.

Life
He was born in St. Thomas, Ontario. While a student at the University of Manitoba, he became an editorial writer at the Manitoba Free Press, where he was mentored by editor and Canadian nationalist John W. Dafoe. He also edited the student newspaper, the Manitoban. He then studied history at Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. Upon his return to Canada, he became Secretary of the Canadian Clubs, and organized a nationwide broadcast to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of Canadian Confederation. The accomplishment, achieved despite the lack of a national radio network, convinced Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King to appoint the Aird Commission on Radio Broadcasting, a royal commission which recommended the creation of a national broadcaster.

Following the defeat of King's government Spry and Alan Plaunt formed the Canadian Radio League to rally support behind the Aird Commission's recommendation, arguing that it amounted to a choice between two alternatives, "the State or the United States". The League mobilized public opinion in both English- and French-speaking regions of Canada, and convinced the Conservative government of R.B. Bennett to form the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission, which later became the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

A socialist, Spry cofounded the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR), contributed to the writing of the Regina Manifesto, and purchased both the Farmer's Sun (publication of the United Farmers of Ontario), renamed the New Commonwealth, and the Canadian Forum to propagate the LSR's views. He served as vice president of the Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) from 1934 to 1936. He was the first national Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidate in Ontario, running  in the 24 September 1934 by-election in Toronto East. He ran again for the National CCF in the 1935 general election, this time in the newly created Broadview electoral district. He lost on both occasions to Conservative Tommy Church.

During the Spanish Civil War Spry helped organize the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion that fought on the Republican side.

In 1938, Spry married Irene Mary Biss. Unable to find work in Canada because of his socialist convictions, however, Spry accepted a job offer from an old Oxford friend and served as a British-based executive for Standard Oil from 1940 to 1946, managing subsidiaries operating in the Middle East and elsewhere. From 1942 to 1945, he also served as personal assistant to Sir Stafford Cripps, a Labour minister in the wartime British cabinet, and travelled with Cripps to India. After the war, Spry was named agent-general of Tommy Douglas's CCF government in London representing the province of Saskatchewan from 1946 to 1968 in Britain, including responsibility for Europe and the Middle East.

Spry played a crucial role during the 1962 Saskatchewan doctors' strike against Medicare by recruiting British doctors to move to the province. In 1968 he reactivated his involvement with broadcasting, founding the Canadian Broadcasting League over which he presided until 1973. In 1970, Spry reputedly turned down Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's offer of a Senate seat. That same year, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.  Graham Spry died in Ottawa on November 24, 1983.

Building
A federal government building dedicated in the name of Graham Spry is located at 250 Lanark Avenue, Ottawa. Formerly the home of a CBC broadcast centre, it now houses several directorates of Health Canada.

References

Sources
Babe, Robert. (2000) "Graham Spry" in Canadian Communications Thought: Ten Foundational Writers. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. .
McChesney, Robert W. (1999) "Graham Spry and the Future of Canadian Broadcasting", Canadian Journal of Communication 24(1).

External links
 1961 interview with Spry recounting the activities of the Canadian Radio League in establishing public broadcasting
 Graham Spry Fund for Public Broadcasting
 Graham Spry Theatre (CBC Broadcasting Museum)

Category:1900 births
Category:1983 deaths
Category:Presidents of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Category:Businesspeople from Ontario
Category:Canadian diplomats
Category:Canadian socialists
Category:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidates in the 1935 Canadian federal election
Category:Companions of the Order of Canada
Category:People from St. Thomas, Ontario


Target peptide

A target  peptide is a short (3-70 amino acids long) peptide chain that directs the transport of a protein to a specific region in the cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), chloroplast, apoplast, peroxisome and plasma membrane.  Some target peptides are cleaved from the protein by signal peptidases after the proteins are transported.

Types by protein destination

Secretion

Almost all proteins that are destined to the secretory pathway have a sequence consisting of 5-30 hydrophobic amino acids on the N-terminus, which is commonly referred to as the signal peptide, signal sequence or leader peptide. Signal peptides form alpha-helical structures. Proteins that contain such signals are destined for either extra-cellular secretion, the plasma membrane, the lumen or membrane of either the (ER), Golgi or endosomes. Certain membrane-bound proteins are targeted to the secretory pathway by their first transmembrane domain, which resembles a typical signal peptide.

In prokaryotes, signal peptides direct the newly synthesized protein to the SecYEG protein-conducting channel, which is present in the plasma membrane. A homologous system exists in eukaryotes, where the signal peptide directs the newly synthesized protein to the Sec61 channel, which shares structural and sequence homology with SecYEG, but is present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Both the SecYEG and Sec61 channels are commonly referred to as the translocon, and transit through this channel is known as translocation. While secreted proteins are threaded through the channel, transmembrane domains may diffuse across a lateral gate in the translocon to partition into the surrounding membrane.

ER-Retention Signal
In eukaryotes, most of the newly synthesized secretory proteins are transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. If these proteins have a particular 4-amino-acid retention sequence for the ER's lumen, KDEL, on their C-terminus, they are retained in the ER's lumen or are routed back to the ER's lumen (in instances where they escape) via interaction with the KDEL receptor in the Golgi apparatus. If the signal is KKXX, the retention mechanism to the ER will be similar but the protein will be transmembranal.

Nucleus

A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is a target peptide that directs proteins to the nucleus and is often a unit consisting of five basic, positively charged amino acids. The NLS normally is located anywhere on the peptide chain.

A nuclear export signal (NES) is a target peptide that directs proteins from the nucleus back to the cytosol. It often consists of several hydrophobic amino acids (often leucine) interspaced by 2-3 other amino acids.

Many proteins are known to constantly shuttle between the cytosol and nucleus and these contain both NESs and NLSs.

Nucleolus
The nucleolus within the nucleus can be targeted with a sequence called a nucleolar localization signal (abbreviated NoLS or NOS).

Mitochondria and plastid
The mitochondrial targeting signal is a 10-70 amino acid long peptide that directs a newly synthesized protein to the mitochondria. It is found at the N-terminus end consists of an alternating pattern of hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids to form what is called an amphipathic helix. Mitochondrial targeting signals can contain additional signals that subsequently target the protein to different regions of the mitochondria, such as the mitochondrial matrix. In plants, an N-terminal signal targets the plastid in a similar manner.

Like signal peptides, mitochondrial targeting signals are cleaved once targeting is complete. Some plant proteins have an N-terminal that targets both organelles.

Peroxisome
There are two types of target peptides directing to peroxisome, which are called peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). One is PTS1, which is made of three amino acids on the C-terminus. The other is PTS2, which is made of a 9-amino-acid sequence often present on the N-terminus of the protein.

Examples of target peptides
The following content uses protein primary structure single-letter location. A "[n]" prefix indicates the N-terminus and a "[c]" suffix indicates the C-terminus; sequences lacking either are found in the middle of the protein.

See also
 Protein targeting
 Signal peptide

References

External links

 SPdb (Signal Peptide DataBase)
 Prediction methods:
 SignalP — predicts the presence and location of signal peptide cleavage sites in amino acid sequences from all domains of organisms.
 PHOBIUS - combined transmembrane topology and signal peptide predictor

Category:Gene expression
Category:Protein targeting


Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy

Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy refers to an area covering the westernmost part of the city of Paris and a neighbouring suburban community.  This area is commonly known as one of the richest in Paris, with calm, select and very expensive neighbourhoods. Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy is sometimes abbreviated as NAP.  Auteuil (pronounced ) and Passy are part of the 16th arrondissement of Paris, while Neuilly-sur-Seine is a suburb located immediately to their west. The three communities border the vast Bois de Boulogne park.

The borough of Auteuil, once home to Victor Hugo and Molière and the birthplace of Marcel Proust, was incorporated into the city of Paris in 1859–60 by the Law of 16 June 1859. A hamlet built between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, it became a fashionable country retreat for French elites during the reign of Louis XV. Auteuil is home to the well known prépa PTSI-PT* Jean-Baptiste-Say which prepares many pupils for the École Polytechnique.

In 1991, the satiric group Les Inconnus made a song called "Auteuil, Neuilly, Passy (rap BCBG)".

It was here that the fictional character the Count of Monte Cristo from the book of the same name by Alexandre Dumas bought his country residence.

See also
Paris Ouest
 Auteuil Hippodrome

Category:16th arrondissement of Paris


Daniel Jensen (footballer, born 1985)

Daniel Jensen (born 8 May 1985) is a former Danish professional football defender.

External links
Career statistics at Danmarks Radio

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Danish footballers
Category:FC Nordsjælland players
Category:FC Fredericia players
Category:Danish Superliga players
Category:People from Hillerød Municipality
Category:Association football defenders


United Nations Security Council Resolution 1619

United Nations Security Council resolution 1619, adopted unanimously on 11 August 2005, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly resolutions 1500 (2003), 1546 (2004) and 1557 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) for a further period of twelve months.

