The Triumph of the Moon

The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft is a book of religious history by the English historian Ronald Hutton, first published by Oxford University Press in 1999. At the time, Hutton was a Reader in History at Bristol University, and had previously published a study of ancient pre-Christian religion, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1991) as well as studies of British folk customs and the Early Modern period.

The Triumph of the Moon dealt with the early history of Wicca, a contemporary Pagan religion which developed in England in the early 20th century. The first academic study to tackle the entirety of this subject, Hutton questioned many assumptions about Wicca's development and argued that many of the claimed connections to longstanding hidden pagan traditions are questionable at best. However, he also argued for its importance as a genuine new religious movement.

The Triumph of the Moon was well received in both academia and the mainstream press. Various academics working in the fields of Pagan studies, the history of western esotericism and the history of magic have praised it as an influential study that helped to legitimise the historical investigation of alternate and occult religious movements. An academic anthology edited by Dave Evans and Dave Green was later published in its honour, entitled Ten Years of Triumph of the Moon (2009).

The book received a mixed reception from the Pagan community itself. Many welcomed it, praising it as an authoritative account of Wiccan history, but others were more critical, arguing that Hutton had prematurely rejected the idea that Wicca was the continuation of an ancient, pre-Christian tradition. Several Wiccans taking the latter view openly published their criticisms, with the Wiccan Jani Farrell-Roberts taking part in a published debate with Hutton in the British Pagan magazine The Cauldron (2003), whilst the New Zealander Ben Whitmore published a short book casting a critical eye on Hutton's work, entitled Trials of the Moon (2010).

Background

Before Hutton's work, no professional historian had ever examined the history of Wicca.

Hutton and his research
Ronald Hutton was born in Ootacamund in India, and "was in fact brought up Pagan, in a modern English tradition which combined a reverence for the natural world with a love of the ancient Greek and Roman classics." In his teenage years he became acquainted with Wicca, attending his first Wiccan rite at Halloween 1968 and meeting the prominent Wiccan High Priest Alex Sanders.

Hutton had studied history at Pembroke College, Cambridge and then Magdalen College, Oxford, before gaining a job at the University of Bristol in 1981. Focusing his research interests on Early Modern England, he subsequently published a string of four books on the subject; The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646 (1982), The Restoration: A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658–1660 (1985), Charles the Second, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1989) and The British Republic 1649–1660 (1990). 1991 saw the publication of his first work on the subject of pagan religion, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, released by the publishers Blackwell.

In 1998, the year before the publication of Hutton's Triumph of the Moon, the American Wiccan Donald H. Frew (1960–) published an article entitled "Methodological Flaws in Recent Studies of Historical and Modern Witchcraft" in the Canadian journal Ethnologies in which he criticised the study of Wiccan history up till that point, including Hutton's Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles. Arguing that the "most basic flaw in some of the recent studies of Witchcraft is the systematic altering of source texts to support the author's arguments", Frew accused the American Wiccan Aidan Kelly, author of Crafting the Art of Magic, of being particularly guilty of this. He furthermore went on to criticise the English folklorist Jacqueline Simpson of misrepresenting the work of Margaret Murray, arguing that she had made Murray appear more "dogmatic and absolute" than she actually was. Moving on, Frew accuses Hutton of the same, believing that in Pagan Religions he used a "belittling" tone to discuss Murray's work. Hutton responded to Frew in an article published in the journal Folklore in 2000. Entitled "Paganism and Polemic: The Debate over the Origins of Modern Pagan Witchcraft", in the paper Hutton commented that Frew's work had been a "historiographical landmark", being "only the second contribution to one of the key scholarly debates in the history of contemporary religions".

Synopsis
Opening with a preface in which Hutton explains his purpose in writing the book, the first half of the work, which is titled 'Macrocosm', deals with the various influences which existed in 19th and early 20th century Britain that played a part in the development of Wicca.

Part One: Macrocosm

Chapter one, entitled 'Finding a Language', deals with the definitions of various words pertinent to this study, such as "religion" and "paganism". Hutton proceeds to look at the ways in which ancient pagans, adherents of indigenous tribal religions and druids had been depicted in Romanticist and other forms of literature, such as in the works of R. M. Ballantyne, G. K. Chesterton and Lord Byron.

The second chapter, 'Finding a Goddess', looks at the development of both a moon goddess and Mother Earth in the works of literary figures like Keats, Shelley and Charlotte Brontë. Hutton then discusses the archaeological ideas of ancient goddesses which were prevalent at the time, in particular those put forward by the likes of Arthur Evans and Jane Ellen Harrison which argued for the existence of a singular Great Goddess. In the third chapter, 'Finding a God', Hutton then tackles the view of male pagan gods, noting the widespread adoption of Apollo and Pan as modern icons by Romanticists, and discussing the wealth of literary references to Pan produced in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Part Two: Microcosm

The latter half of the book instead looked at the early development of Wicca.

Academic reception and recognition

Academic reviews
In his review published in The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, the historian Alec Ryrie of the University of Birmingham described Hutton's work as "a remarkable book" which offered "a brave, perhaps foolhardy" study from a scholar who was "at the height of his powers". He furthermore remarked that the book had been written with a mix of passion, calm and clarity. Ryrie went on to note that he felt it was striking that Hutton insisted on taking the religious claims of Pagans seriously and felt that he had continuously expressed contempt for the rationalism common in academic discourse. Although noting that Hutton's "willingness to take such a view in print entails a lowering of the academic's normal shield of dispassionate detachment", a position that Ryrie felt might not be "sustainable", Ryrie ultimately considered Triumph of the Moon to be "a passionate, important and consistently fascinating book."

Writing in the Journal of Contemporary History, Rodney W. Ambler noted that Hutton's work "has important insights into some of the positions adopted as the intellectual hegemony of Christianity appeared to become increasingly insecure in the course of the nineteenth century." Nonetheless, Ambler remained largely critical of the book, noting that by associating with hundreds of Wiccans in the process of researching and writing the work, Hutton had written a "highly personalized and partial study" which had a "seriously flawed" methodology.

In The Pomegranate: A New Journal of Neopagan Thought – then a scholarly but not yet academic publication – two separate academics published reviews of Hutton's book. Gina O'Connor of the University of Colorado praised the intricate nature of Hutton's investigation, arguing that its purpose was twofold; both inspiring further, in-depth investigation and weave together a picture of the cultural milieu from which Wicca could emerge. She noted however that Hutton had failed to examine any influence on early Wicca from the countries neighbouring England, and wondered whether further investigation would reveal that England was not the only home of Pagan Witchcraft. She furthermore remains unconvinced by Hutton's argument that Gardner was the definitive founder of Wicca, but nevertheless proclaims that whether one accepts Hutton's arguments or not, his book remains the "most comprehensive and readable" of its kind.

The Pomegranate also published a review of Hutton's tome authored by Sarah Whedon of the University of Colorado. Noting that it was unparalleled, she believed that it was a valuable addition to the growing field of Pagan studies, being written in an entertaining and meticulous manner. She nevertheless believed that it contained problems, for instance disagreeing with Hutton's statement that Madame Blavatsky was ultimately a Christian and believing that he had left some historical sections underdeveloped. She notes that because he is dealing with the hidden history of a mystery religion, Hutton has had to be selective in what information he decided to publish and which he kept from publication, believing that this might annoy many readers. Like O'Connor, she notes that Hutton has opened up multiple new lines of inquiry for further research, but feels that his final chapter, the sociological analysis of Wicca, was disappointing. She nevertheless thought that these criticisms were "minor" in comparison to the contribution to Pagan studies that the work brought.

Influence in Pagan studies
In 2009, Hidden Publishing released an edited volume in honour of Ronald Hutton and his Triumph of the Moon, entitled Ten Years of Triumph of the Moon: A Collection of Essays. The idea was developed by the historian Dave Evans, who felt that "the tenth birthday of something so important needed to be celebrated in some way." After initial attempts to organise an academic conference failed due to a lack of funds, Evans decided to put together a book in commemoration containing papers from a variety of academics working in the fields of Pagan studies or Western Esoteric history. In the introduction, Evans related that:

In many ways Ronald's work provides us with the history of both how we have seen ourselves and how we have constructed and reconstructed our past(s) over time, and how we continue to do so. He has a very pragmatic, creative attitude, recognising that factual error can still produce beneficial results.

Pagan reception and recognition

The response from the Pagan community was somewhat mixed. Many Pagans embraced his work, with the prominent Wiccan Elder Frederic Lamond referring to it as "an authority on the history of Gardnerian Wicca". The Pagan researcher Michael G. Lloyd, writing in his biography of Eddie Buczynski, described Hutton's book as "groundbreaking". One Pagan internet reviewer going by the pseudonym of Stryder called it "an outstanding and readable scholarly book", and stating that "Hutton maintains a balanced and objective view of the history of Wicca, and always remains respectful of neo-Pagan beliefs", ultimately giving it four stars out of five.

Jani Farrell-Roberts and The Cauldron debate

Public criticism came from the practising Wiccan Jani Farrell-Roberts, who took part in a published debate with Hutton in The Cauldron magazine in 2003. Farrell-Roberts was of the opinion that in his works, Hutton dismissed Margaret Murray's theories about the Witch-Cult using Norman Cohn's theories, which she believed to be heavily flawed. She stated that "he is... wrongly cited as an objective neutral and a 'non-pagan' for he happens to be a very active member of the British Pagan community" who "had taken on a mission to reform modern paganism by removing from it a false history and sense of continuance".

Ben Whitmore's Trials of the Moon

In 2010, a New Zealander and Alexandrian Wiccan High Priest named Ben Whitmore published a short book criticising both Hutton and Triumph of the Moon. Entitled Trials of the Moon: Reopening the Case for Historical Witchcraft, Whitmore's book was self-published by the Auckland-based Briar Books. In stating his case, Whitmore related that whilst he would agree with Hutton that Wicca is "largely a reinvention" of ancient paganism, he "disagree[d] with several of Hutton's supporting claims, and believe his case in overstated and deeply misleading." Describing Hutton as "a maverick historian" with a  "far more conservative" take on the history of witchcraft than most of his fellows, Whitmore argues that in Triumph of the Moon, Hutton has "swept aside significant unresolved questions, significant contrary evidence and whole fields of potential inquiry."

