Darryl Sutter

Darryl John Sutter (born August 19, 1958) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey coach and player. He was most recently head coach of the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL), with whom he won two Stanley Cup titles. He is one of seven Sutter brothers, six of whom made the NHL (Brent, Brian, Darryl, Duane, Rich and Ron); all but Rich and Gary (the seventh Sutter brother) worked alongside Darryl in some capacity during Darryl Sutter's tenure with the Calgary Flames. Sutter has also coached for the San Jose Sharks and the Chicago Blackhawks, the latter of which he spent his entire NHL playing career with, from 1979 to 1987.

Playing career
As a player, Sutter spent five years in the minor leagues, including a year in Japan, where he was named rookie of the year. He stands 5 foot 11 inches and his playing weight was 176 pounds. Sutter was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks at the 1978 NHL Entry Draft in the 11th round, 179th overall. In his NHL career, he suited up only for the Blackhawks and scored 279 points (161 goals and 118 assists) in 406 career regular season games, in addition to 43 points (24 goals and 19 assists) in 51 Stanley Cup playoff games. His last season as a player was in 1986–87.

Coaching career

Chicago Blackhawks and San Jose Sharks
Sutter began his coaching career in the International Hockey League (IHL), where he coached the Saginaw Hawks and led the Indianapolis Ice to the Turner Cup as League champions.

He was the head coach of the Chicago Blackhawks for three seasons and also served as Chicago's assistant coach in 1987–88 and as associate coach from 1990 to 1992. He led Chicago to a first-place finish in the Norris Division—and the best record in the Campbell Conference—in 1992–93 with a 47–25–12 record (106 points), only to be swept in the opening round by the St. Louis Blues, which featured his brother Rich on the team. In the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season, he led Chicago to the Western Conference Finals. Following the 1994–95 season, he stepped down as coach of the Blackhawks to return home to the family farm in Viking, Alberta. The decision was largely made out of necessity for him to be with his son, Christopher, who has Down syndrome.

After a two-year hiatus from coaching, Sutter returned to the NHL in 1997–98 season as head coach of the San Jose Sharks, coaching the team until being relieved of his duties on December 1, 2002, just 24 games into the 2002–03 season.

Calgary Flames
On December 28, 2002, four weeks after he was fired by San Jose, Sutter was named head coach of the Calgary Flames, replacing Greg Gilbert, who had been fired by Calgary on December 3. In April 2003, with Calgary already out of contention of a 2003 playoff spot and then-General Manager Craig Button's contract expiring, the Flames added the title of GM to Sutter's job responsibilities.

In the 2003–04 season, his first full season in Calgary, Sutter led the Flames to a 42–30–7–3 record and the organization's first trip to the playoffs in seven seasons. En route to the Stanley Cup Finals, where Calgary ultimately lost in seven games to the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Flames defeated three higher-ranked opponents in the Western Conference playoff bracket—the Vancouver Canucks, Detroit Red Wings and San Jose Sharks. Sutter and the Flames were unable to build upon their surprise success, however, as the entire following season, 2004–05, was cancelled due to a lockout.

On July 12, 2006, Sutter stepped down as head coach of the Flames. He has said that he found it difficult to handle the jobs of both head coach and GM of the Flames. Sutter compiled a 107–73–26 record in two-plus seasons behind the Calgary bench. The Flames promoted Jim Playfair as Sutter's replacement, but after a first-round loss to Detroit in 2006–07, Sutter hired Mike Keenan as head coach, with Playfair stepping back into an associate coaching role. Keenan was then fired a month after the Flames were eliminated from the 2008–09 playoffs by Chicago. Brent Sutter, former coach of the New Jersey Devils, was selected as the new Flames coach in June 2009. On December 28, 2010, Sutter resigned as the general manager of the Flames.

Los Angeles Kings
On December 17, 2011, the Los Angeles Kings hired Sutter mid-season as the team's new head coach after the dismissal of Terry Murray. Sutter's first game with the Kings was a December 22, 2011, shootout victory over the rival Anaheim Ducks. He led the Kings to a 25–13–11 mark in 49 games, finished third in the Pacific Division, and entered the 2012 playoffs as the eighth and last seed in the Western Conference. In the playoffs, the team beat the first seed Vancouver Canucks, second seed St. Louis Blues and third seed Phoenix Coyotes to advance to the Stanley Cup Final, the only team to accomplish that feat in the 119-year history of the Finals. The Kings then went on to defeat New Jersey four games to two to give Los Angeles its first Stanley Cup championship in its 45-year history. The Kings set several records during the playoffs, including winning ten-straight games on the road and being the first team to go three games to zero in each of their playoff series.

Sutter and the Kings later won another Stanley Cup in the 2013–14 season, playing 26 playoff games, the most ever for a Cup champion. The Kings also became only the fourth team in NHL history to come back from down three games to zero in a series after shocking the San Jose Sharks in the Western Conference Quarterfinals. Los Angeles then went on to defeat Anaheim and Chicago, both in seven-game series. On June 13, 2014, the Kings beat the New York Rangers in five games to win their second Stanley Cup in three years.

Despite posting a 40–27–15 record in the 2014–15 season, Sutter and the Kings missed the 2015 playoffs by four points, becoming the first team since the 2006–07 Carolina Hurricanes to miss the playoffs entirely after winning the Stanley Cup the previous year, and only the fourth in NHL history.

On April 10, 2017, Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), owner of the Los Angeles Kings, relieved Sutter of his coaching duties after the Kings missed the playoffs for the second season in three years.

On June 20, 2018, Darryl Sutter announced his retirement from coaching and returned to life as a full-time rancher.

Personal life
Sutter and his wife Wanda have three children, Brett, Jessie and Christopher. In addition to his NHL responsibilities, Sutter also owns and maintains a 3,000 acre farm in Viking, Alberta, raising beef cattle. In February 1997, during his hiatus from coaching, Sutter fell from a height of 12 feet while doing repairs on the farm and suffered a skull fracture and a broken shoulder blade.

Career statistics

Head coaching record

NHL

IHL

See also
 Captain (ice hockey)
 List of NHL head coaches
 Notable families in the NHL

References

External links

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Darryl
Category:Turner Cup champions


Disappearance of Jonelle Matthews

Jonelle Matthews was a 12-year-old girl, who disappeared on December 20, 1984. She remained missing for 34 years, until her remains were discovered on July 24, 2019 by workers constructing a new pipeline.

Disappearance
Jonelle was a member of the Franklin Middle School Choir, which performed at IntraWest Bank of Denver in the evening of December 20, 1984. Jonelle's father was at his other daughter's basketball game. Jonelle's mother had flown east to be with Jonelle's grandfather, who was ill. At 8:15 PM, Jonelle arrived at her home in Greeley, Colorado, after getting a ride from her friend DeeAnn Ross and DeeAnn's father. Shortly after 8:30 PM, Jonelle answered a phone call and took a message for her father. That phone call was the last time anyone heard from Jonelle.

Her father arrived home at 9:30 PM and found the garage door open, but no one was home, although Jonelle's shoes and a shawl were near a heater in the family room, where Jonelle often sat. Jonelle's sister got home at 10:00 PM, but had not seen her. Their father began to worry, and called police. The police arrived at 10:15 PM. They found footprints in the snow, indicating that someone had been looking in the windows. There were no signs of a struggle or of forced entry. With snow on the ground, her father thought it unlikely that she would go far without shoes.

Family
Jonelle Matthews lived at 320, 43rd Avenue Court in Greeley, Colorado (coordinates ) with her adoptive parents Jim and Gloria Matthews, and her older sister Jennifer. Her father was the principal of Platte Valley Elementary School (coordinates ) in Kersey, Colorado.

For several weeks after the disappearance, the police placed Jonelle's birth mother Terri Vierra-Martinez under surveillance, without ever telling her that her daughter had gone missing. Ten years later and after Jonelle was declared legally dead, Gloria received a letter from the birth mother, requesting permission to visit the child she gave up for adoption, something Jonelle always wanted. The birth mother had used a search consultant to help locate the child. The adoptive parents notified the birth mother about what happened, and the families became friends.

Jim and Gloria Matthews, retired and moved to Costa Rica. Jonelle's older sister moved to Washington state, living under the name  Jennifer Morgensen.

Public interest
The disappearance attracted public interest, including the president and members of congress. President Ronald Reagan mentioned Jonelle Matthews in a speech on March 7, 1985, in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building.  She was mentioned in the Congressional Record for the United States House of Representatives on April 2, 1985, page 7224. In 2010, the Greeley Tribune published another summary of the missing child—still not found. As recently as 2018, Greeley Police have been re-contacting witnesses and applying the latest forensic advances to learn what happened to Jonelle.  She appears in the International Center for Unidentified and Missing Persons' database.

A chokecherry tree was planted nearly 30 years ago in front of Franklin Middle School. The tree is now gone, along with a plaque inscribed with Jonelle's name.

Discovery of Remains
After almost 35 years, excavators installing a pipeline discovered human remains at 4:50 PM on Tuesday, July 23, 2019 near the intersection of county roads 34.5 and 49, at coordinates , about  southeast of Jonelle's home. Based on DNA evidence, the Weld County Coroner’s Office positively identified the remains as Jonelle Matthews.  the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has not released any information about how Matthews might have died, but have stated that the case is being treated as a homicide. Authorities are searching historical records to determine who owned or lived on the land where the remains were found.

On September 13, 2019, Greeley Police Department announced a "person of interest" of Jonelle Matthew's abduction and murder. The person of interest is named, Steve Pankey, who ran for governor in Idaho in 2014 and 2018, and for lieutenant governor in 2010. His home in Colorado was searched under a warrant that stated investigators had probable cause to believe that Pankey abducted and murdered the girl that night. Pankey and his former wife lived only 2 miles away from the Matthews home where Jonelle was last seen. Greeley Police Commander Roy Smith stated that Pankey “had made repeated efforts to speak with detectives” about the Matthews case. But after detectives traveled to Twin Falls Idaho on August 15, 2019, Pankey refused to answer questions. Commander Smith stated Pankey has not been charged with Jonelle’s murder, but he is being investigated in relation to her death.