The Security Council reaffirmed the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq, and the role of the United Nations in the country. It stressed that UNAMI should assist with national dialogue, which was "crucial for Iraq's political stability and unity".  Extending UNAMI's mandate for an additional twelve months, the Council declared its intention to review its mandate if requested to do so by the Iraqi government.

See also
 Iraq War
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 to 1700 (2005–2006)

References

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1619
Category:2005 in Iraq
 1619
Category:August 2005 events


Döğmeci, Nallıhan

Döğmeci, Nallıhan is a village in the District of Nallıhan, Ankara Province, Turkey.

References

Category:Populated places in Ankara Province
Category:Nallıhan
Category:Villages in Turkey


2014 Toulon Tournament

The 2014 Toulon Tournament was the 42nd edition of the Toulon Tournament. The competition took place between 21 May and 1 June 2014 mostly in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of South Eastern France. Brazil successfully defended their title, beating France 5–2 in the final.

Participants

 (hosts)

Squads

Venues

Results

In February 2014, the Football Association announced that the group draw had been made. The group stage takes place between May 21, 2014 and May 29, 2014.  Matches were played in 40-minute halves, rather than the usual 45.

Group A

Group B

Third place play-off

Final

Goalscorers
4 goals
 Jean-Christophe Bahebeck

3 goals

 Ademilson
 Luan
 Hélder Costa
 Ricardo Horta

2 goals

 Alisson
 Rodrigo Caio
 Thalles
 Christian Bravo
 Sebastián Martínez
 Joao Rodríguez
 Hadi Sacko
 Cauley Woodrow

1 goal

 Leandro
 Lucas Piazon
 Lucas Silva
 Marquinhos
 Mosquito
 Wallace
 Nicolás Castillo
 Juan Delgado
 Guo Yi
 Li Yuanyi
 Wang Xinhui
 Xie Pengfei
 Yang Chaosheng
 Rafael Borré
 Jordan Cousins
 Jake Forster-Caskey
 Jordan Obita
 James Ward-Prowse
 Sébastien Haller
 Adrien Hunou
 Jordan Ikoko
 Mouhamadou-Naby Sarr
 Daniel Hernández
 Hedgardo Marín
 Carlos Treviño
 Bruno Fernandes
 Rúben Semedo
 Leandro Silva
 Rúben Vezo
 João Teixeira
 Ahmed Al Saadi
 Ahmed Doozandeh
 Lee Chang-min
 Moon Chang-jin
 Shin Il-soo

References

External links
Toulon Tournament

2014

Category:2013–14 in French football
Category:2014 in youth association football


NGC 346

NGC 346 is an open cluster with associated nebula located in the Small Magellanic Cloud that appears in the constellation Tucana.  It contains HD 5980, the brightest star in the SMC.

References

External links

 ESA
 Hubble Heritage site Hubble picture and information on NGC 346
 ESO Beautiful Image of a Cosmic Sculpture

Category:Tucana (constellation)
Category:Small Magellanic Cloud
Category:Open clusters
Category:H II regions
0346
18260801
Category:Star-forming regions


Phulparasi

Phulparasi  is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2355 people living in 440 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Category:Populated places in Sarlahi District


Teixidor

Teixidor or Texidor is a Catalan occupational surname that means "weaver". Notable people with this surname include:

 Emili Teixidor (1932–2012), Spanish writer
 Enric Saborit Teixidor (b. 1992), Spanish footballer
 Jaime Teixidor (1884–1957), Spanish musician
 Joe Texidor (1941–2007), Puerto Rican jazz percussionist
 José María Doussinague y Teixidor (1894–1967), Spanish diplomat
 Josefa Texidor Torres (1865–1914), Spanish painter
 Montserrat Teixidor i Bigas, mathematician
 Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor (1747–1802), Spanish soldier

See also
 Teixidó
 Texidor's twinge

Category:Catalan-language surnames


Dolni Vurpishta

Dolni Vurpishta is a village in Dryanovo Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria.

References

Category:Villages in Gabrovo Province


Calonotos aequimaculatus

Calonotos aequimaculatus is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Zerny in 1931. It is found in Brazil.

References

Category:Arctiinae


Cwenburh

Cwenburh of Wimborne was an 8th-century Anglo-Saxon saint, a sister of King Ine of Wessex and of Saint Cuthburh. Her sister Cuthburh was married to King Aldfrith of Northumbria and then became the first abbess of Wimborne monastery.

Very little information survives about Cwenburh.  She is known primarily from a mention in a single annal of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

718. In this year Ingild Ine's brother died, and their sisters were Cwenburh and Cuthburh.  And Cuthburh raised the monastery at Wimborne; and she was given to Aldfrith, king of the Northumbrians; but they separated during his life.

She is also included in the genealogical preface to the Chronicle in one copy, as part of a pedigree for the 9th-century King Æthelwulf of Wessex, the father of King Alfred.

... Eoppa [the son] of Ingild, and Ingild of Cenred, and Ine of Cenred, and Cuthburh of Cenred, and Cwenburh of Cenred, and Cenred of Ceolwald ...
It is possible that Cwenburh succeeded Cuthburh as abbess there after her sister's death.
Cuthburh is later mentioned again in a list entitled On the Resting-Places of the Saints, found in two 11th century manuscripts

resteth Saint Cuthburh at Wimborne Minster, that first established the life and customs that are still kept in the monastery.

In one version of the list the words "and Cwenburh" appear after Cuthburh.  According to Felix Liebermann who made an edition of the text in the 19th century this appears to be a later addition, and the subsequent clause remains grammatically singular, referring only to Saint Cuthburh.

The Abbess Tetta is sometimes viewed as a familiar name for Cwenburh, or alternatively as a third sister.

References

External links

Category:7th-century births
Category:710s deaths
Category:8th-century Christian saints
Category:7th-century English people
Category:8th-century English people
Category:West Saxon saints
Category:Mercian saints
Category:Anglo-Saxon abbesses
Category:Anglo-Saxon nuns
Category:Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Category:Burials at Wimborne Minster (church)
Category:Christian female saints of the Middle Ages


Gordon Smith (screenwriter)

Gordon Smith is an American television screenwriter, best known for his work on Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul. Smith has been nominated for two individual Primetime Emmys, and won the Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Episodic Drama in 2018 for the episode "Chicanery", and has received several other nominations.

Career
Smith started as an office production assistant for season 3 of Breaking Bad, then became Vince Gilligan's assistant in season 4, and the writers assistant in season 5. Smith co-wrote the Breaking Bad mini-featurette titled Chicks 'N' Guns which was released on the fifth season Blu-ray.

Smith was then hired as a staff writer for the Breaking Bad spinoff Better Call Saul. His first television script, for the episode "Five-O" (from season 1) earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series. He also wrote episode 8 from the first season, titled "RICO". For the second season of Better Call Saul, Smith was promoted to story editor and wrote two episodes, "Gloves Off" and "Inflatable". In the third season, he was promoted to a producer, and wrote another two episodes, "Chicanery" and "Fall". The episode "Chicanery" earned Smith his second Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series.

In April 2017, Smith signed with Sony Pictures Television, where he served as a consulting producer for the WGN America television series Outsiders and was confirmed to return to Better Call Saul for its fourth season. For season 4, Smith was promoted to supervising producer and wrote two episodes, "Something Beautiful" and "Coushatta".

Accolades

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:American screenwriters
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Atrypanius conspersus

Atrypanius conspersus is a species of longhorn beetle of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824 and is known from Mexico to Panama, as well as southern Amer and Bolivia. It also inhabits woodlands of Upper Amazons and capital of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.

References

Category:Beetles described in 1824
Category:Beetles of South America
Category:Arthropods of Colombia
Category:Acanthocinini


Katherine Woodville (actress)

Katherine Woodville (born Catherine Woodville; 4 December 19385 June 2013) was an English film and television actress. She changed her professional name to Kate Woodville in 1967 upon moving to the USA, where she would eventually become a life member of the Actors Studio.

Career
Among her many film and television appearances, she was known for her appearances in Z-Cars, The Avengers, Danger Man, Mission: Impossible, It Takes a Thief, Mannix, The Rockford Files, Days of Our Lives and Eight Is Enough. In the original Star Trek series, she played Natira in the episode "For the World Is Hollow and I Have Touched the Sky" (1968). She guest-starred as Nedra in Season 2 Episode 12 of Kung Fu (1974), entitled "The Gunman". She appeared in two episodes of the TV series The Saint, and in an episode of Gibbsville in 1976.

Personal life
Woodville was married three times: first to Avengers star Patrick Macnee 1965-69, and then to Jerrold Freedman, an American film and television director and novelist.

Her third marriage was to actor Edward Albert (son of Eddie Albert) from 1978 until his death in 2006. They had one child, a daughter, songwriter Thaïs "Tai" Carmen Albert.

Death
Woodville retired from acting in 1979. She died of cancer on 5 June 2013 at the age of 74. Her ashes were sprinkled off Malibu, California at Point Dume. She was survived by her daughter Thaïs.

Filmography

References

External links
 at the Internet Movie Database

Katherine Woodville at Memory Alpha, a Star Trek wiki
Katherine Woodville at TV.com

Category:1938 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:English film actresses
Category:English television actresses
Category:20th-century English actresses
Category:Actresses from London
Category:Actresses from Portland, Oregon
Category:English emigrants to the United States
Category:Deaths from cancer in Oregon


Aberdeen Act

The Aberdeen Act of 1845 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (citation 8 & 9 Vict c. 122) passed during the reign Queen Victoria on August 9. The long title of the Act is "An Act to amend an Act, intituled An Act to carry into execution a Convention between His Majesty and the Emperor of Brazil, for the Regulation and final Abolition of the African Slave Trade". The Act was proposed by British Foreign Secretary Lord Aberdeen.

The Act gave the Royal Navy authority to stop and search any Brazilian ship suspected of being a slave ship on the high seas, and to arrest slave traders caught on these ships. The Act stipulated that arrested slave traders could be tried in British courts. The law was designed to suppress the Brazilian slave trade, to make effective Brazilian laws and international treaties to end the Atlantic slave trade, that Brazil had signed since the 1820s, but never enforced.

The Act provoked outrage in Brazil, where it was seen as a violation of free market, freedom of navigation, as an affront Brazilian sovereignty and territorial integrity, and as an attempt to check Brazil's rise as a world power.

As a result, the Royal Navy began intercepting Brazilian slavers on the high seas, and Brazilian slave traders caught on these ships were prosecuted in British admiralty courts. Over the following years, the number of cases in British admiralty courts increased dramatically due to the large number of Brazilians arrested for slave-trading - in the first six months of 1848, 19 out of 33 cases heard by the vice admiralty court in St. Helena were Brazilian.

Despite the aggressive application of this law, the volume of the Brazilian slave trade increased in the late 1840s; the demand for slaves had increased due to British free-trade legislation that lifted tariffs on Brazilian sugar. However, Anglo-Brazilian tensions continued to increase. In 1850-51, a handful of British ships began entering Brazilian territorial waters and even its harbors to attack slave ships. In one instance, a British ship exchanged fire with a Brazilian fort.

In the face of these tensions, Brazil knew that it could not afford to go to war with Britain. In addition, popular sentiment against the slave trade in Brazil was growing. The Brazilian government decided to put an end to the slave trade. In September 1850, new legislation outlawing the slave trade was enacted, and the Brazilian government began to enforce it. As a result, the Brazilian slave trade declined, and despite some illegal slavers that continued to operate, the trade came to an end in the mid-1850s, although slavery itself was not abolished in Brazil until 1888.

See also
Pax Britannica
Slave Trade Act

References

Further reading
 Bethell, Leslie. The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade: Britain, Brazil and the Slave Trade. Cambridge University Press, 1970. Chapters 9 to 12.

External links
 Text of Act

Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1845
Category:1845 in law
Category:Slave trade legislation


No. 37 Squadron RAF Regiment

No. 37 Squadron RAF Regiment was a Ground Based Aircraft Defence (GBAD) squadron of the Royal Air Force Regiment. The squadron operated mostly outside the United Kingdom since its formation in 1951 until 2006 when it was disbanded. It started out as a field squadron before becoming involved in the GBAD programme, where it operated the Rapier missile system.

History
No. 37 Squadron RAF Regiment was formed at RAF Yatesbury in 1951. In the early 1960s, No. 37 Squadron was deployed to RAF Khormaksar to help in combatting the terrorist forces at work in Aden at that time. Whilst deployed in the Middle-East in 1963, three former British colonies in East Africa were the subject of mutinies by their respective armed forces. 37 squadron was deployed to Tanzania to secure an airhead there, whilst the Royal Marines were sent to quell the mutinies.

In 1976, the squadron deployed with Rapiers to RAF Bruggen in Germany alongside 16, 26 and 63 Squadrons (at Wildenrath, Laarbruch and Gütersloh respectively). With the end of the Cold War, the decision was taken to withdraw most of the RAF Units and Squadrons from Germany with 37 Squadron being one of the last to transfer to from Bruggen to RAF Wittering in October 2001.

In 1998, the squadron numbered around 100 personnel. In July 2005, it was announced in Parliament that No. 37 Squadron would be disbanded along with three other RAF Regiment GBAD squadrons (15, 16 and 26) in favour of the GBAD responsibility being handed over to the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Of the four squadrons, No. 37 was the first to be disbanded in March 2006, with its final home being RAF Wittering in Cambridgeshire.

No. 37 Squadron's Standard was awarded to them by Air Marshal Peter Terry in 1980.

Locations
Abu Sueir
Nicosia
Akrotiri
Upwood
Khormaksar
Aldergrove/Ballykelly/Bishops Court in roulement with other RAF Regiment squadrons and Royal Marine Commandoes
Catterick
Bruggen
Wittering

Notable personnel
Air Vice-Marshal David Hawkins, officer commanding 1971 to 1974

References

Sources

External links

Category:Royal Air Force Regiment squadrons
Category:Military units and formations established in 1951
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2006


Joel Bloom

Joel Bloom is the President of New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT).

Bloom did his undergraduate studies at Hunter College in New York City where he also earned a master's degree. He then went on to earn both a master's degree and a doctorate from Columbia University's Teacher College. Bloom held various positions in the New York Public school system. Between 1984 and 1990 he was an assistant commissioner in the New Jersey Department of Education. He then joined NJIT. He was appointed president in January 2012 after serving as interim president when the former president, Robert Altenkirch, moved to the University of Alabama in 2011. His five-year contract with NJIT is reported to worth roughly $5.3 million taking top spot among New Jersey college presidents. Joel Bloom is the first NJIT President without tenured faculty position at the University. It is a requirement for the position according to NJIT Faculty Handbook.

References

External links
Office of the President

Category:Hunter College alumni
Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Category:New Jersey Institute of Technology faculty


Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)

The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye () was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the Republic of German-Austria on the other. Like the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary and the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, it contained the Covenant of the League of Nations and as a result was not ratified by the United States but was followed by the US–Austrian Peace Treaty of 1921.

The treaty signing ceremony took place at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

Background
As a preamble, on 21 October 1918, 208 German-speaking delegates of the Austrian Imperial Council had convened in a "provisional national assembly of German-Austria" at the Lower Austrian Landtag. While the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Army culminated at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the Social Democrat Karl Renner was elected German-Austrian State Chancellor on 30 October. In the course of the Aster Revolution on 31 October, the newly established Hungarian People's Republic under Minister President Mihály Károlyi declared the real union with Austria terminated.

With the Armistice of Villa Giusti on 3 November 1918, the fate of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was sealed. On 11 November 1918 Emperor Charles I of Austria officially declared to "relinquish every participation in the administration", one day later the provisional assembly declared German-Austria a democratic republic and part of the German Republic. However, on the territory of the Cisleithanian ("Austrian") half of the former empire, the newly established states of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Yugoslav Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (the "successor states") had been proclaimed. Moreover, South Tyrol and Trentino were occupied by Italian forces and Yugoslav troops entered the former Duchy of Carinthia, leading to violent fights.

An Austrian Constitutional Assembly election was held on 16 February 1919. The Assembly re-elected Karl Renner state chancellor and enacted the Habsburg Law concerning the banishment of the House of Lorraine. When Chancellor Renner arrived at Saint-Germain in May 1919, he and the Austrian delegation found themselves excluded from the negotiations led by French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau. Upon an Allied ultimatum, Renner signed the treaty on 10 September. The Treaty of Trianon in June 1920 between Hungary and the Allies completed the disposition of the former Dual Monarchy.

Provisions
The treaty declared that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was to be dissolved. According to article 177 Austria, along with the other Central Powers, accepted responsibility for starting the war. The new Republic of Austria, consisting of most of the German-speaking Danubian and Alpine provinces in former Cisleithania, recognized the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The treaty included 'war reparations' of large sums of money, directed towards the Allies (however the exact amount have never been defined and collected from Austria).

