Mario Liebers

Mario Liebers (born 1 January 1960) is a German former competitive figure skater who represented East Germany. He is the 1977 Blue Swords champion, the 1978 Prize of Moscow News bronze medalist, and a five-time East German national silver medalist. He finished in the top ten at the 1978 World Championships and at three European Championships.

After retiring from competition, Liebers became a dentist based in Berlin. He and his wife Kerstin, a former sprinter, are the parents of German figure skaters Martin Liebers (born in 1985) and Peter Liebers (born in 1988).

Competitive highlights

References

Category:East German figure skaters
Category:Living people
Category:1960 births
Category:Sportspeople from Dresden


Jean-Baptiste Voboam

Jean-Baptiste Voboam (1634/46-1692) was a French luthier known for making elaborately embellished baroque guitars. Voboam came from a family of luthiers who were active in Paris from 1640 until 1740. Tortoise and mother of pearl would be used for decorative oval motifs called . The soundboard, fingerboard, pegbox and other parts of Voboam instruments were edged with ivory and ebony diagonal inlays called pistogne.

A painting by Guillaume Voiriot called Monsieur Aublet in Fancy Dress Playing the Guitar depicts a man playing a guitar very similar in appearance to one in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art that has been attributed to Voboam on the basis on an engraved inscription on the instrument.

The National Museum of American History has a six course guitar made by Voboam in 1730. Based on the size of the guitar it may have originally been a 4 course guitar. Made of spruce with rosewood veneer, the rosewood sides are inlaid with ebony and ivory.

References

Category:Guitar makers
Category:Baroque artists
Category:17th-century French people


List of flags of the Papacy

The following is a list of flags used in Vatican City and the Papal States.

National flag and State flag

Papal flags

Military flag

Historical flags

See also

 Flag of the Vatican City
 Coat of arms of the Vatican City
 History of Christian flags

References

Papacy
Flags of the Papacy
Flags of the Papacy


Dún Dealgan Motte

Dún Dealgan Motte is a motte and National Monument in Dundalk, Ireland.

Location

Dún Dealgan Motte is located immediately northwest of Dundalk and west of Mount Avenue, on a ridge overlooking the Castletown River.

History and archaeology

Motte

An ancient Gaelic Irish dún once stood here. Some legends claim the site as the birthplace of Cú Chulainn, and it is here that he bases himself in the Táin Bó Cúailgne. The Annals of the Four Masters places a battle here in 500 AD.

Early accounts merely call it Dealga, with dún only added after 1002, so it's possible that a fort was only built on the hill around that time. A Z-shaped souterrain,  in length, was also dug into the hill in the Gaelic period.

Motte-and-bailey castles were a primitive type of castle built after the Norman invasion, a mound of earth topped by a wooden palisade and tower. Dún Dealgan motte is believed to have been constructed by Bertram III de Verdun (c.1135–1192), with a bailey to the northwest. It was a stronghold of Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster in 1210, but he left it when pursued northwards by King John. On 14 October 1318, it was the site of the Battle of Faughart, where the Bruce campaign in Ireland ended with the death of Edward Bruce.

Folly

A local landowner named Patrick Byrne (often called a pirate, due to much of his wealth originating from smuggling) began to build a Gothic house atop the mount. It was damaged in the 1798 Rebellion, and only a castellated tower ("Byrne's Folly") remained.

The house was rebuilt in 1850 by Thomas Vesey Dawson as a country retreat, but fell into disrepair and was bought by the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society to be used for a museum. It was further damaged in the revolutionary period (1919–23).

References

Category:Archaeological sites in County Louth
Category:National Monuments in County Louth
Category:Motte-and-bailey castles


Thomas Happe

Thomas Happe (born March 25, 1958 in Dortmund) is a former West German handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.

He was a member of the West German handball team which won the silver medal. He played five matches.

References

Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:German male handball players
Category:Handball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic handball players of West Germany
Category:Olympic silver medalists for West Germany
Category:Olympic medalists in handball
Category:Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics


2014 Fed Cup

The 2014 Fed Cup (also known as the 2014 Fed Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) was the 52nd edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The final took place on 8–9 November and was won by the Czech Republic. Petra Kvitová won both of her singles matches in that final against Germany, delivering two of the three points needed for victory of her team.

The draw took place on 10 July 2013 in Paris, France.

World Group

Source:

Draw

World Group II

The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2014. Winners advanced to the World Group Play-offs, and losers played in the World Group II Play-offs.

Dates: 8–9 February

Results:

World Group Play-offs

The four losing teams in the World Group first round ties, and four winners of the World Group II ties entered the draw for the World Group Play-offs. Four seeded teams, based on the latest Fed Cup ranking, were drawn against four unseeded teams.

Dates: 19–20 April

Results:

 remained in the World Group in 2015.
,  and  were promoted to the World Group in 2015.
 remained in World Group II in 2015.
,  and  were relegated to World Group II in 2015.

World Group II Play-offs

The four losing teams from World Group II played off against qualifiers from Zonal Group I. Two teams qualified from Europe/Africa Zone, one team from the Asia/Oceania Zone, and one team from the Americas Zone.

Dates: 19–20 April

Results:

 and  remained in World Group II in 2015.
 and  were promoted to World Group II in 2015.
 and  remained in Zonal Group I in 2015.
 and  were relegated to Zonal Group I in 2015.

Americas Zone

 Nations in bold advanced to the higher level of competition.
 Nations in italics were relegated down to a lower level of competition.

Group I
Venue: Yacht y Golf Club Paraguayo, Lambaré, Paraguay (outdoor clay)

Dates: Week commencing 3 February

Participating teams

Pool A

Pool B

Play-offs

  advanced to World Group II play-offs.
  and  were relegated to Americas Zone Group II in 2015.

Group II
Venue: Palmas Athletic Club, Humacao, Puerto Rico (outdoor hard)

Dates: 7–12 April

Participating teams

Pool A

Pool B

 Pool C

Pool D

Play-offs

  and  were promoted to Americas Zone Group I in 2015

Asia/Oceania Zone

 Nations in bold advanced to the higher level of competition.
 Nations in italics were relegated down to a lower level of competition.

Group I
Venue: National Tennis Centre, Astana, Kazakhstan (indoor hard)

Dates: Week commencing 3 February

Participating teams

Pool A

Pool B

Play-offs

  advanced to World Group II Play-offs
  was relegated to Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 2015

Group II
Venue: National Tennis Centre, Astana, Kazakhstan (Indoor hard)

Dates: Week commencing 3 February

Participating teams

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Play-offs

  was promoted to Asia/Oceania Group I in 2015

Europe/Africa Zone

 Nations in bold advanced to the higher level of competition.
 Nations in italics were relegated down to a lower level of competition.

Group I
Venue: Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary (indoor hard)

Dates: Week commencing 3 February

Participating teams

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

 Remaining team

Play-offs

  and  advanced to World Group II play-offs.
  and  were relegated to Europe/Africa Group II in 2015.

Group II
Venue: Šiauliai Tennis School, Šiauliai, Lithuania (indoor hard)

Dates: 16–19 April 2014

Participating teams

Pool A

  Pool B

Play-offs

  and  were promoted to Europe/Africa Group I in 2015.
  and  were relegated to Europe/Africa Group III in 2015.

Group III
Venue: Tere Tennis Center, Tallinn, Estonia (indoor hard)

Dates: 5–8 February 2014

Participating teams

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Play-offs

  and  were promoted to Europe/Africa Group II in 2015.

References

External links
 fedcup.com

Fed Cup
Category:Fed Cups by year
Category:2014 in women's tennis


Lake Tanganyika

Lake Tanganyika is an African Great Lake.  It is the second-oldest freshwater lake in the world, the second-largest by volume, and the second-deepest, in all cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. The lake is shared between four countries – Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, and Zambia, with Tanzania (46%) and DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains into the Congo River system and ultimately into the Atlantic Ocean.

Etymology
The name "Tanganyika" apparently refers to "the great lake spreading out like a plain", or "plain-like lake".

Geography and geological history
Lake Tanganyika is situated within the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift, and is confined by the mountainous walls of the valley. It is the largest rift lake in Africa and the second-largest lake by volume in the world. It is the deepest lake in Africa and holds the greatest volume of fresh water, accounting for 16% of the world's available fresh water. It extends for  in a general north-south direction and averages  in width. The lake covers , with a shoreline of , a mean depth of  and a maximum depth of  (in the northern basin). It holds an estimated .

The catchment area of the lake is . Two main rivers flow into the lake, as well as numerous smaller rivers and streams (whose lengths are limited by the steep mountains around the lake). The one major outflow is the Lukuga River, which empties into the Congo River drainage. Precipation and evaporation play a greater role than the rivers. At least 90% of the water influx is from rain falling on the lake's surface and at least 90% of the water loss is from direct evaporation.

The major river flowing into the lake is the Ruzizi River, formed about 10,000 years ago, which enters the north of the lake from Lake Kivu. The Malagarasi River, which is Tanzania's second largest river, enters the east side of Lake Tanganyika. The Malagarasi is older than Lake Tanganyika, and before the lake was formed, it probably was a headwater of the Lualaba River, the main Congo River headstream.

The lake has a complex history of changing flow patterns, due to its high altitude, great depth, slow rate of refill, and mountainous location in a turbulently volcanic area that has undergone climate changes. Apparently, it has rarely in the past had an outflow to the sea. It has been described as "practically endorheic" for this reason. The lake's connection to the sea is dependent on a high water level allowing water to overflow out of the lake through the Lukuga River into the Congo. When not overflowing, the lake's exit into the Lukuga River typically is blocked by sand bars and masses of weed, and instead this river depends on its own tributaries, especially the Niemba River, to maintain a flow.

Due to the lake's tropical location, it has a high rate of evaporation. Thus, it depends on a high inflow through the Ruzizi out of Lake Kivu to keep the lake high enough to overflow. This outflow is apparently not more than 12,000 years old, and resulted from lava flows blocking and diverting the Kivu basin's previous outflow into Lake Edward and then the Nile system, and diverting it to Lake Tanganyika. Signs of ancient shorelines indicate that at times, Tanganyika may have been up to  lower than its present surface level, with no outlet to the sea. Even its current outlet is intermittent, thus may not have been operating when first visited by Western explorers in 1858.

The lake may also have at times had different inflows and outflows; inward flows from a higher Lake Rukwa, access to Lake Malawi and an exit route to the Nile have all been proposed to have existed at some point in the lake's history.

Lake Tanganyika is an ancient lake. Its three basins, which in periods with much lower water levels were separate lakes, are of different ages. The central began to form 9–12 million years ago (Mya), the northern 7–8 Mya and the southern 2–4 Mya.

Islands
Of the several islands in Lake Tanganyika, the most important  are:

 Kavala Island (DRC)
 Mamba-Kayenda Islands (DRC)
 Milima Island (DRC)
 Kibishie Island (DRC)
 Mutondwe Island (Zambia)
 Kumbula Island (Zambia)

Water characteristics
The lake's water is alkaline with a pH around 9 at depths of . Below this, it is around 8.7, gradually decreasing to 8.3–8.5 in the deepest parts of Tanganyika. A similar pattern can be seen in the electric conductivity, ranging from about 670 μS/cm in the upper part to 690 μS/cm in the deepest.

Surface temperatures generally range from about  in the southern part of the lake in early August to  in the late rainy season in March—April. At depths greater than , the temperature is very stable at . The water has gradually warmed since the 1800s and this has accelerated with global warming since the 1950s.

The lake is stratified and seasonal mixing generally does not extend beyond depths of . The mixing mainly occurs as upwellings in the south and is wind-driven, but to a lesser extent, up- and downwellings also occur elsewhere in the lake. As a consequence of the stratification, the deep sections contain "fossil water". This also means it has no oxygen (it is anoxic) in the deeper parts, essentially limiting fish and other aerobic organisms to the upper part. Some geographical variations are seen in this limit, but it is typically at depths around  in the northern part of the lake and  in the south. The oxygen-devoid deepest sections contain high levels of toxic hydrogen sulphide and are essentially lifeless, except for bacteria.

Biology

Reptiles
Lake Tanganyika and associated wetlands are home to Nile crocodiles (including famous giant Gustave), Zambian hinged terrapins, serrated hinged terrapins, and pan hinged terrapins (last species not in the lake itself, but in adjacent lagoons). Storm's water cobra, a threatened subspecies of banded water cobra that feeds mainly on fish, is only found in Lake Tanganyika, where it prefers rocky shores.

Cichlid fish

The lake holds at least 250 species of cichlid fish and undescribed species remain. Almost all (98%) of the Tanganyika cichlids are endemic to the lake and it is thus an important biological resource for the study of speciation in evolution. Some of the endemics do occur slightly into the upper Lukuga River, Lake Tanganyika's outflow, but further spread into the Congo River basin is prevented by physics (Lukuga has fast-flowing sections with many rapids and waterfalls) and chemistry (Tanganyika's water is alkaline, while the Congo's generally is acidic). The cichlids of the African Great Lakes, including Tanganyika, represent the most diverse extent of adaptive radiation in vertebrates.

Although Tanganyika has far fewer cichlid species than Lakes Malawi and Victoria which both have experienced relatively recent explosive species radiations (resulting in many closely related species), its cichlids are the most morphologically and genetically diverse. This is linked to the high age of Tanganyika, as it is far older than the other lakes. Tanganyika has the largest number of endemic cichlid genera of all African lakes. All Tanganyika cichlids are in the subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae. Of the 10 tribes in this subfamily, half are largely or entirely restricted to the lake (Cyprichromini, Ectodini, Lamprologini, Limnochromini and Tropheini) and another three have species in the lake (Haplochromini, Tilapiini and Tylochromini). Others have proposed splitting the Tanganyika cichlids into as many as 12–16 tribes (in addition to previous mentioned, Bathybatini, Benthochromini, Boulengerochromini, Cyphotilapiini, Eretmodini, Greenwoodochromini, Perissodini and Trematocarini).

Most Tanganyika cichlids live along the shoreline down to a depth of , but some deep-water species regularly descend to . Trematocara species have exceptionally been found at more than , which is deeper than any other cichlid in the world. Some of the deep-water cichlids (e.g., Bathybates, Gnathochromis, Hemibates and Xenochromis) have been caught in places virtually devoid of oxygen, but how they are able to survive there is unclear. Tanganyika cichlids are generally benthic (found at or near the bottom) and/or coastal. No Tanganyika cichlids are truly pelagic and offshore, except for some of the piscivorous Bathybates. Two of these, B. fasciatus and B. leo, mainly feed on Tanganyika sardines. Tanganyika cichlids differ extensively in ecology and include species that are herbivores, detritivores, planktivores, insectivores, molluscivores, scavengers, scale-eaters and piscivores. Their breeding behavior fall into two main groups, the substrate spawners (often in caves or rock crevices) and the mouthbrooders. Among the endemic species are two of the world's smallest cichlids, Neolamprologus multifasciatus and N. similis (both shell dwellers) at up to , and one of the largest, the giant cichlid (Boulengerochromis microlepis) at up to .

Many cichlids from Lake Tanganyika, such as species from the genera Altolamprologus, Cyprichromis, Eretmodus, Julidochromis, Lamprologus, Neolamprologus, Tropheus and Xenotilapia, are popular aquarium fish due to their bright colors and patterns, and interesting behaviors. Recreating a Lake Tanganyika biotope to host those cichlids in a habitat similar to their natural environment is also popular in the aquarium hobby.

Other fish

Lake Tanganyika is home to more than 80 species of non-cichlid fish and about 60% of these are endemic.

The open waters of the pelagic zone are dominated by four non-cichlid species: Two species of "Tanganyika sardine" (Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae) form the largest biomass of fish in this zone, and they are important prey for the forktail lates (Lates microlepis) and sleek lates (L. stappersii). Two additional lates are found in the lake, the Tanganyika lates (L. angustifrons) and bigeye lates (L. mariae), but both these are primarily benthic hunters, although they also may move into open waters. The four lates, all endemic to Tanganyika, have been overfished and larger individuals are rare today.

Among the more unusual fish in the lake are the endemic, facultatively brood parasitic "cuckoo catfish", including at least Synodontis grandiops and S. multipunctatus. A number of others are very similar (e.g., S. lucipinnis and S. petricola) and have often been confused; it is unclear if they have a similar behavior. The facultative brood parasites often lay their eggs synchronously with mouthbroding cichlids. The cichlid pick up the eggs in their mouth as if they were their own. Once the catfish eggs hatch the young eat the cichlid eggs. Six catfish genera are entirely restricted to the lake basin: Bathybagrus, Dinotopterus, Lophiobagrus, Phyllonemus, Pseudotanganikallabes and Tanganikallabes. Although not endemic on a genus level, six species of Chrysichthys catfish are only found in the Tanganyika basin where they live both in shallow and relatively deep waters; in the latter habitat they are the primary predators and scavengers. A unique evolutionary radiation in the lake is the 15 species of Mastacembelus spiny eels, all but one endemic to its basin. Although other African Great Lakes have Synodontis catfish, endemic catfish genera and Mastacembelus spiny eels, the relatively high diversity is unique to Tanganyika, which likely is related to its old age.

Among the non-endemic fish, some are widespread African species but several are only shared with the Malagarasi and Congo River basins, such as the Congo bichir (Polypterus congicus), goliath tigerfish (Hydrocynus goliath), Citharinus citharus, six-banded distichodus (Distichodus sexfasciatus) and mbu puffer (Tetraodon mbu).

Molluscs and crustaceans

A total of 83 freshwater snail species (65 endemic) and 11 bivalve species (8 endemic) are known from the lake. Among the endemic bivalves are three monotypic genera: Grandidieria burtoni, Pseudospatha tanganyicensis and Brazzaea anceyi. Many of the snails are unusual for species living in freshwater in having noticeably thickened shells and/or distinct sculpture, features more commonly seen in marine snails. They are referred to as thalassoids, which can be translated to "marine-like". All the Tanganyika thalassoids, which are part of Prosobranchia, are endemic to the lake. Initially they were believed to be related to similar marine snails, but they are now known to be unrelated. Their appearance is now believed to be the result of the highly diverse habitats in Lake Tanganyika and evolutionary pressure from snail-eating fish and, in particular, Platythelphusa crabs. A total of 17 freshwater snail genera are endemic to the lake, such as Hirthia, Lavigeria, Paramelania, Reymondia, Spekia, Stanleya, Tanganyicia and Tiphobia. There are about 30 species of non-thalassoid snails in the lake, but only five of these are endemic, including Ferrissia tanganyicensis and Neothauma tanganyicense. The latter is the largest Tanganyika snail and its shell is often used by small shell-dwelling cichlids.

Crustaceans are also highly diverse in Tanganyika with more than 200 species, of which more than half are endemic. They include 10 species of freshwater crabs (9 Platythelphusa and Potamonautes platynotus; all endemic), at least 11 species of small atyid shrimp (Atyella, Caridella and Limnocaridina), an endemic palaemonid shrimp (Macrobrachium moorei), about 100 ostracods, including many endemics, and several copepods. Among these, Limnocaridina iridinae lives inside the mantle cavity of the  unionid mussel Pleiodon spekei, making it one of only two known commensal species of freshwater shrimp (the other is the sponge-living Caridina spongicola from Lake Towuti, Indonesia).

Among Rift Valley lakes, Lake Tanganyika far surpasses all others in terms of crustacean and freshwater snail richness (both in total number of species and number of endemics). For example, the only other Rift Valley lake with endemic freshwater crabs are Lake Kivu and Lake Victoria with two species each.

Other invertebrates
The diversity of other invertebrate groups in Lake Tanganyika is often not well-known, but there are at least 20 described species of leeches (12 endemics), 9 sponges (7 endemic), 6 bryozoa (2 endemic), 11 flatworms (7 endemic), 20 nematodes (7 endemic), 28 annelids (17 endemic) and the small hydrozoan jellyfish Limnocnida tanganyicae.

Fishing

Lake Tanganyika supports a major fishery, which, depending on source, provides 25–40% or  60% of the animal protein in the diet of the people living in the region. Currently, there are around 100,000 people directly involved in the fisheries operating from almost 800 sites. The lake is also vital to the estimated 10 million people living in the greater basin.

Lake Tanganyika fish can be found exported throughout East Africa. Major commercial fishing began in the mid-1950s and has, together with global warming (limiting the habitat of temperature sensitive species), had a heavy impact on the fish populations, causing significant declines. In 2016, it was estimated that the total catch was up to 200,000 tonnes. Former industrial fisheries, which boomed in the 1980s, have subsequently collapsed.

Transport
Two ferries carry passengers and cargo along the eastern shore of the lake:  between Kigoma and Mpulungu and  between Kigoma and Bujumbura.
 The port town of Kigoma is the railhead for the railway from Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.
 The port town of Kalemie (previously named Albertville) is the railhead for the D.R. Congo rail network.
 The port town of Mpulungu is a proposed railhead for Zambia.

On Dec. 12, 2014, the ferry MV Mutambala capsized on Lake Tanganyika, and more than 120 lives were lost.

History

It is thought that early Homo sapiens were making an impact on the region during the stone age. The time period of the Middle Stone Age to Late Stone Age is described as an age of advanced hunter-gatherers. It is believed they would have caused megafaunal extinctions.

There are many methods in which the native people of the area were fishing. Most of them included using a lantern as a lure for fish that are attracted to light. There were three basic forms. One called Lusenga which is a wide net used by one person from a canoe. The second one is using a lift net. This was done by dropping a net deep below the boat using two parallel canoes and then simultaneously pulling it up. The third is called Chiromila which consisted of three canoes. One canoe was stationary with a lantern while another canoe holds one end of the net and the other circles the stationary one to meet up with the net.

The first known Westerners to find the lake were the British explorers Richard Burton and John Speke, in 1858.  They located it while searching for the source of the Nile River. Speke continued and found the actual source, Lake Victoria. Later David Livingstone passed by the lake. He noted the name "Liemba" for its southern part, a word probably from the Fipa language, and in 1927 this was chosen as the new name for the conquered German First World War ship Graf von Götzen which is still serving the lake up to the present time.

World War I

The lake was the scene of two celebrated battles during World War I.

With the aid of the Graf Goetzen (named after Count Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen, the former governor of German East Africa), the Germans had complete control of the lake in the early stages of the war. The ship was used both to ferry cargo and personnel across the lake, and as a base from which to launch surprise attacks on Allied troops.

It therefore became essential for the Allied forces to gain control of the lake themselves. Under the command of Lieutenant Commander Geoffrey Spicer-Simson the British Royal Navy achieved the monumental task of bringing two armed motor boats HMS Mimi and HMS Toutou from England to the lake by rail, road and river to Albertville (since renamed Kalemie in 1971) on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika. The two boats waited until December 1915, and mounted a surprise attack on the Germans, with the capture of the gunboat Kingani. Another German vessel, the Hedwig, was sunk in February 1916, leaving the Götzen as the only German vessel remaining to control the lake.

As a result of their strengthened position on the lake, the Allies started advancing towards Kigoma by land, and the Belgians established an airbase on the western shore at Albertville. It was from there, in June 1916, that they launched a bombing raid on German positions in and around Kigoma. It is unclear whether or not the Götzen was hit (the Belgians claimed to have hit it but the Germans denied this), but German morale suffered and the ship was subsequently stripped of its gun since it was needed elsewhere.

The war on the lake had reached a stalemate by this stage, with both sides refusing to mount attacks. However, the war on land was progressing, largely to the advantage of the Allies, who cut off the railway link in July 1916 and threatened to isolate Kigoma completely. This led the German  commander, Gustav Zimmer, to abandon the town and head south. In order to avoid his prize ship falling into Allied hands, Zimmer scuttled the vessel on July 26, 1916. The vessel was later raised in 1924 and renamed MV Liemba (see transport).

Che Guevara

In 1965 Argentinian revolutionary Che Guevara used the western shores of Lake Tanganyika as a training camp for guerrilla forces in the Congo.  From his camp, Che and his forces attempted to overthrow the government, but ended up pulling out in less than a year since the National Security Agency (NSA) had been monitoring him the entire time and aided government forces in ambushing his guerrillas.

Recent history

In 1992 Lake Tanganyika featured in the British TV documentary series Pole to Pole. The BBC documentarian Michael Palin stayed on board the MV Liemba and travelled across the lake.

Since 2004 the lake has been the focus of a massive Water and Nature Initiative by the IUCN. The project is scheduled to take five years at a total cost of US$27 million. The initiative is attempting to monitor the resources and state of the lake, set common criteria for acceptable level of sediments, pollution, and water quality in general, and design and establish a lake basin management authority.

Effects of global warming
Because of increasing global temperature there is a direct correlation to lower productivity in Lake Tanganyika. Southern winds create upwells of deep nutrient-rich water on the southern end of the lake. This happens during the cooler months (May to September). These nutrients that are in deep water are vital in maintaining the aquatic food web. The southerly winds are slowing down which limits the ability for the mixing of nutrients. This is correlating with less productivity in the lake.

Alleged Fijian connection
According to a legend of the indigenous people from some parts of the Fiji islands in the South Pacific Ocean, the Fijians originated from Tanganyika. This myth is thought to have originated in relatively recent decades. However, this hypothesis is not tenable and is contradicted by archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence.

See also

 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake

References

External links

 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 Index of Lake Tanganyika Cichlids

Category:Ancient lakes

Tangyanyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Category:Freshwater ecoregions of Africa
Category:Ecoregions of Burundi
Category:Ecoregions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Category:Ecoregions of Tanzania
Category:Ecoregions of Zambia
Category:Tanganyika Province
Category:Burundi–Democratic Republic of the Congo border
Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Tanzania border
Category:Burundi–Tanzania border
Category:Tanzania–Zambia border
Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Zambia border
Category:Border tripoints
Category:Ramsar sites in Zambia


Paul de Lagarde

Paul Anton de Lagarde (2 November 1827 – 22 December 1891) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, sometimes regarded as one of the greatest orientalists of the 19th century. As a conservative political theorist, Lagarde's strong support of anti-Semitism, vocal opposition to Christianity, racial Darwinism and anti-Slavism are viewed as having been among the most influential in supporting the ideology of fascism and Nazism.<ref>Fascism: Intellectual origins, Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref>Johnson, Paul (1983), “Modern Times”, Harper and Row: New York

His great learning and gifts were curiously mixed with dogmatism and distrust in the activities of others. In politics, he belonged to the Prussian Conservative party. He died in Göttingen on 22 December 1891.

Early life and education
De Lagarde was born in Berlin as Paul Bötticher; in early adulthood he legally adopted the family name of his maternal line out of respect for his great-aunt who raised him.  At Humboldt University of Berlin (1844–1846) and University of Halle-Wittenberg (1846–1847) he studied theology, philosophy and Oriental languages.

In 1852 his studies took him to London and Paris.

Career
In 1854 he became a teacher at a Berlin public school, but this did not interrupt his biblical studies. In 1866 he received three years leave of absence to collect fresh materials, and in 1869 succeeded German orientalist and theologian Heinrich Ewald as professor of oriental languages at the University of Göttingen.  Like Ewald, Lagarde was an active worker in a variety of subjects and languages; but his chief aim, the elucidation of the Bible, was almost always kept in view. Lagarde was easily the most renowned Septuagint scholar of the nineteenth century, and he devoted himself ardently to Oriental studies.

Political interests
Parallel to his academic work, he attempted to establish a German national religion whose most striking manifestations were an aggressive anti-Semitism and expansionism. He held few concrete religious beliefs at the ready for his postulated national religion as his first political treatise Über das Verhältnis des deutschen Staates zu Theologie, Kirche und Religion. Ein Versuch Nicht-Theologen zu orientieren (On the Relationship of the German State to Theology, Church and Religion: An Attempted Orientation for Non-Theologians) demonstrates. In regard to the state, he called for its initial and most important task to be to create a climate in which a national religion could flourish. Meanwhile, he obliged those who had faith in God to a radical morality wherein they distinguish solely between "duty or sin" in their every action. In addition, first a formal language must be developed for the religiosity of these newborn men. In the second part of his 1875 book, Über die gegenwärtige Lage des deutschen Reichs. Ein Bericht (On the Current Situation of the German Reich: A Report), he connected thereto and specified as follows:

The historian Ulrich Sieg classifies his position as follows: "He despised the Christianity that he considered bland and lukewarm and hoped for a folkish religion of the future." Lagarde was conversant with Adolf Stoecker, the founder of the anti-Semitic Berlin Movement. He also showed interest in folkish-anti-Semitic societies such as the Deutscher Volksverein of Bernhard Förster and Max Liebermann von Sonnenberg, as well as the Deutschsoziale Partei of Theodor Fritsch. To the latter, he established contact in 1886 by sending his treatise Die nächsten Pflichten deutscher Politik (The Coming Tasks of German Politics), at the core of which he considered to be a German policy of settlement in Eastern Europe. In German Writings, in which he compiled his previously published political essays, there can be found numerous anti-Semitic passages in which we learn, among other things, that he considered Jews to be the greatest barrier to German unification, whereas he simultaneously avowed the concept of a German colonization of southeastern Europe and proposed that the Jewish population settled there at the time be resettled to Palestine or Madagascar. The only alternatives for Lagarde were the total assimilation or emigration of the Jews.

In his 1887 essay "Jews and Indo-Germanics", he wrote: “One would have to have a heart of steel to not feel sympathy for the poor Germans and, by the same token, to not hate the Jews, to not hate and despise those who – out of humanity! – advocate for the Jews or are too cowardly to crush these vermin. Trichinella and bacilli would not be negotiated with, trichinella and bacilli would also not be nurtured, they would be destroyed as quickly and as thoroughly as possible."

In addition to his influence on anti-Semitism, Lagarde is also of importance to the formation of German imperialist thought. In this regard, he concentrated on German border colonization within Europe rather than the acquisition of overseas colonies. This bears a close resemblance to the later concept of German Lebensraum most notably espoused by Friedrich Ratzel. In 1875, Lagarde maintained that the primary objective of German politics was the "gradual Germanization of Poland." Since he was concerned about how many Germans emigrated in their search for land, he advocated a border colonizing land acquisition for the peasantry, which he considered the "true foundation of the state." This land acquisition aimed to create a Mitteleuropa under German leadership "that reaches from the Ems to the mouth of the Danube, from the Neman to Trieste, from Metz to about the Bug."

In his 1918 book, The New Europe, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk regards Lagarde as one of the leading philosophical and theological spokesmen of Pan-Germanism, and furthermore describes Heinrich von Treitschke as its historian, Wilhelm II as its politician and Friedrich Ratzel as its geopolitical geographer. In all of them he saw the representatives of the imperialistic "German Drang nach Osten" that threatened the Slavic countries.

Legacy
Lagarde's anti-Semitism laid the foundations for aspects of National Socialist ideology, in particular that of Alfred Rosenberg. He argued that Germany should create a "national" form of Christianity purged of Semitic elements and insisted that Jews were "pests and parasites" who should be destroyed "as speedily and thoroughly as possible".Stern, Fritz The Politics of Cultural Despair: a study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology, 1961 (see Chapter I, "Paul de Lagarde and a Germanic Religion"). His library now belongs to the New York University.

Works
He edited the Didascalia apostolorum syriace (1854) and other Syriac texts collected in the British Museum and in Paris. He edited the Aramaic translation (known as the Targum) of the Prophets according to the Codex Reuchlinianus preserved at Karlsruhe, Prophetae chaldaice (1872), the Hagiographa chaldaice (1874), an Arabic translation of the Gospels, Die vier Evangelien, arabisch aus der Wiener Handschrift herausgegeben (1864), a Syriac translation of the Old Testament Apocrypha, Libri V. T. apocryphi syriace (1865), a Coptic translation of the Pentateuch, Der Pentateuch koptisch (1867), and a part of the Lucianic text of the Septuagint, which he was able to reconstruct from manuscripts for nearly half the Old Testament.

Of the Armenians he published Zur Urgeschichte der Armenier (1854) and Armenische Studien (1877).  He was also a student of Persian, publishing Isaias persice (1883) and Persische Studien (1884).  In 1880, de Lagarde attempted to reconstruct a Syriac version of Epiphanius' treatise, On Weights and Measures, which he entitled, Veteris Testamenti ab Origene recensiti fragmenta apud Syros servata quinque. Praemittitur Epiphanii de mensuris et ponderibus liber nunc primum integer et ipse syriacus (Gootingae 1880). He followed up his Coptic studies with Aegyptiaca (1883), and published many minor contributions to the study of oriental languages in Gesammelte Abhandlungen (1866), Symmicta (1. 1877, ii. 1880), Semitica (i. 1878, ii. 1879), Orientalia (1879–1880) and Mittheilungen (1884).  Mention should also be made of the valuable Onomastica sacra (1870; 2nd ed., 1887).

He edited:

In Deutsche Schriften (1878–81; 4th ed., Göttingen, 1903), he attempted to involve himself in politics. It deals with the position of the German state relative to theology, the church and religion. It became a nationalist text.

Notes

References
  This work in turn cites:
 Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie Anna de Lagarde, Paul de Lagarde (1894)

Further reading
 Ulrich Sieg, Deutschlands Prophet. Paul de Lagarde und die Ursprünge des modernen Antisemitismus (München, Carl Hanser 2007).
 Fritz Stern, The Politics of Cultural Despair'' (1961).

External links

Collection of Lagarde's writings at Archive.org
Der Pentateuch Koptisch Herausgegeben von Paul de Lagarde

Category:1827 births
Category:1891 deaths
Category:Writers from Berlin
Category:German biblical scholars
Category:Christian Hebraists
Category:German orientalists
Category:Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Category:History of Madagascar
Category:People from the Province of Brandenburg
Category:Syriacists
Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Category:Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
Category:Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg faculty
Category:University of Göttingen faculty
Category:German male non-fiction writers


José Lobatón

José Manuel Lobatón (born October 21, 1984) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Tampa Bay Rays,  Washington Nationals and New York Mets.

Early life
Lobatón was the youngest of four children raised in northeastern Venezuela by their father, a taxi driver, and their stay-at-home mom. In 2002, at 17 years old, he signed with the San Diego Padres for $70,000.

Minor league career
Lobatón made his Minor League debut in , and spent 2004 and 2005 with the Idaho Falls Padres, Eugene Emeralds, and the Fort Wayne Wizards. He spent the 2007 season with the Lake Elsinore Storm and played the 2008 season with the San Antonio Missions.

He played his entire 2010 season in the Rays minor league system.

Major league career

San Diego Padres
Lobatón made his Major League debut on July 5, 2009, against the Los Angeles Dodgers. He only played in 7 games with the Padres going .176 in 17 at-bats with 3 hits and 0 RBI's. He was designated for assignment on July 28.

Tampa Bay Rays
Two days after being designated for assignment, Lobatón was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Rays and reported to Double A Montgomery.

His 2011 season ended with him going .118 with only 4 hits in 34 at-bats.

Lobaton hit his first Major League home run against the Baltimore Orioles on July 25, 2012. During a three-game series against the Toronto Blue Jays from August 16–18, 2013, Lobaton hit a walk-off triple and walk-off home run, becoming the first catcher to do so since Wally Schang in  and only the fourth player overall since .

Lobatón hit a 9th inning walk-off home run off of Red Sox closer Koji Uehara to defeat the Boston Red Sox in game three of the 2013 American League Division Series. Lobaton is the only Rays player to hit a walk-off home run in the postseason, and the first Ray to hit a home run into the Rays Touch Tank (the others being Luis Gonzalez and Miguel Cabrera). It was the only walk-off home run of the 2013 postseason.

Washington Nationals
On February 13, 2014, he was traded to the Washington Nationals (along with Felipe Rivero and Drew Vettleson) in exchange for Nathan Karns. Lobatón and the Nationals avoided salary arbitration on December 1, 2016, agreeing to a $1.575 million salary for the 2017 season. In March 2017, he declined an offer to replace Salvador Pérez on the roster of the Venezuela national baseball team at the 2017 World Baseball Classic so that he could stay in spring training with Nationals and compete for a spot on the club's roster.

New York Mets
On December 15, 2017, Lobatón signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets. He was designated for assignment on May 19, 2018 and outrighted to the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s. He had his contract purchased again on June 1, 2018. Loboton was Designated for assignment on June 11, 2018.  He cleared waivers and was outrighted to Triple-A.

Seattle Mariners
On December 7, 2018, Lobatón signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On August 9, 2019, the Los Angeles Dodgers acquired Lobatón from the Mariners in exchange for cash considerations.

Personal life
Lobaton married his wife, Nina, at Tropicana Field on July 3, 2012. The couple had a son in 2013.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela

References

External links

Retrosheet
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League

Category:1984 births
Category:Arizona League Padres players
Category:Caribbean Series players
Category:Charlotte Stone Crabs players
Category:Durham Bulls players
Category:Eugene Emeralds players
Category:Fort Wayne Wizards players
Category:Idaho Falls Padres players
Category:Lake Elsinore Storm players
Category:Las Vegas 51s players
Category:Leones del Caracas players
Category:Living people
Category:Major League Baseball catchers
Category:Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
Category:Montgomery Biscuits players
Category:New York Mets players
Category:People from Acarigua
Category:Portland Beavers players
Category:San Antonio Missions players
Category:San Diego Padres players
Category:Syracuse Chiefs players
Category:Tampa Bay Rays players
Category:Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States
Category:Washington Nationals players
Category:Tacoma Rainiers players
Category:Oklahoma City Dodgers players


Carlos Adsera

Carlos Adsera (born 6 March 1946) is a Spanish alpine skier. He competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics.

References

Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:Alpine skiers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Category:Spanish male alpine skiers
Category:Olympic alpine skiers of Spain
Category:Sportspeople from Burgos


1970 Mexican Primera División season

México 1970In celebration of the 1970 World Cup (Mexico '70) the Mexican Football Federation held a tournament in two phases, before the world cup (Feb. 4 - May 10) and after the world cup (July 8 - Oct. 11).

Sixteen teams were seeded in two groups of eight teams, first four places of each group advanced to the "Championship Group"
and the last four teams of each group played in a "Consolation Group".

Laguna last place of the 1969-70 season, was scheduled to play against the last place of the Consolation Group in a
playoff relegation series, but due to expansion to 18 teams for the 1970-71 season this series was cancelled, there was no relegation.

Overview

This tournament was contested by 16 teams, and Cruz Azul won the championship.

After this tournament Oro changed its name to Jalisco.

Teams
{{Location map+ |Mexico |width=850 |float=center |caption=Location of the 1970 Primera División teams|places=

{| width="100%"
|-
|

First stage

Group 1

Top four teams from each group advance to Championship Group.The bottom four plays in Consolation Group.

Results

Group 2

Results

Second stage

Championship group

Results

Consolation group

Results

Notes

References
Mexico - List of final tables (RSSSF)

Category:Liga MX seasons
Mex
Category:1969–70 in Mexican football
Mex
Category:1970–71 in Mexican football


Glendale, Camden County, New Jersey

Not to be confused with Glendale in Ewing Township, Mercer County.

Glendale is an unincorporated community located within Voorhees Township, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The area is primarily located at the intersection of County Route 561 (Haddonfield-Berlin Road) and County Route 673 (White Horse Road). This intersection is home to the Glendale Methodist Episcopal Church. The community of Glendale is home to many retail stores, businesses, and residential subdivisions. Stafford Farm is a historic farm in Glendale.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Camden County, New Jersey
Category:Voorhees Township, New Jersey


KrAZ-214

The KrAZ-214 is an off-road truck 6x6 for extreme operations. It was manufactured at the YaMZ plant from 1956-1959, after which production was moved to KrAZ.

Technical characteristics
Engine: 6.97 L diesel 6 cyl.
Power: 205 PS /2000rpm
Torque: 765 Nm /1300rpm
Top speed: 55 mph

Variants
 KrAZ-214 (КрАЗ-214): cargo truck. Produced 1959-1963.
 KrAZ-214B (КрАЗ-214Б): Updated version of KrAZ-214. Produced 1963-1967.
 KrAZ-221 (КрАЗ-221): Tractor-trailer version. Produced 1960-1966.
 KrAZ-222 (КрАЗ-222): 10-ton dump truck. Produced 1963-1966.
 E-305V (Э-305В) - military excavator on KrAZ-214 chassis

Operators

Current operators
  - Ukrainian Armed Forces

Former operators
  - Soviet Armed Forces

References

Category:Military trucks of the Soviet Union


Akodon

Akodon is a genus consisting of South American grass mice. They mostly occur south of the Amazon Basin and along the Andes north to Venezuela, but are absent from much of the basin itself, the far south of the continent, and the lowlands west of the Andes. Akodon is one of the most species-rich genera of Neotropical rodents. Species of Akodon are known to inhabit a variety of habitats from tropical and tropical moist forests to altiplano and desert. Fossils are known from the late Pliocene onwards.

Taxonomy
Akodon is the largest genus in the tribe Akodontini. Three of its synonyms—Chalcomys, Hypsimys, and particularly Microxus—have sometimes been regarded as distinct genera. Neomicroxus was separated in 2013. Previously associated with  Akodon, the genera  Abrothrix, Deltamys, Necromys, Thalpomys, and Thaptomys are currently recognized as distinct. Some species of the tribe Abrotrichini are called akodons.

The genus contains the following species:
Akodon aerosus
Akodon affinis
Akodon albiventer
Akodon azarae
Akodon boliviensis
Akodon budini
Akodon caenosus
Akodon cursor
Akodon dayi
Akodon dolores
Akodon fumeus
Akodon glaucinus
Akodon iniscatus
Akodon juninensis
Akodon kofordi
Akodon lindberghi
Akodon lutescens
Akodon mimus
Akodon molinae
Akodon mollis
Akodon montensis
Akodon mystax
Akodon neocenus
Akodon orophilus
Akodon paranaensis
Akodon pervalens
Akodon philipmyersi
Akodon polopi
Akodon reigi
Akodon sanctipaulensis
Akodon serrensis
Akodon siberiae
Akodon simulator
Akodon spegazzinii
Akodon subfuscus
Akodon surdus
Akodon sylvanus
Akodon tartareus
Akodon toba
Akodon torques
Akodon varius

Footnotes

References

Literature cited
Braun, J.K., Coyner, B.S., Mares, M.A. and Van Den Bussche, R.A. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of South American grass mice of the Akodon varius group (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) in South America. Journal of Mammalogy 89(3):768-777.
Braun, J. K., M. A. Mares, B. S. Coyner, and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 2010. New species of Akodon (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from central Argentina. Journal of Mammalogy, 91(2):387–400.
D'Elía, G., Jayat, J.P., Ortiz, P.E., Salazar-Bravo, J. and Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2011. Akodon polopi Jayat et al., 2010 is a senior subjective synonym of Akodon viridescens Braun et al., 2010 (first page). Zootaxa 2744:62–64.
Jayat, J.P., Ortiz, P.E., Salazar-Bravo, J., Pardiñas, U.F.J. and D'Elía, G. 2010. The Akodon boliviensis species group (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in Argentina: species limits and distribution, with the description of a new entity (abstract). Zootaxa 2409:1–61.
Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp.
Pardiñas, U.F.J., D'Elía, G., Cirignoli, S. and Suarez, P. 2005. A new species of Akodon (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Northern Campos grasslands of Argentina. Journal of Mammalogy 86(3):462–474.
Pardiñas, U.F.J., Teta, P., D'Elía, G. and Diaz, G.B. 2011. Taxonomic status of Akodon oenos (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae), an obscure species from West Central Argentina (abstract). Zootaxa 2749:47–61.

Category:Akodon
Category:Rodent genera


National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan

The National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan (, MTRK) is the national broadcaster of Uzbekistan, operating four television networks.

Two new channels were launched by the company in early 2013: 'Madaniyat va Maʼrifat' ('Culture and Enlightenment') and 'Dunyo boʻylab' ('Around the World'). By the end of the year, four new channels were launched using frequencies of private television channels which were prohibited by the Uzbek authorities.

In January 2013, the organisation's website was hacked by a hacker going with the handle @CloneSecurity. The attack was said to have been launched for political reasons.

TV channels

Nationwide
 Oʻzbekiston (flagship national channel)
 Uzbekistan (satellite version of Oʻzbekiston)
 Yoshlar (youth channel)
 Sport
 UzHD (High Definition channel)
 Madaniyat va Maʼrifat (Culture and Enlightenment)
 Dunyo Boʻylab (Around the World)
 Bolajon (children's channel, offspring of Yoshlar)
 Navo (music channel, offspring of Yoshlar)
 Oilaviy (family channel, offspring of Oʻzbekiston)
 Diyor (country)
 Kinoteatr (movie channel, offspring of Dunyo Bo'ylab)
 Mahalla (society)
 Oʻzbekiston 24 (news channel)
 Oʻzbekiston tarixi (historical channel, formerly UZHD)

Regional
 Andijon
 Buxoro
 Farg'ona
 Jizzax
 Namangan
 Navoiy
 Qaraqalpaqstan
 Qashqadaryo
 Samarqand
 Sirdaryo
 Surxondaryo
 Toshkent (available throughout Uzbekistan)
 Xorazm

Radio channels
 Oʻzbekiston
 Yoshlar
 Toshkent
 Mahalla
O’zbekiston24

References

External links
 Official website
 Legislation of Uzbekistan

Category:Media in Uzbekistan
Category:Public broadcasting


Trône/Troon metro station

The Trône/Troon metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2. It opened as a premetro on 20 December 1970 under the name of Luxembourg. The station became a heavy metro on 2 October 1988 and its name changed to its name to reflect the neighboring Place du Trône/Troonplein ('Throne Square'). The station is located under the small ring in the municipality of the City of Brussels and is near the Royal Palace of Brussels.

Category:Brussels metro stations
Category:Railway stations opened in 1970
Category:City of Brussels


List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (by author)

The following is a list of notable decisions by the Supreme Court of Canada sorted by author.

Understanding what cases were authored by whom can be important.  For example, in early interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, it has been said there was much agreement.  However, in the third year of this interpretation the judges of the Supreme Court "each had started to develop their own method of reasoning."

List
Decisions of The Court:
 By the Court decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada
Current Justices:
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Chief Justice Wagner
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Abella
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Cromwell
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Moldaver
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Karakatsanis
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Gascon
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Côté
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Rowe
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Martin

Past Justices:
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Chief Justice Lamer
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Chief Justice McLachlin
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice L'Heureux-Dubé
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Gonthier
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Iacobucci
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Major
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Arbour
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Bastarache
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Charron
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Binnie
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice LeBel
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Deschamps
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Fish
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Rothstein
 Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Sopinka

Decisions by Dickson

Majority
 Solosky v. The Queen, [1980]
 Hunter v. Southam Inc., 1984
 R. v. Therens, 1985
 R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd., 1985
 R. v. Oakes, 1986
 Beauregard v. Canada, 1986
 R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd., 1986
 R. v. Morgentaler, 1988
 General Motors of Canada Ltd. v. City National Leasing, 1989
 Brooks v. Canada Safeway Ltd., 1989
 R. v. Sparrow, 1990 (with La Forest J)
 R. v. Keegstra, 1990
 Mahe v. Alberta, 1990

Decisions by La Forest

Majority
 Canada v. Schmidt, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 500
 United States of America v. Cotroni; United States of America v. El Zein, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1469
 R. v. Sparrow, [1990] 1. S.C.R. 1075 (with Dickson)
 McKinney v. University of Guelph, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 229
 Douglas/Kwantlen Faculty Assn. v. Douglas College, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 570
 Morguard Investments Ltd. v. De Savoye, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 1077
 Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General), [1997] 2 S.C.R. 624

References

Author
*

Supreme


Nottingham Airport

Nottingham Airport , also known as Nottingham City Airport, is located in Tollerton, Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated  south east of Nottingham City Centre, and signposted on the A52 at Trent Bridge and on the A606—this makes it one of the closest airports to a city centre in the UK. The aerodrome is equipped for private aviation, business aviation and flight instruction.

The airport primarily serves general aviation and has two runways: 09/27 and 03/21 which are  and  respectively. The longer runway is equipped with lighting for night flying, which operates during the winter flying season.

Nottingham City Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P491) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Truman Aviation Limited).

History
Nottingham (Tollerton) Airport was opened in 1930 for civilian aviation. During the Second World War, the airport was known as RAF Tollerton and acted as a relief landing ground for the Polish Training School based at RAF Newton for the Polish Air Force, and was host to Field Aircraft Services, which repaired battle damaged heavy aircraft and later dismantled them.

After the war the airfield returned to civilian use including a short lived period as a commercial airport, with Blue Line Airways operating from there until 1949, when its aircraft passed on to British Eagle Since that time, Tollerton has serviced small private aircraft only, this has included hosting airshows and three King's Cup Air Races 1967, 1968, and 1970.

The  airport was purchased in December 2006 from Nottingham City Council, by a consortium called Nottingham City Airport plc., and a programme of improvement was promised.

A comprehensive history of the airfield titled 'Tollerton - An Airfield For Nottingham 1929-2007' was published by the Keyworth and District Local History Society in 2008.

Truman Aviation
Truman Aviation is the airport operator, as well as a flight training organisation. It incorporates its own maintenance organization, flight training school and flying club; it is also responsible for providing Air Traffic Services, Fire and Rescue Services and handling on the aerodrome. Truman Aviation operates a fleet of ten aircraft, including the Piper PA-38 Tomahawk, Piper PA-28 Archer, Piper PA-28 Arrow, Piper PA-34 Seneca, Cessna 172 and a Tiger Moth.

Sherwood Flying Club
Sherwood Flying Club is a members only flying club, based at Nottingham Airport. It was founded in 1957 and presently uses two Piper PA-28 Cherokees and two Grob G-115s for hire and training.

2425 (Nottingham Airport Squadron) Air Training Corps
2425 Squadron has been based at the airport since the early 1980s. This thriving Squadron is one of around 1,000 Squadrons that form the Air Training Corps or RAF Air Cadets. Cadets are from Tollerton and the surrounding suburbs and villages within a 10-mile radius approximately.

References

Sources and further reading

Howard Fisher, Bob Hammond and Nigel Morley (2008) 'Tollerton - An Airfield For Nottingham 1929-2007' (Keyworth and District Local History Society, Keyworth, Nottingham)

External links

 Nottingham City Airport (official site)
 Sherwood Flying Club — Official site
 2425 Squadron RAF Air Cadets

Category:Airports in England
Category:Transport in Nottinghamshire
Category:Nottingham
Category:Transport in Nottingham
Category:Airports in the East Midlands


Teens of Denial

Teens of Denial is the tenth studio album by American indie rock band Car Seat Headrest, released on May 20, 2016 via Matador Records. The album served as the band's second for the label and the first to consist of newly written material.

Background
Writing for Teens of Denial began in 2013, shortly after the release of Car Seat Headrest's eighth album, Nervous Young Man. Due to the previous album's length and complexity, lead singer and songwriter Will Toledo decided to focus on writing music that was more straightforward and easier to perform live. Toledo would go on to describe Teens of Denial as a bildungsroman, adding that, "I wrote it during a period in my life where I was not feeling a lot of love. Its tone and content reflect that. I made it because that’s what I do - records have always marked the various phases of my life, and I needed to get out of this one, so I needed to make a record."

In an interview with Uproxx, Toledo noted that it took two years to finish writing the album, as he wanted the songs to flow together coherently. Outtakes from this period were released on the 2014 EP, How to Leave Town.

Release
In a November 2015 interview with Billboard, Toledo stated that the band's 2015 album Teens of Style would be followed by Teens of Denial, which he indicated would be their first to feature an outside producer and a "totally different" sound. On February 23, 2016, the lead single from Teens of Denial, "Vincent", was released, along with an accompanying music video. On March 24, Toledo announced a May 20 release date for the album and premiered the album's second single, "Drunk Drivers/Killer Whales".

Recall
On May 13, 2016, Matador Records recalled the entire initial compact disc and vinyl print runs of the album following the denial of permission to use lyrics from The Cars' "Just What I Needed" in the song "Just What I Needed/Not Just What I Needed". It was the first time in the label's history that they had recalled a record. The recalled copies were destroyed at the label's warehouse using a garbage truck compactor.

Car Seat Headrest and Matador Records had believed that they had secured the proper approval from The Cars' publisher to include the interpolation of "Just What I Needed" in "Just What I Needed/Not Just What I Needed" and had moved forward with pressing copies of Teens of Denial with the song. However, on May 10, 2016, Cars singer and songwriter Ric Ocasek denied permission to use elements of "Just What I Needed" after discovering that Toledo had changed a single line from the original lyrics.

Toledo recorded a new version of the song, titled "Not What I Needed", which removed the elements from "Just What I Needed" and was inserted in the revised track list of the album, adding a reversed sample of "Something Soon" from Car Seat Headrest's previous album, Teens of Style, and a recording of an interview Toledo did with a German radio station. The digital release of Teens of Denial was unaffected by the recall and included the new song, while the physical release was delayed until July.

Critical reception

Teens of Denial holds a score of 86 out of 100 on the online review aggregate site Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim". David Brusie of The A.V. Club wrote that the repeated "exercise in tension and release" throughout the record "is essential to Teens of Denials blistering greatness", concluding that "Toledo seems to be saying, buckle in; I'm taking you somewhere exciting. Trust him." Mark Deming of AllMusic found "real and powerful wit" in the album's songs and stated that Toledo "has created something like a novel after previously offering us short stories, and it's a piece of rough-hewn brilliance." In a "Best New Music" review for Pitchfork, Jeremy Gordon noted "even with the bigger budget and brighter environs, Toledo's underriding DIY sensibility comes through", adding that, "there’s an honest reckoning with what his wallowing has led to, and rapturous exhortation when logic alone cannot solve a problem" in regard to the album's themes and lyrics. NME critic Alex Flood called Teens of Denial "the work of a precocious talent."

Accolades

Track listing

Personnel
Car Seat Headrest
 Will Toledo – vocals, guitars, organ, piano, Mellotron
 Ethan Ives – bass, vocals, guitars, vibrato switch on organ
 Andrew Katz – drums, mixed percussion, Mellotron, vocals
 Seth Dalby – bass

Additional musicians
 Jon Maus – trumpets and trombone
 Nick Shadel – piano
 Jim Dejoie – saxophone

Production
 Steve Fisk – production
 Gordon S. Fisk – back cover photograph
 Mike Zimmerman – cover layout, design

Charts

References

Category:2016 albums
Category:Matador Records albums
Category:Car Seat Headrest albums
Category:Albums produced by Steve Fisk
Category:Concept albums


Linda Ivany

Linda Ivany is a professor in the Earth Sciences department at Syracuse University. Her research focuses primarily on paleoecology and paleoclimatology. She completed a BS degree in Geology at Syracuse University, and then went on to do an MS at the University of Florida-Gainesville, and a Ph.D. at Harvard University under the guidance of Stephen J. Gould. She worked at the University of Michigan 1997 - 2000, before being hired as a visiting assistant professor at Syracuse University later in 2000. She was promoted to full professor in 2012. She was involved in two seminal papers on large-scale diversity patterns in the Phanerozoic, in which the authors showed that it was very important to correct for the "completeness" of the fossil record, and showed that the increase in taxonomic diversity across the past 540 million years is not as dramatic as had been suggested by Jack Sepkoski and others.

She has also published several important studies that involve inferring past changes in global climate, especially in the Cenozoic.

Much of Ivany's research revolves around the study of fossil molluscs, including their taxonomy and analyses of stable isotope data.

In one recent study, she and her co-authors demonstrated a positive relationship between marine mollusc longevity and latitude.

As of November 2019, Ivany's publications had been cited more than 3600 times in the scientific literature.

A third major focus of her research involved quantifying a pattern of long intervals of assemblage similarity through time, punctuated by an abrupt shift in assemblage composition. This was referred to as "coordinated stasis." Coordinated stasis was sometimes thought of as a community-level analogue of Gould & Eldridge's Punctuated Equilibria. Although there were apparently substantial environmental changes during a 5.5Ma interval of "stasis" during the Devonian, which is consistent with some biotically driven community stability, Ivany and others caution against conceptually framing coordinated stasis as punctuated equilibra writ large.

In April 2019, Ivany was presented with an Excellence in Graduate Education Faculty Recognition Award in celebration of her outstanding mentorship of graduate students.

References

External links
 Linda Ivany's website at Syracuse University
 Ivany's profile on google scholar
 Ivany's profile on researchgate

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Syracuse University alumni
Category:Women academics
Category:Women paleontologists
Category:Syracuse University faculty
Category:University of Florida alumni
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:Paleoclimatologists
Category:Paleobiologists


Chinese paper folding

Chinese paper folding, or zhezhi (), is the art of paper folding that originated in medieval China.

The work of 20th century Japanese paper artist Akira Yoshizawa widely popularized the Japanese word "origami"; however, in China and other Chinese-speaking areas, the art is referred to by the Chinese name, zhezhi. Traditional Chinese paper folding concentrates mainly on objects like boats or hats rather than the animals and flowers of Japanese origami. A recent innovation is from the Golden Venture migrants where large representational objects are made from modular forms.

History
Paper was first invented by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty era. In the 6th century, Buddhist monks carried paper to Japan. The earliest document showing paper folding is a picture of a small paper boat in an edition of Tractatus de sphaera mundi from 1490 by Johannes de Sacrobosco. However it is very likely that paper folding originated much earlier than that in China and Japan for ceremonial purposes. In China, traditional funerals include burning folded paper, most often representations of gold nuggets (yuanbao). This practice probably started when papers gradually become popular and cheaper in China, and it seems to have become quite common during the Sung Dynasty (905–1125 CE). In Japan origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and groom, so ceremonial paperfolding had probably already become a significant aspect of Japanese ceremony by the Heian period (794–1185) of Japanese history.

It is possible that paper folding came to Japan from China when paper was introduced but there is no evidence for this. The paper folding of China has typically been of objects like dishes, hats or boats rather than animals or flowers of Japan. The Japanese treasure ship model is probably derived from the Chinese model which uses an unusual fold that may have been inspired by the folded sychee, however in general the models of the two countries are quite different.

Significant early publications
Maying Soong's 1948 book, The Art of Chinese Paper Folding, helped popularise recreational paper folding in the 20th century, and was possibly the first to distinguish the difference between Chinese versus Japanese paper folding – where the Chinese focus primarily on inanimate objects, such as boats or pagoda, the Japanese include representations of living forms, such as the crane. It contains a number of simple traditional designs, some of which are also found in the traditions of other countries. A number of the models are folded from the blintz base, a form also common in traditional European and Japanese paper folding. The Old Scholar's Hat is among the old Chinese models found in this book. and the main quote of this book.

Three dimensional origami

In 1993, a group of Chinese refugees were detained on the ship Golden Venture and held in an American prison, where they began making elaborate models combining traditional Chinese modular paperfolding (utilizing materials such as magazine covers) with a form of papier-mâché (using toilet tissue); these models were given to those helping the refugees and sold at charity fundraisers. Media coverage of the refugees helped popularize traditional Chinese modular folding worldwide, which became known as 'Golden Venture folding'.

This type of modular folding is often done with Chinese paper money. Triangles are folded from multiple pieces of 1:2 aspect ratio paper, and connected by inserting a flap of one triangle into a pocket on the next. Popular subjects include pineapples, swans, and ships. This form of modular origami is commonly referred to as '3D origami'.

See also
 Chinese art
 Chinese folk art
 Chinese paper cutting
 History of origami

Notes and references

External links

 "Origami" at chine-culture.com. Retrieved October 9, 2016.

Paper folding
Paper folding
Category:Origami
Category:Paper art
Category:Paper folding
Category:Papermaking in China


Aprilia SL 750 Shiver

The Aprilia Shiver 750 is a naked bike manufactured by Italian motorcycle manufacturer Aprilia. The motorcycle incorporates the first Ride by Wire Technology on a production motorcycle and a 90° V-twin engine.

The Shiver is also available as a partially faired option known as the Shiver 750 GT, which was launched in 2009.
The instrument panel features comprehensive gauges including a gear indicator.  The 'Ride by Wire' electronic throttle has three available power settings, referred to as Sport, Touring and Rain.  Sport mode is normal, with maximum power and torque; Touring mode scales back the responsiveness; Rain mode reduces torque by 25%.

References

External links

SL750
Category:Standard motorcycles
Category:Motorcycles introduced in 2009


Nairobi Stima F.C.

Nairobi Stima is an association football club based in Nairobi, Kenya. The club currently competes in the Kenyan National Super League.

History
Manager George Owoko led Nairobi Stima to an undefeated first half of the season in 2018–19, but was suspended by management in April 2019 and left the club that June. Assistant coach Evans Mafuta took over as manager.

Stima finished 3rd in 2019 and qualified for the promotion/relegation playoff, but lost to top flight Posta Rangers 3–2 on aggregate and remained in the second division. Nairobi Stima only lost two league matches that year, but missed out on promotion by goal difference to Kisumu All Stars.

Seasons

Source: RSSSF; 2017 Soccerway

Stadium
The team currently plays its home games at the 15,000-capacity Nairobi City Stadium.

References

External links

Category:Kenyan National Super League clubs
Category:FKF Division One clubs
Category:Football clubs in Kenya


Isao Takahata

was a Japanese film director, screenwriter and producer. In 1985, he co-founded Studio Ghibli with his long-time collaborative partner Hayao Miyazaki and Miyazaki's collaborators Toshio Suzuki and Yasuyoshi Tokuma. Takahata earned international critical acclaim for his work as a director of anime films, among them Grave of the Fireflies (1988), Only Yesterday (1991), Pom Poko (1994), and My Neighbors the Yamadas (1999). His last film as director was The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (2013), which was nominated for an Oscar in the category of Best Animated Feature Film at the 87th Academy Awards.

Life and career

Early career
Takahata was born in Ujiyamada (now Ise), Mie Prefecture, Japan, on October 29, 1935, as the youngest of seven siblings and third son in the family. His father, Asajiro Takahata (1888–1984), was a junior high school principal, who became the education chief of Okayama prefecture after the war. On June 29, 1945, when Takahata was nine years old, he and his family survived a major United States air raid on Okayama City.

Takahata graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1959 with a degree in French literature. During this time at the school, he had seen the French film Le Roi et l'Oiseau (The King and the Mockingbird), which led him to become interested in animation. Takahata was more interested in animation as a medium, and wanted to write and direct for animated works rather than create animations himself. A friend suggested he apply for a directing job at Toei Animation; Takahata passed their entrance exam, and was hired as an assistant director for several of Toei's animated television shows and films—including Wolf Boy Ken, on which he was mentored by Yasuo Ōtsuka. Ōtsuka eventually asked Takahata to direct an animated feature film of his own; his directorial debut was The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun (1968). Ōtsuka served as Animation Director on the film, while another Toei employee, Hayao Miyazaki, served as key animator. Though it would later be recognized as one of the first defining works of modern Japanese animation, the film was a commercial failure, and Takahata was demoted.

Unable to further improve his standing at Toei, Takahata left the studio in 1971, along with Miyazaki and Yōichi Kotabe. Takahata and Miyazaki came up with the idea of creating an animated feature film based on the stories of Pippi Longstocking. They developed the idea along with "A Production", an animated studio formed by another former Toei animator, Daikichiro Kusube (the company became Shin-Ei Animation). Takahata and Miyazaki had developed a number of storyboards and had flown out to Sweden for location shots, to meet with the books' author, Astrid Lindgren, and secure the rights for the character. However they could not reach an agreement with the rightsholders, and were forced to drop the project. Takahata and Miyazaki remained collaborators in several other animation projects through the 1970s, including taking over production of the anime series Lupin the Third Part I at Ōtsuka's request, due to its poor ratings. They also made Panda! Go, Panda! for TMS around this time, which utilized some of the designs and concepts developed for the Longstocking project.

Not long afterward, Takahata, Kotabe, and Miyazaki were approached by the studio Zuiyo Enterprise to create an animated series based on the novel Heidi, which resulted in Heidi, Girl of the Alps (this also incorporated some of their work from the Pippi Longstocking concept). The animation production section of Zuiyo was established as a subsidiary company named Zuiyo Eizo, later becoming Nippon Animation, which Takahata and Miyazaki joined. Takahata continued to work at Nippon for about a decade; his work there included a World Masterpiece Theater adaptation of Anne of Green Gables in 1979, another project which had thematic similarities with the Pippi Longstocking concept.

Around 1981, Takahata left Nippon to join Telecom Animation Film Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of Tokyo Movie Shinsha or TMS Entertainment), where he led production of an animated feature based on the manga Jarinko Chie, and a subsequent television spinoff. Around 1982, Telecom came up with the idea of an animated feature film Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland which adapted the Little Nemo comic, which was to feature joint direction between Japanese and American animation techniques. While both Takahata and Miyazaki were originally involved, they opted to leave the project and Telecom itself due to discord between the Japanese and American project directions.

Studio Ghibli
Concurrent to these events, Miyazaki had made his own directorial debut in the Lupin III feature film The Castle of Cagliostro in 1979, which was a critical success. Inspired by this, Miyazaki then began developing his own manga, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, and directing its 1984 film adaption, which also was commercially and critically successful. Miyazaki approached Takahata with the idea of co-founding their own animation studio based on the success of Nausicaä; Studio Ghibli was subsequently formed in 1985 by Miyazaki, Takahata, and Miyazaki's collaborators Toshio Suzuki and Yasuyoshi Tokuma.

The studio primarily released animated feature films that were directed by Miyazaki, with Takahata serving as producer or in other roles. Takahata did direct several Studio Ghibli films as well. His first, Grave of the Fireflies, released in 1988, was based on the semi-autobiographical short story of the same name written by Akiyuki Nosaka, but Takahata was also partially inspired by his own experiences from the bombing of Okayama City. Grave of the Fireflies received critical acclaim for its emotional impact and anti-war themes, and is considered the film that established the international esteem of Studio Ghibli. Other Ghibli films which Takahata served as director included Only Yesterday (1991) and Pom Poko (1994). In addition to directing and producing, he also served as music director for Miyazaki's Kiki's Delivery Service (1989).

Later life and death
Takahata announced that he would direct one last film for Studio Ghibli, The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (Kaguya-hime no Monogatari, 2013), around the same time that Miyazaki also announced his plans to retire from the studio. "Someday we should make a Japanese Heidi", Takahata and Miyazaki had both agreed after making Heidi noting its similarities to the Princess Kaguya story. Heidi's carefree depiction, Takahata had told one journalist, "stems from my ideal image of what a child should be like". When the film arrived in Western markets the following year, it was nominated for the Best Animated Feature at the 87th Academy Awards. Takahata continued to work at Ghibli, serving as an artistic producer for The Red Turtle (2016), the first feature film of Dutch animator and director Michaël Dudok de Wit in collaboration with Ghibli. The film premiered in September 2016.

Takahata had been diagnosed with lung cancer, and died on April 5, 2018, at a hospital in Tokyo, at the age of 82. On May 15, 2018, a farewell ceremony for Takahata was held at the Ghibli Museum in Tokyo. Hayao Miyazaki publicly spoke for the first time about Takahata's death, saying "I was convinced that Paku-san [Takahata's nickname] would live to be 95 years old, but he unfortunately passed away. It makes me think my time is also limited...Thank you, Paku-san."

Influences and style
Takahata was influenced by the works of Paul Grimault, a French animator, as well as French New Wave directors, including Jean-Luc Godard. He was also influenced by French-born Canadian director Frédéric Back, including his works Crac and The Man Who Planted Trees. He felt it was important to be able to achieve trompe-l'œil, the illusion of three dimensions using a two-dimensional medium.

Takahata's films had a major influence on Hayao Miyazaki, prompting animator Yasuo Ōtsuka to suggest that Miyazaki learned his sense of social responsibility from Takahata and that without him, Miyazaki would probably have been interested in comic book material. As with Miyazaki, Takahata and Michel Ocelot were great admirers of each other's work. Ocelot names Takahata's Grave of the Fireflies and Pom Poko among his favorite films.

TV works

Filmography

References

Further reading

External links
 Takahata information at nausicaa.net
 GhibliWorld.com: a Personal Conversation with Isao Takahata

 Isao Takahata anime at Media Arts Database

Category:1935 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Anime directors
Category:Japanese animators
Category:Japanese film directors
Category:People from Ise, Mie
Category:Topcraft
Category:Studio Ghibli people
Category:University of Tokyo alumni
Category:World Masterpiece Theater series
Category:Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Deaths from cancer in Japan


Onna Tachiguishi-Retsuden

Onna Tachiguishi-Retsuden () taglined Ketsune korokke no Ogin: Paresuchina shitō hen (), is a live-action short movie directed by Japanese filmmaker Mamoru Oshii.

Title
The original title translates in English as Female Fast Food Grifter: Foxy Croquette O-Gin ~Struggle to Death in Palestine~.

Short
This live action film is a spinoff episode of the anime feature film Tachigui: The Amazing Lives of the Fast Food Grifters released in April 2006. It focuses on a female Fast Food Grifter known as Foxy Croquette.

The premium edition was available as a DVD (24 minutes) bundled with the first issue of Monthly Comic Ryu ("月刊 Comic リュウ"). The disc was inserted in a paperboard package.

The magazine's first issue coincides with the release of the video edition of Tachiguishi-Retsuden in Japan.

On December 22, 2006 the short film was re-released in a regular DVD case and made available in stores. This retail edition features 39 minutes of extra material (Making Of featurette and a Mamoru Oshii interview) and a different disc serigraphy using the new cover artwork.

The first print contains a pair of collector wooden chopsticks, as a reference to the one used by the female Fast Food Grifter in the movie. Customers ordering from the distributor's official online shop can get an extra pair of chopsticks. This limited edition uses the original movie's own colors blue/yellow, while the regular package is designed after the short, i.e. black/red.

Kerberos saga

Overview
This short film is a spinoff of the Tachiguishi-Retsuden anime. The tachiguishi characters first appeared in a 1984 episode of the anime television series Urusei Yatsura titled Hisatsu! Tachigui Wars!! (#122). Mako Hyodo first played as Foxy Croquette O-Gin / Young Lady (shōjo) in the 1987 live-action film The Red Spectacles.

Tachiguishi

As tachigui professionals, the legendary Fast Food Grifters have the privilege to eat in stand-and-eat street restaurants without paying.

Prequel (2004)

Tachiguishi-Retsuden is a novel written by Mamoru Oshii. In 2006, the Japanese director adapted his novel on screen in a self-titled anime mockumentary.

Story

Plot
This short spinoff relates the adventures of Foxy Croquette O-Gin after she mysteriously disappeared from Nagatachō, Tokyo, as seen in Tachiguishi-Retsuden. She actually left Japan after the incident that occurred during the demonstration against the 1960 Japan-USA Security Treaty (Anpo) renewal, to move in the Middle East and fight there as a guerrilla.

Palestine guerrilla turned Foxy Croquette O-Gin, aka AK Ginko, could be the mysterious Young Lady of Fate (少女, shōjo) featured in The Red Spectacles as both characters are performed by Japanese model and actor, Mako Hyodo which is dressed like Little Red Riding Hood in both films.

Characters

Foxy Croquette O-Gin
Gichio Otsuka
Futoshi Murayama

Production

Cast
Mako Hyodo - Foxy Croquette O-Gin / AK Ginko (ケツネコロッケのお銀 / AKの銀子) - Mako Hyodo is arguably Oshii's favourite collaborator actress. She plays in half his live-action films including Talking Head and she did dubbing in some of his anime as well (MiniPato).
Gichi Otsuka - Gichio Otsuka (大塚ギチ男)
Ali Daei - Futoshi Murayama (村山太)

Staff
Original work, script, direction: Mamoru Oshii
Production, photography, edit: Hiroaki Yuasa
Music: Kenji Kawai
Sound production: Kazuhiro Wakabayashi
Gun effect supervisor: Kikuo Osatomi

References
Notes

Sources
 GA Graphic official website (Japanese)
 Monthly Comic Ryu official website (Japanese)
 Elley, Derek. "Eat and Run: 6 Beautiful Grifters". Variety.com. August 25, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2010.

External links
 Kerberos saga official website (Japanese)
 Distributor Tlip's official product details (TLPD-0029) (Japanese)

Category:Japanese films
Category:Japanese-language films
Category:2006 films
Category:Japanese short films
Category:Japanese independent films
Category:Kerberos saga
Category:2000s short films
Category:Films directed by Mamoru Oshii


Jericho Covered Bridge

The Jericho Covered Bridge is a Burr arch through truss wooden covered bridge near Jerusalem, Harford County and Kingsville, Baltimore County, in Maryland, United States and near historic Jerusalem Mill Village. The bridge was constructed in 1865 across the Little Gunpowder Falls. This  bridge is  long and  wide and is open to traffic.

The Jericho Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

There are also rumors the bridge is 'haunted' by the ghosts of civil war soldiers. The bridge is believed to be a site where former Civil War soldiers committed suicide.

Renovations
Renovations were made to the original bridge in 1937 and 1982. The bridge also underwent renovations during the summer of 2015.

See also
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland

References

External links

Jericho Covered Bridge in Baltimore County and Harford County Maryland
, including photo in 1983, at Maryland Historical Trust

Category:Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Category:Covered bridges in Maryland
Category:Wooden bridges in Maryland
Category:Bridges in Baltimore County, Maryland
Category:Bridges in Harford County, Maryland
Category:Road bridges in Maryland
Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore County, Maryland
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Harford County, Maryland
Category:Burr Truss bridges in the United States


Ann Breen

Ann Breen is an Irish vocalist who is best known for her single "Pal of my Cradle Days". The track was released on the Homespun label and entered the Top 100 UK singles charts on 19 February 1983, and rose to a high of number 69; it only remained in the charts (Top 75) for one week.
The song spent an unusually lengthy time in the "bubbling under" section of the chart throughout 1983, and into early 1984 - a total of 17 weeks.

It re-entered the Top 75 once again on 7 January 1984, and reached number 74 - again, it appeared in the main chart for only one week.

References

External links
Ann Breen Official Website

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Irish pop singers
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)