Chandarana Food Plus Supermarkets

Chandarana Food Plus Supermarkets, whose official name is Chandarana Food Plus Supermarkets Limited, is a Supermarket chain in Kenya.

Location
The Head Office of Chandarana Food Plus Supermarkets Limited (CFPSL) are located on the 3rd Floor of the Lenana Place Building, at 197 Lenana Road, in the neighborhood of  Parklands, in the city of Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. The coordinates of the company headquarters are: 01°17'18.0"S, 36°47'29.0"E (Latitude:-1.288333, Longitude:36.791389).

Overview
The supermarket chain started in 1964, as a single grocery store, operated by the patriarch of the family, the late entrepreneur Shantilal Mulji Thakkar, with twelve employees. Over the years the business has expanded to more than a dozen stores in major urban centers in Kenya. Three of the founder's sons, Anil Thakkar, Sanjay Thakkar and Dipan Thakkar, run the enterprise.

The company's Group Chief Operations Director, is Hanif Rajan, a native of Eldoret, Kenya, with a varied retail career in Kenya, Canada, Seychelles and Tanzania. In an interview with Business Daily Africa, in February 2018, Rajan says that the chain owes its success to a cautious, conservative expansion policy, that has saved it from making irrational, emotional decisions. One of the areas that the chain pays special attention to are its suppliers, who deal directly with management, without any middlemen.

The supermarket has remained focused on food items, including in-house butcheries, bakeries, wine and spirits sections, fresh vegetables and sandwich shops. They have stayed away from big ticket manufactured items, such as radios, televisions, refrigerators and cookers. Also, the chain does not maintain warehouses; the suppliers deliver merchandise/produce directly to the store that they supply.

Branches
 the supermarket chain maintains branches at the following locations:
 Highbridge Brainch: Highbridge Shpping Centre, Nairobi
 Diamond Plaza Branch: Diamond Plaza, Nairobi
 Karen Branch: Karen, Nairobi
 Muthaiga Branch: Muthaiga, Nairobi
 Yaya Centre Branch: Yaya Centre, Nairobi
 Ad Life Plaza Branch: Ad Life Plaza, Nairobi
 ABC Place Branch: ABC Place, Nairobi
 Lavington Mall Branch: Lavington Mall, Nairobi
 Nanyuki Branch: Cedar Mall, Nanyuki
 Eldoret Branch: Rupa Mall, Eldoret
 Diani Branch: Diani Beach
 Mombasa Branch: Mombasa’s South Coast, Mombasa
 Rosslyn Riviera Branch: Rosslyn Riviera Mall, Nairobi
 The Well Branch: The Well Shopping Centre, Nairobi (under development)
 Kisumu Branch: West End Mall, Kisumu.

Ownership
Chandarana Food Plus Supermarkets Limited is a wholly Kenyan, privately held company. , the detailed shareholding in the company stock in not widely, publicly known.

Controversy
On 28 July 2018, an email written by a new marketing staff was deemed racist for targeting to acquire white shoppers which led to public outrage. Governor of Nairobi county, Hon. Mike Sonko moved to cancel the retailer's business licence which the legal experts said was unconstitutional until Chandarana supermarkets was given a fair hearing. The management of Chandarana supermarkets apologized adding that this was not in line with the supermarket's values.

See also

References

External links
Website of Chandarana Food Plus Supermarkets Limited
Chandarana Supermarkets staff get 10pc salary increase plus perks As at 2 November 2015.

Category:Supermarkets of Kenya
Category:Nairobi
Category:Retail companies established in 1964
Category:1964 establishments in Kenya


The Little Blue Devil

The Little Blue Devil was a musical comedy by Harold Atteridge and Harry Carroll that premiered on November 3, 1919 at the Central Theater (Broadway) on Broadway. It ran for 74 performances.

Plot
The show opens at the office of the fictional New York Inter-County Railroad. Augustus Rollett hires a local dancer, "Little Blue Devil", to pretend she is his wife and flirt with his boss. He then uses their flirtation to urge he get a raise. His actual wife finds out and uses the dancer to patch up her own marriage. The second act takes place in the apartment of "Little Blue Devil". The third act takes place in the home of Augustus Rollett.

Cast
Bernard Granville as Augustus Rollett
Lillian Lorraine as Paulette Divine, the "Little Blue Devil"
Anne Sands as Mrs. Rollett
Edward Martindale as George Wallus

External links

References

Category:Broadway musicals
Category:1919 musicals


Michael Jordan

Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials MJ, is an American former professional basketball player and the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 15 seasons in the NBA, winning six championships with the Chicago Bulls. His biography on the official NBA website states: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." He was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.

Jordan played three seasons for coach Dean Smith with the North Carolina Tar Heels. As a freshman, he was a member of the Tar Heels' national championship team in 1982. Jordan joined the Bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick, and quickly emerged as a league star and entertained crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, demonstrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in Slam Dunk Contests, earned him the nicknames Air Jordan and His Airness. He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three-peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the 1993–94 NBA season and started a new career in Minor League Baseball, he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. He retired for a second time in January 1999 but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards.

Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include six NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, ten scoring titles (both all-time records), five MVP Awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections, three All-Star Game MVP Awards, three steals titles, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career regular season scoring average (30.12 points per game) and highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press' list of athletes of the century. Jordan is a two-time inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, having been enshrined in 2009 for his individual career and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team"). He became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015.

Jordan is also known for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers which were introduced in 1984 and remain popular today. Jordan also starred as himself in the 1996 film Space Jam. In 2006, he became part-owner and head of basketball operations for the Charlotte Bobcats (now Hornets) and bought a controlling interest in 2010. In 2014, Jordan became the first billionaire player in NBA history. With a net worth of $1.9 billion, he is the fourth-richest African-American, behind Robert F. Smith, David Steward, and Oprah Winfrey.

Early life
Jordan was born at Cumberland Hospital in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, to Deloris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. Jordan Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, when he was a toddler.

Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, where he highlighted his athletic career by playing basketball, baseball, and football. He tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year, but at 5'11" (1.80 m), he was deemed too short to play at that level. His taller friend, Harvest Leroy Smith, was the only sophomore to make the team.

Motivated to prove his worth, Jordan became the star of Laney's junior varsity team, and tallied several 40-point games. The following summer, he grew four inches (10 cm) and trained rigorously. Upon earning a spot on the varsity roster, Jordan averaged more than 25 points per game (ppg) over his final two seasons of high school play. As a senior, he was selected to play in the 1981 McDonald's All-American Game and scored 30 points, after averaging 27 points, 12 rebounds and 6 assists per game for the season.

Jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs, including Duke, North Carolina, South Carolina, Syracuse, and Virginia. In 1981, Jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he majored in cultural geography.

College career

As a freshman in coach Dean Smith's team-oriented system, he was named ACC Freshman of the Year after he averaged 13.4 ppg on 53.4% shooting (field goal percentage). He made the game-winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown, which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons with the Tar Heels, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rpg. He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All-American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick, after Hakeem Olajuwon (Houston Rockets) and Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center. However, Trail Blazers general manager Stu Inman contended that it was not a matter of drafting a center, but more a matter of taking Sam Bowie over Jordan, in part because Portland already had Clyde Drexler, who was a guard with similar skills to Jordan. ESPN, citing Bowie's injury-laden college career, named the Blazers' choice of Bowie as the worst draft pick in North American professional sports history. Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986. He graduated the same year with a Bachelor of Arts degree in geography.

Professional career

Early NBA years (1984–1987)
During his rookie season with the Bulls, Jordan averaged 28.2 ppg on 51.5% shooting, and helped make a team that had won 35% of games in the previous three seasons playoff contenders. He quickly became a fan favorite even in opposing arenas, Roy S. Johnson of The New York Times described him as "the phenomenal rookie of the Bulls" in November, and Jordan appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated with the heading "A Star Is Born" in December. The fans also voted in Jordan as an All-Star starter during his rookie season. Controversy arose before the All-Star game when word surfaced that several veteran players—led by Isiah Thomas—were upset by the amount of attention Jordan was receiving. This led to a so-called "freeze-out" on Jordan, where players refused to pass the ball to him throughout the game. The controversy left Jordan relatively unaffected when he returned to regular season play, and he would go on to be voted Rookie of the Year. The Bulls finished the season 38–44 and lost to the Milwaukee Bucks in four games in the first round of the playoffs.

Jordan's second season was cut short when he broke his foot in the third game of the year, causing him to miss 64 games. The Bulls made the playoffs despite Jordan's injury and a 30–52 record, at the time the fifth worst record of any team to qualify for the playoffs in NBA history. Jordan recovered in time to participate in the postseason and performed well upon his return. Against a 1985–86 Boston Celtics team that is often considered one of the greatest in NBA history, Jordan set the still-unbroken record for points in a playoff game with 63 in Game 2. The Celtics, however, managed to sweep the series.

Jordan had completely recovered in time for the 1986–87 season, and he had one of the most prolific scoring seasons in NBA history. He became the only player other than Wilt Chamberlain to score 3,000 points in a season, averaging a league high 37.1 points on 48.2% shooting. In addition, Jordan demonstrated his defensive prowess, as he became the first player in NBA history to record 200 steals and 100 blocked shots in a season. Despite Jordan's success, Magic Johnson won the league's Most Valuable Player Award. The Bulls reached 40 wins, and advanced to the playoffs for the third consecutive year. However, they were again swept by the Celtics.

Pistons roadblock (1987–1990)

Jordan again led the league in scoring during the 1987–88 season, averaging 35.0 ppg on 53.5% shooting and won his first league MVP Award. He was also named the Defensive Player of the Year, as he had averaged 1.6 blocks and a league high 3.16 steals per game. The Bulls finished 50–32, and made it out of the first round of the playoffs for the first time in Jordan's career, as they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games. However, the Bulls then lost in five games to the more experienced Detroit Pistons, who were led by Isiah Thomas and a group of physical players known as the "Bad Boys".