Whitmore starts his argument by claiming that Hutton misrepresents the historical consensus of those who have studied the witch trials in the Early Modern period, highlighting the work of historians like Carlo Ginzburg, Gustav Henningsen, Gábor Klaniczay and Bengt Ankarloo, who argued that the witch trials were influenced by a substratum of pre-Christian shamanistic beliefs. Moving on, he criticises Hutton for failing to provide a solid definition of witchcraft, and then argues that, contrary to Hutton's claims, many Great Goddess cults existed in the ancient world. Proceeding to defend the ideas of ancient gods of death and resurrection put forward by James Frazer, Whitmore then looks at the British cunning folk, arguing that again Hutton made mistakes, in doing so highlighting the works of historians Emma Wilby and Éva Pócs.

Moving on, Whitmore argues that Hutton unfairly demonised those whose ideas he criticises, such as Margaret Murray, Matilda Joslyn Gage and Charles Leland, and then criticises Hutton's discussion of ceremonial magic. Critiquing Hutton's study of Dorothy Clutterbuck by making reference to the work of Philip Heselton, Whitemore then argues that Hutton is overly sympathetic to Christianity, at the expense of his treatment of ancient paganism, before criticising Hutton for too readily believing that folklore from the Christian era is not a pre-Christian survival. In the penultimate chapter, Whitemore lists the various critiques of Hutton's other books, quoting Max Dashu and Asphodel Long's criticisms of Hutton's The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1991), Hutton's debate with J. D. Hill on Lindow Man and his public disagreements with Don Frew and Jani Farrell-Roberts.

Reception
Hutton responded to these criticisms in a 2010 paper entitled "Writing the History of Witchcraft: A Personal View", published in The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. Hutton was critical of Whitmore's work, characterising it as an attempt to "destroy my reputation as an authority upon the history of Paganism and witchcraft, at least among Pagans, and especially belief in the arguments of Triumph." Noting that Whitmore "makes no attempt to construct an alternate history" to that presented in Triumph, Hutton accuses Whitmore of carrying out "very little research" into primary source material, instead basing his arguments on "secondary texts of varying quality". Contesting some of Whitmore's claims, Hutton then criticises Whitmore's final chapter, which he calls a "meanspirited" collection of "every criticism that he has been able to find of anything that I have written." He went on to challenge Whitmore on this, asking why his work in Triumph of the Moon had not been criticised by "leading figures of British and American Paganism" and by "professional historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, classicists, and literary experts" if it had been as flawed as Whitmore claims.

Ultimately, Hutton remarked that he felt "distressed to have failed Wiccans like Ben Whitmore by not providing the kind of history that they feel that they need." Believing that there had been "no necessary collision between us", Hutton felt that had Whitmore simply focused on arguing that "there was now room for a book which emphasised the richness of the ancient and medieval images and texts on which Pagans could still imaginatively draw", he would have enthusiastically supported him.

In a 2011 interview with the Australian academic Caroline Tully, Hutton responded to Whitmore's criticism that he was a "maverick historian", relating that "within the academic world the term carries only negative connotations, of eccentricity, marginality and controversy. My own career has, on the contrary, been remarkably orthodox for a professional scholar, while my work has actually provoked less controversy among my fellow professionals than that of most university-based historians."

In her review of Trials of the Moon published in The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies, the academic Peg Aloi noted that whilst Whitmore came across as being "clearly intelligent and well-read", he was neither a historian nor an academic, and that subsequently Trials of the Moon "demonstrates repeatedly how unfamiliar he is with how research and scholarly writing are done." Feeling that Whitmore's "primary technique" was a "consistent tone of condescension and sarcasm"  directed against Hutton, Aloi was largely critical of Whitmore's book, noting that his "transparency of motive, the petulant language, the megalomaniacal attitude: all of these tonalities undermine the text to an extent that it's very hard to take it seriously."

References

Footnotes

Bibliography
Academic sources

Non-academic sources

Category:1999 non-fiction books
Category:Academic studies of ritual and magic
Category:Alexandrian Wicca
Category:History books about religion
Category:History books about England
Category:Oxford University Press books
Category:Pagan studies books


Liz McDonald

Liz McDonald (also Greenwood and Tomlin) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Coronation Street. She is portrayed by Beverley Callard. She made her first appearance on 27 October 1989 until Callard opted to leave and Liz departed on 13 November 1998. Callard reprised the role for a short stint with Liz appearing between 6 October 2000 and 12 January 2001. Callard reprised the role for two separate stints between 19 November and 30 November 2003 and between 13 February and 22 March 2004. She returned on a permanent basis on 22 June 2004. Callard quit the role once again with Liz's final episode airing on 14 April 2011. Callard reprised the role once again on a permanent basis and Liz returned on 14 October 2013. Callard quit the show in November 2019 and will leave in June 2020.

Her storylines have seen her embark on a series of failed romances, including marriages to Jim McDonald (Charles Lawson), which became abusive, and Vernon Tomlin (Ian Reddington). She has also had many feuds, notably with son Steve's (Simon Gregson) wives Karen Philips (Suranne Jones) and Becky Granger (Katherine Kelly). Her other feuds include Teresa Bryant (Karen Henthorn), Jenny Bradley (Sally Ann Matthews), Tracy Barlow (Kate Ford), Pat Phelan (Connor McIntyre) and Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne). Liz's emotional affair with Johnny Connor (Richard Hawley) eventually leads to Johnny's wife, Jenny, hitting Liz with her car in a hit-and-run storyline over Christmas 2018. Callard has claimed Liz's unique fashion sense stems from Alec Gilroy (Roy Barraclough) telling her that she could "aerate the space under her chin a bit more" in an episode early on in Liz's time on the Street.

Storylines

Liz first appears on Coronation Street in October 1989 with her husband, former army sergeant Jim (Charles Lawson), and their teenage twin sons, Steve (Simon Gregson) and Andy (Nicholas Cochrane). Liz makes friends with Deirdre Barlow (Anne Kirkbride), whose daughter Tracy (Dawn Acton) is slightly younger than Steve and Andy. Liz and Jim split up after Jim punches Steve during an argument, moving into the flat above the pub.  Liz works as a barmaid at The Rovers Return Inn before being given her own pub, The Queens, to run. She moves into the flat above the pub and runs it with Jim, until he accuses her of cheating and causes a scene. Jim is then barred from the pub by the brewery. Liz and Jim split up and Liz runs the pub on her own. Shortly after, she begins a relationship with Colin (Ian Embleton), who is the brother of Des Barnes (Philip Middlemiss), but is not as invested in the relationship as he is. She later reconciles with Jim and they agree to work on their marriage but it doesn't last.

Liz, now separated, was working for Sean Skinner in the bookie's. They flirted but it was ended by a criminal called Fraser Henderson. He noticed her when she was visiting Steve in prison and contacted her upon his release. He had Sean beaten but Liz gets involved with him regardless and he gives her a job in a wine bar he owns. Fiona Middleton's fiancé, police detective Alan McKenna (Glen Hugill) persuades Liz to get some inside information on Fraser, who leaves town when he discovers this. His henchman captures Liz and holds her and her sons captive in Number 11, where Liz manages to use her stiletto on the thug and the police arrest him. In 1998, after Jim is badly injured after falling from scaffolding following a fight with Steve on a building site, he becomes temporarily paralysed, needing physiotherapy and Liz, taking pity on him, moves back in to help take care of him. They grow closer but Liz soon becomes distracted by Jim's physiotherapist, Michael Wall (Dominic Rickhards) and starts an affair with him. Jim, who gradually learns to walk again, is planning to propose but throws Liz out after catching her in bed with Michael, and the two agree to a divorce. Liz and Michael leave Weatherfield for a new life together in Milton Keynes. Liz returns two years later when Jim is in prison for manslaughter after violently beating Jez Quigley (Lee Boardman) as revenge for Jez beating Steve. She is no longer with Michael. During this time she and Jim reconcile and remarry in the prison chapel. Liz leaves the Street again, following Jim around as he is transferred from one to another prison, getting jobs nearby so that she can visit.

Liz returns for son Steve's marriage to Karen (Suranne Jones) wedding. Liz meets Vernon Tomlin (Ian Reddington), a workshy drummer. He is very laid-back and totally unlike Jim, but they have fun and Liz feels like a teenager again. The pair split when Liz, tired of being taken for granted and his roving eye, throws him out. He returns, begging her to take him back and they get engaged.

When Jim is released Liz is wary of allowing him into her life. However, impressed by how he has changed, they stay friends, but when Jim corners her on her wedding day, her initial fears are justified. He tells her he loves her and will not allow the marriage to take place, launching a violent attack when Vernon intervenes. Liz suppresses her doubts about marrying Vernon and, determined not to let Jim win, goes ahead. The couple go on honeymoon to Nashville. Vernon and Liz go to view a bar, possibly intending to buy it. Liz admits to Vernon that she would not be happy and no longer loves him, ending their marriage. A devastated Vernon moves out of the Rovers that day. Liz finds herself attracted to builder Owen Armstrong (Ian Puleston-Davies), who is new to the area and openly flirts with him across the bar. She is disgruntled when he takes Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver) on several dates, but tries to hide it. Eventually she and Owen begin dating. In early December 2010, Liz hears rumours that Owen arranged for former husband Jim to be beaten up. She packs her bags and heads for Andy's home in Spain, leaving Steve to reveal to Owen that the relationship is over.

Liz returns to discover that Steve and Becky bought Becky's nephew Max Turner (Harry McDermott) for £20,000, from Becky's sister Kylie (Paula Lane). She is further stunned when she learns that Becky looted from the corner shop, on the night of the tram crash three months previously, in order to give Kylie more cash. With the pub now under severe financial pressure, due to Steve and Becky buying Max, Liz is devastated. She makes her contempt for Becky clear from the outset, who responds by kicking Liz out of the pub. A desperate Liz then bumps into Jim at a hotel she is staying at. She seeks his support as she tells him of the situation that Becky and Steve have got themselves into. He suggests that she buy the pub but the bank manager refuses to give Liz a loan. Jim then suggests that he could buy the pub for Liz, as Steve and Becky decide to leave Weatherfield with Max and Amy. Liz makes her peace with the couple after they agree to the sale. Liz is now convinced that her dreams of owning The Rovers is going to come true and soon realises that she wants Jim to run it with her. The estranged couple soon reconcile. The date for the sale is set for 11 April 2011. Liz and Steve wait patiently at the Rovers, with the solicitor, for Jim to come in with the money for the sale. Liz is astonished when the police suddenly arrive at the pub to tell her that Jim has been caught robbing a bank and now has a number of hostages. Over the phone, Liz and Jim (from inside the bank) speak, he explains that he never had the money but wanted to buy The Rovers to make her happy. A frightened Liz convinces Jim to let the hostages go, discard his firearm and surrender to the police officers waiting outside the building. The day after his arrest, Liz visits Jim in prison and promises to wait for him. However, later that evening she decides to leave without telling Steve and Becky. After they have gone to bed, she leaves the pub and gets a taxi to the airport and flies out to Spain to live with Andy.