Territory
Cisleithanian Austria had to face significant territorial losses, amounting to over 60 percent of the prewar Austrian Empire's territory:

The Lands of the Bohemian Crown, i.e. the Bohemia and Moravia crownlands (including small adjacent Lower Austrian territories around Feldsberg and Gmünd) formed the core of the newly created state of Czechoslovakia. The Austrian Silesia province upon the Polish–Czechoslovak War of January 1919 was split between Czech Silesia and Polish Cieszyn Silesia incorporated into Silesian Voivodeship. These cessions concerned a large German-speaking population in German Bohemia and Sudetenland.
The former Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, made up of the territory the Habsburg Monarchy had annexed in the 1772 First Partition of Poland, fell back to the re-established Polish Republic.
The adjacent Bukovina in the east passed to the Kingdom of Romania.
The southern half of the former Tyrolean crownland up to the Brenner Pass, including predominantly German-speaking South Tyrol and the present-day Trentino province, together with the Carinthian Canal Valley around Tarvisio fell to Italy, as well as the Austrian Littoral (Gorizia and Gradisca, the Imperial Free City of Trieste, and Istria as recognized by the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920).
The main part of the former Kingdom of Dalmatia, the Duchy of Carniola and Lower Styria with the Carinthian Mieß (Meža) Valley and Gemeinde Seeland (Jezersko) was ceded to the Yugoslav Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, contrary to what was stipulated by the 1915 London Pact. Also Bosnia and Herzegovina was given to it. The affiliation of the Southern Carinthian territory with its Slovene-speaking share of population was to be decided in a Carinthian Plebiscite.
Austria-Hungary's only overseas possession, its concession in Tianjin, was turned over to China.
The predominantly German- and Croatian-speaking western parts of the Hungarian counties of Moson, Sopron and Vas were awarded to Austria. The Uprising in West Hungary led to a plebiscite which resulted in the transition of Sopron and its surrounding 8 villages back to Hungary. Subsequently, other villages were returned or exchanged between Austria and Hungary up to 1923. In the end, the territories finally gained from Hungary were organised as a state of Austria named Burgenland.

The Allies had explicitly committed themselves to the cause of the minority peoples of Austria-Hungary late in the war. Reflecting this, the Allies not only allowed the minority peoples to help create new states (Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia), recreate former states (Poland), or join their ethnic brethren in existing nation-states (Romania, Italy), but allowed the successor states to absorb significant blocks of German-speaking territory. In addition the negotiators on the Allied side, particularly Wilson, did not understand when speaking of self-determination that no convenient line could be drawn to separate intermingled nationalities, and that in further cases, irredentists would claim that some German or Hungarian-speaking territories had actually been theirs. This was as well rendered by the fact just only a few cases were plebiscites allowed regarding the disputed territories.

Politics and military
Unlike its former Hungarian partner, Austria had never been a nation in the true sense of the word.  While the Austrian state had existed in one form or another for over 700 years, it had no unifying force other than loyalty to the Habsburgs. As the Austrian national identity did not exist and develop prior to 1945, people had German national conscience. Article 88 of the treaty required Austria to refrain from directly or indirectly compromising its independence, which meant that Austria could not enter into political or economic union with the German Reich without the agreement of the council of the League of Nations. Accordingly, the new republic's initial self-chosen name of German-Austria () had to be changed to Austria. Many Austrians would come to find this term harsh (especially among the Austrian Germans being a vast majority who would support a single German nation state), due to Austria's later economic weakness, which was caused by loss of land. Because of all these reasons, Austria would later lead to support for the idea of Anschluss (political union) with Nazi Germany.

Conscription was abolished and the Austrian Army was limited to a force of 30,000 volunteers. There were numerous provisions dealing with Danubian navigation, the transfer of railways, and other details involved in the breakup of a great empire into several small independent states.

The vast reduction of population, territory and resources of the new Austria relative to the old empire wreaked havoc on the economy of the old nation, most notably in Vienna, an imperial capital now without an empire to support it.  For a time, the country's very unity was called into question.

See also

 Aftermath of World War I
 Minority Treaties
 Paris Peace Conference, 1919
 Treaty of Trianon
 US–Austrian Peace Treaty (1921)

Notes

External links

 Animated map of Europe at the end of the First World War
Text of the Treaty, from the website of the Australasian Legal Information Institute, hosted by UNSW and UTS
 Map of Europe and the Treaty of St. Germain at omniatlas.com

Category:Aftermath of World War I in Austria
Category:Partition (politics)
Category:Peace treaties of Austria
Category:Treaties of the Republic of German-Austria
Category:World War I treaties
Category:Treaties concluded in 1919
Category:History of Austria-Hungary
Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
Category:Treaties of the French Third Republic
Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Category:Treaties of the United States
Category:Treaties of the Empire of Japan
Category:Treaties of Belgium
Category:Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–49)
Category:Treaties of Cuba
Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
Category:Treaties of Nicaragua
Category:Treaties of Panama
Category:Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
Category:Treaties of the Portuguese First Republic
Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Category:Treaties of Thailand
Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Category:Greater Romania
Category:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
Category:September 1919 events
Category:1919 in France
Category:Austria–Czechoslovakia relations


Mathias Brugman

Mathias Brugman (birth name: Mathias Brugman Duliebre) (January 3, 1811 – September 30, 1868), a.k.a. Mathias Bruckman, was a leader in Puerto Rico's independence revolution against Spain known as El Grito de Lares (English: The Cry of Lares).

Early years
Brugman's father was Pierre Brugman from Curaçao of Dutch–Jewish Sephardic ancestry and his mother, Isabel Duliebre from Puerto Rico. They met and married in New Orleans, Louisiana where Brugman was born, raised and educated.

The Brugman family moved to Puerto Rico and settled in the City of Mayagüez where Mathias met and married Ana Maria Laborde. He opened a colmado (grocery store) and became rather successful, only to lose a good part of his fortune attempting to grow coffee. Like many other residents of Puerto Rico at the time, he resented the political injustices practiced by Spain on the island. This led him to become a believer in the cause of the Puerto Rican independence movement.

Independence advocate
Brugman admired independence advocates Ramón Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis. It was this admiration which inspired him to become an outspoken advocate for Puerto Rico's independence.

In his Colmado, people would normally gather on a daily basis to discuss politics. Brugman eventually befriended Manuel Rojas and his brother Miguel and together with his son, Hector joined them in a conspiracy to revolt against Spain. Together, with a group of other patriots, they formed revolutionary committees. These committees were mainly based on the west coast towns of Puerto Rico. The first revolutionary committee formed was Mathias Brugman's in Mayagüez. He used his Colmado as his headquarters and his cell was code named: "Capa Prieta" (Black Cape). Manuel Rojas committee in Lares was code named "Centro Bravo" (Bravo Center).

El Grito de Lares
On September 23, 1868, the revolution began and the town of Lares was taken in what was to be known as El "Grito de Lares" (English: Cry of Lares). The revolutionists declared Puerto Rico to be the free "Republic of Puerto Rico".  However, the Spanish were already forewarned and soon defeated the small Army of liberators.

Mathias Brugman, his son Hector and Baldomero Baurer (a fellow revolutionist) went into hiding. Many of the others were either killed or imprisoned, including Manuel Rojas and Mariana Bracetti. On September 30, 1868, a farm worker, Francisco Quiñones, who worked in the Asunción Plantation, betrayed Brugman, his son and Baurer and led the Spanish authorities to where they were hiding. The men refused to surrender and eventually were executed. Mathias Brugman died in the town of Yauco, Puerto Rico in 1868.

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico
History of the Jews in Puerto Rico

References

External links
Brugman

Category:1812 births
Category:1868 deaths
Category:People from New Orleans
Category:Puerto Rican Jews
Category:Puerto Rican rebels
Category:Imprisoned Puerto Rican independence activists
Category:Puerto Rican independence activists
Category:Puerto Rican people of Dutch descent
Category:19th-century Puerto Rican people
Category:19th-century Sephardi Jews


Catherine McCabe

Catherine McCabe is a public administrator and environmental lawyer who served as Acting Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from January to February 2017. She currently serves as Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

Education
McCabe graduated from Albany High School in Albany, New York in 1969. She attended Barnard College of Columbia University and earned a Bachelor of Arts in environmental sciences. She also studied toward a master's degree in environmental science at the Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and earned her J.D. from Columbia Law School in 1977.

Career
McCabe worked as an Assistant Attorney General in the Office of the Attorney General of the State of New York. She was also an associate at the New York City law firm of Webster & Sheffield.

Department of Justice
McCabe spent 22 years working in the Department of Justice, specializing in environmental issues.  In 2001, she became Deputy Chief of the Environmental Enforcement Section of the Department of Justice.

Environmental Protection Agency
In 2005, she moved to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) where she was the Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator of the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. After seven years with the EPA, McCabe became one of three judges on the EPA’s Environmental Appeals Board, where she served until 2014. McCabe then served as Deputy Regional Administrator of EPA's Region 2, covering New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. McCabe also served as Acting Assistant Administrator of EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) from January to May 2009 and Acting Regional Administrator of EPA's Region 2 from February to October 2017.

She was selected by the outgoing Obama Administration to serve as Acting EPA Administrator starting on January 20, 2017 until President Donald Trump's EPA nominee, Scott Pruitt, was confirmed in February 2017. Following his confirmation, she returned to Region 2 to serve as Acting Regional Administrator.

During her time as Acting EPA Administrator, McCabe commented that the Trump administration's hiring freeze was creating challenges for the agency's work. Nevertheless, McCabe stated that agency staff would "continue to do our best to ensure that this agency’s decisions and actions are based on our two bedrock principles: carrying out the law and ensuring that the best science informs all that we do.”

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
In December 2017, New Jersey governor-elect Phil Murphy announced he would nominate McCabe to serve as Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Environmental groups New Jersey Sierra Club and Clean Water Action supported McCabe's nomination, which was approved on June 7, 2018. On August 30, 2018, McCabe signed an Administrative Order that closed "all lands owned, managed or otherwise controlled" by the  New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to black bear hunting. The black bear hunting moratorium was part of then candidate for Governor Phil Murphy's campaign.

Personal life
McCabe is married with three children. She and her husband have a home in Ocean City, New Jersey, which was hit by Hurricane Sandy in 2012.

References

Category:State cabinet secretaries of New Jersey
Category:Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Category:Barnard College alumni
Category:Columbia Law School alumni
Category:Environmental lawyers
Category:Trump administration cabinet members
Category:United States Department of Justice lawyers
Category:Lawyers from Albany, New York
Category:People from Ocean City, New Jersey
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Calluna

Calluna vulgaris (known as common heather, ling, or simply heather) is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae.  It is a low-growing perennial shrub growing to  tall, or rarely to  and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade. It is the dominant plant in most heathland and moorland in Europe, and in some bog vegetation and acidic pine and oak woodland.  It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning, and is often managed in nature reserves and grouse moors by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning.

Calluna was separated from the closely related genus Erica by Richard Anthony Salisbury, who devised the generic name Calluna probably from the Greek Kallyno (καλλύνω), "beautify, sweep clean", in reference to its traditional use in besoms. The specific epithet vulgaris is Latin for 'common'. Calluna is differentiated from Erica by its corolla and calyx each being in four parts instead of five.

Description
Calluna has small scale-leaves (less than 2–3 mm long) borne in opposite and decussate pairs, whereas those of Erica are generally larger and in whorls of 3–4, sometimes 5. The flowers emerge in late summer; in wild plants these are normally mauve, but white-flowered plants also occur occasionally.  They are terminal in racemes with sepal-like bracts at the base with a superior ovary, the fruit a capsule. Unlike Erica, Calluna sometimes sports double flowers. Calluna is sometimes referred to as Summer (or Autumn) heather to distinguish it from winter or spring flowering species of Erica.

Distribution
Calluna is native to Europe, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Azores. It has been introduced into many other places worldwide with suitable climates, including North America, Australia, New Zealand and the Falkland Islands.

Cultivation

Despised until the 19th century for its associations with the most rugged rural poverty, heather's growth in popularity may be paralleled with the vogue for alpine plants. It is a very popular ornamental plant in gardens and for landscaping, in lime-free areas where it will thrive, but has defeated many a gardener on less acid soil. There are many named cultivars, selected for variation in flower colour and for different foliage colour and growing habits.

Different cultivars have flower colours ranging from white, through pink and a wide range of purples, and including reds. The flowering season with different cultivars extends from late July to November in the northern hemisphere. The flowers may turn brown but still remain on the plants over winter, and this can lead to interesting decorative effects.

Cultivars with ornamental foliage are usually selected for reddish and golden leaf colour. A few forms can be silvery grey. Many of the ornamental foliage forms change colour with the onset of winter weather, usually increasing in intensity of colour. Some forms are grown for distinctive young spring foliage. Cultivars include ‘Beoley Crimson’ (Crimson red), ‘Boskoop’ (light purple), ‘Cuprea’ (copper), 'Firefly' (deep mauve),‘Long White’ (white).

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

Uses

Heather is an important food source for various sheep and deer which can graze the tips of the plants when snow covers low-growing vegetation. Willow grouse and red grouse feed on the young shoots and seeds of this plant. Both adult and larva of the heather beetle (Lochmaea suturalis) feed on it, and can cause extensive mortality in some instances. The larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species also feed on the plant, notably the small emperor moth Saturnia pavonia.

Formerly heather was used to dye wool yellow and to tan leather. With malt, heather is an ingredient in gruit, a mixture of flavourings used in the brewing of heather-beer during the Middle Ages before the use of hops. Thomas Pennant wrote in A Tour in Scotland (1769) that on the Scottish island of Islay "ale is frequently made of the young tops of heath, mixing two thirds of that plant with one of malt, sometimes adding hops".

From time immemorial heather has been used for making besoms, a practice recorded in "Buy Broom Buzzems" a song probably written by William Purvis (Blind Willie) (1752–1832) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England.

Heather honey is a highly valued product in moorland and heathland areas, with many beehives being moved there in late summer.  Not always as valued as it is today, it was dismissed as mel improbum by Dioscurides. Heather honey has a characteristic strong taste, and an unusual texture, for it is thixotropic, being a jelly until stirred, when it becomes a syrup like other honey, but then sets again to a jelly.  This makes the extraction of the honey from the comb difficult, and it is therefore often sold as comb honey.

White heather is regarded in Scotland as being lucky, a tradition brought from Balmoral to England by Queen Victoria and sprigs of it are often sold as a charm and worked into bridal bouquets.

Heather stalks are used by a small industry in Scotland as a raw material for sentimental jewellery. The stalks are stripped of bark, dyed in bright colours and then compressed with resin.

Calluna vulgaris herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea for treatment of disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Invasive species
The plant was introduced to New Zealand and has become an invasive weed in some areas, notably the Tongariro National Park in the North Island and the Wilderness Reserve (Te Anau) in the South Island, overgrowing native plants. Heather beetles have been released to stop the heather, with preliminary trials successful to date.

Chemistry
The shoots of Calluna vulgaris contain the phenolic compounds chlorogenic acid, its 3-O-glucoside, 3-O-galactoside and 3-O-arabinoside.

Cultural references
Heather is seen as iconic of Scotland, where the plant grows widely. When poems like Bonnie Auld Scotland speak of "fragrant hills of purple heather', when the hero of Kidnapped flees through the heather, when heather and Scotland are linked in the same sentence, the heather talked about is Calluna vulgaris.

Purple heather is one of the two national flowers of Norway.

See also
 List of Lepidoptera that feed on Calluna
 Heath (habitat)
 Erica

References

External links

Category:Butterfly food plants
Category:Ericoideae
Category:Garden plants of Europe
Category:Garden plants of Asia
Category:Groundcovers
Category:Flora of Europe
Category:Flora of Russia
Category:Monotypic Ericaceae genera
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Category:Subshrubs


Nazarbegim Muborakshoeva

Nazarbegim Muborakshoeva (born 1952) is a Tajikistani politician.

Born in Rushon, Muborakshoeva graduated in 1974 from the Tajik Agricultural Institute; in 1991 she graduated from the Communist Party High School in Tashkent. She began her career as an agronomist at a kolkhoz in Shughnon District, in 1975 becoming a member of the local Komsomol thre. Beginning in that year and continuing until 1983, she was an instructor at the organization department of the Komsomol of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, after which she began serving as the first secretary of the Komsomol committees for Rushon and Khorugh. In 1983 she started work as a teacher at the latter city's Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan, continuing until 1987, when she became first secretary of the Rushon nohiya committee, a role which she held until 1991. That year she began chairing the executive committee of the nohiya's Council of People's Deputies; in 1997 she became chairwoman of the nohiya as a whole. In 2000 Emomali Rahmon appointed her by decree to the National Assembly; at its first session she was named deputy chair. She took the helm of the Khorugh city council as chair in December 2006. She has also served as mayor of Khorugh. In that capacity her name appeared in one of the cables released by WikiLeaks, in which she was revealed to have met with a representative of the United States government to discuss the cancellation of an anti-Chinese demonstration in the city.

References

Category:1952 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
Category:Tajikistani women in politics
Category:Women city councillors
Category:Women agronomists
Category:Members of the National Assembly of Tajikistan
Category:Communist Party of Tajikistan politicians
Category:20th-century women politicians
Category:21st-century women politicians
Category:Women mayors of places in Tajikistan
Category:City councillors
Category:Agronomists
Category:Mayors of places in Tajikistan


Johannes Meintjes

Johannes Petrus Meintjes (19 May 1923 – 7 July 1980) was a South African artist and writer.

Meintjes grew up on his family's farm in the mountains near Molteno.
He lived and worked in Cape Town for several years, taught art, travelled for exhibitions and won a range of South African and international awards.
In 1965 he retired to Molteno, where he focused on his writing. He went on to win several literary awards.

References

Category:South African artists
Category:1923 births
Category:1980 deaths
Category:Alumni of Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck


Andreas Hüsser

Andreas Hüsser (born 10 February 1954) is a retired Swiss sidecarcross passenger and dual Sidecarcross World Champion, having won the competition in 1988 and 1989 as passenger of Christoph Hüsser, his older twin brother. He also has three European Championships to his name, the predecessor competition of the World Championship, which he won as passenger of Robert Grogg from 1976 to 1978.

Apart from his two World Championship triumphs he has also won the Swiss national sidecarcross championship on five occasions, from 1976 to 1978 with Robert Grogg and in 1988 and 1990 with Christoph Hüsser.

Biography
Unlike his brother Christoph who started his motocross career as a solo rider and, Andreas joint sidecarcross in 1973, while Christoph remained in the solo class until 1986, when the two brothers decided to ride together.

Andreas Hüsser made his debut in the Swiss national championship in 1973 when he rode as passenger of Joe Schwegler, with the duo coming fourth overall. The following season, still with Schwegler, he debut in the FIM Cup, the European and World Championships predecessor, coming 15th overall in the FIM-Cup and fourth once more in Switzerland.

In 1975, with the FIM Cup now renamed European Championship, Hüsser rode with Lorenz Haller, finishing 11th in Europe and eighth in the Swiss championship.

From 1976 Hüsser's fortunes greatly improved, now riding with Robert Grogg who had dominated the Swiss championship so far, having won the previous five titles. With his new passenger, Grogg remained as successful in the national championship, winning three more titles together from 1976 to 1978 and losing the 1979 championship by only three points.

It was in Europe however where Grogg greatly improved with Hüsser by his side. Having previously won the FIM-Cup in 1972 with Gerhard Martinez as his passenger Grogg and Hüsser now took out three consecutive European Championships from 1976 to 1978. In this era the duo won 24 out of 42 races. Like in Switzerland, 1979 saw them come second in Europe, too, ending an era of unprecedented success.

Hüsser did not race in 1980 in the competition now renamed Sidecarcross World Championship and Grogg took out the Swiss national title with Alfred Schacher instead. He was back in 1981, again with Grogg, with whom he would race four more seasons until 1984. Grogg and Hüsser were however unable to repeat the pre-1980 results, coming sixth in the World Championship on three occasions and 19th in 1983. At Swiss level the best result in this era was a second place in 1982.

With Grogg's retirement in 1984 Hüsser began racing with Terry Good already during that season and continued on in 1985. In 1986 he raced on the side of Ruedi Herren. An eleventh place in 1985 and a ninth place in 1986 were the overall World Championship results with these riders. While not taking part in the Swiss championship Terry Good did win the British one in 1985 and occasionally had used Hüsser as his passenger there.

A new era began for Andreas Hüsser in 1987 when he teamed up with Christoph Hüsser, who he would race with in the World Championship until the end of his career in 1993. In their first season in the Swiss championship the new combination finished second, five points behind compatriots Hansi Bächtold and Fritz Fuß, who had won their fourth consecutive World Championship that year. They also took part in the World Championship where they came fifth overall.

The year after Christoph and Andreas Hüsser won the World Championship, 41 points clear of the German team of Walter Netterscheid and Jürgen Hassold, as well as the Swiss championship, making it their most successful season ever. The Hüsser's were able to defend their World Championship crown in 1989, this time by 26 points but lost the Swiss championship by seven points to Andreas Fuhrer and Hans Ruedi Stettler.

In 1990 he raced only one Grand Prix event, in Belgium and sat out the 1991 and 1992 seasons altogether. In Switzerland the Hüsser's won one more national title in 1990 but in this combination Andreas Hüsser did not take part in any events in 1991 and 1992, too.

Andreas Hüsser's last sidecarcross season came in 1993. He raced once more with Christoph Hüsser and the pair managed one more race win together, in Switzerland, coming 17th overall in the World Championship. In the Swiss championship they came third that season.

Personal
Christoph Hüsser, together with his twin brother, grew up on his grandparents farm at Stetten, Aargau.

Honours

World Championship
 Champions: (2) 1988, 1989

European Championship
 Champions: (3) 1976, 1977, 1978
 Runners-up: (1) 1979

National Championships
 Swiss national championship:
 Champions: (5) 1976, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990
 Runners-up: (4) 1979, 1982, 1987, 1989

References

External links
 The World Championship on Sidecarcross.com

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Baden District, Aargau
Category:Swiss sidecarcross riders


Naval Air Station New Iberia

Naval Air Station New Iberia, located near New Iberia, Louisiana, was a short-lived training facility of the United States Navy which operated for a mere five years in the 1960s.
The naval base at New Iberia was actually designated NAAS, indicating that it was a Naval Auxiliary Air Station.  The U.S. Navy airfield identifier for New Iberia was KNIL.

History
The site of NAAS New Iberia had served as a civil airport between 1946 and 1954. In 1954 the Department of Defense selected the airport for development as a naval air station.

Due to the runway length requirements of naval jet aircraft, 4,000 acres were purchased by the Federal Government and an 8,002-foot concrete runway, Runway 16/34, was constructed. Commissioned in 1960, Naval Auxiliary Air Station New Iberia was located near U.S. Highway 90 just outside New Iberia and covered an area of 4,347 acres of land and had an elevation of 24 feet.

With the opening of NAAS New Iberia, its primary flying unit, Advanced Training Unit-B moved from Naval Air Station Kingsville/South Field, Texas and was redesignated as Training Squadron TWENTY SEVEN (VT-27).  Operating Grumman TS-2A Trackers, the squadron conducted advanced multiengine training for Student Naval Aviators destined for carrier-based A-1 Skyraider, S-2 Tracker and E-1 Tracer aircraft, and land-based naval aircraft and seaplanes, primarily those engaged in airborne early warning mission flying the EC-121 Warning Star, and those in the patrol and anti-submarine warfare mission, such as the P-2 Neptune, P5M Marlin, and the new P-3 Orion that began coming on line in the early 1960s.

Approximately 1,000 military personnel and 100 civilian workers were stationed at NAAS New Iberia in 1964, including those assigned to VT-27. Naval Auxiliary Air Station New Iberia continued to function until 1964 when the Navy began closing the facility. On 29 September 1964, VT-27 transferred to Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas, with the squadron instructor pilots flying out the TS-2 Trackers. NAS New Iberia was finally closed in January 1965.

Upon the closure of the naval field, the Iberia Parish governing body petitioned the U.S. government for release of 2,100 acres of air station property for civil aviation use.  The petition was granted in 1970 and the airport was given its present name, Acadiana Regional Airport. The Acadiana Regional Airport is classified as a General Aviation Transport airport by the Federal Aviation Authority. By definition, the airport is capable of serving all classes of aircraft.

A variety of aviation-related businesses are located at the airport. Many helicopters and seaplanes utilize the airport in support of the offshore petroleum industry in the Gulf of Mexico. Commercial passenger service is provided by a number of charter operators at the airport.

References

New Iberia, Naval Auxiliary Air Station
Category:Military installations in Louisiana
Category:Airports in Louisiana
Category:Military installations closed in 1965
Category:Military installations established in 1960
Category:1960 establishments in Louisiana
Category:1965 disestablishments in Louisiana
Category:Buildings and structures in Iberia Parish, Louisiana


Our Time Now

"Our Time Now" is the third single from the Plain White T's from their album Every Second Counts. It was shipped to Pop Radio on September 2006. It peaked at number 90 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 29 on US Modern Rock charts.

The song was featured during a montage of people getting approved to go to Hollywood during American Idol on January 29, 2008. The promo caused the song to jump 20 spots on iTunes from 75 to 55 overnight.

"Our Time Now" was written by Tom Higgenson, Mia Post (Mia Koo), and Michael Daly and produced by Johnny K.

TV appearances
It was used in some commercials/trailers for the first season of the ABC Family show Greek, and is performed by the band (along with "Hey There Delilah") in the episode "The Rusty Nail". This song was also performed by the Plain White T's in an actual appearance on the 11th episode ("iRue the Day") of the first season on Nickelodeon's iCarly. It was also featured (along with "You and Me") in the Disney Channel Original Movie Johnny Kapahala: Back on Board and a Norwegian commercial for As the Bell Rings.

The track was recorded in Simlish for The Sims 2: Teen Style stuff pack.

The song was used in The Ultimate Band Trailer.

Music video
The music video was inspired by the 1967 film The Graduate. It stars the band performing the song on a theater stage with a crew working around them. A family appears at the start of the second verse having an outdoor party with a pool. The ending shows Tom stopping a wedding and running off with the bride.

Charts

References

External links

Category:2007 singles
Category:Plain White T's songs
Category:Music videos directed by Shane Drake
Category:Hollywood Records singles
Category:2006 songs
Category:Fearless Records singles
Category:Songs written by Mike Daly
Category:Song recordings produced by Johnny K


List of listed buildings in Stenness, Orkney

This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Stenness in Orkney, Scotland.

List

|}

Key

See also
 List of listed buildings in Orkney

Notes

References
 All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence

Stenness
Category:Mainland, Orkney


Harry Rose

Harry Rose may refer to:

Harry M. Rose (1906–1986), microbiologist
Harry Rose (footballer) (1870–1946), English footballer
Harry Rose, character in Orchis Fatalis
Harry V. Rose, husband of Helen Rose
Harry Keller Rose, director of Rose of Cimarron
Harry Rose, lyricist of "Kitty from Kansas City.

See also
Henry Rose (disambiguation)
Harold Rose (1900–1990), English footballer and football manager
Harold Rose (economist) (1923–2018), English economist


Charles Hamilton (orientalist)

Charles Hamilton (1753?–1792) was a British orientalist, known for his English translation of Al-Hidayah.

Life
Born in Belfast about 1753, he was the only son of Charles Hamilton (died 1759), merchant, by Katherine Mackay (died 1767). After spending two years in the office of a Dublin merchant, he obtained a cadetship on the East India Company's establishment at Bengal, and went to India in 1776. He gained his first commission on 24 October that year, and was promoted lieutenant on 10 July 1778.

Hamilton studied oriental languages, and became one of the first members of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta. He returned to England for his major work of translation, completed and published in 1791. He was appointed resident at the court of the grand vizier at Oudh, and prepared to leave England. Symptoms of consumption, however, appeared, and he was recommended to take a voyage to Lisbon; but he died at Hampstead on 14 March 1792, aged 39, and was buried in Bunhill Fields. A monument to his memory was later erected in Belfast by his sisters, who included Elizabeth Hamilton.

Works
While engaged in an expedition against the Rohillas he collected the materials Historical Relation of the Origin, Progress, and Final Dissolution of the Government of the Rohilla Afgans in the Northern Provinces of Hindostan, 1787, compiled from a Persian manuscript and other original papers. In 1786 he obtained permission to return home for five years in order to translate from Persian the Al-Hidayah, published as the Hedaya, or Guide, a work of fiqh; he was selected for the task by the governor-general and council of Bengal. The work appear in four quarto volumes, in 1791.  A second edition of the Hedaya, by Standish Grove Grady, was published in 1870.

References

Attribution

Category:1753 births
Category:1792 deaths
Category:British East India Company Army officers
Category:British orientalists
Category:British translators
Category:People from Belfast
Category:Burials at Bunhill Fields


Canadian Air Force (1918–1920)

The Canadian Air Force (CAF) was a  contingent of two Canadian air force squadrons – one fighter and one bomber – authorized by the British Air Ministry in August 1918 during the close of the First World War. The unit was independent from the Canadian Expeditionary Force and the British Royal Air Force (RAF).

In addition to the two squadrons, a CAF Directorate of Air Services was formed, which was a branch of the General Staff of the Overseas Military Forces of Canada. The CAF's first commander, Lt. Col. W. A. Bishop began setting up the squadrons in August 1918. The two squadrons never fought during the war, which ended on 11 November 1918. The squadrons were administered by No. 1 Wing CAF, which was formed in March 1919.

Both squadrons were stationed in the United Kingdom at Upper Heyford and later, Shoreham-By-Sea, Sussex. All aircraft, equipment and training facilities were provided by Britain.  Recruiting, pay and clothing, however, was a Canadian responsibility.

The British government cut funding for the squadrons in June 1919. The Canadian government decided that a permanent peacetime air force was not needed and so both squadrons ceased operations: No. 1 Squadron on January 28, 1920, and No. 2 Squadron on February 5, 1920. Aircraft and associated equipment were sent back to Canada. The Directorate of Air Services was dissolved on 5 August 1920.

This Canadian Air Force was Canada's second attempt at creating a relatively independent air force, the first being the creation of the Canadian Aviation Corps in 1914. Another Canadian Air Force would be established in 1920 as part of the Air Board in Canada and would exist until the Royal Canadian Air Force was established in 1924.

Squadrons

The two Canadian squadrons were designated a wing, which was commanded by a Wing Commander.  The squadrons were:

 No. 1 (Fighter) Squadron (or No. 81 Squadron RAF)
No. 2 (Day Bomber) Squadron (or No. 123 Squadron RAF)

Primary operational aircraft

The Royal Flying Corps provided three types of aircraft. No. 2 Squadron also had the use of at least three captured Fokker D.VIIs.

No. 1 Squadron
 Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5A fighter
 Sopwith Dolphin fighter

No. 2 Squadron
 Airco DH.9A bomber

See also
History of the Royal Canadian Air Force
Royal Flying Corps of Canada
Royal Canadian Naval Air Service

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Greenhous, Brereton; Halliday, Hugh A. Canada's Air Forces, 1914–1999. Montreal: Editions Art Global and the Department of National Defence, 1999. .
 Milberry, Larry (General Editor). Sixty Years – The RCAF and CF Air Command 1924–1984. Toronto: Canav Books, 1984. .
 Roberts, Leslie. There Shall Be Wings. Toronto: Clark, Irwin and Co. Ltd., 1959. No ISBN.

Category:Military units and formations of Canada in World War I
Category:Military history of Canada
Category:Military units and formations established in 1918
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1920
Category:Canadian Air Force
Category:Disbanded air forces
Category:History of Canadian military aviation


Bunyala

Bunyala is a settlement in Kenya's Busia County.

Climate of the Western Province
The climate is mainly tropical, with variations due to altitude. Kakamega district is mainly hot and wet most of the year, while Bungoma district is colder but just as wet. Busia district is the warmest, while the hilly Vihiga District is the coldest. The entire province experiences very heavy rainfall all year round, with the long rains in the earlier months of the year.

References

Category:Populated places in Western Province (Kenya)
Category:Busia County


Diego Álvarez Chanca

Diego Álvarez Chanca (year of birth and death unknown) was a Spanish physician and companion of Christopher Columbus.

Chanca was a physician-in-ordinary to Ferdinand and Isabella, which is how he was introduced to Columbus. He was appointed by the  Crown of Spain to accompany Columbus' second expedition to America in 1493. Shortly after landing on Hispaniola, Columbus suffered from an attack of malarial fever, which Chanca successfully treated. Several other members of the crew were also treated for malaria during this period.

Chanca's opinion was also sought when Columbus was selecting a site for his first settlement, Isabella. While there, Chanca wrote a letter to the municipal council of his native city of Seville, which was the first document describing the flora, the fauna, the ethnology, and the ethnography of America.

After his return to Spain in February 1494, he published in 1506 a medical treatise entitled Para curar el mal de Costado (The Treatment of Pleurisy), and in 1514, he published a work in Latin criticizing a book entitled De conservanda juventute et retardanda senectute, the work of Arnaldo de Villanova, a brother-physician.

References

Category:15th-century births
Category:16th-century deaths
Category:15th-century explorers
Category:Medieval Spanish physicians
Category:16th-century Spanish physicians
Category:Explorers of Central America
Category:15th-century Spanish writers
Category:Court physicians
Category:Spanish explorers of North America


Six-Part Seating

Six-Part Seating is a sculpture by Scott Burton, installed at the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C. The work, conceived in 1985 and fabricated in 1998, consists of six polished red granite seats that can be arranged in a circle or side-by-side. The seats weigh approximately 1500 pounds each. Visitors are welcome to sit on the seats. The work was given to the National Gallery of Art by the Collectors Committee.

See also

 List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2

References

External links
 Six-Part Seating (National Gallery of Art)

Category:1990s sculptures
Category:Collections of the National Gallery of Art
Category:Granite sculptures in Washington, D.C.
Category:National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden
Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.


Sunset Crater

Sunset Crater is a cinder cone located north of Flagstaff in U.S. State of Arizona. The crater is within the Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument.

Sunset Crater is the youngest in a string of volcanoes (the San Francisco volcanic field) that is related to the nearby San Francisco Peaks.

Formation
The date of the eruptions that formed the  was initially derived from tree-ring dates, suggesting the eruption began between the growing seasons of A.D. 1064–1065. However, more recent geologic and archaeological evidence places the eruption around A.D. 1085. The largest vent of the eruption, Sunset Crater itself, was the source of the Bonito and Kana-a lava flows that extended about  NW and  NE, respectively.  Additional vents along a  extending SE produced small spatter ramparts and a  to the east. The Sunset Crater eruption produced a blanket of ash and lapilli covering an area of more than  and forced the temporary abandonment of settlements of the local Sinagua people. The volcano has partially revegetated, with pines and wildflowers. The crater is the namesake for the Sunset Crater Beardtongue (Penstemon clutei). While the volcano is considered extinct, despite its young geologic age, due to the short-lived nature of cinder cones, the San Francisco volcanic field is still considered active, and a future eruption elsewhere in the area is a statistical certainty.

Damage from hikers forced the National Park Service to close a trail leading to the crater, but a short trail at the base remains.

The hiking trail below the summit skirts the substantial Bonito Lava Flow. This hardened lava is black and appears fresh as it has devastated the forest in its path.  The lava flow also created an ice cave or tube that is now closed to the public after a partial collapse.

2015 eruption scare

On June 5, 2015, a website with satellite images reported steam rising from the crater, leading to fears that Sunset Crater was erupting. The cause of the steam was later determined to be a forest fire, and geologists stated that the volcano was extinct.

Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument

Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument is a U.S. National Monument in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona, created to protect Sunset Crater, a cinder cone within the San Francisco Volcanic Field.
The monument is managed by the National Park Service in close conjunction with nearby Wupatki National Monument. In 1928, a Hollywood film company - Famous Players-Lasky Corporation - planned to detonate large quantities of explosives on the side of Sunset Crater in order to create an avalanche for Zane Grey's motion picture, Avalanche. Public outcry over this plan led in part to the proclamation of Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument by President Herbert Hoover in 1930.

A 1-mile (1.6 km), self-guided loop trail is located at the base of Sunset Crater, but hiking to the summit is not permitted. A trail providing access to the summit and crater was closed in 1973 because of excessive erosion caused by hikers. A visitor center is located near the park entrance,  north of Flagstaff, Arizona, along U.S. Highway 89.

References

External links

 Sunset Crater National Monument at National Park Service
 Sunset Crater at USGS

Category:Landforms of Coconino County, Arizona
Category:Mountains of Arizona
Category:Cinder cones of the United States
Category:Volcanoes of Arizona
Category:Dormant volcanoes
Category:Protected areas of Coconino County, Arizona
Category:Mountains of Coconino County, Arizona


Moshchny Island

Moshchny (; ; , ) is an island in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, located some 120 km west of Saint Petersburg. The island is a part of the Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The area of the island is approximately 13.9 km².

After the Finnish Civil War and until the Russo-Finnish Winter War the island was a part of Finland and belonged to the province of Viipuri. The island, which had the largest population of the Finnish islands in the gulf was evacuated in 1939 - an operation that lasted merely a few hours.

During World War II, when Leningrad was almost entirely surrounded and many other islands had been conquered by the Germans and the Finns, Admiral Tributs decided to keep islands of Seiskari and Lavansaari which proved to be very important bases as the war progressed. The Russians had a minor naval station and a radar on the island. On November 18, 1942 three Finnish motor torpedo boats Syöksy, Vinha and Vihuri, as well as a minelaying KM-boat made an assault on the harbour of Lavansaari. Syöksy managed to hit the gunboat Krasnoye Znamya with one torpedo. The Soviet vessel was sunk in her moorings, but was eventually raised on 13 November 1943.

The German naval forces wanted to prevent the Soviet naval forces from operating to the West of Lavansaari by mine-laying two large seamine barrages. The Seehund I, II, III and IV barrages ware laid from 3 August to 26 August 1942 and the larger barrage to the West of Seehund, The Seeigel I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII barrages from 21 May to 25 May 1942 and from 10 June to 23 June 1942. Both the Seeigel and Seehund barrages were recognised by the Finnish Navy as Suursaari - Kiskolan rivi, i.e. Suursaari - Kiskola line. Seeigel I-IV and VI-VIII consisted of 2 526 pieces of sea mines together with Seeigel V in the depth of from two metres to three metres below the water surface. As an exception to the other barrages, Seeigel V had mines in the 25 metres depth from the water surface. In June the supplementary mine-laying consisted of 244 magnetic seamines, about 3000 anchored depth mines and about 1,630 minesweeping obstacles. The smaller barrage, the Seehund consisted of only about 200 mines and about 250 minesweeping obstacles against the surface vessels and minesweeping.

On 23 June 1943 German bombers sank the Soviet motor torpedo boat, MO-171 off the waters of Lavansaari. On 14 May 1944, a German motor torpedo boat sank the Soviet motor torpedo boat MO-122 with a torpedo.

Sources

Category:Russian islands in the Baltic
Category:Islands of Leningrad Oblast


Arab Sharkas case

The Arab Sharkas case is the name given to the military trial of nine men in Egypt in August 2014. Six defendants were sentenced to death in October, and executed in May 2015.

According to military prosecutors for the government of Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the defendants killed soldiers during a military raid in the village of Arab Sharkas in March 2014. Human rights organizations have stated that some of the defendants were imprisoned prior to the raid, or arrested elsewhere in Egypt; it is not clear if any were present at the raid. The defendants were tortured during their imprisonment, and refused an appeal prior to their executions. The case has been denounced by international human rights organizations.

Military raid on Arab Sharkas village

The prosecution accused the defendants of killing a colonel and brigadier general during a firefight in the Qaliubiya village of Arab Sharkas, in northern Egypt, in March 2014. The firefight occurred during a government raid that killed six; prosecutors said that eight who were not killed were detained.

According to Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, three of the six executed were already imprisoned by Egyptian security forces at a secret location - the Al-Azouly Military Prison - prior to the raid in which they were said to have been captured.

Egyptian military prosecutors also accused the defendants of carrying out a shooting on a military bus in the Amiriya district of Cairo in March 2014, killing one soldier. Prosecutors furthermore stated the defendants were responsible for a later checkpoint attack in Cairo that killed six soldiers.

Trial and execution

The defendants include Mohamed Bakry, Hany Amer, Mohamed Afifi, Abdel rahman Said, Khaled Farg and Islam Said, and were tortured in custody. They are said to have confessed they belong to Ansar Bait Al-Maqdis, considered a terrorist group by the Egyptian government. Now called Welayet Sinai, the organization is said to have ties to ISIS. One of the defendants, Said, was a high school student.

The military courts faced a suit calling for the death sentences to be halted, but postponed hearing the suit until two days after the executions were already carried out. Lawyers representing the defendants were not informed of their impending executions.

One lawyer, Ahmed Helmy, said that the executions were meant to broadcast that the el-Sisi government was able and willing to carry out executions following former president Morsi's conviction.

Two defendants were sentenced to life in prison, and another sentenced to death in absentia.

Egyptian and international reaction

Human rights organizations including Amnesty International urged Egypt not to carry through the executions, and called the executions "an egregious new low" in which civilians had been tried by military courts. Human Rights Monitor, based in London, stated that the court "ignored all evidence that might enable the defendants to be acquitted," called only one witness (an Egyptian government security officer), and used torture to extract confessions.

The Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party, dissolved by the el-Sisi government, called the executions a crime.

The Egyptian Revolutionary Council, an organization opposed to president el-Sisi, stated in response to the executions that el-Sisi's government executes "innocent Egyptians for political scores." The organization leader Dr. Maha Azzam stated that the "Egyptian regime has to be held directly accountable for the execution of citizens without any due process;" she condemned western governments for supporting the executions.

The World Socialist Web Site stated that the trial and executions in the Arab Sharkas case paralleled those used against Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood, and condemned continued American financial support for the Egyptian military.

See also
2013 Egyptian coup d'état

References

Category:2014 in Egypt


List of tunnels in China

This list of tunnels in China includes any road, rail or waterway tunnel in China.

Beijing
Xiaoyue Tunnel

Chongqing
Baiyun Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)

Gansu
Wushaoling Tunnel

Hainan
Qiaozhong Road Tunnel

Hong Kong

Aberdeen Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)
Airport Express / Tung Chung Line (underwater) (metro)
Airport Tunnel (beneath site of former Hong Kong International Airport) (road)
Beacon Hill Tunnel (cross-mountain) (rail/metro)
Cheung Tsing Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)
Cross Harbour Tunnel (underwater) (road)
Eagle's Nest Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)
Eastern Harbour Crossing / Tseung Kwan O Line (underwater) (road and metro)
Lion Rock Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road and water pipe)
Sha Tin Heights Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)
Shing Mun Tunnels (cross-mountain) (road)
Tai Lam Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)
Tate's Cairn Tunnel (cross-mountain) (road)
Tsuen Wan Line (underwater) (metro)
Western Harbour Crossing (underwater) (road)

Shaanxi
Zhongnanshan Tunnel

Shandong
Qing-Huang Tunnel

Shanghai
A20 (Outer Ring Road) Tunnel
Bund Passage
Bund Sightseeing Tunnel
Dalian Road Tunnel
Dapu Road Tunnel
Fuxing East Road Tunnel
Shanghai Metro Tunnels, including 6 crossings of the Huangpu River as of 2010
Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge
Xiangyan Road Tunnel
Yan'an East Road Tunnel
Yangpu Road Tunnel

Sichuan
Mount Erlang Tunnel

Tibet
Fenghuoshan tunnel
Yangbajing tunnel

See also
 List of long railway tunnels in China
List of tunnels by location
 Yangtze River bridges and tunnels

Tunnels
China