See also
List of solved missing persons cases

References

Category:1984 in Colorado
Category:1980s missing person cases
Category:December 1984 events in the United States
Category:Child abduction
Category:Crime victims
Category:Formerly missing people found dead
Category:Greeley, Colorado
Category:Missing American children
Category:Missing person cases in Colorado


Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 568 U.S. 78 (2013), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Natural Resources Defense Council and Santa Monica Baykeeper challenged the Los Angeles County Flood Control District (District) for violating the terms of its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit as shown in water quality measurements from monitoring stations within the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers. The Supreme Court, by a unanimous 9-0 vote, reversed and remanded the Ninth Circuit's ruling on the grounds that the flow of water from an improved portion of a navigable waterway into an unimproved portion of the same waterway does not qualify as a "discharge of a pollutant" under the Clean Water Act.

Parties

Los Angeles County Flood Control District
The Los Angeles County Flood Control District is the petitioner in this particular case. The district was established upon adoption of the Los Angeles County Flood Control Act in 1915, after a disastrous regional flood occurred. The district's primary purpose is to provide flood protection, water conservation, recreation, and aesthetic enhancement within its boundaries. As of 1985, the responsibilities and authority of the district were transferred to the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. The Flood Control District encompasses more than 3,000 square miles and 85 cities in Southern California. It includes approximately 500 miles of open channel, 2,800 miles of underground storm drainage pipelines, and an estimated 120,000 catch basins.

Natural Resources Defense Council
The Natural Resources Defense Council and Santa Monica Baykeeper are the respondent. The Natural Resources Defense Council is a nationwide environmental action group consisting of over 1.3 million members and over 350 lawyers, scientists and other professionals.  Santa Monica Baykeeper is a non-profit organization that aims to protect and restore the Santa Monica Bay, San Pedro Bay and adjacent waters through enforcement, field work, and community action.

Background
The district operates a "municipal separate storm sewer system" (MS4), which is a conveyance or a system of conveyances that collects and transports stormwater runoff into waters of the U.S. The district's MS4 transports stormwater through rivers and channels flowing to the Pacific Ocean. Because stormwater is often heavily polluted from various non-point sources, the Clean Water Act and its implementing regulations require certain MS4s to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit before discharging stormwater into navigable waters. Between 2002 and 2008, monitoring stations in the Los Angeles River, San Gabriel River, Santa Clara River, and Malibu Creek continually detected water pollution levels that exceeded its MS4 permit in its stormwater channel system.  Some of the pollution levels exceeded included high levels of aluminum, copper, cyanide, fecal coliform bacteria, and zinc.

Prior cases

District court opinion
In 2008, the Natural Resources Defense Council and Santa Monica Baykeeper (collectively NRDC) filed a citizen-enforcement action against the district and county in the Central District of California, and alleged that the district violated the NPDES permit and the Clean Water Act. NRDC sought to impose liability on the district for its permit violations in four rivers: the Los Angeles River, San Gabriel River, Santa Clara River, and Malibu Creek.  The district argued that this issue was resolved by the court's earlier decision in the South Florida Water Management Dist. v. Miccosukee Tribe (541 U.S. 95) case, which determined that transferring water within a single water body does not constitute a "discharge." The district court initially denied summary judgment because the evidence did not clearly show whether the standards-exceeding pollutant had been discharged through the district's MS4. Thus, the district court concluded that NRDC failed to show whether there had been a "discharge" from a "point source" within the statutory meanings of those terms. The district court granted summary judgment to the district on these claims and concluded that the record was insufficient to warrant a finding that the MS4 had discharged stormwater containing the pollutants detected at the downstream monitoring stations.

South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians

In this 2004 U.S. Supreme Court case, the Miccosukee Tribe challenged the South Florida Water Management District on an issue related to the operation of a new pump station that transferred water from a concrete canal to a large undeveloped wetland area as part of the Central and South Florida Flood Control Project. During rain events, stormwater collected in the canal contained contaminants such as phosphorus and fertilizers from agricultural and urban land uses. The district impounded water in the wetland area, a remnant of the original South Florida Everglades, to conserve fresh water that might otherwise flow directly to the ocean and to preserve wetland habitat. When water levels in the canal rose above a set level, the pump would transfer water out of the canal and empty the water in the canal. In doing so, the phosphorus-containing the water altered the wetland's ecosystem, which was naturally low in phosphorus, and stimulated the growth of algae and plants that were uncommon in the Everglades ecosystem.

The Miccosukee Tribe filed suit under the Clean Water Act, which prohibits "the discharge of any pollutant by any person" unless done in compliance with the Act. The Tribe claimed that the pump station required an NPDES permit, because it moved phosphorus-laden water from the canal into the wetland area, but the district contended that the pump's operation did not constitute the "discharge of a pollutant" under the Act. The district court granted the Tribe summary judgment, and the Eleventh Circuit affirmed. For the purposes of NPDES permitting requirements, the Government (as an impartial adviser to the district) contended that all water bodies that fall within the Act's definition of "navigable water" (which are defined as "the waters of the U.S.") should be viewed collectively. Since the Act requires NPDES permits only when there is an addition of a pollutant to "navigable waters," this approach implied that such permits are not required when water is transferred from one navigable water, unaltered, into another navigable water body. However, because neither the district nor the Government raised the "unitary waters" approach before the Eleventh Circuit or in their briefs respecting certiori and because some factual issues remained unresolved, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to resolve the unitary waters argument and the case was remanded to the lower court.

Appeals Court opinion

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed in part, finding that the NRDC was entitled to summary judgment on its claims regarding the Los Angeles River and San Gabriel River because the monitoring stations are located within the MS4 owned and operated by the district. The U.S. Court of Appeals held that the district was liable for the discharge of pollutants that occurred when the polluted stormwater detected at the monitoring stations flowed out of the concrete-lined portions of the rivers, where the monitoring stations are located, into lower, unlined portions of the same rivers. However, with regard to the Santa Clara River and Malibu Creek, NRDC failed to provide adequate evidence for the district court to determine if stormwater discharged from the MS4 caused or contributed to exceedances of permitted water quality levels. As such, the NRDC was entitled to summary judgment on the district's liability for discharges into the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers but not the Santa Clara River or Malibu Creek.

Supreme Court decision

Issues
The Clean Water Act regulates discharges of pollutants, including discharges of pollutants from municipal stormwater systems. The petition of a writ of certiorari (filed October 11, 2011) posed two questions to the Supreme Court:

1. Do "navigable waters of the United States" include only "naturally occurring" bodies of water so that construction of engineered channels or other man-made improvements to a river as part of municipal flood and storm control renders the improved portion no longer a "navigable water" under the Clean Water Act?

2. When water flows from one portion of a river that is a navigable water of the United States, through a concrete channel or other engineered improvement in the river constructed for flood and stormwater control as part of a municipal separate storm sewer system, into a lower portion of the same river, can there be a "discharge" from an "outfall" under the Clean Water Act, notwithstanding this Court's holding in South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians, 541 U.S. 95, 105 (2004), that transfer of water within a single body of water cannot constitute a "discharge" for purposes of the Act?

Granting of certiorari
The petition for a writ of certiorari sought to expand the definition of "navigable waters of the United States" to potentially include human engineered improvements, and to also reverse the verdict of the Ninth Circuit based on the Supreme Court's prior ruling in South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians.

On June 25, 2012 the Supreme Court granted certiorari and limited to Question 2 set forth in the initial petition for a writ of certiorari.

The Supreme Court granted the certiorari in order to address the Ninth Circuit's verdict which reversed a previous decision and held that the Los Angeles County Flood Control District was liable due to the discharge of pollutants that occurred when polluted water was detected at the monitoring stations as it flowed out through the concrete channel to unimproved portions of the river. The Supreme Court decided to limit its scope to the latter of the two questions, leaving the first to the lower courts.

Arguments

The case was argued on December 4, 2012 by NRDC senior attorney Aaron Colangelo for respondents and GMSR partner Timothy T. Coates for the petitioner L.A. County. Essentially conceding that the premise upon which the Ninth Circuit's decision was based was incorrect, the NRDC and Baykeeper sought to argue that the exceedances detected at monitoring stations themselves sufficed in establishing the liability of the district under the Clean Water Act for its upstream discharges. NRDC felt that the Court of Appeals came to the correct decision, albeit for the wrong reasons, in their evaluation of the discharge of pollutants from an improved portion to an unimproved portion of the same waters. The NRDC and Baykeeper contended that the exceedances detected at the instream monitoring stations were sufficient to establish the district's liability under the Clean Water Act for upstream discharges. In addition, the NRDC argued that under the terms of the permit, the district had agreed to be severally liable with its co-permittees for any excess pollution in the river picked up by the monitoring stations.

The district sought to argue that under the EPA's 2008 water transfer rule (40 C.F.R. § 122.3(i)) it was not liable for violating its permit. The NRDC, however, pointed out that the water transfer rules did not apply in the cases of MS4s stating that "[m]unicipal separate storm sewer systems...are clearly subject to regulation under the Act. CWA section 402(p)."

The district argued that the issue granted certiorari by the Supreme Court had to be resolved in favor of the district on the basis of previous standing. Again, this point was not in contention on the part of the NRDC. As the first issue upon which the petition for certiorari was not going to be addressed in court, the district sought to argue the alternative monitoring argument that the NRDC was attempting to bring forth. The district argued that the monitoring theory itself was contrary to the Clean Water Act, which imposes liability only where it is shown that a permitee has discharged in violation of permit terms. The Supreme Court ruled that their grant of certiorari was only to evaluate the Court of Appeals ruling as it related to the prior standing and "did not address or indicate any opinion on the issue the NRDC and Baykeeper seek to substitute."