In the 1988–89 season, Jordan again led the league in scoring, averaging 32.5 ppg on 53.8% shooting from the field, along with 8 rpg and 8 apg. The Bulls finished with a 47–35 record, and advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals, defeating the Cavaliers and New York Knicks along the way. The Cavaliers series included a career highlight for Jordan when he hit The Shot over Craig Ehlo at the buzzer in the fifth and final game of the series. However, the Pistons again defeated the Bulls, this time in six games, by utilizing their "Jordan Rules" method of guarding Jordan, which consisted of double and triple teaming him every time he touched the ball.

The Bulls entered the 1989–90 season as a team on the rise, with their core group of Jordan and young improving players like Scottie Pippen and Horace Grant, and under the guidance of new coach Phil Jackson. On March 28, 1990, Jordan scored a career-high 69 points in a 117–113 road win over the Cavaliers. He averaged a league leading 33.6 ppg on 52.6% shooting, to go with 6.9 rpg and 6.3 apg in leading the Bulls to a 55–27 record. They again advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals after beating the Bucks and Philadelphia 76ers. However, despite pushing the series to seven games, the Bulls lost to the Pistons for the third consecutive season.

First three-peat (1991–1993)
In the 1990–91 season, Jordan won his second MVP award after averaging 31.5 ppg on 53.9% shooting, 6.0 rpg, and 5.5 apg for the regular season. The Bulls finished in first place in their division for the first time in 16 years and set a franchise record with 61 wins in the regular season. With Scottie Pippen developing into an All-Star, the Bulls had elevated their play. The Bulls defeated the New York Knicks and the Philadelphia 76ers in the opening two rounds of the playoffs. They advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals where their rival, the Detroit Pistons, awaited them. However, this time the Bulls beat the Pistons in a four-game sweep.

The Bulls advanced to the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history to face the Los Angeles Lakers, who had Magic Johnson and James Worthy, two formidable opponents. The Bulls won the series four games to one, and compiled a 15–2 playoff record along the way. Perhaps the best known moment of the series came in Game 2 when, attempting a dunk, Jordan avoided a potential Sam Perkins block by switching the ball from his right hand to his left in mid-air to lay the shot into the basket. In his first Finals appearance, Jordan posted per game averages of 31.2 points on 56% shooting from the field, 11.4 assists, 6.6 rebounds, 2.8 steals, and 1.4 blocks. Jordan won his first NBA Finals MVP award, and he cried while holding the NBA Finals trophy.

Jordan and the Bulls continued their dominance in the 1991–92 season, establishing a 67–15 record, topping their franchise record from 1990–91. Jordan won his second consecutive MVP award with averages of 30.1 points, 6.4 rebounds and 6.1 assists per game on 52% shooting. After winning a physical 7-game series over the New York Knicks in the second round of the playoffs and finishing off the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Conference Finals in 6 games, the Bulls met Clyde Drexler and the Portland Trail Blazers in the Finals. The media, hoping to recreate a Magic–Bird rivalry, highlighted the similarities between "Air" Jordan and Clyde "The Glide" during the pre-Finals hype. In the first game, Jordan scored a Finals-record 35 points in the first half, including a record-setting six three-point field goals. After the sixth three-pointer, he jogged down the court shrugging as he looked courtside. Marv Albert, who broadcast the game, later stated that it was as if Jordan was saying, "I can't believe I'm doing this." The Bulls went on to win Game 1, and defeat the Blazers in six games. Jordan was named Finals MVP for the second year in a row and finished the series averaging 35.8 ppg, 4.8 rpg, and 6.5 apg, while shooting 53% from the floor.

In the 1992–93 season, despite a 32.6 ppg, 6.7 rpg, and 5.5 apg campaign and a second-place finish in Defensive Player of the Year voting, Jordan's streak of consecutive MVP seasons ended as he lost the award to his friend Charles Barkley. Coincidentally, Jordan and the Bulls met Barkley and his Phoenix Suns in the 1993 NBA Finals. The Bulls won their third NBA championship on a game-winning shot by John Paxson and a last-second block by Horace Grant, but Jordan was once again Chicago's leader. He averaged a Finals-record 41.0 ppg during the six-game series, and became the first player in NBA history to win three straight Finals MVP awards. He scored more than 30 points in every game of the series, including 40 or more points in 4 consecutive games. With his third Finals triumph, Jordan capped off a seven-year run where he attained seven scoring titles and three championships, but there were signs that Jordan was tiring of his massive celebrity and all of the non-basketball hassles in his life.

Gambling
During the Bulls' playoff run in 1993, Jordan was seen gambling in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the night before a game against the New York Knicks. The previous year, he admitted that he had to cover $57,000 in gambling losses, and author Richard Esquinas wrote a book in 1993 claiming he had won $1.25 million from Jordan on the golf course. NBA Commissioner David Stern denied in 1995 and 2006 that Jordan's 1993 retirement was a secret suspension by the league for gambling, but the rumor spread widely.

In 2005, Jordan discussed his gambling with Ed Bradley of 60 Minutes and admitted that he made reckless decisions. Jordan stated, "Yeah, I've gotten myself into situations where I would not walk away and I've pushed the envelope. Is that compulsive? Yeah, it depends on how you look at it. If you're willing to jeopardize your livelihood and your family, then yeah". When Bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the level where it jeopardized his livelihood or family, Jordan replied, "No". In 2010 Ron Shelton, director of Jordan Rides the Bus, said that he began working on the documentary believing that the NBA had suspended him, but that research "convinced [him it] was nonsense".

First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)

On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the death of his father three months earlier also shaped his decision. Jordan's father was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery, who carjacked his luxury Lexus bearing the license plate "UNC 0023". His body was dumped in a South Carolina swamp and was not discovered until August 3. The assailants were traced from calls that they made on James Jordan's cell phone. The two criminals were caught, convicted at trial, and sentenced to life in prison. Jordan was close to his father; as a child he had imitated his father's proclivity to stick out his tongue while absorbed in work. He later adopted it as his own signature, displaying it each time he drove to the basket. In 1996, he founded a Chicago area Boys & Girls Club and dedicated it to his father.

In his 1998 autobiography For the Love of the Game, Jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992. The added exhaustion due to the Dream Team run in the 1992 Olympics solidified Jordan's feelings about the game and his ever-growing celebrity status. Jordan's announcement sent shock waves throughout the NBA and appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world.

Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a Minor League Baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox on February 7, 1994. He reported to spring training in Sarasota, Florida, and was assigned to the team's minor league system on March 31, 1994. Jordan has stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of his late father, who had always envisioned his son as a Major League Baseball player. The White Sox were another team owned by Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf, who continued to honor Jordan's basketball contract during the years he played baseball.

In 1994, Jordan played for the Birmingham Barons, a Double-A minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, batting .202 with three home runs, 51 runs batted in, 30 stolen bases, 114 strikeouts, 51 base on balls, and 11 errors. He also appeared for the Scottsdale Scorpions in the 1994 Arizona Fall League, batting .252 against the top prospects in baseball. On November 1, 1994, his number 23 was retired by the Bulls in a ceremony that included the erection of a permanent sculpture known as The Spirit outside the new United Center.

"I'm back": Return to the NBA (1995)
In the 1993–94 season, the Bulls achieved a 55–27 record without Jordan in the lineup, and lost to the New York Knicks in the second round of the playoffs. The 1994–95 Bulls were a shell of the championship team of just two years earlier. Struggling at mid-season to ensure a spot in the playoffs, Chicago was 31–31 at one point in mid-March. The team received help, however, when Jordan decided to return to the Bulls.

In March 1995, Jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing Major League Baseball strike, as he wanted to avoid becoming a potential replacement player. On March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a two-word press release: "I'm back." The next day, Jordan took to the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana Pacers in Indianapolis, scoring 19 points. The game had the highest Nielsen rating of a regular season NBA game since 1975. Although he could have opted to wear his normal number in spite of the Bulls having retired it, Jordan instead wore number 45, as he had while playing baseball.

Although he had not played an NBA game in a year and a half, Jordan played well upon his return, making a game-winning jump shot against Atlanta in his fourth game back. He then scored 55 points in the next game against the Knicks at Madison Square Garden on March 28, 1995. Boosted by Jordan's comeback, the Bulls went 13–4 to make the playoffs and advanced to the Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Orlando Magic. At the end of Game 1, Orlando's Nick Anderson stripped Jordan from behind, leading to the game-winning basket for the Magic; he would later comment that Jordan "didn't look like the old Michael Jordan" and that "No. 45 doesn't explode like No. 23 used to."

Jordan responded by scoring 38 points in the next game, which Chicago won. Before the game, Jordan decided that he would immediately resume wearing his former number, 23. The Bulls were fined $25,000 for failing to report the impromptu number change to the NBA. Jordan was fined an additional $5,000 for opting to wear white sneakers when the rest of the Bulls wore black. He averaged 31 points per game in the series, but Orlando won the series in six games.

Second three-peat (1995–1998)
Jordan was freshly motivated by the playoff defeat, and he trained aggressively for the 1995–96 season. The Bulls were strengthened by the addition of rebound specialist Dennis Rodman, and the team dominated the league, starting the season at 41–3. The Bulls eventually finished with the then-best regular season record in NBA history, 72–10; this record was later surpassed by the 2015–16 Golden State Warriors. Jordan led the league in scoring with 30.4 ppg and won the league's regular season and All-Star Game MVP awards.

In the playoffs, the Bulls lost only three games in four series (Miami Heat 3–0, New York Knicks 4–1, Orlando Magic 4–0). They defeated the Seattle SuperSonics 4–2 in the NBA Finals to win their fourth championship. Jordan was named Finals MVP for a record fourth time, surpassing Magic Johnson's three Finals MVP awards. He also achieved only the second sweep of the MVP Awards in the All-Star Game, regular season and NBA Finals, Willis Reed having achieved the first, during the 1969–70 season. Because this was Jordan's first championship since his father's murder, and it was won on Father's Day, Jordan reacted very emotionally upon winning the title, including a memorable scene of him crying on the locker room floor with the game ball.

In the 1996–97 season, the Bulls started out 69–11, but missed out on a second consecutive 70-win season by losing their final two games to finish 69–13. However, this year Jordan was beaten for the NBA MVP Award by Karl Malone. The Bulls again advanced to the Finals, where they faced Malone and the Utah Jazz. The series against the Jazz featured two of the more memorable clutch moments of Jordan's career. He won Game 1 for the Bulls with a buzzer-beating jump shot. In Game 5, with the series tied at 2, Jordan played despite being feverish and dehydrated from a stomach virus. In what is known as the "Flu Game", Jordan scored 38 points, including the game-deciding 3-pointer with 25 seconds remaining. The Bulls won 90–88 and went on to win the series in six games. For the fifth time in as many Finals appearances, Jordan received the Finals MVP award. During the 1997 NBA All-Star Game, Jordan posted the first triple double in All-Star Game history in a victorious effort; however, he did not receive the MVP award.

Jordan and the Bulls compiled a 62–20 record in the 1997–98 season. Jordan led the league with 28.7 points per game, securing his fifth regular-season MVP award, plus honors for All-NBA First Team, First Defensive Team and the All-Star Game MVP. The Bulls won the Eastern Conference Championship for a third straight season, including surviving a seven-game series with the Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Conference Finals; it was the first time Jordan had played in a Game 7 since the 1992 Eastern Conference Semifinals with the Knicks. After winning, they moved on for a rematch with the Jazz in the Finals.

The Bulls returned to the Delta Center for Game 6 on June 14, 1998, leading the series 3–2. Jordan executed a series of plays, considered to be one of the greatest clutch performances in NBA Finals history. With the Bulls trailing 86–83 with 41.9 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter, Phil Jackson called a timeout. When play resumed, Jordan received the inbound pass, drove to the basket, and hit a shot over several Jazz defenders, cutting the Utah lead to 86–85. The Jazz brought the ball upcourt and passed the ball to forward Karl Malone, who was set up in the low post and was being guarded by Rodman. Malone jostled with Rodman and caught the pass, but Jordan cut behind him and took the ball out of his hands for a steal. Jordan then dribbled down the court and paused, eyeing his defender, Jazz guard Bryon Russell. With 10 seconds remaining, Jordan started to dribble right, then crossed over to his left, possibly pushing off Russell, although the officials did not call a foul. With 5.2 seconds left, Jordan made the climactic shot of his Bulls career. Chicago took an 87–86 lead with his jumper over Russell. Afterwards, the Jazz' John Stockton narrowly missed a game-winning three-pointer. The buzzer sounded and Jordan and the Bulls won their sixth NBA championship, achieving their second three-peat in the decade. Once again, Jordan was voted the Finals MVP, having led all scorers averaging 33.5 points per game, including 45 in the deciding Game 6. Jordan's six Finals MVPs is a record; Shaquille O'Neal, Magic Johnson, LeBron James and Tim Duncan are tied for second place with three apiece. The 1998 Finals holds the highest television rating of any Finals series in history. Game 6 also holds the highest television rating of any game in NBA history.

Second retirement (1999–2001)

With Phil Jackson's contract expiring, the pending departures of Scottie Pippen and Dennis Rodman looming, and being in the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, Jordan retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. On January 19, 2000, Jordan returned to the NBA not as a player, but as part owner and president of basketball operations for the Washington Wizards. Jordan's responsibilities with the Wizards were comprehensive. He controlled all aspects of the Wizards' basketball operations, and had the final say in all personnel matters. Opinions of Jordan as a basketball executive were mixed. He managed to purge the team of several highly paid, unpopular players (such as forward Juwan Howard and point guard Rod Strickland), but used the first pick in the 2001 NBA draft to select high schooler Kwame Brown, who did not live up to expectations and was traded away after four seasons.

Despite his January 1999 claim that he was "99.9% certain" that he would never play another NBA game, in the summer of 2001 Jordan expressed interest in making another comeback, this time with his new team. Inspired by the NHL comeback of his friend Mario Lemieux the previous winter, Jordan spent much of the spring and summer of 2001 in training, holding several invitation-only camps for NBA players in Chicago. In addition, Jordan hired his old Chicago Bulls head coach, Doug Collins, as Washington's coach for the upcoming season, a decision that many saw as foreshadowing another Jordan return.

Washington Wizards comeback (2001–2003)

On September 25, 2001, Jordan announced his return to the NBA to play for the Washington Wizards, indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the September 11 attacks. In an injury-plagued 2001–02 season, he led the team in scoring (22.9 ppg), assists (5.2 apg), and steals (1.42 spg). However, torn cartilage in his right knee ended Jordan's season after only 60 games, the fewest he had played in a regular season since playing 17 games after returning from his first retirement during the 1994–95 season. Jordan started 53 of his 60 games for the season, averaging 24.3 points, 5.4 assists, and 6.0 rebounds, and shooting 41.9% from the field in his 53 starts. His last seven appearances were in a reserve role, in which he averaged just over 20 minutes per game.

Playing in his 14th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2003, Jordan passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the all-time leading scorer in All-Star Game history (a record since broken by Kobe Bryant). That year, Jordan was the only Washington player to play in all 82 games, starting in 67 of them. He averaged 20.0 points, 6.1 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals per game. He also shot 45% from the field, and 82% from the free throw line. Even though he turned 40 during the season, he scored 20 or more points 42 times, 30 or more points nine times, and 40 or more points three times. On February 21, 2003, Jordan became the first 40-year-old to tally 43 points in an NBA game. During his stint with the Wizards, all of Jordan's home games at the MCI Center were sold out, and the Wizards were the second most-watched team in the NBA, averaging 20,172 fans a game at home and 19,311 on the road. However, neither of Jordan's final two seasons resulted in a playoff appearance for the Wizards, and Jordan was often unsatisfied with the play of those around him. At several points he openly criticized his teammates to the media, citing their lack of focus and intensity, notably that of the number one draft pick in the 2001 NBA draft, Kwame Brown.

With the recognition that 2002–03 would be Jordan's final season, tributes were paid to him throughout the NBA. In his final game at the United Center in Chicago, which was his old home court, Jordan received a four-minute standing ovation. The Miami Heat retired the number 23 jersey on April 11, 2003, even though Jordan never played for the team. At the 2003 All-Star Game, Jordan was offered a starting spot from Tracy McGrady and Allen Iverson, but refused both. In the end, he accepted the spot of Vince Carter.

Jordan played in his final NBA game on April 16, 2003, in Philadelphia. After scoring only 13 points in the game, Jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and his team trailing the Philadelphia 76ers, 75–56. Just after the start of the fourth quarter, the First Union Center crowd began chanting "We want Mike!" After much encouragement from coach Doug Collins, Jordan finally rose from the bench and re-entered the game, replacing Larry Hughes with 2:35 remaining. At 1:45, Jordan was intentionally fouled by the 76ers' Eric Snow, and stepped to the line to make both free throws. After the second foul shot, the 76ers in-bounded the ball to rookie John Salmons, who in turn was intentionally fouled by Bobby Simmons one second later, stopping time so that Jordan could return to the bench. Jordan received a three-minute standing ovation from his teammates, his opponents, the officials, and the crowd of 21,257 fans.

National team career

Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning American basketball teams. He won a gold medal as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics. The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured players such as Patrick Ewing, Sam Perkins, Chris Mullin, Steve Alford, and Wayman Tisdale. Jordan led the team in scoring, averaging 17.1 ppg for the tournament.

In the 1992 Summer Olympics, he was a member of the star-studded squad that included Magic Johnson and Larry Bird that was dubbed the "Dream Team". Jordan was the only player to start all eight games in the Olympics. Playing limited minutes due to the frequent blowouts, Jordan averaged 14.9 ppg, finishing second on the team in scoring. Jordan and fellow Dream Team members Ewing and Mullin are the only American men's basketball players to win Olympic gold medals as amateurs and professionals.

Post-retirement

After his third retirement, Jordan assumed that he would be able to return to his front office position as Director of Basketball Operations with the Wizards. However, his previous tenure in the Wizards' front office had produced the aforementioned mixed results and may have also influenced the trade of Richard "Rip" Hamilton for Jerry Stackhouse (although Jordan was not technically Director of Basketball Operations in 2002). On May 7, 2003, Wizards owner Abe Pollin fired Jordan as the team's president of basketball operations. Jordan later stated that he felt betrayed, and that if he had known he would be fired upon retiring he never would have come back to play for the Wizards.

Jordan kept busy over the next few years. He stayed in shape, played golf in celebrity charity tournaments, and spent time with his family in Chicago. He also promoted his Jordan Brand clothing line and rode motorcycles. Since 2004, Jordan has owned Michael Jordan Motorsports, a professional closed-course motorcycle road racing team that competed with two Suzukis in the premier Superbike championship sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) until the end of the 2013 season.

Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets
On June 15, 2006, Jordan bought a minority stake in the Charlotte Bobcats, becoming the team's second-largest shareholder behind majority owner Robert L. Johnson. As part of the deal, Jordan took full control over the basketball side of the operation, with the title "Managing Member of Basketball Operations." Despite Jordan's previous success as an endorser, he has made an effort not to be included in Charlotte's marketing campaigns. A decade earlier, Jordan had made a bid to become part-owner of Charlotte's original NBA team, the Charlotte Hornets, but talks collapsed when owner George Shinn refused to give Jordan complete control of basketball operations.

In February 2010, it was reported that Jordan was seeking majority ownership of the Bobcats, who changed their nickname to the Hornets in 2014. As February wore on, it became apparent that Jordan and former Houston Rockets president George Postolos were the leading contenders for ownership of the team. On February 27, the Bobcats announced that Johnson had reached an agreement with Jordan and his group, MJ Basketball Holdings, to buy the team pending NBA approval. On March 17, the NBA Board of Governors unanimously approved Jordan's purchase, making him the first former player to become the majority owner of an NBA team. It also made him the league's only African-American majority owner of an NBA team.

During the 2011 NBA lockout, The New York Times wrote that Jordan led a group of 10 to 14 hardline owners who wanted to cap the players' share of basketball-related income at 50 percent and as low as 47. Journalists observed that, during the labor dispute in 1998, Jordan had told Washington Wizards then-owner Abe Pollin, "If you can't make a profit, you should sell your team." Jason Whitlock of FoxSports.com called Jordan a "sellout" wanting "current players to pay for his incompetence." He cited Jordan's executive decisions to draft disappointing players Kwame Brown and Adam Morrison.

During the 2011–12 NBA season that was shortened to 66 games by the lockout, the Bobcats posted a 7–59 record. Their .106 winning percentage was the worst in NBA history. "I'm not real happy about the record book scenario last year. It's very, very frustrating", Jordan said later that year. During the 2019 NBA offseason, Jordan sold a minority piece of the Hornets to Gabe Plotkin and Daniel Sundheim, retaining the majority of the team for himself.

Player profile

Jordan was a shooting guard who was also capable of playing as a small forward (the position he would primarily play during his second return to professional basketball with the Washington Wizards), and as a point guard. Jordan was known throughout his career for being a strong clutch performer. With the Bulls, he decided 25 games with field goals or free throws in the last 30 seconds, including two NBA Finals games and five other playoff contests. His competitiveness was visible in his prolific trash-talk and well-known work ethic. Jordan often used perceived slights to fuel his performances. Sportswriter Wright Thompson described him as "a killer, in the Darwinian sense of the word, immediately sensing and attacking someone's weakest spot." As the Bulls organization built the franchise around Jordan, management had to trade away players who were not "tough enough" to compete with him in practice. To help improve his defense, he spent extra hours studying film of opponents. On offense, he relied more upon instinct and improvization at game time.

Noted as a durable player, Jordan did not miss four or more games while active for a full season from 1986–87 to 2001–02, when he injured his right knee. Of the 15 seasons Jordan was in the NBA, he played all 82 regular season games nine times. Jordan has frequently cited David Thompson, Walter Davis, and Jerry West as influences. Confirmed at the start of his career, and possibly later on, Jordan had a special "Love of the Game Clause" written into his contract (unusual at the time) which allowed him to play basketball against anyone at any time, anywhere.

Jordan had a versatile offensive game. He was capable of aggressively driving to the basket, as well as drawing fouls from his opponents at a high rate; his 8,772 free throw attempts are the 11th-highest total in NBA history. As his career progressed, Jordan also developed the ability to post up his opponents and score with his trademark fadeaway jump shot, using his leaping ability to "fade away" from block attempts. According to Hubie Brown, this move alone made him nearly unstoppable. Despite media criticism as a "selfish" player early in his career, Jordan's 5.3 assists per game also indicate his willingness to defer to his teammates. After shooting under 30% from three-point range in his first five seasons in the NBA, including a career-low 13% in the  season, Jordan improved to a career-high 50% in the  season. The three-point shot became more of a focus of his game from 1994–95 to 1996–97, when the NBA shortened its three-point line to  (from ). His three-point field-goal percentages ranged from 35% to 43% in seasons in which he attempted at least 230 three-pointers between 1989–90 and 1996–97. For a guard, Jordan was also a good rebounder (6.2 per game).

In 1988, Jordan was honored with the NBA's Defensive Player of the Year Award and became the first NBA player to win both the Defensive Player of the Year and Most Valuable Player awards in a career (since equaled by Hakeem Olajuwon, David Robinson, and Kevin Garnett; Olajuwon is the only player other than Jordan to win both during the same season). In addition, he set both seasonal and career records for blocked shots by a guard, and combined this with his ball-thieving ability to become a standout defensive player. He ranks third in NBA history in total steals with 2,514, trailing John Stockton and Jason Kidd. Jerry West often stated that he was more impressed with Jordan's defensive contributions than his offensive ones. He was also known to have strong eyesight; broadcaster Al Michaels said that he was able to read baseball box scores on a 27-inch (69 cm) television clearly from about 50 feet (15 m) away.

NBA career statistics

Regular season

|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||38.3||.515||.173||.845||6.5||5.9||2.4||.8||28.2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|18||7||25.1||.457||.167||.840||3.6||2.9||2.1||1.2||22.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||40.0||.482||.182||.857||5.2||4.6||2.9||1.5|| style="background:#cfecec;"| 37.1*
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||bgcolor="CFECEC"| 40.4*||.535||.132||.841||5.5||5.9||bgcolor="CFECEC"| 3.2*||1.6|| style="background:#cfecec;"| 35.0*
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|81||81||bgcolor="CFECEC"| 40.2*||.538||.276||.850||8.0||8.0||2.9||.8|| style="background:#cfecec;"| 32.5*
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||39.0||.526||.376||.848||6.9||6.3||bgcolor="CFECEC"| 2.8*||.7|| style="background:#cfecec;"| 33.6*
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||37.0||.539||.312||.851||6.0||5.5||2.7||1.0|| style="background:#cfecec;"| 31.5*
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|80||80||38.8||.519||.270||.832||6.4||6.1||2.3||.9|| style="background:#cfecec;" |30.1*
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|78||78||39.3||.495||.352||.837||6.7||5.5||bgcolor="CFECEC"| 2.8*||.8|| style="background:#cfecec;" |32.6*
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|17||17||39.3||.411||.500||.801||6.9||5.3||1.8||.8||26.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||37.7||.495||.427||.834||6.6||4.3||2.2||.5|| style="background:#cfecec;"| 30.4*
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||37.9||.486||.374||.833||5.9||4.3||1.7||.5|| style="background:#cfecec;" | 29.6*
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|82|| 82||38.8||.465||.238||.784||5.8||3.5||1.7||.5|| style="background:#cfecec;" | 28.7*
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Washington
|60||53||34.9||.416||.189||.790||5.7||5.2||1.4||.4||22.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Washington
|82||67||37.0||.445||.291||.821||6.1||3.8||1.5||.5||20.0
|- class="sortbottom"
|style="text-align:center;" colspan=2|Career
|1,072||1,039||38.3||.497||.327||.835||6.2||5.3||2.3||.8||style="background:#E0CEF2; width:3em"|30.1
|- class="sortbottom"
|style="text-align:center;" colspan=2|All-Star
|13||13||29.4||.472||.273||.750||4.7||4.2||2.8||.5||20.2
|}

Playoffs

|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1985
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|4||4||42.8||.436||.125||.828||5.8||8.5||2.8||1.0||29.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1986
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|3||3||45.0||.505||1.000||.872||6.3||5.7||2.3||1.3||43.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1987
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|3||3||42.7||.417||.400||.897||7.0||6.0||2.0||2.3||35.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1988
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|10||10||42.7||.531||.333||.869||7.1||4.7||2.4||1.1||36.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1989
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|17||17||42.2||.510||.286||.799||7.0||7.6||2.5||.8||34.8
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1990
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|16||16||42.1||.514||.320||.836||7.2||6.8||2.8||.9||36.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|1991†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|17||17||40.5||.524||.385||.845||6.4||8.4||2.4||1.4||31.1
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|1992†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|22||22||41.8||.499||.386||.857||6.2||5.8||2.0||.7||34.5
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|1993†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|19||19||41.2||.475||.389||.805||6.7||6.0||2.1||.9||35.1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1995
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|10||10||42.0||.484||.367||.810||6.5||4.5||2.3||1.4||31.5
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|1996†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|18||18||40.7||.459||.403||.818||4.9||4.1||1.8||.3||30.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|1997†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|19||19||42.3||.456||.194||.831||7.9||4.8||1.6||.9||31.1
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|1998†
|style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
|21||21||41.5||.462||.302||.812||5.1||3.5||1.5||.6||32.4
|- class="sortbottom"
|style="text-align:center;" colspan=2|Career
|179||179||41.8||.487||.332||.828||6.4||5.7||2.1||.8||style="background:#E0CEF2; width:3em"|33.4
|}
Source:

Legacy

Jordan's talent was clear from his first NBA season; by November he was being compared to Julius Erving. Larry Bird said that he had "Never seen anyone like him", that Jordan was "One of a kind" and the best player he had ever seen, and comparable to Wayne Gretzky as an athlete. In his first game in Madison Square Garden against the New York Knicks, Jordan received a standing ovation of almost one minute. After he scored a playoff record 63 points against the Boston Celtics on April 20, 1986, Bird described him as "God disguised as Michael Jordan".

Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles. He was also a fixture on the NBA All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times (NBA record shared with Gary Payton, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant). Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game, respectively. By 1998, the season of his Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs; he would always ask for the ball at crunch time. Jordan's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the second-highest in NBA history. He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play, placing him fifth on the NBA's all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, Kobe Bryant, and LeBron James.

With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place with Bill Russell—only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has won more, with six), six Finals MVPs (NBA record), and three All-Star Game MVPs, Jordan is the most decorated player in NBA history. Jordan finished among the top three in regular-season MVP voting 10 times, and was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996. He is one of only seven players in history to win an NCAA championship, an NBA championship, and an Olympic gold medal (doing so twice with the 1984 and 1992 U.S. men's basketball teams). Since 1976, the year of the NBA's merger with the American Basketball Association, Jordan and Pippen are the only two players to win six NBA Finals playing for one team. In the All-Star Game fan ballot, Jordan received the most votes nine times, more than any other player.

Many of Jordan's contemporaries have said that Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time. In 1999, an ESPN survey of journalists, athletes and other sports figures ranked Jordan the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century, above such luminaries as Babe Ruth and Muhammad Ali. Jordan placed second to Babe Ruth in the Associated Press' December 1999 list of 20th century athletes. In addition, the Associated Press voted him the greatest basketball player of the 20th century. Jordan has also appeared on the front cover of Sports Illustrated a record 50 times. In the September 1996 issue of Sport, which was the publication's 50th-anniversary issue, Jordan was named the greatest athlete of the past 50 years.

Jordan's athletic leaping ability, highlighted in his back-to-back Slam Dunk Contest championships in 1987 and 1988, is credited by many people with having influenced a generation of young players. Several current NBA players—including LeBron James and Dwyane Wade—have stated that they considered Jordan their role model while they were growing up. In addition, commentators have dubbed a number of next-generation players "the next Michael Jordan" upon their entry to the NBA, including Penny Hardaway, Grant Hill, Allen Iverson, Bryant, James, Vince Carter, and Dwyane Wade. Although Jordan was a well-rounded player, his "Air Jordan" image is also often credited with inadvertently decreasing the jump shooting skills, defense, and fundamentals of young players, a fact Jordan himself has lamented.

During his heyday, Jordan did much to increase the status of the game. Television ratings increased only during his time in the league. The popularity of the NBA in the U.S. declined after his last title. As late as 2015, Finals ratings had not returned to the level reached during his last championship-winning season.

In August 2009, the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, opened a Michael Jordan exhibit that contained items from his college and NBA careers, as well as from the 1992 "Dream Team". The exhibit also has a batting glove to signify Jordan's short career in Minor League Baseball. After Jordan received word of his acceptance into the Hall of Fame, he selected Class of 1996 member David Thompson to present him. As Jordan would later explain during his induction speech in September 2009, when he was growing up in North Carolina, he was not a fan of the Tar Heels and greatly admired Thompson, who played at rival North Carolina State. In September, he was inducted into the Hall with several former Bulls teammates in attendance, including Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, Charles Oakley, Ron Harper, Steve Kerr, and Toni Kukoč. Two of Jordan's former coaches, Dean Smith and Doug Collins, were also among those present. His emotional reaction during his speech—when he began to cry—was captured by Associated Press photographer Stephan Savoia and would later go viral on social media as the Crying Jordan Internet meme. In 2016, President Barack Obama honored Jordan with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Personal life
Jordan married Juanita Vanoy in September 1989, and they had two sons, Jeffrey and Marcus, and a daughter, Jasmine. Jordan and Vanoy filed for divorce on January 4, 2002, citing irreconcilable differences, but reconciled shortly thereafter. They again filed for divorce and were granted a final decree of dissolution of marriage on December 29, 2006, commenting that the decision was made "mutually and amicably". It is reported that Juanita received a $168 million settlement (equivalent to $ million in ), making it the largest celebrity divorce settlement on public record at the time.

In 1991, Jordan purchased a lot in Highland Park, Illinois, to build a 56,000 square-foot (5,200 m2) mansion, which was completed four years later. Jordan listed his Highland Park mansion for sale in 2012. His two sons attended Loyola Academy, a private Roman Catholic high school located in Wilmette, Illinois. Jeffrey graduated as a member of the 2007 graduating class and played his first collegiate basketball game on November 11, 2007, for the University of Illinois. After two seasons, Jeffrey left the Illinois basketball team in 2009. He later rejoined the team for a third season, then received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida, where Marcus was attending. Marcus transferred to Whitney Young High School after his sophomore year at Loyola Academy and graduated in 2009. He began attending UCF in the fall of 2009, and played three seasons of basketball for the school.

Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older brothers, Larry Jordan and James R. Jordan Jr., one older sister, Deloris, and one younger sister, Roslyn. James retired in 2006 as the Command Sergeant Major of the 35th Signal Brigade of the XVIII Airborne Corps in the U.S. Army. Jordan's nephew through Larry, Justin Jordan, played Division I basketball at UNC Greensboro.

On July 21, 2006, a judge in Cook County, Illinois, determined that Jordan did not owe his alleged former lover Karla Knafel $5 million in a breach of contract claim. Jordan had allegedly paid Knafel $250,000 to keep their relationship a secret. Knafel claimed Jordan promised her $5 million for remaining silent and agreeing not to file a paternity suit after Knafel learned she was pregnant in 1991. A DNA test showed Jordan was not the father of the child.

He proposed to his longtime girlfriend, Cuban-American model Yvette Prieto, on Christmas 2011, and they were married on April 27, 2013, at Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church. It was announced on November 30, 2013, that the two were expecting their first child together. On February 11, 2014, Prieto gave birth to identical twin daughters named Victoria and Ysabel. Jordan became a grandfather in 2019 when his daughter Jasmine gave birth to a son, whose father is professional basketball player Rakeem Christmas.

Charity
From 2001 to 2014, Jordan hosted an annual golf tournament, the Michael Jordan Celebrity Invitational, that raised money for various charities. In 2006, Jordan and his wife Juanita pledged $5 million to Chicago's Hales Franciscan High School. The Jordan Brand has made donations to Habitat for Humanity and a Louisiana branch of the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.

The Make-A-Wish Foundation named Jordan its Chief Wish Ambassador in 2008. Five years later, he granted his 200th wish for the organization. As of 2019, he has raised more than $5 million for the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

In 2015, Jordan donated a settlement of undisclosed size from a lawsuit against supermarkets that had used his name without permission to 23 different Chicago charities. Jordan funded two Novant Health Michael Jordan Family Clinics in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 2017 by giving $7 million, the biggest donation he had made at the time. One year later, after Hurricane Florence damaged parts of North Carolina, including his former hometown of Wilmington, Jordan donated $2 million to relief efforts. He gave $1 million to aid the Bahamas' recovery following Hurricane Dorian in 2019.

Media figure and business interests

Endorsements

Jordan is one of the most marketed sports figures in history. He has been a major spokesman for such brands as Nike, Coca-Cola, Chevrolet, Gatorade, McDonald's, Ball Park Franks, Rayovac, Wheaties, Hanes, and MCI. Jordan has had a long relationship with Gatorade, appearing in over 20 commercials for the company since 1991, including the "Be Like Mike" commercials in which a song was sung by children wishing to be like Jordan.

Nike created a signature shoe for him, called the Air Jordan, in 1984. One of Jordan's more popular commercials for the shoe involved Spike Lee playing the part of Mars Blackmon. In the commercials Lee, as Blackmon, attempted to find the source of Jordan's abilities and became convinced that "it's gotta be the shoes". The hype and demand for the shoes even brought on a spate of "shoe-jackings" where people were robbed of their sneakers at gunpoint. Subsequently, Nike spun off the Jordan line into its own division named the "Jordan Brand". The company features an impressive list of athletes and celebrities as endorsers. The brand has also sponsored college sports programs such as those of North Carolina, California, Georgetown, and Marquette.

Jordan also has been associated with the Looney Tunes cartoon characters. A Nike commercial shown during 1992's Super Bowl XXVI featured Jordan and Bugs Bunny playing basketball. The Super Bowl commercial inspired the 1996 live action/animated film Space Jam, which starred Jordan and Bugs in a fictional story set during the former's first retirement from basketball. They have subsequently appeared together in several commercials for MCI. Jordan also made an appearance in the music video of Michael Jackson's "Jam" (1992).

Jordan's yearly income from the endorsements is estimated to be over $40 million. In addition, when Jordan's power at the ticket gates was at its highest point, the Bulls regularly sold out both their home and road games. Due to this, Jordan set records in player salary by signing annual contracts worth in excess of US$30 million per season. An academic study found that Jordan's first NBA comeback resulted in an increase in the market capitalization of his client firms of more than $1 billion.

Most of Jordan's endorsement deals, including his first deal with Nike, were engineered by his agent, David Falk. Jordan has described Falk as "the best at what he does" and that "marketing-wise, he's great. He's the one who came up with the concept of 'Air Jordan.'"

Business ventures
In June 2010, Jordan was ranked by Forbes magazine as the 20th-most powerful celebrity in the world with $55 million earned between June 2009 and June 2010. According to the Forbes article, Jordan Brand generates $1 billion in sales for Nike. In June 2014, Jordan was named the first NBA player to become a billionaire, after he increased his stake in the Charlotte Hornets from 80% to 89.5%. On January 20, 2015, Jordan was honored with the Charlotte Business Journal'''s Business Person of the Year for 2014. In 2017, he became a part owner of the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball.Forbes designated Jordan as the athlete with the highest career earnings in 2017. From his Jordan Brand income and endorsements, Jordan's 2015 income was an estimated $110 million, the most of any retired athlete. , his current net worth is estimated at $1.9 billion by Forbes. Jordan is the fourth-richest African-American as of 2019, behind Robert F. Smith, David Steward, and Oprah Winfrey.

Jordan co-owns an automotive group which bears his name. The company has a Nissan dealership in Durham, North Carolina, acquired in 1990, and formerly had a Lincoln–Mercury dealership from 1995 until its closure in June 2009.Michael Jordan dealership in Durham to close, WRAL-TV, June 17, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2019. The company also owned a Nissan franchise in Glen Burnie, Maryland. The restaurant industry is another business interest of Jordan's. His restaurants include a steakhouse in New York City's Grand Central Terminal, among others. Jordan is the majority investor in a golf course, Grove XXIII, under construction in Hobe Sound, Florida.

 Books
Jordan has authored several books focusing on his life, basketball career, and world view.
 Rare Air: Michael on Michael (1993) with Mark Vancil and Walter Iooss.Warren, James. Rare DEA, Chicago Tribune, October 24, 1993. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
 I Can't Accept Not Trying: Michael Jordan on the Pursuit of Excellence (1994) with Mark Vancil and Sandro Miller.
 For the Love of the Game: My Story (1998) with Mark Vancil.
 Driven from Within (2005) with Mark Vancil.

 Awards and honors

 College

 NCAA national championship – 1981–82
 ACC Freshman of the Year – 1981–82
 Two-time Consensus NCAA All-American First Team – 1982–83, 1983–84
 ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year – 1983–84
 USBWA College Player of the Year – 1983–84
 Naismith College Player of the Year – 1983–84
 Adolph Rupp Trophy – 1983–84
 John R. Wooden Award – 1983–84
 Number 23 retired by the North Carolina Tar Heels

 NBA

 Six-time NBA champion – 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
 Six-time NBA Finals MVP – 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
 Five-time NBA MVP – 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998
 10-time NBA scoring leader – 1987–1993, 1996–1998
 14-time NBA All-Star – 1985–1993, 1996–1998, 2002, 2003
 Three-time NBA All-Star Game MVP – 1988, 1996, 1998
 11-time All-NBA Team:
 First team – 1987–1993, 1996–1998
 Second team – 1985
 Nine-time NBA All-Defensive First Team – 1988–1993, 1996–1998
 Two-time NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion – 1987, 1988
 NBA Rookie of the Year –
 Two-time IBM Award winner – 1985, 1989
 NBA Defensive Player of the Year –
 Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996
 Number 23 retired by the Chicago Bulls
 Number 23 retired by the Miami Heat

 Other

 Two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
 class of 2009 – individual
 class of 2010 – as a member of the "Dream Team"
 United States Olympic Hall of Fame – class of 2009 (as a member of the "Dream Team")
 FIBA Hall of Fame – class of 2015
 Two-time Olympic Gold Medal winner – 1984, 1992
 "Triple Crown of Basketball" winner
 Three-time Associated Press Athlete of the Year – 1991, 1992, 1993
 Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year – 1991
 Section of Madison Street in Chicago renamed Michael Jordan Drive – 1994
 Ranked No.1 by Slam magazine's Top 50 Players of All-Time
 Ranked No.1 by ESPN SportsCentury's Top North American Athletes of the 20th century
 North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame
 1997 Marca Leyenda winner
 10-time ESPY Award winner (in various categories)
 Statue in front of the United Center
 2016 Presidential Medal of Freedom

 See also

 List of athletes who came out of retirement
 Michael Jordan's Restaurant
 Michael Jordan: Chaos in the Windy City Michael Jordan in Flight NBA 2K11 NBA 2K12 Notes

 References

 Sources

 Condor, Bob. Michael Jordan's 50 Greatest Games. Carol Publishing Group, 1998. .
 Halberstam, David. Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made. Broadway Books, 2000. .
 Jordan, Michael. For the Love of the Game: My Story. New York City: Crown Publishers, 1998. .
 Kruger, Mitchell. One Last Shot: The Story of Michael Jordan's Comeback. New York City: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2003. .
 Lazenby, Roland. Michael Jordan: The Life. New York City: Little, Brown and Company, 2014. .
 LaFeber, Walter. Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism. W. W. Norton, 2002. .
 Markovits, Andrei S. and Lars Rensman. Gaming the World: How Sports are Reshaping Global Politics and Culture. Princeton University Press, June 3, 2010. .
 Porter, David L. Michael Jordan: A Biography, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. .
 Rein, Irving J., Philip Kotler and Ben Shields. The Elusive Fan: Reinventing Sports in a Crowded Marketplace. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2006. .
 Sachare, Alex. The Chicago Bulls Encyclopedia. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1999. .
 The Sporting News Official NBA Register 1994–95. The Sporting News'', 1994. .

Further reading

External links

Category:1963 births
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Aleksandar Seksan

Aleksandar Seksan (born 24 August 1968) is a Bosnian actor. He appeared in more than thirty films since 1997. Most notably, he starred in the 2003 multiple award-winning Bosnian film Remake.

Selected filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina male actors


KF Burreli

Klubi i Futbollit Burreli is an Albanian football club based in Burrel, Mat District. Their home ground is the Liri Ballabani Stadium and they compete in the Albanian First Division.

History
The club was founded in 1928, but was not an organised club until 1935 under the name Deja Burrel. The name was changed in 1945 to 31 Korriku Burreli, which was again changed in 1951 to Puna Burrel. Between 1958 and 1991 the club was renamed 31 Korriku Burrel before changing to its current name Burreli.

The club competed in the lower leagues of Albania until 1981 when they participated in the Albanian Superliga for the first time. But they were relegated in their first top flight season after finishing bottom of the table during the 1981–82 season. They were back in the top division after just one season in the Albanian First Division and were part of the Kategoria superiore 1983–84. They were relegated again for the second time in the space of just two-years after finishing rock bottom of the table, again being relegated with just 20 points through the entire season.
And Albania number

Honours
 Albanian First Division:
 Winners (4): 1980–81, 1982–83, 1997–98
 Runners-up (1): 1986–87
 Albanian Second Division:
 Winners (1): 1959
Minor trophies
 Sporti Popullor Cup:
 Winners (1): 1978
 Puna Cup:
 Winners (1): 1980
 Zëri i Rinisë Cup:
 Winners (1): 1983

Current squad

Historical list of coaches

 Robert Jashari (1980-1984)
 Baftjar Punavia (1997-1999)
 Baftjar Punavia (2006)
 Elvis Plori (Jan 2012 - Jun 2012)
 Elvis Plori (Oct 2012 - May 2013)
 Elvis Plori (Sep 2013 - Dec 2013)
 Vladimir Gjoni (Dec 2013 - Mar 2015)
 Vladimir Gjoni (Aug 2015 - Dec 2015)

 Ritvan Kulli (Feb 2016 - May 2017)
 Julian Ahmataj (Jan 2018 - Apr 2018)
 Ritvan Kulli (Apr 2018 - Jun 2018)
 Stavri Nica (Aug 2018 - Oct 2018)
 Elvis Plori (Oct 2018 - Jun 2019 )
 Gentian Stojku (Aug 2019 - Oct 2019)
 Alert Alcani (Oct 2019 - )

Recent seasons

References

External links
First Division Standings and Stats
Albania Sport

Burreli
Category:Association football clubs established in 1952
Category:1952 establishments in Albania
Category:Mat, Albania


Meadowbrook Stock Farm

The Meadowbrook Stock Farm, also known as Thomas R. Murray Ranch, is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located near U.S. Route 87 near Hobson, Montana.  It was added to the Register on January 13, 1992.

The main house on the property is a two-story farmhouse built of cast stone in 1908.  The blocks were made of concrete cast from molds constructed by Thomas R. Murray, the ranch founder.  Mr. Murray was a Scottish immigrant and settled on the site in 1882.  Three outbuildings were also built of cast stone, including an ice house, and there are wood frame and post-and-beam buildings as well.
The largest barn in Judith Basin County was built in 1917.

Some degree of Classical Revival style is added by an open porch spanning the south and west side of the house, with wooden columns having rounded bases, blocks above their capitals, and open bracket work supporting the porch roof.  A second story porch spans the same side of the house.

References

Category:Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Category:Buildings and structures in Judith Basin County, Montana
Category:Farms in Montana
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Judith Basin County, Montana


Volitan

The Volitan is a proposed design for a boat equipped with solar cell panels, which uses both wind and solar energy. The proposed design is lightweight, with a stiff structure made of carbon fiber and epoxy resin and carbon foam core lamination. It also has an ultraviolet resistant coating.

It is designed to be powered by a twin 220 HP/DC electric motor, with two suspended wings to help maneuver the ship. In addition, a hydraulic/servo system located in the wings would activate the Volitan's performance sail system. If built, its dimensions would be around 105 ft, 3 in (length), 24 ft, 8 in (height), 92 ft, 7 in (width with solar body) and 24 ft, 9 in (width at low body).

The design won an honorable mention in the 2007 International Design Awards.

References

Category:Turkish inventions
Category:Boats
Category:Solar car racing


Caloptilia hamulifera

Caloptilia hamulifera is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from China (Sichuan).

References

hamulifera
Category:Moths of China
Category:Moths described in 1990


Piers Moore Ede

Piers Moore Ede is a British born writer, with a travel book Honey and Dust published by Bloomsbury in 2005.

Born in 1975, he was educated at Winchester College, Exeter University and the University of California, Santa Cruz. While living in San Francisco he was involved in a hit and run accident, during the recovery from which he conceived of his first travel book, a global adventure in search of wild honey. Honey and Dust documents his search for wholeness, while looking for the last of the tribes that still hunt wild honey in jungles and cliffs. He visits Bedouin tribesman in the Syrian desert, Gurung mountain people in Nepal, the Veddhas or Wild Men in Sri Lanka, and even a rooftop beekeeper on the skyscrapers of Manhattan.

Honey and Dust won the non fiction category of the DH Lawrence prize, and was nominated for the Jeremy Round first book award with the British Guild of Food Writers.

His second book All Kinds of Magic was published by Bloomsbury in 2010, recounting a journey round India in search of mystical experience. Drawing comparisons to In Search of Sacred India by Paul Brunton this modern spiritual travelogue was praised by Tahir Shah, Justine Hardy and Isabel Losada and includes a visit to the Ramana Maharshi ashram in Tiruvanamalai, India.

He is also a photographer and blues guitarist, and holds regular exhibitions of his work in London.

References

External links
Piers Moore Ede
theindiaphile

Category:1975 births
Category:British photographers
Category:Alumni of the University of Exeter
Category:British travel writers
Category:University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
Category:Living people


Selimitsa

Selimitsa () is a peak rising to 2,041 m west of Torfeno Branishte Nature Reserve in northwestern Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria.  The northern slopes of the peak are occupied by the ski runs of Konyarnika Ski Centre.  Linked by tracks to Kumata Chalet and Zlatnite Mostove Tourist Centre to the north, Selimitsa Chalet, Kladnitsa Monastery and Kladnitsa Village to the west, Matnitsa River valley and Chuypetlovo Village to the south, and the mountain's summit Cherni Vrah to the east.

See also

 Vitosha

References
 Vitosha Mountain
 Summit Post: Vitosha
 Vitosha Nature Park. Website.
 Zone Bulgaria: Vitosha
 Vitosha Map.

Category:Vitosha
Category:Landforms of Sofia City Province
Category:Mountains of Bulgaria
Category:Two-thousanders of Bulgaria


Posti Group

Posti Group Corporation (previously Suomen Posti during 1994–2007 and Itella during 2007–2015) is the main Finnish postal service delivering mail and parcels in Finland.  The State of Finland is the sole shareholder of the company. Posti Ltd has a universal service obligation that entails weekday deliveries of letters in all of Finland’s municipalities.  Posti’s head office is located in Pohjois-Pasila in Helsinki. Posti’s history spans nearly 400 years.

The Finnish company is divided into four business groups: Postal Services, Parcel and Logistics Services, Itella Russia and OpusCapita.  Posti’s net sales in 2016 amounted to EUR 1,647 million. Posti has 20,300 employees.  Of the net sales, approximately 96% comes from businesses and organizations. The company’s key customer sectors are commerce, services and media.

 the group is headed by Heikki Malinen, and Arto Markku Pohjola is Chairman of the Board of Directors. The company has operations in eleven countries: Finland, Russia, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Switzerland and United States. Åland Post is the independent postal operator for the Åland Islands.

Operations

Postal Services handles the delivery of letters, direct mail, and newspapers and magazines in Finland through its subsidiary Posti Oy.  Delivery personnel also offer check-in and assistance services for the elderly, and in 2016 ran a pilot program offering lawn mowing. Home services help public and private home care providers be more efficient and flexible in producing their services

Parcel and Logistics Services offers parcel and e-commerce services, transport services, international road, air, sea and rail freight services, warehousing or supplementary services and customs clearance services.

Itella Russia provides logistics services in Russia.

OpusCapita provides financial process automation. OpusCapita has operations in eight European countries (Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland and Sweden) and a network of international partners covering the globe.

Historical background

 On 6 September 1638, Governor-General Per Brahe the Younger established postal services in Finland, part of the Kingdom of Sweden at the time.
 In 1811, a central postal administration was established within the postal services of autonomous Finland.
 In 1845, postal service for parcels began.
 In 1856, stamps were introduced. (Finland began issuing its own national stamps in autumn 1917, before independence was declared on 6 December, 1917.)
 In 1858, home delivery of letters and newspapers began.
 Posti was one of the first institutions to hire women as employees, doing so since the 1860s.
 In 1927, the Telegraph was merged with the Finnish Post (Posti).
 In 1981, Post and Telegraph was renamed Post and Telecommunications.
 In 1990, Posti-Tele became a state-owned enterprise no longer dependent on the state budget.
 In 1994, Post and Telecommunications became Suomen PT Oy, with the subsidiaries Finland Post Corporation, providing postal services, and Telecom Finland Oy (later Sonera Oy), engaged in telecommunications.
 In 1998, Suomen PT Group was demerged. Finland Post Corporation and Sonera Oy became state-owned enterprises.
 In 2001, Finland Post became a public company (as Finland Post Corporation).
 On 1 June 2007, the company's name was changed to Itella Corporation. The group's more diversified and internationalised business operations were the reason for the change of name.

 In 2008 Itella acquired in Russia the logistics company NLC (National Logistic Company) and Connexions company, specialising in direct marketing services. In Poland Itella acquired BusinessPoint S.A., specialising in printing and document management.
 In 2011, Finnish postal services have been transferred to a new company, Itella Posti Oy.
 In 2011, Itella Information acquired OpusCapita, Itella Information acquired OpusCapita expanding services to cash flow automation.
 Itella Bank started as a deposit bank in the beginning of 2012.
 In 2013, Itella divested the entire share capital of Itella Bank Ltd to Finnish Savings Bank Group.
 In 2013, Itella Information was renamed OpusCapita. It operates as a subgroup of Itella Group.
 On 1 January 2015, Itella Oyj changed its name to Posti Group Oyj. Subsidiaries Itella Posti Oy and Itella Logistics Oy were merged and renamed to Posti Oy.
 In 2015, Posti sold its Scandinavian road freight business operations to the Danish Nordic Transport Group (NTG).
 Posti launched the first municipal cooperation within Posti’s new home services with the South Karelia Social and Health Care District Eksote.
 Posti acquired Kuljetus Kovalainen and Veine, a company specializing in temperature-regulated logistics.

Postal Services

Domestic postal services were centralized in Posti Oy. Posti has more than 1,400 service points: post offices, of which most are in conjunction with companies run by local entrepreneurs, Parcel Points, and pick-up outlets. There are SmartPOST automatic parcel terminals also in Estonia.

As of February 2011, Finland will be the first country in the world to receive all letters, publications, packages and direct advertisements through carbon-neutral delivery by Posti. This does not involve any extra fees to the customers.

Posti Group is solely responsible for providing postal services. In its current form, the Post Act entered into force in 2011. By virtue of this act, postal services must be provided on a permanent basis and for reasonable prices to all users, throughout the country. In each municipality there must be at least one outlet providing postal services.

The responsibility for the general steering and development of postal services belongs to the Ministry of Transport and Communications. Also the Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority, acting under this ministry, participates in the development of postal services. Among its tasks are monitoring to ensure that the Act on Postal Services and its regulations and provisions are complied with, as well as handling customer feedback.

The basic mail delivery is open to competition and some companies are starting to deliver business letters in populated areas.

International operations

In 2016, Posti established a network of pickup points in the Baltic countries.

 :  Itella Eesti
 : Posti
 : Itella Latvija
 : Itella Lietuva
 :  Itella Россия

Wages
According to Taloussanomat Posti Group CEO Mr Heikki Malinen compensation increased 65 % in four years to €990,000 in 2019. Heikki Malinen resigned in 2.10.2019.

Strike stopped letters and packets delivery in Finland and from abroad in 11-27 November 2019. Posti Management wanted to reduce salaries 30-50%. Rinne government denied wage dumping. Minister Ms. Sirpa Paatero resigned in 29. November 2019.

Revenue
According to Finnish Television New MOT Posti made during 2008–2015 over €170 million losses in logistic business when traditional postal services made €500 million profit. Since 2016 Posti does not specify the logistics financial values of company.

See also
 List of postal codes in Finland

References

External links
 Posti corporate website

Finland
Category:1638 establishments in Sweden
Category:Communications in Finland
Category:Logistics companies of Finland
Category:Companies established in 1638


A Time for George Stavros

A Time for George Stavros was an early, unpublished, non-science fiction novel by author Philip K. Dick. It was written sometime around 1955, a time when Dick was getting his science fiction published but still dreamed of being a mainstream writer.

Plot introduction
According to Lawrence Sutin's book, Divine Invasions: A Life of Philip K. Dick, (1989) the plot survives only as an index card synopsis from the publisher dated 24 October 1956, after the manuscript had already been rejected one time. The reader's comments on the rewrite as follows:

"Didn't like this before & still don't. Long, rambling, glum novel about 65 yr old Greek immigrant who has a weakling son, a second son about whom he's indifferent, a wife who doesn't love him (She's being unfaithful to him). Nothing much happens. Guy, selling garage & retiring, tries to buy another garage in new development, has a couple of falls, dies at end. Point is murky but seems to be that world is disintegrating, Stavros supposed to be symbol of vigorous individuality now a lost commodity."

In a letter from 1960, the author himself commented on the title character in an unexpectedly optimistic fashion:

"Contact with vile persons does not blight or contaminate or doom the really superior; a man can go on and be successful, if he just keeps struggling. There is no trick that the wicked can play on the good that will ultimately be successful; the good are protected by God, or at least by their virtue."

References

Bibliography
Bibliography of Philip K. Dick

Category:1950s novels
Category:20th-century American novels
Category:Lost books
Category:Novels by Philip K. Dick


Pleasant Gehman

Pleasant Gehman (born March 17, 1959) is an author, writer, poet,  actress,  dancer and musician from Los Angeles.

Career
In the 1980s, she was the singer for the punk rock band Screamin' Sirens, and later, The Ringling Sisters and Honk If Yer Horny.

Her articles on rock 'n' roll, American pop culture, sex, the arts and human interest have appeared in L.A. Weekly, The Los Angeles Reader, The Hollywood Reporter, Variety, BAM, Spin, and Genre. Her poetry, essays and short stories have been widely anthologized in a number of literary journals and collections and she has written and edited a number of books, including  Showgirl Confidential, The Belly Dance Handbook, Senorita Sin, Princess of Hollywood, Escape From Houdini Mountain and The Underground Guide to Los Angeles.

The Village Voice called her writing "... startling; full of passion", USA Today described it as "A wildly fascinating walk on the wild side!" while Ray Gun raved: "…tough and tender, with a trademark air of seen-it-all innocence that makes it glow".

In 1994, she recorded a collection of her poetry and spoken-word routines entitled Ruined. Among the venues where she has performed spoken-word pieces include The Unhappy Hour at the Parlour Club.

A professional belly dancer since 1991, and a burlesque performer since 1995, she was a seminal member of America's premiere burlesque troupe, "The Velvet Hammer", and appears in the 2001 documentary film The Velvet Hammer Burlesque.  She co-starred in Margaret Cho's Off-Broadway variety show, The Sensuous Woman, in 2007  and again shared the stage with Cho in a 2012 Victory Variety Hour performance.  Gehman has appeared dancing and acting in many films, television shows (including the sitcom The Nanny) documentaries on punk rock, belly dance and exotic dance and music videos both under her own name and under her stage name, Princess Farhana.

Her music video credits include work with Madonna and Ricky Martin. In 1989, she co-wrote and starred in MGM's film The Runnin' Kind, and also appeared as Estelle in Steve Balderson's film Firecracker. In 2007 she acted as assistant choreographer to Fatima Robinson, for the belly dance sequence in Charlie Wilson's War.

Under the name Princess Farhana, she has released a series of seventeen belly dance and burlesque instructional and performance DVDs.  She is the author of  "The Belly Dance Handbook: A Companion For The Serious Dancer" ( 2014) In 2006, she recorded the lead vocal for Blacklight Sleaze with British house music duo Peace Division, which entered the UK music charts.

In April 2009, Pleasant reunited with cult director Steve Balderson for Stuck! - an homage to film noir women in prison dramas.  Co-starring Karen Black, Mink Stole, Susan Traylor, and The Go-Go's Jane Wiedlin, Stuck! was filmed in Macon, Georgia and released in 2010. She continued to work with Balderson on many more films, including "The Casserole Club" (2010) "Culture Shock"(2012) "Occupying Ed" (2014) and "Helltown" (2015)

Underbelly
Underbelly is an acclaimed year-in-the-life documentary of Pleasant Gehman (aka Princess Farhana). Through a fortuitous chance meeting at the age of thirty-two, Pleasant discovered belly dancing. After years of punk rock rebellion, debauched cross-country indie-band tours, substance abuse, low self-esteem and bulimia, this twist of fate literally changed her life. Embarking on a dance career after training with well-known American dancers such as Zahra Zuhair and famed Egyptian dancers such as Raqia Hassan, she reinvented herself as Princess Farhana, and became an international belly dance star.

Filming for Underbelly began in November 2006 at Tribal Dreams in Lincoln, Nebraska, and continued throughout all of 2007—in Sebastopol for Tribal Fest 7, to the Mexican Riviera for the Sun Bellies belly dance cruise, in New York for Margaret Cho's off Broadway hit The Sensuous Woman, to Hollywood, California - where Pleasant was given a commendation from the City of Los Angeles for her years of artistic contribution.

The World Premieres were held in London and at the Boston Underground Film Festival in March 2008.

Books
Showgirl Confidential: My Life Onstage, Backstage And On The Road {Punk Hostage Press) ) The Belly Dance Handbook: A Companion For The Serious Dancer {Princess Productions} )
Escape From Houdini Mountain (Manic D Press, )
Senorita Sin (1994, Incommunicado Press, )
Princess Of Hollywood (1997, Incommunicado Press, )
The Underground Guide To Los Angeles (1999, Manic D Press, )-which spent nine weeks on The Los Angeles Times Best Sellers List. Since then, The Underground Guide To Los Angeles has had all new up-dated editions published in 2002 and 2006.

References

External links
 (http://www.pleasantgehman.com/ www.pleasantgehman.com - official Pleasant Gehman site
 www.PrincessFarhana.com - Official Princess Farhana site
 www.stucknoir.com - Stuck! movie site
 Armendariz, Alicia (March 2005). "Women in L.A. Punk: Pleasant Gehman" - interview with Pleasant Gehaman
 3am Magazine - interview with Pleasant Gehman
 Gilded Serpent - article by Pleasant Gehman
 A Riotous Disarray - interview with Pleasant Gehman

Category:American women poets
Category:American female singers
Category:American film actresses
Category:American spoken word artists
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from Los Angeles
Category:Singers from Los Angeles
Category:American television actresses
Category:American punk rock singers
Category:American women journalists


Chah-e Zardak

Chah-e Zardak (, also Romanized as Chāh-e Zardaḵ) is a small village in Bandan Rural District, in the Central District of Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, among 6 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Nehbandan County


HMS Dominica (1810)

HMS Dominica was the French letter of marque schooner Duc de Wagram, which the British captured in 1809 in the Leeward Islands and took into the Royal Navy in 1810. The American privateer Decatur captured her in 1813 in a notable single-ship action. However,  recaptured her in 1814. She was wrecked in 1815

Origins
Dominica was originally built in the Chesapeake area as a 14-gun, three-masted schooner in around 1805. Then in 1809 she was armed at Guadeloupe as the letter of marque Duc de Wagram. The British captured her in 1809 and Admiral Lord Alexander Cochrane had her surveyed in Antigua. The results were so good that he purchased her for the Royal Navy.

British Service
Between November 1810 and June 1811 Dominica underwent refitting at Deptford. In May 1811 Lieutenant Robert Hocking commissioned her for the Irish Sea and the Channel. Then on 23 November he sailed her to the West Indies.

In August 1812 Dominica captured three merchant vessels. The first was the Indiana (7 August), which was sailing to San Juan, Porto Rico, with a cargo of flour and lard. The second was the Endeavour (26 August), which was sailing to Norfolk, Virginia, with molasses and rum. The third was the Amphitrite (also 26 August), sailing to New London with rum, coffee, sugar, and the like.

On 11 November 1812, Hocking and Dominica captured the American privateer Providence, of Providence, Rhode Island, at 19 degrees latitude and 63 degrees 15 minutes longitude after an "anxious chase of ten hours". She had a crew of 60 men and was pierced for 12 guns but had thrown all but four overboard during the chase. She had been cruising for 30 days but had made no captures.

Capture
Lieutenant George William Barrette took command later in 1812. On 5 August 1813 Dominica was escorting the packet ship Princess Charlotte when she encountered the American privateer Decatur under the command of Captain Dominique Diron.

Decatur was more lightly armed, though more heavily manned, and prevailed in the fight. The British lost 18 men killed, 42 wounded, and 70 captured, including the wounded, with Barrette being among the killed. (One of the wounded was an 11-year-old ship's boy, wounded in three places.) The Americans had five men killed and 15 wounded. The court martial on 3 January 1815 of the surviving officers and men of Dominica acquitted them for her loss.

The British agent at Charleston, South Carolina, wrote a letter suggesting that the cause of the loss was "to be attributed entirely to the Want of Knowledge of and Experience in the Management of a Schooner, on the part of Captain Barrette... and the Vessel herself being extremely difficult to Work."  The same agent also reported that Decaturs crew was of French origin, "chiefly, if not all, Blacks, and Mulattoes" and that on boarding they had behaved with utmost cruelty, slaughtering the wounded on deck.  A letter from the Judge of the District Court stated that the prisoners had been treated with the utmost humanity. The same letter described Dominica as little damaged by shot because she had been taken by boarding. Dominica was recommissioned in Charleston as the French letter of marque Dominique.

Recapture
On 22 May 1814 Majestic recaptured Dominica. At the time of her recapture, Dominica was sailing under a letter of marque, had a crew of 36 men under the command of Beusen, master, and was armed with four 6-pounder guns. She was carrying a cargo of rice, tobacco, wine, and naval stores. The re-captured Dominica went into Halifax. Majestic shared the prize money for the capture with   (or Dotterell) and .

Fate
Lieutenant Robert Gibson recommissioned her on the Halifax station in October 1814. Lieutenant Richard Crawford replaced him in 1814. On 15 August 1815, Dominica was escorting a convoy to the West Indies when she was wrecked on the reefs off Bermuda.

Notes, citations, and references
Notes

Citations

References
Chapelle, Howard Irving (1967) The search for speed under sail, 1700-1855. (Norton).

Dudley, William S. and Michael J. Crawford (1992) Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History, Vol. 3. (Government Printing Office).
Gossett, William Patrick (1986) The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900. (London: Mansell).

Maclay, Edgar Stanton (1900) A history of American privateers. (Sampson, Low, Marston & co,).

Category:Schooners of the Royal Navy
Category:Maritime incidents in 1815
Category:Privateer ships of France
Category:Privateer ships of the United States
Category:1805 ships
Category:War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom


Étoile du Congo

Étoile du Congo is a Congolese football club based in Brazzaville.

History
L’Étoile du Congo started as a team in the Fédération Athlétique Congolaise (FAC), a league run by Catholic missionaries in the Belgian Congo. The church provided clothes and shoes and the team was required to attend mass. The team, known at the time as Renaissance, won the Brazzaville city championship each year from 1945 to 1950 led by team-captain Dominique Sombo. They played at Eboué stadium, which was owned by the mission.

Controversy
The players, being colonized, were not compensate at all for their efforts. The mission would collect money at the gates, and did not pay for medical treatment
or transport to games. In 1951, the players decided to write to the Director of Social Services to request to leave the mission and to be sponsored by a cultural center. After threatening to boycott colonial administrators assuaged their demands to avoid popular outcry. Renaissance won another city championship and independence from the FAC. To celebrate their new autonomy, the team changed their name to L’Étoile, in respect to a star Brazzaville team from the 1930s. The name Renaissance was given to reserve team of younger players.

In 2015, Étoile's midfielder, Amrit Toor, had his contract terminated with the club, after locking Esha in the car, and marrying to matma. The player since then refuses to comment on this incident.

Honours
Congo Premier League: 12
1968, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2006.

Coupe du Congo: 6
1983, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2019.

Super Coupe du Congo: 1
2019.

Performance in CAF competitions
CAF Champions League: 3 appearances
2001 – Second Round
2002 – Second Round
2007 – Second Round

African Cup of Champions Clubs: 8 appearances

1968 – First Round
1979 – Second Round
1980 – Quarter-finals

1982 – First Round
1988 – First Round
1990 – Second Round

1993 – First Round
1995 – First Round

CAF Confederation Cup: 2 appearances
2007 – Second Round of 16
2015 – Preliminary Round

CAF Cup: 1 appearance
1992 – Second Round

CAF Cup Winners' Cup: 3 appearances
1996 – First Round
2000 – Quarter-finals
2003 – Second Round

References

Category:Football clubs in the Republic of the Congo
Category:Sports clubs in Brazzaville