Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (, NTNU) is a public research university in Norway with the main campus in Trondheim and smaller campuses in Gjøvik and Ålesund. The largest university in Norway, NTNU has over 8,000 employees and over 40,000 students. NTNU in its current form was established by the King-in-Council in 1996 by the merger of the former University of Trondheim and other university-level institutions, with roots dating back to 1760, and has later also incorporated some former university colleges. NTNU is consistently ranked in the top one percentage among the world's universities, usually in the 101–400 range depending on ranking.

NTNU has the main national responsibility for education and research in engineering and technology, and is the successor of Norway's preeminent engineering university, the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH), established by Parliament in 1910 as Norway's national engineering university. In addition to engineering and natural sciences, the university offers higher education in other academic disciplines ranging from medicine, psychology, social sciences, the arts, teacher education, architecture and fine art. NTNU is well known for its close collaboration with industry, and particularly with its R&D partner SINTEF, which provided it with the biggest industrial link among all the technical universities in the world. The university's academics include three Nobel laureates in medicine, Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe.

History

NTNU is a young institution with a long history. The university, in its current form, was established in 1996 by the merger of six research and higher education institutions in Trondheim, as follows:

 Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH), established in 1910
 Museum of Natural History and Archaeology (VM), established in 1767
 Norwegian College of General Sciences (AVH), established in 1922
 Faculty of Medicine (DMF), established in 1975
 Trondheim Academy of Fine Art (KiT),  established in 1987
 Trondheim Conservatory of Music, established in 1973

Prior to the merger, NTH, NLHT, DMF, and VM together constituted the University of Trondheim , which was a much looser organization. However, the university's root goes back to 1760, with the foundation of Det Trondhiemske Selskab (Trondheim Academy), which in 1767 became the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.

The engineering education in Trondheim began with Trondhjems Tekniske Læreanstalt (Trondheim Technical College) in 1870, and in 1910, Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) opened officially. In 2010, NTNU celebrated the 250th anniversary of Trondheim Academy. NTNU also celebrated the 100th anniversary of NTH in the same year. The centennial was also celebrated by the publication of several books, among them a history of the university, entitled "Turbulens og tankekraft. Historien om NTNU"  which translates as "Turbulence and mindpower: The history of NTNU".

1700s
Det Trondhiemske Selskab (Trondheim Academy), Norway's first academic society, was founded in 1760. In 1767, it changed its name to the Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters (DKNVS) upon receiving recognition from the Danish Crown. DKNVS library – today known as NTNU Gunnerus Library – was founded in 1768, and is Norway's oldest library.

1800s
First proposal for a Norwegian Polytechnical Institute was made in 1833. Trondhjems Tekniske Læreanstalt (Trondheim Technical College) or TTL was founded in 1870. The newly formed school educated engineers of various fields. In 1898, TTL moved to a larger building in Munkegata. TTL was disbanded in 1900s, giving a way to a Norwegian Institute of Technology.

1900–1968
In 1900, the Norwegian Parliament passed a resolution supporting the establishment of Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim. NTH was officially opened on September 15, 1910. Five academical departments were originally present in the parliament's resolution of 31 May 1900, such as Architecture and Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (a. General and b. Naval, i.e. ship and ship engine construction), Electrical engineering, and Chemistry (a. General and b. Electro-chemistry).

In 1922, Norwegian College of Teaching in Trondheim (NLHT) opened at Lade gård.

In 1950, Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning (Industrial and Technical Research Centre) or SINTEF was founded as part of NTH and as its link to Norwegian industry.

1968–1996
University of Trondheim (UNiT) was established in 1968, and in Department of Medicine (later the Faculty of Medicine) established as part of UNiT in 1974. It was designed by the architect Henning Larsen. In 1984, NLHT also reformed into Norwegian College of General Sciences (AVH) as part of UNiT.

1996–2016
On 1 January 1996, the University of Trondheim became the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Already in 1989, NTH Rector Karsten Jakobsen had launched the idea of a Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. On March 21, 1995, the Parliament, with barely a majority after a long debate, decided to establish NTNU in Trondheim.

2016–present

In 2014, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research asked the country's universities and university colleges to provide suggestions, observations, and ideas for rebuilding Norway's institutions of higher education. The context of the request was that the Norwegian government wanted to cut back on the number of institutions in the sector.

The NTNU board decided on 28 January 2015 to merge NTNU with the University Colleges of Sør-Trøndelag, Ålesund and Gjøvik to form a new university that would retain the university's current name, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The merger, which went into effect in January 2016, made NTNU Norway's largest single university.

Campus

NTNU has several campuses in Trondheim; Gløshaugen - for engineering and natural sciences - and Dragvoll - for human sciences and social sciences - are the main two campuses. Other campuses include Tyholt for marine technology, Øya for medicine, Kalvskinnet for archaeology, Midtbyen for the music conservatory and Nedre Elvehavn for the art academy.
NTNU Gløshaugen is an artistic combination of historical NTH buildings and modern buildings. Combined, the campuses span a total area of 734,000 m2.

In addition to NTNU, the following research institutes are located at Gløshaugen, and cooperate closely with NTNU in several areas of research and development:

SINTEF, since its establishment in 1950, has its main departments at Gløshaugen. SINTEF was originally founded by NTH, but since 1980 it has been an independent research institute.

In 1998, the Paper and Fiber Institute (PFI), an independent research institute, moved into a new building at Gløshaugen, relocating from Gaustad in Oslo.

In April 2013, the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) moved into a new building south of the Natural Science building. NINA has a lot of collaboration with SINTEF and NTNU.

NTNU has long considered the possibility of bringing the activity of the two largest campuses together at or near NTNU Gløshaugen campus. In 2013, the Rector initiated a vision project, charges with defining different perspectives on future development in a 50-year perspective. The same year, 2013, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research initiated a choice of concept study for the future co-localization of NTNU's two main campuses in Trondheim. The reports were presented in 2014, and both recommended bringing Dragvoll and Gløshaugen together, and better integrating them with the city. A unanimous NTNU board endorsed the recommendations in the vision report.

Merger
On 1 January 2016, the merger between NTNU and the colleges in Gjøvik, Ålesund, and Sør-Trøndelag officially entered into force, and NTNU gained campuses in Ålesund and Gjøvik, as well as in Trondheim. 2016 was also a transitional year in terms of NTNU's leadership. On November 24, 2015, the new Board met for the first time. It was then extended to include board members from each of the three merging colleges and an external representative appointed by the Ministry of Education.

Organization

NTNU is governed by a board of 11 members, in accordance with the provisions of the Norwegian Act relating to universities and university colleges. Two of the members are elected by and from the students.

NTNU's overall budget in 2017 was 8,19 billion NOK, most of which came from the Norwegian Ministry of Education.

As a result of the university merger in 2016, the number of NTNU faculties increased from seven to nine - including the University Museum - with approximately 39,000 students and approximately 2,500 PhD students. The nine NTNU faculties are organized in 65 departments:

Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Engineering has eight departments:
 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
 Department of Energy and Process Engineering
 Department of Geoscience and Petroleum
 Department of Marine Technology
 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
 Department of Structural Engineering
 Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering (in Gjøvik)
 Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering (in Ålesund)

Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering has eight departments:
 Department of Computer Science
 Department of Electric Power Engineering
 Department of Electronic Systems
 Department of Engineering Cybernetics
 Department of General Science
 Department of Information Security and Communication Technology
 Department of Mathematical Sciences
 Department of ICT and Natural Sciences (in Ålesund)
 Department of Software Engineering
 Department of Graphics Design

Faculty of Natural Sciences
Faculty of Natural Sciences has eight departments:
 Department of Biology
 Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science
 Department of Biotechnology and Food Science
 Department of Chemical Engineering
 Department of Chemistry
 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
 Department of Physics
 Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund

Faculty of Architecture and Design
Faculty of Architecture and Design has four departments:
 Department of Architecture and Planning
 Department of Architecture and Technology
 Department of Design
 Trondheim Academy of Fine Art

Faculty of Economics and Management
Faculty of Economics and Management has four departments:
 Department of Economics
 Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management
 Department of International Business
 NTNU Business School

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
The Faculty is integrated with St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and is located in Campus Øya in Trondheim. Its main focus areas of research are translational research, medical technology and health surveys, biobanks and registers. The faculty has about 350 master's degree students, 250 bachelor's degree students, 720 medical students and more than 500 students attending other courses (2016 numbers).

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences has eight departments:
 Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine
 Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging
 Department of Mental Health
 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science
 Department of Public Health and Nursing
 Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience
 Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik
 Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund

Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences
The Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences has seven departments:
 Department of Education and Lifelong Learning
 Department of Geography
 Department of Psychology
 Department of Social Anthropology
 Department of Social Work
 Department of Sociology and Political Science
 Department of Teacher Education

Faculty of Humanities
Faculty of Humanities has six departments:
 Department of Art and Media Studies
 Department of Historical Studies
 Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture
 Department of Language and Literature
 Department of Music
 Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies

University Museum
NTNU University Museum forms part of the University on the same organizational level as the faculties. It has two departments:
 Department of Archaeology and Cultural History
 Department of Natural History

Research

NTNU's history of research in engineering goes back to early 20th century, when Norway's first electric railway, known as Thamshavn Line, was developed and constructed in Trondheim as an AC powered tramway, with Trondheim-based technologies. The tramway was launched in 1908 and remained in operation until 1974. Now, research is part of the ongoing activities at the NTNU Faculties as well as the University Museum. The university has 4377 scientific staff, that conduct research in more than 120 laboratories, and is at any time running more than 2,000 research projects. Students and staff can take advantage of roughly 300 research agreements or exchange programs with 58 institutions worldwide. NTNU has decided four Strategic Research Areas for the period 2014–2023, namely NTNU Energy, NTNU Health, NTNU Oceans and NTNU Sustainability, which were chosen on the basis of social relevance, professional quality and the potential for interdisciplinary cooperation.