Opinion of the court
The case was argued on December 4, 2012 with a decision being issued on January 8, 2013.

Justice Ginsburg delivered the opinion of the court which held that the flow from an improved portion of a navigable waterway into an unimproved portion of the same waterway does not constitute a "discharge of a pollutant" under the Clean Water Act. This was based on the standing of the South Florida Water Management Dist. v. Miccosukee Tribe. Based on this, the court found that the Ninth Circuit's decision was not in accordance with this hold and reversed and remanded the decision.

Significance of the case
Some environmental groups expressed concern that the U.S. Supreme Court decision inappropriately relied on the Court's past decision on the South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians case. While the Court was asked to determine whether the transfer of water that arguably contained pollutants from one part of a water body into another part of that same water body needed a permit to discharge pollutants in the Miccosukee case, there is no doubt that municipal storm sewers need permits to discharge into rivers in the Los Angeles Flood Control District v. NRDC case. Outside parties asserted that the two situations have nothing in common.

In general, several parties believe that the U.S. Supreme Court's decision is narrow in its scope, and questioned why the Supreme Court had decided to hear the case rather than just reverse the Ninth Circuit's decision. However, the reversal of the Ninth Circuit's judgment against the Los Angeles County Flood Control District in the case implies that local water quality advocates will continue to pressure the local regulator, the Regional Water Quality Control Board, to ensure that the new municipal stormwater permit effectively implements its water quality improvement measures.

Additionally, while the Supreme Court decided against addressing the first question raised in the certiorari, if it had been addressed, it would have further defined "navigable waters" under the Clean Water Act.

Some observers of the case contend that there are additional lessons that can be taken from the Supreme Court case. By not defending the decision made by the Ninth Circuit, the NRDC was able to steer the Court's attention to more plausible grounds in an effort to keep the case alive for a remand.

References

External links

Category:2013 in California
Category:2013 in Los Angeles
Category:2013 in the environment
Category:2013 in United States case law
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Category:United States Supreme Court cases
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Gary Padjen

Gary Anthony Padjen (born July 2, 1958) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Baltimore Colts and Indianapolis Colts. He played college football at Arizona State University.

Early years
Padjen attended Kearns High School, where he practiced football and track. In football, he was a member of two unbeaten teams. As a senior, he was one of the team's captains and received All-State honors at defensive tackle.

He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University. As a freshman, he was a backup at middle guard. As a sophomore, he was converted into a linebacker and was named the starter at middle linebacker.

As a junior, he ranked sixth on the team in tackles. As a senior, he developed a reputation as one of the hardest hitters on the team and ranked first with 123 tackles.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Padjen was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the 11th round (300th overall) of the 1980 NFL Draft. He was waived on August 25.

Washington Redskins
On April 6, 1981, he was signed as a free agent by the Washington Redskins. He was released on August 27.

Baltimore Colts / Indianapolis Colts
On March 20, 1982, he was signed as a free agent by the Baltimore Colts, reuniting with his former college head coach Frank Kush. He started 3 contests at inside linebacker during the strike shortened season. He missed the game against the Miami Dolphins with an ankle injury.

Padjen played mainly on special teams. In 1984, the franchise moved to Indianapolis and he was named the special teams captain. He was released on August 27, 1985.

On February 24, 1986, he signed a contract with the Arizona Outlaws of the United States Football League, reuniting with his former college head coach Frank Kush. He did not have an opportunity to play, after the league folded before the start of the season.

In 1987, after the NFLPA strike was declared on the third week of the season, those contests were canceled (reducing the 16 game season to 15) and the NFL decided that the games would be played with replacement players. On September 24, Padjen was signed to be a part of the Colts replacement team. He played in one game, before suffering a thigh injury. He announced his retirement on October 19.

References

Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Salt Lake City
Category:Players of American football from Utah
Category:American football linebackers
Category:Arizona State Sun Devils football players
Category:Baltimore Colts players
Category:Indianapolis Colts players
Category:National Football League replacement players


Andenes Church

Andenes Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Andøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is located in the village of Andenes on the northern tip of the island of Andøya.  It is one of the churches for the Andøy parish which is part of the Vesterålen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.  The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1876 by the architect Ingebrigt Julin.  The church seats about 400 people.

History
The oldest existing historical records of the church date back to 1589, although the church was not new at that time.  Some of inventory of the church dates back to the late 1400s.  A church on the site was demolished in 1600 and a new replacement was consecrated in 1607. After more than a century, that church was replaced in 1734. After about 150 years (in 1876), that building was torn down and replaced by a new church (the present church) which was built in a new part of the village, about  southeast of where all the previous churches had been located.  This building was consecrated on 30 June 1876 by the Bishop Waldemar Hvoslef.

Media gallery

See also
List of churches in Sør-Hålogaland

References

Category:Andøy
Category:Churches in Nordland
Category:Wooden churches in Norway
Category:19th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Category:Churches completed in 1876
Category:16th-century establishments in Norway


Tomio Tashiro

is a Japanese former Nippon Professional Baseball player.

External links

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Odawara
Category:Baseball people from Kanagawa Prefecture
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Category:Nippon Professional Baseball coaches


Sahibzada Aftab Ahmad Khan

Sahibzada Aftab Ahmad Khan (March 1867 – January 1930) was an attorney and educator. He was a former Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University.

Early life
He was born  in  1867  Kunjpura, Karnal district, Punjab Province, British India  (now  Karnal, Haryana), the son of Nawab Ghulam Ahmad Khan who was a member of Gwalior Council of Regency in the Gwalior State.

Sahibzada studied at Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College from 1878 until 1890. He attended Christ’s College at Cambridge University, and was appointed Bar-at-Law from the Inner Temple in London before his return to India in 1894. Khan made Aligarh his home and became a practicing attorney.

Career

Sir Syed recognized Khan’s attachment to the College and in 1897 appointed him Trustee Later that year he was appointed Professor of Law in the college. After Sir Syed’s death in 1898, Khan’s involvement with the college deepened. He organized the Sir Syed memorial fund to raise the college to a University.

From 1905 to 1917 Sahibzada actively served the Mohammadan Education Conference as its Joint Secretary. In 1923 he became its president.

Khan was instrumental in establishing students’ voluntary organization, the Anjuman Al-farz or Duty Society. The duty was a student initiative. Its purpose was to collect funds to enable poor students to come to Aligarh and to promote the interest of the college within the Indian Muslim community and the country as a whole.

Khan was Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1924 to December 1926. Although he was persuaded to continue for a further term of three years, he  declined the offer due to ill health. Most buildings and hostels after Sir Syed’s death were constructed under his supervision, which gives the campus its charm.

He died on 18 January 1930 and was buried in the ground of the Ahmadi School for the Blind that he had established in Memory of his father. After his death, the A.M.U. old Boys’ Association decided to construct a Hall of residence in his memory in 1932 and in recognition of his valuable contribution named a Hall as Aftab Hall.

References

Category:1867 births
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Halay (song)

"Halay"  was the Turkish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984, performed in Turkish by Beş Yıl Önce, On Yıl Sonra.

The song was performed fifteenth on the night (following Germany's Mary Roos with "Aufrecht geh'n" and preceding Finland's Kirka with "Hengaillaan"). At the close of voting, it had received 37 points, placing 12th in a field of 19.

The song is about Halay (typical dance in Turkey and Middle East), the band sings that they dance and sing with much love and don't look upon foreigners as strangers.

It was succeeded as Turkish representative in the 1985 Contest by MFÖ singing "Aşık oldum (Didai didai dai)". However, this song was not quite as well received.

Sources

This article is based on information from http://www.diggiloo.net/?1984tr (retrieved at March 3, 2009

External links
 Information about lyrics, band, etc.

Category:Eurovision songs of Turkey
Category:Eurovision songs of 1984
Category:Turkish-language songs
Category:1984 songs


Cabra Island Lighthouse

The Cabra Island Lighthouse is a historic lighthouse built on Cabra Island, the north-westernmost of the Lubang group of islands in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines.  International vessels entering the Philippines from South China Sea were welcomed by the Cabra Light and directed either towards Manila Bay or the center of the archipelago through Verde Island Passage, one of busiest sea routes of the Philippines.

History
The lighthouse of Cabra was the first completed during Spain's revitalized program of lighthouse construction in the Philippines.  Construction was started on May 3, 1885, and it was first lit on March 1, 1889.  It was also the first of the five first-order lighthouses built by the Spaniards in the latter part of their colonization of the archipelago.

Description
The original light, visible for , was shown from a  high square tower on the west angle of the station.  It is visible around the entire horizon except where obscured by Lubang and Ambil Islands.

Current condition
The original lighthouse was replaced by the Philippine Coast Guard with a new solar-powered tower located next to the previous tower under its Maritime Safety Improvement Project.  After the replacement, the lighthouse was abandoned and left open for thieves and vandals.  The expensive first-order lens were vandalized with the large front Fresnel lenses all gone.  The original bronze marker were stolen by thieves and is now replaced by the locals with a white board with the original inscriptions.  The roof of the keeper's house and utility rooms have since collapsed. The lighthouse is closed to visitors due to its dilapidated state.

See also

 List of lighthouses in the Philippines

References

External links
 Maritime Safety Services Command
Cabra Island Light on Lighthouse Depot
A Cabra Island Lighthouse page from Lubang Island Website

Category:Lighthouses completed in 1889
Category:Lighthouses in the Philippines
Category:Spanish colonial infrastructure in the Philippines
Category:Buildings and structures in Occidental Mindoro


1990 Greek Ice Hockey Championship season

The 1990 Greek Ice Hockey Championship season was the second season of the Greek Ice Hockey Championship. The Aris Saloniki Penguins won the league title for the second consecutive season.

External links
List of champions on icehockey.gr

Category:Greek Ice Hockey Championship seasons
Greek
Ice


Percut Sei Tuan

Percut Sei Tuan is a town and district of Deli Serdang Regency in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The population of the town in 2001 was 17,863.  It is the district capital of the Percut Sei Tuan district, which at the 2010 Census had a population of 384,672.

Percut Sei Tuan District
The district, which is one of the most populated districts in Indonesia, is composed of twenty 'villages' (most of which are suburban to the city of Medan), set out below with their populations at the 2010 Census:

References

External links
 Indonesian Ministry of Public Works Website

Category:Sumatra
Category:Populated places in North Sumatra


Dog in the Sand

Dog in the Sand, Frank Black's third album with backing group the Catholics, was released by the Cooking Vinyl record label in 2001, and was produced by Nick Vincent.  The album was generally met with favorable reviews.  Though retaining the live-to-two-track method of recording of the previous two albums, this album found the band branching away from purely electric rock to incorporate acoustic guitar, pedal steel, and Rhodes Piano and Wurlitzer organ into the sonic template.

The album was initially released by the What Are Records? label in 2001, and was reissued by SpinART in 2003.

Track listing
All songs written by Frank Black.

"Blast Off" – 7:13
"I've Seen Your Picture" – 2:51
"St. Francis Dam Disaster" – 5:02
"Robert Onion" – 4:00
"Stupid Me" – 2:31
"Bullet" – 3:53
"The Swimmer" – 2:48
"Hermaphroditos" – 4:12
"I'll Be Blue" – 3:34
"Llano del Rio" – 4:14
"If It Takes All Night" – 3:19
"Dog in the Sand" – 3:48

2003 reissue bonus tracks
 "Robert Onion" (Acoustic)
 "Blast Off" (Acoustic)
 "Stupid Me" (Acoustic)
 "If It Takes All Night" (Acoustic)

Personnel
 Frank Black – vocals, guitar
 Scott Boutier – drums, vocals
 Eric Drew Feldman – keyboard, vocals
 Rich Gilbert – guitar, pedal steel guitar, keyboards, vocals
 David McCaffery – bass, vocals
 Dave Phillips – guitar, pedal steel guitar, vocals
 Joey Santiago – lead guitar
 Moris Tepper – guitar, banjo, bihuela
 Nick Vincent – percussion
 Billy Bowers – recording engineer

References

Category:2000 albums
Category:Frank Black and the Catholics albums
Category:SpinART Records albums


Europorte Channel

Europorte Channel (formerly Europorte 2) is a rail freight train operator which operates rail freight services between France and the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel.  It is a subsidiary of Eurotunnel's Europorte freight division.

In 2009 Europorte's parent company Eurotunnel acquired the French operations of Veolia Cargo leading to the rebranding of Europorte 2 as Europorte Channel, a subsidiary of the combined Europorte division of the Eurotunnel group.

History

Background
Europorte 2 was founded in 2003. The company was established as an independent rail company, with a remit to expand freight operations around Calais. The company acquired a licence to operate in France in February 2006.

Operations

In June 2007 the Eurotunnel entered into a collaboration with the Port of Dunkirk relating to rail freight traffic through Europorte 2 subsidiary; the company was to operate trains from Dunkerque to the Delta 3 logistics terminal at Dourges, and collaborate on container shipments to the UK using the port of Dunkerque via channel tunnel. In 2010 Eurotunnel obtained a contract with the port to operate the enterprises own railway system - this contract was carried out by a new organisation Europorte Services.

In 2009 Eurotunnel acquired Veolia Cargo's French rail freight operations - during the period of absorption of these entities Europorte 2 was renamed Europorte Channel.

Traction and rolling stock
A fleet of forty-six Class 92 locomotives were built by a consortium of Brush Traction, and ABB Traction between 1993 and 1996.  Initially the fleet was split between Railfreight Distribution, SNCF French Railways and British Rail European Passenger Services (now Eurostar (U.K.) Ltd.) for operations through the Channel Tunnel.

The locomotives attached to London and Continental Railways were for operations of the Nightstar international sleeper services.  Introduction of the sleeper services were delayed and then fully cancelled.  During 2000, Eurostar (UK) Ltd. offered their seven Class 92 members (92020–21, 32, 40, 44–46) for sale—being surplus to requirements.  No immediate buyer could be found, so the locomotives were decommissioned and stored at Crewe International electric depot.

In February 2007, following a tender exercise, the seven locomotives were purchased by Eurotunnel for £2 million, for use by Europorte 2.

In July 2011 Europorte 2/Eurotunnel purchased the five remaining locomotives that had belonged to SNCF, bringing Eurotunnel's total up to sixteen Class 92s.

Current fleet
Class 92 Electric × 16 — 92006, 92010, 92014, 92018, 92020-92021, 92023, 92028, 92032–92033, 92038, 92040, 92043–92046

See also
Rail transport in Great Britain
History of rail transport in Great Britain
Euro Cargo Rail
GB Railfreight

References

External links
Europorte official company website

Category:Channel Tunnel
Category:Railway companies of France


Gråhøe (Dovre)

Gråhøe is a mountain in the municipality of Dovre in Oppland, in southern Norway.

Category:Dovre
Category:Mountains of Innlandet


Palangi, Dashtestan

Palangi or Palangī  is a village in Shabankareh Rural District, Shabankareh District, Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province, Iran.

At the 2006 census, the village's population was 573, spread over 100 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Dashtestan County


Constituency PP-39 (Khushab-I)

PP-39 (Khushab-I) is a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.

General elections 2013

General elections 2008

See also

 Punjab, Pakistan

References

External links
 Election commission Pakistan's official website
 Awazoday.com check result
 Official Website of Government of Punjab

Category:Provincial constituencies of Punjab, Pakistan


Hard Times Cafe

Hard Times Cafe is a collectively owned restaurant in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is known for its punk and hippie ideology, its gritty ambiance, and its large selection of vegan and vegetarian food.  It is open 22 hours a day, closing only between the hours of 4 am and 6 am.

History
Hard Times was founded as a 24-hour cafe in 1992 by eight employees of The Cafe Expatriate, a failing restaurant at that location.  Working with the vision of a place where all kinds of people could come together to drink coffee and eat vegetarian food, they transformed the restaurant into  what is now Hard Times.  The location is a staple of the West Bank neighborhood, and a popular gathering place for local artists, musicians, students, and political activists.

Minneapolis Second Ward City Council Member Cam Gordon holds open office hours in the cafe on the first Tuesday morning of each month.

Hard Times faced closing in January 2000, when several arrests were made as a result of a drug sting at the cafe.  The owners closed the doors voluntarily in the aftermath, but faced problems with the city when attempting to reopen.  The owners met all of the health and fire codes necessary to reopen, but refused to sign a contract obligating them to close at 2 am and hire a licensed security guard.  A compromise was eventually made, with Hard Times closing its doors for two hours each night.

Hard Times closed for remodeling in August 2007, after a recommendation from a health inspector that they update their ventilation system.  The original expectation was that the restaurant would be closed for a matter of weeks, but delays in shipping, unforeseen circumstances, and additional recommendations by the city kept the doors closed for three months beyond the intended opening date. The cafe received financial assistance from Seward Community Cafe, a fellow Minneapolis worker cooperative.  The cafe reopened at midnight December 16, 2007 with a new ventilation system and other recommended improvements.

See also
 List of vegetarian restaurants

References

Category:Coffee houses of the United States
Category:Companies based in Minneapolis
Category:Restaurants in Minnesota
Category:Restaurants established in 1992
Category:Vegetarian restaurants in the United States
Category:Worker cooperatives of the United States


Tupik

Tupik () is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Tupik, Republic of Khakassia, a village in Spirinsky Selsoviet of Shirinsky District of the Republic of Khakassia
Tupik, Novgorod Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement of Nebolchi, Lyubytinsky District, Novgorod Oblast
Tupik, Ryazan Oblast, a settlement in Merdushinsky Rural Okrug of Yermishinsky District of Ryazan Oblast
Tupik, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Verkhnesaldinsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast
Tupik, Vologda Oblast, a settlement in Toropovsky Selsoviet of Babayevsky District of Vologda Oblast
Tupik, Zabaykalsky Krai, a selo in Tungiro-Olyokminsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai


List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Basel-Landschaft

This list contains all cultural property of national significance (class A) in the canton of Basel-Landschaft from the 2009 Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance. It is sorted by municipality and contains 36 individual buildings, 6 collections and 22 archaeological finds.

The geographic coordinates provided are in the Swiss coordinate system as given in the Inventory.

Aesch

Allschwil

Anwil

Arisdorf

Arlesheim

Augst

Bennwil

Birsfelden

Bottmingen

Brislach

Bubendorf

Burg im Leimental

Buus

Duggingen

Gelterkinden

Itingen

Kilchberg

Lampenberg

Langenbruck

Läufelfingen

Laufen

Lausen

Liesberg

Liestal

Maisprach

Münchenstein

Muttenz

Nenzlingen

Oltingen

Ormalingen

Pfeffingen

Pratteln

Reigoldswil

Rothenfluh

Rümlingen

Sissach

Waldenburg

Wenslingen

Wintersingen

Ziefen

Zwingen

Zunzgen

References
 All entries, addresses and coordinates are from:

External links
 Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance, 2009 edition:

PDF documents: Class B objects
Geographic information system

*


On-again, off-again relationship

An on-again, off-again relationship is a form of personal relationship between two people. It is most often used to describe a romantic relationship between a couple who keeps breaking up only to reconcile afterwards, thus repeating a cycle.  Researcher Kale Monk, an assistant professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Missouri, cites several reasons as to why a relationship might be on-again, off-again, including one partner relocating to a new place or the couple re-assessing their relationship. Being in an on-again, off-again relationship can damage one's mental health, leading to possible depression, eating disorder, and/or anxiety. Additionally, Monk also notes how these types of relationships have higher rates of abuse, poorer communication, and lower levels of commitment. Many continue to reunite out of a persistent hope that the moments of happiness and gratification they have known will eventually constitute the entire relationship.  A 2009 study published in the Personal Relationships journal revealed that nearly two-thirds of participants have experienced being in an on-again, off-again relationship.  Not all on-again, off-again relationships are considered toxic, as breaking up and reconciling can help a couple with better communication and address the issues in their relationships.

References

Category:Intimate relationships
Category:Interpersonal relationships
Category:Interpersonal conflict
Category:Relationship breakup


Molova

Molova () is a rural locality (a village) in Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 82 as of 2010.

References

Category:Rural localities in Perm Krai


Mietraching

Mietraching may refer to:

Deggendorf-Mietraching, Bavaria
Bad Aibling-Mietraching, Bavaria


Astronomia nova

Astronomia nova (English: New Astronomy, full title in original Latin:   ) is a book, published in 1609, that contains the results of the astronomer Johannes Kepler's ten-year-long investigation of the motion of Mars. One of the most significant books in the history of astronomy, the Astronomia nova provided strong arguments for heliocentrism and contributed valuable insight into the movement of the planets. This included the first mention of the planets' elliptical paths and the change of their movement to the movement of free floating bodies as opposed to objects on rotating spheres. It is recognized as one of the most important works of the scientific revolution.

Background
Prior to Kepler, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed in 1543 that the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun. The Copernican model of the Solar System was regarded  as a device to explain the observed positions of the planets rather than a physical description.

Kepler sought for and proposed physical causes for planetary motion. His work is primarily based on the research of his mentor, Tycho Brahe. The two, though close in their work, had a tumultuous relationship. Regardless, on his deathbed, Brahe asked Kepler to make sure that he did not “die in vain,” and to continue the development of his Tychonic system. Kepler would instead write the Astronomia nova, in which he rejects the Tychonic system, as well as the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system. Some scholars have speculated that Kepler’s dislike for Brahe may have had a hand in his rejection of the Tychonic system and formation of a new one.

Structure and Summary of the Astronomia nova

In English, the full title of his work is the New Astronomy, Based upon Causes, or Celestial Physics, Treated by Means of Commentaries on the Motions of the Star Mars, from the Observations of Tycho Brahe, Gent. For over 650 pages, Kepler walks his readers, step by step, through his process of discovery so as to dispel any impression of "cultivating novelty," he says.

The Astronomia nova'''s introduction, specifically the discussion of scripture, was the most widely distributed of Kepler’s works in the seventeenth century. The introduction outlines the four steps Kepler took during his research. The first is his claim that the Sun itself and not any imaginary point near the Sun (as in the Copernican system) is the point where all the planes of the eccentrics of the planets intersect, or the center of the orbits of the planets. The second step consists of Kepler placing the Sun as the center and mover of the other planets. This step also contains Kepler’s reply to objections against placing the Sun at the center of the universe, including objections based on scripture. In reply to scripture, he argues that it is not meant to claim physical dogma, and the content should be taken spiritually. In the third step, he posits that the Sun is the source of the motion of all planets, using Brahe’s proof based on comets that planets do not rotate on orbs. The fourth step consists of describing the path of planets as not a circle, but an oval.

As the Astronomia nova proper starts, Kepler demonstrates that the Tychonic, Ptolemaic, and Copernican systems are indistinguishable on the basis of observations alone.  The three models predict the same positions for the planets in the near term, although they diverge from historical observations, and fail in their ability to predict future planetary positions by a small, though absolutely measurable amount. Kepler here introduces his famous diagram of the movement of Mars in relation to Earth if Earth remained unmoving at the center of its orbit. The diagram shows that Mars’s orbit would be completely imperfect and never follow along the same path.

Kepler discusses all his work at great length throughout the book. He addresses this length in the sixteenth chapter:
If thou art bored with this wearisome method of calculation, take pity on me, who had to go through with at least seventy repetitions of it, at a very great loss of time.

Kepler, in a very important step, also questions the assumption that the planets move around the center of their orbit at a uniform rate.  He finds that computing critical measurements based upon the Sun's actual position in the sky, instead of the Sun's "mean" position injects a significant degree of uncertainty into the models, opening the path for further investigations. The idea that the planets do not move at a uniform rate, but at a speed that varies as their distance from the Sun, was completely revolutionary and would become his second law (discovered before his first). Kepler, in his calculations leading to his second law, made multiple mathematical errors, which luckily cancelled each other out “as if by miracle.”

Given this second law, he puts forth in Chapter 33 that the Sun is the engine that moves the planets. To describe the motion of the planets, he claims the Sun emits a physical species, analogous to the light it also emits, which pushes the planets along. He also suggests a second force within every planet itself that pulls it towards the Sun to keep it from spiraling off into space.

Kepler then attempts to finally find the true path of the planets, which he determines is an ellipse. His initial attempt to define the orbit of Mars, far before he arrived at the ellipse shape, was off by only eight minutes of arc, yet this was enough for Kepler to require an entirely new system. Kepler tried a number of shapes before the ellipse, including an egg shape. What is more, he discovered the mathematical definition for the ellipse as the orbit, then rejected it, then adopted the ellipse without knowing that it was the same:
I laid [the original equation] aside, and fell back on ellipses, believing that this was quite a different hypothesis, whereas the two, as I shall prove in the next chapter, are one in [sic] the same... Ah, what a foolish bird I have been!

Kepler's laws
The Astronomia nova records the discovery of the first two of the three principles known today as Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which are:
That the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
That the speed of the planet changes at each moment such that the time between two positions is always proportional to the area swept out on the orbit between these positions.

Kepler discovered the "second law" before the first.  He presented his second law in two different forms:  In Chapter 32 he states that the speed of the planet varies inversely based upon its distance from the Sun, and therefore he could measure changes in position of the planet by adding up all the distance measures, or looking at the area along an orbital arc.  This is his so-called "distance law".  In Chapter 59, he states that a radius from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. This is his so-called "area law".

However, Kepler's "area-time principle" did not facilitate easy calculation of planetary positions.  Kepler could divide up the orbit into an arbitrary number of parts, compute the planet's position for each one of these, and then refer all questions to a table, but he could not determine the position of the planet at each and every individual moment because the speed of the planet was always changing.  This paradox, referred to as the "Kepler problem," prompted the development of calculus.

The "third law"
Kepler discovered his "third law" a decade after the publication of the Astronomia nova as a result of his investigations in the 1619 Harmonices Mundi (Harmonies of the world). He found that the ratio of the cube of the length of the semi-major axis of each planet's orbit, to the square of time of its orbital period, is the same for all planets.

Kepler's knowledge of gravity

In his introductory discussion of a moving earth, Kepler addressed the question of how the Earth could hold its parts together if it moved away from the center of the universe which, according to Aristotelian physics, was the place toward which all heavy bodies naturally moved.  Kepler proposed an attractive force similar to magnetism, which may have been known by Newton.

"Gravity is a mutual corporeal disposition among kindred bodies to unite or join together; thus the earth attracts a stone much more than the stone seeks the earth. (The magnetic faculty is another example of this sort).... If two stones were set near one another in some place in the world outside the sphere of influence of a third kindred body, these stones, like two magnetic bodies, would come together in an intermediate place, each approaching the other by a space proportional to the bulk [moles] of the other....  For it follows that if the earth's power of attraction will be much more likely to extend to the moon and far beyond, and accordingly, that nothing that consists to any extent whatever of terrestrial material, carried up on high, ever escapes the grasp of this mighty power of attraction.”

Kepler discusses the Moon's gravitational effect upon the tides as follows:
The sphere of the attractive virtue which is in the moon extends as far as the earth, and entices up the waters; but as the moon flies rapidly across the zenith, and the waters cannot follow so quickly, a flow of the ocean is occasioned in the torrid zone towards the westward. If the attractive virtue of the moon extends as far as the earth, it follows with greater reason that the attractive virtue of the earth extends as far as the moon and much farther; and, in short, nothing which consists of earthly substance anyhow constituted although thrown up to any height, can ever escape the powerful operation of this attractive virtue.

Kepler also clarifies the concept of lightness in terms of relative density, in opposition to the Aristotelian concept of the absolute nature or quality of lightness as follows. His argument could easily be applied today to something like the flight of a hot air balloon.

Nothing which consists of corporeal matter is absolutely light, but that is comparatively lighter which is rarer, either by its own nature, or by accidental heat. And it is not to be thought that light bodies are escaping to the surface of the universe while they are carried upwards, or that they are not attracted by the earth. They are attracted, but in a less degree, and so are driven outwards by the heavy bodies; which being done, they stop, and are kept by the earth in their own place.

In reference to Kepler's discussion relating to gravitation, Walter William Bryant makes the following statement in his book Kepler (1920).

...the Introduction to Kepler’s “Commentaries on the Motion of Mars,” always regarded as his most valuable work, must have been known to Newton, so that no such incident as the fall of an apple was required to provide a necessary and sufficient explanation of the genesis of his Theory of Universal Gravitation. Kepler’s glimpse at such a theory could have been no more than a glimpse, for he went no further with it. This seems a pity, as it is far less fanciful than many of his ideas, though not free from the “virtues” and “animal faculties,” that correspond to Gilbert’s “spirits and humours”.

Kepler considered that this attraction was mutual and was proportional to the bulk of the bodies, but he considered it to have a limited range and he did not consider whether or how this force may have varied with distance.  Furthermore, this attraction only acted between "kindred bodies"—bodies of a similar nature, a nature which he did not clearly define.  Kepler's idea differed significantly from Newton's later concept of gravitation and it can be "better thought of as an episode in the struggle for heliocentrism than as a step toward Universal gravitation."

Commemoration
The 2009 International Year of Astronomy commemorates the 400th anniversary of the publication of this work.

