Martin Mehkek

Martin Mehkek (7 August 1936; Novačka – 1 July 2014; Koprivnica) was a Croatian painter. His works can be found at the Croatian Museum of Naïve Art in Zagreb.

References

Category:Croatian painters
Category:1936 births
Category:2014 deaths


Cool Croc Twins

Cool Croc Twins is a platform game developed by Arcade Masters and published by Empire Software for the Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS in 1991. The player controls one of two crocodile twins named "Funk" and "Punk" respectively in an attempt to rescue a crocodile girl.

Information
The main characters of the game are Punk and Funk Croc. They are the suitors of the croquette, Daisy. The game is played in a screen by screen and level to level challenges in order to get Daisy. There is a cute introduction to the game with SoundBlaster tunes. If the game is not being played in two-player, a computer plays as the second player.

Gameplay
In two-player mode, the gamers need to jump, bash, and catch upgrades faster than the competitor. In order to win the game, the player must light up all the light bulbs and bump them with the characters' head. If the bulb is hit three times it will completely light up, and when every bulb is lit up, the player can continue onto the next level. On the higher levels, some of the light bulbs are invisible. Gravity is not an issue in this game. Punk and Funk race to light their bulbs first in order to win. There are obstacles such as walls and blocks that block the route to get the light bulbs. The player can have three movements that include:
clockwise
counter clock-wise
jumping
mirrored movement
walking upside-down

References

Category:1991 video games
Category:Platform games
Category:Amiga games
Category:Atari ST games
Category:Commodore 64 games
Category:DOS games
Category:Video games developed in France

Category:Fictional crocodilians
Category:North America-exclusive video games
Category:Cooperative video games
Category:Fictional twins


Reykjavik International School

Reykjavík International School was a small private international school for students from Year 1 to Year 11 in Reykjavik, Iceland. The primary language of instruction was English. Students studied Icelandic as well, whether as beginners or native speakers with good comprehension of the language. It accepted children from five to sixteen years old from all nationalities throughout the world.

The school ran for three years, from 2014–2017. It had 23 students in 2014 and 7 students in 2015.

A short lived school by the same name existed in 2004.

Accreditation
Reykjavik International School, or RIS for short, is accredited by the Icelandic Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. The school is a part of the umbrella association of independent schools in Iceland. Additionally, RIS is being accredited by the independent accreditation agency the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) and their Commission on International Education (CIE).

RIS is a member of the Nordic Network of International Schools, an organization that was established in 1997 to serve international schools in the Nordic and Baltic regions. The school hosted the 2016 Nordic Network annual Leadership Conference and AGM.

History
RIS is an educational and cultural foundation run by an elected board of trustees elected on a representative council meeting. The RIS Foundation was established in March 2014 and consists of a team of professional advisors with expertise in a variety of disciplines.

In October 2015, the Reykjavik International School was visited by the Ambassador of China, His Excellency Zhang Weidong. He took part in the weekly Chinese lesson with the school's Beijing based teacher and also spoke to the children about the Chinese language, such as how to say "how are you" and "my name is," as well as how the Chinese use characters to write rather than an alphabet.

On April 19, 2016, RIS was visited by Mayor Mr. Dagur B. Eggertsson, who greeted students and staff at the school.

Logo

The RIS school logo was designed by Unnur Valdís & Einar Gylfason at Leynivopnid. It was inspired by the ancient Chinese puzzle Tangram.

Curriculum
The curriculum has been derived from incorporating key components and objectives of the national curricula of England, Iceland, and Singapore. Students also study extra-curricular activities such as swimming, art, computer programming, drama, textiles, and more.

References

Category:Schools in Iceland


Leonard Costello

Sir Leonard Wilfred James Costello (25 August 1881 – 2 December 1972) was an English barrister, college lecturer, soldier and colonial judge who was also a Liberal Party politician.

Family and education
Leonard Costello was born in London, the son of James and Alice Costello. He was educated at Dulwich College and was later president of the Alleyn Club, established in honour of the school's founder. He then went to Peterhouse College, Cambridge where he gained BA and LL.B degrees in 1902 and an MA in 1906. In 1907 he married Winifred Avery, the daughter of Thomas Belgrave and they had two daughters. His first wife died in 1950 and in 1952 he married Joan Piper, the daughter of George Hewitt. She died in 1972.

Legal career

Costello was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1903. He then practised on the Midland Circuit from 1903 to 1926. Between 1906 and 1908 he had a position as a lecturer in law at University College, Nottingham. He later went out to India where, from 1926–1940, he was a judge in the High Court in Calcutta. He was Acting Chief Justice of Bengal in 1937 and again 1939. In 1937, he was strongly criticised by the Indian National Congress after remarks he made in a murder trial that the poor education and biased approach of potential jurors made the jury system unsuitable in India. It was widely believed that the jury in the case had made up their mind to find the defendant not guilty despite what Costello regarded as conclusive evidence of guilt. Costello was nevertheless knighted in 1935 for his role as a Bengal judge and was awarded the CBE in 1946.

The Bhowal Sanyasi case
The Bhawal case ran from 1933 to 1946, creating a sensation across India, with courts involved in London, Calcutta and Dhaka. In a case with echoes of the famous Tichborne Claimant, the court action was concerned with the dispute of inheritance of an estate and the identity of the Second Kumar of Bhawal (a Bengali princeling or zamindar) who was declared dead under mysterious circumstances, and who came back to life after twelve years.

Papers
A collection of documents relating to the case has been deposited in the library of the University of Exeter. It consists of eight oversize printed portfolios containing photographs of evidence. The items in this collection originate from the Appeal from Original Decree (Sreemati Bibhabati Devi v. Ramendra Narayan Roy), over which Costello presided as Acting Chief of Justice. This part of the trial took place at the High Court of Judicature, Fort William, Bengal, India, 1939. Also included is a box of newspaper cuttings relating to the case as well as court schedule lists, 1939.

Legal appointments
Costello was a Justice of the Peace in Devon from 1940 onwards. He was a member of the Devon Magistrates Courts Committee from its inception till 1956. He was Deputy Chairman of the County Justices Committee, 1941–46 and chairman from 1946–56. He served as Legal Adviser to the Devon County Army Welfare Services, 1941–46 (for which work he was awarded the Defence Medal). He was Deputy Chairman of Devon Quarter Sessions 1940–1947 and chairman from 1947–1956. He was Chairman of the Devon Branch of the Magistrates' Association 1954–1963 and sometime member of the National Council of the Joint Committee of the Magistrates' Association.

Soldier
Costello was commissioned  in the Army Service Corps in January 1916 and after serving in the European theatre in the First World War, resigned his commission as a temporary captain on account of ill-health in December 1918.

Politics
Costello was a founder member of the first Executive Committee of the National League of Young Liberals and he was later the Chairman of the NLYL London Council. In 1910 he stood for election to the London County Council as a member of the Progressive Party in Chelsea. He was a member of the Council of the London Liberal Party, President of Devon and Cornwall Liberal Federation, 1968–71 and President of Tiverton Divisional Liberal Association, 1968–71.

He first stood for Parliament at the January 1910 general election, contesting the Strand Division of Westminster, a safe Unionist seat. From 1912 to 1914 he was prospective Liberal candidate for Islington North but the intervention of the First World War meant he never fought the seat. In 1918 he stood for election in Exeter but as an Independent Asquithian Liberal he was not given the Coalition coupon and lost to the sitting Coalition Conservative, Sir Robert Newman. He fought Exeter again in 1922 again losing to Newman in a straight fight. But at the 1923 general election he switched seats to contest Huntingdonshire, beating the sitting Tory MP, Charles Murchison, by a majority of 1,061 votes. It was an unexpected win, overturning a Tory majority of nearly 5,000 and Murchison put it down to deficiencies in his local party organisation. With the Tories making a renewed effort Costello held the seat for just a year as Murchison won it back at the 1924 general election.

Costello's year in the House of Commons seems to have enough for him as he did not to fight any further Parliamentary campaigns, although he was reported as being one of the Liberal candidates considered for the by-election at Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1941 fought under the wartime truce. In the event a local candidate, George Charles Grey was chosen and was returned unopposed.

Philanthropy
Costello was a tireless supporter of charitable ventures. He served as a member of the Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops, an organisation set up to create employment for wounded ex-servicemen and named after Field Marshal Lord Roberts. He was a member of the Council of the charitable fund-raising event, the Alexandra Rose Day, being its Honorary Treasurer after 1941. He was also Chairman of the Lumley Memorial Trust from 1950 onwards and President of his local Committee of the Cancer Research Campaign, since its inception.

Other public and civic appointments
In 1939 Costello was appointed a member of the National Service Act Appeals Tribunal for England and Wales, a body which heard appeals from those applying to be registered as conscientious objectors when refused permission by local tribunals. He was also Chairman of a Home Office Advisory Committee on Aliens in the Isle of Man in 1941. He was a member of the Managing Committee of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, 1941–50; President of the All India and of Calcutta Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1933–41 and President of the Soc for the Protection of Children in India, 1927–37. He was twice President of the Bengal Flying Club, Calcutta.

Public service in Devon
Costello served as High Sheriff of Devon, 1945–46. He was a member of the Rating Appeal Committee, 1940–50, a member of the Devon Standing Joint Committee, 1946 and was vice-chairman from 1952–56. He chaired the General Commissioners of Income Tax for the East Budleigh and Clifton Division of Devon, 1954–64. He was a member of the Exeter Cathedral Restoration Fund Committee, 1946–66 AND served on various Devon committees of the NSPCC, 1949–70. In work connected to his legal background he was a member of the Board of Visitors of HM Prison, Dartmoor, 1950–61 and Chairman of the County Confirming and Compensation Committees, 1951–56. From 1946–1956 he was a member of the Exeter Prison Visiting Justices Committee, 1946–56 and was for five years President of the Conference of Prison and Borstal Visiting Justices. He also served on Devon Agricultural Wages Committee, 1956–62, as Chairman of the Agricultural Land Tribunal for the South West Region of England, 1948–58 and was sometime Chairman of the Directors of Exeter Theatre Co. Ltd. He was President, Devon Old Peoples Welfare Committee; a Commissioner of Income Tax for the East Exminster Division of Devon; Vice-President and Member of Committees, Devon Community Council and Vice-President, Devon Branch of the Forces Help Society.

Death
Costello died at his home, Grantlands, Uffculme, Devon on 2 December 1972, aged 91 years.

Publications
The Law relating to Engineering. A course of six lectures delivered in 1910–1911 before the Society of Engineers and the Junior Institution of Engineers; London, 1911
The Profiteering Act, 1919; Stevens & Sons, London, 1919 (jointly with Richard O'Sullivan)
The pocket law lexicon: explaining technical words, phrases and maxims of the English, Scotch and Roman Law to which is added a complete list of Law Reports, with their Abbreviations; Stevens & Sons, London, 1921

References

External links

Category:1881 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:People from Devon
Category:People educated at Dulwich College
Category:Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
Category:Members of the Inner Temple
Category:British India judges
Category:British Army personnel of World War I
Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:UK MPs 1923–1924
Category:History of Devon
Category:Progressive Party (London) politicians
Category:High Sheriffs of Devon
Category:National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children people


Salome Nyirarukundo

Salome Nyirarukundo (born 20 December 1997) is a Rwandan long-distance runner.

She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's 10,000 metres, where she finished in 27th place with a time of 32:07.80.

Road Running

2017 - 2018
Salome is also a seasoned marathoner, she took part in several major competitions. She sets a personal best time at the Montreal Marathon (2:28:02). She won several competitions in the Greater Quebec City area. Among others, the Rimouski marathon. She managed to establish several good performances on half marathon.

2019
Salome had a busy 2019. In the Around The Bay 30K race, she finished 3rd after elite athletes, even if she led for 15 kilometers of the race. She won the 10k St-Laurent race with a time of 34 minutes. She took second place at 5k du Lac-Beauport and won the Lévis Half-Marathon in a record time of 1 h 13 min 59 s. Followed by that, she finished 4th at the Ottawa Marathon in 2 h 30 min and made another 10k, this time that of lulumon Toronto in 34 minutes, another time. Then, she made two other victories on 10k, that of La Baie and that of Canaday Road Races Day. After that, she participated in the Rimouski Marathon, the conditions were bad and Salome started at a conservative pace to win (1:25 to half). Even with this reduced pace, Salome hits the wall and finishes in 3:14. Due to the bad conditions, no woman can overtake her and she wins the race for a second time in a row. For the last race of the year, she took part in the Quebec Half-Marathon (title holder), but was disqualified after the race. (She had made a time of 1:19.)

References

External links

Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:Rwandan female long-distance runners
Category:Olympic athletes of Rwanda
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for Rwanda
Category:People from Rutsiro District


Cacama moorei

Cacama moorei, or Moore's cactus dodger, is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Insects described in 2011
Category:Cryptotympanini


The Invasion of Canada

The Invasion of Canada:  1812–1813 is a 1980 book by Pierre Berton.

The book and its sequel
The book is an account of the first year of the War of 1812 and the events leading up to it.  Berton wrote that this history is neither military nor political.  "This is, rather, a social history of the war, the first to be written by a Canadian."   Details of the book were drawn from memoirs and diaries of common soldiers and commanding officers, as well as official military correspondence.

The story of the war, to its conclusion, was continued in the follow-up book, Flames Across the Border:  The Canadian-American Tragedy, 1813–1814 (1981).

See also
 Family Compact

Notes

Further reading
"War of 1812, the", in Benét's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature (1991), New York:  HarperCollins.

Category:1980 non-fiction books
Category:20th-century history books
Category:History books about the War of 1812
Category:Books by Pierre Berton
Category:War of 1812 books


Constituency NA-209

Constituency NA-209 (Jacobabad-II) () was a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It was abolished in the 2018 delimitations after merging it with NA-210 and creating the new constituency of NA-197. This step was mainly done in view of Kashmore's elevation to district level in 2004 and the results of the 2017 census.

Election 2002

General elections were held on 10 Oct 2002. Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani of PPP won by 52,613 votes.

Election 2008

General elections were held on 18 Feb 2008. Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani of PPP won by 111,578 votes.

Election 2013

General elections were held on 11 May 2013. Mir Shabbir Ali Bijarani of PPP won by 54,881 votes and became the  member of National Assembly.

References

External links
Election result's official website

NA-209
Category:Abolished National Assembly Constituencies of Pakistan


London Underground C Stock

The C Stock was built for the District Railway in 1910. The additional rolling stock was required to increase the frequency of the service (particularly given the introduction of automatic electro-pneumatic signalling which allowed less headway between trains), plus the four-tracking of the section west of Hammersmith which allowed a greater frequency of trains to and from Richmond.

Fifty-two cars were built by Hurst Nelson, thirty-two were driving motor cars and the remaining twenty were trailer cars. The design was based on the earlier B Stock and was the basis for the D Stock trains which appeared in 1912.

In 1928 the 20 trailer cars were rebuilt into motor cars. In the 1940s the C, D and E stocks were reclassified as "H Stock" (signifying hand-operated doors), along with other pre-1938 District Line rolling stock that had not been converted to have air-operated doors. The H Stock was largely eliminated by the early 1950s, following replacement by R Stock. The remaining cars were largely confined to the Olympia shuttle service and were withdrawn from passenger service by the late 1950s. A few examples continued in use for a time, painted grey, as "Stores Carriers", before being finally broken up in May 1963.

The C Stock remains the only fleet of London Underground carriages to have been built in Scotland. No vehicles have survived into preservation. In appearance, they were similar to the B Stock.

References

 J. Graeme Bruce, Steam to Silver, published by the London Transport Executive, 1970, pages 89–94

Category:Metropolitan District Railway
C
Category:Train-related introductions in 1910


Shahdan Sulaiman

Shahdan Sulaiman (born 9 May 1988) is a professional association football player who plays as a midfielder for Home United and the Singapore national team.

Club career

LionsXII
Shahdan previously played for S.League clubs Home United, Tampines Rovers & Young Lions. He moved to play for the LionsXII in the Malaysia Super League for the 2012 season. In 2012, while playing for the LionsXII, Shahdan Sulaiman's impressive form had attracted the attention of the Thai scouts from Pattaya United F.C. who likened him to be a player in the mould of Kaka due to his vision and passing ability. He was briefly considered by the Thai club to join as part of their foreign Asian player scheme, but the move did not happened.

Tampines Rovers
He joined Tampines Rovers in the 2013 season after he was left out of the LionsXII squad as the squad was mostly made up of U-23 players in preparation of the Southeast Asian Games.

In 2013, he signed a 23 months contract with his old club Tampines Rovers. He finished the 2013 season with 4 goals and 9 assists. At the end of 2014, while playing for the national team in the AFF Championship, he picked up an injury which ruled him out for 6 months of the 2015 season.

Back to LionsXII
Following his recovery from a long-term injury he picked up at the end of 2014, Shahdan re-joined the LionsXII in 2015. He made his long awaited comeback in a game against Sime Darby as a late substitute in May 2015. In his next match against ATM FA, he scored with his first touch of the ball and made his first start in July, against Kelantan.

Re-signing for the Stags
In January 2016, after the disbandment of LionsXII, he went back to Tampines Rovers FC, although he has had to take a huge pay cut. Shahdan played a key role in the team, starting 10 out of 10 league games for the stags before he then missed a huge chunk of the season due to an injury that he picked up in the 90th minute of an AFC Cup tie with Selangor at the Singapore Sports Hub. He marked his return in late October, helping his team to a 3-1 win over the Young Lions and eventually secured a place in the national team for the 2016 AFF Championship.

Shahdan remained with the stags for the 2017 S.League season. He had a good season, scoring 6 goals in all competitions, with his performances attracting interest from MSL side Melaka United.

Melaka United
Shahdan signed for Malaysia Super League side Melaka United for the 2018 MSL season on a season long loan from the Stags to fill their ASEAN foreign player slot.

Returning to Tampines Rovers
Shahdan returned to the Stags for the 2019 Singapore Premier League season and had a stellar season where he was one of three nominees for the Player of the Year award.

Lion City Sailors
Shahdan then signed for the Singapore Premier League's first privatised club, the Lion City Sailors for the 2020 Singapore Premier League season.

International career
Shahdan got his first goal for the national team in a 2-2 draw with Azerbaijan, scoring a last gasp equaliser to help the Lions come back from behind.

As of December 2017, Shahdan has amassed 51 caps for the senior national team.

Career statistics

Club

1 Includes Singapore Cup and Malaysia FA Cup.
2 Includes Malaysia Cup and Singapore League Cup.

International goals
Scores and results list Singapore's goal tally first.

Honours

International
Singapore
ASEAN Football Championship: 2012

Others

Singapore Selection Squad
He was selected as part of the Singapore Selection squad for The Sultan of Selangor’s Cup to be held on 24 August 2019.

References

External links

 Fas.org.sg
 Goal.com

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Singaporean footballers
Category:Singapore international footballers
Category:Singaporean expatriate footballers
Category:Home United FC players
Category:Tampines Rovers FC players
Category:Singapore Premier League players
Category:LionsXII players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Malaysia Super League players
Category:Young Lions FC players
Category:Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games
Category:Southeast Asian Games bronze medalists for Singapore
Category:Southeast Asian Games medalists in football
Category:Competitors at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games
Category:Asian Games competitors for Singapore


Mare (folklore)

A Mare (, ;  in Old High German and Old Norse) is a malicious entity in Germanic and Slavic folklore that rides on people's chests while they sleep, bringing on bad dreams (or "nightmares").

Etymology
The word "mare" comes (through Middle English mare) from Old English feminine noun mære (which had numerous variant forms, including mare, mere, and mær). These in turn come from Proto-Germanic *marōn. *Marōn is the source of  , from which are derived ; ; ; ; /mara, Dutch: (), and German: (). The -mar in French cauchemar ("nightmare") is borrowed from the Germanic through Old French mare.

Most scholars trace the word back to the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root *mer-, associated with crushing, pressing and oppressing. or according to other sources "to rub away" or "to harm". However, other etymologies have been suggested. For example, Éva Pócs saw the term as being cognate with the Greek  (Indo-European *moros), meaning "doom".

In Norwegian and Danish, the words for "nightmare" are mareritt and mareridt respectively, which can be directly translated as "mare-ride". The Icelandic word martröð has the same meaning (-tröð from the verb troða, "trample", "stamp on", related to "tread"), whereas the Swedish mardröm translates as "mare-dream".

Beliefs

The mare was also believed to "ride" horses, which left them exhausted and covered in sweat by the morning. She could also entangle the hair of the sleeping man or beast, resulting in "marelocks", called marflätor ("mare-braids") or martovor ("mare-tangles") in Swedish or marefletter and marefloker in Norwegian. The belief probably originated as an explanation to the Polish plait phenomenon, a hair disease.

Even trees were thought to be ridden by the mare, resulting in branches being entangled. The undersized, twisted pine-trees growing on coastal rocks and on wet grounds are known in Sweden as martallar ("mare-pines") or in German as Alptraum-Kiefer ("nightmare pine").

According to  Paul Devereux, mares included witches who took on the form of animals when their spirits went out and about while they were in trance (see the Icelandic example of Geirrid, below). These included animals such as frogs, cats, horses, hares, dogs, oxen, birds and often bees and wasps.

By region

Scandinavia
The mare is attested as early as in the Norse Ynglinga saga from the 13th century. Here, King Vanlandi Sveigðisson of Uppsala lost his life to a nightmare (mara) conjured by the Finnish sorceress Huld or Hulda, hired by the king's abandoned wife Drífa. The king had broken his promise to return within three years, and after ten years had elapsed the wife engaged the sorceress to either lure the king back to her, or failing that, to assassinate him. Vanlandi had scarcely gone to sleep when he complained that the nightmare "rode him;" when the men held the king's head it "trod on his legs" on the point of breaking, and when the retinue then "seized his feet" the creature fatally "pressed down on his head."

According to the Vatnsdæla saga, Thorkel Silver () has a dream about riding a red horse that barely touched ground, which he interpreted as a positive omen, but his wife disagreed, explaining that a mare signified a man's fetch (fylgja), and that the red color boded bloodiness. This association of the nightmare with fetch is thought to be of late origin, an interpolation in the text dating to circa 1300, with the text exhibiting a "confounding of the words marr and mara."

Another possible example is the account in the Eyrbyggja saga of the sorceress Geirrid accused of assuming the shape of a "night-rider" or "ride-by-night" (marlíðendr or kveldriða) and causing serious trampling bruises on Gunnlaug Thorbjornsson. The marlíðendr mentioned here has been equated to the mara by commentators.

As in English, the name appears in the word for "nightmare" in the Nordic languages (e.g. the Swedish word "mardröm" literally meaning mara-dream, the Norwegian word "mareritt" and the Danish "Mareridt", both meaning Mare-ride or the Icelandic word "martröð" meaning mara-dreaming repeatedly).

Germany
In Germany, they were known as Mara, Mahr, Mare.

German Folklorist Franz Felix Adalbert Kuhn records a Westphalian charm or prayer used to ward off mares, from Wilhelmsburg near Paderborn:

Such charms are preceded by the example of the Münchener Nachtsegen of the fourteenth century (See Elf under §Medieval and early modern German texts). Its texts demonstrates that certainly by the Late Middle Ages, the distinction between the Mare, the Alp, and the Trute (Drude) was being blurred, the Mare being described as the Alp's mother.

Slavic countries

Poland

Etymologically, Polish zmora/mara is connected to Mara/Marzanna, a demon of winter. It could be a soul of a person (alive or dead) such as a sinful woman, someone wronged or someone who died without confession. Other signs of someone being a mare could be: being the seventh daughter, having one's name pronounced in a wrong way while being baptised, having multicoloured eyes or an unibrow (exclusive to Kalisz region, Poland). If a woman was promised to marry a man, but then he married another, the rejected one could also become a mare during the nights. A very common belief was that one would become a mare if they mispronounced a prayer - e.g. Zmoraś Mario instead of Zdrowaś Mario (an inverted version of Hail Mary). The mare can turn into animals and objects, such as cats, frogs, yarn, straw or apples. People believed that the mare drained people - as well as cattle and horses - of energy and/or blood at night.

Common protection practices included:

 drinking coffee grounds before sleeping,
 taking the mare's hat,
 throwing a piece of a noose at the demon,
 sleeping with a leather, wedding belt or a scythe,
 inviting the mare for breakfast,
 changing one's sleeping position,
 smearing feces on the front door,
 leaving a bundle of hay in one's bed and going to sleep in another room.

To protect the cattle, horses etc., people hanged mirrors over the manger (to scare the mare with its own face) or affixed dead, predatory birds on the stable's door. Sometimes the horses were given red ribbons, or they also were being covered in a stinking substance.

Other countries
A Czech můra denotes a kind of elf or spirit as well as a "sphinx moth" or "night butterfly". Other Slavic languages with cognates that have the double meaning of moth are: Kashubian mòra, and Slovak mora.

In the north-western Russian and South-Russian traditions, the mara means a female character, similar to kikimora. Mara is usually invisible, but can take the form of a woman with long flowing hair, which she combs, sitting on a yarn. According to other sources, the mara is black, shaggy (olonets, tul.), And also a terrible and disheveled creature (Kaluga).

In Croatian, mora refers to a "nightmare". Mora or Mara is one of the spirits from ancient Slav mythology. Mara was a dark spirit that takes a form of a beautiful woman and then visits men in their dreams, torturing them with desire, and dragging life out of them. In Serbia, a mare is called mora, or noćnik/noćnica ("night creature", masculine and feminine respectively). In Romania they were known as Moroi.

It is a common belief that mora enters the room through the keyhole, sits on the chest of the sleepers and tries to strangle them (hence moriti, "to torture", "to bother", "to strangle", "umoriti", "to tire", "to kill", "umor", "tiredness" and "umoran", "tired"). To repel moras, children are advised to look at the window or to turn the pillow and make a sign of cross on it (prekrstiti jastuk); in the early 19th century, Vuk Karadžić mentions that people would repel moras by leaving a broom upside down behind the door, or putting their belt on top of their sheets, or saying an elaborate prayer poem before they go to sleep.

In Macedonian a nightmare is called a "ноќна мора" or a "кошмар" both words relating to the mare.

Potential analogues
In Hungarian, the creature is known as éjjeljáró or "night-goer." In Estonia, the mare-like spirit is called Painaja (presser) or Külmking (cold-shoe). In Thailand, this phenomenon is well documented and called ผีอำ (pee ahm), pee meaning "ghost". Buddhist residents wear amulets (พระเครื่อง) blessed by monks to ward off spirits such as these. In Turkey, the mare is known as  (ominous-presser).

See also
 Mara in Buddhism
 Mara (Hindu goddess)
 Alp (folklore)
 Batibat
 Lietuvēns
 Maya (illusion)
 Marzanna (Slavic goddess of death and winter)
 Moroi
 Moros
 Night hag
 Nightmare
 Pesanta
 Sleep paralysis, medical term for the condition the mare is thought to originate from.
 Slavic fairies

Fiction:
 Paranormal Entity, a 2009 found-footage film featuring a mare named Maron as the antagonist.
 Marianne, a 2011 Swedish horror film featuring mares.
 Borgman, a 2013 Dutch thriller film featuring mares.
 Hilda, a 2018 TV series. Episode 6 "The Nightmare Spirit" focuses on one.

Notes

References

 Bjordvand, Harald and Lindeman, Fredrik Otto (2007). Våre arveord. Novus. .
 Devereux, Paul (2001). Haunted Land: Investigations into Ancient Mysteries and Modern Day Phenomena, Piatkus Publishers.

 Hødnebø, Finn and Magerøy, Hallvard (eds.) (1979). Snorres kongesagaer 1, 2nd ed. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. .

 Pickett, Joseph P. et al. (eds.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. .

Category:German legendary creatures
Category:Scandinavian legendary creatures
Category:Scandinavian folklore
Category:English folklore
Category:Slavic legendary creatures
Category:Sleep in mythology and folklore
Category:Supernatural legends
Category:Germanic legendary creatures


Gender paradox

The gender paradox is a sociolinguistic phenomenon first observed by William Labov, in which "Women conform more closely than men to sociolinguistic norms that are overtly prescribed, but conform less than men when they are not." Specifically, the "paradox" arises from sociolinguistic data showing that women are more likely to use prestige forms and avoid stigmatized variants than men for a majority of linguistic variables, but that they are also more likely to lead language change by using innovative forms of variables.

Overview
William Labov identifies three main principles that, in combination, constitute the gender paradox. They illuminate the juxtaposing roles of women, who display both conformist and nonconformist behavior in the treatment of linguistic variables.

Stable linguistic variables

The first of the three principles states that "For stable sociolinguistic variables, women show a lower rate of stigmatized variants and a higher rate of prestige variants than men." This principle gives the most general understanding of women's treatment of linguistic variables, in that when variables are not undergoing any change, women tend to prefer the standard form of the variable to the non-standard form. It is a commonly occurring phenomenon that sociolinguists have observed in a wide array of societies. Peter Trudgill's study of the (ng) variable in Norwich, England provides evidence to support this principle.

In his 1968 study, Trudgill studied the frequency of the (ng) variable among sixty random subjects, calculating the usage of the standard form [ɪŋ] versus that of the non-standard form [ən ~ n̩]. He classified his results into categories of class, style and sex. Women tended to avoid the stigmatized form, preferring the standard form more than men did, which hold true for nearly all English dialects. Females were even more careful with their choice in variable when speaking formally, indicating a high level of linguistic awareness.

Changes from above
Occasionally considered a corollary to the first principle, the second principle states: "In linguistic change from above, women adopt prestige forms at a higher rate than men." These are language changes that individuals are generally conscious of. People are aware of the prestige associated with formal styles and thus are prone to hypercorrection – a product of linguistic insecurity. Several studies have shown that women are leaders both in eliminating stigmatized forms and adopting incoming prestige forms, and they do so at a notably higher rate than men.

This finding is widespread across languages and can be seen in examples such as (r)-pronunciation in New York City, the reversal of the Parisian French chain shift, and entire language shifts, like that from Hungarian to German in Austria.

Changes from below

The third principle is as follows: "In linguistic change from below, women use higher frequencies of innovative forms than men do."

These changes, which generally occur below the level of social consciousness, are "the primary form of linguistic change that operates within the system." In these cases, women are the initiators and leaders of changes in progress.

The Northern Cities Shift (NCS) offers a clear example of women leading change from below. For instance, the Atlas of North American English provides data on the regression analysis of 56 speakers in the Inland North, in which the most significant factor regarding sound change advancement is gender, making women the leading innovators. Women-led sound change from below is particularly salient for new and vigorous changes, like that of the palatalization of /t/ and /d/ in Cairo Arabic.

Explanations

Researchers in sociolinguistics have attempted to provide a unified account and explanation for the gender paradox with varying levels of success.

Neurobiological view

One proposed explanation from J. K. Chambers is the notion that women lead sound change due to some inherent biological verbal advantage. Under this view, women command a greater range of variants and styles, despite similar gender roles, because of sex differences. This view is contradicted by the varying size of the "gender gap," and the fact that differences have not remained constant over time. Labov asserts that if Chambers' biological explanation were to hold true, it would need to produce a robust effect across generations. Greater verbal ability would also predict more accurate self-representation in women. In fact, women tend to over-report usages of prestige forms, and give less accurate self-reports of language variants than men.

Social capital view

Another possible explanation for women's leadership in language change is their greater sensitivity to the social status associated with certain variants. As women have historically been denied access to the standard economic capital available to men through education and job opportunities, this may have motivated the usage of prestige forms to help them gain social capital and advance their social standing, both consciously for cases of change from above and subconsciously for change from below. The notion that women's speech is in fact the "language of powerlessness" is supported by findings that some features of stereotypical women's speech were also used by men when in a position of subverted power.

However, this view fails to address the consistently higher use of prestige forms even in contemporary societies with high levels of gender equality. Studies of language variation in central Sweden show that gender differences in speech have been maintained or even increased since 1967, despite the fact that recent legislation in Sweden has led to widespread gender equality. Nonetheless, the legislation may be too recent to have any great effect on the power entrenched in language and the inherent sexism that might remain despite various new laws, although this would not explain the increases, and belies the likelihood that 57 years - three or four generations - of legislation is more than enough time to produce a effect.

Network theory view
Gendered patterns of speech can also be explained by social network theory, which suggests that speech differences are accounted for by the differences between the social networks of men and women. Men tend to have denser, more local social networks, which are more conservative and resistant to change, resulting in higher usage of non-standard local variants. On the other hand, women tend to have more open, less locally-constrained networks, which are more likely to use standard variants and have access to innovative forms due to weak ties to other speech communities. Of course, if these differences are cross-cultural, it would also suggest that biological differences are at play.

Complications

In addition to the difficulties that arise in reconciling the gender paradox itself, other complications have emerged in the methodology and interpretations that led to its discovery.

Ethnocentric data

Though evidence of the paradox is widespread in sociolinguistic variation studies that use either sex or gender as a variable, findings that support the principles are not universal. Most data in support of the gender paradox come from studies of Indo-European languages in Europe or North America, but studies done in Asian, African and Middle Eastern countries often show contradictory patterns. For example, male speakers use the prestigious classical variety of Arabic far more than women, even though women lead in the use of locally "prestigious" standard variants. Male speakers of Malagasy also lead in the use of their ideal speech style, characterized by non-confrontational indirectness, whereas the women are "norm-breakers" and use the stigmatized, direct style associated with negative information. These counterexamples suggest that the gender paradox could be limited to western cultures or languages.

Stylistic differences within women

Several sociolinguists question the validity of making generalizations about a group as large as "women," which makes up roughly half the population of the world.  Penelope Eckert argues instead that women are not using prestige forms to declare whether or not they are women.  A single linguistic variable can be indexical of multiple traits and women (and men) can belong to multiple social groups, each with their own linguistic traits.  Language variations are chosen by their third order indexical qualities on a personal, rather than gender-wide level, reflected in the fact that no two women's speech is exactly alike.  These findings challenge the idea that women's use of prestige forms is not necessarily something inherent in their biology, but could also be an external, third-order indexical quality more highly valued among women than men.

Social-constructionist view

Social constructionists view the gender paradox as questionable because many of the studies used as evidence fail to take into account the sex and gender distinction. When gender is mentioned at all, it is often used synonymously with sex. While statistics support the fact that women often lead language change, the motivations for doing so cannot be determined by statistics alone.  It is inconclusive whether it is something physiologically inherent that makes women more progressive in their language use, or if this trend is instead an effect of the role of the female gender within society.  If a tendency towards language change is a product of gender, which is socially constructed, then sociolinguistics should instead be focusing on the social aspects of femininity that are indexed by female speech. This view would also account for the inconsistency in results between studies done in western cultures supporting the gender paradox and those done in other cultures where the results are less conclusive.

Shifting of standard forms

Variation among women could also be due to shifting standard forms.  In a 2003 study of the multilingual community of Palau, Kazuko Matsumoto and David Britain, examined the functions of prestige forms among women of various age groups.  They found that among Palau women of the parent and grandparent generations, the use of Japanese is considered a conservative behavior, as it is used to preserve their ethnic home language.  Among young Palau women, however, the use of Japanese is considered an innovative behavior because, having been raised speaking Palau, Japanese is an overly-prestigious foreign language used to secure a job in the modern employment market.

See also
 List of paradoxes

References

Category:Sociolinguistics
Category:Paradoxes


Center for Year 2000 Strategic Stability

The Center for Year 2000 Strategic Stability was a joint operation of the United States and Russian federation designed to provide mutual assurance that neither nation was launching a nuclear first strike against the other during the transition from the year 1999 to the year 2000. The program arose out of concerns the Year 2000 problem might generate false positives in each nation's nuclear attack Early warning systems.

The center came online December 30, 1999 and was closed January 15, 2000. It operated from Peterson Air Force Base.

References

Category:Foreign relations of Russia
Category:Nuclear warfare
Category:Foreign relations of the United States


Grandes Éxitos Juan Luis Guerra y 440

Grandes Exitos de Juan Luis Guerra y 440 is a compilation album of Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra, and his band 440. Issued in 1995, it consists of tracks from the first seven studio albums.

Among the tracks are two songs from the controversial album Áreito that was said to have anti-capitalist tendencies. And although Guerra quit recording protest songs, he included these two tracks, of which El costo de la vida was his first number-one hit in the Hot Latin Tracks.

Track listing

 El costo de la vida*
 Rosalia
 Woman de Callao
 Visa para el sueño
 Burbujas de amor
 Ojalá que llueva café
 Me enamoro de ella
 Frío Frío*
 Como abeja al panal
 A pedir su mano
 la Bilirubina
 Carta de amor
 Bachata rosa
 Guavaberry
 La cosquillita
 Si tu te vas (bonus track)
 Señorita (bonus track)

Certifications

References

External links

Category:1995 greatest hits albums
Category:Juan Luis Guerra compilation albums
Category:Spanish-language compilation albums


Jo In-sung

Jo In-sung (; born July 28, 1981) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his leading roles in the television series What Happened in Bali (2004), That Winter, the Wind Blows (2013), and It's Okay, That's Love (2014), as well as the films The Classic (2003), A Dirty Carnival (2006), A Frozen Flower (2008), The King (2017) and The Great Battle (2018).

Early life
Jo In-sung was born and raised in Gangdong District, Seoul, South Korea.

Career

1998–2002: Beginnings and rise to fame
Jo made his entertainment debut in 1998 as a model for clothing brand Ziozia. He began his acting career in 1999 through the MBC sitcom Jump, and in 2000, starred in the teen drama School 3 and in the second season of the sitcom Nonstop.

Jo first drew notice with a supporting role in the 2001 television drama Piano, co-starring Go Soo and Kim Ha-neul. He was then cast in his first drama leading role in 2002, as an illiterate actor in Shoot for the Stars opposite Jeon Do-yeon. The same year, he made his film debut in the movie Public Toilet. He also starred in several music videos of popular boy band g.o.d, who were also managed by SidusHQ at that time, and was directed by actor Jung Woo-sung.

2003–2008: Mainstream popularity
In 2003, Jo starred in three romantic films, most notably Kwak Jae-yong's The Classic, with Son Ye-jin and Cho Seung-woo.

In 2004, he returned to television in the melodrama What Happened in Bali, alongside Ha Ji-won and So Ji-sub. What Happened in Bali was a huge success, with its final episode reaching a peak rating of 39.7%. Jo won Best Actor awards at both the Baeksang Arts Awards and SBS Drama Awards.

In 2005, he starred opposite Go Hyun-jung in her comeback drama Spring Day, a remake of the Japanese drama Hoshi no Kinka ("Heaven's Coins").

Jo collaborated with renowned director Yoo Ha in his next two films: 2006's A Dirty Carnival, in which he played a charismatic small-time gangster who seeks a happier life; and 2008's A Frozen Flower, a Goryeo-period film where his royal bodyguard character is caught in a love triangle between the king and the queen.

2009–2012: Enlistment
On April 7, 2009, Jo enlisted for his two-year mandatory military service; he reportedly wanted to join the Air Force to follow in the footsteps of his father, who served as a non-commissioned officer. He served 25 months in the Air Force and the Air Force military band, and was discharged on May 4, 2011.

Upon the expiry of his contract with talent agency SidusHQ, Jo joined IOK Company in March 2012.

2013–present
In 2013, he co-starred in the melodrama That Winter, the Wind Blows alongside Song Hye-kyo, a remake of the Japanese drama Ai Nante Irane Yo, Natsu ("I Don't Need Love, Summer"). The drama placed number one in its timeslot during most of its run, and Jo and Song were praised for their performances. A year later, Jo reunited with Winter's writer and director in SBS' medical melodrama It's Okay, That's Love opposite Gong Hyo-jin. Jo won the Daesang (Grand Prize), the highest honor for television at the APAN Star Awards.

In 2016, Jo was chosen as the ambassador of the National Tax Service alongside Choi Ji-woo.

In 2017, Jo starred in the crime thriller The King alongside Jung Woo-sung, directed by The Face Reader director Han Jae-rim. In 2018, he stars in the historical film The Great Battle

Personal life
Jo studied modeling and events management  at Chunnam Techno University. He later enrolled as a Theater and Film major at Dongguk University, but was expelled in 2007 due to inadequate class attendance.

Filmography

Film

Television series

Music video appearances

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 Zo In-sung at IOK Company

Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Male actors from Seoul
Category:Republic of Korea Air Force personnel
Category:South Korean male film actors
Category:South Korean male television actors
Category:South Korean male models
Category:21st-century South Korean male actors


List of United States senators in the 83rd Congress by seniority

This is a complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 83rd United States Congress listed by seniority, from January 3, 1953, to January 3, 1955.

Order of service is based on the commencement of the senator's first term. Behind this is former service as a senator (only giving the senator seniority within his or her new incoming class), service as vice president, a House member, a cabinet secretary, or a governor of a state. The final factor is the population of the senator's state.

Senators who were sworn in during the middle of the two-year congressional term (up until the last senator who was not sworn in early after winning the November 1954 election) are listed at the end of the list with no number.

Terms of service

U.S. Senate seniority list

See also
83rd United States Congress
List of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 83rd Congress by seniority

Notes

External links
Senate Seniority List

083


Iraqi Legal Database

The Iraqi Legal Database (ILD) is the first comprehensive and electronic legal database to be created in the Arab region.  The project to create the ILD was launched in 2004 by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), through its Programme on Governance in the Arab Region (POGAR).

See also

 United Nations Development Programme

References

External links
The Iraqi Legal Database (-2013)
The Iraqi Legal Database (2014- )
The Programme on Governance in the Arab Region
United Nations Development Programme (Iraq Country Office)
The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
Iraqi Local Governance Law Library

Category:Government of Iraq
Category:Iraqi law
Category:United Nations Development Programme
Category:Online law databases
Category:Databases in Iraq


William Pomerance

Mortimer William Pomerance (August 2, 1905 – January 12, 1995) was an American animator who worked for Walt Disney Studios. He worked first as a business manager of cartoonists, and then was a business agent for the Screen Actors Guild.  After the Disney strike of 1941, Pomerance and David Hilberman left Disney and started their own animation show studio, TEMPO.

Walt Disney accused Pomerance, along with Herbert Sorrell and David Hilberman, of being a communist in an interview with chief investigator Robert E. Stripling before the House Un-American Activities Committee, although Disney said in the interview that "No one has any way of proving" this.

On 5 February 1952, Pomerance appeared before the HUAC.  He refused to answer whether he had been a member of the Communist Party by taking the 5th Amendment.

He was born in Manhattan, the first-born son of Jewish immigrants Harry Pomerance and Esther Perlstein, both from Russia. He died in Madison, Connecticut in 1995.

References

Category:1905 births
Category:1995 deaths
Category:People from Manhattan
Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Category:American animators
Category:American Jews


Chrozophoreae

Chrozophoreae is a tribe of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae. It comprises 4 subtribes and 12 genera.

See also
 Taxonomy of the Euphorbiaceae

References

Category:Euphorbiaceae tribes


Santragachi–Anand Vihar Superfast Express

The Santragachi - Anand Vihar Superfast Express is a express train belonging to South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Santragachi Junction and Anand Vihar Terminal in India. It is currently being operated with 22857/22858 train numbers on weekly basis.

Service

The 22857/Santragachi - Anand Vihar Weekly SF Express has averages speed of 58 km/hr and covers 1575 km in 27h 15m. The 22858/Anand Vihar - Santragachi Weekly SF Express has averages speed of 58 km/hr and covers 1575 km in 27h 15m.

Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:

Coach composite

The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of 130 kmph. The train consist of 18 coaches :

 1 AC II Tier
 2 AC III Tier
 8 Sleeper Coaches
 5 General Unreserved
 2 End-on Generator

Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Santragachi Loco Shed based WAP-4 electric locomotive from Howrah to Delhi and vice versa.

Rake Sharing

The train shares its rake with 22893/22894 Sainagar Shirdi-Howrah Express.

See also

 Anand Vihar Terminal railway station
 Santragachi Junction railway station
 Sainagar Shirdi-Howrah Express

Notes

References

External links

 22857/Santragachi - Anand Vihar Weekly SF Express
 22858/Anand Vihar - Santragachi Weekly SF Express

Category:Transport in Howrah
Category:Transport in Delhi
Category:Express trains in India
Category:Rail transport in Delhi
Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh
Category:Rail transport in Bihar
Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand
Category:Rail transport in West Bengal
Category:Railway services introduced in 2015


Budureasa

Budureasa () is a commune in Bihor County, northwestern Romania with a population of 2,581 people. It is composed of five villages: Budureasa, Burda (Borda), Saca (Száka), Săliște de Beiuș (Belényesszeleste) and Teleac (Telek).

The Stâna de Vale resort is located in the commune.

References

Budureasa


Longtail stingray

"Longtail stingray" may also refer to Dasyatis thetidis or Himantura uarnak.

The longtail stingray (Dasyatis longa, often misspelled longus), is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California to Colombia. It inhabits sandy habitats down to a depth of . Measuring up to  across, this species has a rhomboid pectoral fin disc, a lower (but not upper) fin fold on the tail, and numerous dermal denticles along the back and behind the stinging spine. The longtail stingray feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling bony fishes and crustaceans. It is aplacental viviparous, with females giving birth to 1–5 young in late summer. At present, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is unable to assess this species beyond Data Deficient. It is caught for food, likely throughout its range, but specific fishery data is lacking.

Taxonomy and phylogeny
American zoologist Samuel Garman published the original description of the longtail stingray in an 1880 issue of the scientific journal Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. He gave it the name Trygon longa, in reference to the long tail, and designated a specimen from Acapulco, Mexico and another from Panama as the syntypes. Subsequent authors placed this species in the genus Dasyatis. A 2001 phylogenetic analysis by Lisa Rosenberger, based on morphological characters, found that the southern stingray (D. americana) of the western Atlantic is the sister species of the longtail stingray. These two species may have evolutionarily diverged with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama (c. 3 Ma).

Distribution and habitat
The longtail stingray is found along the tropical Pacific coast of the Americas, from central Baja California (though it may occur as far north as San Diego, California) to Colombia, including the Revillagigedo and Galapagos Islands. This species inhabits sandy or muddy flats to a depth of , often near rocky or coral reefs, or in estuaries. In the Galapagos, it was reportedly abundant in the shallow lagoons of mangrove swamps at Fernandina Island.

Description
The longtail stingray reaches a maximum known disc width of , length of , and weight of . It has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc about a sixth wider than long, with the outer corners broadly rounded. The front margins are nearly straight, meeting the tip of the snout at a blunt angle. There is a row of five papillae across the floor of the mouth; the two on the sides are smaller than the others. The pelvic fins are rounded. The whip-like tail bears a stinging spine and measures more than twice as long as the disc. Behind the spine, the tail becomes laterally compressed with a low keel above and a short, narrow fin fold below.

There is a row of pointed tubercles running along the midline of the back from between the "shoulders" to the base of the tail. Two much shorter rows of smaller tubercles, slightly converging backward, are found alongside the central row behind the shoulders. Numerous small dermal denticles are also found between the eyes and on the tail behind the spine. The dorsal coloration varies from plain reddish-brown to dark gray, and the underside is light. The extent of denticle coverage and number of oral papillae can vary among individuals. The longtail stingray closely resembles the diamond stingray (D. dipterura), which is found in the same region, but can be distinguished by its lack of an upper tail fold. The length of the tail is not a reliable diagnostic character for this species, as it is frequently damaged.

Biology and ecology
Apparently solitary in nature, the longtail stingray is a predator of bottom-dwelling bony fishes and invertebrates, in particular stomatopods, decapods, and molluscs. Known parasites of this species include the tapeworms Acanthobothrium cimari, A. cleofanus, A. costarricense, A. puntarenasense, and A. vargasi, Anthocephalum lukei and A. michaeli, Parachristianella dimegacantha, Pseudochristianella elegantissima and P. nudiscula, and Pterobothrioides carvajali, and the monogenean Listrocephalos whittingtoni. Like other stingrays, the longtail stingray is aplacental viviparous with the developing embryos sustained initially by yolk and later by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. Adult females have a single functional ovary. Near-term females appear to swim into shallow estuaries and tidal creeks to give birth, following a gestation period of 10–11 months, and may mate again immediately after. A litter contains 1–5 young, each measuring about  across. Males mature sexually at  across, and females at  across.

Human interactions
The tail spine of the longtail stingray is potentially dangerous to humans. This species is of some commercial importance in Mexico, where it is sold fresh or dried and salted. This species is likely landed by inshore fisheries targeting shark and ray throughout Central America; it is caught by bottom trawls and longlines, and is especially susceptible to gillnets as its tail spine easily becomes entangled in the mesh. The impact of fishing on its population is unknown, as fishery landings in the region are poorly monitored and the longtail stingray is not reported separately from other ray species. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed this species as Data Deficient, while noting that its slow reproductive rate would limit its capacity to recover from over-exploitation.

References

External links

Category:Dasyatis
Stingray, Longtail
Stingray, Longtail
Category:Fish of Colombia
Stingray, Longtail
Category:Fish described in 1880


Hervey Lawrence

Lieutenant colonel Hervey Major Lawrence  (24 March 1881 – 17 September 1975) was an English officer in the British Army and an amateur cricketer. He played seven first-class cricket matches between 1899 and 1914.

Lawrence served in the Boer War and in World War I when he commanded battalions in the Suffolk, Cheshire and Herefordshire Regiments. He won two Distinguished Service Orders and the Legion d'Honour during the war and was awarded an OBE in 1919. He died in 1975, the last remaining survivor of players who had played first-class county cricket before 1900.

Early life
Lawrence was born at Hadlow in Kent in 1881, the son of Henry and Emily Lawrence. His father was a doctor. Lawrence was educated privately and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 3rd militia battalion of the Cameronians in 1900 as the battalion was being formed for service in the Boer War in South Africa.

Army career
Lawrence served with the Cameronians in South Africa until 1902, winning the Queen's South Africa Medal. He transferred to the 1st battalion, a regular army battalion, in 1901. From 1902 to 1905 Lawrence served in India where he was promoted to lieutenant, before transferring to be adjutant of the 5th battalion Suffolk Regiment, a Territorial Force battalion, in 1911.

During World War I Lawrence, who had been promoted to captain in 1913, served with the Suffolks as part of the 163rd Norfolk and Suffolk Brigade at Gallipoli from the Landing at Suvla Bay in August until the evacuation from Gallipoli in December 1915. He was promoted to major whilst in action at Gallipoli and then to temporary lieutenant colonel after the battalion was evacuated to Egypt, commanding the battalion. He transferred to become the commanding officer of the 1/7 battalion Cheshire regiment in 1916, seeing action during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign at the First Battle of Gaza in early 1917, capturing the hillside position at Ali Muntar for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). He fought at Second Gaza and in the Battle of Beersheba later in 1917 before leading his battalion into Jerusalem in the advance guard.

Lawrence took charge of the 1st battalion Herefordshire Regiment and embarked for France. He fought at Second Marne and won a bar to his DSO during the battle, the award citation praising his "magnificent example of leadership and courage" in the action during which he was wounded in the side and the arm. The citation went on to say that "his personal influence had the most inspiring effect on officers and men". He went on to win the Légion d'Honour Croix de Chevalier for his leadership in support of a French attack near Soissons, but was then hospitalised in England and removed from the strength of the battalion in at the end of August. As well as his DSO and bar, he was mentioned in dispatches four times during the war.

After the war Lawrence retired in May 1919 and was awarded the OBE in the 1919 Birthday Honours. He remained in the Reserve of Officers, attached to the Suffolk Regiment until 1936 when he reached the age limit.

Cricket career

Lawrence played a total of seven first-class cricket matches between 1898 and 1911. He played four times for Kent County Cricket Club in 1899, having made an appearance for the county Second XI the previous year. Lawrence was primarily a bowler but Wisden reports that he "met little success" in his matches for the county, although he played widely in club cricket that year, taking over 200 wickets in all matches during the season.

On his return from India he played occasionally for Kent's Second XI between 1906 and 1909 before beginning to make appearances for Army sides. In 1910 and 1911 he played in one first-class match each year for an Army and Navy side against an Oxbridge side before playing one Army v Navy first-class match in June 1914. In 1913 he also appeared five times for Suffolk County Cricket Club in the Minor Counties Championship whilst he was serving with the Suffolk Regiment.

After the war Lawrence appeared occasionally for Bury and West Suffolk Cricket Club between 1927 and 1937 and played once for I Zingari in 1919.

Later life
Lawrence married twice, firstly to Dorothy in November 1906 and then to Kathleen Galbraith in 1921. One of his sons, David Lawrence, played once for Suffolk in the Minor Counties Championship in 1936 and alongside his father twice for Bury and West Suffolk.

He died at Ely in Cambridgeshire in September 1975 aged 94. His Wisden obituary reported that he was "the last known survivor of those who played first-class county cricket before 1900".

References

External links

Category:1881 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:English cricketers
Category:Kent cricketers
Category:People from Hadlow
Category:Sportspeople from Kent
Category:Army and Navy cricketers
Category:British Army cricketers
Category:Suffolk cricketers
Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Category:Cameronians officers
Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire


Graig, Newport

Graig is an electoral ward and coterminous community (parish) of the city of Newport, South Wales.

The ward is bounded by the Ebbw River and M4 motorway to the east, the city boundary to the north and west. The southern boundary is formed by a line from the M4/A467 intersection in a roughly westerly direction as far as the city boundary. The area is governed by the Newport City Council.

The ward contains Bassaleg, Rhiwderin and the hamlet of Lower Machen. It also contains the western half of the Foxgloves estateas the Ebbw passes through the centre, the eastern half is in Rogerstone.

Location of a large Roman fort and its earthworks can be seen from the motorway.

References

External links

Category:Communities in Newport, Wales
Category:Wards of Newport, Wales


Asolo Conservatory for Actor Training

The Florida State University/Asolo Conservatory for Actor Training or FSU/Asolo Conservatory for Actor Training is a three-year graduate program culminating in a Master of Fine Arts degree in Acting. The program is operated by Florida State University in conjunction with the Asolo Repertory Theatre.

FSU/Asolo Conservatory
The program was initiated by the Florida State University School of Theatre in Tallahassee in 1968 and moved to Sarasota five years later to establish a permanent relationship with the Asolo Repertory Theatre. It is currently housed in the Florida State University Center for the Performing Arts, which is a multi-theater complex, located on The Ringling property which is managed by Florida State University http://www.ringling.org/

During the third year of the program, students are treated as company members of the Asolo Rep. Upon graduation from the program, students are eligible to join the Actors' Equity Association.

In 2012, the program was named one of the top 25 drama schools in the world by The Hollywood Reporter.  At last listing by the U.S. News & World Report, it was ranked 6th among MFA Acting programs in the United States.

The program auditions 1200-1500 students annually in four locations. It accepts a maximum of 12 students per school year.

2015–2016 season

The season will presented under the helm of Greg Leaming, who has served as the Associate Artistic Director for Asolo Repertory Theatre and Director of the Conservatory for the past eleven years.

 The Real Inspector Hound by Tom Stoppard
 The Liar by David Ives, adapted from the comedy by Pierre Corneille
 Macbeth by William Shakespeare
 Nora by Ingmar Bergman, adapted from Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House

2014–2015 season

The season was presented under the helm of Greg Leaming, who has served as the Associate Artistic Director for Asolo Repertory Theatre and Director of the Conservatory for the past ten years.

 The Water Engine by David Mamet
 As You Like It by William Shakespeare
 title of show by Jeff Bowen and Hunter Bell
 The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov

2013–2014 season

The season was presented under the helm of Greg Leaming, who has served as the Associate Artistic Director for Asolo Repertory Theatre and Director of the Conservatory for the past nine years.

 The School for Lies by David Ives, adapted from Moliere's Misanthrope
 Loot by Joe Orton
 How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel
 Antigone by Jean Anouilh

2012–2013 season

The season was presented under the helm of Greg Leaming, who has served as the Associate Artistic Director for Asolo Repertory Theatre and Director of the Conservatory for the past eight years.

 Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare
 The Aliens by Annie Baker
 Stop Kiss by Diana Son
 Candida by George Bernard Shaw

2011–2012 season

The season will be presented under the helm of Greg Leaming, who has been serving as the Associate Artistic Director for Asolo Repertory Theatre and Director of the Conservatory for the past seven years.

 The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, adapted by Anthony Clarvoe; November 1–20, 2011
 Lobby Hero by Kenneth Lonergan; January 3–22, 2012
 The Robbers by Friedrich Schiller; February 21-March 11, 2012
 Cloud Nine by Caryl Churchill; April 3–22, 2012

2010–2011 season

The season will be presented under the helm of Greg Leaming, who has been serving as the Associate Artistic Director for Asolo Repertory Theatre and Director of the Conservatory for the past six years.
 The Two Gentlemen of Verona by William Shakespeare, directed by Greg Leaming; October 26, 2010 - November 14, 2010
 Reasons to Be Pretty by Neil LaBute, directed by Barbara Redmond; January 4, 2011 - January 23, 2011
 The Lady from the Sea by Henrik Ibsen, directed by Andrei Malaev-Babel; February 22, 2011 - March 13, 2011
 Tartuffe by Molière, directed by Wes Granthom; April 12, 2011 - May 1, 2011

2009–2010 season

 The Mystery Play by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa; October 27, 2009 - November 15, 2009
 Blue/Orange by Joe Penhall; January 5, 2010 - January 24, 2010
 Machinal by Sophie Treadwell; March 2, 2010 - March 21, 2010
 The Game of Love and Chance by Pierre Marivaux; April 14, 2010 - May 3, 2010

Notable alumni
Damon Bonetti, Richard Falklen, Lesley Fera, Michael Piontek, Steve Rankin.

References

 About the FSU/Asolo Conservatory

External links
 Official website
 Asolo Repertory Theatre official website

Category:Drama schools in the United States
Category:Educational institutions established in 1968
Category:Florida State University
Category:Education in Sarasota, Florida
Category:Theatre in Florida
Category:1968 establishments in Florida


Hazhenia

Hazhenia is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Early Triassic of China, of which Hazhenia concava is the only species. Hazhenia was named in 1981 from the Heshanggou Formation in the Ordos Desert of Inner Mongolia. It lived during the Olenekian Age of the Early Triassic, about 247 million years ago. Hazhenia belongs to a group of therocephalians called Baurioidea and possesses many mammal-like features such as cusped teeth and a secondary palate, both of which evolved independently in baurioids. Within Baurioidea it is most closely related to the genus Ordosiodon, which is also known from Inner Mongolia but comes from the slightly younger Ermaying Formation. Both genera were once placed in the family Ordosiidae, but as the name is preoccupied by a family of Cambrian trilobites, it is no longer valid.

Hazhenia is known from a single skull that was discovered by a group from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in 1977, a year after the discovery of the first Ordosiodon remains. Both were initially classified as members of Scaloposauria, a group of small-sized therocephalians now regarded as a paraphyletic assemblage of basal baurioids. A phylogenetic analysis of therocephalians published in 2014 found Hazhenia and Ordosiodon to be each other's closest relatives, and placed both in a derived position within Baurioidea, close to the family Bauriidae. Below is a cladogram from that analysis:

References

Category:Bauriids
Category:Triassic synapsids of Asia
Category:Early Triassic synapsids
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1981
Category:Therocephalia genera


List of Amstrad CPC games

This list contains  game titles released for the Amstrad CPC home computer series. This number is always up to date by this script.

0–9

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also
Lists of video games
List of Amstrad PCW games

References

CPC Game Reviews by Nicholas Campbell
Amstrad CPC at Adventureland
CPC-power Database of CPC software (in French)
The 464 Project - 464 Games on the Amstrad CPC
The 464 Project Part 2 - 128 MORE Games on the Amstrad CPC

Amstrad CPC


Target (1985 film)

Target is a 1985 American mystery thriller film directed by Arthur Penn and starring Matt Dillon and Gene Hackman.

Plot

In Dallas, Walter Lloyd (Hackman) runs a lumber business. After checking out at the office, Walter stops by the local racetrack, where his college-age son Chris (Dillon) works repairing stock cars. He reminds Chris of his mother's departure for Europe that afternoon, and Chris meets him back at the house to send her off.

Though their relationship is slightly strained, the family is tightly woven and carry on amicably, although an underlying tension between father and son is hinted at. Before she leaves, Chris' mother asks Walter to "break through to the kid." Walter attempts to bond with Chris over the next few days, Chris staying at the house and going on a fishing trip with Walter.

That night, the two are awoken by a late-night phone call from Paris informing Walter that his wife has split from her tour group. Although he downplays it, Walter's fear for his wife's well-being is apparent and Chris picks up on it. Prying further, Chris gets Walter to admit that she has, in fact, been missing two days. With that, Chris and Walter decide to go to Paris to find her.

At the airport, Chris bumps into an attractive backpacker, who introduces herself as Princess Clara, leader of the Sparrow Revolution.

Walter, on the other hand, bumps into a shady man with a gun who shows Walter his wife's jewelry. A few seconds later, an odd-looking man in glasses points a gun at them and, in an attempt to kill Walter, shoots the man holding him up before disappearing. In a moment of uncharacteristic bravado, Walter kicks the dead man's gun under a jacket and scoops it up before anyone can notice. When Chris asks what's going on, Walter replies that it's probably a heart attack.

At the hotel, Walter writes a note telling Chris to stay for any messages, then leaves for the American embassy in Paris. Once there, Walter slides through the embassy with a casual, cavalier attitude, stopping to look at security while taking a drink at a fountain. He walks casually into the office coffee room, where he pours ketchup into a bag with a handkerchief, pretending it's evidence, and waltzes into the head office under the guise of working there. He tells the secretary that her boss is "family," and once inside the office, tells her boss that his wife has been kidnapped, and that "Duke is here".

Walter regroups with Chris at the hotel restaurant, where he tells him that his mother has been kidnapped, and tells him the real story about the shooting at the airport. Chris' reaction, as to be expected, is one of frustration and disbelief. At that point, the embassy's Director Barney Taber (Josef Sommer) enters and Walter (whom Taber calls "Duke") and he embrace. He alludes to having seen Chris when he was a baby, and expresses sadness at his mother's kidnapping. Chris begins to tell Taber what's going on, but Walter covers up the conversation by telling him that he and Chris had been talking about something else. Before he leaves, Taber asks Walter what name he's traveling under.

A waiter enters with a call for Walter in the office, which the presumably-simple Walter fields in flawless French. After a brief conversation, Walter heads out of the hotel, telling Chris to stay there. Fortunately for Walter, Chris follows him, and saves his life when a car sprays gunshots at Walter. They run away to escape, ducking into an alley where Walter confesses to Chris that he used to work for the CIA. Chris asks him if he's ever killed someone, and Walter downplays the question. Chris, disturbed that his father's life is a lie, runs off, although the two catch up with each other in a café.

Walter tells him about his own history, working as a journalist in France when an agent "tuned into him" at a party. Walter began working for the CIA, performing a variety of duties, but he gave it up when he met his wife and their son was born. A suspicious-looking man enters, and Walter pulls a gun on him, and they leave. Chris tells him that he's going to the police and Taber. Walter tells him it was for his benefit - that Taber is in fact working for the CIA.

The two go to Taber, where they find that another agent, Clay (Guy Boyd), has been tailing him. Clay and Taber tell them to hole up in their hotel, a piece of advice that Chris and Walter promptly disregard.  Walter decides it's best to look up an old contact of his, a German operative named Lise. They rent a car, Chris making a crack about Walter's driving speed; "Here we go to Hamburg, twenty miles an hour..."

The two make their way slowly to Hamburg until Walter spots a tail on them, at which point he takes off in high gear. Walter weaves expertly through the countryside, shaking the tail at extremely high speeds. When the two lay a trap for the tail, they find out that they're being watched by the CIA to make sure they don't get into trouble. Walter tells him to pull the tail off, warning that if he sees him again, he "won't see him again".

After buying some clothes, the two leave for Hamburg by train. The agent tailing the Lloyds reports to Taber with a paltry two digits of a phone number that Walter dialed, (4-0). Taber is understandably upset, and sends him out of the office.

At the train station, Walter and Chris see a man approach a similar pair - a young man and his father - yelling "Mendelssohn" to them. After spotting the Lloyds, the man grabs a fiddle from a nearby busker and begins playing a tune. The two laugh it off as they walk away, although it's apparent that Walter makes more of it than Chris does. On the way out, Chris spots the backpacker he met at the airport in Paris.

They arrive at Lise's, where a history between Walter and Lise is hinted at. Lise helps the two get settled, and while Chris sleeps, the two reminisce about their days in the trade. Lise calls Walter her "Dear Duke," and recalls having loved him. At this point, Chris wakes up and listens to the two talking about what could have been, had they not chosen a life of intrigue and mystery. Lise asks Walter about his Donna, who Walter insinuates was completely worth giving up his life for.

The next day, Lise sends Walter and Chris off to meet "The Colonel", Walter's old boss. Chris spots the fiddle player from the train station, and Walter tears off in the car. They attempt to lose their pursuers, but when they can't, Walter takes off on foot with Chris presumably driving to meet the Colonel. When Chris spots the assassin who attempted to kill Walter earlier, he sticks around, driving through the port they've stopped by to rescue his father. Cornered by the two undercover agents, Walter jumps off the pier onto a passing ferry. The two agents hum the same tune to Walter, and point for him to meet them further up the channel. The eyeglass-wearing assassin attempts to kill Walter, but ultimately only kills one of the agents attempting to catch up with Walter. Chris picks Walter up and the two drive to the Colonel's.

Once at the Colonel's, Walter asks him about the man at the airport - Heinz Henke. They recall "Operation Clean Sweep", where they killed five of six agents. The Colonel recalls something about a family, the family of the agent Clean Sweep didn't kill. The Colonel asks them what happened at the train station, and Walter tells him about the fiddle player. When he hums the tune, the Colonel recognizes it as from the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto, whereupon Walter recalls that "Mendelssohn" was the codename of the sixth agent who escaped "Operation Clean Sweep"; that agent was also known as Schroeder.

Later that night, Walter leaves for West Berlin, to the Marie-Louise Pension, leaving Chris in the care of Lise. Chris has a moment of honesty with Lise, who tells him about her desire to be with Walter, to have a son like Chris. Chris then leaves on a train to Frankfurt, where he'll presumably be safe with a contact of Lise's.

In the following scene, the assassin visits the Colonel, who tortures the emphysema-ridden Colonel for the Lloyds' location by depriving him of oxygen. Though the Colonel does not give them up, his caretaker does, and the assassin kills them both.

At the train station, Chris spots Carla, who's headed to Berlin to stay with friends. The two have an exchange, and Chris decides to surprise Carla by changing his travel plans to Berlin. Once in Berlin, Chris stays with Carla and the two make love. The next morning, Chris tells Carla he has to leave to find his father; she says she'll wait for him in bed.

Lise contacts Walter, informing him that "his old military friend has died..." painfully. She tells him he has been exposed, and the package he mailed to Frankfurt (referring to Chris), has not arrived. Lise warns him to be careful, before she says a tearful goodbye and embarks on a boat. While he's shaving at the pension, Walter hears a knock at the door. Suspicious, he pulls his gun and approaches the door, but to his surprise, it's Chris. He tearfully exclaims that he could've killed him, hugging him tightly and dropping the gun. Frustrated that Chris has met up with him, he fills Chris in on his plans. The two bond shortly thereafter, however, and Walter sends Chris out after a short briefing on Agency tradecraft to keep watch at a café near the pension.

Their plan is disrupted, however, when Carla appears at the café. Chris asks her how she found him, and she tells him she followed him out of jealousy. Through the window, Walter spots Chris talking to her, and gives a frustrated shrug. When Chris spots the assassin, he moves to signal his father with a newspaper, but Carla pulls a gun on him and forces him to stay put, which shocks the unsuspecting Chris. The assassin moves up to kill Walter; Chris unable to warn him. The assassin enters the apartment, but Walter suspects something and gets the drop on him, shooting the assassin dead. After the gunshot, everyone's attention goes to the window, and Chris uses the opportunity to slug Carla in the face. He runs upstairs to his father, and the two flee.

That night, after ditching the gun in a river, Walter says goodbye to Chris before heading into East Berlin. Though Chris is scared he'll never see his father again, he follows his orders and heads to the US Embassy in Berlin. Walter warns him that the CIA will be crawling all over the place, and tells Chris to tell them nothing. Once through the border in East Berlin, Walter is picked up by a motorcycle courier who takes him to a small farm in the country to meet with Schroeder (Herbert Berghof). Schroeder is at first cryptic, leaving Walter guessing as to what his desire is. Walter goes down the list of possible motives - information, of which he has none; money, which he can raise. The wheelchair-bound Schroeder beckons him over to get a closer look at him, and after a closer look, proclaims "this is the murderer of children..."

Chris, at this point, has come back into Taber's custody, where the CIA pumps him for information. Chris gives them none, much to the frustration of Clay and the other agents.

Back at Schroeder's farm, the two old men look on at the gravestones of Schroeder's family. Schroeder grimly tells Walter of the deaths of his family, a wife and two teenage children murdered in cold blood because the CIA failed to arrest Schroeder himself. Walter denies being responsible for their deaths. He even investigated the tragedy but all his people were cleared. Walter then quit, finding the promise of raising a family more appealing than a life of espionage. Though Schroeder doesn't believe his story, Walter convinces him that there's another party involved. He tells him about the assassin, of a group who's been trying to kill him since he arrived in Europe who may have "walked in both camps."

In Taber's office, Chris is contacted by his father, who updates him on the situation and tells him to head to an abandoned air force base where the CIA used to exchange captured agents with the East. Though he leaves Taber's office and proceeds alone to East Berlin, Taber and Clay catch up with him and Walter. While Walter and Taber talk, Chris walks over to the hangar nearby where he finds his mother bound and gagged, wrapped in plastic explosives.

Walter and Clay manage to defuse the bomb, at which point Taber is revealed as the double agent who betrayed both Schroeder and Walter when he pulls a gun on Walter and shoots Clay. He forces the Lloyds to kneel, but Walter gets the jump on him when Schroeder reappears. Though he denies it, it's deduced that Taber was responsible for the death of Schroeder's family, and Schroeder's man straps Taber to the chair rigged with explosives. An angry and distraught Schroeder, finally faced with the man responsible for the death of his son, his daughter, and his wife, sends Walter and Chris away with Donna in tow before blowing himself and Taber up.

The family, reunited, embrace as the hangar erupts in a massive explosion. Chris, looking on at the devastation caused by the double lives his father and the other agents have lived, realizes who his father truly is before embracing his family once again.

Cast
Gene Hackman - Walter Lloyd/Duncan (Duke) Potter
Matt Dillon - Chris Lloyd/Derek Potter
Gayle Hunnicutt - Donna Lloyd
Josef Sommer - Barney Taber
Guy Boyd - Clay
Viktoriya Fyodorova - Lise
Herbert Berghof - Schroeder
Ilona Grübel - Carla
James Selby - Ross
Ray Fry - Mason
Tomas Hnevsa - Henke
Jean-Pol Dubois - Glasses/Assassin
Robert Ground - Marine Sergeant
Véronique Guillaud - Secretary American Consulate
Charlotte Bailey - Receptionist
Randy Moore - Tour Director
Jacques Mignot - Madison Hotel Clerk
Robert Liensol - Cafe Vendor

Production
The film was Penn's first since the commercial failure Four Friends released in 1981. It was the first film shot by Penn in Europe. Filming took place in Paris, France; Berlin and Hamburg, Germany; Dallas and Corpus Christi, Texas. The film was made for $1.4 million less than its $12.9 million budget.

Reception
The film was released on November 8, 1985 on 1,085 screens in the United States and opened in second place behind Death Wish 3 with a weekend gross of $2,670,522. It grossed a total of $9 million in the United States and Canada.

References

External links

Category:1985 films
Category:1980s crime thriller films
Category:1980s independent films
Category:1980s mystery thriller films
Category:American crime thriller films
Category:American films
Category:American independent films
Category:American mystery thriller films
Category:American spy films
Category:CBS Theatrical Films films
Category:Central Intelligence Agency in fiction
Category:Films about kidnapping
Category:Films about families
Category:Films about missing people
Category:American films about revenge
Category:Films directed by Arthur Penn
Category:Films set in Germany
Category:Films set in Hamburg
Category:Films shot in Germany
Category:Films shot in Hamburg
Category:Films produced by Richard D. Zanuck
Category:Films produced by David Brown
Category:Films scored by Michael Small


Maura Kinsella

Maura Kinsella (born July 8, 1991) is an American professional racing cyclist. She rides for the Optum-Kelly Benefit Strategies team.

See also
 List of 2015 UCI Women's Teams and riders

References

External links

Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:American female cyclists
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Department of Justice and Public Administration

The Department of Justice and Public Administration (; ) is the department of the Basque Government responsible for the community's public administration and justice system. It was created in 1936 and restored in 1980 under democracy.

Ministers
 1936-1960: Jesus Maria Leizaola
 1978-1980: Jose Antonio Agiriano
 1980-1982: Carmelo Renobale
 1984-1985: Juan Porres
 1985-1991: Juan Ramon Gebera
 1991:Javier Caño
 1991-1995: Jose Ramon Rekalde
 1995-1997: Ramon Jauregi
 1997-1998: Francisco Egea
 1998-2001: Sabin Intxaurraga
 2001-2009: Joseba Azkarraga
 2009-2012: Idoia Mendia
 2012-present: Josu Erkoreka

External links

Category:Basque Government


Capital Mysteries

Capital Mysteries is a series of mystery novels for young readers written by Ron Roy. It was inaugurated in 2001 with Who Cloned the President?, illustrated by Liza Woodruff and published by Golden Books. Beginning with the third volume in 2003 it was illustrated by Timothy Bush and published by Random House.

The books follow the adventures of child detectives KC Corcoran and Marshall Li, who are best friends and spend much of their time solving mysteries around the monuments of Washington D.C. KC's mother marries the fictional President Zachary Thornton in volume 4 so that KC becomes the "First Daughter" from volume 5 onward. The marriage gives both junior detectives access to the White House and other monuments when solving cases.

Books

Random House acquired the book publishing rights of Golden Books Family Entertainment in a deal agreed on August 15, 2001. Evidently it continued publication under the Golden Books name at least to some time in 2002. Random House editions of books 1–2 were published in 2003.

 Who Cloned the President (Golden Books, 2001), illustrated by Liza Woodruff
 Kidnapped at the Capital (Golden, 2002), illus. Liza Woodruff
 The Skeleton in the Smithsonian (Random House, 2003), illus. Timothy Bush
A Spy in the White House (2004)
Who Broke Lincoln's Thumb? (2005)
Fireworks at the FBI (2006)
Trouble at the Treasury (2006)
Mystery at the Washington Monument (2007)
A Thief at the National Zoo  (2008)
The Election Day Disaster (2009)
The Secret at Jefferson's Mansion (2009)
The Ghost at Camp David (2010)
Trapped on the DC Train (2011)
 Turkey Trouble on the National Mall (Random, 2012), illus. Timothy Bush

A to Z Mysteries

KC and Marshall team up with the A-to-Z junior detectives Donald David "Dink" Duncan, Josh Pinto, and Ruth Rose Hathaway in White House White-Out (Random House, 2008), volume 3 of A to Z Mysteries: Super Edition written by Ron Roy and illustrated by John Steven Gurney.

References

External links

 Kids Reads Newsletter, April 2005 – directory linked to "our interview with Ron Roy and our feature about the A TO Z Mysteries" (not available April 2014)
 A to Z Mysteries at Kids Read (directory archived 2011-11-06) – with linked Author Information, Interview (April 25, 2005), and more
 Ron Roy (official)

  (1998–present)
  (1993–2011)

Category:Mystery novels by series
Category:Series of children's books
Category:Novels set in Washington, D.C.
Category:Children's mystery novels


List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, August 2019

August 2019

See also

References

killings by law enforcement officers
 06


Aliabad, Chenarud

Aliabad (, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Chenarud-e Jonubi Rural District, Chenarud District, Chadegan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 92, in 21 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Chadegan County


Hueidia

Hueidia is a genus of lichenized fungi within the Fuscideaceae family.

References

Category:Lecanoromycetes genera
Category:Lichens


Demet Akbağ

Demet Akbağ (née İybar; born 23 December 1959) is a Turkish theatre and film actress.

Biography
Demet Akbağ was born on 23 December 1959 in Denizli as the third child of Benan and Oktay İybar. His family was in Denizli at the time because of the duty of his grandfather as the head of justice department in the city. Her father was a journalist and photographer. She has two elder siblings, Sedef and Kemal. As her parents separated when she was 13, she and her mother and grandmother moved to Istanbul in 1972.

She later enrolled in the Istanbul Girls High School, and as her parents got separated she started attending the Erenköy Girls High School and finished her education there. After finishing high school in 1982, she entered Istanbul Municipal Conservatory and completed school in four years. Her first marriage, when she was 21, lasted four years. She started her professional career first in theatre in the early 1980s and then in television from 1987 onwards. That same year, she was chosen as the TV Star of The Year by Turkey's Association of Magazine Reporters.

Akbağ has been awarded with numerous prizes, including the Golden and Sadri Alisik Best Character Actor for her role in Vizontele, the Afife Jale Best Female Actor for Sen Hiç Ateşböceği Gördün mü?, the Golden Butterfly for Tersine Dünya in 1993, the Ismail Dumbullu (the first actress to get this prize after Suna Pekuysal) in 1995, the Golden Butterfly – Best Comedy Star of The Year in 1996, 1997 and 1998, and the MGD-Comedy Artist Award in both 1996 and 1997. She has also worked with the BKM Actors since their career starts and performed various leading roles in television including Bir Demet Tiyatro and Ölümsüz Aşk, in theatrical plays including Otogargara, Sen Hiç Ateşböceği Gördün mü?, and Bana Bir Seyhler Oluyor, as well as in movies including Where's Firuze?, Eyyvah Eyvah, Eyyvah Eyvah 2, and Eyyvah Eyvah 3.

Selected filmography

References

External links

 Biyografi.net - Biography of Demet Akbağ
 Biyografi.info Demet Akbağ

Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Denizli
Category:Turkish stage actresses
Category:Turkish film actresses
Category:Erenköy Girls High School alumni
Category:Best Supporting Actress Golden Orange Award winners
Category:Best Actress Golden Orange Award winners
Category:Golden Butterfly Award winners
Category:20th-century Turkish actresses


Welsh Crown Green Bowling Association

The Welsh Crown Green Bowling Association (WCGBA), founded 1927, is the national governing body for crown green bowling in Wales. The WCGBA organise competitions, including the Welsh Club Championship, and select and manage the national side.

See also
Welsh Bowls Federation
Welsh Bowling Association
Welsh Indoor Bowls Association
Welsh Ladies Indoor Bowling Association
Welsh Short Mat Bowls Association
Welsh Women’s Bowling Association

References

External links
Official website

Category:Sports governing bodies in Wales
Category:Bowls in Wales
Category:1927 establishments in Wales


Mission Girls' High School

Mission Girls' High School, established in 1868,  is one of the oldest schools for girls in Midnapore town, West Bengal, India.

The school follows the course curricula of West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE) and West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (WBCHSE) for Standard 10th and 12th Board examinations respectively.

Khanto Bala Rai was headmistress of the Midnapore Mission Girls' School starting in 1923. "In executive ability, tact with teachers, pupils, and patrons, and keen insight into the needs and opportunities of the school Miss Rai has shown her real worth and has greatly strengthened the school," noted a 1924 report. She described the challenges of a growing school in a 1925 letter to American Baptists. She was still principal of the school in a 1926 update.

References

Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal
Category:Schools in Paschim Medinipur district
Category:Girls' schools in West Bengal
Category:Educational institutions established in 1868
Category:1868 establishments in India