Liz returns to the street again in October 2013. It transpires that both Steve and Liz have bought back The Rovers from former landlady, Stella Price (Michelle Collins), owning 50% each. She reveals she has remained in Spain since she was last in Weatherfield where she owned a villa and a health spa business but sold the health spa to invest in the Rovers when she learnt it was once again up for sale. Liz is stunned when she walks into The Rovers and finds Kylie and Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan) sharing a catfight in front of the bar. Liz and Kylie's friend Eva Price (Catherine Tyldesley) attempt to step in, but Liz watches in horror as Kylie accidentally slaps Eva. After throwing both Kylie and Tina out of the pub, Liz discovers that Steve hasn't told his girlfriend Michelle Connor (Kym Marsh) that she was co-owner. She is further surprised to learn that Michelle is co-landlady. Following a confrontation with Steve, Michelle resumes her friendship with Liz. Liz begins dating Tony Stewart (Terence Maynard). Later on, Steve sees that Tony isn't the nice man he pretends to be and tries to warn Liz, but she is having none of it and continues her relationship with Tony. Steve is diagnosed with depression and him and Michelle break up, until she declares her love for after he feels guilty when he crashes a bus. Michelle and Steve get engaged and they sell their share of the pub to an unknown company named Travis Limited. On Steve and Michelle's wedding day, however, Tracy Barlow (now portrayed by Kate Ford) tells her that her and Tony have been embarking on an affair and Travis Limited is actually Tony in a bid for them both to own the pub. Tony told Liz to sell the pub to move to Spain, but was actually going to make her sell her share as well to Travis Limited. Carla Connor (Alison King) decides go instead wrecking Tracy and Tony's plans causing Tracy to plot revenge against Carla. In July 2015 Liz is saddened when she discovers that her best friend Deirdre died whilst staying with her friend Bev Unwin (Susie Blake).

In 2017, Steve had to sell his share of the Rovers as part of his divorce to Michelle so Liz decided to also sell her share and leave her pub.

Characterisation

In 1989, Beverley Callard was cast in the show as matriarch of the new McDonald family, after having previously played the part of June Dewhurst in 1984. Liz first appeared in October 1989 with her husband, ex-army sergeant  Jim McDonald (Charles Lawson), and their twin sons Steve (Simon Gregson) and Andy (Nicholas Cochrane). Liz and Jim were married very young when Liz got pregna

In May 2018, Aidan Connor decided to commit suicide - having been unable to communicate with the rest of his family about the depression he was suffering from. Johnny Connor, Aidan's father, became determined to learn the reason for his son's death - and began to accuse others of being the cause; including Sophie Webster, who had not replied to one of Aidan's text messages on the day he died, and his own wife Jenny Connor who had previously not got along with Aidan.

When asked in a 2010 interview with The Mirror what her favourite scenes were, Callard replied, "when Jim beat up Liz. I knew those scenes would have a huge impact. There were protests outside the studios and I had sacks of letters from battered wives. The scenes were so well written that one week viewers would have sympathy for Liz, the next Jim, then Liz. Opening those scripts gave me a buzz. And the viewing figures, 24 million, were massive."

Development

2003 return
On 14 August 2003, BBC News reported that Callard, along with Julie Goodyear (Bet Lynch) and Charles Lawson (Jim McDonald) would be returning for 10 episodes filmed in Blackpool with Callard and Lawson's return storyline being separate to Goodyear's storyline. A spokeswoman for the show said: "It's great news - they are all popular characters." Viewers would also see Liz meet daughter-in-law Karen (Suranne Jones) for the first time. The pair have met before but only off-screen. The spokeswoman said: "It will be interesting to see how Karen and Liz get on - sparks are bound to fly." The storylines were woven into the usual four-weekly episodes rather than being dedicated special programmes. It was reported that Liz would reunite with her family in episodes set in Blackpool, speaking of the storyline a Coronation Street spokeswomen said: "Fans will be on the edge of their seats when the week-long Blackpool adventure reaches an extraordinary finale involving a dramatic sea rescue and a tragic death."

In December 2003, Callard revealed that she would be returning again for Liz's son Steve (Simon Gregson)'s wedding to Karen, she said to the News of the World: "I'm definitely coming back, I've just worked for four weeks and I had such a great time there's no way I can turn down a chance to come back". On 4 February 2004, it was reported alongside the return of Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson) that Liz would return later that year.

Relationship with Lloyd Mullaney
In November 2008, it was revealed that Liz would embark on a relationship with Lloyd Mullaney played by Craig Charles. Speaking of his reaction when he was told about the relationship, Charles revealed: "Bev's a friend of me and my wife's, so it's all quite comfortable really. We get on really well, too. The relationship just opens up the whole scenario of Lloyd going out with his best mate's mum – and Steve definitely doesn't like it!" Charles also revealed that Steve McDonald's reaction to the relationship is that he is not impressed.

Liz and Lloyd's relationship was revisited in August 2015 when Lloyd sleeps with Liz in the wake of his split from Andrea Beckett (Hayley Tamaddon). Lloyd immediately regrets spending the night with Liz, but he is backed into a corner when she explains to a horrified Steve that they have a future together. Asked in an interview with Digital Spy if he would ever put Liz and Lloyd together, Craig Charles replied: "Well they do have a history of course. On paper it is not the most obvious of matches but they do get on really well. This is probably not the best thing for either of them at the moment so it is no doubt doomed!" Charles later went on to reveal that Lloyd is the one who regrets it the most as he is very wry of upsetting both Liz and Steve (Simon Gregson). Lloyd and Liz are caught out the next morning by Steve and Michelle (Kym Marsh). Asked how Steve react to the news that Lloyd has slept with his mum, Charles replied: "Steve is horrified but Liz insists to Steve they have done nothing wrong and that they have a future together. This was not what Lloyd was thinking but he now has to go along with it." Charles went on to say: "Steve is the person Lloyd is most worried about upsetting - they have only just got their friendship back on an even keel and now he is risking it again. But really he would be better being up front now, dragging it on is only going to make it worse in the end."

2011 departure
On 20 October 2010, it was announced that Liz was to leave. Discussing her departure, Callard said "I've loved every minute of my second stint on the street - it's always a difficult decision to make the leap but I returned for the 40th, so leaving for the 50th feels like perfect timing. I'll miss everyone on the show but I'm looking forward to some new challenges and to see what life has to offer beyond Liz's famous mini skirts!" Producer Phil Collinson commented: "Bev has created an iconic and much-loved character in Liz. She will be greatly missed behind the bar of The Rovers by the viewers of the show. She's a lovely lady and is such a talented actress. We all wish her well in whatever she does next and we hope to see the character of Liz return sometime in the future. Plans are now being made for an exciting exit storyline for her departure next year." In February 2011, it was announced that Lawson would be returning again to be a part of Liz's exit storyline. Speaking of the exit storyline, Callard said: "It's a fantastic exit and it's absolutely massive, but Liz may not be leaving on her own!"

In March 2011, rumours of Liz's exit started. According to The Sun, poignant scenes on the ITV1 soap will see the landlady complete one final shift at her beloved pub before putting on her coat, walking to the door and taking in her surroundings for the last time as she turns off the lights. It is thought that bosses want the scenes to mirror the way iconic Rovers favourite Bet Lynch (Julie Goodyear) departed the cobbles in 1995.

Liz leaves after ex-husband Jim (Charles Lawson) staged an armed robbery at Weatherfield's building society; he does so as part of a desperate attempt to raise funds in order to buy The Rovers. His plan goes wrong, and Jim is expected to be jailed for 10 years - leaving Liz heartbroken. She agrees to wait for him, but with little keeping her in Weatherfield and after reminiscing on good and bad times she decides to leaves the country without telling him or her family. She leaves for the airport with her last words being, "Go for it".

2013 return
On 30 May 2013, it was confirmed that Callard would be returning as Liz later that year; her return scenes aired in October 2013. Speaking of her return, Callard told itv.com: "I am coming home and I can't wait. I am so excited to be back, I have missed Liz so it will be great to play her again. Hopefully her skirts will have got a little bit longer, but we will see!"

In October 2013, Beverley Callard revealed that Liz would have a boyfriend in an upcoming plot, she said: "She [Liz] is telling everyone she's single, but there is someone coming in for Liz. My God, it's so exciting, but I can't reveal anything else yet." Tabloids reported that Liz's boyfriend would be portrayed by Jimi Mistry but this was later proved to be false. It was later revealed that Liz would embark on a romance with Tony Stewart portrayed by Terrance Maynard in an upcoming storyline. Speaking of the plot Maynard said; "It was always going to be the case that they'd get together, so I knew that from the start. What the writers weren't sure about was what would develop between Tony and Eileen and whether there'd be any tensions there. Liz and Tony are a bit of a double act and I think that could go further. I think at the moment Tony's really genuine with Liz - I don't think he's trying to deceive her in any way. I don't know who is 'the one' for Tony, but he's definitely happy with Liz!"

On 31 March 2016, it was reported that Callard would be taking a break from the serial due to her battle with depression a show source confirmed this "She is taking some time off whilst her doctors look for a suitable alternative". On 29 April 2016, it was confirmed that she would resume filming the following week, with Callard writing on Twitter, "Oh thank you so much for all your fab messages! I’m much better! Back to work next week!!! Hurray, watch out Weatherfield!! Xxx."

2020 departure
On 18 November 2019, it was announced that Callard had quit. In an interview with OK! magazine, Callard revealed that she informed ITV bosses of her plans to leave earlier that month. Recalling the moment, she said: "I was in shock, I felt totally numb," before adding: "I’ve been told Liz is going to go with one hell of a bang. I can't wait!". MD of Continuing Drama and Head of ITV in the North John Whiston said: “With the character of Liz, Beverley Callard has gifted to Coronation Street 30 years of brilliant drama, comedy and everything in between. Whether it’s sharing a wicked joke with Eileen, raising an arch eyebrow behind the bar of the Rovers or giving some feckless man the full force of her tongue, Liz is a true Coronation Street icon, and while we wish Bev well when she leaves to take on new challenges mid next year, hopefully Weatherfield hasn’t seen the last of Liz!”

References

External links
Liz McDonald at itv.com

Category:Coronation Street characters
Category:Fictional bartenders
Category:Television characters introduced in 1989
Category:Fictional businesspeople
Category:Fictional bookmakers
Category:Fictional domestic abuse victims
Category:Fictional smokers
Category:Fictional receptionists
Category:Fictional teenage parents
Category:Female characters in television


Roy Williams (musician)

Roy Williams (born 7 March 1937, Salford) is an English jazz trombonist.

Williams learned piano as a youth, he did not play the trombone until he was eighteen. He served his National Service in the military in the late 1950s, then joined the trad jazz group of Mike Peters and worked with Terry Lightfoot in the early 1960s. In 1965 he became a member of Alex Welsh's band, which accompanied Ruby Braff, Wild Bill Davison, and Bud Freeman. He remained with Welsh until 1978, also collaborating with bandmate John Barnes in a side ensemble. He then worked with Humphrey Lyttelton (1978-1983), and in 1980 played with the Pizza Express All Stars and Benny Waters.

He left Lyttelton's ensemble in 1983 and was a regular performer at festivals in the 1980s and 1990s. He was a sideman for Doc Cheatham, Jim Galloway, Buddy Tate, the Harlem Blues and Jazz Band, the World's Greatest Jazz Band, Peanuts Hucko, Bent Persson, Bob Rosengarden, Stan Barker, Bob Wilber, Digby Fairweather, Pete Strange, and Keith Smith.

References
"Roy Williams". The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 2nd edition, ed. Barry Kernfeld.

Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:English jazz trombonists
Category:Male trombonists
Category:21st-century trombonists
Category:21st-century British male musicians
Category:Male jazz musicians
Category:World's Greatest Jazz Band members
Category:Harlem Blues and Jazz Band members


Ardonis

Ardonis is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

Species
Ardonis chlorophilata (Walker, 1863)
Ardonis dentifera Warren, 1906
Ardonis filicata (Swinhoe, 1892)
Ardonis malachitis (Warren, 1903)
Ardonis thaumasta (Prout, 1935)

References

Category:Eupitheciini
Category:Geometridae genera


Don't Forget (song)

"Don't Forget" is a song performed by American singer Demi Lovato, from her debut album of the same name. It was written by Lovato and the Jonas Brothers, who co-produced the song with John Fields. It was released as the album's third and final single on March 16, 2009, through Hollywood Records. The inspiration of the song came from Lovato falling in love with someone who later left her. According to Lovato, it is one of the songs on the album that she most relates to. Musically, "Don't Forget" is a midtempo glam rock ballad that features Lovato singing with breathy falsetto vocals. An accompanying music video was released in March 2009.

Upon the release of the album, "Don't Forget" was well-received from music critics, who noted the transition from her "tween sound" to more mature material. The song achieved moderate commercial success, reaching number forty-one on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached number seventy-six on the Canadian Hot 100. To promote the song, Lovato has performed the song numerous times including on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.

Background and composition

"Don't Forget" was written by Lovato along with the Jonas Brothers, who produced it with John Fields. The song features Dorian Crozier and Michael Bland on drums, and Fields on bass, guitars and keyboards. Nick Jonas also played the guitar and percussion on the song. The song is registered as "Did You Forget" with the Broadcast Music, Inc. Lovato has stated that "Don't Forget" is one of the songs on Don't Forget that she relates to the most, and that she felt "a lot of emotion while recording it". In an interview with PopEater, she elaborated, "Everyone goes through the experience of falling in love, but then the other person just walks away, and goes somewhere else. I went through an experience like that and wanted to write about it. I got over it, and now a year later I don't have those feelings about that person anymore." The song and "La La Land" were included as bonus tracks on European editions of her sophomore album Here We Go Again.

"Don't Forget" is a midtempo glam rock ballad sung with vulnerable and breathy vocals in a falsetto tone. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is set in common time with a metronome of 92 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of E major and Lovato's vocal range spans from the note of C4 to the note of E5. The song includes a "rocking" instrumental and a heavy guitar break. Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic compared the track to songs by Green Day. Lyrically, "Don't Forget" is about one of Lovato's old love interests who left her just as she was falling in love with him. The theme is demonstrated in lyrical lines such as, "Did you forget that I was even alive? Did you forget everything we ever had?"

Music video
"Don't Forget" was directed by Robert Hales. According to Lovato, different video treatments had been written, but she rejected them as she wanted to come up with the idea herself. She said, "They had treatments [for the video], but I was just like, 'No, scratch them.' I want to come up with the idea. I want to show you the colors, I want to show you everything. This is art to me and I don't want it to be somebody else's decision." In an interview with PopEater, Lovato said of the video:

"It was actually really freezing cold [in the rain]. You could see your breath. And I was in the rain for only a short time – my whole band was out there for an hour-and-a-half. It was one of the hardest things I've ever had to do on a shoot. But it went by so quickly. I had a body suit on underneath my clothes, so there's a little fun fact for you. I was trying not to break my focus pretty much the entire shoot, because I was really in that zone – thinking a lot about the position I was in a year ago... thinking about the situation and how much I wanted to get all that emotion off my chest."

Steve Helling of People magazine wrote that Lovato shows her mature side in the video, saying that "it's hard not to notice that the 16-year-old Camp Rock star is growing up." The video begins in a tour bus with Lovato's band. She is seen sitting next to a window in the back of the bus, where she precedes to sing the first lines. As the song progresses, she walks out of the bus in the rain, holding an umbrella. She walks out of the parking lot and into an amusement park, where she stands in front of a carousel in the rain as she continues to sing. After the second chorus, Lovato and her band perform in the rain with the water altering colors in the background. As the last verse approaches, she is back on the tour bus. A single tear rolls down her cheek and the video ends.

Live performances

Lovato performed "Don't Forget" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on April 14, 2009. Also in April 2009, the song was performed as part of the iTunes Live from London series. The full performances were released as an iTunes Store-exclusive extended play featuring recorded live versions of the tracks. In May 2009, Lovato performed the song at a Walmart concert, which was later released as part of a live album entitled Demi Lovato: Live: Walmart Soundcheck (2009). The release featured recorded live versions of the performers on a CD, and the full performances on a DVD.

During the summer of 2008, Lovato performed the song in both of her Warm Up Tour and the Jonas Brothers' Burnin' Up Tour, for the latter she served as the opening act. Later in 2009, the song was performed during her Summer Tour 2009. While reviewing a show in Glendale, Arizona, Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic wrote that the song "survived the transformation to an unplugged ballad, making the most of Lovato's most vulnerable vocal performance of the night." In 2010, she performed the song during her South American tour. Lovato also performed the song during her set at the Jonas Brothers Live in Concert World Tour 2010. Scott Mervis of Pittsburgh Post-Gazette wrote that Lovato performed a "high-energy, high-volume" version of the song. In September 2011, Lovato performed the song during the revue concert An Evening with Demi Lovato. Lovato also performed an acoustic medley of "Don't Forget" and "Catch Me" at the Vevo Certified SuperFanFest in 2014.

Critical reception

The song was well-received from music critics. Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic included "Don't Forget" on his "Top 10 from the Disney girls" list at number two, and wrote, "She really sells this epic glam-rock ballad with her choked-up vocals, [...] She wrote it with the Jonas Brothers, one of whom has clearly been enjoying Green Day's latest work. But truthfully, this would have been among the more compelling anthems on '21st Century Breakdown'." Judy Coleman of The Boston Globe wrote, "Lovato has already mastered the limited range of skills required of today's pop starlets: the vulnerable-kitten verse, the banshee-shriek chorus, the stiffly sexy whispered asides. She rhymes “we used to be so strong” and “our love is like a song” without irony." Michael Menachem of Billboard wrote that Lovato, like Miley Cyrus before her, "has also stepped away briefly from the tween sound with her album's title track, 'Don't Forget'." Menachem wrote, "She may be reaching a new level with a poised vocal performance, as she too is looking to be taken seriously." Joey Guerra of The Houston Chronicle called the track an "age-appropriate blueprint laid out by Hilary Duff and [Miley] Cyrus".

Chart performance
Due to strong digital sales when the album was released, "Don't Forget" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number sixty-eight on October 11, 2008 and fell off the chart the following week. On April 4, 2009, it re-entered the chart at number eighty-four. The song steadily ascended the chart for three weeks, before eventually reaching a peak of number forty-one on its fifth week on the chart. It was Lovato's best performing solo song on the chart until "Here We Go Again" reached number fifteen on August 8, 2009. As of October 2017, it has sold 1.1 million copies in the nation. In Canada, "Don't Forget" debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number eighty-two on May 2, 2009. The next week, it reached seventy-six, which became its peak. The song also reached number sixty-two on the now defunct Pop 100 chart.

Credits and personnel
Recording and management
 Recorded at Wishbone Studio
 Mixed at Mix LA
 Mastered at Sterling Sound
 Seven Peaks Music obo Itself and Demi Lovato Publishing (ASCAP); Jonas Brothers Publishing LLC (BMI)/Sony/ATV Songs LLC administered by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Used By Permission.

Personnel

Demi Lovato – vocals, songwriting
Nick Jonas – songwriting, guitars, percussion
Joe Jonas – songwriting
Kevin Jonas II – songwriting
Dorian Crozier – drums
Michael Bland – drums
John Fields – bass, guitars, keyboards, programming, production, recording
Jonas Brothers – production
Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
Nik Karpin – assistant
Ted Jensen – mastering

Credits adapted from Don’t Forget liner notes.

Charts

Weekly charts

Sales

References

External links

Category:2009 singles
Category:Demi Lovato songs
Category:Music videos directed by Robert Hales
Category:Glam rock songs
Category:2000s ballads
Category:Rock ballads
Category:Songs written by Joe Jonas
Category:Songs written by Nick Jonas
Category:Songs written by Kevin Jonas
Category:Hollywood Records singles
Category:Songs written by Demi Lovato
Category:2008 songs
Category:Song recordings produced by John Fields (record producer)


Alcohol laws of New York

The alcohol laws of New York are among the most lenient of any state in the Atlantic Northeast of the United States.

State Liquor Authority

The New York State Liquor Authority (NYSLA) and its agency arm, the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control (DABC), were established under New York State Law in 1934 to "regulate and control the manufacture and distribution within the state of alcoholic beverages for the purpose of fostering and promoting temperance in their consumption and respect for and obedience to law." The SLA is also authorized by statute to "determine whether public convenience and advantage will be promoted by the issuance of licenses to traffic in alcoholic beverages … and to carry out the increase or decrease in the number thereof and the location of premises licensed … in the public interest."

For consumption on-premises
In New York, for the purposes of state law, there are only four hours out of each day of the week (with the exception of Sunday) in which alcohol may not be served: 4:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. This was designed to accommodate New York City nightlife as well as late night workers statewide in general.  Some upstate areas such as Buffalo, Albany, and Saratoga Springs retain the 4am closing time although individual counties are free to set an earlier "last call." In Binghamton, this is at 3:00 a.m.; in Syracuse, Plattsburgh, Oneonta, and Rochester, bars close at 2:00 a.m.; and Elmira, Geneva, and Ithaca, have some of the earliest closing times in the state at 1 a.m.  For a complete list of closing hours by county, see.

B.Y.O. Policy
The SLA does not permit establishments to allow patrons to "B.Y.O.B." if the establishment does not have a license or permit to sell alcoholic beverages. The only exception to this rule is that establishments with fewer than 20 seats can permit B.Y.O.B. However, the SLA does not have authority to take any direct action against an establishment that is not licensed with the SLA, unless the establishment is then or will be in the future applying for a liquor license.

Research
Research has been conducted into the association between closing times and crime in New York. Counties with later closing times tend to have greater rates of violent crime (except gun violence), but not non-violent crime. This was true even after adjusting for socio-demographic factors.

For consumption off-premises

Only liquor stores may obtain a license to sell liquor for off-premises consumption. Grocery and drug stores may obtain a license to sell beer alone or beer and "wine products", such as wine coolers (but not wine). Minors visiting a liquor store must be accompanied by an adult at all times; a violation can lead to the owner or manager being charged with second-degree unlawfully dealing with a minor, a Class B misdemeanor.

Until the mid-2000s, sales of beer for off-premises consumption were prohibited statewide before noon on Sundays, a remnant of a royal decree during the Colonial era, and between 3–6 a.m. any day. Changes to the law made in the last years of Governor George Pataki's administration loosened those restrictions, and now beer sales are only prohibited from 3–8 a.m. Sundays. Counties are free to adjust those hours in either direction, all the way to midnight and noon, and allow 24-hour beer sales on other days of the week.

The law also changed for liquor stores. They may now open on Sundays. (although not before noon) They must still remain closed on Christmas, all day.

A few years after those changes, Governor David Paterson sought to allow supermarkets to sell wine as well. He argued that the increase in excise taxes collected would help the state close its budget deficit. The proposed law aroused so much opposition from liquor store owners that it was never voted on by either house of the New York State Legislature.

Ownership restrictions

A provision unique to New York requires that every license to sell wine or spirits at retail for off-premises consumption be held by a single individual who lives within a few miles of the store and holds no other such licenses in the state. It was intended to prevent any chain liquor stores from doing business in the state, and none have ever done so.  However, some proprietors open other stores in the names of their family members while maintaining complete control over the other establishments.  Collaboration isn't only limited to families, for example, Premier Group in western New York has three locations each individually owned and operated.

Dry communities

There are no dry counties in New York as they are not allowed to make that decision. However, individual cities and towns may. In the case of towns, the decision would also be binding on any villages within them, or the parts of villages within them. Cities and towns may become totally dry, forbidding any on- or off-premises alcohol sales, or partially dry by forbidding one or the other or applying those prohibitions only to beer or to wine and spirits.

Currently there are 7 dry towns in the state, all in lightly populated rural areas upstate:

Caneadea in Allegany County
Clymer in Chautauqua
Lapeer in Cortland County.
Orwell in Oswego County
Fremont and Jasper in Steuben County
Berkshire in Tioga County

Ten towns forbid on-premises consumption but allow off-premises; four allow both only at a hotel open year-round. Seventeen disallow only special on-premises consumption. The town of Spencer in Tioga County allows only off-premises and special on-premises consumption. Williamson, in Wayne County, bans on-premises sale of beer at race tracks, outdoor athletic fields and sports stadia where admission is charged.  In all, there are 39 partially dry towns.

In 2019, the Town of Argyle in Washington County voted to repeal the town's dry status.  Argyle had made 11 attempts prior to do so.  As a result, there are now only 7 remaining dry towns in New York State.

Drinking age
In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4, 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting persons under the age of 21 consuming alcohol that was given to them by their parent or legal guardian. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.

Drunk driving
Like every other state in the United States, driving under the influence is a crime in New York, and is subject to a great number of regulations outside of the state's alcohol laws. New York's maximum blood alcohol level for driving is 0.08% for persons over the age of 21 and there is a "zero tolerance" policy for persons under 21.  Minors caught with any alcohol in the blood (defined legally as 0.02% or more, presumably to avoid false positives) are subject to license revocation for 6 months or more.  Other penalties for drunken driving include fines, license suspension/revocation, and possible imprisonment, and in some cases the implementation of an ignition interlock device.  A lesser charge, driving with ability impaired (DWAI), may apply when a driver's BAC exceeds 0.05%.

Research
Research suggests that misdemeanor drunk driving offenses, but not felony drunk driving offenses, are related to county-based closing times for on-premises licensed venues. Requirements for ignition interlock device's for first-time DWI offending introduced with Leandra's Law might explain why there was no relationship between alcohol availability and felony drunk driving offenses.

Public intoxication

New York State has no law against being intoxicated from alcohol in public, but there is a law prohibiting other substances. Any person found under the influence of a substance other than alcohol in public who is endangering themselves and others is guilty under the New York State Penal Code. This also applies to those found under the influence and bothering others or damaging public or private property.

Drinking in public was outlawed in New York City by Ed Koch in 1979. The law was originally pitched as targeting antisocial derelicts congregating in parks and on sidewalks, with Frederick E. Samuel, one of the measure's proponents in the New York City Council, stating "We do not recklessly expect the police to give a summons to a Con Ed worker having a beer with his lunch". By the end of the year similar laws had spread to municipalities in Westchester County. In March 2016, drinking in public in Manhattan was decriminalized.

See also
 Sumptuary law
 Law of New York

References

New York
Category:New York (state) law
Category:Controlled substances in New York (state)


Pentachlaena orientalis

Pentachlaena orientalis is a tree in the family Sarcolaenaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.

Description
Pentachlaena orientalis grows as a tree up to  tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its leaves are elliptic and measure up to  long.

Distribution and habitat
Pentachlaena orientalis is known from the eastern regions of Alaotra-Mangoro, Analanjirofo and Atsinanana. Its habitat is humid forest from sea level to about  altitude. Some subpopulations of the species occur in protected areas.

References

Category:Sarcolaenaceae
Category:Endemic flora of Madagascar
Category:Trees of Madagascar
Category:Plants described in 1973


Vytautas Kernagis

Vytautas Kernagis (May 19, 1951 – March 15, 2008) was a Lithuanian singer-songwriter, bard, actor, director,  and television announcer. He is considered a pioneer of Lithuanian sung poetry.

Career

Vytautas Kernagis was born to the family of actors  and . He attended M.K.Čiurlionis school (first 3 years) and Vilnius 23rd school. In 1973 he graduated from the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre.

He was a member of the pioneering Lithuanian big beat bands Aisčiai (1966–1968) and Rupūs miltai (1969–1972).

Kernagis recorded his first album of sung poetry in 1978. Kernagis also took part in the first Lithuanian rock opera Devil's Bride, first Lithuanian musical Ugnies medžioklė su varovais (1976), and first Lithuanian musical for a puppet theatre Šokantis ir dainuojantis mergaitės vieversėlis.

Kernagis hosted the 1st season (2007) of Žvaigždžių duetai TV show.

Kernagis suffered from gastric cancer and died March 15, 2008. He was cremated and interred in the Antakalnis Cemetery in Vilnius.

Filmography

Kai aš mažas buvau (When I was little) (1968)
Mažoji išpažintis (Little confession) (1971)
Atsiprašau  (I'm sorry) (1982)
Kažkas atsitiko (Something happened) (1986)
Anastasija  (Anastasia) (2006)

Discography
 Akustinis (1978 LP album, 1994 CD ir MC, 2006, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Baltojo nieko dainelės (1979, Vilniaus plokštelių studija; 2000, „"Čiki Piki")
 Vytautas Kernagis (1979 LP, Melodia C60-10889-90)
 Kabaretas „Tarp girnų“ (1982 small vinyl, 1984 LP, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Vytautas kernagis Čikagoje (1985, Cassettes studija)
 Dainos teatras:
 Žvilgsnis nuo kalno (1986, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Eik savo keliu (1987, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Povo link... (1989, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Apie medžioklę (1990, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Keistumas (1991 m., "Lituanus")
 Dainos teatras – Abėcėlė (1993, "Bomba")
 Vaikai vanagai (1994, "Bomba")
 Kabaretas „Tarp girnų“ 1979–1994 (1994 m., "Bomba")
 Baltas paukštis (1998, Vilniaus plokštelių studija)
 Teisingos dainos (2003, "Tigris")
 Dainos teatras (2006)
 Klasika (2007, 5 CD collection):
 Akustinis
 Baltojo nieko dainelės
 Dainos teatras
 Teisingos dainos

Awards
 1995 - Antanas Šabaniauskas' music award
 2000 -
 2002 - Officer's Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
 2008 - Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts, for the professionalism in modern creativity and artistry.

References

External links
 Vytautas Kernagis Fund

Category:1951 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:Deaths from stomach cancer
Category:Deaths from cancer in Lithuania
Category:Recipients of the Lithuanian National Prize
Category:Officer's Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
Category:Lithuanian songwriters
Category:Lithuanian pop musicians
Category:Lithuanian television presenters
Category:Musicians from Vilnius
Category:Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni
Category:21st-century Lithuanian politicians
Category:20th-century Lithuanian writers
Category:20th-century Lithuanian singers
Category:21st-century Lithuanian writers
Category:21st-century Lithuanian singers


Litta

The Litta are a noble Milanese family who produced two cardinals, Alfonso Litta and Lorenzo Litta.

See also

 Palazzo Litta, Milan
 Madonna Litta

References

Category:Families of Milan


List of Roman Catholic Archbishops of Vancouver

The Archbishop of Vancouver is the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver who is responsible for looking after its "spiritual and administrative needs". As the archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province encompassing nearly all of British Columbia, the Archbishop of Vancouver also administers the bishops who head the suffragan dioceses of Kamloops, Nelson, Prince George, and Victoria.  The current archbishop is J. Michael Miller.

The archdiocese began as the Vicariate Apostolic of British Columbia, which was created on December 14, 1863. Louis-Joseph d'Herbomez was appointed its first bishop, and under his reign, the first parish was formed at the Holy Rosary church. On September 2, 1890, the vicariate was elevated to the status of diocese by Pope Leo XIII and was based in New Westminster.  On account of the rapid expansion and development of Vancouver, the Holy See decided to centre the archdiocese around the city.  As a result, the Diocese of New Westminster became the Archdiocese of Vancouver, and the Archdiocese of Victoria was reduced to diocesan level on September 7, 1908. Augustin Dontenwill became the first archbishop of the newly formed metropolitan see in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Eleven men have been Archbishop of Vancouver or bishop to its antecedent jurisdictions, of whom four were members of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) and one (Dontenwill) became the superior general of the order. Neil McNeil, the fourth ordinary of the archdiocese, was the first archbishop who did not belong to a religious order.  James Carney, whose episcopacy spanned from 1969 to 1990, was the first archbishop born in Vancouver. William Mark Duke had the longest tenure as Archbishop of Vancouver, serving for 33 years from 1931 to 1964, while McNeil held the position for two years (1910–12), marking the shortest archepiscopacy.

List of ordinaries

Vicars Apostolic of British Columbia

Bishops of New Westminster

Archbishops of Vancouver

Notes

References
GeneralSpecific

External links

 Archdiocesan website

Category:Christianity in Vancouver
Vancouver

Archbishops


Chalk Mountain (Churchill County, Nevada)

Chalk Mountain is a summit in the U.S. state of Nevada. The elevation is .

Chalk Mountain was so named on account of its mineral composition.

References

Category:Mountains of Churchill County, Nevada


Koolhoven F.K.43

Koolhoven F.K.43 was a small four-seat, single-engined monoplane passenger aircraft manufactured by Koolhoven in the Netherlands. It was a direct successor of the F.K.41.

It was a quite successful design with good flying qualities. KLM purchased twelve aircraft and used it as a flying taxi and for pilot training. Two of these were built by Aviolanda.

At the outbreak of World War II, four F.K.43s were requisitioned by the Royal Netherlands Air Force. One of these escaped destruction by flying to England, where it was taken into use as a liaison aircraft by the Royal Air Force. After the war another eight aircraft with a different engine were manufactured by Fokker (the aircraft were called "Fokhovens"). Only one of these heavily modified aircraft has survived until today.

Specifications (F.K.43)

See also

Category:1930s Dutch civil utility aircraft


Transport Malta

Transport Malta (or the Authority for Transport in Malta) is a government body overseeing transport in Malta. It comes under the authority of the Maltese Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. It was created in 2010, taking over the previous functions of the Malta Maritime Authority, the Malta Transport Authority and the Director and Directorate of Civil Aviation. Transport Malta has charge of building and maintenance of roads and public transport infrastructure; sea transport, including registration of ships; and regulation of civil aviation.

Organisation
Transport Malta is composed of the following directorates:

Integrated Transport Strategy Directorate
Ports and Yachting Directorate
Merchant Shipping Directorate
Roads and Infrastructure Directorate
Land Transport Directorate
Civil Aviation Directorate
Corporate Services Directorate
Enforcement Directorate
Information and Communication Technology Directorate

Roads and Infrastructure Directorate
The Roads and Infrastructure Directorate (RID) is led by Simon Grima, and is structured into two divisions:

1.   The Roads division, which is made up of:
the Design and Planning Unit,
the Major Projects (EU Funded) Unit,
the Major Projects (Capital Projects) Unit,
the Construction Management (Post-Contract) Unit,
the Domestic Roads and Maintenance Unit, and
the Works Quality Assurance Unit.

2.   The Infrastructure Division which is made up of:
the Capital Projects Unit,
the Projects Administration and EU funding Unit, and
the Marine Maintenance Unit.

References

External links

 Official website
 Official ministry website

Category:road authorities
Category:Transport organisations based in Malta
Category:Government agencies of Malta


Lamer

Lamer is a jargon or slang name originally applied in cracker and phreaker culture to someone who did not really understand what they were doing. Today it is also loosely applied by IRC, BBS, and online gaming users to anyone perceived to be contemptible. In general, the term has come to describe someone who is willfully ignorant of how things work. It is derived from the word "lame".

A lamer is sometimes understood to be the antithesis of a hacker. While a hacker strives to understand the mechanisms behind what they use, even when such extended knowledge would have no practical value, a lamer only cares to learn the bare minimum necessary to operate the device in the way originally intended.

Origin
At least one example of the term "lamer" to mean "a dull, stupid, inept, or contemptible person" appeared as early as 1961. It was popularized among Amiga crackers of the mid-1980s by "Lamer Exterminator", the most famous and feared Amiga virus ever, which gradually corrupted non-write-protected floppy disks with bad sectors. The bad sectors, when examined, were overwritten with repetitions of the string "LAMER!".

In phreak culture, a lamer is one who scams codes from others and lacks understanding of the fundamental concepts. In warez culture, where the ability to distribute cracked commercial software within days of (or before) release to the commercial market is much esteemed, the lamer might try to upload garbage, shareware, or outdated releases.

See also
 Script kiddie
 Noob
 Luser

References

External links
 Definition of lame - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
 Definition of Lamer - Jargon File - Origination of term lamer.

Category:Pejorative terms for people
Category:Computer jargon


Pilophyllum

Pilophyllum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. The sole species is Pilophyllum villosum, native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

See also
 List of Orchidaceae genera

References

 Berg Pana, H. 2005. Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee. Ulmer, Stuttgart

External links

Category:Monotypic Epidendroideae genera
Category:Collabieae genera
Category:Orchids of the Philippines
Category:Orchids of Indonesia
Category:Orchids of Thailand
Category:Orchids of Malaysia
Category:Orchids of New Guinea
Category:Flora of the Solomon Islands (archipelago)


Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion

On 11 July 2011, a large amount of ammunition and military explosives self-detonated, killing 13 people, including  the Commander of the Navy, Andreas Ioannides, the base commander and six firefighters. A further 62 people were injured. The explosion was the worst peacetime military accident ever recorded in Cyprus, and is ranked as the fifth largest non-nuclear human-induced explosion in history, with a yield of approximately 2 to 3.2 kilotons.

Background

The base is situated at Mari, Larnaca. In open storage on the base were 98 containers of 120 mm, 122 mm, 125 mm, and 160 mm high explosive artillery shells, 7.62 mm shell casings, compressed gunpowder, silver dollar-sized slugs, primers, and magnesium primers that had been seized by the United States Navy in 2009 after it intercepted a Cypriot-flagged, Russian-owned vessel, Monchegorsk, travelling from Iran to Syria in the Red Sea. According to leaked US cables through WikiLeaks, released in 2011, the US through Hillary Clinton exerted pressure on Cyprus to confiscate the shipment. The ship was escorted to a Cypriot port and the Cyprus Navy was given responsibility for the explosives, which it moved to the Evangelos Florakis a month later. At the time of the incident in 2011, the explosives had apparently been left in the open for over two years. The Cypriot government had declined offers from Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States to remove or dispose of the material, fearing an adverse reaction from Syria. The government had instead requested that the UN effect the removal, but claimed that its request had been rejected.

Explosion
The explosion occurred at 05:50 EEST (02:50 UTC) following a fire caused by explosions of several containers starting one hour and 20 minutes earlier. Extensive damage was caused in a wide area surrounding the blast. The Vasilikos Power Station, the largest power facility on Cyprus, which provided approximately half the island's electricity, was severely damaged, causing widespread power cuts which affected much of Nicosia, the Cypriot capital, over 40 miles (65 km) from the Evangelos Florakis base.

The blast killed 12 people on the spot and injured a further 62, of whom two were injured seriously with one dying later increasing the number of dead to 13. Among those killed were Captain Andreas Ioannides, the Commander of the Navy (the head of the Cyprus Navy) and Commander Lambros Lambrou, 45, the commander of the Evangelos Florakis base. Also killed were four other Cyprus Navy personnel and six civilian firefighters who had been tackling the small blaze that led to the explosion.

Aftermath

The €700 million-power station was reduced to a "mangled shell", and the electricity supply to approximately half of Cyprus was interrupted. The Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) later instituted rolling blackouts in order to conserve the supply and stated that it would import generators from Greece and Israel while the damage, estimated at €2 billion, was being repaired. The rolling blackouts lasted for two to three hours in each area and were planned to affect only residential areas.

The station's installed capacity was 47% of EAC's total and would have soon increased to 55% with the delivery of Unit 5. A private deal was signed on 16 July for the supply of up to 80MW from Northern Cyprus until the end of August.

Funerals were held for the majority of the dead, including Ioannides, on 13 July. Concerns were raised that some of the substances in the containers may have been toxic, but the Cypriot Health Minister announced on 20 July that no public health risk had been detected, although residents would be kept under observation as a "precautionary measure".

Political repercussions
As a result of the incident, demonstrations were held in the capital Nicosia by angered citizens, leading to the resignation of the Cypriot Defence Minister and the Commander-in-Chief of the Cypriot National Guard. The Cypriot Defence Minister, Costas Papacostas, and the National Guard Commander-in-Chief, General Petros Tsalikidis, both resigned from their offices as a result of the incident. The government announced that an independent inquiry into the incident would be held and Cyprus Police announced that it would launch a criminal investigation. The explosion destroyed several houses and over 250 others suffered lesser damage, displacing approximately 150 people.

Several thousand people upset by the Cypriot government's failure to dispose of the explosives held a demonstration in the capital Nicosia on 12 July. A group of about fifty broke away from the demonstration and stormed the grounds of the Presidential Palace, demanding the resignation of Dimitris Christofias, President of Cyprus. The breakaway group was almost immediately apprehended by the Cyprus Police, who nonetheless used tear gas ten minutes after the incident had begun in an attempt to disperse the crowds. The protests continued into 13 July and 20 people were arrested during the disorder.

On 19 July, Markos Kyprianou, the Cypriot Foreign Minister, resigned, becoming the second cabinet minister to resign over the explosion. On 3 October, Polys Polyviou, the independent state-appointed investigator charged to look into potential responsibility by state and other officials leading to the 11 July blast, released a 643-page document detailing his findings of the investigation, concluding that Cypriot president Dimitris Christofias is mainly to blame for the events that led to the explosion. According to the investigation, the president has institutional and very serious personal responsibility for the disaster. The investigator said that the attorney-general should look into the possibility of serious crimes—including manslaughter—being committed by all involved, without exception. The president Dimitris Christofias rejected the results of the investigation, denying any personal responsibility and accusing Mr. Polyviou of exceeding his mandate.

Economic repercussions
Of Cyprus' US$24.66bn economy, the EU estimates that the cost of the explosion to the island could amount to US$2.83bn, with cost of the power plant itself coming to US$992m. This was weeks before the Bank of Cyprus and other business leaders said "deep spending cuts are needed fast."

References

External links
 Images from The Guardian.
Images from Hellas-Sat: the base before and after (first, second) the explosion.
 The results of the investigation concerning the causes and the responsibilities of state and other officials leading to the explosion  (in Greek)

Category:Explosions in 2011
Category:2011 in Cyprus
Category:2011 in military history
Category:July 2011 events in Europe
Category:Cyprus Navy
Category:Man-made disasters in Cyprus
Category:Larnaca District
Category:Military history of Cyprus


Boris Chicherin

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin () (May 26, 1828 – February 3, 1904) was a Russian jurist and political philosopher, who worked out a theory that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government to persevere with liberal reforms. By the time of the Russian Revolution, Chicherin was probably the most reputable legal philosopher and historian in Russia.

Biography
Chicherin was born in Tambov, where his noble ancestors had been residing for many centuries. In 1849, he matriculated from the law department of the Moscow University. On insistence of Dr. Timofey Granovsky, he continued to work in the university as a professor of Russian law. Together with his friend Konstantin Kavelin, he penned a comprehensive program of Russian liberalism which was published by Alexander Herzen in London.

Chicherin was a great champion of Alexander II's reforms of the 1860s, hailing them as "the best monument of Russian legislation". He said the tsar had been:
called upon to execute one of the hardest tasks which can confront an autocratic ruler: to completely remodel the enormous state which had been entrusted to his care, to abolish an age-old order founded on slavery, to replace it with civic decency and freedom, to establish justice in a country which it never known the meaning of legality, to redesign the entire administration, to introduce freedom of the press in the context of untrammeled authority, to call new forces to life at every turn and set them on firm legal foundations, to put a repressed and humiliated society on its feet and to give at the chance to flex its muscles.

Chicherin published the Regional Administration of 17th-century Russia in 1856, followed by the treatise On Popular Representation 10 years later. Chicherin's mature works, imbued with Hegel's thought as they were, advocated the constitutional monarchy as an ideal form of government for Russia.

In 1868, Chicherin resigned his position at the university as a protest against government repressions and settled in his estate near Tambov. It was here that he wrote several volumes of his bulky History of Political Theories. Its magnificent literary style was acclaimed by such masters as Ivan Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy.

Later, Chicherin returned to Moscow, where he was elected the city mayor in 1882. At that period, he supported Alexander's harsh measures in Poland and the tsar's struggle against radical revolutionaries. His speech at Alexander III's coronation in the Kremlin was interpreted as too liberal, however, and he was forced to resign. He spent his last years writing 4 volumes of memoirs and some books on chemistry, zoology, and geometry.
The memoirs have been reprinted by Oriental Research Partners (Newtonville, MA) in 1974 with a new introduction on Chicherin's life by Prof. D. Hammer, Indiana University.

The revolutionary Georgy Chicherin, later Soviet Foreign Minister, was Boris Chicherin's nephew.

See also
List of Russian legal historians

References
Hamburg, G. M. Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism, 1828–1866 (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1992).

External links

 Extensive entry in the Brockhaus-Efron Encyclopaedia

References

Category:1828 births
Category:1904 deaths
Category:Imperial Russian historians
Category:Imperial Russian philosophers
Category:Imperial Russian politicians
Category:Imperial Moscow University alumni
Category:Legal historians
Category:Imperial Russian liberals


Murrough

Murrough may refer to:

Murrough Boyle, 1st Viscount Blesington (1645–1718), Irish peer and member of the House of Lords
Murrough mac Toirdelbach Ó Briain, Chief of the Name, the Clan Tiege of Aran, fl. 1575 – 1588
Domhnall Spainneach Mac Murrough Caomhanach (died 1632), the last King of Leinster
Murrough Ua Cellaigh, 41st King of Uí Maine and 8th Chief of the Name, died 1186
Murrough na dTuadh Ó Flaithbheartaigh, Chief of Iar Connacht, died 1593
Murrough McDermot O'Brien, 3rd Baron Inchiquin (1550–1573), the 3rd Baron Inchiquin
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin and 6th Baron Inchiquin (1614–1674), known as Murchadh na dTóiteán ("of the conflagrations")
Murrough O'Brien, 4th Baron Inchiquin (1562–1597), the 4th Baron Inchiquin
Murrough Ó Laoí (1668–1684), Irish physician
Dermot Mac Murrough (1110–1171), King of Leinster in Ireland
Teige Mac Murrough O'Brien (–1577), a son of Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond and Eleanor fitz John
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond (died 1551), the last King of Thomond, and a descendant of the High King of Ireland, Brian Boru
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Marquess of Thomond KP, PC (Ire) (1726–1808), 5th Earl of Inchiquin, an Irish peer, soldier and politician
Murrough John Wilson KBE (1875–1946), British Army officer, member of parliament, and railway executive

See also
MacMurrough
Murro
Murru


Tiny Sandford

Stanley J. "Tiny" Sandford (February 26, 1894October 29, 1961) was a tall, burly actor who is best remembered for his roles in Laurel and Hardy and Charlie Chaplin films. He was usually cast as a comic heavy, and often played policemen, doormen, prizefighters, or bullies.

Biography
Sandford was born in Osage, Iowa, in 1894. After working in stock theater he began acting in movies around 1910. He appeared in The Gold Rush with Charlie Chaplin. Other Chaplin films that he appeared in include The Circus (1928) and Modern Times (1936), where he plays "Big Bill". His films with Laurel and Hardy include Big Business (1929),  Double Whoopee (1929), The Chimp (1932), and Our Relations (1936). He appeared in The Warrior's Husband as a clumsy and cowardly Hercules. Sandford also acted in Way Out West, but his sequence was cut from the final take.

He also appeared in dramas such as The World's Champion (1922) and The Iron Mask (1929).

He retired from acting in 1940, the year he had a very small role in Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator. He died in Los Angeles, California on October 29, 1961.

Filmography

Notes

References
Maltin, Leonard (1973). The Laurel & Hardy Book. New York: Curtis.

External links

Category:1894 births
Category:1961 deaths
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male silent film actors
Category:Hal Roach Studios actors
Category:Male actors from Iowa
Category:People from Osage, Iowa
Category:20th-century American male actors


Art Zurich

Art Zurich, also known as Art International Zurich and Contemporary Art Fair Zurich, is a public art fair in Zürich, Switzerland.
The fair showcases contemporary art styles, including painting, sculpture, photography, graphic, video and art objects. More than 1000 exhibitors from 70 countries have participated in the art fair established in 1999.

Since 1999, the art fair has so far counted more than 1000 exhibitors from over 70 countries. Since its inception, this art fair has enjoyed a steady upward trend, which can be attributed above all to the cosmopolitan mix of internationality and artistic diversity. The fair has thus developed into an institution in the Swiss art scene.

The fair is held Friday to Sunday in each early autumn. On Thursday before, the Vernissage evening is reserved for VIP guests. Depending upon availability, the public is allowed to participate, with an entry charge. Due to a renovation of Kongresshaus Zürich upon 2017, the fair will be held at Puls 5 in Zurich West. The new venue was very well received by the public. Alongside art cities New York and London, Zurich is one of the world's leading art trading cities and houses more than 100 galleries and over 50 museums.

References

Category:Events in Zürich
Category:Culture of Zürich
Category:Tourist attractions in Zürich
Category:1999 establishments in Switzerland
Category:Autumn events in Switzerland


Sugar Bush Lake

Sugar Bush Lake is a lake in Mahnomen County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

Sugar Bush Lake was named for the sugar maple trees near the lake.

See also
List of lakes in Minnesota

References

Category:Lakes of Minnesota
Category:Lakes of Mahnomen County, Minnesota


Caroline Arnott

Dame Caroline Sydney Williams Arnott, DBE, OStJ, JP (bapt. 17 May 1859 – 28 December 1933) was an English philanthropist.

Family
Arnott was born in Bath, Somerset, the daughter of Sir Frederick Martin Williams, 2nd Bt., of Tregullow. She married Major Sir John Alexander Arnott, 2nd Bt. (16 November 1853 – 26 July 1940), son of Sir John Arnott, 1st Bt. and Mary (née McKinlay), on 27 September 1881, publisher of the Irish Times.  He held the office of Justice of the Peace (JP) for County Cork and of Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of County Cork. She spent her married life in Dublin, where she was active in charitable causes, including raising £50,000  () for an Irish War Memorial for the First World War.

Children
 Margaret Christian Salomé Arnott (1883 – 14 March 1952)
 Captain John Arnott (25 July 1885 – 30 March 1918)
 Lina Victoria Arnott (1887 – 25 October 1974)
 Mary Christian Arnott (1887 – 26 May 1936)
 Sir Lauriston John Arnott, 3rd Bt. (27 November 1890 – 2 July 1958)
 Sir Robert John Arnott, 4th Bt. (19 August 1896 – 25 July 1966)
 Major Thomas John Arnott (12 April 1899 – 16 July 1979)

Investitures
She was invested as a Lady of Grace, Order of St John of Jerusalem (LGStJ). She held the office of Justice of the Peace (JP). In 1918, she was invested as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire when she was vice president of the Soldiers and Sailors Help Society, Dublin, for her war work.

Death
Dame Caroline Arnott died on 28 December 1933 in Leicester. She was buried in Saint Fintan's Cemetery in Sutton, Dublin, Ireland.

References

Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Ladies of Grace of the Order of St John
Category:1859 births
Category:1933 deaths
Category:English justices of the peace


Michael Zeyer

Michael "Zico" Zeyer (born 9 June 1968 in Neresheim, Baden-Württemberg) is a retired German football player. He is the twin brother of Andreas Zeyer.

Honours
 Fußball-Bundesliga runner-up: 1994
 DFB-Pokal finalist: 1998

External links

Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Neresheim
Category:German footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Bundesliga players
Category:2. Bundesliga players
Category:SSV Ulm 1846 players
Category:SC Freiburg players
Category:1. FC Kaiserslautern players
Category:SV Waldhof Mannheim players
Category:MSV Duisburg players
Category:VfB Stuttgart players
Category:Fortuna Düsseldorf players
Category:Grindavík men's football players
Category:1. FC Heidenheim players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Iceland
Category:German expatriates in Iceland
Category:Twin people from Germany
Category:Twin sportspeople
Category:Footballers from Baden-Württemberg


Cyril Diver

Captain Cyril Diver, C.B., C.B.E., (1892 – 17 February 1969), was the first Director-General of the Nature Conservancy.
The son of Lt Col C Diver and the author, Maud Diver. Educated at Dover College and Trinity College, Oxford, after serving in France during World War I, he became a clerk in the House of Commons. In the 1930s he performed a systematic survey of the varied ecosystems of Studland, Dorset. A keen naturalist he was especially interested in molluscan ecology and genetics.

Between 2012 and 2015, the National Trust ran a citizen science project named after Cyril – the Cyril Diver Project that was designed to carry out a comprehensive ecological survey of the Studland peninsula in a similar manner to Diver's original study.

References

Category:1892 births
Category:1969 deaths
Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Category:Conchologists
Category:English naturalists


Compsa albopicta

Compsa albopicta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Perty in 1832.

References

Category:Neoibidionini
Category:Beetles described in 1832


Quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra

A quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra is a specialized form of a quasi-Hopf algebra defined by the Ukrainian mathematician Vladimir Drinfeld in 1989. It is also a generalized form of a quasi-triangular Hopf algebra.

A quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra is a set  where  is a quasi-Hopf algebra and  known as the R-matrix, is an invertible element such that

for all , where  is the switch map given by , and

where  and .

The quasi-Hopf algebra becomes triangular if in addition, .

The twisting of  by  is the same as for a quasi-Hopf algebra, with the additional definition of the twisted R-matrix

A quasi-triangular (resp. triangular) quasi-Hopf algebra with  is a quasi-triangular (resp. triangular) Hopf algebra as the latter two conditions in the definition reduce the conditions of quasi-triangularity of a Hopf algebra.

Similarly to the twisting properties of the quasi-Hopf algebra, the property of being quasi-triangular or triangular quasi-Hopf algebra is preserved by twisting.

See also
Ribbon Hopf algebra

References
 Vladimir Drinfeld, "Quasi-Hopf algebras", Leningrad mathematical journal (1989), 1419–1457
 J. M. Maillet and J. Sanchez de Santos, "Drinfeld Twists and Algebraic Bethe Ansatz", American Mathematical Society Translations: Series 2 Vol. 201, 2000

Category:Coalgebras


2018 European Athletics Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay

The Men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2018 European Athletics Championships took place at the Olympic Stadium on 12 August.

Records

Schedule

Results

Round 1
First 3 in each heat (Q) and 2 best performers (q) advance to the Final.

Final

References

4 × 100 metres relay M
Category:Relays at the European Athletics Championships


Noble Damsel Handicap

The Noble Damsel Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. Open to fillies and mares, age three-years-old and up, it is a Grade III event set at one mile on turf.

First run in 1988, it currently offers a purse of $200,000. Up to 1996, it was run at a distance of  miles. Since then, it has been run at one mile.

The Noble Damsel is named for the filly who won the New York Handicap in 1982. Prior to 1989, the race was called the Leixable Stakes.

Past winners
 2017: Off Limits (IRE) (Joel Rosario)
 2016 - Mrs McDougall (Irad Ortiz Jr.)
 2015 - Recepta (Elvis Trujillo)
 2014 - Annecdote (GB) (Irad Ortiz, Jr.)
 2013 - Peace Preserver ( Irad Ortiz, Jr.)
 2012 - Naples Bay (Jose Lezcano)
 2011 - Unbridled Humor ( Ramon Dominguez)
 2010 - Strike the Bell (Ramon Dominguez)
 2009 - Rutherienne (Alan Garcia)
 2008 - Criminologist (Edgar Prado)
 2007 - Dance Away Capote (Alan Garcia)
 2006 - Karen's Caper (Edgar Prado)
 2005 - Bright Abundance (Richard Migliore)
 2004 - Ocean Drive (John Velazquez)
 2003 - Wonder Again (Edgar Prado)
 2002 - Tates Creek (Jerry Bailey)
 2001 - Tugger (Jerry Bailey)
 2000 - Gino's Spirits (GB) (Edgar Prado)
 1999 - Khumba Mela (IR) (Jose Santos)
 1998 - Oh Nellie (John Velázquez)
 1997 - Colcon (Jerry Bailey)
 1996 - Perfect Arc (John Velazquez)
 1995 - Irish Linnet (John Velazquez)
 1994 - Irish Linnet (John Velazquez)
 1993 - Mckaymackenna (Chris Antley)
 1992 - Miss Otis (Art Madrid, Jr.)
 1991 - Highland Penny (Angel Cordero Jr.)
 1990 - Christiecat (Eddie Maple)
 1989 - Miss Unnameable (Raul Rojas)
 1988 - Glowing Honor (Pat Day)

References

 The 2009 Noble Damsel Handicap at ESPN

Category:Horse races in New York (state)
Category:Turf races in the United States
Category:Graded stakes races in the United States
Category:Belmont Park
Category:1988 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1988


Baas

Baas:
A Afrikaans word for boss and Dutch word for supervisor/leader/master, from which the American word "boss" is derived.

Surname
 Balduin Baas (1922–2006), German actor
 David Baas (born 1981), American football center
 Gilberto Keb Baas (born 1977), Mexican boxer
 Heinz Baas (1922–1994), German football player and manager
 Ian Baas (born 1982), American race car driver
 Jan Baas (born 1950), Dutch politician
 Johann Hermann Baas (1838–1909), German medical historian
 Lourens Baas Becking (1895–1963), Dutch botanist and microbiologist
 Maarten Baas (born 1978), Dutch industrial designer
 Pieter Baas (born 1944), Dutch botanist
 Stien Baas-Kaiser (born 1938), Dutch speed skater

See also
 BaaS Backend as a service, a type of cloud computing
 May refer to Dutch film Brammetje Baas
 Plural of "baa", see Baa (disambiguation)
 BAAS (disambiguation)
 Bas (disambiguation)

Category:Dutch-language surnames


Sundaresvara Tank

Sundaresvara Tank is located in the south of Sundaresvara Siva temple across the Sundaresvara road, Old Town, Bhubaneswar, the capital of Orissa. It is now under the care and maintenance of Sri Sri Dadhivamana Sundaresvara Mahadeva Trust Board. The tank is enclosed within a masonry embankment made of dressed laterite blocks. The exact date when the tank was built could not be ascertained. However the tank may be earlier or contemporaneous to the Sundaresvara Siva Temple which is ascribed to the 13th Century A.D. The tank is in use for ritual as well as normal bathing. The tank is under the Endowment Department and Sri Sri Dadhivamana Sundaresvara Mahadeva Trust Board.

Tradition and Legends
According to the local legend, the tank is named after the temple deity Sundaresvara Siva. It is so named may be because of the beautiful
surrounding and environment.

Significance

Historic significance
Late Gangas.

Cultural significance
Many festivals like Shivaratri, Jalasayi, Kartika Purnima are observed.

Social significance
Pinda, Sradha, Mundanakriya etc. are also held.

Associational significance
The tank is associated with Sri Sri Dadhivamana Sundaresvara Trust Board.

Physical description

Surrounding
The tank has laterite embankments on all the four sides.
The temple of Sundaresvara Mahadeva stands on the northern embankment within a distance of 7.00 m across the road. On the north-west corner there is a recently built house that partly encroaches the ancient tank.

Orientation
Bathing ghats provided with steps in the northern and western embankments.

Architectural features
Rectangular on plan measuring 49.00 m in length, 44.30 m in breadth and 3.50 m in depth. At the centre of the tank there is a small shrine. There are thirteen flights of steps in the north-western corner leading down to the tank. The building material used for construction is dressed laterite blocks. The construction techniques used is dry masonry.
It is fed by a natural spring from the underground.
The excess and waste water is discharged through an outlet channel in the east. As a result the water level of the tank remains constant throughout the year. The water is fresh and clean. The water is used for ritual bath as well as community bath of the locality.

State of preservation
Currently the condition of the condition is pretty good but the southern wall of the tank is partly broken and now the renovation work is going on. It was repaired by Endowment Department in the past and presently maintained by Sri Sri Dadhivamana Sundaresvara Mahadeva Trust Board.

Grade

References

 Lesser Known Monuments of Bhubaneswar by Dr. Sadasiba Pradhan ()
The article has been documented by Dr. Sadasiba Pradhan and team on 24.12.2006
 Indira Gandhi National Centre For The Arts: Archaeological sites of Orissa

Category:Temple tanks in Odisha


List of Punjabi-language poets

Poets of Punjabi language (Shahmukhi:   Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਕਵੀ).

Poets

Further reading
Sufi Poets of the Punjab Pakistan (Their Thought and Contribution) Prof M Ashraf Chaudhary. National Book Foundation Islamabad.
 "Great Sufi Poets of The Punjab" by R. M. Chopra, (1999), Iran Society, Calcutta.

External links
 Punjabi Poetry
 Collection of Rare Work of Punjabi Poets/Writers
 Academy of the Punjab In North America (APNA)
 Punjabi Poets Poetry[ punjabizone.net website]
 Punjabi Poetry Legends and Poems

Category:Lists of poets by language
Poets,Punjabi
Poets
!
Poets
*
Poets
Category:Punjabi language-related lists


11,000 Clicks

11,000 Clicks is a DVD release from the musical group Moloko, and their final release other than the compilation album Catalogue. It was recorded at Brixton Academy in London and also contains a documentary titled "Ed's Film" filmed by Eddie Stevens which contains footage shot by the band both backstage and on location.

Track listing
 "Familiar Feeling"
 "I Want You"
 "Absent Minded Friends"
 "Day for Night"
 "Come On"
 "Fun for Me"
 "Where Is the What If the What Is in Why?"
 "Cannot Contain This"
 "Pure Pleasure Seeker"
 "The Time Is Now"
 "Statues"
 "100%"
 "Forever More"
 "Sing It Back"
 "Being Is Bewildering"
 "Blow X Blow"
 "Indigo"

References
IMDB- Moloko - 11,000 Clicks
http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/312401/Moloko-11-000-Clicks/overview

Category:Moloko live albums
Category:2004 live albums
Category:2004 video albums
Category:Live video albums
Category:Sanctuary Records live albums
Category:Sanctuary Records video albums
Category:Moloko video albums