 Notes

 References

 Johannes Kepler, New Astronomy,'' translated by William H. Donahue, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1992.
 Kepler's Astronomia Nova
 cosmology & astronomy

External links
Astronomia nova by Johannes Kepler, 1609, in Latin, full text scan
Astronomia nova by Johannes Kepler, 1609, in Latin, full text at archive.org
Origins of Modernity - Kepler: Astronomia nova

Category:1609 books
Category:Astronomy books
Category:17th-century Latin books
Category:Physics books
Category:History of astronomy
Category:1609 in science
Category:Works by Johannes Kepler


Gwebi College of Agriculture

Gwebi College of Agriculture is an agricultural college located near Harare, Zimbabwe.

History
Formal agricultural education in Southern Rhodesia began in 1930, when an agricultural college opened at Matopos. However, it closed after a few years. Gwebi Farm was established by the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland's Ministry of Agriculture in the early 20th-century as an experimental station. In the decades that followed, the farm lapsed in and out of active use. After World War II, Gwebi Farm hosted agricultural courses for ex-servicemen, where they were instructed in skills such as ploughing, herding, and milking. Ian Smith, the future Prime Minister of Rhodesia, attended courses at Gwebi in 1947 and 1948. In 1949, W. L. Fielding arrived in Southern Rhodesia, tasked by the Ministry of Agriculture with establishing an agricultural college at Gwebi. The college would provide two-year diploma courses to ex-servicemen, many of whom had missed out on higher education during the war.

In February 1950, Gwebi College of Agriculture opened with 24 students. Its campus, located on Sinoia Road outside of Salisbury, was originally used to house pilots training at the nearby Mount Hampden airfield during World War II. The students were 18- and 19-year-old white men, mostly from the colonies of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland, with a few students from the United Kingdom who sought to take up farming in the Federation. Unlike Southern Rhodesia's agricultural school for blacks, Chibero College, where students took three year courses, Gwebi offered two-year diploma courses, because the students generally had some experience in agriculture. The first fully residential institution of higher education in Southern Rhodesia, Gwebi College soon had a significant waiting list. After 15 years, Dr. Fielding left Gwebi in 1965 to take the position of Chair of Agriculture at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. By the time he left, Gwebi had graduated over 500 students.

In 1965, Hugh Rodney Mundy became principal of Gwebi College. A former Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford, he was previously an animal husbandry lecturer at Gwebi. As principal, he placed greater emphasis on animal husbandry training, and also frequently umpired at Gwebi cricket matches. He died in 1970, while still in office. In August 1970, Frederick Bernard Rhodes, formerly a lecturer in animal husbandry and vice principal, became Principal of Gwebi College. In 1976, he took a job as project manager at the Keiskammahoek immigration scheme, and stepped down as principal. Hugh John McLean became the fourth Principal of Gwebi College in November 1976. Previously, he was a lecturer in animal husbandry and vice principal since 1970. He served as principal until 1982, when he was replaced by Bob Dunckley. By the late 1970s, Gwebi College had graduated more than 1,000 students. In 1978, the college had 17 instructors and an enrollment of 88 students.

In October 2013, Gwebi College of Agriculture graduated 131 students. University of Zimbabwe principal Levi Nyagura used his commencement speech to urge the Zimbabwe Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisation and Irrigation Development to create a bachelor's degree program at Gwebi College. He said,"Judging by the high standard of the diploma program it will no longer make sense to continue awarding Gwebi graduates a diploma. A Bachelor of Technology degree in agriculture would be more appropriate."

Academics
Gwebi College of Agriculture ran two-year Diploma in Agriculture courses. The courses included both lectures and regular visits to working farms. Students were expected to have experienced at least one year working on a farm before enrolling. To enroll, applicants are required a minimum of five Ordinary levels passes including mathematics, English, language, and science. Gwebi College is affiliated with the University of Zimbabwe.

Student life
A 1980 study found that Gwebi students were more motivated by the desire to obtain a diploma than an interest in farming; at Chibero College, these priorities were generally reversed.

Sports
Gwebi College of Agriculture maintained a cricket team.

Notable people

List of principals

 W. L. Fielding (1950-1965)
 Hugh Rodney Mundy (1965-1970)
 Frederick Bernard Rhodes (1970-1976)
 Hugh John McLean (1976-1982)
 Bob Dunckley (1982-?)

Alumni - Old Gwebians
Alumni are known as Old Gwebians.

 Colin Cloete (1974), former President of the Commercial Farmers' Union
 Eddie Cross (1962), economist and Member of Parliament
 Rob Davenport (1960), commercial farmer and businessman
 Tom Dumont de Chassart, President of the Zimbabwe Tobacco Association
 Bob Dunckley (1958), former President of Gwebi College
 Ian Smith (1948), Prime Minister of Rhodesia
 Stephen Gasha (1990), Higher Research Technician, DR&SS, Marondera (1990 - 2001), IT Support Engineer, UK
 Peter Steyl (1976), President of the Commercial Farmers' Union

See also

 Agriculture in Zimbabwe

References

Category:1950 establishments in Southern Rhodesia
Category:Agricultural universities and colleges
Category:Buildings and structures in Mashonaland West Province
Category:Education in Mashonaland West Province
Category:Educational institutions established in 1950
Category:Farms in Zimbabwe
Category:Universities and colleges in Zimbabwe


Sébastien Lakou

Sébastien Lakou  is a Congolese football Forward who played for People's Republic of the Congo in the 1978 African Cup of Nations.

External links

Category:Living people
Category:Republic of the Congo footballers
Category:Republic of the Congo international footballers
Category:1974 African Cup of Nations players
Category:1978 African Cup of Nations players
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Robert Applegarth

Robert Applegarth (26 January 1834 – 13 July 1924) was a prominent British trade unionist and proponent of working class causes.

Biography
Robert Applegarth was born in Hull in the United Kingdom. His father was the captain of a whaling brig. He spent a brief period in a dame school but had no other formal education and began work in a shoemaker's shop aged ten. He learned the skills of carpentry, before moving to Sheffield where he met and married Mary Longmore, a farmer's daughter.

Applegarth moved to New York City in December 1854, seeking well paid employment, with only a half crown in his possession. He lived with another immigrant from Sheffield for a time, and held a variety of jobs including master at a railroad station. He admired the democracy of the United States, but was appalled by slavery, and visited Mississippi to witness it for himself, where he met Frederick Douglass. By 1857, Applegarth was confident that he could support his wife in America so sent for her from Sheffield, but she was too ill to travel and so he returned to Sheffield. During the American Civil War, Applegarth strongly supported the unionists.

Once back in the United Kingdom he joined the Sheffield Carpenters Union, and rose to become their secretary. In 1861 the Sheffield Carpenters Union merged with the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASCJ), and in 1862 was elected as general secretary of the union. The ASCJ was a New Model Union, and Applegarth regularly met with other leading New Model Unionists in London, in what Sidney and Beatrice Webb termed a junta.

Applegarth also became an executive member of the London Trades Council (LTC), and advocated a moderate approach to trade unionism with an emphasis on negotiations rather than strike action, telling his fellow trade unionists to "Never surrender the right to strike, but be careful how you use a double-edged weapon". This stance led to conflict with George Potter, the founder of the LTC's journal The Bee-Hive, who argued that the journal should give its support unreservedly to all strike action undertaken by trade unions throughout the country. Applegarth accused him of being a "manufacturer of strikes" and of personal dishonesty and maladministration following an investigation into the Bee-Hive in 1865. As a result, Potter was forced to leave the LTC.

Under Applegarth's leadership, the ASCJ's membership increased from 1000 in 1862 to over 10,000 in 1870, and accumulated funds of over £17,000. During the Royal Commission on Trade Unions (1867), Applegarth vigorously advocated the benefits of New Model Unionism to the committee, answering a total of 633 questions, and was generally regarded as the most impressive pro-trade union witness. Applegarth campaigned for the pro-trade unionist minority report of the commission to be accepted by Gladstone's Liberal government, leading to the Trade Union Act of 1871. In May of the same year he was offered a position on the Royal Commission on Contagious Diseases, which he took despite the protests of the ASCJ, leading him to resign from his position as general secretary. At around this time he joined the Working Men's Committee for Promoting the Separation of Church and State along with Potter and George Howell.

After his work for the Royal Commission, Applegarth became a commercial traveller for a French firm selling Henry Fleuss's underwater breathing apparatus. He took out the English patent for the Yablochkov candle and made a fairly successful business out of it based in Epsom. When his old friend Howell lost his seat in Parliament in 1895 and fell ill, Applegarth and the TUC raised a £1650 testimonial to buy him an annuity. In 1898 he became a poultry farmer in Bexley, where he introduced a new breed of French hen.

Applegarth spent his retirement in Brighton, where he was offered the title of Companion of Honour by Lloyd George in 1917. He turned the offer down, saying he preferred to remain "plain Robert Applegarth". When he died in 1924 he was cremated at West Norwood Cemetery and given a secular ceremony, according to his instructions.

References
 Pelling, Henry A History of British Trade Unionism, 1971
 May, Trevor An Economic and Social History of Great Britain 1760-1990 2nd edition, 1996

Category:1834 births
Category:1924 deaths
Category:General Secretaries of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners
Category:Trade unionists from Kingston upon Hull
Category:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery


2018 BNP Paribas Open – Women's Doubles

Latisha Chan and Martina Hingis were the defending champions, but Hingis retired from professional tennis at the end of 2017. Chan played alongside her sister Chan Hao-ching, but lost in the second round to Hsieh Su-wei and Barbora Strýcová.

Hsieh and Strýcová went on to win the title, defeating Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

References
 Main Draw

BNP Paribas Open – Women's Doubles
Category:2018 BNP Paribas Open


Channel 44 (Adelaide)

Channel 44 (C44, call-sign CTS33) is a free-to-air community television channel in Adelaide, South Australia. C44 features locally and nationally made content and has been broadcasting since 23 April 2004. Previously known as C31 when on analogue television, C44 made the switch to digital on 5 November 2010 and switched off its analogue signal on 31 May 2012. C44 airs a range of local, interstate and international content that is relevant to the local community.

History
Before C44, Adelaide's community television station was ACE TV, run by Adelaide Community and Education Television Inc. ACE TV held a temporary licence from May 1994 until December 2002, when it was cancelled due to breaches of its licence conditions. ACE TV had its last broadcast in May 2002.

In 2003, after ACE TV's closure, C31 Adelaide Ltd received the community television licence for Adelaide. Its station, called C31 Adelaide (C31), launched on 23 April 2004 on analogue channel UHF 31. In 2004, most community TV services in capital cities received permanent licences from the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA). However, the process for allocating a permanent licence in Adelaide, which began in 2004, was terminated in mid-2006; the two prospective applicants (of which C31 was one) were declined for different reasons.

On 5 November 2010, the station was moved to digital channel 44 and was renamed 44 Adelaide, with its analogue signal switched off on 31 May 2012. 44 Adelaide received a new logo in 2013 and was later renamed Channel 44 (C44) in 2014.

In September 2014, Australian federal communications minister Malcolm Turnbull announced that licensing for community television stations would end in December 2015. In September 2015, Turnbull, now Prime Minister, announced an extension of the deadline to 31 December 2016. The deadline was further extended twice at the last minute by Minister for Communications Mitch Fifield, first to 30 June 2017, and later to 31 December 2017. Fifield made an additional extension to 30 June 2018 as part of the government's deal with the Nick Xenophon Team to garner support for large-scale media reforms in the Senate, while a further extension, announced on 1 June 2018, gave broadcasters an additional two years through 30 June 2020.

C44 has followed other community television stations and has moved operations online, streaming its channel live on their website. The move online means that local content can now be viewed by those outside Adelaide.

Identity history
 2010–2016: Bringing You the Community through TV
 2016–present: Adelaide - It's Your 44

See also

 Community television in Australia
 Television broadcasting in Australia

References

Category:Australian community television
Category:Television stations in Adelaide
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2004
Category:English-language television stations in Australia


Tidmore Bend, Alabama

Tidmore Bend is a census-designated place in Etowah County, Alabama, United States. Its population was 1,245 as of the 2010 census.

Demographics

References

Category:Census-designated places in Etowah County, Alabama
Category:Census-designated places in Alabama


Bahçekonak, Vezirköprü

Bahçekonak is a village in the District of Vezirköprü, Samsun Province, Turkey.

References

Category:Populated places in Samsun Province
Category:Villages in Turkey
Category:Vezirköprü


Tenellia longi

Tenellia longi is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fionidae.

Distribution
This species was described from Isla Raza, Baja California, Mexico, .

Description
The adult size of this species is up to 32 mm in length. The cerata are cored with green digestive gland and have surface rings of pale blue, yellow-gold and red pigment and white tips.

References

Category:Fionidae
Category:Gastropods described in 1985


Miguel Sanabria

Miguel Ángel Sanabria (born November 11, 1964 in Luque) is a retired football (soccer) midfielder from Paraguay. He played professional football for clubs like Club Olimpia in Paraguay, and also had a spell in Bolivia, playing for Club Bolívar.

Sanabria made his international debut for the Paraguay national football team on July 10, 1991 in a Copa América match against Venezuela (5-0 win), substituting Felipe Peralta in the 76th minute. He obtained a total number of three international caps, scoring no goals for the national side.

External links

Category:1964 births
Category:Living people
Category:Paraguayan footballers
Category:Paraguay international footballers
Category:Paraguayan expatriate footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Expatriate footballers in Bolivia
Category:Club Olimpia footballers
Category:1991 Copa América players
Category:Club Bolívar players
Category:Sportspeople from Luque


Hengshan Picardie Hotel

Hengshan Picardie Hotel (Chinese:衡山宾馆) is an Art-Deco five-star hotel in Shanghai, China. It was constructed in 1934 as Picardie Apartments.

See also
 Hengshan Road
 Park Hotel, Shanghai
 Broadway Mansions

References

Category:Art Deco architecture in Shanghai
Category:Hotels in Shanghai
Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1934
Category:1934 establishments in China


Elko (surname)

Elko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Elko (born 1959), American football player
Nicholas Elko (1909-1991), American bishop


The Girl from Rio (1927 film)

The Girl from Rio is a 1927 American silent romance film directed by Tom Terriss and starring Carmel Myers, Walter Pidgeon and Richard Tucker.

Synopsis
An American coffee purchaser arrives in  Rio de Janeiro and falls in love with a local café dancer.

Cast
 Carmel Myers as Lola
 Walter Pidgeon as Paul Sinclair
 Richard Tucker as Antonio Santos
 Henry Hebert as Farael Fuentes
 Mildred Harris as Helen Graham
 Edward Raquello as Raoul the dancer

References

Bibliography
 Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997.

External links

Category:1927 films
Category:1920s romance films
Category:English-language films
Category:American films
Category:American silent feature films
Category:American romance films
Category:Films directed by Tom Terriss
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:Films set in Rio de Janeiro (city)


Finley, New South Wales

Finley  is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.  It is the largest town in the Berrigan Shire local government area. At the 2016 census, Finley had a population of 2,519 people.
The town is located approximately  west of Albury on the intersection of the Newell Highway and Riverina Highways.

History
The first permanent residence in the town was built in 1878. The post office opened on 1 January 1881 but was known as Murray Hut until 1893.
Europeans first settled the area around Finley in the early 1840s, with wheat becoming the main crop.

The Finley Agricultural & Pastoral Association was formed in 1912 and held its first show on 17 September 1913. The agricultural show is still held annually on the first Sunday in September (Father's Day).

Periods of severe drought, combined with the Great Depression of the early 1930s, forced many farmers to abandon their holdings.

In 1935, construction on the Mulwala Canal began in order to provide employment and bring water to the area’s rich farmland, with irrigation reaching the area in 1939, celebrated with a 'Back-To-Finley' event. This enabled the region to prosper with beef and dairy cattle, sheep, wheat, rice, barley, maize and canola.

Heritage listings
Finley has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Narrandera-Tocumwal railway: Finley Railway Precinct

Education
Finley has two primary schools, St Joseph's School, (Roman Catholic) and Finley Public School. Finley High School attracts students from a wide catchment including the towns of Berrigan, Tocumwal, Jerilderie and Blighty.

Finley is also home to a campus of Riverina TAFE.

Sport
Australian rules football, cricket and netball are all very popular in the town.  Sporting teams include the Finley Football Club, who compete in the Murray Football League. The town also offers soccer, touch rugby, basketball, tennis and a Pony Club.

The Finley Rodeo Committee holds an annual rodeo every January and Finley Apex Club hosts a tractor pull every February.

Finley has an 18-hole green grass golf course and two bowling green locations.

Notable residents
 Allan Jeans - Former St Kilda Australian rules footballer & coach, Hawthorn Australian rules football coach
 Jack Hawkins - Former  Geelong Australian rules footballer
 Shane Crawford - Former Hawthorn Australian rules footballer and 1999 Brownlow Medallist, 2019 I’m A Celebrity... Get Me Out Of Here contestant
 Mark Whiley - Former GWS Giants & Carlton Blues Australian rules footballer
 Tom Hawkins - Current Geelong Australian rules footballer
 Kram, Whitt and Janet - members of rock band Spiderbait
 Craig Giles - musician
 Maicie Close - 2018 State Finalist of The Land Sydney Royal Showgirl Competition
Andrew Richardson - 2016 Six Medal Winner - Australian Baking Association's Annual Best Pie and Pastie competition

References

External links

 Community website
 Berrigan Shire - Official Site
 Finley Railway Station
 Finley Show Society Inc.

Category:Towns in Berrigan Shire
Category:Towns in the Riverina
Category:Towns in New South Wales
Category:Newell Highway
Category:Murrumbidgee Council


Ronnie Blye

Ronald Jerry Blye (born December 29, 1943 in Clearwater, Florida) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles.  He played college football at the University of Notre Dame.

References

Category:1943 births
Category:American football running backs
Category:Living people
Category:New York Giants players
Category:Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
Category:Philadelphia Eagles players
Category:Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida


Michael Foley (footballer)

Michael Foley (born 9 March 1983 in Dublin) is an Irish footballer.

Foley is a creative midfielder who joined St Patrick's Athletic after being released by Liverpool in 2004. He went on to sign for Waterford before the 2008 season. Foley joined Drogheda United at the start of 2009 but left after only a few months.

On 1 July 2009, Foley signed for Longford Town where his former Waterford boss Gareth Cronin was manager before being released at the end of the 2009 season.

He represented Republic of Ireland in the FIFA World Youth Championships and has gone on to win Under 21 caps.

External links
Michael Foley at soccerbase

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Dublin (city)
Category:Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Category:Republic of Ireland association footballers
Category:League of Ireland players
Category:Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Category:Republic of Ireland youth international footballers
Category:St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Category:Waterford F.C. players
Category:Drogheda United F.C. players
Category:Longford Town F.C. players
Category:Liverpool F.C. players
Category:Association football midfielders


Francisco Pereira de Moura

Francisco Pereira de Moura (1925–1998) was a Portuguese scholar, economist and politician opposed to the Estado Novo regime. He led the United Democratic Electoral Commission in the rigged 1969 National Assembly election and, according to official numbers tallied about 10% of the vote, but failed to gain any representation in the assembly. He faced harassment by the General Security Directorate and was later forced to give up his job teaching economics. Following the Carnation Revolution he briefly served as Minister without Portfolio and Minister for Social Affairs, the latter in Vasco Gonçalves' administration.

Francisco Pereira de Moura was responsible for the re-design of the economics currulum at the Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, ISEG (earlier called ISCEF, for Instituto Superior de Ciencias Economicas e Financeiras [1930] and ISE, Instituto Superior de Economia [1972], renamed ISEG in 1989), thus influencing for several decades the majority of economists in Portugal and beyond. Francisco Pereira de Moura is the author of a vast scientific legacy and authored the study that lead to the construction of the first steel mill in Portugal, still during the fascist régime.

Category:Portuguese politicians
Category:1925 births
Category:1998 deaths


2018 Balikpapan oil spill

The 2018 Balikpapan oil spill was an oil spill off coast from the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia. It was caused by a cracked pipeline linked to a Pertamina refinery in the city.

A blaze which occurred when the oil spill caught on fire had killed five residents who were in the bay, in addition to causing respiratory problems in the city.

Location
The spilled occurred in Balikpapan Bay, on the coast of which the Pertamina Refinery Unit V is located. Balikpapan, which sits on the bay, is an energy and mining hub on the island and is populated by over 700,000 people.

Causes
Initially, Pertamina denied responsibility for the spill for four days, claiming that tests showed the oil originated from marine shipments and that divers sent had not discovered any leakage on their pipelines. Instead, the company claimed that the oil originated from MV Ever Judger, a Panama-flagged bulk carrier carrying coal to Malaysia. However, on 5 April, it admitted responsibility, adding that it discovered that the oil samples were crude oil and not marine fuel oil after its 10th sample.

According to Pertamina on an April 4 statement, a distribution pipeline carrying crude oil from a terminal in Lawe-Lawe, North Penajam Paser to Balikpapan which was installed in 1998 burst, having been displaced by 120 meters from its original position. The leaked pipeline was located at a depth of 25 meters, with a diameter of 20 inches and a thickness of 12 millimeters. Officials claimed that an anchor dropped by of a coal ship flying a Panamianian flag dragged the pipe, although it did not name the ship. Pertamina denied any negligence in the spill, adding that the pipe had been inspected as recently as December 2017.

Mitigation
During initial attempts on 31 March, some of the oil spill caught on fire with the blaze reaching as high as . Five people were killed when the oil spill caught on fire. According to a local search and rescue worker, the flame was sparked in an attempt to clear the spill by burning it. Director-general of oil and gas Djoko Siswanto stated that they suspected the ship dragging the pipeline had caught on fire, hence igniting the spill.

According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, about 70 cubic meters of spilled oil have been contained by night on 3 April.

Environmental organizations and campaigners criticized the Indonesian government for its slow response, with Greenpeace claiming it had not received any information from the authorities on the fifth day of the spill.

The city's residents participated in the cleanup, using simple equipment such as buckets to scoop oil from the local beaches.

Effects
Balikpapan city secretary Sayid MN Fadli described that the bay was "like a gas station". The city itself declared a state of emergency, with over 1,000 people reporting nausea and breathing problem due to the smoke caused by a fire on the spill. Pertamina released a statement declaring that the operations of its refinery, which processes 260,000 barrels of crude oil daily, is unaffected.

Head of the People's Representative Council Bambang Soesatyo demanded an explanation from the Embassy of China in Jakarta, regarding a theory that the fire on the Ever Judger resulted in the blaze and hence fatalities.

On 20 April, Pertamina's Chief Executive Elia Massa Manik was removed from his position. Among other factors, the oil spill incident was quoted as one of the reasons for the dismissal.

Casualties and losses
Five people were killed when their ship was trapped in the blaze caused by the oil catching on fire. Two of the bodies were discovered immediately afterwards, with two more being discovered on the third day and the last the following day. The victims had rented a boat to fish around the bay. All victims were residents of the city.

The MV Ever Judger was also caught in the blaze, with its inflatable life raft and the rope binding it to the ship igniting. Its crew of 20 Chinese nationals were evacuated with 1 suffering from burns. While the ship, which carried more than 70,000 tons of coal, did not catch on fire fully, ship's port side was severely damaged.

Indonesian vice-minister of energy and mineral resources Arcandra Tahar stated that the pipeline damage may cause up to 200,000 barrels per day in lost production. Pertamina stated that the crude oil flow was diverted to a smaller, 16-inch pipe, although it confirmed the loss of some production in the refinery.

Environmental damage
At least 34 hectares of mangrove swamps were covered in the spill. A dead endangered Irrawaddy dolphin washed up to the city's beach, seemingly poisoned by the oil spill. Environmental and oceanographical experts have expressed concerns of long-lasting damages to the oceanic ecosystem including coral reefs and seagrass.

Due to the spill, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries received reports of oil pollution across the country, such as in the Bay of Jakarta and in Bintan.

References

Category:2018 in Indonesia
Category:2018 in the environment
Category:2018 industrial disasters
Category:Balikpapan
Category:Oil spills
Category:Maritime incidents in 2018


Clyde Brion Davis

Clyde Brion Davis (May 22, 1894–July 19, 1962) was an American author and freelance journalist active from the mid-1920s until his death. He is best known for his novels The Anointed and The Great American Novel, though he wrote more than 15 books.

Life and career
Clyde Brion Davis was born on May 22, 1894, in Unadilla, Nebraska, to Charles Nelson and Isabel Brion Davis. His father was a friend and strong supporter of the legendary Nebraska politician William Jennings Bryan. A year after the boy's birth, the Davis family moved to Missouri, where Davis attended schools in Chillicothe and Kansas City.  At 14, he quit school and was employed in several jobs including printer's apprentice, steamfitter's helper, chimney sweep, electrician, detective and journalist.

In 1916, Davis gained his first experience in journalism, working with the Denver Times and Albuquerque Morning Journal. He acquired further experience in journalism writing for the Army newspaper The Pontanezan Duckboard while serving in the United States Army Intelligence Corps (1917-1919) during World War I.  Upon his return to the United States, Davis, with the exception of a few months working for the Burns Detective Agency, spent the years between 1919 and 1937 working for various newspapers, including Denver Post (1919), Rocky Mountain News (1920-1922), San Francisco Examiner (1921), Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1930), and Buffalo Times (1931-1937).

Davis' fiction efforts were first published by a number of pulp magazines during the 1920s.

In 1926, he married artist and writer Martha Wirt. Their only child, David Brion Davis, was born on February 16, 1927, in Denver, Colorado.

Davis resided in Hamburg, New York in the late 1930s. He wrote a number of novels and short stories before the publication of his novel The Anointed in 1937. The Book of the Month Club chose The Anointed as its selection for August 1937 and MGM adapted the novel in 1945 to the MGM movie  Adventure starring Clark Gable and Greer Garson. Following the success of The Anointed, Davis left journalism for a career in creative writing.  For the most part he focused on writing novels and short stories, other than a brief period of syndicate work in Europe for PM and Knight newspapers in 1941, two months in Hollywood as a screenwriter, and two years as an associate editor for Rinehart and Company (1943-1945).  Davis was awarded a Huntington Hartford fellowship for the years 1956-1957. Over his career, he wrote more than 20 novels, including The Great American Novel (1938) and The Rebellion of Leo Maguire (1944).

The Anointed is about an uneducated egotist who, convinced God has some great purpose in view for him, travels the globe and then takes up book-learning to discover what it is. The Great American Novel (1938) is a humorous novel about a newspaperman who dreams of writing the Great American Novel, but never has the time.

His memoir The Age of Indiscretion (1950) was a curmudgeonly retort to nostalgia for the "good old days" circa 1900. He argued that the America of the mid-20th century was not only richer and healthier than the America of his boyhood, but also happier and more moral.

In 1946, Davis and his family moved to Salisbury, Connecticut, where he was an active citizen (serving as Justice of the Peace between 1947 and 1957) until his death in Salisbury on July 19, 1962. His last novel, Shadow of a Day, was published posthumously.

Partial bibliography
Fiction
The Anointed (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1937)
The Great American Novel (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1938)
Northend Wildcats (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1938)
Sullivan (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1940)
Follow the Leader (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1942)
The Rebellion of Leo McGuire (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1944)
Stars Incline (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1946)
Adventure (The World Publishing Company, New York, 1946) – a reissue of The Anointed
Jeremy Bell (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1947)
Temper the Wind (The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 26, 1948) (a Gold Seal Novel)
Playtime is Over (Arthur Barker, 1950)
Thudbury: An American Comedy (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1952)
Unholy Uproar, a novel (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1957)
The Big Pink Kite (John Day Company, New York, 1960)
Shadow of A Day (John Day Company, New York, 1963)

Non-Fiction
The Arkansas (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1940) (Rivers of America Series)
Nebraska Coast (Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1939)
The Age of Indiscretion (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1950)

Short stories
"From Peter to Paul and Back" (Top-Notch, June 15, 1920)
"The Hay Fever Handicap" (Argosy All-Story Weekly, September 21, 1929)
"The Lumberjack Telegrapher" (Frontier Stories, January 1929)
"Payday" (The American Magazine, November 1938)
"Something for Nothing" (The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, August 1955)

Archives
Clyde Brion Davis Papers. YCAL MSS 255.  Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

References
Review of The Anointed, Time magazine, August 2, 1937
Review of The Great American Novel, Time magazine, June 6, 1938

Turner Classic Movies
David Brion Davis Papers, Yale University
Fiction Mags Index
Kellman, Steven G. "The Self-Begetting Great American Novel: Clyde Brion Davis's Melding of Traditions".  Southwest Review 62(1977):  65-72.

Category:1894 births
Category:1962 deaths
Category:20th-century American novelists
Category:People from Otoe County, Nebraska
Category:Military personnel from Nebraska
Category:American male journalists
Category:20th-century American journalists
Category:American military personnel of World War I
Category:Writers from Nebraska
Category:People from Salisbury, Connecticut
Category:Novelists from Connecticut
Category:Novelists from Missouri
Category:People from Hamburg, New York
Category:American male novelists
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers