William Madocks

William Alexander Madocks (17 June 1773 – 15 September 1828) was a landowner and Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Boston in Lincolnshire from 1802 to 1820, and then for Chippenham in Wiltshire from 1820 to 1826. He is best known, however, for his activities as an agricultural improver in Gwynedd, especially around the towns of Porthmadog and Tremadog which he founded and which are named after him.

Biography
William Madocks was born in London on 17 June 1773 to middle-aged parents. He had two older brothers, John Edward, and Joseph, but his parents had suffered the death of two further infants after Joseph's birth, who was ten by the time William was born. His father was John Madocks, a barrister at Lincoln's Inn, who would go on to become an eminent King's Counsel, and his mother was Frances. When he was christened at St Andrew's Church, Holborn, he was given the name William after his grandfather, and Alexander after Alexander the Great, rather than because it was a family name. Frances was the daughter of a London merchant called Joseph Whitchurch, who came from Loughborough in County Down, Ireland, although her mother was English and they lived at Twickenham.

The Madocks family had long associations with Wales, traceable back to the time of King Henry II, and William's father inherited property at Llangwyfan and near Wrexham. As he rose to prominence in the legal profession, the family moved to a substantial Jacobean house with its own private theatre in North Cray, Kent, as the Welsh properties were too far away. At the age of eleven, he went to Charterhouse boarding school, and spent five and a half years there, but left in December 1789, when it appears that the Founder's Day celebrations got out of hand, and William refused to submit to a flogging of the whole class. His father backed his stance, and he worked briefly in a country solicitor's office before going to university at Oxford. His father hoped that he might also pursue a career in the legal service.

While there was support for parliamentary reform, particularly among students, at the start of Madocks' university career, the events of the French Revolution resulted in Radicals being viewed with suspicion, and there was little support for reform. The Napoleonic Wars
resulted in few of the gentry making grand tours of Europe, and travel to the remote parts of Britain, including the Lake District and Wales became popular. Madocks visited North Wales often, staying at the houses of the gentry. There was a tradition of house-parties and theatre, with Sir Watkin of Wynnstay holding a six-week season of plays each winter, at which Madocks and his brothers excelled. Joseph and William were noted for their duets, but the parties also offered lively discussion of land reclamation, landscaping and agricultural practices. Madocks' ideas on communities with a sense of purpose were shaped at this time by his brother's building of a house at Erith, where he also saw the benefits of reclaimed land, in this case former marshes by the River Thames.

Tan-yr-Allt
In 1798, Madocks bought the Tan-yr-Allt estate, on the western bank of Traeth Mawr, a large expanse of sand and tidal marsh which formed the estuary of the Afon Glaslyn. He set about extending his property by reclaiming Penmorfa Marsh from the estuary, and assisted by the surveyor and civil engineer James Creassy, who had experience of land drainage schemes in the Lincolnshire Fens around Boston, built a semicircular  embankment, running parallel to the course of the river, to reclaim some  of land. The embankment was between  high, and was made of sand, covered in turves. The project cost £3,000, and took 200 men with 150 barrows about six months to complete. He also supervised the construction of two catchwater drains and a large sluice, to drain the area behind the embankment. Madocks was growing wheat and rape on the reclaimed land in 1802, and planted barley and grass in 1803.

Traeth Mawr

In 1800, the British government and the Irish government both passed Acts of Parliament which created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Union with Ireland meant that there was a need for improved communication between the two countries, and Madocks was in favour of a route which crossed his estate, to reach Porthdinllaen, on the northern coast of the Llŷn Peninsula, which would provide the terminus for a ferry to Dublin. However, this route involved a crossing of the dangerous Traeth Mawr sands, near the mouth of the Afon Glaslyn, or a lengthy detour to the north to cross the river at the Aberglaslyn bridge. The alternative ferry route from Anglesey involved crossings of the River Conwy and the Menai Strait, bridges over both of which had not yet been built. Madocks therefore, emboldened by the success of his first embankment, revived a plan first proposed in 1625 by Sir Hugh Myddleton, and reconsidered in 1718 and 1770, for a more substantial stone-filled embankment across the mouth of the river Glaslyn. This would enclose some further  whilst providing safe passage across the estuary.

Arrival of Williams
The Porthdinllaen Turnpike Trust Act was obtained in 1803, and in 1807 Madocks succeeded in steering the Porthdinllaen Harbour Bill through parliament. The improved harbour had been designed by the engineer Thomas Rogers, better known for building lighthouses. Madocks also began the building of a model town at Tremadog, which he planned himself. Madocks also promoted the building of turnpike roads, as part of his plan to open up the area and increase its prosperity. He was unable to devote all his time to his projects, as since 1802 he had been the Member of Parliament for Boston in Lincolnshire, and divided his time between Boston, London and Tan-yr-Allt. He needed someone to manage his projects, and although there were several capable candidates at Boston, he knew he needed someone with Welsh language skills and a Welsh temperament. John Williams, a gardener from Anglesey, had arrived in search of work in 1800, and having helped with the construction of the first embankment, went on to manage the gardens and nurseries of the Madocks estate. A partnership soon developed, and without Williams, most of Madocks' engineering schemes would probably have foundered.

Construction of Tremadog continued. In 1805, work began on a water-powered woollen mill, which was overseen by the engineer Fanshaw. It was one of the first such installations in North Wales, but Madocks was not impressed by Fanshaw, who was dismissed, and Williams took over, completing the 'manufactory' in 1806.

Madocks asked Creassy to design the planned embankment and dam across Traeth Mawr, and in early 1806, attempted to obtain an Act of Parliament to authorise it. The year started badly, as his older brother John died in March, which weakened Madocks' financial support, Creassy died, leaving the project with no engineer, and the bill was defeated in parliament. Despite this, Madocks made two further attempts to obtain an Act of Parliament in 1807, the second of which succeeded. He would be responsible for its cost, and would in return receive the enclosed sands and some rent from reclaimed marshland. Williams decided the alignment of the  embankment, which would be  high, and five sluice gates, each  high, would allow the Glaslyn to discharge into the sea.

Construction of the Cob

The estimated cost of the stone embankment (known today as the Cob) was £23,500, and a workforce of between 200 and 300 men was engaged, which created problems with accommodating them and feeding them. Madocks hoped the work would be finished by May 1809, but the work proved to be more difficult than expected. Stones tipped into the water were carried away by the sands, and the work was battered by both the tides and the waters of the Glaslyn. Eventually, rush matting was used, to form a foundation onto which the stones could be tipped, a technique well known in Lincolnshire, but not so well known in Wales. Further progress was made using this method, but there were still two large gaps in the construction. The construction of stone piers to buttress the bank and the use of boats to dump stones into the gap helped, but the work was hampered by the Glaslyn, which should by this time have been diverted to a new course to reach the sluice gates at Ynys Tywyn at the Porthmadog end. As it had not yet been diverted, it still flowed down the middle of the estuary, and scoured the back of the embankment.

By this time, Madocks was in ill-health, and was being pursued in the courts for debts, but somehow remained enthusiastic, and in July 1811, the gap was finally closed. An impromptu celebration was held, which was reported in the North Wales Gazette. A more formal celebration was held in September, which included a four-day feast, horse racing at Morfa Bychan and an Eisteddfod, which included prizes for the best Welsh Poem on Agriculture and for playing the harp.

Parliament did not re-assemble until January 1812, and Madocks spent his time in Wales trying to resolve his financial affairs and to consolidate the embankment. As a Member of Parliament, he was immune from civil arrest while Parliament was in session, but only for forty days afterwards, and the long prorogation at the end of 1811 put him at risk of being thrown into Fleet prison, as he was being ceaselessly pursued for debt, but the Under-Sheriff at Caernarfon was clerk to John Evans, Madocks' own solicitor, and so proceedings were conveniently delayed. With Parliament reconvened, Madocks worked on steering the Boston Harbour Bill through the House of Commons.

Disaster
Disaster struck in February 1812, when a storm and high tides breached the embankment. The cost of the project had been about £60,000, much more than Madocks' first estimate, and he was in no position to finance further work. Williams circulated the news in the region, and whereas many landowners and farmers had initially been hostile to the project, they now seemed to understand its importance, and volunteered any assistance they could give. In an effort to save his estate from creditors, the land was transferred to Madocks' brother Joseph and Alexander Murray, once the clerk of his father at Lincoln's Inn. Samual Girdlestone, to whom Madocks owed £30,000, obtained a warrant on 24 March, but by the time he arrived at the estate, the land had been transferred and only Madocks personal property remained. To prevent other creditors making the estate worthless, Girdlestone bought it at its valuation cost, and became the tenant of Tan-yr-Allt. All of Madocks personal effects were sold, but there is no hint of complaint in his subsequent letters. Madocks was effectively bankrupt, but was never declared to be so, and his Parliamentary immunity again saved him from prison. Finally, in 1814, the breach in the embankment was repaired, and it was open for traffic again.

In 1814, he had a severe attack of gout and rheumatism, but sold some property in Denbighshire and recovered enough to visit France. He returned, enthusiastic to complete a bridge over Traeth Bach, the estuary of the Afon Dwyryd, which would create a route from his embankment to Harlech and Trawsfynydd. In Parliament, he was vigorously opposing the property tax, which had been introduced to fund the war against Napoleon, and opposing the repeal of the habeas corpus Act, to prevent imprisonment without trial.

Marriage
The first hints of his growing affection for Eliza Anne Hughes, who had married Roderick Gwynne but had been widowed at 21 were communicated to Williams in late 1817. She lived on her father's estate at Tregunter, in Talgarth, and Madocks took an interest in the area, including the Brecon to Hay Railway and the Brecon Canal.

Madocks was again elected to Parliament by the people of Boston in 1818, but it was the last time he represented them, as later that year he married Eliza at Talgarth, and spent much more time at Tregunter. Still suffering from illness, the journey to Boston from Tregunter was difficult, and from the election of 1820 he represented Chippenham in Wiltshire. He became part of a family which included Eliza's sister, and got on very well with Eliza's daughter Eleanora, his abilities to sing, impersonate members of the government or neighbours, and organise the decoration of her bedroom proving to be great assets. 1818 concluded with a visit to Tremadog with his new family, on a scale which was rather less grandiose than former occasions, although he still instructed Williams to organise fireworks, balls and salutes of guns. Two years later, his brother Joseph died, which should have secured Madocks' future prosperity, as he stood to inherit £12,000 from a Trust set up by his father, but he already had plans for further schemes in North Wales.

