Fa Sol La

Fa Sol La is the third studio EP from the American rock band Those Mockingbirds.

Content
The six-track EP was released on 12"-vinyl and as a free digital download, on 13 September 2011. The limited edition vinyl issue, which was pressed by United Record Pressing in Nashville, Tennessee, includes a full-color, double sided, hand-numbered insert, an 11" x 17" signed band poster, a handmade keychain by Tory Daines, a 2" x 3" sticker, and a digital download card for an alternate unreleased version of the song "Coast to Coast." Fa Sol La contains two instrumental tracks, and draws comparison to the music of Smashing Pumpkins, and Arcade Fire. The song "The Difference Between Love and Addiction" was almost included on the EP, but instead was released as a stand-alone single, on 24 April 2012.

Reception
A review of the EP by The Aquarian Weekly says the "darker yet still hooky sound [and] edgier take on composition in Fa Sol La [...] have a melancholic feel to them." They note the song "Coast to Coast" "explosive [with] catchy, angst-filled lyrics over the closest thing to pop you'll get from this record[,] in contrast to the fiery "Don't Stray" is fairly somber with a slick, bluesy guitar solo." The review closes with saying Fa Sol La got "a rise out of me like an energy drink despite its murky feel. I have a feeling that this release won't get old. Kudos to you, Those Mockingbirds. The Deli describes "Mountain Slang I" begins with "gentle waves of sound then segues into crashing guitars" on "Coast to Coast." They describe "Don't Stray" as "folksy and balladic," "The Bloodiest Gums" as "polka-esque," "We're Animals" as "visceral," and end with noting Fa Sol La "comes full circle with [the] serene instrumental track, "Mountain Slang II.""

Jim Testa in The Jersey Journal writes Those Mockingbirds' EP offers "strong melodies and vocal harmonies, and the grace of Tory Daines' contributions on violin and keyboards [...] on slower, softer songs like romantic "Don’t Stray" or the eerie "The Bloodiest Gums" make[s] the most of their folk/rock influences. Lead singer/guitarist Adam Bird's powerful vocals that tend to be the focal point here, which range from supple and seductive to bold and blaring depending on the mood of the song." He includes the album in his list of Honorable Mentions in the Top Pick's of 2012.

Track listing

Personnel
Adam Bird – vocals and guitar
Tory Anne Daines – vocals, keys and violin
Jonathan Gianino – guitar
Rob Fitzgerald – bass and vocals
Kevin Walters – drums and vocals

References
Citations

Bibliography

External links

Category:2011 EPs
Category:Those Mockingbirds albums


WBTW

WBTW, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Florence, South Carolina, United States, serving the Pee Dee and Grand Strand regions of South Carolina. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group. WBTW's studios are located on McDonald Court in the unincorporated community of Socastee (but with a Myrtle Beach postal address), and its transmitter is located near Dillon, South Carolina (across from the tower of ABC affiliate WPDE-TV, channel 15).

The station is carried on cable channel 8 in most parts of the market.

History
The station went on the air on October 18, 1954 on VHF channel 8 from a transmitter at its original studios on TV Road (WBTW still owns studios at this location) in the Back Swamp section north of the town of Quinby (with a Florence address). It was owned by Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company (later becoming Jefferson-Pilot, now part of Lincoln Financial Group). It was Jefferson Standard's second television station behind WBTV in Charlotte, North Carolina. WBTW's call sign was derived from "W" being the next letter in the alphabet after "V." The two stations were programmed separately, but shared a microwave system built in 1959. On September 17, 1962, it moved to VHF channel 13 and its previous channel was re-allocated to High Point, North Carolina as WGHP.

Jefferson Standard sold the station to the Shott family of Bluefield, West Virginia, publishers of the Bluefield Daily Telegraph and owners of WHIS-AM-FM-TV in Bluefield through the Daily Telegraph Publishing Company, in 1968. The move came because WBTV and WBTW had a fairly significant grade B signal overlap, and neither station would have been able to expand its signal if Jefferson Standard had kept them both.  During WBTW ownership by the Shott family, the station often used local radio personalities to deliver news, sports and weather. Regular talent included Jim (James) Griffin and Gene Allen.

In 1979, WBTW activated its current tower on Pee Dee Church Road in rural Dillon County, southeast of the county seat of Dillon south of South Carolina Highway 9. This more than doubled its coverage area, giving it at least secondary coverage as far north as Fayetteville, Raeford and Pinehurst; as far west as Polkton and Pageland; as far south as Georgetown and Summerton and as far east as Leland and Elizabethtown. Only local cable systems in Fayetteville and Pinehurst do not currently carry WBTW, but did until the 1980s and early-1990s.

For many years, it was the only commercial television station located between Wilmington and Charleston. This was because of a quirk in the Federal Communications Commission's allocation of VHF channels. Most markets got at least two VHF allocations. However, Florence/Myrtle Beach is sandwiched between Raleigh (channels 4, 5, and 11) and Wilmington (channels 3 and 6) to the north, Charleston (channels 2, 4, 5, and 7) to the south, and Columbia (channel 10) to the west. This created a "doughnut" in northeastern South Carolina where there could be only one VHF license.

The station has always been a CBS affiliate, but carried some ABC shows until WPDE-TV (channel 15) signed-on in 1980. The Shotts sold most of their media holdings in 1984, with their two remaining television stations, WBTW and KIMT in Mason City, Iowa going to Spartanburg-based Spartan Radiocasting Corporation (later Spartan Communications), the founding owners of fellow CBS affiliate WSPA-TV. In the late-1980s and early-1990s, it branded itself on-air as the "Best of Two Worlds" playing off the "BTW" in its call letters. In 2000, Spartan merged with Media General.

From 1995 to 2000, WBTW served as the de facto CBS affiliate for parts of the Wilmington market because former affiliate WJKA-TV switched to Fox and became WSFX-TV. That market got another CBS affiliate in 2000 when WILM-LP (now WILM-LD) picked up the affiliation. However, WBTW still served some parts of the Wilmington area that did not receive the low-powered WILM signal over-the-air or on cable until 2017 when WWAY acquired the CBS affiliation for its second digital subchannel. After being known as "TV 13" for most of its history, this station re-branded itself as "News 13" in 2002. WBTW's broadcasts became digital-only, effective June 12, 2009.

On May 2, 2011, a letter was submitted to the FCC requesting that WBTW be authorized to abandon its channel 13 frequency (213 MHz) and move to channel 41 (635 MHz), and transmit a non-directional signal with a strength of 1 million watts—equivalent to 5 million watts in analog (it is 316,000 watts on channel 13). The letter also requested that the height of the transmitter elements on the tower be the same as now on channel 13.

On January 27, 2016, Media General announced that it had entered into a definite agreement to be acquired by Nexstar Broadcasting Group for $4.6 billion. The combined company would be called Nexstar Media Group and own 171 stations (including WBTW). The deal was completed on January 17, 2017.

Cable and satellite coverage outside of the DMA
During the CATV period of the 1970s and 1980s, WBTW had even more significant coverage in North Carolina. It was once carried in Anson (Wadesboro system), Montgomery, Moore and Lee counties. As of 2011, it is only carried in Polkton (Anson County), the counties of Richmond, Hoke, and parts of Columbus and Brunswick. WBTW is not carried on satellite outside of the market.

Anson and Richmond counties are within the Charlotte DMA (served by WBTV), while Hoke and Moore counties are in the Raleigh-Durham DMA (served by WNCN) and Montgomery is the only county served by WBTW that is within the Greensboro DMA (served by WFMY-TV).

Digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

In 2006, WBTW launched a new subchannel branded as My TV, carrying programming from MyNetworkTV and Retro TV. It is carried on Spectrum digital channel 1215, on HTC Cablevision channel 99 in Conway, and in Brunswick County, North Carolina on ATMC channel 13. In 2011, RTV was replaced with Antenna TV and the subchannel was rebranded as WBTW 13.2.

News operation
Historically, WBTW has been one of the most dominant stations in the country. This is in part because it was the only station in town for a quarter-century; until WPDE signed on in 1980, viewers had to rely on cable to get programming from the other networks.

In 2004, WBTW established a news share agreement with Fox affiliate WFXB. It then began producing a weeknight 10 o'clock newscast for that station known as Fox 43 News at 10. In 2006, the title switched to Fox News at 10.

During August 2007, WBTW moved most of its operations to new studios in Myrtle Beach. A smaller facility at that same site had been serving as the station's Grand Strand bureau since 1989; it was demolished in 2007 to make way for the larger facility. The station maintained some operations its old facilities in Florence for a time. However, by 2008 the station had moved all of its operations to Myrtle Beach. The old facilities in Florence now sit idle with trees and shrubbery growing up around the building and covering the abandoned satellite dishes. A physical Lumberton bureau closed in 2007. In March 2008, WBTW converted its news operation to all-digital. The revamp included new graphics, new news set, and robotic studio cameras. In 2013, WBTW became the second station in the market (after NBC affiliate WMBF, which signed on in HD) to broadcast its newscasts in high definition. This left ABC affiliate WPDE as the last local news station to still broadcast in enhanced digital widescreen (until 2015).

In early 2009, the station shifted to the "digital journalism" model. It reduced the use of 2 person newsgathering teams. Now each reporter must shoot the majority of their own video. While sounding like something new, it is actually a return to the days of yesteryear for WBTW, which often used "one-man-band" reporters as late as the early 1990s.

On December 1, 2011, WBTW began producing an hour-long weekday morning show on WFXB. Known as Fox Morning News, the broadcast is seen from 7 until 8 offering a local alternative to the big three network morning shows. On May 19, 2012, WBTW launched an hour-long newscast on Saturday and Sunday mornings from 8-9 a.m.

On April 20, 2015, WBTW began producing a half-hour extension to its morning newscast at 4:30 a.m., as well as an hour-long 9:00 a.m. newscast titled News 13 NOW. The newscasts are the only ones on at that time in the Florence/Myrtle Beach market, and as a result, WBTW 13 produces five and a half hours of weekday morning news, with two of those hours produced for WFXB.

On September 10, 2018, WBTW debuted a 5:30 p.m. newscast, with Inside Edition moving to WMBF-TV in the same timeslot, which moved its 5:30 p.m. newscast to 7:30 p.m.

Notable former staff
 Darby Mullany Dunn - anchor (1993–1997; later at CNN; now reporter at CNBC)
 Kellie Rasberry - weekend weather and reporter (1990–1994) now on-air personality at Kidd Kraddick Morning Show.

References

External links

Category:CBS network affiliates
Category:Antenna TV affiliates
Category:Ion Television affiliates
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1954
Category:1954 establishments in South Carolina
BTW
Category:Nexstar Media Group
Category:Ion Television subchannel-only affiliates
Category:Court TV Mystery affiliates


Chizuko Hoshino

is a female Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan.

Filmography

Anime
Classmates 2 Special: Graduation as Yousuke's Girlfriend
Happiness! as Otoha Kohinata
Fortune Arterial as Shizuko Amaike
Kakyuusei as Mayumi Tachibana
Saiyuki as Shaohei
To Heart as Akari's mother (ep 13)

Video Games cast in
Puyo Puyo~n as Rulue
Muv-Luv as Mana Tsukuyomi

Drama CDs
Analyst no Yuutsu series 1: Benchmark ni Koi wo Shite (Reiko Nishiyama)

References

External links
  Chizuko Hoshino at Production baobab

Hoshino Chizuko
Category:Living people
Category:People from Tokyo
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Brownsboro Farm, Kentucky

Brownsboro Farm is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 648 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Brownsboro Farm is located in northeastern Jefferson County at  (38.304119, -85.595985). It is bordered to the southwest by Barbourmeade and on all other sides by Louisville. Interstate 71 forms the northern border, though with no direct access, while Kentucky Route 22 (Brownsboro Road) forms the southern boundary. Downtown Louisville is  to the southwest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 676 people, 235 households, and 211 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,944.6 people per square mile (1,535.3/km²). There were 240 housing units at an average density of 1,400.5 per square mile (545.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.30% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 1.04% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

There were 235 households out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.2% were non-families. 8.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $76,445, and the median income for a family was $80,000. Males had a median income of $52,396 versus $37,143 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,807. None of the families and 0.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

References

External links
City of Brownsboro Farm official website

Category:Cities in Kentucky
Category:Cities in Jefferson County, Kentucky
Category:Louisville metropolitan area


Ford Thames 307E

The Thames 307E is a small panel van launched by Ford UK in June 1961  and based on the recently introduced Ford Anglia 105E. It replaced the Thames 300E and, like its predecessor  it was marketed as the Thames 5 cwt or the Thames 7 cwt van. These names defined, in Imperial measurements, the recommended maximum load weights (equivalent to 250 and 350 kg respectively) of the vehicles. Advertised load space was  including  beside the driver.

The vans were introduced with a specially developed "commercial version" of the Anglia 105E engine, applying a compression ratio of 7.5:1 or, as an option, 8.9:1.   The four speed gear box also came from the latest Anglia. The 5 and 7 cwt versions could be distinguished from the front by differing grill treatments.  The base version had a grill of painted horizontal slats similar to that on the basic Anglia while the 7 cwt featured a full-width bright-meshed metal grill reminiscent of the Anglia deluxe.

Left hand drive export versions of the 307E were designated Thames 308E. The Anglia name was used for certain export markets.

Thames 309E
From October 1962 the 5cwt and 7cwt vans were also offered with the 1198cc engine from the Ford Anglia Super and these were designated as Thames 309E. Left hand drive export versions of the 309E were designated Thames 310E.

Ford Anglia Van
In March 1965 the use of the Thames name was discontinued and from that time Anglia-based vans were marketed as Ford Anglia Vans.

Production ended in November 1967 with a total of 205,001 vans having been produced.

References

Thames 307E
Category:Cars introduced in 1961
Category:Vans
Category:1960s cars


1948–49 Portsmouth F.C. season

In Portsmouth Football Club's Golden Jubilee season of 1948–49, the club were tipped to be the first team of the 20th century to win the Football League and FA Cup double. However, Pompey crashed out of the FA Cup in the semi-final against Leicester City, but made up for it by claiming the league title in spectacular fashion. That season also saw a record attendance of 51,385, a record which still stands to this day.

First Division

League table

FA Cup

Appearances

References
Pompey Match Results Season: 1948/49 Division One

Category:Portsmouth F.C. seasons
Portsmouth
Category:English football championship-winning seasons


Spodnja Hajdina

Spodnja Hajdina () is a settlement in the Municipality of Hajdina in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Part of the Roman settlement of Poetovio with Mithraic temples and a burial ground has been excavated at an archaeological site near the present-day settlement.

References

External links
Spodnja Hajdina at Geopedia

Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Hajdina


Trofim Lysenko

Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (, , Trokhym Denysovych Lysenko; 20 November 1976) was a Soviet agronomist and biologist. As a student Lysenko found himself interested in agriculture, where he worked on a few different projects, one involving the effects of temperature variation on the life-cycle of plants. This later led him to consider how he might use this work to convert winter wheat into spring wheat. He named the process "jarovization" in Russian, and later translated it as "vernalization". Lysenko was a strong proponent of soft inheritance and rejected Mendelian genetics in favor of pseudoscientific ideas termed Lysenkoism.

His experimental research in improved crop yields earned him the support of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, especially following the famine and loss of productivity resulting from crop failures and forced collectivization in several regions of the Soviet Union in the early 1930s. In 1940, Lysenko became director of the Institute of Genetics within the USSR's Academy of Sciences, and the exercise of political influence and power further secured his anti-Mendelian doctrines in Soviet science and education.

Soviet scientists who refused to renounce genetics were dismissed from their posts and left destitute. Hundreds if not thousands of others were imprisoned. Several were sentenced to death as enemies of the state, including the botanist Nikolai Vavilov. Scientific dissent from Lysenko's theories of environmentally acquired inheritance was formally outlawed in the Soviet Union in 1948. Though Lysenko remained at his post in the Institute of Genetics until 1965, his influence on Soviet agricultural practice had declined after the death of Stalin in 1953.

Early rise
The son of Denis and Oksana Lysenko, Trofim Lysenko was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian ethnicity in Karlivka, Poltava Governorate (present-day Poltava Oblast, Ukraine) on 29 September 1898.

As a young man working at the Kiev Agricultural Institute (now the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine), Lysenko worked on converting winter wheat into spring wheat. The conversion of winter wheat into spring wheat was not a new discovery. Scientific experiments had been done by Nikolai Vavilov. It was Vavilov who initially supported Lysenko and encouraged him on his work. Lysenko had a difficult time trying to grow various crops (such as peas and wheat), through the harsh winters. However, when he announced success, he was praised in the Soviet newspaper Pravda for his claims to have discovered a method to fertilize fields without using fertilizers or minerals, and to have shown that a winter crop of peas could be grown in Azerbaijan, "turning the barren fields of the Transcaucasus green in winter, so that cattle will not perish from poor feeding, and the peasant Turk will live through the winter without trembling for tomorrow."

Lysenko argued that there is not only competition, but also mutual assistance among individuals within a species, and that mutual assistance also exists between different species.

According to Lysenko,

Work in agriculture
Lysenko worked with different wheat crops to try to convert them to grow in different seasons. Another area Lysenko found himself interested in was the effect of heat on plant growth. He believed that every plant needed a determinate amount of heat throughout its lifetime. He attempted to correlate the time and the amount of heat required by a particular plant to go through various phases of development. To get his data he looked at the amount of growth, how many days went by, and the temperature on those days. In trying to determine the effects, he made a small statistical reasoning error. This is a general trend that can be seen throughout the majority of his works and his major "findings". He was confronted by Maksimov, who was an expert on thermal plant development. Lysenko did not take well to this or any criticism.  After this encounter, Lysenko boldly claimed that mathematics had no place in biology.

Vernalization

In 1927, at the age of 29, working at an agricultural experiment station in Azerbaijan, Lysenko embarked on the research that would lead to his 1928 paper on vernalization, which drew wide attention because of its potential practical implications for Soviet agriculture. Severe cold and lack of winter snow had destroyed many early winter-wheat seedlings. By treating wheat seeds with moisture as well as cold, Lysenko induced them to bear a crop when planted in spring. Lysenko coined the term "Jarovization" (яровизация) to describe this chilling process, which he used to make the seeds of winter cereals behave like spring cereals. (Because spring cereals are called Jarovoe in Russian – from jarovój, an archaic adjective meaning spring, especially in relation to crops). However, this method had already been known by farmers since the 1800s, and had recently been discussed in detail by Gustav Gassner in 1918. Lysenko himself translated Jarovization as "vernalization" (from the Latin vernum meaning Spring). Lysenko's claims for increased yields were based on plantings over a few hectares, and he believed that the vernalized transformation could be inherited, that the offspring of a vernalized plant would themselves possess the capabilities of the generation that preceded itthat it too would be able to withstand harsh winters or imperfect weather conditions.

Lysenko's genetic theory

Lysenko rejected Mendelian genetic inheritance theory in favor of his own logic. He believed Gregor Mendel's theory to be too reactionary or idealist. Lysenko's ideas were a mixture of his own and those of Russian agronomist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, indeed Lysenko often referred to his ideas as "Michurinism". They were not directly derived from established ideas such as Mendelian genetics theory, Lamarckism or Darwinism. He shaped his genetic concepts to support the simple practical purpose of breeding and improving crops. His ideas were also shaped with the caution to disprove other claims made by his fellow geneticists. His ideas and genetic claims later began to be termed "Lysenkoism". He claimed that his ideas were not associated with Lamarckism and that they were unique but that is not entirely true. It is possible to see that there are similarities between the two ideas, such as a belief in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Some of Lysenko's ideas can also seem to be vitalistic. He claimed that plants are self-sacrificing − they do not die to a lack of sunlight or moisture but so that healthy ones may live and when they die they deposit themselves over the growing roots to help the new generation survive.

Lysenko believed that in one generation of a hybridized crop, the desired individual could be selected, mated again and continue to produce the same desired product, not worrying about separation/segregation in future breeds. For that to work, he had to assume that after a lifetime of developing (acquiring) the best set of traits to survive, those were passed down to the next generation. That assumption disregarded the potential for variation or mutation. Lysenko did not believe that genes or DNA existed and only spoke about them to say that they did not exist. He instead believed that any body, once alive, obtained heredity. That meant that the entirety of the body was able to pass on the hereditary information of that organism, and was not dependent on a special element such as DNA or genes. That puzzled biologists at that time because it went against all established notions of heredity and inheritance. It also contradicted the Mendelian principles that most biologists had been using to base their ideas on.  Most scientists believed that Lysenko's ideas were not credible, because they did not truly explain the mechanisms of inheritance. Biologists now consider that his beliefs are pseudo-scientific, with little relationship to genetics.

Another of Lysenko's theories was that obtaining more milk from cows did not depend on their genetics but on how they were treated. The better they were handled and taken care of, the more milk would be obtained; Lysenko and his followers were well known for taking very good care of their livestock. Lysenko claimed that the cuckoo was born when young birds such as warblers were fed hairy caterpillars by the parent (rather than host) birds; this claim failed to recognise that the cuckoos he described were brood parasites. Lysenkoites believed that fertilization was not random, but that there was specific selection of the best mate. For reasons like these, Lysenkoism can be viewed as pseudo-scientific.

After World War II ended, Lysenko took an interest in the works of Olga Lepeshinskaya, an older feldsher and biologist, who claimed to be able to create cells from egg yolk and non-cellular matter. Lepeshinskaya recognized common ground between her ideas and Lysenko's. By combining both of their ideas it was possible to proclaim that cells could grow from non-cellular material and that the predicted ratios of Mendelian genetics and meiosis were incorrect, thus undermining the basis of modern cytology, as well as genetics.

Consequences of Lysenkoism

Lysenko forced farmers to plant seeds very close together since, according to his "law of the life of species", plants from the same "class" never compete with one another. Lysenko played an active role in the famines that killed millions of Soviet people and his practices prolonged and exacerbated the food shortages. The Soviet Union's allies suffered under Lysenkoism, too. Communist China adopted his methods in the late 1950s and endured even bigger famines. Peasants were reduced to eating tree bark and bird droppings. At least 30 million died of starvation.

Outside the Soviet Union, scientists spoke critically: British biologist S. C. Harland lamented that Lysenko was "completely ignorant of the elementary principles of genetics and plant physiology" (Bertram Wolfe, 2017). Criticism from foreigners did not sit well with Lysenko, who loathed Western "bourgeois" scientists and denounced them as tools of imperialist oppressors. He especially detested the American-born practice of studying fruit flies, the workhorse of modern genetics. He called such geneticists "fly lovers and people haters".

Unable to silence Western critics, Lysenko tried to eliminate all dissent within the Soviet Union. Scientists who refused to renounce genetics found themselves at the mercy of the secret police. The lucky ones simply got dismissed from their posts and were left destitute. Hundreds if not thousands of others were rounded up and dumped into prisons or psychiatric hospitals. Several were sentenced to death as enemies of the state or starved in their jail cells (most notably the botanist Nikolai Vavilov). Before the 1930s, the Soviet Union had a strong genetics community. Lysenko gutted it, and by some accounts set Russian biology and agronomy back a half-century.

Politics

During the early and mid twentieth century the Soviet Union went through war and revolution. Political oppression caused tension within the state but also promoted the flourishing of science. This was possible due to the flow of resources and demand for results. Lysenko aimed to manipulate various plants such as wheat and peas to increase their production, quality, and quantity. However, Lysenko in particular more so impressed political officials with his success in motivating peasants to return to farming.

The Soviet Union's collectivist reforms forced the confiscation of agricultural landholdings from peasant farmers and heavily damaged the country's overall food production, and the dispossessed peasant farmers posed new problems for the regime. Many had abandoned the farms altogether; many more waged resistance to collectivization by poor work quality and pilfering. The dislocated and disenchanted peasant farmers were a major political concern to the USSR's leadership. Lysenko became prominent during this period by advocating radical but unproven agricultural methods, and also promising that the new methods provided wider opportunities for year-round work in agriculture. He proved himself very useful to the Soviet leadership by reengaging peasants to return to work, helping to secure from them a personal stake in the overall success of the Soviet revolutionary experiment.

Lysenko's success at encouraging farmers to return to working their lands impressed Stalin, who also approved of Lysenko's poor background, as Stalin stood with the proletariat. By the late 1920s, the USSR's leaders had given their support to Lysenko. This support was a consequence, in part, of policies put in place by the Communist Party to rapidly promote members of the proletariat into leadership positions in agriculture, science and industry. Party officials were looking for promising candidates with backgrounds similar to Lysenko's: born of a peasant family, without formal academic training or affiliations to the academic community. Due to close partnership between Stalin and Lysenko, Lysenko acquired an influence over genetics in the Soviet Union during the early and mid twentieth century. Lysenko eventually became the director of Genetics for the Academy of Sciences, which gave him even more control over genetics. He remained in the position for several years until some time after the fall of Stalin and later Nikita Khruschchev, when he was relieved of his duties.

Lysenkoism also played well into the Soviet theme occurring at that time, which was to "create the new Soviet man". The logic was that if people are able to inherit the acquired characteristics, it could be possible to create a better society. This led the leaders of the Soviet Union to hope that peasants could be turned into exceptional citizens. However, this was never one of Lysenko's intentions; he strongly opposed genetic engineering of humans and the eugenics movement.

After Stalin
Following Stalin's death in 1953, Lysenko retained his position, with the support of the new leader Nikita Khrushchev. However, mainstream scientists re-emerged, and found new willingness within Soviet government leadership to tolerate criticism of Lysenko, the first opportunity since the late 1920s. In 1962, three of the most prominent Soviet physicists, Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Vitaly Ginzburg, and Pyotr Kapitsa, presented a case against Lysenko, proclaiming his work as pseudoscience. They also denounced Lysenko's application of political power to silence opposition and eliminate his opponents within the scientific community. These denunciations occurred during a period of structural upheaval in Soviet government, during which the major institutions were purged of the strictly ideological and political machinations which had controlled the work of the Soviet Union's scientific community for several decades under Stalin.

In 1964, physicist Andrei Sakharov spoke out against Lysenko in the General Assembly of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR:

The Soviet press was soon filled with anti-Lysenkoite articles and appeals for the restoration of scientific methods to all fields of biology and agricultural science. In 1965, Lysenko was removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Academy of Sciences and restricted to an experimental farm in Moscow's Lenin Hills (the Institute itself was soon dissolved). After Khrushchev's dismissal in 1964, the president of the Academy of Sciences declared that Lysenko's immunity to criticism had officially ended. An expert commission was sent to investigate records kept at Lysenko's experimental farm. His secretive methods and ideas were revealed. A few months later, a devastating critique of Lysenko was made public. Consequently, Lysenko was immediately disgraced in the Soviet Union.

After Lysenko's monopoly on biology and agronomy had ended, it took many years for these sciences to recover in Russia. Lysenko died in Moscow in 1976, and was ultimately interred in the Kuntsevo Cemetery, although the Soviet government refused to announce Lysenko's death for two days after the event and gave his passing only a small note in Izvestia.

Works
Heredity and Its Variability (1945)
The Science of Biology Today (1948)

See also
 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
 VASKhNIL

References

Further reading
 William deJong-Lambert. The Cold War Politics of Genetic Research (Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012)
 Graham, Loren. Lysenko's Ghost:  Epigenetics and Russia (Cambridge:  Harvard University Press, 2016). online review
 Graham, Loren, Science in Russia and the Soviet Union, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
 Graham, Loren, What Have We Learned About Science and Technology from the Russian Experience?, (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1998).
 Joravsky, David, The Lysenko Affair, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970).
 Lecourt, Dominique, Proletarian Science ? : The Case of Lysenko, (London: NLB; Atlantic Highlands, N.J. : Humanities Press, 1977). (A Marxist, though anti-Stalinist, history of Lysenkoism)
 Lysenko, Trofim, The Science of Biology Today, (New York: International Publishers, 1948). Text of an address "evoked by the international discussion of the subject of inheritance of acquired characteristics," according to an introductory note. Delivered before a session of a meeting of the V.I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences on 31 July 1948, when Lysenko, its president, was at the apex of his power. [For an online version of the text see the Lysenko "Report" provided in the External Links section, below.]
 Medvedev, Zhores, The Rise and Fall of T.D. Lysenko, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969)
 Soyfer, Valery N., Lysenko and the Tragedy of Soviet Science, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
 Gardner, Martin: Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science (1957) (Revised and expanded edition of the work originally published in 1952 under the title In the Name of Science). Dover Publications, New York. See Chapter 12 (Lysenkoism).

External links

 Lysenkoism in The Sceptic's Dictionary
 Trofim Denisovich Lysenko by Hugo S. Cunningham
 Ronald Fisher (1948). What Sort of Man is Lysenko? Listener, 40: 874–75 – contemporary commentary by a British evolutionary biologist (pdf format)
 Letter from Lysenko's parents to Stalin, Pravda, 3 January 1936.
 Lecourt, Dominique, Proletarian Science? The Case of Lysenko (1977), Atlantic Highlands, Humanities Press, London, this digital edition first published 2003 (A Marxist, though anti-Stalinist, history of Lysenkoism)
 BBC program (In Our Time) on Lysenko

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2008 FIU Golden Panthers football team

The 2008 FIU Golden Panthers football team represented Florida International University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Mario Cristobal and played their homes games at the on-campus FIU Stadium.

Regular season
The 2008 season started off with a loss at 13th-ranked Kansas, 40–10. Following that, Iowa routed FIU, 42–0. FIU then faced its highest-ranked opponent in school history, 12th-ranked South Florida, for the inaugural game of the new FIU Stadium. Trailing 17-0 with 2:30 left in the game FIU attained a safety, and subsequently scored a touchdown. FIU lost, 17–9, but played acted as a spoiler for South Florida, with the latter falling three spots in the rankings. The game against Toledo became their first-ever out-of-conference FBS win. Against, Toledo, FIU forced four turnovers and recorded its first road win since 2005.

Schedule

Coaching staff

See also
 FIU Golden Panthers football
 FIU Golden Panthers
 FIU Stadium
 FIU

Game summaries

Kansas
Overall: (0-1), Conference: (0-2)

Iowa
Overall: (0-2), Conference: (0-0)

South Florida
Overall: (0-3), Conference: (0-0)

Toledo
Overall: (1-3), Conference: (0-0)

North Texas
Overall: (2-3), Conference: (1-0)

Middle Tennessee
Overall: (3-3), Conference: (2-0)

Troy
Overall: (3-4), Conference: (2-1)

Louisiana-Lafayette
Overall: (3-5), Conference: (2-2)

Arkansas State
Overall: (4-5), Conference: (3-2)

Louisiana-Monroe

Florida Atlantic
Shula Bowl

Western Kentucky

Category:FIU Panthers football seasons
FIU
Category:2008 in sports in Florida


Government Estate metro station

Government Estate metro station is a Metro railway station on the Blue Line of the Chennai Metro. The station is among the underground stations along corridor I of the Chennai Metro, Washermanpet–Chennai International Airport stretch. The station serves the neighbourhoods of Chepauk, Triplicane and Chintadripet.

History

Etymology
The station is named so because of the presence of the Omandurar Government Estate in the vicinity.

Construction

The station
The station was opened for public on 10 February 2019. However, some portions of the construction work remains incomplete on the date of inauguration.

Structure
Government Estate is underground Metro station situated on Blue Line (Chennai Metro).

Station layout

Facilities
List of available ATM at Government Estate metro station are

Connections

Bus
Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) bus routes number 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1J, 2A, 3A, 5C, 6A, 11A, 11G, 18A,  18D, 18E, 18K, 18R, 21, 22B, 26, 26B, 26CUT, 26J, 26M, 26R, 27B, 27BCUT, 27BET, 27E, 32, 38C, 40, 51J, 51P, 52, 52B, 52P, 60, 60A, 60D, 60H, 88A, 118A, 138C, 188, 221, 221H, A1, A51, B18, D51, E18, M21C, M51R, serves the station from nearby Simson bus stand.

Rail
Chintadripet railway station

Entry/Exit

Gallery

See also

 Chennai
 Chintadripet
 Cooum River
 List of Chennai metro stations
 Chennai Metro
 Railway stations in Chennai
 Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System
 Chennai Monorail
 Chennai Suburban Railway
 Chintadripet railway station
 Chennai International Airport
 Transport in Chennai
 Urban rail transit in India
 List of metro systems

References

External links

 UrbanRail.Net – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

Chennai Metro Station
Category:Railway stations in Chennai


Animal day

REDIRECT World Animal Day


Thames (production company)

Thames is a British television production company that was established on 1 January 2012. The name Thames was revived from Thames Television after being inactive for nearly nine years.

History
On 23 November 2011, it was announced that Talkback Thames would split into four separate production companies, which are Boundless, Retort, Talkback and Thames.

Productions
1001 Things You Should Know – A Thames Scotland production for Channel 4.
All Star Family Fortunes – Formerly, a Talkback Thames production for ITV.
Bang on the Money – A Thames production for ITV.
Blankety Blank – A Thames production for ITV.
Blockbusters – A Thames production for Challenge (2012) and later Comedy Central (2019).
Break the Safe – A Thames Scotland production in association with BBC Scotland for BBC One.
Britain's Got Talent – A Thames production in association with SYCO Entertainment for ITV.
Confetti - A Thames production for Facebook Watch.
Let's Get Gold! – A Thames production in association with Superhero TV for ITV.
Rebound! – A Thames production for ITV.
Supermarket Sweep - A Thames production for ITV (2019)
Take Me Out – Formerly, a Talkback Thames production for ITV.
That Dog Can Dance! – A Thames production in association with SYCOtv for ITV.
The Greatest Dancer – A Thames production in association with SYCO Entertainment for BBC One.
The Price is Right – A Thames production for Channel 4.
The X Factor – A Thames production in association with SYCO Entertainment for ITV.

References

External links

Category:RTL Group
Category:Television production companies of the United Kingdom
Category:British companies established in 2012
Category:2012 establishments in England
Category:Companies based in the London Borough of Camden


É (temple)

É (Cuneiform: ) is the Sumerian word or symbol for house or temple.

The Sumerian term  É.GAL  ("palace", literally "big house") denoted a city's main building. É.LUGAL ("king's house") was used synonymously. In the texts of Lagash, the É.GAL is the center of the ensi's administration of the city, and the site of the city archives.
Sumerian É.GAL "palace" is the probable etymology of Semitic words for "palace, temple", such as Hebrew היכל heikhal, and Arabic هيكل haykal. It has thus been speculated that the word É originated from something akin to *hai or *ˀai, especially since the cuneiform sign È is used for /a/ in Eblaite.

The term temen appearing frequently after É in names of ziggurats is translated as "foundation pegs", apparently the first step in the construction process of a house; compare, for example, verses 551–561 of the account of the construction of E-ninnu:

Temen has been occasionally compared to Greek temenos "holy precinct", but since the latter has a well established Indo-European etymology (see temple), the comparison is either mistaken, or at best describes a case of popular etymology or convergence.

In E-temen-an-ki, "the temple of the foundation (pegs) of heaven and earth", temen has been taken to refer to an axis mundi connecting earth to heaven (thus re-enforcing the Tower of Babel connection), but the term re-appears in several other temple names, referring to their physical stability rather than, or as well as, to a mythological world axis; compare the Egyptian notion of Djed.

List of specific temples
E-ab-lu-a - 𒂍𒀖𒇻𒀀, (House with teeming cattle) temple to Suen in Urum
E-ab-šag-a-la - 𒂍𒀊𒊮𒀀𒇲, (House which stretches over the midst of the sea) temple to Ninmarki in Gu-aba
E-abzu - 𒂍𒍪𒀊 , "temple of the abzu" (also E-engura "House of the subterranean waters") temple to Enki in Eridu.
E-ad-da - 𒂍𒀜𒁕, temple to Enlil
E-akkil - 𒂍𒃰𒋺𒋛, (House of lamentation) temple to Ninshubur in Akkil
E-am-kur-kurra - 𒂍𒆳, "temple of the lord of lands" to Bēl in Assur
E-dama-geštin "mother of wine"
E-ama-lamma
E-da-mal, temple in Babylon
E-amaš-azag, "temple of the bright fold" in Dur-ilu
E-ana (House of heaven) temple to Inanna in Uruk
E-an-da-di-a, the ziggurat of Akkad
E-an-ki, "temple of heaven and earth"
E-a-nun, temple of Lugal-girra
E-an-za-kar "temple of the pillar"
E-a-ra-li "temple of the underworld"
E-a-ra-zu-giš-tug "temple of the hearing of prayers"
E-das-dmaḫ "temple of the supreme god"
E-das-ra-tum "temple to the goddess Ashratum"
E-babbar (Shining house) temple to Utu in Larsa
E-bara-igi-e-di "temple of wonders", zigurrat to Dumuzi in Akkad
E-bagara
E-dbau, temple to the goddess Bau in Lagash
E-belit-mati "temple to the mother of the world"
E-bur-sigsig (House with beautiful bowls) temple to Shara in Umma
E-dbur-dsin, temple to the deified king Bur-Sin in Ur
E-dam, built by Ur-Nanshe in Lagash
E-dara-an-na "temple of the darkness of heaven"
E-di-kud-kalam-ma "temple of the judge of the world"
E-Dilmuna "temple of Dilmun" in Ur
E-dim-an-na "temple of the bond of heaven", built by Nebuchadnezzar for Sin
E-dim-gal-abzu in Lagash
E-dim-gal-kalama (House which is the great pole of the Land) temple to Ishtaran in Der
E-du-azaga "temple of the brilliant shrine", to Marduk
E-du-kug (House of the sheer heap) in Eridu, Nippur
E-dub (Storage house) temple to Zababa in Kish (Sumer)
E-dubba, scribal schools
E-duga
E-dumi-zi-abzu, to Tammuz, destroyed in the time of Urukagina
E-ddun-gi, temple to the deified king Dungi
E-dur-gi-na "temple of the lasting abode", built by Nebuchadnezzar
E-de-a, shrine to Ea (Enki) at Khorsabad built by Sargon.
E-engura (House of the subterranean waters, also "E-abzu") temple to Enki in Eridu
E-ešdam-kug in Girsu
E-gida (Long house) temple to Ninazu in Enegir
E-gud-du-shar (House with numerous perfect oxen) temple of Ningublaga in Ki-abrig
E-ĝa-duda (House, chamber of the mound) temple to Shu-zi-ana in Nga-gi-mah
E-ĝa-ĝiš-šua
E-ĝalga-sud (House which spreads counsel far and wide) temple to Bau (goddess) in Iri-kug
E-ĝeštug-Nisaba (House of the Wisdom of Nisaba) in Ur
E-ĝipar in Uruk
E-ĝiškešda-kalama (The House which is the bond of the Land) temple to Nergal in Kutha
E-ḫamun (The House of Harmony)
E-ḫursaĝ (The House which is a hill) of Shulgi in Ur
E-ḫuš
E-ibe-Anu, temple to Urash in Dilbat
E-igi-kalama (House which is the eye of the Land) of Lugal-Marad to Ninurta in Marad
E-igi-šu-galam
E-igi-zi(d)-bar-ra, temple to Ningirsu, built by Entemena
E-igizu-uru (House, your face is mighty) temple to Ninshubur in Akkil
E-Iri-kug
E-itida-buru
E-kiš-nu-ĝal (House sending light to the earth (?)) temple to Nanna in Ur
E-kug-nuna temple to Inanna in Uruk
E-kur "mountain temple" to Enlil in Nippur
E-ku-nin-azag "temple of the brilliant goddess" in Girsu
E-maḫ (Great house) temple to Shara in Umma
E-maḫ (Great house) temple to Ninhursanga in Adab.
E-me-ur-ana (House which gathers the divine powers of heaven) temple to Ninurta in Nippur
E-me-urur
E-melem-ḫuš (House of terrifying radiance) temple to Nuska in Nippur
E-mešlam, temple of Nergal
E-mu-maḫ (House with a great name)
E-mud-kura, in Ur
E-muš (House which is the precinct) or E-mush-kalama, temple to Lulal in Bad-tibira
E-namtila
E-ni-guru
E-nin.gara
E-ninnu (House of 50), temple to Ningirsu in Lagash
E-a-mer, the ziggurat of E-ninnu
E-nun, the abzu in Eridu
E-nun-ana (House of the prince of heaven), temple to Utu in Sippar
E-nutura
E-puḫruma
E-sag-il "temple that raises its head", the temple of Marduk in Babylon, according to the Enuma elish home to all the gods under the patronage of Marduk.
E-saĝ-ila
E-sara (Cuneiform: E2SAR.A) "House of the Universe" dedicated to Inanna in Uruk by Ur-Nammu
E-sikil (Maiden house) temple to Ninazu in Eshnunna
E-sila
E-Sirara
E-šag-ḫula, in Kazallu
E-šara, in Adab
E-šeg-meše-du, in Isin
E-šenšena, to Ninlil
E-šerzid-guru (House clad in splendour) temple to Inanna in Zabala
E-šu-me-ša (House which deals being rouge)
E-suga (Merry house)
E-tar-sirsir
E-temen-anki "temple of the foundation of heaven and earth", the ziggurat to Marduk in Babylon
E-temen-ni-guru, main ziggurat of Ur
E-tilla-maḫ
E-Tummal (Tummal House), temple to Ninlil in Nippur
E-tur-kalama
E-uduna, built by Amar-Suena
E-Ulmaš, in Akkad
E-unir (House of gaze reach) temple to Enki in Eridu
E-uru-ga
E-zagin (Lapis lazuli house), temple to Nisaba in Uruk
E-zi-Kalam-ma, to Inanna in Zabala, built by Hammurabi

See also

Ziggurat
Bayt, Bethel (Israel), Bethel (god)
Temenos

Notes

References
The building of Ningirsu's temple: composite text (translation), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
Abraham and the City of Ur, The Book of the Cave of Treasures (1927)

Temple
E2
Category:Cuneiform determinatives


Kembla Grange Classic

The Kembla Grange Classic, registered as the Keith F Nolan Classic, is an Illawarra Turf Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race, for three-year-old fillies, at set weights with penalties, over a distance of 1600 metres, held annually at Kembla Grange Racecourse in New South Wales, Australia in March. Total prize money for the race is A$200,000 including trophies.

History

The registered race is named after Keith F. Nolan, founding chairman of the Illawarra Turf Club and was instrumental in saving the Kembla Grange racecourse and establishing it as one of the premier provincial race tracks in New South Wales. The Illawarra Turf Club named a new grandstand after him - the Keith F. Nolan Stand - and named a feature race, the Keith F. Nolan Classic. Keith F. Nolan died in 2005 at the age of 76.

Name
 2003–2015 - Keith F Nolan Classic
 2016 - Arrowfield Kembla Grange Classic

Grade
 2003–2009 - Listed Race
 2010 onwards - Group 3

Venue
The 2011 race was run at Rosehill Gardens Racecourse after the scheduled race meeting at Kembla Grange was abandoned due to the track condition.
The distance of the race at Rosehill was 1800 metres.

Winners

 2019 - Pohutukawa
 2018 - Luvaluva
 2017 - Dawn Wall
 2016 - Single Gaze
 2015 - Slightly Sweet
 2014 - Zanbagh
 2013 - Cameo
 2012 - Appearance
 2011 - Brazilian Pulse
 2010 - Slapstick
 2009 - Allez Wonder
 2008 - Bernicia
 2007 - Hot Danish
 2006 - Pasikatera
 2005 - Ponte Piccolo
 2004 - La Nikita
 2003 - Ain't Seen Nothin'

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

References

Category:Horse races in Australia
Category:Sport in New South Wales


2012 Leiknir R. season

The 2012 season was the club's 39th year since its establishment and its 7th consecutive season in the 1st division. The team was predicted to finish in 4th place before the season; after a difficult season the team ended up in 10th place, narrowly avoiding relegation by a win in the last round.

Willum Þór Þórsson was appointed manager at the start of the season, but his association with the club would be broken off in July after a disappointing season. Gunnar Einarsson former assistant manager was appointed interim manager until the end of the season along with Davíð Snorri Jónasson as his assistant.

Squad

First team squad

Source : 1st Division squad 2012

Transfers

Players In

Players Out

Loans in

Loans Out

Pre-season
Leiknir started the pre-season with a couple of impressive results in Reykjavik Cup against rather strong teams. In their first match Leiknir defeated Víkingur R. 2–1. Leiknir followed that win by defeating their rivals ÍR 3–0. Next game they lost 6–3 to KR in an exciting match. Their last match against Fram finished 1–1 leaving Leiknir in 3rd place in their group, level on points with KR but with a weaker goal difference and therefor not qualifying from the group. Fram went on to win the cup.
Leiknir finished 5th in their group in the League Cup.

Reykjavik Cup

Matches

League Cup

Table

Matches

1st Division

League table

Results summary

Matches

Last updated: 22 September 2012Source: KSI.is

Icelandic Cup

Matches

Statistics

Appearances and goals

|-

Clean sheets
Includes all competitive matches.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!width=15|
!width=15|
!width=15|
!width=15|
!width=150|Name
!width=80|1st Division
!width=80|Cup
!width=80|League Cup
!width=80|Reykjavik Cup
!width=80|Total
!width=80|Games
!width=80|Ratio
|-
|1
|22
|GK
|
|Eyjólfur Tómasson
|3
|0
|0
|1
|4
|23
|0,174
|-
|2
|22
|GK
|
|Ásgeir Þór Magnússon
|1
| –
| –
| –
|1
|11
|0,091
|-
|3
|1
|GK
|
|Þorvaldur Rúnarsson
| –
| –
|1
| –
|1
|0+2
|0,5
|-
|colspan="4"|
|TOTALS
|4
|0
|1
|1
|6
|34
|0,176

Goals Conceded
Includes all competitive matches.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!width=15|
!width=15|
!width=15|
!width=15|
!width=150|Name
!width=80|1st Division
!width=80|Cup
!width=80|League Cup
!width=80|Reykjavik Cup
!width=80|Total Conceded
!width=80|Games
!width=80|Ratio
|-
|1
|22
|GK
|
|Eyjólfur Tómasson
|17
|3
|15
|8
|43
|23
|1,87
|-
|2
|22
|GK
|
|Ásgeir Þór Magnússon
|17
| –
| –
| –
|17
|11
|1,55
|-
|3
|1
|GK
|
|Þorvaldur Rúnarsson
| –
| –
|2
| –
|2
|0+2
|1
|-
|colspan="4"|
|TOTALS
|36
|3
|17
|8
|64
|34
|1,88

Overall
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Games played || 35 (22 – 1st Division, 2 Icelandic Cup, 7 League Cup, 4 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Games won || 11 (6 – 1st Division, 1 Icelandic Cup, 2 League Cup, 2 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Games drawn || 10 (7 – 1st Division, 2 Icelandic Cup, 1 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Games lost || 14 (9 – 1st Division, 1 Icelandic Cup, 3 League Cup, 1 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Goals scored || 57 (33 – 1st Division, 4 Icelandic Cup, 11 League Cup, 9 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Goals conceded || 64 (36 – 1st Division 3 Icelandic Cup, 17 League Cup, 8 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Goal difference || −7 (−3 – 1st Division, +1 Icelandic Cup, −6 League Cup, +1 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Clean sheets || 6 (4 – 1st Division, 1 Icelandic Cup, 1 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Yellow cards || 68 (45 – 1st Division, 4 Icelandic Cup, 15 League Cup, 4 Reykjavik Cup)
|-
|Red cards || 4 (4 – 1st Division)
|-
|Worst discipline || Óttar Bjarni Guðmundsson (14 )
|-
|Best result(s) || W 6 – 1 (H) v Höttur – 1st Division – 13 July 2012
|-
|Worst result(s) || L 1 – 5 (H) v Þór Akureyri – 1st Division – 22 July 2012
|-
|Most appearances || Hilmar Árni Halldórsson with 34 appearances
|-
|Top scorer(s) ||  Ólafur Hrannar Kristjánsson (13 goals)
|-

Key dates
12 October 2011: Willum Þór Þórsson is appointed as the new manager on a two-year contract
25 October 2011: Andri Steinn Birgisson Joins Leiknir from Keflavík.
19 November 2011: Gunnar Einarsson rejoins Leiknir as an assistant manager
16 January 2012: Sigursteinn Gíslason former manager and a significant person to the club lost his battle with cancer
9 May 2012: Leiknir predicted 4th place for the oncoming season by Fotbolti.net
12 May 2012: First game of the season is a 2–0 loss to Þór
22 June 2012: Leiknir get their first win of the season in the seventh round away against Víkingur Ó. 0–1
30 June 2012: Manager Willum Þór Þórsson is shown the red card in a 1–1 draw against Tindastóll, his second of the season.
7 July 2012: Leiknir hit bottom of the table after a 4–3 loss against BÍ/Bolungarvík
13 July 2012: Ólafur Hrannar Kristjánsson scores a hattrick in a 6–1 win against Höttur.
17 July 2012: Away loss against rivals ÍR 2–1. Eyjólfur Tómasson is shown the red card in the 90th minute.
1 September 2012: Leiknis faces relegation after a 2–1 away loss against Tindastóll.
3 September 2012: Willum Þór Þórsson is sacked after disappointing results, Gunnar Einarsson is appointed interim manager until the end of the season
15 September 2012: Leiknir gets out of relegation zone before the final round and gains 1 point advantage on Höttur after defeating them 3–2.
22 September 2012: Leiknir secures its place in the 1st division after a 2–0 home win against ÍR in the last round. ÍR is relegated.

References

Leiknir R


Arms shipments from Czechoslovakia to Israel 1947–49

Between June 1947 and October 31, 1949 the Jewish agency (later to become the Israeli government) seeking weapons for Operation Balak, made several purchases of weapons in Czechoslovakia, some of them of former German army weapons, captured by the Czechoslovak army on its national territory, or newly produced German weapons from Czechoslovakia's post-war production.
In this deal, sale activities of Czechoslovak arms factories were coordinated by a special-purpose department of the Československé závody strojírenské a kovodělné, n.p. (Czechoslovak Metal-Working and Engineering Works, Nat.Ent.) Holding, called Sekretariát D (Secretariat D), headed by Gen. Jan Heřman (ret.).

The deliveries from Czechoslovakia proved important for the establishment of Israel.

The arms contracts and deliveries

The first contract was signed on January 14, 1948, by Jan Masaryk, the Czech foreign minister. Ideology played no role in these initial transaction. They were exclusively commercial.
The contract included 200 MG 34 machine guns, 4,500 P 18 rifles and 50,400,000 rounds of ammunition.

Syria bought from Czechoslovakia a quantity of arms for the Arab Liberation Army but the shipment arrived in Israel due to Haganah  intervention.

After the Communist coup d'état in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, military support for the nascent state of Israel increased temporarily. However, Stalin's briefly held policy of support for the state of Israel soon evaporated, and in the wake of the Tito–Stalin split, all Communist Parties had to put their foreign policy in lockstep with the Kremlin's to prove their loyalty. In this context the Czechoslovak Communists ended weapons sales to Israel. Subsequently, Stalin carried out an international purge of Communist Party officials suspected of sympathy for nationalist or Jewish variations of communism. The Communist foreign minister Vladimír Clementis, who had been the main supporter in the Czechoslovak government of the arms exports to Israel, fell victim to this purge in the Slánský trial.

Deliveries
The first shipment of two hundred rifles, forty MG-34 machine guns, and bullets, secretly landed during the night of 31 March–1 April at a makeshift airfield at Beit Daras in a chartered American Skymaster cargo plane. The second larger shipment, covered with onions and potatoes— of forty-five hundred rifles and two hundred machine guns, with bullets, arrived at Tel Aviv port aboard the Nora on 2 April. (A third shipment of ten thousand rifles, 1,415 machine guns, and bullets, reached the Yishuv by sea on 28 April.) At last, the Haganah command had at hand a stockpile of thousands of weapons that it could freely deploy. The two shipments proved decisive. Without doubt, of all the shipments that subsequently reached the Yishuv, none was to have greater immediate impact or historical significance."

Total deliveries (confirmed until October 1948)
Infantry weapons
34,500 P-18 rifles
5,515 MG 34 machine guns with 10,000 ammo belts
10,000 vz.24 bayonets
900 vz. 37 heavy machine guns
500 vz. 27 pistols
12 ZK-383 submachine guns
10 ZK 420 semi-automatic rifles
500 vz. 26 light machine guns (shipped, yet delivery not confirmed in Czech sources)

Infantry ammunition
91,500,000 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridges
15,000,000 9mm Parabellum cartridges
375,000 13mm cartridges for MG 131
150,000 20mm cartridges for MG 151
375,000 7.65mm cartridges for vz. 27 pistol

Aircraft

25 Avia S-199 fighters
61 Supermarine Spitfire Mk. IX fighters

Some of the aircraft were lost en route to Israel. The delivery of aircraft began on May 20, 1948, and was conducted from the Czech airfield near the town of Žatec.
Some of Avia fighters were dismantled and flown to Israel in transport airplanes.

Some of the deliveries were not finished until after cessation of hostilities. Only eighteen Spitfires reached Israel prior to end of war by direct flight from Czechoslovakia during operations Velvetta 1 in September (6 planes) and Velvetta 2 in December 1948 (12 planes), both operations with a refueling stop in Yugoslavia.
During operation Velvetta 2 Spitfires were repainted in Yugoslav Air Force markings for the flight from Kunovice to Nikšić.
The rest were shipped in crates, officially declared as scrap iron, along with 12 Merlin 66 engines, and deliveries lasted until the end of April 1950.

Other defense cooperation
Czechoslovakia also trained 81 pilots and 69 ground crew specialists, some of them later forming the first fighter unit of the Israeli Air Force, and on Czechoslovakian soil a group of Jewish volunteers the size of approximately a brigade (about 1,300 men and women) were also trained, from August 20, 1948 until November 4, 1948. The Czechoslovak Armed Force's codename of the training (mainly) was «DI» (an abbreviation from "Důvěrné Israel", literally meaning "Classified, Israel"). A Moto-Mechanized Brigade Group of Jewish volunteers trained in Czechoslovakia didn't take part in the 1948 war.

References

Sources
Jan Skramoušský: Zbraně pro Izrael, Střelecký Magazín 11/2005
Arnold Krammer: The Forgotten Friendship - Israel and the Soviet Bloc, 1947–53, University of Illinois Press 1974pp. 54–123.

External links
101st Israeli Fighter Squadron History

Category:Foreign relations of Israel
Category:Foreign relations of Czechoslovakia
Category:Non-combat military operations involving Israel
Category:Military history of Czechoslovakia
Category:Israel–Soviet Union relations
Category:1948 in Israel
Category:1947 in Czechoslovakia
Category:1948 in Czechoslovakia
Category:1949 in Czechoslovakia
Category:1949 in Israel
Category:1947 in international relations
Category:1948 in international relations
Category:1949 in international relations
Category:Weapons trade
Category:Czechoslovakia–Israel relations


Alzing

Alzing () is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Moselle department

References
 INSEE statistics

Category:Communes of Moselle (department)


Peter Charles Gaillard

Peter Charles Gaillard was the thirty-eighth mayor of Charleston, South Carolina, serving in 1865-1868. He was the last mayor elected before the Civil War.

He died on January 11, 1889, and is buried at Magnolia Cemetery.

References

Category:Confederate States Army officers
Category:Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina
Category:1812 births
Category:1889 deaths
Category:19th-century American politicians
Category:United States Army officers
Category:United States Military Academy alumni


Eric Norin

Eric Norin (born October 22, 1991) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player, currently playing with Almtuna IS in the HockeyAllsvenskan. He played with AIK IF in the Elitserien during the 2010–11 Elitserien season.

Norin began playing ice hockey in IFK Täby, in northern Stockholm. He then moved to Stocksund IF´s under-18 team, he played one season for Stocksund J18 during the 2007-08 season. The season 2008–09 he moved to AIK J18. This season the team became J18 Allsvenskan Champions by defeating Skellefteå AIK in the finals. The team became AIK´s first J18 team ever to win the Championship in AIK history. Norin also had a successful season 2010-11 in AIK J20 SuperElit, scoring 10 goals and 27 points in 39 games, as well as 2 points in 5 games in the Elitserien.

References

External links

Category:1991 births
Category:AIK IF players
Category:Almtuna IS players
Category:Living people
Category:Swedish ice hockey defencemen
Category:People from Täby Municipality


Castlelost Castle

Castlelost Castle () is a ruined motte-and-bailey castle located in the townland of Castlelost, just north of Rochfortbridge in County Westmeath, Ireland. The castle dates to the Norman invasion of Ireland, with some sources dating its construction to the late 12th century and associating it with Hugh Tyrrel (died 1199). The castle remained within the Tyrrel family through the 16th century. During the 17th century the castle and surrounding lands were lost by the Tyrrels during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and subsequent Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

The only visible features still on the site are the ruined tower house as well as a small nearby motte. The castle, its motte and the remnants of a nearby bailey (courtyard) are listed on the Record of Monuments and Places for County Westmeath.

See also
 Castlelost (civil parish)

References

Category:Irish castle stubs
Category:Castles in Ireland
Category:Castles in County Westmeath


Governor of Indiana

The Governor of Indiana is the Head of government and Head of State of the state of Indiana. The governor is elected to a four-year term, and responsible for overseeing the day-to-day management of the functions of many agencies of the Indiana state government. The governor also shares power with other statewide executive officers, who manage other state government agencies. The governor works out of the Indiana Statehouse and holds official functions at the Indiana Governor's Residence in the state capital of Indianapolis.

The 51st, and current, governor is Republican Eric Holcomb, who took office on January 9, 2017.

The position of governor has developed over the course of two centuries. It has become considerably more powerful since the mid-20th century after decades of struggle with the Indiana General Assembly and Indiana Supreme Court to establish the executive branch of the government as an equal third branch of the state government. Although gubernatorial powers were again significantly expanded by constitutional amendments during the 1970s, Indiana governors remain significantly less powerful than their counterparts in most other states.

Office

Authority

The governor's powers are established in Article V of the Constitution of Indiana. Constitutionally, the governor has very limited executive authority to manage the government of the state; most exercisable powers over state agencies are held by independent elected cabinet heads.

The governor works in concert with the state legislature (the bicameral Indiana General Assembly, consisting of the Indiana House of Representatives and the Indiana Senate) and the state supreme court (the Supreme Court of Indiana) to govern the state. The governor has the power to veto legislation passed by the General Assembly. If vetoed, a bill is returned to the General Assembly for reconsideration. Unlike other states, most of which require a two-thirds supermajority to override a veto, the Indiana General Assembly may override the veto with an absolute majority vote in both chambers.

One of the governor's most important political powers is the ability to call a special session of the General Assembly. During a two-year period, the assembly can meet on its own for no more than 91 days, and this often prevents them from passing all the legislation they intend to. This can give the governor considerable influence in the body which will often compromise on issues with him or her in exchange for a special legislative session.

Among his other powers, the governor can call out the state defense force (the Indiana Guard Reserve) or the Indiana National Guard in times of emergency or disaster. The governor is also charged with the enforcement of all the state's laws and the Indiana Code through the Indiana State Police. The governor also has the ability to grant a pardon or commutation of sentence of any person convicted of a crime in the state, except in cases of treason or impeachment.

In addition to constitutional powers, governors also have a considerable degree of statutory authority. Most of the authority exercised by governors on a daily basis is derived from statute, giving the General Assembly a great degree of power to expand or contract the governor's authority. Historically, the party in control of the General Assembly would reassign control of agencies from the governor or to the governor based his party affiliation, and the party affiliation of the cabinet heads, which at times has left the governor with no direct control over state agencies.

The governor also can influence the state court system through the appointment of judges. In Indiana, when vacancies occur on the Supreme Court, Tax Court, and circuit courts, the Judicial Nominating Commission interviews candidates and sends a list of three candidates for each vacancy to the governor, who chooses one. Justices of the peace and superior courts judges are elected in Indiana; if a vacancy occurs (such as by death or resignation) the governor may make an appointment, who holds the office until the next general election. The authority to make such appointments gives the governor considerable sway in setting the makeup of the judiciary.

The annual salary of the governor of Indiana is US$111,688 (2015). Additionally, he receives $6,000 annually for discretionary spending and expenses.

Requirements
To become governor of Indiana, a candidate must be a citizen of the United States and must have been a resident of the state in which they are running for the period of five consecutive years before the election. The candidate must also be at least 30 years old when sworn into office. The governor may not hold any other state or federal office during his term and must resign from any such position before being eligible to be sworn in as governor. Before taking the office, the candidate must swear an oath of office administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana, promising to uphold the Constitution and laws of the state.

Term limits
The governor serves a four-year term beginning on the date he is sworn into office; inauguration day is the second Monday in January. He remains governor until his successor takes the oath of office. The governor's term can be shorter if he resigns, dies, becomes incapacitated or impeached. There is no limit to how many terms a governor may serve; however, the governor is limited to serving a total of eight years in any 12-year period, equivalent to two full terms. To be eligible to run for a third term, the governor would have to sit out for one election period.

Succession

If the governor becomes incapacitated, then the Lieutenant Governor of Indiana becomes acting governor until his recovery. Only two governors have become incapacitated during their terms, and current precedent is that the governor's office is to notify the lieutenant governor, who will then make the decision to become acting governor by notifying the General Assembly by letter. The governor can resume his powers and duties by sending a letter to the General Assembly notifying them that he is again capable of executing the duties of office. If the governor resigns, dies, or is impeached, tried, and convicted, then the lieutenant governor ascends as governor. If the office of the lieutenant governor is vacant, then the President Pro Tempore of the Senate becomes governor. If the office of Senate President Pro Tempore is also vacant, then the Senate must elect a replacement to fill the governor's office.

Residence and offices

The governor maintains an office on the first floor of the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, and from there he manages all of the state's agencies that are under his jurisdiction. He shares the building with the Indiana General Assembly and the Supreme Court of Indiana.  The other elected executive officers, including the attorney general and the lieutenant governor, are also located in the statehouse, but most of the state's bureaus are located in the state office building. Traditionally, the governor lives in the Indiana Governor's Residence, also located in Indianapolis; however, former governor Mitchell Daniels' family maintained their private home, using the Governor's Residence only for official functions.

History

Governors

The first Governor of Indiana, Jonathan Jennings, was elected in August 1816 and assumed office in December of that year. The first capital was in Corydon, and the first three governors maintained homes and offices there. The capital was moved to Indianapolis in December 1824. Governors originally served three-years terms until the constitution was replaced in 1851. The 1851 constitution extended terms to four years but banned governors from serving consecutive terms. The constitution was amended again in 1972 to allow governors to serve consecutive terms but limited them to two consecutive terms at a time.

There have been 51 Governors of Indiana. 23 Republicans and 21 Democrats have each held the position. Four have died while in office; seven have resigned. Ten Lieutenant Governors have succeeded to become governor. James B. Ray has been the only President of the Senate pro tempore to assume the office of governor.

Jonathan Jennings was the first Governor to have an attempted impeachment brought against him in response to his actions as an agent of the federal government during the negotiations of the Treaty of St. Mary's in 1819, illegal under Indiana's constitution. The evidence of his role was destroyed, and after two months of investigation the proceedings were dropped. The only other time was when the General Assembly attempted to bring impeachment proceedings against Governor James B. Ray for a similar action in 1826, but the action was also defeated 28–30.

Four Governors were elected Vice President of the United States, two while in office.

Power shifts
Historically, the office of Indiana's Governor has been a weaker institution relative to the other branches of state government and also when compared to the role of governors of other U.S. states. During Indiana's territorial period, there was a considerable resentment to the power wielded by the territorial governors, and in response the anti-governor faction, which dominated the constitutional convention, created a weak executive position. The governor was not given complete authority over the militia, his term was set at three years, and most of his actions could be overridden by the General Assembly. The position was steadily weakened by the legislature, and his power was limited further by the constitution of 1851. The governor's authority to choose his own appointments for the state courts was removed, and the ability to appoint his own cabinet was ended. The cabinet was effectively made independent by making them elected popularly. The authority to propose budgets was revoked, and serving consecutive terms was banned. By comparison, the Supreme Court was made almost entirely independent, and the General Assembly assumed many of the powers taken from the governor.

Governors first began to assert their own power during the American Civil War as the General Assembly attempted to remove command of the militia from the governor. In response, the General Assembly was effectively suppressed, during which time the governor assumed many powers to appoint public officials, hire and remove state employees, and manage state finances. When the General Assembly reconvened with a majority sympathetic to the governor, he was permitted to continue many of his assumed powers. In 1889, the General Assembly began to reassert its authority over hiring state employees. The issued ended when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the legislature, again returning to it final authority over hiring state employees. The legislature passed acts in 1895 that removed the last of the governor's authority to appoint anyone to executive positions.

With the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the governors again began to reassert authority. The Executive Reorganization Act was passed, returning the governor to a considerable level of appointment power. New state welfare and regulatory agencies were placed directly under the governor's control, greatly expanding his role in running the state and creating a large number of patronage positions. The legislature responded by trying to create a merit system for public offices, but it was largely unable to effectively enforce it given the new scope of government agencies. The battle with the governor continued until 1941, when the legislature rescinded the Executive Reorganization Act and replaced it with the State Administration Act, which placed most of the government under the control of elected commissioners and reduced the governor's practical executive authority to commander of the militia and the executor of legislation. The matter was taken to the Indiana Supreme Court in the case of Tucker v. State. The court ruled for the first time that the governor was in fact the Chief Executive of the state, and that the legislature could pass no law that infringed upon that right. The decision was a major shift from previous court decisions and granted governors a legal basis to resist future encroachment on their powers.

During the 1970s, a series of amendments was passed under popular governors that also increased their powers. The state courts were again made appointive, but selection of the candidates was granted to the court-dominated Indiana Judicial Nominating Commission. However, the governor was given more control over the process in which he previously had none. Another amendment removed the ban on consecutive terms, allowing Indiana's first consecutive term governors in over one hundred years. A third amendment granted the power to prepare a budget to a State Budgetary Agency, which was run by officials appointed by the governor. The significant authority this gave the governor over the budget was the "greatest transfer of power" to the governor yet, according to historian and professor of political science Linda Gugin.

Despite gaining considerable power during the mid twentieth-century, Indiana's governor remains fairly weak compared to his counterparts in other states. He has no line-item veto authority, and the pocket veto was ruled unconstitutional. If a governor does not sign or reject a bill, it becomes law automatically. This led to a fist fight during the term of Claude Matthews, who was locked out of the House chambers to prevent him from returning a bill in time. The legislature can override a veto with a simple majority, as opposed to a supermajority that is required federally and in most other states. The legislature still exercises final control over the hiring of state employees, but given the large size of the government and the short legislative sessions, they are unable to make any considerable impact other than their continued advocacy for an expanded merit system. The cabinet is still almost entirely independent of the governor, and he has control over only half of the government's agencies, such as the Indiana State Police and the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Other large agencies, such as the Department of Administration, are under the control of the cabinet.

Veto usage

During the state's early history, vetoes were seldom employed by governors primarily because they were seen as only symbolic since the General Assembly could override them with only a simple majority. Governor James Whitcomb was the first to make significant use of the power and vetoed a record of fifteen bills during a single legislative session. Roger Branigin, who presided over a hostile legislature, made the most total vetoes of any governor, returning a total of one hundred bills to the assembly. Despite the fact that vetoes are easily overridden, only around ten percent of vetoed bills are overridden. During the 1970s, for example, 117 bills were vetoed, but only eleven were overridden. Observers and historians attribute this to the short length of legislative sessions, which often do not allow enough time for a large number of bills to pass through both houses twice. Another factor is that legislators of the same party as the governor typically refuse to override his veto, even in cases where they supported the bill originally.

General Assembly relations

The governor's relationship with the General Assembly has typically been the determining factor in his success at enacting his agenda, although other factors also play an important role. In most of Indiana's history, the governor has come to power at a time in which his party controlled the assembly. Since the political parties first became dominant in 1831 and until 2010, thirty-three sessions of the legislature have been divided with different parties controlling the House and Senate. Only five sessions have occurred where the legislature was entirely controlled by the opposition party, while in ninety-eight sessions the governor's party controlled the entire assembly.

Governors who had previously been legislators have generally had greater success in achieving their legislative goals while governor. Three speakers of the house have become governor. Governor Joseph A. Wright had the worst relations of any governor with the assembly. He twice delivered speeches to a joint session where he harangued them for what he perceived to be corruption, accusing them of taking bribes from the Bank of Indiana. The legislature responded by overriding all his anti-banking vetoes. He was so disliked by his own party that he was expelled from it after his term.

Traits

Except for James Whitcomb, all of Indiana's governors have been married at the time of their election. Whitcomb married while in office. About half of the governors have been married multiple times, all due to the death of their first wives. Three governors' wives, including Whitcomb's, died while their husbands were in office. Except for Jonathan Jennings and Thomas R. Marshall, all of the state governors have also had children. After leaving office, Marshall adopted a young boy. Only twenty of Indiana's governors were native to the state. Seven were born in Pennsylvania, four born in Ohio, and four born in Kentucky. Other governors have come from Michigan, Virginia, New York, and Vermont.

Territorial Governor William Henry Harrison was appointed to office at age twenty-seven, making him the youngest executive. James B. Ray, elevated at thirty-one and reelected at thirty-two, was the youngest governor to be elected to office. Evan Bayh, at age thirty-four, is the only other governor under the age of forty to be elected. James D. Williams, at age sixty-nine, was oldest governor to be elected and died in office at age seventy-two. The average age of governors at the time of their election is fifty.

Thirty-two of Indiana's governors have served in the military. Veteran organizations have served as a gateway for the governorship. Ira J. Chase served as leader of the Grand Army of the Republic. Paul V. McNutt, Ralph F. Gates, and George N. Craig were leaders of the American Legion, whose national headquarters is in Indianapolis.  Thirty governors have been lawyers by profession, and three have been farmers. Thirty received a college education, with eleven of them having attended Indiana University. Several governors have gone on to higher office, with nine serving in the United States Senate, and three serving as Vice President of the United States.

Gubernatorial elections

Under the original constitution  of 1816, the state held gubernatorial elections every three years. The first election was held before statehood was approved, in August 1816. Until the constitution was replaced in 1851, elections were held in October, and winners took office in December. In 1851, Indiana adopted its second and current constitution, which banned governors from serving consecutive terms and lengthened terms to four years. Elections since then have been held on Election Day in November during years divisible by four, concurrent with presidential elections. In 1972, the constitution was amended to allow governors to immediately succeed themselves. As mentioned above, the amendment limited a governor to a total of eight years in office during a 12-year period, effectively limiting him to two consecutive terms.

References
Specific

Bibliography

External links
 The Office of the Governor of Indiana

Category:State constitutional officers of Indiana
*


Kamalu

Kamalu (, also Romanized as Kamālū; also known as Kamāl Lū) is a village in Kuhpayeh Rural District, Nowbaran District, Saveh County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 34 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Saveh County


National Museum of Slovenia

The National Museum of Slovenia () is located in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is situated in the Center district of the city near Tivoli City Park. Along with the Slovenian Museum of Natural History, located in the same building, the National Museum of Slovenia is the country's oldest scientific and cultural institution. The museum has an extensive collection of archaeological artefacts, old coins and banknotes (in the numismatics department on the ground floor) and displays related to the applied arts.

History
The museum was founded in 1821 as the "Estate Museum of Carniola" (). Five years later, the Austrian Emperor Francis I decided to personally sponsor the museum and ordered its renaming to "Provincial Museum of Carniola". In 1882, the museum was renamed to "Provincial Museum of Carniola - Rudolfinum" in honour of the Crown Prince Rudolph.

After the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the name was changed to "National Museum". In 1923 the ethnographic collections possessed by the museum were removed and placed in the new Slovene Ethnographic Museum and in 1933 much of its fine artwork was moved to the National Gallery of Slovenia. In 1944 the Slovenian Museum of Natural History (then known as the Museum of Natural Sciences) became independent despite being located in the same building. In 1953 the majority of archives were moved to the Gruber Palace.

Renamed to National Museum of Slovenia in 1992, today the museum is divided into Archaeological Department, a Numismatic Cabinet, a Department of Prints and Drawings and a Department of History and the Applied Arts.

The building

The main building of the National Museum is located close to the Slovenian Parliament building and the Slovenian Foreign Ministry, while the Ljubljana Opera House stands just opposite to it on the same square. It was built in the Neo-Renaissance style by the master builder Wilhelm Treo in collaboration with Jan Vladimír Hráský between 1883 and 1885. Treo mostly followed the plans by the Viennese architect Wilhelm Rezori.

The interior was designed by Hráský, with the ceiling of the main hall decorated with medaillons by the painters Janez and Jurij Šubic. These were created in 1885. Janez Šubic drew the main allegorical painting of Carniola as the protector of arts and sciences, whereas Jurij Šubic drew four portraits of famous Carniolans: Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, Valentin Vodnik, Sigmund Herberstein and Sigmund Zois. The painting by Janez was made with oil on wood, whereas the portraits were made with oil on fresh plaster. The painters followed the proposals of their teacher Janez Wolf. The space between the medaillons was decorated by Karel Lipovšek.

The building was solemnly opened on 2 December 1888. In the Slovene Lands, this was the first building used solely for cultural purposes. A bronze monument to the Carniolan polymath Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, designed by the sculptor Alojz Gangl, was placed in front of the museum in 1903.

Selected directors and collaborators
Karel Dežman (1821–1889)
Josip Mal (1884–1978)
Avgust Pirjevec (1887–1944)
Simon Rutar (1851–1903)
Boris M. Gombač (born 1945)

References

External links

Official
Ljubljana.info - National Museum
 National Museum of Slovenia at Google Cultural Institute

Slovenia
Category:National museums of Slovenia
Category:Center District, Ljubljana
Category:History museums in Slovenia
Category:Carniolan culture
Category:Museums established in 1821
Category:19th-century establishments in Carniola


Pareng Partners

Pareng Partners is a Philippine television news magazine program broadcast by ABS-CBN on July 28, 2018 and airs every Saturday at 5:15 pm (PST). It is hosted by Anthony Taberna and Jorge Cariño. The show ended on March 23, 2019 with a total of 34 episodes. It was replaced by DocuCentral Presents in its timeslot.

Hosts
 Anthony Taberna
 Jorge Cariño

Typhoon Ompong Special coverage
On September 15, 2018, on the day Typhoon Ompong (Mangkhut) struck Northern Luzon, Pareng Partners aired a Special Coverage live from the ABS-CBN News Studio, serving as lead-in to TV Patrol Weekend as it uses the latter's graphics. This coverage was hosted by Jorge Cariño and joined by TV Patrol Weekend co-anchor Alvin Elchico.

See also
List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN

References

External links

Category:ABS-CBN shows
Category:2018 Philippine television series debuts
Category:2019 Philippine television series endings
Category:ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs programs
Category:Philippine documentary television series
Category:Filipino-language television programs


Abdulai Bell-Baggie

Abdulai Hindolo Bell-Baggie (born 28 April 1992) is a Sierra Leonean professional footballer who plays as a winger for Southern League Premier Division club Weymouth.

Born in Sierra Leone, Bell-Baggie represented both the England under-16 and England under-17 national teams before winning a cap for Sierra Leone in 2013. A former Reading player, he has played on loan for Rotherham United, Port Vale, and Crawley Town and was briefly contracted to Yeovil Town and Hayes & Yeading United. He joined Salisbury City in January 2012, before switching to Tranmere Rovers seven months later. After spending three years at Tranmere, he was released before joining Bristol Rovers in March 2015 but failed to make an appearance for the club. He joined Stockport County in June 2015, and moved on to Poole Town in March 2016. He joined Weymouth in October 2017 and helped the club to win the Southern League Premier Division title in 2018–19.

Club career

Early career
Bell-Baggie was born in Sierra Leone, and moved to England with his family in 1999, remaining in England with a foster family when his parents returned to Sierra Leone in 2005. He attended Hillside and Bulmershe College in Berkshire as a youth, and became a part of the set-up at Reading at age nine. Though he spent some time at Southampton's youth team, he returned to Reading in 2007. He was awarded a club number in December 2009.

He joined League Two side Rotherham United on a one-month loan in March 2010, making his professional debut as a substitute on 16 March 2010 in a 2–1 defeat at Accrington Stanley, replacing Marcus Marshall a few minutes before full-time. His first start came in a 3–0 defeat at Aldershot on 5 April, after this game the loan spell was extended until the end of the season. However his twelfth and final match for the club was the most significant game of his season, as he replaced Kevin Ellison late into the play-off final defeat to Dagenham and Redbridge at Wembley on 30 May 2010.

In August 2010 he was brought in by Port Vale's Micky Adams on a one-month loan to cover for Lewis Haldane, who was recovering from illness. This move came despite an offer of another loan spell from Rotherham United, and talk of Aldershot expecting the winger to join them on loan. After one substitute appearances he stated his aim to win a place in the starting eleven, however he finished his loan spell with only one start – in the League Trophy, and four substitute appearances to his name. At the end of November he joined Conference National high-flyers Crawley Town on loan, but only made one FA Cup appearance. At the end of the 2010–11 season Bell-Baggie was released by Reading.

In August 2011, Bell-Baggie signed a contract with Yeovil Town to keep him at the League One club until January 2012. In December 2011, Bell-Baggie was informed his short-term contract would not be extended and he was released without making a single appearance. He signed with Conference club Hayes & Yeading United on 6 January, and played in the club's 3–1 defeat at Kidderminster Harriers the next day. On 16 January his ten-day spell at the club came to an end when he was signed by Salisbury City manager Darrell Clarke.

Tranmere Rovers
In July 2012, he joined Tranmere Rovers on trial. Manager Ronnie Moore, who was also manager during the winger's time at Rotherham, was impressed enough to offer Bell-Baggie a one-year contract, which was duly signed. Having featured regularly for the club since his arrival, he signed a new contract on 7 March 2013, keeping him at Tranmere until 2015. He scored two goals in 34 appearances across the 2012–13 campaign. Bell-Baggie played 15 games at the start of the 2013–14 season, but did not make an appearance for Rovers after November as the club suffered relegation out of League One. He was named in the Football League team of the week for his performance in a 3–2 defeat at Accrington Stanley on 6 September 2014, having a bagged a brace in the second half. He was placed on the transfer list in January 2015 by new manager Micky Adams, who had previously coached him at Port Vale, before having his contract cancelled by mutual consent a month later.

Non-league
In March 2015, Bell-Baggie joined Conference Premier club Bristol Rovers on a deal until the end of the 2014–15 season. Rovers won promotion out of the play-offs, though Bell-Baggie never made an appearance for the club. He was released at the end of the season. In June 2015, Bell-Baggie signed for National League North side Stockport County, and was described by manager Neil Young as "an exciting and excellent" player. He was released by new "Hatters" manager Jim Gannon in February after struggling with a series of niggling injuries.

He signed with Poole Town in March 2016. He played four league games towards the end of the 2015–16 season as the "Dolphins" won promotion into the National League South as champions of the Southern League Premier Division. He scored two goals in 35 league games in the 2016–17 campaign, however Poole were barred from competing in the play-offs as Tatnam Ground did not meet National League standard regulations. He left the club on 10 October 2017, following the establishment of home grown talent Ollie Balmer in the first-team.

On 28 October 2017, Bell-Baggie joined Weymouth of the Southern League Premier Division. He made his debut for Mark Molesley's "Terras" later that day in a 4–1 FA Trophy defeat at Hereford on 28 October. He ended the 2017–18 season with five goals in 30 league appearances at the Bob Lucas Stadium, helping Weymouth to secure a place in the play-offs, where they were beaten 3–0 by King's Lynn Town at the semi-final stage. He featured 51 times in the 2018–19 season, scoring five goals, to help Weymouth to win promotion as champions of the Premier Division.

International career
Bell-Baggie turned out for England at both under-16 and under-17 levels. He lifted the Victory Shield in 2007 with the under-16s, Bell-Baggie starting in the 2–0 win over Wales and the 2–1 win against Scotland. In August 2008 he made two appearances for the under-17s, in a 2–1 defeat by Portugal and a 2–0 win over Italy. Bell-Baggie made his senior debut with Sierra Leone in a 1–0 defeat to Cape Verde at the Estádio da Várzea in a World Cup qualifier on 15 June 2013.

Style of play
Rotherham United manager Ronnie Moore considered him to be an "impact player". He went on to say "he's got electric pace. He's brave and strong and has got a lot of goals for the Reserves and kids. He's two footed and can play on the left wing and gets into little pocket. He turns and twists and, even at his young age, he knows the game."

Personal life
In 2011, Bell-Baggie was living with his girlfriend, Natalie, sister of Adam Lallana.

Career statistics

Club statistics

International statistics

Honours
England under-16s
Victory Shield winner: 2007

Weymouth
Southern League Premier Division champion: 2018–19

References

Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:English footballers
Category:England youth international footballers
Category:Sierra Leonean footballers
Category:Sierra Leone international footballers
Category:Black English sportspeople
Category:Association football wingers
Category:Sierra Leonean expatriate footballers
Category:Sierra Leonean expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Category:Sierra Leonean emigrants to the United Kingdom
Category:Expatriate footballers in England
Category:Reading F.C. players
Category:Rotherham United F.C. players
Category:Port Vale F.C. players
Category:Crawley Town F.C. players
Category:Yeovil Town F.C. players
Category:Hayes & Yeading United F.C. players
Category:Salisbury City F.C. players
Category:Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Category:Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Category:Stockport County F.C. players
Category:Poole Town F.C. players
Category:Weymouth F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:National League (English football) players
Category:Southern Football League players