Research centres

The university hosts three National Centres of Excellence (SFF), seven Centres for Research-based Innovation (SFI), and four Centres for Environment-friendly Energy Research (FME), which are mainly funded by The Research Council of Norway. NTNU is also co-organizing several centers with SINTEF.

Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience
The fifteenth Kavli Institute was inaugurated at NTNU in 2007, as Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, which was the fourth Kavli Institute in neuroscience in the world and the first Kavli Institute in Northern Europe. In 2012, Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg opened the Norwegian Brain Centre as an outgrowth of NTNU's Kavli Institute  one of the largest research laboratories of its kind in the world.

Enabling technologies
NTNU has funded the fundamental long-term research and infrastructure through three Enabling Technologies such as NTNU Biotechnology, NTNU Digital and Nano@NTNU.

Research excellence
NTNU Research Excellence is an initiative to develop elite researchers and research groups in international class, which was launched in 2013, and includes established and new initiatives. The established initiatives are financed by the Research Council of Norway, the EU, and private-sectors (R&D), while the new initiatives are funded by NTNU's own funds in light of strategic prioritization of NTNU's resources. These cover a number of research funding schemes including Outstanding Academic Fellows Programme, Onsager Fellowship Programme, K.G. Jebsen Centres, EU projects, and ERC grants. NTNU participates in about 70 projects in the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Program.

NTNU-SINTEF Partnership
NTNU works closely with SINTEF, Scandinavia's largest independent research institute and one of the largest contract research organizations in Europe, which is integrated into NTNU Campuses. The cooperation of NTNU and SINTEF has been further developed through the project "Better Together", which was launched in 2014. The research collaboration includes a number of joint research laboratories, for example:

 Gemini Centres: NTNU and SINTEF have established a wide range of Gemini Centres. Scientific groups with parallel interests coordinate their scientific efforts and jointly operate their resources.
 MARINTEK: MARINTEK has more than 70 years of experience in the developing of cost-effective, high-performance ships, where model testing in their laboratories constitutes an important element. It provides testing facilities, expertise, and analytical tools for developing operationally efficient and safe ship concepts. MARINTEK is located at the NTNU Department of Marine Technology, and has recently joined SINTEF Ocean.
 Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre: Rolls-Royce Marine, MARINTEK, and NTNU have had a close collaboration for more than 30 years, with cooperation in the development of propellers, propulsion systems, ship designs, and various ship equipment. The Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre is a long-term research collaboration between NTNU, MARINTEK and Rolls-Royce Marine, with a special focus on propellers and propulsion in waves and off-design conditions.
 NTNU NanoLab: NTNU NanoLab aims to facilitate a collaborative research environment for scientists within the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, electrical engineering, materials technology and medical research. The research activities are carried out in collaboration with SINTEF.
 SINTEF Energy Lab: SINTEF Energy Lab represents the next generation energy laboratories, and provide important tools for development of future energy solutions and power systems. It has a wide range of experimental facilities in different areas of Electric Power Engineering from High Voltage Technology to Power Electronics. The research activities are application-based and are carried out in close collaboration with NTNU.
 The Gas Technology Centre: The Gas Centre seeks to exploit the synergism of multidisciplinary research into the natural gas value chain. The centre is the largest natural gas research- and educational centre in Norway, located at NTNU.
Norwegian Fuel Cell Hydrogen Centre, a joint initiative taken by SINTEF, NTNU and Institute for Energy Technology (IFE).

Publishing
To increase Open Access publishing, NTNU has established a publishing fund.

In 2008 NTNU's digital institutional repository was founded. The intention was to establish a full-text archive for the documentation of the scientific output of the institution, and to make as much as possible of the material available online, both nationally and internationally.

In addition to the research articles and books, intended for academics and researchers both inside and outside the university, NTNU disseminates news to the public about the institution and its research and results.

Universitetsavisa, which translates The University Newspaper, is the news and discussion paper of the university, available only in Norwegian. It was established in 1991. For a period it existed in both printed and digital editions, but since 2002 it is only available online.

GEMINI publishes research news from NTNU and the independent research group SINTEF in both English and Norwegian. It is published in both a printed and a digital version.

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology publishes the Nordic Journal of Science and Technology.

Ranking

According to Times Higher Education World University Rankings published in March 2017, NTNU is ranked 1st in the world ranking of universities with the biggest corporate links, due to its research collaboration with SINTEF. Statistically, 9.1 percent of NTNU's total research output is generated in collaboration with SINTEF, which is the largest academic-industry partnership in the world.

NTNU was ranked 217th in the world in May 2019 in the CWTS Leiden Ranking, which is based on bibliometric indicators.

NTNU was ranked 64th in Europe and 208th in the World in January 2019 in the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities for its presence on the web.

Rankings by ARWU Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019:
 Engineering - Marine/Ocean Engineering:  2
 Engineering - Chemical Engineering:      51-75
 Engineering - Metallurgical Engineering: 44
 Engineering - Automation & Control:      76-100

Studies

NTNU specializes in technology and the natural sciences, but also offers a range of bachelor's, master's and doctoral programmes in the humanities, social sciences, economics and public and business administration, and aesthetic disciplines. The university also offers professional degree programmes in medicine, psychology, architecture, the fine arts, music, and teacher education, in addition to technology.

According to the Norwegian Social Science Data Services, NTNU had 84,797 applicants in 2011 and a total student population of 19,054, of whom 9,062 were women. There were 6,193 students enrolled in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 3,518 students enrolled in the Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 3,256 students enrolled in the Faculty of Humanities, 3,090 students enrolled in the Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2,014 students enrolled in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 1,071 enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine, and 605 enrolled in the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art.

About 3,500 bachelor's and master's degrees are awarded each year, and more than 5,500 participate in further education programmes.

NTNU has more than 300 cooperative or exchange agreements with 60 universities worldwide, and several international student exchange programmes. There are, at any given time, around 2,600 foreign students at the university.

NTNU Teaching Excellence
In 2015, NTNU established an initiative called ″NTNU Teaching Excellence″.

Student life

NTNU welcomes students from all over the world, and offers more than 60 international master programmes as well as PhD programmes, which all are taught in English. PhD vacancies are announced on the university website and are paid as academic staff, that offers one of the world's best PhD fellowships as well as employment benefits under Norwegian law. There are no tuition fees at NTNU. However, the international students have to guarantee their living expenses if they are not offered a scholarship.

NTNU students have a clear presence in the city of Trondheim. The most famous student organization is the Studentersamfundet i Trondhjem, also known as "the red round house" after its architectural form; every other year it organizes a cultural festival UKA. Another festival organized by students is the International Student Festival in Trondheim ISFiT, which awards a student peace prize and draws internationally known speakers. EMECS-thon is a student driven embedded systems marathon competition, organized by students from NTNU and implemented in some of the top universities worldwide, where participants have 48 hours to develop an embedded project from scratch. The student sports organization, NTNUI, has roughly 10 000 members in its many branches, with the largest groups including orienteering,  cross-country and telemark skiing, but there are also groups for sports less common in Norway, like American football, lacrosse and aikido. A cabin and cottage organization owns several cabins in the countryside, available for students wishing to spend a few days away. There are also student fraternities, some of which conduct voluntary hazing rituals, which provide contact with potential employers and for social interaction between students. There are also alumni associations; religious and political organizations; clubs devoted to various topics such as innovation, human rights, beer, oatmeal, anime and computers; and The Association for Various Associations, which is a parody of the university's large number of student organizations. University recently started to offer "roof over your head" guarantee to the new coming student to Trondheim until they find proper housing.

The Gløshaugen campus of the university has been filmed with a quadcopter and may be seen as YouTube video here.

NTNU is a pioneer with of the concept of "Student Cabins", the University offers its students access to cabins on the outskirts of the city of Trondheim in which they can enjoy on vacations and weekends.

Nobel laureates and notable people

Nobel laureates

 1968 Lars Onsager, Chemistry  (graduated as a  chemical engineer from Norwegian Institute of Technology, NTH, in 1925)
 1973 Ivar Giaever, Physics  (graduated as a mechanical engineer from Norwegian Institute of Technology, NTH, in 1952)
 2014 Edvard Moser, Medicine or Physiology  (professor of neuroscience, NTNU)
 2014 May-Britt Moser, Medicine or Physiology  (professor of neuroscience, NTNU)
2014 John O'Keefe, Medicine or Physiology   (visiting researcher, NTNU 2015–  )

Faculty and staff

Alumni and honorary doctors

In 2006, NTNU Alumni was founded, primarily as a meeting place and professional network for former students and staff of NTNU and its precursors. The network is now also open to current employees and students. In 2014 the number of members was around 30,000.

NTNU annually awards honorary doctorates to scientists and others who have made an extraordinary contribution to science or culture.

See also
 Gemini (magazine), research news from NTNU and SINTEF
 Centre for Renewable Energy
 Trondheim, city where NTNU is located

References

External links
 Official website
 NTNU - facts and figures
 An overview of some of NTNU’s laboratories
 An overview of the campus in Gløshaugen

Category:Universities and colleges in Norway
Category:Science and technology in Norway
Category:Education in Trondheim
Category:Buildings and structures in Trondheim
Category:Educational institutions established in 1996
Category:1996 establishments in Norway
Category:Architecture schools
Category:Members of the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics
Category:Engineering universities and colleges in Norway
Category:Universities and colleges formed by merger in Norway


İpek Emiroğlu

İpek Emiroğlu (born 1992) is a Turkish female association football referee.

Early life
İpek Emiroğlu was born 1992 in Denizli, Turkey. She is a student of Veterinary medicine at Uludağ University in Bursa.

Referee career
Emiroğlu began her referee career in a Men's U-21 League match as the fourth official in her hometown in 2009. She served in several matches of the different Boys' Leagues, Regional Amateur League, TFF Third League and in all levels of the Women's leagues as  assistant referee. She debuted as referee in a Women's Second League match on December 1, 2013, and served first time as referee in the Women's First League on November 9, 2014.

İpek Emiroğlu is the youngest ever female football referee in Turkey.

References

Category:Living people
Category:1992 births
Category:Sportspeople from Denizli
Category:Uludağ University alumni
Category:Turkish football referees
Category:Turkish sportswomen
Category:Women association football referees


Sinalo Gobeni

Sinalo Gobeni is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Boland in the 2017–18 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 26 October 2017. He made his List A debut for Boland in the 2017–18 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 29 October 2017. In September 2018, he was named in Boland's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut for Boland in the 2018 Africa T20 Cup on 14 September 2018. In September 2019, he was named in Boland's squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup.

References

External links

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:South African cricketers
Category:Boland cricketers
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Independence Monument, Ashgabat

The "Independence Monument" is a monument located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The design of this building was inspired by traditional Turkmen tents and the traditional headgear worn by Turkmen girls. Elements of the building commemorate the independence date of Turkmenistan, 27 October 1991. These elements include a  reinforced concrete tower with a  high golden gilt steel construction on top of the tower, along with an observation terrace with a diameter of . Within the building, there are exhibition halls where important works of art representing Turkmenistan history are displayed.
The Monument of Independence sits on a total area of , surrounded by green landscaping that encompasses a cascaded pool and 27 heroic statues of Turkmen leaders, centered on a golden statue of Saparmurat Niyazov.

References

External links

Ashgabat Photo Gallery.

Category:Monuments and memorials in Turkmenistan
Category:Buildings and structures in Ashgabat
Category:Tourist attractions in Ashgabat


McLoud High School

McLoud High School is a public secondary school located in Pottawatomie County in the town of McLoud, Oklahoma. It instructs grades 9-12. It is a part of the McLoud Public School District, which also includes McLoud Elementary School and McLoud Junior High.

McLoud High School currently has 621 students enrolled, giving it a student to teacher ratio of 36:1. Its mascot is the Redskins and its school colors are red, black, and white.

See also
Native American mascot controversy
Sports teams named Redskins

References

Category:Educational institutions with year of establishment missing
Category:Public high schools in Oklahoma
Category:Schools in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma


Loren Horsley

Loren Horsley is a New Zealand-born actress and writer. Horsley is perhaps best known for her role as Lily in the 2007 film Eagle vs Shark directed by her then-partner, Taika Waititi.

Horsley is involved with supporting the One Percent Collective run by Pat Shepherd Loren doing voiceovers, casting, and acting in its promotional videos. The One Percent Collective supports small New Zealand charities. Two of these charities, Kaibosh and Amped4life, are described as being close to Horsley's heart. Kaibosh is a Wellington-based charity that collects surplus food from retailers and redistributes it amongst local charities, who then give the food to people in need. Amped4Life works directly with schools, industry and the community to tackle the underlying causes of drug and alcohol abuse.

Awards and nominations
 2003 New Zealand Film and TV Awards - nominated for Best Screenplay with Grant Lahood, Jason Whyte, Gantiane Lupi, and Genevieve McClean for Kombi Nation
 2007 Newport International Film Festival (United States) - jury award for Best Actress - Eagle vs Shark

Plays and films
Existence (2012)
Dancing in the Sky (2011)
Diagnosis: Death (2009)
The Handover (2008)
Eagle vs Shark (2007) – Lily
Lovely Rita (2007)
Bad Dates (2005)
Heinous Crime (2004) – Lawyer, Jury member, Debbie
The Insiders Guide to Happiness (2004) (TV) – Olive
Kombi Nation (2003) – Liz
The Strip (2002-2003)
Atlantis High (2001) (TV) – Sabrina Georgia
Xena: Warrior Princess (2000) (TV) – Sieglinda
Young Hercules (1998) (TV) – Cleo

References

External links

Interview with Loren Horsley and Taika Waititi
Interview with Taika Waititi and Loren Horsley

Category:New Zealand film actresses
Category:New Zealand television actresses
Category:Living people
Category:1977 births


Styela

Styela is a genus of tunicates. Styela clava, an edible species, is known as an invasive species in some areas.

Species include:

 Styela adriatica F. & C. Monniot, 1976
 Styela aequatorialis Michaelsen, 1915
 Styela angularis (Stimpson, 1855)
 Styela aomori Oka, 1935
 Styela argillacea Sluiter, 1900
 Styela asterogama Millar, 1975
 Styela bathybia Bonnevie, 1896
 Styela brevigaster Millar, 1988
 Styela calva Monniot C., Monniot F. & Millar, 1976
 Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela chaini Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1970
 Styela changa Monniot & Andrade, 1983
 Styela charcoti Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1973
 Styela clava Herdman, 1881
 Styela clavata (Pallas, 1774)
 Styela complexa Kott, 1995
 Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela crinita Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1973
 Styela eurygaster Millar, 1977
 Styela gagetyleri Young & Vazquez, 1997
 Styela gelatinosa (Traustedt, 1886)
 Styela gibbsii Stimpson, 1864
 Styela glans Herdman, 1881
 Styela glebosa Sluiter, 1904
 Styela hadalis Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2006
 Styela herdmani Sluiter, 1885
 Styela izuana (Oka, 1934)
 Styela kottae Monniot & Monniot, 1991
 Styela loculosa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1969
 Styela longiducta Monniot & Monniot, 1985
 Styela longipedata Tokioka, 1953
 Styela longitubis Traustedt & Weltner, 1894
 Styela macrenteron Ritter, 1913
 Styela maeandria Sluiter, 1904
 Styela magalhaensis Michaelsen, 1898
 Styela mallei Monniot, 1978
 Styela materna Monniot & Monniot, 1983
 Styela meteoris Monniot, 2002
 Styela minima Monniot, 1971
 Styela monogamica Oka, 1935
 Styela montereyensis (Dall, 1872)
 Styela multitentaculata Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2006
 Styela natalis Hartmeyer, 1905
 Styela ordinaria Monniot & Monniot, 1985
 Styela paessleri (Michaelsen, 1898)
 Styela perforata Sluiter, 1890
 Styela pfefferi Michaelsen, 1898
 Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823)
 Styela polypes Monniot, Monniot & Millar, 1976
 Styela profunda Sluiter, 1904
 Styela psammodes Sluiter, 1904
 Styela psoliformis Monniot & Monniot, 1989
 Styela rustica Linnaeus, 1767
 Styela schmitti Van Name, 1945
 Styela sericata Herdman, 1888
 Styela sigma Hartmeyer, 1912
 Styela similis Monniot C., 1970
 Styela squamosa Herdman, 1881
 Styela subpinguis Herdman, 1923
 Styela suluensis Monniot & Monniot, 2003
 Styela talpina Monniot, 1978
 Styela tenuibranchia Monniot, Monniot & Millar, 1976
 Styela tesseris Lambert, 1993
 Styela thalassae Monniot C., 1969
 Styela theeli ƒrnb‰ck, 1922
 Styela tholiformis (Sluiter, 1912)
 Styela tokiokai Nishikawa, 1991
 Styela truncata Ritter, 1901
 Styela uniplicata Bonnevie, 1896
 Styela wandeli (Sluiter, 1911)
 Styela yakutatensis Ritter, 1901

Species names currently considered to be synonyms:

 Styela aggregata Traustedt, 1880: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela albomarginata Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa obscura Heller, 1878
 Styela ambonensis Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa ambonensis (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela anguinea Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa anguinea (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela apalina Alder & Hancock, 1907: synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela appropinquata Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa appropinquata (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela arctica Swederus, 1887: synonym of Dendrodoa aggregata M¸ller, 1776
 Styela areolata Heller, 1878: synonym of Cnemidocarpa areolata (Heller, 1878)
 Styela argentata Sluiter, 1890: synonym of Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela armata Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage, 1892: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela ascidioides Herdman, 1906: synonym of Polycarpa olitoria (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela asiphonica Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa insulsa (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela asymmetra (Hartmeyer, 1912): synonym of Asterocarpa humilis (Heller, 1878)
 Styela atlantica (Van Name, 1912): synonym of Styela sigma Hartmeyer, 1912
 Styela aurata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834): synonym of Polycarpa aurata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
 Styela aurita Sluiter, 1890: synonym of Polycarpa aurita (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela barbaris Kott, 1952: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela barnharti Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of Styela clava Herdman, 1881
 Styela bathyphila (Millar, 1955): synonym of Cnemidocarpa bathyphila Millar, 1955
 Styela bermudensis Van Name, 1902: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela bicolor (Sluiter, 1887): synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela bicornuta Sluiter, 1900: synonym of Cnemidocarpa bicornuta (Sluiter, 1900)
 Styela biforis Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa biforis (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela brevipedunculata Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa spongiabilis Traustedt, 1883
 Styela bythia Herdman, 1881: synonym of Cnemidocarpa bythia (Herdman, 1881)
 Styela canopoides Heller, 1877: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela captiosa Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885
 Styela cartilaginea Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa cartilaginea (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela cerea Sluiter, 1900: synonym of Asterocarpa humilis (Heller, 1878)
 Styela circumarata Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa aurita (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela clara Hartmeyer, 1906: synonym of Cnemidocarpa clara (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela coerulea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834): synonym of Asterocarpa coerulea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
 Styela comata (Alder, 1863): synonym of Polycarpa comata (Alder, 1863)
 Styela conica Swederus, 1887: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela contecta Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa contecta (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela convexa Herdman, 1881: synonym of Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911)
 Styela costata (Hartmeyer, 1911): synonym of Styela angularis (Stimpson, 1855)
 Styela cryptocarpa Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Polycarpa obscura Heller, 1878
 Styela curtzei Michaelsen, 1900: synonym of Cnemidocarpa nordenskjˆldi (Michaelsen, 1898)
 Styela cylindrica Bonnevie, 1896: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela cylindriformis Bonnevie, 1896: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela depressa Alder & Hancock, 1907: synonym of Polycarpa tenera Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage, 1892
 Styela doliolum Bjerkan, 1905: synonym of Styela gelatinosa (Traustedt, 1886)
 Styela drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911): synonym of Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911)
 Styela elata (Heller, 1878): synonym of Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885
 Styela elsa Hartmeyer, 1906: synonym of Cnemidocarpa clara (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela esther Hartmeyer, 1906: synonym of Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela etheridgii Herdman, 1899: synonym of Cnemidocarpa radicosa (Herdman, 1882)
 Styela fertilis Hartmeyer, 1906: synonym of Cnemidocarpa fertilis (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela fibrillata Alder & Hancock, 1907: synonym of Polycarpa comata (Alder, 1863)
 Styela finmarkiensis (Kiaer, 1893): synonym of Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis (Kiaer, 1893)
 Styela flava Herdman, 1881: synonym of Styela squamosa Herdman, 1881
 Styela flexibilis Sluiter, 1905: synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela floccosa Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Cnemidocarpa floccosa (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela friabilis Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa spongiabilis Traustedt, 1883
 Styela fuliginea Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa spongiabilis Traustedt, 1883
 Styela gracilocarpa Millar, 1982: synonym of Styela squamosa Herdman, 1881
 Styela grahami Sluiter, 1905: synonym of Dicarpa insinuosa (Sluiter, 1912)
 Styela grandis Herdman, 1881: synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela granulata (Alder, 1863): synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela greeleyi (Ritter, 1899): synonym of Styela clavata (Pallas, 1774)
 Styela grossularia (Beneden, 1846): synonym of Dendrodoa grossularia (Van Beneden, 1846)
 Styela gyrosa Heller, 1877: synonym of Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823)
 Styela hemicaespitosa Ritter, 1913: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela humilis Heller, 1878: synonym of Asterocarpa humilis (Heller, 1878)
 Styela hupferi (Michaelsen, 1904): synonym of Distomus hupferi (Michaelsen, 1904)
 Styela incubita Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Cnemidocarpa incubita (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela informis Forbes, 1848: synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela insinuosa (Sluiter, 1912): synonym of Dicarpa insinuosa (Sluiter, 1912)
 Styela insulsa Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa insulsa (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela irene Hartmeyer, 1906: synonym of Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela irma (Hartmeyer, 1927): synonym of Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela joannae Herdman, 1898: synonym of Cnemidocarpa clara (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela kroboja Oka, 1906: synonym of Polycarpa obscura Heller, 1878
 Styela lactea Herdman, 1881: synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela lapidosa (Herdman, 1891): synonym of Polyandrocarpa lapidosa (Herdman, 1891)
 Styela lineata Traustedt, 1880: synonym of Dendrodoa lineata (Traustedt, 1880)
 Styela lobata Kott, 1952: synonym of Cnemidocarpa lobata (Kott, 1952)
 Styela longata Kott, 1954: synonym of Cnemidocarpa longata (Kott, 1954)
 Styela loveni (Sars, 1851): synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela lovenii (Sars, 1851): synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela macrogastra Oka, 1935: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela maculata Sanamyan, 1992: synonym of Styela squamosa Herdman, 1881
 Styela maendria Sluiter, 1904_: synonym of Styela maendria Sluiter, 1904
 Styela maendria Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Styela maeandria Sluiter, 1904
 Styela mammiculata Carlisle, 1954: synonym of Styela clava Herdman, 1881
 Styela maroccana Sluiter, 1927: synonym of Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela marquesana Michaelsen, 1918: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela melincae ƒrnb‰ck, 1929: synonym of Styela magalhaensis Michaelsen, 1898
 Styela milleri Ritter, 1907: synonym of Styela squamosa Herdman, 1881
 Styela miniata Sluiter, 1905: synonym of Eusynstyela miniata (Sluiter, 1905)
 Styela mollis (Stimpson, 1852): synonym of Cnemidocarpa mollis (Stimpson, 1852)
 Styela monoceros (Moeller, 1842): synonym of Styela rustica Linnaeus, 1767
 Styela natalensis Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa natalensis (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela nidrosiensis ƒrnb‰ck, 1926: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela nisiotis Sluiter, 1900: synonym of Cnemidocarpa nisiotis (Sluiter, 1900)
 Styela nivosa Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa anguinea (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela nordenskjˆldi Michaelsen, 1898: synonym of Cnemidocarpa nordenskjˆldi (Michaelsen, 1898)
 Styela northumbrica Alder & Hancock, 1907: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela nutrix Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela oblonga Herdman, 1881: synonym of Styela squamosa Herdman, 1881
 Styela obscura Alder & Hancock, 1907: synonym of Polycarpa tenera Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage, 1892
 Styela obtecta (Traustedt, 1883): synonym of Polycarpa spongiabilis Traustedt, 1883
 Styela ohlini Michaelsen, 1898: synonym of Cnemidocarpa ohlini (Michaelsen, 1898)
 Styela oligocarpa Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Cnemidocarpa oligocarpa (Sluiter, 1885)
 Styela olitoria Sluiter, 1890: synonym of Polycarpa olitoria (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela opalina Alder, 1863: synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela orbicularis Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela palinorsa Sluiter, 1895: synonym of Polycarpa palinorsa (Sluiter, 1895)
 Styela papillata Kott, 1954: synonym of Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885
 Styela papillata Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885
 Styela partita (Stimpson, 1852): synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela partito (Stimpson, 1852): synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela patens Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Polycarpa patens (Sluiter, 1885)
 Styela pavementis Kott, 1952: synonym of Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906)
 Styela pedata (Herdman, 1881): synonym of Cnemidocarpa pedata (Herdman, 1881)
 Styela personata Herdman, 1899: synonym of Cnemidocarpa personata (Herdman, 1899)
 Styela phaula Sluiter, 1895: synonym of Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885
 Styela pigmentata Herdman, 1906: synonym of Polycarpa pigmentata (Herdman, 1906)
 Styela pinguis Herdman, 1899: synonym of Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823)
 Styela plata Oka, 1930: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela pneumonodes Sluiter, 1895: synonym of Polycarpa aurata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
 Styela procera Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Polycarpa procera (Sluiter, 1885)
 Styela prolifera Sluiter, 1905: synonym of Stolonica prolifera Sluiter, 1905
 Styela psoloessa Sluiter, 1890: synonym of Polycarpa aurata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
 Styela pupa Heller, 1878: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela pustulosa Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa pustulosa (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela quadrangularis Forbes, 1848: synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela quadrata (Herdman, 1882): synonym of Polycarpa quadrata Herdman, 1881
 Styela quidni (Sluiter, 1912): synonym of Styela wandeli (Sluiter, 1911)
 Styela radicata Millar, 1962: synonym of Cnemidocarpa radicata (Millar, 1962)
 Styela radicosa Herdman, 1882: synonym of Cnemidocarpa radicosa (Herdman, 1882)
 Styela ramificata Kott, 1952: synonym of Polycarpa aurita (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela rectangularis Kott, 1952: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela reducta Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Stolonica reducta (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela reniformis Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela rhizopus Redikorzev, 1907: synonym of Cnemidocarpa rhizopus (Redikorzev, 1907)
 Styela robusta Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa aurita (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela rotunda Herdman, 1910: synonym of Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911)
 Styela rubida Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa rubida (Sluiter, 1898)
 Styela rubra (Fewkes, 1889): synonym of Styela montereyensis (Dall, 1872)
 Styela sabulifera Ritter, 1913: synonym of Cnemidocarpa rhizopus (Redikorzev, 1907)
 Styela salebrosa Beniaminson, 1971: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
 Styela sedata Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Cnemidocarpa sedata (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela seminuda Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Polycarpa spongiabilis Traustedt, 1883
 Styela serpentina (Sluiter, 1912): synonym of Cnemidocarpa pfefferi (Michaelsen, 1898)
 Styela sobria Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa sobria (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela solvens Sluiter, 1895: synonym of Polycarpa olitoria (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela spectabilis Herdman, 1910: synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela spiralis Sluiter, 1885: synonym of Polycarpa spiralis (Sluiter, 1885)
 Styela spirifera (Herdman, 1899): synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela steineni Michaelsen, 1898: synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela stephensoni Michaelsen, 1934: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela stimpsoni Ritter, 1900: synonym of Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis (Kiaer, 1893)
 Styela stolonifera Herdman, 1899: synonym of Cnemidocarpa stolonifera (Herdman, 1899)
 Styela sulcatula (Alder, 1863): synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela thelyphanes Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Polycarpa thelyphanes (Sluiter, 1904)
 Styela tinaktae Van Name, 1918: synonym of Cnemidocarpa tinaktae (Van Name, 1918)
 Styela traustedti Sluiter, 1890: synonym of Cnemidocarpa traustedti (Sluiter, 1890)
 Styela tuberosa (MacGillivray, 1844): synonym of Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela variabilis Hancock, 1868: synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
 Styela verrucosa (Lesson, 1830): synonym of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Lesson, 1830)
 Styela vestita (Alder, 1860): synonym of Cnemidocarpa mollis (Stimpson, 1852)
 Styela violacea (Alder, 1863): synonym of Polycarpa violacea (Alder, 1863)
 Styela whiteleggei (Herdman, 1899): synonym of Cnemidocarpa pedata (Herdman, 1881)
 Styela whiteleggii Herdman, 1899: synonym of Cnemidocarpa pedata (Herdman, 1881)

References

Category:Stolidobranchia
Category:Tunicate genera


Umizaru (film)

is a 2004 action film directed by Eiichiro Hasumi. It is the first feature-length film of the Umizaru projects, preceding the 2005 11-episode Fuji Television and Kyodo Television drama series Umizaru Evolution and the 2006 film Limit of Love: Umizaru. The film is the first of the 3-part film and television project. The project is adapted from the popular 12 Shogakukan manga books Umizaru written by  and illustrated by Shūhō Satō from 1998 to 2001. The film stars Hideaki Itō as Japan Coast Guard (JCG) rescue diver Senzaki Daisuke, and Kato Ai as his love interest Izawa Kanna.

There are also NHK dramas Umizaru (2002) and Umizaru 2 (2003).

Umizaru means "Sea Monkey"; this is a derogatory label slapped on the rescue diver trainees by local townsfolk of the city of Kure due to their excessive and uninhibited behaviour during off hours.

Journey's "Open Arms" was used in the film as the theme song.

The 2006 movie The Guardian was based on this movie.

Cast

External links
Official site

Category:2004 films
Category:2000s action drama films
Category:Japanese films
Category:Japanese-language films
Category:Live-action films based on manga
Category:Films set in Kure
Category:Films shot in Kure
Category:Films directed by Eiichirō Hasumi
Category:Umizaru


Hey (band)

Hey is a Polish rock band founded in Szczecin in 1991 by guitarist Piotr Banach and lead singer Kasia Nosowska. It is one of the most popular Polish music acts of the 1990s.

Although Hey sometimes described themselves as the first Polish grunge band, their melodic, guitar-driven rock and eclectic appearance owed more to new wave and heavy metal influences; their first three albums contained songs in both Polish and English. During the band's mid-1990s heyday, they sold out stadiums throughout Poland, and attempted to break into the English-language market with a series of concerts overseas and an English version of their 1995 album ?. When this failed to arouse interest, the band began to write in Polish only, and gradually adopted a harder-edged, more industrial-influenced sound. Overall, the band has sold over 2.2 million album copies.

In addition, Nosowska has also enjoyed a successful career as a solo artist. She has released six solo albums that derive more from an electronica style.

Personnel

Current line-up
 Kasia Nosowska (vocals)
 Paweł Krawczyk (guitar)
 Marcin Żabiełowicz (guitar)
 Robert Ligiewicz (drums, percussion)
 Jacek Chrzanowski (bass guitar)
 Marcin Macuk (keyboards)

Former members
 Piotr Banach (guitar) (1992-1999)
 Marcin Macuk (bass guitar) (1992)

Discography

Studio albums

Remix albums

Extended plays

Live albums

Video albums

References

External links

 Official website
 Myspace page
 Facebook page
 Twitter page

Category:Polish rock music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1992


MedMal Direct Insurance Company

MedMal Direct Insurance Company (MedMal Direct) is a direct-write medical malpractice insurance company headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. MedMal Direct Insurance does not use independent brokers, but rather sells insurance coverage through its website, sales representatives, and direct marketing.  The company provides medical professional liability insurance, regulatory compliance protection, and cyber-liability coverage directly to healthcare providers and healthcare facilities.

The company enables physician practices in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas and Virginia to realize significant savings on one of their largest expenses – medical professional liability insurance premiums. A.M. Best has downgraded the Financial Strength Rating to B- (Fair) from B++ (Good) and the Long-Term Issuer Credit Rating to “bb-” from “bbb” of MedMal Direct Insurance Company (MedMal Direct) (Jacksonville, FL). The outlook of these Credit Ratings (ratings) has been revised to negative from stable. Concurrently, A.M. Best has withdrawn the ratings as the company has requested to no longer participate in A.M. Best's interactive rating process.. The company was backed by Liberty Mutual Insurance Company until 2018 but that relationship was terminated; today the company is backed by a panel of A.M. Best A (Excellent) and A+ (Superior) rated international reinsurers with $230 billion in assets. However, these reinsurance relationships do not in any way guarantee the solvency of the company.

Management Team
 P. Butler Ball, Chief Executive Officer & President
 Timothy R. Bone, Chief Claims Officer

External links

Category:Laura Street
Category:Insurance companies based in Florida
Category:Financial services companies based in Jacksonville, Florida
Category:Liberty Mutual


1988 in Taiwan

Events from the year 1988 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 77 according to the official Republic of China calendar.

Incumbents
 President – Chiang Ching-kuo, Lee Teng-hui
 Vice President – Lee Teng-hui
 Premier – Yu Kuo-hwa
 Vice Premier – Lien Chan, Shih Chi-yang

Events

June
 12 June – The opening of National Cheng Kung University Hospital in North District, Tainan City.
 26 June – The opening of National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts in West District, Taichung City.

August
 11 August – The establishment of Federation of Medical Students-Taiwan.

Births
 19 March – Lin Tzu-chi, taekwondo player
 11 April – Yako Chan, singer and actress
 19 May – Lin Fei-fan, activist
 12 June – Nieh Pin-chieh, swimmer
 16 June – Lyan Cheng, actress, model and singer
 30 June – Puff Kuo, model, actress and singer
 26 July – Cheng Kai-wen, baseball player
 29 July – Huang Peijia, actress
 2 August – Nick Chou, actor and singer
 11 August – Chen Po-liang, captain of Chinese Taipei national football team
 3 September – Chang Chin-lan, actress
 17 November – Joanne Tseng, singer and television host
 22 November – Lorene Ren, artist
 16 December – Lin Chen-hua, baseball player
 28 December – Lo Chih-en, football player

Deaths
 13 January – Chiang Ching-kuo, President (1978–1988).

References

Category:1988 in Taiwan
Category:Years of the 20th century in Taiwan


Kopp's Frozen Custard

Kopp's Frozen Custard is a restaurant chain located in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin area. It specializes in frozen custard and large "jumbo" hamburgers. Founded by Elsa Kopp in 1950, the restaurants continue to be heralded by local publications for their quality food. They have locations in three Milwaukee suburbs.

Kopp's was the first custard stand to offer a special "flavor of the day" in addition to the more traditional chocolate and vanilla flavors.

History

Founding
Elsa Kopp opened the first Kopp's stand at 6005 W. Appleton Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin (now the site of Junior's Frozen Custard) in 1950. A German immigrant with no prior business experience, Kopp started the stand after her husband, Karl Kopp, developed Parkinson's disease. Some support in starting the business came from Leon Schneider, a custard machine repairman (the founder of Leon's Frozen Custard in 1942), whom Elsa Kopp had met while working at a bakery.

The Kopp's frozen custard stand rose in popularity quickly during the 1950s and was soon seen as a Milwaukee staple. By 1960 the Kopp's stand was successful enough that Elsa felt comfortable experimenting with more exotic frozen custard recipes.  Initially she mixed chocolate and vanilla, a controversial act in the early frozen custard community.  After this, Kopp's began offering increasingly diverse concoctions which became their well known "flavor of the day" menu option. Kopp's offers two unique flavors every day and a featured shake and sundae of the month. The featured flavors are often related to events for that day or month.

The Glendale location (5373 N. Port Washington Ave.) is on the site of the former Milky Way drive-in restaurant, the inspiration for the external look of the Happy Days diner, Arnold's Drive-In.

Kopp's is now owned by Elsa's son, Karl Kopp, who also owns Elsa's on the Park on Jefferson St. in downtown Milwaukee which opened New Year's Eve of 1980.  He has also opened restaurants in Arizona and New York. Each location prominently displays a portrait of Elsa Kopp.

In September 2004, Vice President Dick Cheney made an unannounced visit to a Kopp's Frozen Custard location while campaigning for his and George W. Bush's reelection.

Joe Biden visit
In June 2010, Vice President Joe Biden visited a Kopp's Frozen Custard location while campaigning for Democratic Senator Russ Feingold. Biden asked the manager of Kopp's what he owed for his custard. In response, the manager stated "Don’t worry, it’s on the house. Lower our taxes and we’ll call it even." In response, Biden came back later to the manager and said, "Why don’t you say something nice instead of being a smartass all the time?" The story was covered by both local and national news agencies.

See also
 List of frozen custard companies

References

Further reading

External links

Category:Companies based in Milwaukee
Category:Restaurants in Wisconsin
Category:Privately held companies based in Wisconsin
Category:Restaurants established in 1950
Category:Frozen custard
Category:Ice cream parlors
Category:1950 establishments in Wisconsin


Stickfigure Records

Stickfigure Records is an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia.
It was created in the winter of 1992 to cater to the underground scene of independent music.

Stickfigure Releases
Airoes "my zipper got stuck" CD
Blame Game "anthology" CD;
Blame Game "Honey & Salt" CD
The Blessed "again, with hate" 7"
Camaro Crotch "triple picture disc discography"
Coulier "cool, cooler, coulier!" CD
Coulier "call and response" 7"
Dawnbreed- Luxus 7"
Death Of Marat - All Eyes Open CD
Deerhunter Turn It Up Faggot LP/CD
Electrosleep International "anthology volume 1" CD
eNTERTAINME.nt "safe at one" 7"
eNTERTAINME.nt - Gender
Feeding Fingers- Wound in Wall
Feeding Fingers- Baby Teeth
Femme Fatality "One's Not Enough" CD
Femme Fatality - Pretty Mess 7'
Femme Fatality -"That's It, That's It" CD
Graboids - Infinite Delay CD
I Would Set Myself on Fire for You s/t CD
I Would Set Myself on Fire for You- ...Believes In Patterns CD
Me and him call it us "loss"
Milemarker - Changing Caring Humans CD
Milemarker - Futurisms LP/CD
nerdkween Synergy CD
One Hand Loves The Other "One Hand Loves The Other" CD
One Hand Loves The Other "One Hand Loves The Remix" CD
The Paper Chase and Xiu Xiu "cover nick cave" split 7"
The Party of Helicopters - Abracadaver CD
Thoroughbred "s/t" 7"
Portrait s/t 7"
Retconned- Simulant Skin Included CD
Spiritworld "soul...sold it" 7"
Snowden "black eyes" 7"
Warning Light - Further On CD
Warning Light - Wild Silver CD
.you. "i am you" CD

References

External links
Stickfigure Records Official Website

Category:American independent record labels


Azé

Azé is the name of the following communes in France:

 Azé, Loir-et-Cher, in the Loir-et-Cher department
 Azé, Mayenne, in the Mayenne department
 Azé, Saône-et-Loire, in the Saône-et-Loire department

See also
 Aze (disambiguation)
 Azay (disambiguation)


1967–68 Midland Football League

The 1967–68 Midland Football League was the 68th in the history of the Midland Football League, a football competition in England.

League table

References

Category:1967–68 in English football leagues
Category:Midland Football League (1889)


Greyout

A greyout (US English grayout) is a transient loss of vision characterized by a perceived dimming of light and color, sometimes accompanied by a loss of peripheral vision. It is a precursor to fainting or a blackout and is caused by hypoxia (low brain oxygen level), often due to a loss of blood pressure.

Greyouts have a variety of possible causes:
 Shock, such as hypovolemia, even in mild form such as when drawing blood.
 Suddenly standing up (see orthostatic hypotension), especially if sick, hungover, or suffering from low blood pressure.
 Fatigue
 Paradoxically, hyperventilation: self-induced hypocapnia such as in the fainting game or in shallow water blackout.
 Overexertion
 Panic attack

Usually recovery is rapid and a greyout can be readily reversed by lying down. This way, the cardiovascular system does not need to work against gravity for blood to reach the brain.

A greyout may be experienced by aircraft pilots pulling high positive g-forces as when pulling up into a loop or a tight turn forcing blood to the lower extremities of the body and lowering blood pressure in the brain. This is the reverse of a redout, or a reddening of the vision, which is the result of negative g-forces caused by performing an outside loop, that is by pushing the nose of the aircraft down. Redouts are potentially dangerous and can cause retinal damage and hemorrhagic stroke. Pilots of high performance aircraft can increase their resistance to greyout by using a g-suit, which controls the pooling of blood in the lower limbs, but there is no suit yet capable of controlling a redout. In both cases symptoms may be remedied immediately by easing pressure on the flight controls. Continued, or heavy g-force will rapidly progress to g-LOC (g-force induced Loss of Consciousness).

Surprisingly, even during a heavy greyout, where the visual system is severely impaired, pilots can still hear, feel, and speak. Complete greyout and loss of consciousness are separate events.

Another common occurrence of greyouts is in roller coaster riders. Many roller coasters put riders through positive g-forces, particularly in vertical loops and helices. Roller coasters rarely have high enough negative g-forces to induce redouts, as most low-g elements are designed to simulate weightlessness.

See also
Eigengrau
Phosphene
Presyncope

Notes

Category:Visual system
Category:Human eye


Trevor Leo

Trevor John Leo (born 1936) is a former Australian rules footballer from Tasmania who played during the 1950s and 1960s and was chosen at state representative level.

Rover Trevor Leo came to Hobart from Cooee where he was a Best and fairest winner.

He made his Hobart debut in 1954 and was a member of their premiership side that year as well as in 1959 and 1960. His greatest individual achievement as a player was winning the William Leitch Medal in 1957 and he also won two Best and fairests while at Hobart.

In 1962 he was captain-coach of Launceston.

Leo joined New Norfolk in 1963 and was immediately appointed their captain-coach. In 1968 he steered the club to their inaugural TANFL/TFL premiership and also the Tasmanian State Premiership. He retired as a player following his 1968 triumphs but stayed on as coach for one more year. In 1974 he returned to Hobart where he was coach for the season.

On 18 occasions during his career he represented Tasmania at interstate football, including the 1956, 1958  and 1961 carnivals. He was Tasmania's coach at the 1966 Hobart and 1969 Adelaide Carnivals.

After his retirement from the game, Leo spent a few years as a member of the local ABC-TV football panel.

Trevor Leo was inducted into the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame in 2005.

References

Category:1936 births
Category:Cooee Football Club players
Category:Hobart Football Club players
Category:Hobart Football Club coaches
Category:Launceston Football Club players
Category:New Norfolk Football Club players
Category:New Norfolk Football Club coaches
Category:William Leitch Medal winners
Category:Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Category:Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Category:Launceston Football Club coaches
Category:Living people


Ginger Wildheart

Ginger Wildheart (born David Leslie Walls, 17 December 1964 in South Shields, England), sometimes known simply as Ginger, is an English rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career as a guitarist in The Quireboys, but is best known as the founder and leader of The Wildhearts. In addition, he has released numerous solo albums and has been involved in many other musical projects.

Career

Early career
Ginger played in many bands including South Shields band The Cups and Beki Bondage's band The Bombshells. He was a member of the English band The Quireboys from 1987 until 1989. After being sacked from The Quireboys, he was briefly in the New York band The Throbs, before going on to form The Wildhearts. He has led several incarnations of The Wildhearts since 1989.

Side projects
In addition to leading The Wildhearts and maintaining a solo career under his own name, Ginger has participated in numerous side projects and collaborations:

Super$hit 666, with Dregen of Backyard Babies and Nicke Andersson of The Hellacopters, releasing the EP Super$hit 666 (1999).
Clam Abuse, with Alex Kane, releasing Stop Thinking (1999).
Silver Ginger 5, releasing Black Leather Mojo (2000). This album was originally intended as Ginger's first solo album, but was released under the name Silver Ginger 5. A short-lived band of that name was formed to perform the album live.
Brides of Destruction: Ginger was briefly a member of this supergroup in 2005 but did not play on any recordings. He co-wrote some songs for the band's album Runaway Brides and played guitar for part of a tour, but then left the band due to an inability to make a full commitment.
Ginger & the Sonic Circus, a short-lived collective formed in 2005 for live appearances; various members performed on the Ginger solo album Valor Del Corazon.
Howling Willie Cunt, releasing World of Filth (2006). Ginger for many years refused to confirm that he was Howling Willie, instead insisting that this was another person who was signed to Ginger's record label, Round Records. Ginger later admitted that he was in fact Howling Willie.
In 2010-2011, Ginger joined the backing band for former Hanoi Rocks lead singer Michael Monroe. He appeared on Monroe's live album Another Night in the Sun: Live in Helsinki and the studio album Sensory Overdrive, which reached  #1 on Finnish albums chart and #13 on the UK rock albums chart.
Hey! Hello!, a classic rock-oriented project with singer Victoria Liedtke. Ginger played all instruments for this project, including drums for the first time. This project gained robust media notice, with articles in The Metro and BBC Radio 1's Newsbeat. The album Hey! Hello! reached Number 37 in the UK album charts and Number 1 in the UK rock charts in 2013. This project was revived in 2015, with Liedtke being replaced by singer Hollis Mahady. The album Hey! Hello! Too! was released in 2016.
Mutation, and industrial/noise project formed in 2012 with Mark E. Smith and members of Napalm Death, Exit International, The Sisters Of Mercy, Hawkeyes, and the Cardiacs. This group simultaneously released the albums The Frankenstein Effect and Error 500.

Solo career
In early 2001, during The Wildhearts' first disbandment, Ginger proposed a series of CD singles with three tracks each, to be released each month for one year. Known as The Singles Club, this project included the first material released under the name Ginger and operated parallel to the Silver Ginger 5 project and a reformation of The Wildhearts. Due to financial problems at Infernal Records, only 18 tracks were recorded, and only five singles were released. A compilation of all 18 tracks was released in 2005 as the double album A Break In The Weather. Ginger also performed regular acoustic shows during this period, resulting in the live acoustic albums The Great White Monkey (2004) and Potatoes & You (2005).

Ginger released the solo albums Valor Del Corazon in 2006 and Yoni in 2007. The latter was described by critics as the most calm and eclectic record Ginger had made to date. The album featured guest appearances by Bernie Torme and Toadies singer Vaden Todd Lewis. In mid-2007, Ginger guested as the vocalist for The Scorchers in place of his hero Jason Ringenberg, billed as "Ginger and The Scorchers" on a few dates in the UK. Ginger's third solo album, Market Harbour, was released in 2008.

In March 2009 Ginger began writing a regular online column for Classic Rock Magazine titled "Ginger's Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll", in which he discusses lesser-known albums. In May 2009 Ginger embarked on his first purely solo tour in which no Wildhearts songs were performed. The tour received rave reviews, including one from writer Steve Beebee in Kerrang! magazine. Ginger created an internet TV channel called "Great White Monkey TV" featuring tour footage and backstage video from every show on this tour. Ginger was the penultimate act at the Kerrang!-sponsored Camden Rocks festival at the Underworld in London on 6 June 2009. Ginger's performance was considered by Kerrang! Magazine to be the highlight of the day and received a review of 5 out of 5. Also in 2009, Ginger formed the supergroup Camp Freddy for a one-off show in Las Vegas with special guests including Corey Taylor, Duff Mckagan, Matt Sorum, Billy Morrison, Chris Chaney, Dave Navarro, Steve Jones, John 5, and Ozzy Osbourne.

On 10 October 2010, Ginger released 10, a compilation of tracks from his solo career, as a 16-track CD on Round Records. The album is a retrospective of his solo work (including Silver Ginger 5) since 2000, along with two previously unreleased tracks. A second collection called 10 (Two) was also released as a free 10-track download.

For his next solo project in 2011, Ginger decided to avoid standard record company distribution and explore crowdfunding options. He launched the ambitious "Triple Album Project" via Pledgemusic, announcing a plan to record a 30-song triple album comprising hitherto unfinished and unrecorded material dating back to 2007. The campaign met with immediate success, hitting 100% of its funding total goal within six hours of launch. Hard copies of the full album, consisting of 3 CDs in a hardbound case, were offered only to contributors, and those contributors were invited to participate in a poll to select their favorite tracks. The top 12 songs selected in this fashion would be released as a standard single CD for the public via typical retail channels.

As the pledges continued to come in, Ginger announced in February 2012 that the title of the triple album would be 555% and that when the pledge total hit that percentage of the original funding goal, the 3-CD hard copy of the album would become unavailable, though contributors would still have access to all 30 tracks via download. Furthermore, the publicly-released single CD would be titled 100%. The 555% funding goal was reached three days later. Despite Pledgemusic's policy of not revealing funding amounts, Ginger announced that the campaign for the 555% / 100% album generated over a quarter of a million dollars. The 100% physical CD release reached number 9 in the midweek UK album chart and sold out its print run, ultimately charting at number 27 on the official UK albums chart.

The success of the crowdfunding project for the 555% / 100% album inspired Ginger to continue this model. Over the course of 2012 and 2013 he released one album with Hey! Hello!, two with Mutation, and the solo album Albion, all of which were also funded by contributions via Pledgemusic.

In 2014 Ginger briefly broke away from the crowdfunding model and set up a modern online version of an old-style fan club. A subscription to the Ginger Associated Secret Society (G-A-S-S) came with a guaranteed three brand new songs on the first day of every month. During this period Ginger also toured with the Courtney Love band, and she appeared in G-A-S-S song "Honour". In December 2014 Ginger announced another Pledgemusic campaign to jointly fund a new solo album and a biographical book. This Pledgemusic campaign quickly reached its funding goal, and 10% of all the money raised thereafter was donated to the charity Shelter. The album Year of the Fanclub, consisting of songs from the G-A-S-S project, was released in 2015, and the book on Ginger's life and music, titled Songs and Words, was released in early 2016.

Ginger's next crowdfunded project was the country-oriented album Ghost in the Tanglewood. The album was supported by an acoustic tour assisted by Jase Edwards. The album The Pessimist's Companion was released in early 2019 by the recently relaunched Round Records. His second solo album of 2019, Headzapoppin, will be released late in the year.

Solo discography

Albums

Studio albums
 Valor Del Corazon (2005) - #196 JPN
 Yoni (2007) - #184 UK, #230 JPN
 Market Harbour (2008) - #189 UK, #183 JPN
 100% / 555% (2012) - #27 UK, #164 JPN
 Albion (2013)
 Year of the Fanclub (2015) #95 UK
 Ghost In The Tanglewood (2018)
 G*A*S*S* MK II (2018)
 The Pessimist's Companion (2019)
 Headzapoppin (2019)

Live albums
Grievous Acoustic Behaviour (2001)
The Great White Monkey (2004; special edition 2009)
Potatoes & You (2005)
Live Begins at 40 (2005)
Kiss Alive II

Compilation albums
 A Break In The Weather (2005)
 10 (2010)

Singles
 "I'm A Lover, Not A Fighter" (2001) - #134 UK
 "Cars and Vaginas" (2001) - #139 UK
 "And This Time I'm Serious" (2002)
 "The Saga of Me & You" (2002) - #151 UK
 "Virtual Love" (2003) - #135 UK
 "Yeah Yeah Yeah" (2006)
 "Holiday" / "Casino Bay" (2007)
 "Clout EP" (2015)

Selected discography
This list attempts to bring together the major albums Ginger has released under various guises throughout his musical career and focuses on albums that contain original studio recorded material (i.e. not live recordings, greatest hits or various artists compilations).
 Mondo Akimbo a-Go-Go EP (1992) - The Wildhearts
 Don't Be Happy... Just Worry dbl EP/mini-album (1992) - The Wildhearts
 Earth Vs The Wildhearts (1993) - The Wildhearts
 P.H.U.Q. (1995) - The Wildhearts
 Fishing For Luckies (1996) - The Wildhearts
 Endless Nameless (1997) - The Wildhearts
 Super$hit 666 EP (1999) - Super$hit 666
 Stop Thinking (1999) - Clam Abuse
 Black Leather Mojo (2000) - Silver Ginger 5
 Riff After Riff After Motherfucking Riff mini-album (2002) - The Wildhearts
 The Wildhearts Must Be Destroyed (2003) - The Wildhearts
 Coupled With (2004) - The Wildhearts
 World of Filth (2006) - Howling Willie Cunt
 The Wildhearts (2007) - The Wildhearts
 ¡Chutzpah! (2009) - The Wildhearts
 ¡Chutzpah! Jnr. mini-album (2009) - The Wildhearts
 The Frankenstein Effect/Error 500 (2013) - Mutation
 Hey! Hello! (2013) - Hey! Hello! - #274 JPN / #37 UK
 Hey! Hello! - Too! (2016)
 Dark Black - Mutation (2017)
 Renaissance Men (2019) - The Wildhearts

Additional appearances
Devin Townsend - "Christeen" (Co-Writer)
Neil Leyton - Dead Fashion Brigade EP (guitar, arrangements, production)
Backyard Babies - "Brand New Hate" (Co-Writer) from the album Making Enemies Is Good
Brides of Destruction - "White Trash," "Never Say Never," "Tunnel Of Love", "Dimes in Heaven" (Co-Writer)
Sensory Overdrive (2011) - Michael Monroe (Co-Writer & Guitarist)
Halcyon Times (2010) - Jason & The Scorchers (Co-Writer - credited as David Walls)

References

External links
Ginger on Myspace - Official Myspace Page
Great White Monkey TV - Official Ginger TV Channel
Ginger and the Sonic Circus - Site covering Ginger's solo work
The Wildhearts - Official site for The Wildhearts

Category:1964 births
Category:Living people
Category:The Wildhearts members
Category:English male singers
Category:English rock guitarists
Category:English songwriters
Category:People from South Shields
Category:Brides of Destruction members
Category:The Quireboys members
Category:English male guitarists


100th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic

The 100th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic (or more commonly used Estonia 100) is an official government program for the celebration of the Republic of Estonia's 100th anniversary. The official birthday of the Republic of Estonian Republic is on February 24, 2018, the centennial will be marked from April 2017 to February 2020.

Historical background

On 12 February 1919, The Estonian Provisional Government decided to consider 24 February to be the date of the independence of Estonia from Russia which occurred when World War I was nearing its end. However, Estonia's independence came to a de facto end during World War II when the country was illegally occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany in 1941 and returned to Soviet rule in 1944 when it became the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. As a result, a government in exile was established.

As the political upheavals taking place throughout the Soviet Union in the 1980s, during the events of Baltic Way, Estonia declared sovereignty on its territory in 1988, which restored its de facto independence on 8 May 1990 and declared Soviet rule illegal. Following the aborted coup in Moscow, the country's full de facto independence was restored after the Soviet troops failed to seize the Tallinn TV Tower on 20 August 1991. The Soviet State Council recognized the Estonian independence on 6 September 1991. Since 2004, Estonia has been a member of NATO and the European Union.

Events
The birthday celebrations of the Republic of Estonia will take place over the next 3 years. The celebrations will kick off in April 2017 to mark a century since Estonia's administrative borders took their current form, will peak while events on various important dates take place throughout 2018 and 2019, and come to a grand close on 2 February 2020 when the 100th anniversary of the Tartu Peace Treaty will be honoured.

Centennial parade
A military parade on Freedom Square in Tallinn was held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. 1,100 troops and more than 100 pieces of military equipment took part in the parade. The parade was led by Gen. Riho Terras, President Kersti Kaljulaid was present to greet the different units.

All service branches of the Estonian Defence Forces took part in the parade as well as soldiers from countries from NATO and other military partners of Estonia. The foreign countries that were represented were Finland, France, Georgia, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, Ukraine, Britain, Denmark, and the United States.

See also
 90th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic
 Independence Day (Estonia)
 Public holidays in Estonia
 90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic
 100th anniversary of the Latvian Republic
 Centennial of the Restored State of Lithuania

References

External links
 Official website of the 100th Anniversary of Estonian Republic
 The full footage of the centennial military parade
 Official Youtube channel of the 100th Anniversary of Estonian Republic

Category:Estonian culture
Category:2017 in Estonia
Category:2018 in Estonia
Category:2019 in Estonia
Category:2020 in Estonia
Category:Events in Tallinn
Category:Centennial anniversaries
Category:Military parades
Category:Public holidays in Estonia


Married 2 America

Married 2 America is a 2012 Hindi-language drama film directed by Dilip Shankar featuring Jackie Shroff, Archana Joglekar, Anjali Malhotra, Shweta Tiwari, Raghuveer Yadav, Chetan Pandit in the lead roles. The film was released on 17 February 2012 to mixed reviews.

Summary
Looking into the causes of a dam burst, NRI architect cum engineer Ravi Malhotra goes missing in Bihar. His anxious wife Anjali travels to India in search of her husband. But her quest is fraught with danger.

Cast
 Jackie Shroff as  Pratap Singh
 Archana Joglekar as Anjali Malhotra
 Shweta Tiwari as Pratap Singh's Wife
 Raghuveer Yadav as  Raghu
 Chetan Pandit
 Ashok Samarth.... Vishnu
 Akhilendra Mishra
 Ganesh Yadav

Location
 Jabalpur
 Bargi Dam
 Bhedaghaat
 Narmada Ghaat
 City
 Bargi Forest
 Khandaari Dam
 JNKVV
 United States

Music

References

External links

 Married 2 America at the Bollywood Hungama

Category:2012 films
Category:Indian films
Category:2010s Hindi-language films
Category:Indian drama films
Category:Films set in Bihar
Category:2010s drama films


Peter Grant (footballer, born 1879)

Peter Gunn Grant (3 June 1879 – 10 December 1937) was a Scottish amateur football full back who played in the Scottish League for Motherwell, Hamilton Academical and Queen's Park.

Personal life
In 1917, three years into the First World War, Grant joined the French Army's Special Ambulance Service as a driver/mechanic. He was twice awarded the Croix de Guerre for "outstanding acts of bravery". Grant died in the Castlecary rail accident on 10 December 1937.

Career statistics

References

Category:1879 births
Category:Scottish footballers
Category:Scottish Football League players
Category:French military personnel killed in World War I
Category:Association football fullbacks
Category:Queen's Park F.C. players
Category:Motherwell F.C. players
Category:Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Category:1937 deaths
Category:Footballers from Glasgow
Category:Glasgow Perthshire F.C. players


Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States

The United States produced 5.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2018, the second largest in the world after China and among the worst countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person. Because  coal-fired power stations are gradually shutting down, in the 2010s emissions from  electricity generation fell to second place behind transportation, which is now the largest single source.

General
While the Bush administration opted against Kyoto-type policies to reduce emissions, the Obama administration and various state, local, and regional governments attempted to adopt some Kyoto Protocol goals on a local basis. For example, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), founded in 2007, is a state-level emissions capping and trading program by nine northeastern U.S. states.

The US.State Department offered a nation-level perspective in the Fourth US Climate Action Report (USCAR) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including measures to address climate change.

According to a 2016 study US methane emissions were underestimated by the EPA for at least a decade, by some 30 to 50 percent.

2018
In February 2018, an explosion and blowout in a natural gas well in Belmont County, Ohio was detected by the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite's Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument.  The well was owned by XTO Energy.  About 30 homes were evacuated, and brine and produced water were discharged into streams flowing into the Ohio River.

The blowout lasted 20 days, releasing more than 50,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere. The blowout leaked more methane than is discharged by most European nations in a year from their oil and gas industries.

Carbon emissions by categories
The largest source of emissions in 2017 was transportation at 29%, followed by electricity generation at 28% and industry at 22%.

Individual action
Recommended actions individuals can take on climate change include limiting miles flown and driven, and the amount of beef eaten; and registering and voting.

Reporting requirement
Since 2011 the USEPA's Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases rule, requires thousands of companies in the US to monitor and report their greenhouse gas emissions.
A detailed inventory of fossil fuel  emissions is provided by the Project Vulcan.

Strategy and measures to address climate change

Near-term measures

Transportation

As of 2011, 71% of petroleum consumed in the US was used for transportation.

Programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector:

 CAFE:

The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program requires automobile manufacturers to meet average fuel economy standards for the light-duty vehicles, large passenger vans and SUVs sold in the United States. Fuel economy standards vary according to the size of the vehicle.

SmartWay
Renewable Fuel Standard:

 Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, United States Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for promulgating regulations to ensure that gasoline sold in the United States contains a specific volume of renewable fuel. This national Renewable Fuel Standard will increase the volume of renewable fuel that is blended into gasoline, starting with calendar year 2006. The standard is intended to double the amount of renewable fuel usage by 2012. As of 2011, 4% of the energy consumed by transportation was supplied by renewable fuels.

FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership and Vehicle Technologies Program:

 The program works jointly with DOE's hydrogen, fuel cell, and infrastructure R&D efforts and the efforts to develop improved technology for hybrid electric vehicle, which include the hybrid electric components (such as batteries and electric motors).
 The U.S. government uses six "criteria pollutants" as indicators of air quality: ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter, and lead and does not include carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

 Clean Cities
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program.
Aircraft Fuel Efficiency:

 Aviation yields GHG emissions that have the potential to influence global climate. In the United States, aviation makes up about 3% of the national GHG inventory and about 12% of transportation emissions. Currently, measuring and tracking fuel efficiency from aircraft operations provide the data for assessing the improvements in aircraft and engine technology, operational procedures, and the airspace transportation system that reduce aviation's contribution to CO 2 emissions. In the near term, new technologies to improve air traffic management will help reduce fuel burn and, thus, emissions. In the long term, new engines and aircraft will feature more efficient components and aircraft aerodynamics, enhanced engine cycles, and reduced weight, thereby improving fuel efficiency.

Biomass and Biorefinery Systems Program

Energy: residential and commercial sectors

 EPA Clean Energy Programs - Energy Star
 Commercial Building Integration and Residential Building Integration (Build America).
 Weatherization Assistance Program
 State Energy Program
As of 2010, buildings in the United States consume roughly 48% of the country's electricity and contribute a similar percentage of GHG.

Energy: industrial sector
 Energy Star for industry
 Industrial Technologies Program (ITP)

Energy: supply

 Wind power in the United States
 Solar power in the United States
 Geothermal power in the United States
 Biofuel in the United States:
 Distributed generation
 EPA Clean Energy Programs - Green Power Partnership
 EPA Clean Energy Programs - Combined Heat and Power Partnership
 Carbon Capture and Storage Research Program
Advanced Energy Systems Program
CO2 Capture
CO2 Storage

Industry: non-CO2 GHGs
 Methane Programs
Environmental Stewardship —The objective of this initiative is to limit emissions of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 in three industrial applications: semiconductor production, electric power distribution, and magnesium production.
HFC-23 —To reduce HFC-23 emissions from the manufacture of the ozone-depleting substance HCFC-22

Agriculture
 Environmental Quality Incentives Program
 Conservation Reserve Program
 Conservation Security Program

Forestry
 Healthy Forests Initiative
 Forest Land Enhancement Program

Waste management
 Landfill Methane Outreach Program

 WasteWise to encourage recycling and source reduction.

Cross-sectoral
 Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Under 1605(b):
 Authorized under Section 1605(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, this voluntary program provides a means for utilities, industries, and other entities to establish a public record of their emissions and the results of voluntary measures to reduce, avoid, or sequester GHG emission
 State and Local Climate and Energy Program
 Federal Energy Management Program

Nonfederal policies and measures

State initiatives
California:

 Vehicle Air Pollution (SR 27)- States and implies that California Senate does not have to adhere to cutbacks in emissions standards further allowing stricter emissions standards than the federal government for the state of California. Under this senate resolution the current administration or other federal powers will be opposed by California in any reduction or cutback of the Clean Air Act policies that are currently in place; allowing California to have higher emissions and air quality standards. This policy is because of the threat by the current administration's efforts to reverse environmental policies, in this case vehicle emissions standards. This opposition of federal policy changes is allowed through California's Clean Air Act preemption waiver granted to the state by the EPA on July 8, 2009.  California's waiver applies to vehicles made in 2009 and later. The current standard being followed by the state is a goal of all vehicles reaching an average of 35 miles per gallon. California saw a large decline in vehicle emissions from 2007 to 2013 as well as a rise in emissions following 2013 which can be attributed to different circumstances some of which include increased population, increased employment, increase in overall state GDP meaning more productivity in the state.
 Vehicle Registration: Environmental Rebates (SB 745)- Establishes a rebate for any transportation improvement fee on a vehicle. This Senate Bill allots funds from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to the Climate Policy Special rebate fund and which are then transferred to the department of motor vehicles to pay for newly registered vehicles or renewed vehicles. According to the policy the cost per vehicle is to be displayed in the registration paperwork.

Regional initiatives
 Western Climate Initiative
 , the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative includes Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is a cap and trade program in which states "sell nearly all emission allowances through auctions and invest proceeds in energy efficiency, renewable energy and other consumer benefit programs".
 Western Governors Association Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative
 Powering the Plains
 Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships
 U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
 National Governors Association (NGA)´s Securing a Clean Energy Future.
 In 2007 NGA announced plans to expand statewide regulations on GHG emissions and clean energy initiatives. Governors Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota and Kathleen Sebelius of Kansas led a  task force along with six other governors to promote renewable energy, conservation, and a reduction in GHG emissions through statewide policies. The US Department of Energy provided $610,000 in support for this initiative.

As chairman of NGA, Governor Tim Pawlenty (R-MN) said that on energy issues, "We have a federal government that doesn't seem to want to move as fast or as bold as many would like." With states creating their own emissions standards, Pawlenty said, there will be a push for the federal government to come up with a nationwide energy policy to address global warming. If enough states act to reduce GHG emissions, it would "become a de facto national policy".

Climate action plans

Lead by example programs
 New Hampshire's Building Energy Conservation Initiative
 New Jersey's Green Power Purchasing Program
 Atlanta's Virginia Highland - 1st Carbon Neutral Zone in the United States

Long-term measures
 Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships
 Nuclear:
Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative
 Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative
 Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative
 Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
 Clean Automotive Technology
 Hydrogen Technology
 and High-temperature superconductivity

International measures
Paris Agreement

See also

Climate Registry
Coal in the United States
Energy conservation in the United States
Greenhouse gas emissions in Kentucky
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
List of U.S. states by carbon dioxide emissions
Politics of global warming
Post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions
Regulation of Greenhouse Gases Under the Clean Air Act
Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming
U.S. Climate Change Science Program

Notes

References

External links

 Live carbon emissions from electricity generation in some states
 U.S. Emissions Data (Energy Information Administration).

Category:Transportation in the United States
Category:Energy in the United States


Laree

Laree may refer to:

 Larée, a village and commune in France
 Lari (fish hook money), an obsolete coinage used around the Arabian sea
 The Georgian lari, a unit of currency
 The Maldivian laari, a unit of currency