Regional plan

Madocks had always had a regional plan in his mind, which involved improving communications and creating industry. At Blaenau Ffestiniog the quarrying and mining of slates was hampered by the difficulties of getting them to market. He had once tried to develop a port at Ynys Cyngar, some  from his embankment, now known as The Cob, but the effects of diverting the Glaslyn through its exit sluice were such that it had scoured out a conveniently deep channel by Ynys Tywyn, the island at the western end of the Cob. He had already built a canal from there to Tremadog, and the Ynys Tywyn location was now better suited for a harbour than Ynys Cyngar. He realised that a railway from Blaenau Ffestiniog could transport slates directly from the quarries to ships in the harbour, and set about obtaining Acts of Parliament to sanction both, but there was some local opposition to the schemes.

A route for the railway was surveyed in 1821 by George Overton, and another by William Provis in 1824, but neither was approved by Parliament. Nor did a second scheme by Provis in 1825. However, the harbour was authorised, and could be used by vessels up to 60 tons by late 1824. Williams was by this time the Director of Works for the newly named Port Madoc Harbour, and took on responsibility for the railway plans, as Madocks was suffering from jaundice. A rival scheme, backed by the banker Meyer Rothschild, was proposed to run down the Croesor Valley on the other side of the Moelwyn mountains, but included inclines over the hills to reach Blaenau Ffestiniog. The line proposed by Provis was rejected in Parliament, in favour of Rothschild's route, but then local landowners became suspicious of the rival scheme, and it too was defeated.

Fatherhood, ill health and death

Meanwhile, Madocks became a father when his daughter Eliza Anne Ermine was born. His business letters to Williams contained snippets of information about her progress. Williams also married at this time, and his wife was also expecting a baby. Tremadog was developing, and had received favourable mention in a Tour guide, which noted that Porthmadog harbour was now suitable for boats of 120 tons. With Madocks' health deteriorating, his wife decided he needed a long holiday.

A party left to visit France, Switzerland and Italy on 31 May 1826, consisting of Madocks, his wife, step-daughter, daughter, sister-in-law, a governess for Eliza, two maids and a manservant. After staying in Paris and Geneva, they spent the winter in Florence, arriving in Rome in May 1827, and soon moving on to Naples. Throughout the trip, Madocks was in regular communication with Williams, his letters covering many aspects of running the Tremadoc estate. He hoped to return to Wales in July 1827, but did not do so, and so for the first time in 25 years, was not elected as an MP in November 1827. Although the details of a disagreement between Williams and Madocks are lost, Williams decided to leave his job. Madocks wrote him a long letter, imploring him to stay, and assuming that he would, continued to correspond on the importance of diverting the Glaslyn and other matters. The holiday party arrived back in Rome in March 1828, where Madocks received a letter from Williams, who had obviously forgotten the quarrel, and Madocks immediately replied to express his joy and gratification at the content of the letter.

As they travelled homewards, Madocks' letters to Williams and to John Etheridge, who was managing the houses at Morfa Lodge and Tan-yr-Allt, were full of new ideas and instructions to ensure things would be ready for their return. He received a letter from Williams, written in March 1828, confirming that the Glaslyn had finally been diverted, to prevent it eroding the back of the embankment, and his reply to it is his last surviving letter. Having crossed Italy and Switzerland, the party stayed in Paris, where Madocks died on 15 September 1828. No mention of the cause of death appeared in any of his obituaries, and no plaques were erected in his memory. He was buried on 17 September at Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Legacy

Despite the chaotic state of his affairs, and the debts which took some years to resolve, he left a great legacy. In 1831, coastal duties on coal and slate were abolished, a cause for which he had fought for so long, and the revival of the slate industry began. In 1836, the Ffestiniog Railway opened, largely following Provis' route of 1825, and using the Cob to reach Porthmadog Harbour. 43,000 tons of slate were exported from Porthmadog in 1845. Porthmadog grew rapidly, but the scheme for Porthdinllaen Harbour foundered, superseded by Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait, which opened up the route to Ireland via Holyhead. Tremadog did not grow much bigger, but has been studied by students of architecture and town planning many times. The Bill for Catholic Emancipation, another aim for which he had fought, was passed in 1829, and the first reformed parliament, which had been one of the main thrusts of his political career, was convened three years later.

Madocks' wife returned to Tregunter, while the Tremadog estate was split up between those who had assisted Madocks in his schemes. Williams continued to serve the local community, and organised a coming-of-age party for Madocks' daughter Eliza at Tremadog, in a style reminiscent of the great festivities on which Madocks was so keen. Porthdinllaen is now owned by the National Trust, while much of the earlier 1800 embankment was used as the route for the Croesor Tramway when it was built between 1862 and 1864. It is now used by the Welsh Highland Railway, and is regularly traversed by Garratt locomotives imported from the Alfred County Railway in South Africa.

See also
 Peniel Chapel

Bibliography

References

External links

Category:1773 births
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Category:People educated at Charterhouse School
Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
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Dolichoderus clusor

Dolichoderus clusor is a species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. Described by Forel in 1907, the species mostly live in dry sclerophyll and forages on tree trunks. Populations are known from Western Australia and South Australia. Ants of this species have been observed nesting under masses of dead grass, which were located under a stone.

References

Category:Dolichoderus
Category:Hymenoptera of Australia
Category:Insects described in 1907


Gorman Thomas

James Gorman Thomas III (born December 12, 1950) is an American former professional baseball player. He played Major League Baseball (MLB) as a center fielder and right-handed hitter. Thomas played in the American League (AL) with the Milwaukee Brewers (1973–76, 1978–83, 1986), Cleveland Indians (1983) and Seattle Mariners (1984–86).

With the Brewers, Thomas was one of the franchise's most popular players. He was a leading home run hitter in the late 1970s and early 1980s, though he hit for a low batting average and frequently struck out. Thomas had good fielding skills and his throwing arm was strong until shoulder surgery in 1984, after which he became a designated hitter until his retirement in 1986.

Early life
Thomas was born in Charleston, South Carolina. His father, Gorman Sr, was a postal worker and a former minor league pitcher. Thomas was raised in nearby James Island. His family moved to Columbia, SC where he attended Cardinal Newman High School through his Junior year, playing on a State Championship Basketball team in 1968. He attended James Island High School his Senior year. In high school, Thomas earned 14 letters in four sports - baseball, football, basketball and track. He was the first draft pick of the Seattle Pilots in 1969.

Career

Milwaukee Brewers
In 1971, Thomas played Class A baseball in the Milwaukee system. With the Danville Warriors that year, Thomas led the Midwest League in both home runs and strikeouts. The next year with the Class AA San Antonio Brewers, Thomas led the Texas League in the same two categories, registering 26 home runs versus 171 strikeouts.

Thomas spent parts of 1973 and 1974 in the major leagues with the Brewers, but he mostly played Class AAA baseball during those seasons. With the Sacramento Solons of the Pacific Coast League in 1974, Thomas finished second in the league in home runs (51), third in RBI (122), fourth in walks (93), third in runs scored (117) and first in strikeouts (175). He spent most of the next two years on the bench with the Brewers, but he enjoyed being teammates with Hank Aaron during Aaron's last two MLB seasons.

Thomas played in Class AAA for the entire 1977 season. After the season, Thomas was traded to the Texas Rangers as the player to be named later in an earlier trade for Ed Kirkpatrick. Rangers executive Dan O'Brien Sr. explained the move as a temporary "friendship deal". Brewers general manager Harry Dalton needed to open up a roster spot over the winter, and he asked O'Brien to hold Thomas on the Texas roster for a few months. In February 1978, O'Brien sold Thomas back to Milwaukee before he appeared in any games with the Rangers.

Becoming an everyday center fielder for the Brewers in 1978, Thomas hit 32 home runs to go along with 86 RBI. In 1979, Thomas enjoyed his best MLB season, compiling career high numbers in home runs (45, first in the AL), RBI (123), runs scored (97), hits (136), doubles (29), walks (98), on-base percentage (.356), total bases (300), slugging percentage (.539) and OPS (.895). He finished seventh in MVP Award voting. Thomas was affectionately known as "Stormin' Gorman."

In 1980, Thomas had another productive season, hitting 38 home runs to go along with 105 RBI, while playing in every game. Gorman followed that up in 1981 by finishing second in the AL in home runs with 21 and being named to the AL All-Star Team. He finished eighth in MVP Award voting that year. In 1982, Thomas hit an AL-high 39 home runs (tying with Reggie Jackson for the league lead) and drove in 112 runs to help the Brewers win the American League Championship and face the Cardinals in the World Series. The Brewers lost to the Cardinals in seven games, with Thomas striking out against Bruce Sutter to end the Series.

While with the Brewers, Thomas opened a bar in Milwaukee with pitcher Pete Vuckovich.  It was called "Stormin' & Vuke's", a play on their nicknames.

Trade to the Indians
In June 1983, Thomas, Jamie Easterly, and Ernie Camacho were traded to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Rick Manning and Rick Waits. Thomas's play had declined late in the 1982 season; he hit .181 after September 1, and he had only four hits in more than 40 at bats in the 1982 postseason. After the announcement of the trade, angry Brewers fans flooded the team's switchboard with phone calls criticizing the transaction.

After the 1983 season, Thomas expressed his desire for another trade, saying that he did not feel comfortable playing in Cleveland. Thomas had hit more home runs during the period from 1978 to 1983 than any other player in the AL (197).

Later career
Traded to the Seattle Mariners for the 1984 season, Thomas played in only 53 games for the team that year before he underwent season-ending rotator cuff surgery in June. In spring training before the 1985 season, Thomas had some difficulty with the timing of his swing, but he was able to swing without pain and he was looking forward to assuming Seattle's designated hitter role. Thomas was selected as The Sporting News AL Comeback Player of the Year in 1985, hitting 32 home runs and 87 RBI. However, Thomas - normally a practical joker - began to feel alienated from his teammates. At a team tenth anniversary party, Thomas was left out of a 1985 Mariners highlight video. Mariners executives said they tried to trade him away but that there was minimal interest in Thomas because of his age and his limitation to the designated hitter role.

After Dick Williams took over as the manager in Seattle toward the beginning of the 1986 season, Thomas saw decreased playing time. By late June, he was hitting .192 with 10 home runs and 26 RBI, and the team decided to release him. Thomas was making $650,000 that season and Mariners owner George Argyros had to absorb the loss of $361,000 that was still owed to Thomas under that contract. Thomas contemplated retirement, and he turned down a contract offer from the Detroit Tigers, but he signed with the Brewers a couple of weeks later to fill a designated hitter and pinch hitter role.

Thomas retired after the 1986 season. He was a career .225 hitter with 268 home runs and 782 RBI in 1435 games.

Later life
In retirement, Thomas played amateur golf and he spent time hunting and carving duck decoys. In the early 1990s, he collected limited-edition prints and considered opening an art gallery. Thomas works under a personal services contract with the Brewers to make appearances in the community and welcome visitors to Gorman's Grill at Miller Park. He was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 2003.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders

References

External links
Baseball Library

Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cleveland Indians players
Category:Milwaukee Brewers players
Category:Seattle Mariners players
Category:Sacramento Solons players
Category:Evansville Triplets players
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Category:Sportspeople from Charleston, South Carolina
Category:Sportspeople from Milwaukee
Category:Baseball players from South Carolina


Miss Kentucky Teen America Organization

The Miss Kentucky Teen America Organization allows young American girls the opportunity to compete in pageantry between the ages of 0 to 18 years old. The Miss Kentucky Teen America competition is a beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of Kentucky in the Miss Teen America pageant. The current titleholder is Gena Blair. The Miss Kentucky Teen America Princess and Kentucky's Beautiful Baby Contest are offered for participants under the age of 13 to represent the state of Kentucky. The Miss Kentucky Teen America pageant is held in Danville, Kentucky.

Eligibility
The participant must be a single, legally recognized female between the age of 13-18 years old. Specifically, the contestant has to be under 19 years old before August 1st of the upcoming pageant year. Also, the applicant must have never been married or given birth to a child. The teen entrant must not have attended college on a full-time basis prior to both the state and national pageant. Each year, the winner of the Miss Kentucky Teen America pageant competes for the Miss Teen America title, commonly held during the summer months.

Criteria
Similar to national and international pageants, this state pageant consists of an interview, fashion modeling, active wear, and evening gown competition. Specific to the teen division, the active wear competition replaces the swimsuit competition. In addition, a fun fashion modeling competition is added. There is no talent competition. Experience is not necessary, although, it may be beneficial for a contestant. Some contestants grow up competing, while others do not. Either way, experience does not contribute to the crowning of Miss Kentucky Teen America.

To begin the interview with judges, the contestant is expected to give a 30 second introduction. From there, questions are proposed by the judges from the contestant's resume. The judges look for effective communication and valid reasoning for the contestant's opinion on current issues from a local and global perspective. During the fun fashion modeling competition, the teen selects a modest outfit of choice that reflects her personality and follows the length guidelines for shorts, skirts, and dresses. The active wear competition emphasizes the importance of health, energy, and fitness. The teens are expected to wear a sports bra, tank (optional), and shorts. During the final competition, the teen selects a floor-length gown of her choice.

Prizes and Awards
Many young women pursue pageantry for the purpose of scholarship money.  In early state competitions, winners were awarded a $1,000 scholarship.  Today, the state scholarships are determined by the national organization. At the national level, the contestant crowned as Miss Teen America can earn up to a 10,000 scholarship. In the past, a teen pageant winner has received over 14,000 dollars worth of prizes. Today, the winner of Miss Kentucky Teen America receives a paid entree fee for the national pageant, Miss Teen America. In addition, she obtains a paid spokesmodel contract, as well as an interview with platform development. The winner's prizes include a state crown, rhinestone embroidered satin sash, trophy, flowers, rhinestone crown pendant, rhinestone earrings, custom tote with gifts, autograph cards, personal planner, apparel, and cosmetics.

All contestants are given a State Finalist Award and portfolio of photos.

Current Director
Since 2006, Jessica Glasscock has served as the director of the Miss Kentucky Teen America Organization. Jessica is a graduate of the University of Kentucky with a degree in Integrated Strategic Communications. Besides her role as a director, she is a current boutique owner. In 2001, she held the title of Miss Kentucky Teen America.

Other Hosted Events

Princess Pageants
The Kentucky Princess Pageants are offered for girls between the ages of 3 and 13 years old, who are interested in competing. This competition does not advance to a national level like Miss Kentucky Teen America does, meaning it does not require a contract and the girls are free to compete in other pageants within the state. The princess pageant winners work with the Miss Kentucky Teen America titleholder. Every year, this division is commonly hosted at the end of March. The Princess Pageant titleholder must attend a minimum of six public appearances throughout the year, have a social media platform, and participate in community service and photoshoots through the organization. There are four divisions: Kentucky's Tiny Miss (ages 3-5), Kentucky's Little Miss (ages 6-8), Kentucky's Young Miss (ages 9-11), and Kentucky's Junior Miss (ages 12-13). For the Princess Pageant, there are four categories, similar to the teen division, which are fun fashion, on-stage production, formal wear modeling, and an on-stage interview. Each of the four competitions makes up 25% of the contestant's total score. During the phase one competition, the princess will choose an outfit of her choice and give a 30 second introduction. For phase two, contestants will choose an appropriate dress of choice. The judges' scores are based on the style and fit of the dress, as well as the on-stage interview. It is a one question interview that exemplifies the young girl's personality. For example, a child may be asked to tell the audience what her favorite color is. Each princess contestant is entered in separate contests, Superlative Title Optionals, for competing in the pageant. Superlative titles for the contest include categories such as "prettiest smile" and "best dressed" that do not affect the results of the beauty pageant itself.

Beautiful Baby Contest
In addition, the organization offers a Kentucky's Beautiful Baby Contest. In 2013, the relatively new contest began for three age divisions. The competition ages are from newborn to 11 months old, one years old, and two years old. This is a fast pace pageant where the baby or toddler dresses up in church attire or a pageant dress that is judged on color, fit, and style. The judges attention deviates towards the "happiest" baby. Similar to the Princess Pageants, there are Superlative Title Optionals that the baby or toddler is entered in. For an additional charge of $25, the contestant can be entered in a "most photogenic" contest.

Optional Contests
For all of the teen division and some of the princess and baby divisions, there are additional contests. The contests include most photogenic, most promising model, academic achievement, community service, and an essay contest.

References

External links
Official website

Category:Kentucky beauty pageants
Category:Women in Kentucky
Category:Miss America
Category:Beauty pageants in the United States


Bluepoint Games

Bluepoint Games, Inc. is an American independent video game developer located in Austin, Texas. Vice President Andy O'Neil previously served as technical lead engineer on Metroid Prime (2002) and Metroid Prime 2: Echoes (2004) titles for Nintendo of America Inc.

History
Bluepoint Games' first title, Blast Factor (2006), launched when Sony debuted its PlayStation 3, and was one of only two downloadable PS3 games available at the time.

On August 31, 2009, it was announced that remastered versions of God of War and God of War II would be coming to the PlayStation 3 as God of War Collection. Bluepoint Games handled the port and the game was released on November 17, 2009 in North America. It was released in other regions from March to April 2010.

At the Tokyo Game Show 2010, it was announced that they would be handling a second Classics HD title port, remastering the PlayStation 2 games Ico and Shadow of the Colossus as The Ico & Shadow of the Colossus Collection for the PlayStation 3 for release in North America, Japan and Europe in September 2011. Years later, Bluepoint would remake Shadow of the Colossus for the PlayStation 4.  They also handled the Metal Gear Solid HD Collection, which includes remastered HD versions of Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance, Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, and was released November 8, 2011.

Sony Santa Monica involved Bluepoint Games in the development of PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale. The game was one of the first to feature some of Sony's cross platform functionality linking players from the PS3 with the PlayStation Vita. SuperBot Entertainment, the original developers of the PS3 version, built the game using the Bluepoint Engine. Bluepoint Games was brought in to develop the PlayStation Vita portion of the project.

Thanks to Bluepoint's successful co-development on PlayStation All-Stars, Respawn Entertainment and Electronic Arts selected Bluepoint as their co-development partner for the Xbox 360 version of Titanfall. During the early portion of Titanfall Xbox 360 development, Bluepoint remastered Flower. Flower was available at the launch of the PS4 as a digital download launch title. Bluepoint's remaster of Flower also released on the PlayStation Vita.

After Titanfall, Bluepoint Games remastered the three PS3 releases of the Uncharted franchise, bringing them to the PS4 via Uncharted: The Nathan Drake Collection. The collection was also released as a featured bundle with the PS4 for the 2015 holiday season. Much like how Bluepoint Games remastered Flower during their time co-developing Titanfall, during the development of the Uncharted Collection Bluepoint remastered the PS4 version of Gravity Rush Remastered, which released in Japan and Asia at the end of 2015 and was released internationally in early 2016.

Games

References

External links
Company website

Category:Companies based in Austin, Texas
Category:Video game companies established in 2006
Category:Video game companies of the United States
Category:Video game development companies


Singapore Badminton Hall

The Singapore Badminton Hall (Abbreviation: SBH; Chinese: 新加坡羽毛球馆; pinyin: xīnjiāpō yǔmáoqiúguǎn) is an indoor sports hall for badminton located at 1 Lorong 23 Geylang in Geylang, Singapore.

Background
Three years after the closure of the original Singapore Badminton Hall in 2008, the new Singapore Badminton Hall was opened in 2011 at Lorong 23 Geylang with an land area of 2,500 sqm. The current badminton hall has 14 of Olympic-standard courts, and was installed with permanent seatings for 400 spectators, hospitality and VIP viewing galleries, the hall was divided into two sections: with a premier section of six courts in an air-conditioned complex, and a deluxe section of eight courts without air-conditioning. There was also space to erect another 1,400 spectator seats for competitions. Outside the main hall, there is a gymnasium and 14 dormitory rooms for badminton trainees.

It currently serves as a sport venue for badminton trainings and main tournaments like Singapore Badminton Association National Age-group Doubles Championships, the Pilot Pen National Age-group Singles Championships and the Li-Ning Singapore Youth Invitational Series.

See also
 Sport in Singapore

References

Category:Sports venues completed in 2011
Category:Indoor arenas in Singapore
Category:Badminton in Singapore
Category:Geylang
Category:Badminton venues


Javaid Rehman

Javaid Rehman (born in Faisalabad, Pakistan) is a British-Pakistani legal scholar and Professor of Islamic Law and International Law at Brunel University London.

Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran
On 7 July 2018, he was appointed as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
On 6 August 2018, Javaid Rehman, wrote to the Iranian Government expressing his interest in visiting Iran. He said he had already received a number of reports raising concerns about alleged violations of human rights in the country. He commenced his duties officially on 13 July 2018.

References

External links
Rehman's CV

Category:Living people
Category:United Nations special rapporteurs
Category:1967 births
Category:British legal scholars
Category:Pakistani legal scholars
Category:Academics of Brunel University London
Category:International law scholars
Category:Alumni of the University of Hull
Category:Scholars of Islamic jurisprudence
Category:British officials of the United Nations
Category:Pakistani officials of the United Nations


Judo at the 2019 European Games – Men's 73 kg

The men's 73 kg judo event at the 2019 European Games in Minsk was held on 23 June at the Čyžoŭka-Arena.

Results

Finals

Repechage

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

References

External links
Draw Sheet

Men's 73 kg


Nagoda Royal National College

Nagoda Royal National College (; also known as Royal College Nagoda or Nagoda Royal College or Rajakeeya National School) is a national school in Nagoda, Sri Lanka.

See also
 List of schools in Southern Province, Sri Lanka

References

External links

Category:Educational institutions established in 1876
Category:National schools in Sri Lanka
Category:Schools in Galle District
Category:1876 establishments in Ceylon


List of English cardinals

This is a list of cardinals of the Catholic Church from England. It does not include cardinals of non-English national origin appointed to English ecclesiastical offices such as the cardinal protectors of England.

Dates in parentheses are the dates of elevation and death (or, in the case of Pope Adrian IV, the date of his election as pope). Cardinals of antipopes are listed in italics. Living cardinals are bolded.

Prior to the English Reformation, most English cardinals were non-bishops or Archbishop of Canterbury. Four were Archbishop of York. Since the re-establishment of the hierarchy of Roman Catholicism in England and Wales by Universalis Ecclesiae (1850), most have also been the Archbishop of Westminster. Every Archbishop of Westminster has been created cardinal. The current Archbishop of Westminster, Vincent Nichols, was elevated to the cardinalate on 22 February 2014 by Pope Francis in Rome.

12th century
Robert Pullen (1144–1146)
Nicholas Breakspeare, elected Pope Adrian IV (1149–1154)

13th century
Stephen Langton (1206–1228)
Robert of Courçon (1212–1219)
Robert Somercotes (1238–1241)
John of Toledo (1244–1275)
Robert Kilwardby (1278–1279)
Hugh of Evesham (1281–1287)

14th century
William of Macclesfield (1303), probably died before his promotion
Walter of Winterburn (1304–1305)
Thomas of Jorz (1305–1310)
John of Thoresby (1361–1373)
Simon Langham (1368–1376)
William Courtenay (1378) elevated by Pope Urban VI, but declined
Adam Easton (1381–1385 and again 1389–1397)

15th century
Philip Repyngdon, elevated by Gregory XII in 1408 but declined the promotion
Robert Hallam, elevated in 1411 by Antipope John XXIII but declined the promotion
Thomas Langley, elevated in 1411 by Antipope John XXIII but declined the promotion
Henry Beaufort (1426–1447)
John Kemp (1439–1454)
Thomas Bourchier (1467/73-1486)
John Morton (1493–1500)

16th century
Christopher Bainbridge (1511–1514)
Thomas Wolsey (1515–1530)
John Fisher (1535–1535)
Reginald Pole (1536–1558)
William Petow (1557–1559)
William Allen (1587–1594)

17th century
Philip Howard (1675–1694)

18th century
Henry Benedict Stuart (1747–1807)

19th century
Thomas Weld (1830–1837)
Charles Januarius Acton (1842–1847)
Nicholas Wiseman (1850–1865)
Henry Edward Manning (1875–1892)
Edward Henry Howard (1877–1892)
John Henry Newman (1879–1890)
Herbert Vaughan (1893–1903)

20th century
Francis Bourne (1911–1935)
Francis Aidan Gasquet (1914–1929)
Arthur Hinsley (1937–1943)
Bernard Griffin (1946–1956)
William Godfrey (1958–1963)
William Theodore Heard (1959–1973)
John Carmel Heenan (1965–1975)
Basil Hume (1976–1999)

21st century
Cormac Murphy-O'Connor (2001–2017)
Vincent Nichols (2014–present)
Michael Fitzgerald  (2019–present)

References

Cardinals
England
Cardinals


Drive All Night

Drive All Night may refer to:

Drive All Night EP, a 2013 EP by Glen Hansard, or the title track
Drive All Night, a 1995 album by Jamie Anderson
"Drive All Night", a song by Bruce Springsteen from The River
"Drive All Night", a song by Needtobreathe from The Reckoning


Miñano Mayor

Miñano Mayor is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain.

Category:Populated places in Álava


Crowther criterion

The conventional method to evaluate the resolution of a tomography reconstruction is determined by the Crowther criterion. The minimum number of views, m, to reconstruct a particle of diameter D to a resolution of d (=1/R) is given by

References

Category:Condensed matter physics
Category:Electron microscopy
Category:Medical imaging
Category:Geometric measurement
Category:X-ray computed tomography
Category:Multidimensional signal processing


Edwin of Tegeingl

Edwin of Tegeingl (born about 1020 and died 1073) was a prince or lord of the cantref of Tegeingl in north-east Wales.

Ancestry

Most medieval pedigrees identify Edwin's father as Gronwy, a descendant of Hywel Dda. He may have been a great-great-grandson of Hywel Dda although this is disputed. From his name, it is clear he had Anglo-Saxon ancestry, and his mother is believed to have been Ethelfleda or Aldgyth, daughter of Eadwine of Mercia.

Lordship of Tegeingl

Edwin is known to have been Lord or Prince of the cantref of Tegeingl. The cantref formed the eastern part of Perfeddwlad (or Y Berfeddwlad) on the northern coast of Wales between the River Clwyd and Deeside. The territory, originally forming part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, had been under the control of the Anglo-Saxons  for several centuries and then changed hands several times between the two.

Biography
Edwin was probably born between 1017 and 1020. He is believed to have resided at Trefedwen near Rhuddlan. Although Edwin is sometimes called King of Tegeingl in the medieval pedigrees there is no reference to him in the chronicles of Wales; there are, however, references to his sons. He appears to have been raised to the lordship of Tegeingl by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, ruler of most of Wales between 1055 and 1064.  Edwin married Iwerydd (or Gwerydd), sister of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Prince of Gwynedd and Powys.

Descendants
Edwin had three sons, Owain, Uchdryd, and Hywel. Many aristocratic North Wales families (particularly in Flintshire and Denbighshire) claimed descent from Edwin including the Mostyns of Mostyn and of Talacre.

References

Category:11th-century rulers in Europe
Category:11th-century Welsh people


Kurt Kostecki

Kurt Kostecki (born 4 July 1998) is an Australian racing driver currently competing in the Dunlop Super2 Series in the No. 55 Holden VF Commodore for Kostecki Brothers Racing. He is also co-driving in the Pirtek Enduro Cup alongside Bryce Fullwood in the No. 2 Holden ZB Commodore for Walkinshaw Andretti United.

Biography

Australia

Super2 Series
In December 2014, Kostecki became one of the youngest people to drive a V8 Supercar when, at the age of 16, he debuted in the Dunlop Series support race for the Sydney 500 for MW Motorsport. Failing to finish his first race and finishing 19th in the second, he was picked up by RSport. His season lasted four rounds, but with a best result of 14th he stepped down from the drive to focus on school studies and was replaced with privateer Phil Woodbury. The Kostecki family purchased two Gen2 Holden VF Commodore chassis from Triple Eight Race Engineering (who Kurt worked for as a third mechanic), running Kurt and brother Jake from 2016 onwards. His fortunes improved with six top 10 finishes (including two 4th placings) and 16th in the championship.
He finished eighth in the 2017 Super2 Series and is also competing full time in the 2018 Super2 Series.
In 2019 he switched to Triple Eight Race Engineering finishing second in the championship.

Supercars Championship
In 2016, Kostecki was also gifted the unusual opportunity to drive for Charlie Schwerkolt Racing at the Townsville and Ipswich rounds of the championship following extensive damage to the teams' original chassis and injury to driver Lee Holdsworth, seeing as he could provide the team a spare chassis. At Townsville he finished 25th in Race One and DNFed in Race Two, and in Ipswich he finished 23rd in Race One and 21st in Race Two.

For 2018, he is entered as a wildcard at round 9 at Queensland Raceway and round 11 The Bend SuperSprint driving a Holden VF Commodore.

United States
Kostecki was initially slated to run the second half of the 2014 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East alongside his cousin Brodie Kostecki, however this plan did not come to fruition.

Career Results

Career summary

Complete Super2 Series results
(key) (Round results only)

Supercars Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Bathurst 12 Hour results

References

External links
 Profile at Driver DataBase
 Profile at Racing Reference
 News, pictures & video's at Motorsport.com

Category:Living people
Category:1998 births
Category:Australian racing drivers


Henry Gross (dowser)

Henry Gross (1895–1979) was an American game warden and dowser.

Gross worked as a game warden in Biddeford, Maine. He was most well known for his search of objects and underground water by dowsing with a Y shaped stick. It was alleged by Kenneth Roberts who wrote the book Henry Gross and His Dowsing Rod (1951) that Gross located water all over Maine and in surrounding states.

Science writer Martin Gardner disputed any occult interpretation of Gross's abilities commenting that his dowsing was the result of the exaggeration,   ideomotor effect and random chance. Gardner noted that "Even in Kenneth Roberts' violently partisan book, he records an abundance of failures by Henry Gross whenever conditions approaching a scientific test were arranged. For example, Henry was unable to distinguish mason jars containing water from jars containing sand when the jars were concealed inside paper sacks. He was unable to find envelopes containing coins when they were placed on the ground beside empty envelopes." Evon Z. Vogt and Ray Hyman also examined the reports of his dowsing in depth and concluded the cause was ideomotor action and suggestion.

Robert P. Sharp a geology expert noted that the dowsing experiments Gross was involved in were poorly designed and his claims were at odds with groundwater behaviour and research from geophysics.  In 1961 Mr. Gross appeared as a mystery challenger on the television game show "To Tell The Truth".

References

Further reading

Kenneth Roberts. (1951). Henry Gross and His Dowsing Rod. Doubleday.
Evon Z. Vogt, Ray Hyman (1959). Water Witching U.S.A. University of Chicago Press.

Category:1895 births
Category:1979 deaths
Category:Dowsing
Category:People from Biddeford, Maine


Chondroitin ABC lyase

Chondroitin ABC lyase ( , chondroitinase, chondroitin ABC eliminase, chondroitinase ABC) is an enzyme with systematic name chondroitin ABC lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

 Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups

This enzyme acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate and dermatan sulfate.

Uses

Following a spinal cord injury, this enzyme can be used to erode scar tissue that can interfere with regeneration.

References

External links

Category:EC 4.2.2
Category:Regenerative biomedicine


Inbetweener

Inbetweener may refer to:

 "Inbetweener" (song), a song by Sleeper
 Inbetweener, an animator's assistant who performs the task of inbetweening
 In-Betweener, a fictional character in comic books published by Marvel Comics
 The Inbetweeners, a 2008–2010 British TV comedy series
 The Inbetweeners Movie, a 2011 British film based on the TV series
 The Inbetweeners 2, a 2014 British comedy film sequel to The Inbetweeners Movie
 The Inbetweeners (U.S. TV series), a 2012 U.S. remake of the British TV series

See also
 In Between (disambiguation)
 Inbetween (disambiguation)


Benjamin Beauchamp

Benjamin Beauchamp (21 December 1842 – 3 March 1913) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Saint-Hermas, Canada East, the son of Benjamin Beauchamp and Marie Meloche, Beauchamp was educated at Jacques-Cartier Normal School in Montreal receiving a first-class teachers' certificate. He obtained both classes of certificates at the School of Military Instruction in 1865. An agriculturist, he was secretary of the Agricultural Society of Deux-Montagnes, Quebec.

He was a member of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Deux-Montagnes.

References

Category:1842 births
Category:1913 deaths
Category:Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs


Harjipur

Harjipur is a village of Khol Block of Rewari, Rewari district, Haryana, India. It is in Gurgaon Division. It is  west of the District headquarters at Rewari. Its postal head office is Khori. It is located near Khori Railway station.

Adjacent villages
Bawana Gujar , Mailawas , Pithrawas , Khori , Pali  are villages near Harjipur. It has an old shiv mandir.

References

Category:Villages in Rewari district


Molly Sims

Molly Sims (born May 25, 1973) is an American model and actress. She has appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and played Delinda Deline in the NBC drama Las Vegas.

Personal life
Sims was born on May 25, 1973, in Murray, Kentucky, the daughter of Dottie and Jim Sims. She has an older brother, Todd. She is of German descent on her mother's side and English and Cherokee on her father's side. Following her graduation from Murray High School in 1991, Sims enrolled in Vanderbilt University to study political science. In 1993, when Sims was 19 years old, she dropped out to pursue a career in modeling. At Vanderbilt, she was a member of Delta Delta Delta.

Sims married Scott Stuber on September 24, 2011. The couple have three children: sons born in June 2012 and January 10, 2017 and a daughter, born in March 2015.

Career
Sims was an official spokesmodel for Old Navy ads known for using the tag line "You gotta get this look!" She appeared in the Sports Illustrated "Swimsuit Issue" in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 and 2006 as well as MTV's House of Style. In the 2006 issue of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue she appeared in a photo wearing a bikini designed by Susan Rosen worth $30 million that was made of diamonds. She is a CoverGirl model and is signed to Next Models Management in New York City.

She appeared as Delinda Deline, for all five seasons of the series Las Vegas.

She has appeared in several comedy films, such as The Benchwarmers, Yes Man, The Pink Panther 2 and Fired Up.

She has also appeared in "We Are All Made of Stars" music video by Moby in 2002.

In 2004, Sims launched Grayce by Molly Sims, a jewelry line which consists of necklaces, earrings, rings and bracelets. The collection is available at HSN, Henri Bendel, Scoop, Ron Herman and Matches London.

On December 6, 2008, Sims appeared in the video for The Lonely Island's "Jizz in My Pants" as the girl with Andy Samberg in the beginning of the skit.

She has been a guest and panelist on numerous talk shows and was an official contributor on season 19 of The View from 2015 to 2016.

Community involvement
Sims is a Global Ambassador for Population Services International's Five & Alive program, which addresses health crises facing children under the age of five and their families. She is also an ambassador for Operation Smile.

Filmography

References

External links

Molly Sims at MTV

Category:1973 births
Category:Female models from Kentucky
Category:American film actresses
Category:American television actresses
Category:Living people
Category:Murray High School (Kentucky) alumni
Category:People from Murray, Kentucky
Category:Actresses from Kentucky
Category:Vanderbilt University alumni
Category:21st-century American actresses
Category:American people of German descent


1936 Costa Rican general election

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 9 February 1936. León Cortés Castro of the Independent National Republican Party won the presidential election, whilst the party also won the parliamentary election, in which they received 59.4% of the vote. Voter turnout was 68.8% in the presidential election and 68.9% in the parliamentary election.

Campaign
The Communist Party of Costa Rica manages to register as a political party for the first time in Costa Rican history.

While there was, again, a movement seeking the re-election of Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, he rejected it emphatically arguing that such a thing went against democracy. Cortés resigned his portfolio as Secretary of Development with clear presidential interests and the cortesismo is gradually taking the reins of Congress and the Republican Party. However, Cortés has many detractors, especially for his sympathies with Nazism, and the opposition tries to select a candidate to face it. The ex-president Julio Acosta was temporarily pre-candidate but finally renounces his aspirations by lack of support, and Alberto Echandi declines to participate as a candidate against Cortés, citing questions of honor, since he was in debt to him. Nor is it possible to convince Alfredo González Flores or Dr. Moreno Cañas to launch their candidacies. This leads the opponent Carlos María Jiménez Ortiz to assure that in said election it was necessary to choose between; "Cortesism or communism, the extreme right and the extreme left, fascism and sovietism." But finally the diplomat and former president of the Supreme Court Octavio Beeche Argüello accepts being a candidate for the National Party.

During the campaign there were strong attacks. Beeche was accused of being a foreigner and communist while Cortes was labeled as authoritarian, fascist and tyrant. It was the first election in which the newly founded Costa Rican Communist Party participated under the nomenclature of the Workers 'and Peasants' Bloc. Its original candidate, Manuel Mora Valverde, had to be replaced by the writer Carlos Luis Sáenz since Mora did not have the minimum age of 30 the Constitution required to be president.

During the campaign Cortés used a rabid anti-Communist discourse, positioning himself as the "champion" that would protect the country against that doctrine.

The vote for the Congress was almost identical, obtaining the party of Cortés 59%, Beeche's vote exactly the same amount (34%) and the Workers 'and Peasants' Bloc a little more of parliamentary votes than presidential votes with 6%.

Results

President

Parliament

References

Category:1936 elections in Central America
Category:1936 in Costa Rica
Category:Elections in Costa Rica


Barcombe Mills

Barcombe Mills is a small settlement and an area of countryside including a local nature reserve near the village of Barcombe Cross in East Sussex, England. It is located in the civil parish of Barcombe in the Lewes District. It is an important area for its wildlife, natural environment and water storage. The River Ouse and Andrew's Stream, one of its tributaries and popular for fishing, flow through the area and Barcombe Reservoir is adjacent. The area includes a small hamlet and some farms, including Barcombe House, and a water treatment works.

There were mills in the parish of Barcombe as far back as the 11th century. Thomas and Denise Erith are recorded as holding a corn mill at the beginning of the 16th century. Although the original mills were destroyed by fire in 1939, several pillboxes from the Second World War, a beautiful large brick bridge and many weirs remain.

The old road through the Mills features a former toll bridge which still displays its tolls in pre-decimalisation currency and a plaque mentioning that it was featured in the Domesday Book commissioned by William I.

The local pub is the Anchor Inn, where canoes can be hired for trips down the Ouse. This public house, however, is situated about a kilometre to the north of the main hamlet and cannot be accessed directly by road from Barcombe Mills. It can be accessed along the disused trackbed of the railway or by walking over footpaths. It can also be reached by car by driving into the village of Barcombe Cross and turning right; it is then signposted down the dead-end Anchor Lane. The pub's address is in Barcombe Mills but it is generally considered as an offshoot of Barcombe Cross or Spithurst.

The disused Barcombe Mills railway station served the village until 1969.

Now just a collection of houses and a water treatment works, the area once had a thriving community. A pub called the Anglers' Rest (formerly known as the Railway Inn) closed in the 1990s. This was situated next to the former railway station. A restaurant was also present in the former railway station and this closed soon after the pub. Many more houses were also present at one time when the oil mills and the button factory still existed on the banks of the Ouse. The tributaries, weirs and millstreams cut to feed this are still obvious today - this is why the river takes such a bizarre course at Barcombe Mills. The hamlet is signposted from the village of Barcombe Cross but from nowhere else. In early 2018 two village signs were erected along Barcombe Mills Road, one at either side of the hamlet.

Since it has lost many of its services it has reduced to a quiet backwater consisting of houses, farms and the Bob Davis Scout Hut which is used by the 1st Barcombe Scout Group in the summer months.

Flooding
Barcombe Mills is at the River Ouse's tidal limit and is also on its flood plain. The fields around Barcombe Mills sometimes flood in winter, occasionally closing the road which bypasses the hamlet. A few of the hamlet's lower-lying houses were damaged by water when the Ouse in Lewes flooded in October 2000, described as a "once in a hundred years" event. The area is known to have been subject to flooding since Roman times.

Tourism
The area is extremely popular with visitors in the summer who come to enjoy the beautiful riverside scenery on foot or by bicycle. There are numerous footpaths and a permissive bridleway along the disused trackbed of the railway to Anchor Lane. Many people enjoy walking, picnicking and swimming in the river in the summer months. Self-catering accommodation is available in the converted down waiting room of the former railway station.

Fishing
The River Ouse is extremely popular with anglers for its carp, pike, trout and other species of popular fish. There are long stretches of river interspersed with many pools which make for high quality fishing. The Ouse Angling Preservation Society and Isfield Angling Club hold rights to the river with Isfield leasing out their stretch to the Lewes Angling Club also.

The river is also home to trout and migratory sea trout are seeing an increase. Andrew's Stream and the pool underneath the automatic sluice gates are popular with trout fisherman. Pike are also prevalent along with high quality carp and other species such as roach, rudd and foreign pumpkinseed and grass carp.

The vast Barcombe Reservoir used by South East Water's water treatment works to extract water for drinking is also popular with fly fishermen fishing for trout. The fact that the water is extracted for drinking shows the clean quality of the Ouse's waters.

Local wildlife
Local bird and mammal species include: moorhen, mallard, mute swan, greylag goose, rabbit, barnacle goose, Canada goose, robin, blue tit, herring gull, sheep, cattle and grey wagtail. Most of the geese nest in the fenced off reservoir area. Rare freshwater mussels are also to be found in the quieter drains and streams that are in confluence with the Ouse.

Transport
The hamlet features the disused Barcombe Mills railway station which was on the former Lewes-Uckfield line. There is strong support for the re-opening of the line by the Wealden Line Campaign. The campaign has featured much prominence at national level , however a study by Network Rail considered the reopening technically but not economically feasible. However the group and local politicians are still campaigning.

The nearest open station is at Lewes. The nearest port is Newhaven, East Sussex and the nearest airport is at Shoreham. This airport sees mainly private planes and a few light flights to France and the Channel Islands. The nearest major airport is London's Gatwick Airport near Crawley.

The settlement lies along Barcombe Mills Road which leads north into the village of Barcombe Cross, giving access to the A275 and north to Newick and south to the A26.

The hamlet sees three buses a day into Lewes (one in the morning, two in the afternoon) and three return journeys in the afternoon and the evening on the 125 service operated by Compass Travel. The 125 only operates to Barcombe Mills on weekdays only.

References

External links
 http://wealdenline.org.uk/

Category:Villages in East Sussex
Category:Lewes District


1922 Wisconsin Badgers football team

The 1922 Wisconsin Badgers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1922 Big Ten Conference football season. The team compiled a 4–2–1 record (2–2–1 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference, shut out four of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 101 to 22. John R. Richards was in his sixth and final year as Wisconsin's head coach.

Quarterback Rollie Williams was the team captain. Tackle Marty Below was selected as a first-team All-American by Norman E. Brown, sports editor of the Central Press Association. Three Wisconsin players received first-team honors on the 1922 All-Big Ten Conference football team: Marty Below, Rollie Williams, and end Gus Tebell.

The team played its home games at Camp Randall Stadium, which had a seating capacity of 14,000.  During the 1922 season, the average attendance at home games was 11,075.

Schedule

References

Wisconsin Badgers
Category:Wisconsin Badgers football seasons
Badgers


Tanis

Tanis ( ; ;  ; ;  ;  or ) is a city in the north-eastern Nile Delta of Egypt. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile which has long since silted up.

History

Tanis is unattested before the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, when it was the capital of the 14th nome of Lower Egypt. The earliest known Tanite buildings are datable to the 21st Dynasty. Although some monuments found at Tanis are datable earlier than the 21st Dynasty, most of these were in fact brought there from nearby cities, mainly from the previous capital of Pi-Ramesses, for reuse.

During the late New Kingdom, the royal residence of Pi-Ramesses was abandoned because of its branch of the Nile being silted up and its harbour consequently becoming unusable. After Pi-Ramesses' abandonment, Tanis became the seat of power of the pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty, and later of the 22nd Dynasty (along with Bubastis). The rulers of these two dynasties supported their legitimacy as rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt with traditional titles and building works, although they pale compared to those at the height of the New Kingdom. A remarkable achievement of these kings was the building and subsequent expansions of the Great temple of Amun-Ra at Tanis (at the time, Amun-Ra replaced Seth as the main deity of the eastern Delta), while minor temples were dedicated to Mut and Khonsu whom, along with Amun-Ra, formed the Theban Triad. Many of these rulers were also buried at Tanis in a new royal necropolis, which replaced the one in the Theban Valley of the Kings.

In later times Tanis lost its status of royal residence, yet it remained populated until its abandonment in Roman times.

In Late Antiquity, it was the seat of the bishops of Tanis, who adhered to the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Ruins

Tanis was the site of numerous archaeological digs beginning in the 19th century, involving Flinders Petrie and Auguste Mariette.

In 1866, Karl Richard Lepsius discovered at Tanis the Decree of Canopus—an inscription closely related to the Rosetta Stone, which was likewise written in Egyptian (hieroglyphic and demotic) and Greek. This discovery contributed significantly to the decipherment of hieroglyphics.

There are ruins of a number of temples, including the chief temple dedicated to Amun, and a very important royal necropolis of the Third Intermediate Period (which contains the only known intact royal pharaonic burials — the tomb of Tutankhamun having been entered in antiquity). Many of the stones used to build the various temples at Tanis came from the old Ramesside town of Qantir (ancient Pi-Ramesses/Per-Ramesses), which caused many former generations of Egyptologists to believe that Tanis was, in fact, Per-Ramesses. However, the burials of three pharaohs of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties — Psusennes I, Amenemope and Shoshenq II  — survived the depredations of tomb robbers throughout antiquity. They were discovered intact in 1939 and 1940 by Pierre Montet and proved to contain a large catalogue of gold, jewelry, lapis lazuli and other precious stones, as well as the funerary masks of these kings.

The chief deities of Tanis were Amun; his consort, Mut; and their child Khonsu, forming the Tanite triad. This triad was, however, identical to that of Thebes, leading many scholars to speak of Tanis as the "northern Thebes".

In 2009, the Egyptian Culture Ministry reported archaeologists had discovered the site of a sacred lake in a temple to the goddess Mut at the San al-Hagar archaeological site in ancient Tanis. The lake, built out of limestone blocks, had been 15 meters long and 12 meters wide.  It was discovered 12 meters below ground in good condition. This was the second sacred lake found at Tanis. The first lake at the site had been identified in 1928.

In 2011, analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery, led by archaeologist Sarah Parcak of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, found numerous related mud-brick walls, streets, and large residences, amounting to an entire city plan, in an area that appears blank under normal images. A French archeological team selected a site from the imagery and confirmed mud-brick structures approximately 30 cm below the surface. However, the assertion that the technology showed 17 pyramids was denounced as "completely wrong" by the Minister of State for Antiquities at the time, Zahi Hawass.

Tanis and the Bible

The Biblical story of Moses being found in the marshes of the Nile River () is often set at Zoan ( Ṣōʕan), which is commonly identified with Tanis. However, no supporting archaeological evidence has been unearthed, and the demise of the city may well have been caused by the relocation of Nile tributaries rather than a non-historical occupation by the Israelites.

In popular culture
Tanis is fictitiously portrayed in the 1981 Indiana Jones film Raiders of the Lost Ark, as a lost city which was buried in antiquity by a massive sandstorm until being rediscovered by a Nazi expedition looking for the Ark of the Covenant.

The novel The World's Desire by H. Rider Haggard is set primarily in Tanis.

See also
Canopus, Egypt

Notes

References

Bibliography
Association française d’Action artistique. 1987. Tanis: L’Or des pharaons. (Paris): Ministère des Affaires Étrangères and Association française d’Action artistique.
Brissaud, Phillipe. 1996. "Tanis: The Golden Cemetery". In Royal Cities of the Biblical World, edited by Joan Goodnick Westenholz. Jerusalem: Bible Lands Museum. 110–149.
Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. [1996]. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC). 3rd ed. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited.
Loth, Marc, 2014. "Tanis – 'Thebes of the North’“. In "Egyptian Antiquities from the Eastern Nile Delta", Museums in the Nile Delta, Vol. 2, ser. ed. by Mohamed I. Bakr, Helmut Brandl, and Faye Kalloniatis. Cairo/Berlin: Opaion.
Montet, Jean Pierre Marie. 1947. La nécropole royale de Tanis. Volume 1: Les constructions et le tombeau d’Osorkon II à Tanis. Fouilles de Tanis, ser. ed. Jean Pierre Marie Montet. Paris: .
———. 1951. La nécropole royale de Tanis. Volume 2: Les constructions et le tombeau de Psousennès à Tanis. Fouilles de Tanis, ser. ed. Jean Pierre Marie Montet. Paris: .
———. 1960. La nécropole royale de Tanis. Volume 3: Les constructions et le tombeau de Chechanq III à Tanis. Fouilles de Tanis, ser. ed. Jean Pierre Marie Montet. Paris.
Stierlin, Henri, and Christiane Ziegler. 1987. Tanis: Trésors des Pharaons. (Fribourg): Seuil.
Yoyotte, Jean. 1999. "The Treasures of Tanis". In The Treasures of the Egyptian Museum, edited by Francesco Tiradritti. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. 302–333.

External links

 French Archaeological Mission of Tanis (Mission française des fouilles de Tanis)
 Société Française des Fouilles de Tanis
Archaeology Magazine article on Treasures of Tanis
Tanis: San el-Hagar
Tanis in Encyclopaedia of the Orient
Travel information for Tanis

Category:Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC
Category:Populated places disestablished in the 6th century
Category:Hebrew Bible cities
Category:Former populated places in Egypt
Category:Nile Delta
Category:10th century BC in Egypt
Category:Former capitals of Egypt
Category:Cities in ancient Egypt


Su I-chieh

Su I-Chieh (born 28 January 1987 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese professional basketball player. He plays for the Dacin Tigers of the Super Basketball League. Yang also plays for the Chinese Taipei national basketball team and made his national team debut at the FIBA Asia Championship 2009.

Born in Taipei, the 22-year-old Su played primarily off the bench for the Chinese Taipei team at the 2009 Asian Championship.  In his most extensive action of the tournament, he had game highs in assists in Chinese Taipei's preliminary round victories over Kuwait and Uzbekistan.

References

Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:Guangzhou Long-Lions players
Category:Point guards
Category:Shooting guards
Category:People from Keelung
Category:Taiwanese men's basketball players

Category:Taiwanese expatriate basketball people in China


2002 Oceania Swimming Championships

The 2002 Oceania Swimming Championships were held 11–14 June in Nouméa, New Caledonia.

All swimming competition listed below were swum in a 50m (long-course) pool.

Participating countries
The 2002 Oceania Swimming Championships featured 117 swimmers from:

Event schedule

 Semifinals were held in the 50s and 100s. In the 50s the semifinals were held the same evening as the final; in the 100s the semifinals were held the night before the finals.

Results

Swimming

Men

Women

Overall medal table

References

2002 Oceania Championships results (from www.swiminfo.co.nz) for: Swimming, 5K, 10K, Synchro

Oceania
Oceania Swimming Championships, 2002
Oceania Swimming Championships, 2002
Oceania Swimming Championships, 2002
Category:Oceania Swimming Championships
Category:International aquatics competitions hosted by New Caledonia


Pierre Belon

Pierre Belon (1517–1564) was a French traveler, naturalist, writer and diplomat. Like many others of the Renaissance period, he studied and wrote on a range of topics including ichthyology, ornithology, botany, comparative anatomy, architecture and Egyptology. He is sometimes known as Pierre Belon du Mans, or, in the Latin in which his works appeared, as Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus. Ivan Pavlov called him the "prophet of comparative anatomy".

Life
Belon was born in 1517 at the hamlet of Souletière near Cérans-Foulletourte. His family was not wealthy and as a boy, he worked as an apprentice at an apothecary at Foulletourte. He later (c. 1535) worked as an apothecary to the bishop of Clermont, Guillaume Duprat. He then travelled through Flanders and England, taking a keen interest in zoology. When he returned to Auvergne, he was supported by René du Bellay, bishop of Le Mans, to study at the University of Wittenberg with the botanist Valerius Cordus (1515—1544). He travelled around Germany with Cordus and on his arrival at Thionville, was arrested on suspicions that he was a Lutheran. He was released by the interventions of a certain Dehamme who was an admirer of his friend from Paris, the poet Pierre Ronsard. Around 1542 he studied medicine at Paris, and obtained a licentiate in medicine although he never took the degree of doctor. With the recommendation of Duprat, he became an apothecary to Cardinal François de Tournon. Under this patronage, he was able to undertake extensive scientific voyages. Starting in 1546, he travelled through Greece, Crete, Asia Minor, Egypt, Arabia and Palestine, and returned in 1549. He hoped to find the remains of Homer's Troy in the Levant. A full account of his Observations on this journey, with illustrations, was published in Paris, 1553. Returning to the household of Cardinal de Tournon at Rome for the Papal conclave, 1549-1550, Belon encountered the naturalists Guillaume Rondelet and Hippolyte Salviani. He returned to Paris with his copious notes and began to publish. In 1557 he travelled again, this time in northern Italy, Savoy, the Dauphiné and Auvergne.

Belon was highly favored both by Henry II and by Charles IX, who accorded him lodging in the Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne; there he undertook the translations of Dioscurides and Theophrastus. He was assassinated by thieves one evening in April 1564, when coming through the Bois on his return from Paris.

Works

Belon was typical of the renaissance scholar and took an interest in "all kinds of good disciplines" in his lifetime. He was interested in zoology, botany and classical Antiquity. Besides the narrative of his travels he wrote several scientific works of considerable value.

His first book was Histoire naturelle des estranges poissons (1551) and despite its title was a work mainly on the dolphin; it did have woodcuts of some fishes, possibly the first among printed books in the West.

His second book, De aquatilibus (in Latin, 1553) greatly expanded on the first and included a description of 110 species of fish, with illustrations; it was a work that laid the foundation of modern ichthyology. Its French translation La nature et diversite des poissons Paris, 1555, was followed by an edition of 1560 and the volume was reprinted in Frankfurt and Zurich. His works were translated by Carolus Clusius, and he was held in high authority by Ulisse Aldrovandi.

In his L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux (1555) he included two figures of the skeletons of humans and birds marking the homologous bones. This is widely used as one of the earliest ideas on comparative anatomy.

Books

All of the following were first published in Paris.
1551:  L'histoire naturelle des estranges poissons marins, avec la vraie peincture & description du Daulphin, & de plusieurs autres de son espece. Observee par Pierre Belon du Mans. A Paris. 1551.
1553:  De aquatilibus. Libri duo Cum eiconibus ad vivam ipsorum effigiem, Quoad eius fieri potuit, expressis. Parisiis, 1553.
 1555: La nature et diversite des poissons avec leurs pourtraicts representez au plus pres du naturel. Paris, 1555.
1553: De arboribus Coniferis, Resiniferis aliisque semper virentibus..., a basic text on conifers, pines and evergreens.
1553 De admirabili operi antiquorum et rerum suspiciendarum praestantia..., treating the funerary customs of Antiquity, in three volumes, of which separate titles head the second, on mummification (De medicato funere seu cadavere condito et lugubri defunctorum ejulatione) and third (De medicamentis nonnullis, servandi cadaveris vim obtinentibus).
1553: Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie et autres pays étrangèrs.
1555: revised edition of the Observations; it was translated into Latin for an international readership by Clusius, 1589.
1555: L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux.

Memorials
A genus in the plant family Gesneriaceae was named as Bellonia in his honour by Charles Plumier. The saltwater fish genus Belone was also named after him by the preeminent ichthyologist Georges Cuvier, along with the family and order it belongs to, Belonidae and Beloniformes respectively.  A statue of Belon was erected at Le Mans in 1887.

Explanatory notes

References
Citations

Bibliography

External links

 L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux (1555)
 L'histoire naturelle des estranges poissons marins... (1551)
 Sketch of Pierre Belon
  Travels in the Levant: The Observations of Pierre Belon of Le Mans on Many Singularities and Memorable Things Found in Greece, Turkey, Judaea, Egypt, Arabia and Other Foreign Countries (1553). Translated into English by James Hogarth, with an Introduction by Alexandra Merle. Hardinge Simpole Publishers, 2012.

Category:1517 births
Category:1564 deaths
Category:People from Sarthe
Category:French ichthyologists
Category:French travel writers
Category:16th-century French writers
Category:16th-century male writers
Category:French male non-fiction writers
Category:French expatriates in the Ottoman Empire


To the Bottom of the Sea

To the Bottom of the Sea is the sixth studio album by Cuban American dark cabaret singer Voltaire. It was released in 2008, and would be the first album by Voltaire to be released through his then-newly-founded label Mars Needs Music (named after his son, Mars). It is a loose concept album, set in the fictional country of Vorutania.

Polish musician Julia Marcell would provide additional vocals for the duet "This Sea"; Voltaire would also cover a song by her, "Accordion Player", originally present in her 2007 EP Storm.

Voltaire's son Mars is among the ones who provided additional vocals for the track "Stakes and Torches (The Uprising of the Peasants)".

Franz Nicolay of The World/Inferno Friendship Society provided the accordions for the album, in his first collaboration with Voltaire.

A music video was made for the track "Happy Birthday (My Olde Friend)"; it would be Voltaire's first (and only so far) music video ever.

Background
"Coin-Operated Goy" is a cover/parody of The Dresden Dolls' "Coin-Operated Boy", originally written by Amanda Palmer and Brian Viglione.

Voltaire stated that he originally wrote "The Beast of Pirate's Bay" to entertain Mars and his friends during one of Mars' birthday parties, even though the version included in To the Bottom of the Sea was slightly modified; the original, unaltered version of the song would be included on the 2010 compilation Spooky Songs for Creepy Kids.

In his official YouTube channel, Voltaire disserts on the meanings of the album's songs and what inspired him to write them.

Track listing

Personnel
 Voltaire — vocals
 Matthew Goeke — cello
 Glenn Sorino — drums, additional vocals (track 3)
 Gregor Kitzis — violin
 Franz Nicolay — accordion
 Julia Marcell — additional vocals (track 7)
 Doe Deere — piano
 Johnny Kalsi — goblet drum
 Reut Regev — trombone
 Andy Navarro, Ian Danger, Jasper Vigil, Mars — additional vocals (track 3)

References

External links
 Voltaire's official website

Category:2008 albums
Category:Voltaire (musician) albums
Category:Concept albums


Surrey County

Surrey County may refer to:

 Surrey County, Jamaica
 Surrey, England

See also
 Surry County (disambiguation)


Gateway, San Diego

Gateway is a neighborhood of the Mid-City region of San Diego, California.

Geography
Gateway's borders are defined by State Route 15 to the West, Interstate 805 to the Northeast, Home Avenue to the Southeast, and State Route 94 to the South.

Education
 Rowan Elementary School (San Diego Unified School District)

External links
Map:

Category:Neighborhoods in San Diego


Himanshu Mantri

Himanshu Mantri (born 9 February 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 17 December 2019, for Madhya Pradesh in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy.

References

External links

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Indian cricketers
Category:Madhya Pradesh cricketers
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Lincoln Stars

The Lincoln Stars are a Tier I junior ice hockey team playing in the United States Hockey League (USHL). The Stars' home ice is the Ice Box on the former Nebraska State Fair grounds and adjacent to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.

History
With prompting of Lincoln realtor Mark Claydon, who spear-headed an effort to build the city's first and only indoor ice arena, the Stars came to Lincoln in 1996. Led by Derek Reynolds and future NHL player Josh Langfeld, the Stars posted a 40–13–1 regular season record, the best expansion season in USHL history. The Stars continued their domination through the playoffs, losing just two playoff games en route to winning the Clark Cup. Every game was sold out at the 4,231-seat Ice Box. The success continued through the following seasons; the Stars sold out every home game until early 2002. In 1998, the Ice Box was expanded to 5,010 seats in preparation for the USA Hockey National Championships (Junior A). The capacity was later reduced to 4,610, as some bleacher seats were converted to club seating.

The Stars have made the playoffs nine of their first ten seasons and won their second Clark Cup in 2003. Led by players such as Danny Irmen, the Stars defeated the rival Omaha Lancers in the Clark Cup finals.

Alumni
Notable Stars alumni includes Brandon Bochenski (Tampa Bay Lightning), Andy Schneider (Pittsburgh Penguins organization), David Backes (Boston Bruins), Josh Langfeld (San Jose Sharks), Jared Boll (Columbus Blue Jackets), Evan Rankin (Syracuse Crunch), Erik Condra (Ottawa Senators) and Brandon Bollig (Chicago Blackhawks - NHL Stanley Cup Champions).

Lincoln players have also made names for themselves in the NCAA Championship Game.  Three former Stars have scored championship-winning overtime goals:  Josh Langfeld (University of Michigan—1998 vs. Boston College), Grant Potulny (University of Minnesota—2002 vs. University of Maine) and Colby Cohen (Boston University—2009 vs. Miami University).

References

External links
Lincoln Stars

Category:United States Hockey League teams
Category:Sports in Lincoln, Nebraska
Category:Ice hockey teams in Nebraska
Category:1996 establishments in Nebraska
Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 1996


Zygmuntowo, Gmina Opinogóra Górna

Zygmuntowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opinogóra Górna, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Opinogóra Górna,  north-east of Ciechanów, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Category:Villages in Ciechanów County


Publius Aelius Paetus

Publius Aelius Paetus (fl. c. 240 BC – 174 BC) was a Roman consul of the late 3rd century BC. He was a prominent supporter and ally of Scipio Africanus, and was elected censor with Africanus in 199.

Family
Publius Aelius Paetus was apparently the elder surviving son of Quintus Aelius Paetus, a praetor who was killed at Cannae in August 216 BC. The father may have been descended from Publius Aelius Paetus, who was consul in 337 BC and a Master of the Horse, and as such, one of the earliest plebeian consuls; another ancestor may have been Gaius Aelius Paetus, consul in 286 BC.

His younger brother was Sextus Aelius Paetus Catus who became consul in 198 and censor in 194, and is best known to us via Cicero as a jurist and commentator on the Twelve Tables. Publius was also a jurist.

Political life
Aelius Paetus makes relatively few appearances in Livy's History of Rome. He was aedile in 204 BC, was elected praetor in 202 BC and then selected as Master of the Horse, and became consul in 201 with Gnaeus Cornelius L.f. Lentulus.

In his year as consul, he made a treaty with the Ingauni Ligures and was appointed one of the ten decemvirs for the distribution of lands of the ager publicus among the veteran soldiers of Scipio Africanus in Samnium and Apulia.

In 199 he was elected censor with Africanus himself. The two censors were relatively liberal in their lustrum and degraded none.

Paetus died in 174 during a pestilence at Rome, as recorded by Livy in a fragmentary chapter.

His son was Quintus Aelius Paetus, who became consul in 167.

References

Sources
Livy, History of Rome

Paetus, Publius
Category:Roman Republican praetors
Category:Roman Republican consuls
Category:Roman censors
Category:3rd-century BC births
Category:174 BC deaths
Category:Ancient Roman Masters of the Horse
Category:3rd-century BC Romans
Category:2nd-century BC Romans


Robert Allerton (priest)

Robert Allerton (died 19 April 1437) was a Canon of Windsor from 1432 to 1437.

Career

He was appointed:
Prebendary of Cropredy in Lincoln 1420
Rector of Amersham 1420
Prebendary of Ripon 1420
Prebendary of Bracklesham in Chichester

He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1432 and held the canonry until 1437.

Notes

Category:1437 deaths
Category:Canons of Windsor
Category:Year of birth unknown


Matlacohuatl

Matlacohuatl was a tlatoani (king) of pre-Hispanic altepetl (city-state) Azcapotzalco (altepetl).

He is also known as Maxtlacozcatl.

His wife was Queen Cuitlachtepetl and he ruled 1152 to 1222.

He was likely a father of his successor Chiconquiauhtzin and ancestor of famous king Tezozomoc.

Notes

Category:Rulers of Azcapotzalco


The Melody Shop

"The Melody Shop" is one of Karl King's most popular marches. The march is written in E♭, with its trio section changing keys to the subdominant A♭ as is typical for marches and polkas. Excerpts of the march are commonly used in auditions for euphoniums and baritone horns auditioning for a spot in a military band, a university band, brass bands, and city and state ensembles. King released this march in 1910.  This was King's first year as a circus musician.

Euphonium part

This march is popular to many, especially towards euphonium and baritone horn players for its cut time 8th note (16th note) counter melody towards the end of the march. Many ensembles feature a euphonium player or the entire euphonium section at the end of this march; some just have the woodwinds and euphonium players play through it once. Some even repeat break strain and the final strain for euphonium to play the part the first time and both woodwinds and euphonium to play the part together the second time. A few ensembles have the euphonium play the first half and the woodwinds and euphoniums play the second half. Some ensemble directors, if the euphonium section is not ready to take on the part, will either have the woodwinds play the counter melody and have the euphoniums play the first trombone part or simply eliminate the euphonium's part at the end of the piece.

Notes

Category:March music
Category:1910 compositions
Category:Compositions for brass band
Category:Compositions in E-flat major
Category:Concert band pieces


Melrose, New Brunswick

Melrose is a settlement in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada. It was founded by Irish settlers.  Melrose is on Route 16. Originally named Savagetown, the name was changed to Melrose, named after Melrose, Scottish Borders, in 1890 with the establishment of a post office.

History

Notable people

See also
List of communities in New Brunswick

References

Category:Communities in Westmorland County, New Brunswick
Category:Irish diaspora in Canada


Minister for Digital Development (Sweden)

The Minister for Information Technology () is a cabinet minister within the Government of Sweden and appointed by the Prime Minister of Sweden.

The minister is responsible for issues regarding Information technology, electronic communication, digitalization and internet safety. The Minister for Information Technology is Anders Ygeman, appointed on 21 January 2019.

List of Ministers for Information Technology

Status'''

References

Category:Government ministers of Sweden


Tisch

Tisch may refer to:

Tisch School of the Arts at New York University
Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service at Tufts University
Tisch Library, the main library of Tufts University
Tisch, a novel by Stephen Dixon

People
Tisch family of American businesspeople
Andrew Tisch, son of Laurence Tisch; co-chair of Loews Corporation
James S. Tisch (born 1953), son of Laurence Tisch; CEO of Loews Corporation
Jamie Tisch, wife of Steve Tisch
Joan Tisch, widow of Preston Robert Tisch
Jonathan Tisch (born 1953), son of Preston Robert Tisch; chairman and CEO of Loews Hotels
Merryl Tisch, Chancellor of the New York State Board of Regents
Laurence Tisch (1923–2003), brother of Preston Robert Tisch; part owner of Loews Corporation
Preston Robert Tisch (1926–2005), brother of Laurence Tisch; part owner of Loews Corporation
Steve Tisch (born 1949), son of Preston Robert Tisch; chairman of the New York Giants NFL football team
David Tisch (born 1981), grandson of Laurence Tisch; part owner of Loews Corporation

Others
Charles Tisch (1829-1895), American politician
William F. Tisch (1838-1877). American politician
Harry Tisch (1927–1995), German trade-union leader
Cläre Tisch (1907-1941), also known as Kläre Tisch and Klara Tisch, German economist
Lindsay Tisch (born 1947), New Zealand politician
Christoph Tisch (born 1986), also known as Chris Tisch, German fashion and graphic designer; Founder of Epandor

See also
Tish (disambiguation)


Sphenoid wing meningioma

A sphenoid wing meningioma is a benign brain tumor near the sphenoid bone.

Pathogenesis
A meningioma is a benign brain tumor.  It originates from the arachnoid (not the dura), the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord lying deep to the dura.  Meningiomas are much more common in females, and are more common after 50 years of age.  Of all cranial meningiomas, about 20% of them are in the sphenoid wing.  In some cases, deletions involving chromosome 22 are involved.

Diagnosis
Sphenoid wing meningiomas are diagnosed by the combination of suggestive symptoms from the history and physical and neuroimaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computer averaged tomography (CT).  Tumors growing in the inner wing (clinoidal) most often cause direct damage to the optic nerve leading especially to a decrease in visual acuity, progressive loss of color vision, defects in the field of vision (especially cecocentral), and an afferent pupillary defect.  If the tumor continues to grow and push on the optic nerve, all vision will be lost in that eye as the nerve atrophies.  Proptosis, or anterior displacement of the eye, and palpebral swelling may also occur when the tumor impinges on the cavernous sinus by blocking venous return and leading to congestion.  Damage to cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus leads to diplopia.  Cranial nerve VI is often the first affected, leading to diplopia with lateral gaze.  If cranial nerve V-1 is damaged, the patient will have pain and altered sensation over the front and top of the head.  Horner's syndrome may occur if nearby sympathetic fibers are involved.

Classification
Tumors found in the external third of the sphenoid are of two types: en-plaque and globoid meningiomas.  En plaque meningiomas characteristically lead to slowly increasing proptosis with the eye angled downward.  Much of this is due to reactive orbital hyperostosis.  With invasion of the tumor into the orbit, diplopia is common.  Patients with globoid meningiomas often present only with signs of increased intracranial pressure.  This leads to various other symptoms including headache and a swollen optic disc.  The differential diagnosis for sphenoid wing meningioma includes other types of tumors such as optic nerve sheath meningioma, cranial osteosarcoma, metastases, and also sarcoidosis.  Following the physical exam, the diagnosis is confirmed with neuro-imaging.  Either a head CT or MRI with contrast such as gadolinium is useful, as meningiomas often show homogenous enhancement.  Angiography looking for signs like stretched arteries may be used to supplement evaluation of vascular involvement and to determine whether embolization would be helpful if surgery is being considered.

Treatment
Meningiomas have been divided into three types based on their patterns of growth.  Histological factors that increase the grade include a high number of mitotic figures, necrosis and local invasion. Treatment of sphenoid wing meningiomas often depends on the location and size of the tumor. Gamma knife radiation and microscopic surgery are common options. Their encapsulated, slow growth makes meningiomas good targets for radiosurgery. In one series, less than one-third of clinoidal meningiomas could be completely resected without unacceptable risk of damaging of blood vessels (especially the carotid artery) or cranial nerves, risks that are lower with radiosurgery. If surgery is done and the entire tumor cannot be removed, then external beam radiation helps reduce recurrence of the growth. In fact, surgery followed by radiation at recurrence provided excellent tumor control in cases where gross-total resection cannot be achieved. Most all meningiomas grow very slowly and almost never metastasize to other parts of the body. In part because of its slow growth, if a tumor is asymptomatic and found only by imaging, the best course is often observation with serial clinical exams and imaging. Possible indications for intervention would be a rapid increase in growth or involvement of cranial nerves. Untreated, one small series showed survival rates ranging from five to over twenty years, though most suffered unilateral blindness as well as paresis of extraocular movements.

Prognosis
Higher grade tumors have been shown to correspond with higher recurrences.  Depending on the grade and extent of resection, from less than 1 in 10 to over two-thirds of tumors will recur after surgical excision.  Follow-up clinical exams, as well as neuroimaging, can aid in detecting recurrences.  As many meningiomas have receptors for progesterone, progesterone blockers are being investigated.  Two other drugs that are being studied for use are hydroxyurea and interferon alpha-2b.

References

Al-Mefty, O, ed. Meningiomas.  New York: Raven Press, 1991.
Bonnal J, A Thibaut, J Brotchi, and J Born. Invading Meningiomas of the Sphenoid Ridge. Journal of Neurosurgery. 53(5):587-99, Nov 1980.
Kearns, T and H Wagener. Ophthalmologic Diagnosis of Meningiomas of the Sphenoidal Ridge. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 226(2):221-8, Aug 1953.
Khoromi, S and S. Zachariah. Meningioma, Sphenoid Wing. Emedicine, available online: http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic670.htm, April 5, 2006.
Kleinpeter G and F Bock. Invasion of the Cavernous Sinus by Medial Sphenoid Meningioma--"Radical" Surgery and Recurrence.  Acta Neurochirurgica. 103(3-4):87-91, 1990.
Miller, N, V Biousse, N Newman, and J. Kerrison, eds.  Walsh and Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 6th ed, vol. 2.  Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
Newman, S.  Meningiomas: A Quest for the Optimum Therapy.  Journal of Neurosurgery. 80(2):191-4, Feb 1994.
Park, J and P Black.  Biology and Clinical Features of Meningioma. UpToDate, online, April 7, 2006.
Park, J and P Black.  Treatment of meningioma. UpToDate, online, April 7, 2006.
Schmidek, H. Meningiomas and Their Surgical Management. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1991.
Thomas, D, ed. Stereotactic and Image Directed Surgery of Brain Tumors.  New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.
Villavicencio A, P Black, D Shrieve, M Fallon, E Alexander and J Loeffler. Linac Radiosurgery for Skull Base Meningiomas. Acta Neurochirurgica. 143(11):1141-52, Nov 2001.
Wilson, WB. Meningiomas of the Anterior Visual System. Survey of Ophthalmology. 26(3):109-27, Nov-Dec 1981.

Category:Brain tumor


Nova Vas nad Dragonjo

Nova Vas nad Dragonjo (; , ) is a village to the northeast above Dragonja in the Municipality of Piran in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The local church is dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary.

References

External links
Nova Vas nad Dragonjo on Geopedia

Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Piran


Junkerberg Formation

The Junkerberg Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany

References

Category:Geologic formations of Germany
Category:Devonian System of Europe
Category:Devonian Germany
Category:Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits