Indian company law

Indian company law regulates the corporations formed under the Section 2(20) Indian Companies Act 2013. "Company means a company incorporated under this Act or under any previous Company Law"

History

Corporate affairs in India are regulated through the Companies Act, 1956, Companies Act 2013 and related laws and regulations, which are administered by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).

On the other hand, the MCA has also recently given the way to a new Act called 'Companies 2nd Amendment Act 2017' with effect from 26 January 2018. The said amendment act covered 93 sections which in entirety shall give effect to changes in 107 sections of the Companies Act 2013 ("principal act")

The Ministry works through the two branches, Regional Director (RD) and Registrar of Companies (ROC). At present, the nation has seven such Directors and 22 ROCs.

Companies (1st Amendment) Act 2015

Companies (2nd Amendment) Act 2017
The MCA in India has given way to a new Act with effect from 26 January 2018. It includes 93 sections and out of that 90 (approx. ) sections has been notified by the Ministry through 11 notifications including the latest issued on 19 September 2018. The new Act has given rise to the number of new concepts and also have made the principal act simplified and comprehensive.

However, the amendment in the principal act is still under process. In the recent amendment, the MCA has also notified changes in section 134 of the principal act to get mandatory sign the financial statements from the CEO of the Company, if any.

Companies (3rd Amendment) Act 2019

The Companies (Amendment) Ordinance 2018

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has constituted a committee on 13 July 2018 to review the offenses under the Indian Companies Act 2013 ("the principal Act") with specific terms of reference. The said committee to be tasked with the responsibility to declogging the Corporate judiciary system in India. In turn, the committee has recommended some amendments needs to be implemented immediately. Such recommendations include to enlarge the jurisdictions of the two branches of the Ministry in India i.e., Registrar of Companies and Regional Directors (hereinafter called "In-house adjudications mechanism"), and also shifting of the approvals from Tribunals to In-House adjudication mechanism, and to also re-categorize the 'Acts/Offences' which is currently punishable to be compounded to the 'Acts' merely resolved through civil liabilities etc.

The said committee has also recommended 33 provisions of the principal Act to be implemented immediately. The committee has further directed by the authority to make its report public within 30 days of its first meeting, accordingly, the committee has furnished the report on 14 August 2018.

The Ministry has also felt the needs to make it happen such recommendations effective at the earliest from the Corporate Governance point of view. In India, if any Act needs to be amended, the proposed changes shall be placed before the houses of the parliament into session to make it a part of the Law. However, this is the very first time that the Ministry has felt to bring any immediate changes and such amendments become an act of urgency to be rollout through an "Ordinance"

Company rule in India
The Indian Partnership Act, 1932
The Limited liability Partnership Act, 2008
Companies (Amendment) Ordinance 2018
Companies (1st Amendment) Ordinance 2019
Companies (2nd Amendment) Ordinance 2019
Companies Act 2013
Companies (1st Amendment) Act, 2015
Companies 2nd Amendment Act 2017
Companies (3rd Amendment) Act 2019

Incorporation

Companies can be incorporated through the rules of the Indian Companies Act 2013. Whereby the new SPICe form helps the companies to get incorporated in one day. However, one-day company registration in India is not possible as there required certain documents, preparation of which takes time.

Classification of the Companies on the basis of Incorporation

(i) Companies incorporated under Royal Charter This was practiced by the British Government.  For example, East India Company came under Royal Charter, which means it was granted Charter by the King or the Queen of British and was controlled by the Charter. However, this is not much in practice now.

(ii) Companies that are incorporated by the special Act of Parliament These Companies are incorporated under specified act of Parliament or State Legislature . These companies are formed with the fulfillment of some specified objects at the National level. These Companies are also called as Corporations. For example, Reserve Bank of India or State Bank of India.

(iii) Companies incorporated under Indian Companies Act of 1956 These companies come under the memorandum of association and articles of association.

Types of companies
Sole Proprietorship - A sole proprietorship, also known as a trader firm or proprietorship, is a business form that is owned and run by one individual. A sole proprietor may use a trading name or business name other than his or her name.
Registration not required - In summary, the biggest advantage is quick formation and low compliances. However, the biggest disadvantage is an unlimited liability.
Partnership - liability is joint and unlimited.
Registration is not compulsory.
Active partners take part in day-to-day operations of the business, in addition to investing in it. Active partners are entitled to a share of the enterprise's profits.
Sleeping partners invest in the business and are entitled to a share of its profits, but do not participate in day-to-day operations.
Limited Liability Partnership - Liability is limited
HUF (Hindu Undivided Family) - businesses owned by a joint family belonging to Hindu religion. Even though Jain and Sikh families are not governed by the Hindu law, they can still form a HUF.
Cooperative
 Dormant company - A company which has been created for a future project or for holding assets including intellectual property of the company
Family Owned Business
Pvt Ltd (Private Limited Company): ≈ Ltd (UK) - May have 2–200 shareholders; shares are held privately and cannot be offered to public.
 Small company - A company other than a public company whose paid up share capital is not more than  50 lakh and turnover does not exceed  crore.
Ltd (Public Limited Company): ≈ plc (UK)
Public sector undertaking (PSU) - Alternatively known as Public Sector Enterprise (PSE). It may be public limited company listed on stock exchanges with major ownership by a state government or a central government of India or it may be unlisted entity with major ownership by a state government or a central government of India. Some of these entities are formed as business entities through special legislation, where these entities are governed by the statutes of these legislation and may or may not be governed by company laws like a typical business entity.
One-person company - It is a type of private company which can have only one director and member.
Unlimited Company - A company, similar to its limited company (Ltd, or Pvt Ltd) counterpart, but where the liability of the members or shareholders is not limited.
Incorporated Company
FI
INCORPORATON

1)Memorandum of association
Duly stamped signed by directors. in the case of public company should signed by 7 members. In the case of private company signed by 2 person sufficient
2)Articles of association
It is the rules of internal management .pvt company can adopt table a .this is model of articles of association
3)Consent of preposed director
The consent of preposed director act as director and purchase of share

Corporate governance

Company constitutions

Governance of the board
Under CA 2013 section 169, the basic rule is that any company director may be removed by the general meeting with a simple majority vote, after giving "special notice" of 28 days. In companies which elect the board by proportional representation according to section 163, there is an exception so that directors appointed by one particular group of members cannot be ousted by the majority. Those directors can only be removed by the members that appointed them, so as to protect the system of proportional voting.

Employee rights

It was the view of many in the Indian Independence Movement, including Mahatma Gandhi, that workers had as much of a right to participate in management of firms as shareholders or other property owners. Article 43A of the Constitution, inserted by the Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1976, created a right to codetermination by requiring the state to legislate to "secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings". However, like other rights in Part IV, this article is not directly enforceable but instead creates a duty upon state organs to implement its principles through legislation (and potentially through court cases). In 1978 the Sachar Report recommended legislation for inclusion of workers on boards, however this had not yet been implemented.

The Industrial Disputes Act 1947 section 3 created a right of participation in joint work councils to "provide measures for securing amity and good relations between the employer and workmen and, to that end to comment upon matters of their common interest or concern and endeavour to compose any material difference of opinion in respect of such matters". However, trade unions had not taken up these options on a large scale. In National Textile Workers Union v Ramakrishnan the Supreme Court, Bhagwati J giving the leading judgment, held that employees had a right to be heard in a winding up petition of a company because their interests were directly affected and their standing was not excluded by the wording of the Companies Act 1956 section 398.

Excel Wearv. Union of India A.I.R. 1979 S.C. 25, 36

Directors' duties

Directors' owe a range of duties to the company, which primarily involve acting within the constitution, avoiding conflicts of interest and performing their role to a desired standard of competence. The Companies Act 2013 section 166 lists directors' duties in seven simple sections, which reflect the existing principles developed by the case law in the courts around most Commonwealth countries, in common law and equity. Part of the reason for codification of directors' duties was to provide a transparent statement of the duties directors owe, and therefore to publicise principles of best practice. However, because of their generality, the case of law of the courts matters to interpret how duties will apply in specific situations.

Corporate social responsibility

In a new with the Companies Act 2013, section 135 requires companies to spend 2% of their net profit on socially responsible projects, if they have a net worth of over rupees 500 crore, or a turnover of over rupees 1,000 crore, or a net profit over rupees 5 crore. Socially responsible projects are defined in Schedule VIII, and mainly involve community development.

Enforcement
National Company Law Tribunal, replacing the previous Company Law Board and Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction.
Indian Corporate Law Service

See also
UK company law
European company law
US corporate law

Notes

References
HK Saharay, Company Law (5th edn 2008)

External links
Companies Act 2013 on the Ministry for Corporate Affairs website


The Inquiry (2006 film)

The Inquiry (also known as L'inchiesta and The Final Inquiry) is a 2006 Italian historical drama film directed by Giulio Base, and starring Daniele Liotti and Dolph Lundgren. It is a remake of the 1986 film of the same name.

Plot
The story follows a fictional Roman tribune named Titus Valerius Taurus, a veteran of campaigns in Germania, who is sent to Judaea by the emperor Tiberius to investigate the possibility of the divinity of the recently crucified Jesus. Although sceptical early on, Taurus is eventually convinced by a Christian girl he meets there named Tabitha, and chooses to abandon the army and remain there with her.

Cast
 Daniele Liotti as Titus Valerius Taurus
 Dolph Lundgren as Brixos
 Mónica Cruz as Tabitha
 Hristo Shopov as Pontius Pilate
 Christo Jivkov as Stefano
 Ornella Muti as Mary Magdalene
 F. Murray Abraham as Nathan
 Max von Sydow as Tiberius
 Anna Kanakis as Claudia Procula
 Enrico Lo Verso as Simon Peter
 Fabrizio Bucci as Jesus Christ

See also
 List of historical drama films
 List of films set in ancient Rome

External links

Category:2006 films
Category:2000s drama films
Category:Italian drama films
Category:Italian films
Category:Films directed by Giulio Base
Category:Films about Christianity
Category:Films set in the Roman Empire
Category:Films set in the 1st century
Category:Films set in Jerusalem
Category:Italian film remakes
Category:2000s historical films
Category:Portrayals of Jesus in film
Category:Cultural depictions of Tiberius
Category:Cultural depictions of Pontius Pilate


Saddler's Woods

Saddler's Woods is a  forest in Haddon Township, Camden County, New Jersey that includes the headwater spring of Newton Creek.  Despite its location just  from Philadelphia, Saddler's Woods includes wetlands, young woodlands, and old-growth forest.

The Arowmen and Erinwonek tribes of the Lenape people once lived in the area. Beginning in the 17th century, the surrounding forests were cleared for farms, timber, and fuel by European settlers.  The woods are named for a nineteenth-century owner, Joshua Saddler, who in 1868 he wrote in his will that none of his heirs "shall cut the timber thereon."

When threatened by development, part of the Woods was purchased by the Township in 1999.  The remaining area was protected by a conservation easement in 2003.  The Saddler's Woods Conservation Association currently works to restore and maintain the Woods.

Tree species in the Woods include Eastern Black Oak, White Oak, Northern Red Oak, American Beech, Tulip Poplar, and Red Maple.  Some trees measure  in diameter and are 300 years old.  There are American Chestnut and Spicebush in the understory.

See also
List of old growth forests

References

Category:Old growth forests
Category:Haddon Township, New Jersey


Nutanix

Nutanix, Inc. is a cloud computing company that sells hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) software , cloud services (such as Desktops as a service, Disaster Recovery as a service, and cloud monitoring), and software-defined storage.

History

Nutanix was founded on September 23, 2009 by Dheeraj Pandey, Mohit Aron and Ajeet Singh. In early 2013 Aron left Nutanix to start Cohesity,  a privately held enterprise storage company. On June 1 2019, Nutanix appointed Brian Stevens to its board of directors.

Venture capital firms invested $312.2 million over five rounds of funding. Nutanix reached a $1 billion valuation by 2013, which made it known as a "unicorn startup". It raised $140 million in a Series E round of financing in 2014, valuing the company at approximately $2 billion.

Nutanix filed for an initial public offering (IPO) in December 2015, reporting a net loss in its fiscal year ending July 2015 of $126 million. It reported about 5340 employees as of Jul 2019. Updated registration statements were published several more times, including one on August 16, 2016, showing growing losses as well as revenue, along with positive cash flow from operations. Later in August 2016, Nutanix announced it had acquired PernixData.

In March 2018, Nutanix announced the acquisition of Minjar, based in Bangalore.

The IPO on September 30, 2016, raised about $230 million. Analysts expected Nutanix's public offering would be delayed. In May 2017, Nutanix partnered with IBM to create a series of data center hardware using IBM Power Systems for business apps.

Acquisitions

References

Category:Companies established in 2009
Category:Cloud storage
Category:Companies listed on NASDAQ
Category:2016 initial public offerings


Auberge d'Italie

The Auberge d'Italie (, ) is an auberge in Valletta, Malta. It was built at various stages in the late 16th century to house knights of the Order of Saint John from the langue of Italy, and it originally had a Mannerist design by Girolamo Cassar and several other architects. The building continued to be modified throughout the course of the 17th century, with the last major renovation being carried out in the 1680s during the magistracy of Gregorio Carafa, giving the building a Baroque character.

After the Order was expelled from Malta in 1798, the auberge was used for a number of purposes, housing a military headquarters, an officers' mess, a museum, a school of arts, a courthouse, the General Post Office and various government departments. Until recently, it housed the Malta Tourism Authority, and there are undergoing works of restoration. It is now converted to host the national collection (previously at National Museum of Fine Arts). In 2018 it became the new National Community Art Museum, MUŻA (from the Maltese acronym Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Arti).

History

Hospitaller rule
Auberge d'Italie was the third Italian auberge to be built in Malta. The first auberge was built in Birgu in the 1550s, on the site of an earlier building which had been used by the Langue of Italy. Following the transfer of the capital city from Birgu to Valletta, a second auberge was built in the centre of the new city in 1570–71. This building was eventually incorporated into the Grandmaster's Palace, and the present auberge began to be built in Strada San Giacomo (now Merchants Street). The original designs of both Valletta auberges were made by the Maltese architect Girolamo Cassar.

There is no documentation recording the construction of the third Auberge d'Italie, but work began in 1574 and the building was inaugurated in September 1579. When the first floor was completed, construction of the rest of the building was suspended, but it soon became clear that the building was too small. On 25 August 1582, the decision to built a second floor was taken. Master mason Gio Andrea Farrugia was responsible for the construction, but he died before the project was completed. Construction continued throughout the 1580s, and was completed in around 1595. Apart from Cassar and Farrugia, several other architects and master masons were responsible for the construction of the auberge, including the engineer Francesco Antrini.

The Langue of Italy also built the Church of St. Catherine adjacent to the auberge. Construction of the church began in 1576, and it was enlarged and modified in 1683 and 1710.

Some repairs were made in 1604 by Alessandro Stafrace, after cracks appeared in part of the Main Hall. The auberge had an entrance facing a square in South Street, but this was blocked in 1629 when the square was built up (the square was recreated in 2012 as Jean de Valette Square). Historian Giovanni Bonello suggests that this was the main entrance of the auberge, although it might have just been a side entrance. In 1649–50, a mezzanine was built beneath the Admiral's Room, and a large room at the rear of the building was converted into four shops in 1654. The archives were constructed in 1678.

A major renovation of the auberge in the Baroque style began in 1680. The façade was remodelled by Mederico Blondel, and a third floor was constructed at the expense of Grand Master Gregorio Carafa. An ornate centrepiece with a trophy of arms containing a bust of Carafa was added above the main entrance. The trophy was sculpted by Raymond de La Fage out of marble taken from the ruins of the Temple of Proserpina, an ancient Roman temple in Mtarfa which had been discovered in 1613.

French occupation and British rule

The Order of St. John was expelled from Malta with the French invasion and occupation in 1798. Being located opposite Napoleon's residence at Palazzo Parisio, the auberge was converted into the French military command. After Malta fell under British rule in 1800, it was used by both the military and civil administrations. In 1888 the ground floor was used to store the notary archives and the upper floor was occupied by the Department of Work. It was converted into a Civil Arsenal. Plans to set a protestant chapel was declined. At this point the ground floor also served as the Government Printing Office, while the upper floor was also used by the Royal Engineers. It later served as the Corps Headquarters and an officers' mess until the 1920s. In the early 19th century, chemist John Davy, who was in Malta with the Army Medical Staff, established a public dispensary at the auberge for the treatment of the poor and became known as the Albergo dei poveri (Auberge of the poor). The successor of this service, the Government Polyclinics, is still referred to as il-Berġa (the auberge).

In 1922, the National Museum was transferred from Palazzo Xara to Auberge d'Italie. The museum was directed by Sir Themistocles Zammit, and it was divided into archaeology, history, arts, natural history and mineralogical sections. The museum closed down during World War II, and the building received two direct hits on 7 April 1942. Part of the façade was destroyed by aerial bombardment, and the natural history collection suffered severe damage since it was located in the part of the building which was hit. After the war ended, the damaged parts of the auberge were reconstructed, the museum was reopened and part of the building housed a school of art.

The Museums Department had to vacate Auberge d'Italie in 1954, when the building was converted into a temporary courthouse after the Courts of Justice had to vacate the war-damaged Auberge d'Auvergne due to its dilapidated state. The Criminal Court was stationed at the Auberge.

Independent Malta

In January 1971, the Superior Courts of Justice and the School of Arts vacated the building after moving into a new courthouse which had been built on the site of Auberge d'Auvergne. The building was to be converted into an examination hall, but in August of that year, it was assigned to the Posts and Telephones Department. After extensive renovations, the auberge opened as the General Post Office on 4 July 1973, taking over the role from Palazzo Parisio. The auberge remained the GPO until Posta Limited opened a new complex at Marsa in October 1997. The auberge was also used by the Water and Electricity Department, the Agricultural Department and the Central Office of Statistics.

In 1997, the decision was taken to convert the auberge into the offices for the Ministry of Tourism and the Malta Tourism Authority. The building was redecorated and restored, and the Ministry moved into the building on 18 March 2002. The Malta Tourism Authority moved in on 1 March of the same year. The Ministry for Tourism has since moved to new premises in 233, Republic Street, Valletta.

Plans to move the National Museum of Fine Arts from Admiralty House to Auberge d'Italie began in 2013. In September 2014, it was announced that the move will occur and the new museum would be called MUŻA (from the Maltese acronym Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Arti). It is one of the projects for Valletta's title of European Capital of Culture in 2018. The Malta Tourism Authority was set to move out of the auberge to premises in Smart City during November 2016 but the move was delayed until February 2017.  The auberge's façade was restored between late 2015 and July 2016. Various artistic features from the centrepiece were revealed during this time, and Carafa's bust was also restored. The building's interior is also being restored. Another considered but refuted plan was to reopen the probable original entrance, that would have had an added front staircase on Piazza De Valette.

The building was included on the Antiquities List of 1925 together with the other auberges in Valletta. It is now scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority, and it is also listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.

Architecture

Auberge d'Italie was originally built in the Mannerist style, but the building acquired a mainly Baroque character due to the 1680s renovation. The building has a rectangular plan with its rooms are built around a central courtyard, a layout typical of Italian Renaissance palazzi and Cassar's other auberges in Valletta such as Auberge d'Aragon. The courtyard contains a triumphal arch which is thought to have been designed by Romano Carapecchia.

It has a symmetrical façade with an ornate Baroque centrepiece above the main entrance, containing a bronze bust of Carafa and his coat of arms, together with a marble trophy-of-arms and a Latin inscription which reads:

The centrepiece is thought to have been built by the architect Mederico Blondel based on a design by Mattia Preti. The main entrance and the corners of the building are rusticated. Each of the three floors contains a set of six windows, and a cornice runs along the façade between the first and second floors.

Auberge de'Italie is linked to Auberge de Castille across the street through a World War II-era underground air-raid shelter.

Commemorative coins
Auberge d'Italie was depicted on two commemorative coins minted in 2010 by the Central Bank of Malta. The coins show the centrepiece of the building's façade on the reverse and the coat of arms of Malta on the obverse.

Notes

References

Further reading
Details on the restoration of the façade and the trophy
€5 million for MUZA in the Aubegr d'Italie
Story of the Italian Langue and the Auberge
The building during the British rule

External links

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1579
Category:Buildings and structures in Valletta
Category:Palaces in Valletta
Category:Museums in Valletta
Category:Defunct schools in Malta
Category:Former courthouses in Malta
Category:Former post office buildings
Category:Baroque architecture in Malta
Category:Post office buildings in Malta
Category:Limestone buildings in Malta
Category:National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands


1872 Brooklyn Atlantics season

The Brooklyn Atlantics played their first  season of professional baseball in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players after many years as a successful amateur team. They finished sixth in the league with a record of 9-28.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In

Starting pitchers

Relief pitchers

References

1872 Brooklyn Atlantics season at Baseball Reference

Category:Brooklyn Atlantics (NA) seasons
Brooklyn Atlantics Season, 1872
Category:1872 in American sports
Brooklyn


Carlos Be

Carlos Be (born in Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain, 4 November 1974) is an author and theater director, as well as a founding member of the theater companies The Zombie Company and La Casa Be. His works have been premiered in Chile, Colombia, Spain, the United States, Italy, Mexico, Panama, the Czech Republic and Venezuela, and have been translated into Czech, Slovak, English, Italian, Polish, Portuguese and Ukrainian. In March 2019, he receives the XIX Marco Antonio Ettedgui International Award for his artistic career from the Rajatabla Foundation of Venezuela.

Biography
Carlos Be became a playwright at age 22, when in 1997 he decided to quit a medical degree program to devote himself to writing on a full-time basis.

Critics considers him "one of the main protagonists of this madrileña moved theater that is being lived in recent years" (Julio Bravo, ABC), "the enfant terrible of Madrid theater" (José Luis Romo, El Mundo) and "an author ignored in the commercial circuit, but called to larger companies" (Javier Villán, El Mundo).

As a theater author, he has published, among other works, 25 Noel Road: a genius like us (Caja España Theater Award 2001), The extraordinary death of Ulrike M. (finalist of the Casa de América Award - Festival Escena Contemporánea de Dramaturgia Innovadora 2005), Amen (2006), Origami (2006 Borne Theater Award), Chicory (2008), It's raining cows (2008), The Pilcik box (Serantes Theater Award 2008), The injured child (2009), Exhumation (2012), Fish tanks (2015), Die, Numancia, die (2015), The kindness of Margherita Barezzi (2016), Last complaint before my death (2017) and Weeds (2018). This year he receives the Francisco Nieva Short Theater Award for Vicious, ugly and dishonest things.

He also cultivates other genres such as novel, short story, script and poetry. Since February 2009 he has contributed with his own opinion section in Artez, a monthly magazine specialising in theatre.

According to Elisenda Romano (Insular Library of Gran Canaria, 2019) "the plays of the playwright Carlos Be use the words to stabbing social conventions and turn against the remorse of the spectator. Living the works of the author or reading them is absorbing dialogues and images that go beyond the stage and stay in the well of consciousness, some ideas asleep, others very awake, but always there, to come to the surface and look us in the eyes".

References

External links
Official website
Carlos Be in Doollee - Online database of playwrights and theatre plays in English

Category:Catalan dramatists and playwrights
Category:Catalan-language writers
Category:Spanish dramatists and playwrights
Category:Spanish male dramatists and playwrights
Category:21st-century Spanish novelists
Category:Spanish male novelists
Category:Living people
Category:1974 births
Category:21st-century male writers


Desmia clytialis

Desmia clytialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil.

References

Category:Moths described in 1859
Category:Desmia
Category:Moths of South America


House of Palatinate-Simmern

Palatinate-Simmern () was one of the collateral lineages of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach.

The Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach was divided into four lines after the death of Rupert III in 1410, including the line of Palatinate-Simmern with its capital in Simmern. This line became extinct in 1685 with the death of Charles II. The Palatinate-Neuburg line inherited the estate.

The founder of the line Simmern, Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken is also the founder of the cadet branch House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and its cadet branches. The rights over the County of Veldenz and a share of the County of Sponheim, transmitted by Stephen's wife Anna of Veldenz, were held by these lineages.

Counts Palatine of Simmern

 Stefan 1410–1444
 Frederick I 1444–1480
 John I 1480–1509
 John II 1509–1557

Electors of the Palatinate
 Frederick III 1559–1576
 Louis VI 1576–1583
 Frederick IV 1583–1610
 Frederick V 1610–1623
 Charles I Louis 1649–1680
 Charles II 1680–1685

See also
 Palatinate (disambiguation)

Category:German noble families
*
Palatinate-Simmern
Category:History of the Palatinate (region)
Category:Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate


Facundo Colidio

Facundo Colidio (born 4 January 2000) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays for Sint-Truiden in the Belgian Pro League, as a forward on loan from Internazionale.

Club career
He made his professional debut on 5 October 2019, replacing Alexandre De Bruyn for the last 13 minutes of a 4–0 loss at K.V. Kortrijk in Belgian First Division A match.

References

Category:2000 births
Category:Living people
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:Argentina youth international footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Belgian First Division A players
Category:Sint-Truidense V.V. players


Trudge (EP)

{{Album ratings
|rev1 = Allmusic
|rev1score = <ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |first=Richie |last=Unterberger |url=|title=Savage Republic: Trudge' > Review |website=Allmusic |accessdate=July 20, 2015}}</ref>
}}Trudge is an EP by the American post-punk band Savage Republic, released in 1985 on PIAS Recordings. It has been reissued, since 1990, accompanied by Ceremonial''.

Track listing and personnel
All selections written by Mark Erskine, Thom Furhmann, Greg Grunke, Bruce Licher and Ethan Port.
Side One
 "Trudge" - 7:16
 Ethan Port - monotone guitar, chant, percussion
 Greg Gunke - lead bass, chant
 Bruce Licher - bass, lead vocals, percussion, chant
 Mark Erskine - drums, chant
Side Two
 "Trek" - 8:21
 Ethan Port - vocals, metal horn, shakers, percussion
 Greg Gunke - monotone guitar
 Thom Fuhrmann - keyboards
 Bruce Licher - bass, percussion
 Mark Erskine - drums, percussion
 "Siege" - 4:21
 Ethan Port - vocals, metal percussion
 Greg Gunke - monotone guitar
 Bruce Licher - lead bass, percussion
 Thom Fuhrmann - bass
 Mark Erskine - drums, percussion
 "Assembly" - 4:43
 Bruce Licher - monotone guitar, vocals
 Greg Gunke - guitar
 Thom Fuhrmann - keyboards, vocals, trombone
 Mark Erskine - drums, percussion
 Ethan Port - metal percussion

Production and additional personnel
Stephan Barbery – art direction
Ethan James – mixing
Savage Republic – production

Release history

References

External links

Category:1985 EPs
Category:Savage Republic albums
Category:PIAS Recordings EPs


Wellington A. Playter

Wellington A. Playter (9 December 1879 – 15 July 1937) was an English actor. He appeared in 43 films between 1913 and 1921.

Selected filmography

 The Daughter of the Hills (1913)
 An American Citizen (1914)
 The Ring and the Man (1914)
 The County Chairman (1914)
 Marta of the Lowlands (1914)
 The Man from Mexico (1914)
 The Morals of Marcus (1915)
 The Slave Market (1917)
 The Sin Woman (1917)
 Polly of the Circus (1917)
 The Eagle's Eye (1918)
 The Wicked Darling (1919)
 The Struggle Everlasting (1918)
 Spotlight Sadie (1919)
 Fool's Gold (1919)
 Back to God's Country (1919)

References

External links

Category:1879 births
Category:1937 deaths
Category:English male film actors
Category:English male silent film actors
Category:People from York
Category:20th-century English male actors


Samantha Brennan

Samantha Brennan is a British-born philosopher and scholar of women's studies who is currently Dean of the College of Arts and faculty member in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Guelph. She was previously a Professor in the Department of Women's Studies and Feminist Research at Western University, Canada. She remains a member of Western's Rotman Institute of Philosophy and the graduate faculty of the Departments of Political Science and of Philosophy. Brennan was Department Chair of Philosophy at Western from 2002-2007, and 2008-2011. She is Past President of the Canadian Philosophical Association (2017-18).

Education and career
Brennan received her BA in philosophy from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and her PhD from the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she wrote her dissertation, Thresholds for Rights, under the supervision of Shelly Kagan.  Brennan grew up on the east coast of Canada, living in Newfoundland, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. She was born in Lancashire, England.

Brennan has been a Visiting Faculty Fellow in Philosophy, RSSS, the Australian National University and a Taylor Fellow in Philosophy and a Visiting Fellow in Bioethics at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Brennan co-founded Feminist Philosophical Quarterly, an online, open access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting feminist philosophical scholarship.

In 2018 Brennan began a new position as Dean of the College of Arts at the University of Guelph.

Research interests

Brennan's research focuses on contemporary normative ethics, applied ethics, political philosophy, and feminist philosophy. In work on children's rights and family justice, Brennan argues that adults should enter into parenting contracts rather than marriage contracts. In normative ethics, Brennan has developed a moderate deontological account according to which rights can be overridden on the basis of the amount of good that can be brought about by doing so. Brennan has also published on the topics of gender identity and fashion, bioethics, philosophy of sport, the moral significance of death, and on feminist approaches to fitness.

References

External links
"Samantha Brennan on Microinequalities", Public Ethics Radio, Episode 16.
"Thinking Philosophically about the Family"

Category:20th-century British philosophers
Category:21st-century philosophers
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:People from Lancashire
Category:Political philosophers
Category:Feminist philosophers
Category:Canadian ethicists
Category:University of Western Ontario faculty
Category:Dalhousie University alumni
Category:University of Illinois at Chicago alumni
Category:Philosophy academics
Category:Women's studies academics
Category:Canadian women philosophers
Category:Canadian philosophers


Maronnier

Marronnier (마로니에) is a South Korean pop/ballad project group mostly active in the 1990s. Their song "Cocktail Love" has been covered by Maronie Girls, Turtles, Seo Young-eun featuring Kim Youn-woo, and GFriend.

Members
 Kim Min-kyoung (김민경)
 Baek Jong-woo (a.k.a. Marro (마로))
 Kim Ji-young (김지영)
 An Sang-ye (안상예)
 Kim Jung-eun (김정은)
 Shin Yoon-mi (신윤미)
 Won Woo-hyuk (원우혁)
 Kwon In-ha (권인하)
 Bang Seung-hyun (방승현)

Discography

Albums
 혼자 남는 법/안개꽃 꽃말은 슬픔, 1992
 Cocktail Love, 1994
 마로니에 '95 - 진실게임, 1995
 마로니에 '96 - 큐피트의 화살, April 1996
 마로니에 '97, May 1997
 마로니에 '98, 1998

Compilations
 마로니에 - The best, December 2002

Spin-off groups
 Maronie Friends
 Maronie Girls

References
 Maronnier in musicON
 Maronnier in Yahoo Music Korea

Category:South Korean pop music groups


The Voice (Russian season 1)

The first season of the Russian TV show The Voice was broadcast on the Channel One from 5 October 2012 to 29 December 2012.

Coaches

Teams
 Colour key

Blind auditions
Color key

Episode 1 (5 October)
The coaches performed "Let It Be" at the start of the show.

Episode 2 (12 October)

Episode 3 (19 October)

Episode 4 (26 October)

Episode 5 (2 November)

Episode 6 (9 November)

The Battles

The Battles round started with episode 7 and ended with episode 9 (broadcast on November 16, 23, 30, 2016).
Contestants who win their battle will advance to the Knockout rounds.

Colour key

The Knockouts
The Knockouts round was broadcast on 7 December 2012.

The top 12 contestants will then move on to the "Live Shows".
Colour key

Live shows
Colour key:

Week 1: Quarterfinal (14 December)
The Top 12 performed on Friday, 14 December 2012. The one artist with the fewest votes from the each team left the competition by the end of the night.

Week 2: Semifinal (21 December)
The Top 8 performed on Friday, 21 December 2012. The one artist with the fewest votes from the each team left the competition.

Week 3: Final (29 December)
The Top 4 performed on Friday, 29 December 2012. This week, the four finalists performed one solo cover songs and two duets with star and with their coach.

Elimination chart

Overall

Colour key
Artist's info

Result details

Team
Colour key
Artist's info

Result details

Reception

Rating

References

Category:The Voice (Russian TV series)
Category:2012 Russian television seasons


William Howard (basketball)

William Howard (born October 25, 1993) is a French professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League. Howard started his basketball career in his home country, France.

Professional career

France
In June 2012, while preparing to enter the University of Washington, he returned to France because he is ineligible for the NCAA because of a low score on an English exam. A month later, he signed with BCM Gravelines-Dunkerque.

On June 25, 2014, he was extended for two years by Gravelines-Dunkerque. On July 12, 2014, he was sent on loan to Denain Voltaire Basket in Pro B.

Between June 20 and June 25, 2015, he participated in an internship in Vichy with the France A team.

On June 25, 2015, he joined Hyères-Toulon. From 2017-2019, Howard played for CSP Limoges.

NBA

Salt Lake City Stars (2019)
On July 15, 2019, he received an offer to join the Utah Jazz, who helped buy out his contract with Limoges. Howard officially signed with the Jazz on July 17. He was ultimately waived and added to their NBA G League affiliate, the Salt Lake City Stars.

Houston Rockets (2019–present)
On December 27, 2019, the Houston Rockets announced via Twitter that they had signed Howard to a two-way contract.

References

External links
 Profile at eurobasket.com
 Profile at draftexpress.com

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:BCM Gravelines players
Category:Denain Voltaire Basket players
Category:French expatriate basketball people in the United States
Category:French men's basketball players
Category:Houston Rockets players
Category:HTV Basket players
Category:Limoges CSP players
Category:National Basketball Association players from France
Category:People from Montbrison
Category:Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
Category:Salt Lake City Stars players
Category:Small forwards
Category:Sportspeople from Loire (department)
Category:Undrafted National Basketball Association players


Stranahan House

Stranahan House is the home of Fort Lauderdale pioneers Frank and Ivy Stranahan. Built in 1901 as a trading post and converted into a residence for the Stranahans in 1906, the house is the oldest surviving structure in Broward County. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and today operates as a historic house museum. The House is open for guided tours at 1, 2, and 3 p.m. daily, and hosts special events throughout the year.

The Stranahans

1893–1900
In 1893, at the age of 27 Frank Stranahan was hired by his cousin to manage his camp and ferry at Tarpon Bend located on the New River. He would quickly establish his own trading business with the Seminole Indians and gain the reputation of being a fair business man. Arriving via dugout canoes, large groups of Seminole families would camp at the post for days at a time. Eventually, in 1894 Frank would acquire ten acres of land for his own commercial interests and would move the trading post farther west along the river. This property became the focal point of the tiny New River settlement, of which Stranahan was now its postmaster.

By 1899, the community had grown large enough to qualify for a teacher from the county board of education. Eighteen-year-old Ivy Julia Cromartie of Lemon city (what is now Little Haiti) was hired at $48 a month for the job. Community members built the one-room schoolhouse for Ivy and her nine students. Frank and Ivy would come to know one another during the five months Ivy lived and taught at the settlement. They would marry on August 16, 1900 at her family home, and as was customary for married women at the time, Ivy gave up her paid position. Though she gave up her paid position she did not, however, give up her teaching aspirations. She instead turned her attention to the Seminole children, offering informal lessons at the trading post that respected the Tribe's traditions. Her approach quelled skeptical tribal elders' fears and formed the basis for her lifelong friendship with the Seminole people.

1901–1910
Frank built the present day Stranahan House in 1901; the lower floor served as a trading post and the upper floor as a community hall. By 1906 Frank's business had expanded to include a general store and bank, he would also build a new building closer to the Railroad which had arrived in 1896. The old trading post was renovated as a result into a residence for the Stranahans.

As Frank's businesses grew, so did the settlement. By 1910 the Census reports that there was 142 people living in the town. Frank and Ivy would take on many leadership roles in the social and civic life of their developing city, Ivy for instance would help found the Women's Civic improvement Association, later the Woman's club of Fort Lauderdale. Throughout the rest of her life Ivy would be involved with virtually every civic and social cause in the city.

1911–1929
Renamed Fort Lauderdale after the army forts that had been built during the Seminole Wars, the area was incorporated in 1911. Frank donated land for many public projects. With this new name Frank would end up selling the trading company in 1912 to focus on real estate and banking while Ivy would become president of the Florida Equal Suffrage Association in 1916. In 1924 due to her close relationship with the Seminoles, the federal government would seek out Ivy and ask for assistance in persuading the tribe to move to the reservation. She would be successful in her efforts.

In 1926, Florida's land boom had collapsed. Frank suffered extreme economic reverses that were worsened over the next three years by two devastating hurricanes. Adding to Frank's distress was the knowledge that friends and associates who had invested with him were financially ruined as well. On May 22, 1929, deeply depressed and in ill health, Frank committed suicide drowning in the New River in front of his home.

1929–1971
Ivy carried on, making ends meet by renting out rooms of her home and eventually leasing the lower floor to a series of restaurants. She gradually returned to her civic activism. Among her many accomplishments she became a long-term member of the city's planning and zoning committee, successfully lobbied for the Homestead Exemption law, established the Friends of the Seminoles and founded Broward County chapters of the Red Cross and Campfire Girls.
Ivy remained in her home until her death on August 30, 1971 at the age of 90. The house was left to the Seventh Day Adventist church, of which Ivy had been a member since 1915 it was purchased by the Fort Lauderdale Historical Society in 1975.

The House

1901–1928
Frank built the two-story structure at its present site in 1901. The lower floor was used as the trading post, and the upper floor as a community hall. In 1906 Frank renovated the house and made it into their home. Bay windows were added, and gas lighting fixtures were likely installed at this time. The upper floor is believed to have remained an open space, accessible via the exterior stairs. In 1913 the house went through a second major renovation, the interior staircase was added and the house was wired for electricity. Water towers were installed in 1915 and it is believed that indoor plumbing was also installed at the same time.

1929–present
Following Frank's suicide in 1929, Ivy continued to live in the house, but rented out rooms to visitors and later leased the lower floor to a series of restaurants, the last of which is known as the Pioneer House Restaurant. In 1971 Ivy died, but she left the home to the Seventh Day Adventist Church who registered the home with the National Register of Historic Homes in 1973.

With the last restaurant closed, the Historical Society of Fort Lauderdale bought the house from the Seventh Day Adventists in 1979 and for the next four years a construction project began to restore the house to its 1915 appearance. In 1981 the House became its own corporation, with a separate board of trustees. The house opened to the public in the spring of 1984.

References

External links

 Broward County listings at National Register of Historic Places
 Florida Division of Historical Resources

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Category:Museums in Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Category:Historic house museums in Florida
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Broward County, Florida
Category:Houses in Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Category:Houses completed in 1901
Category:1901 establishments in Florida


Women's day massacre

The women's day massacre was an event that took place on June 19, 1937, in Youngstown, Ohio. Members of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) were protesting Little Steel Management to receive recognition for their union organization. In March 1937, U.S. Steel had agreed to recognize the union, but the smaller Republic Steel refused to follow suit. Republic's anti-union chairman, Thomas Girdler, defied labor laws and used force to intimidate workers, firing over a thousand union supporters. These actions led to workers striking in the Little Steel strike and to an intense class battle. The strike went beyond picketing when steelworkers' wives joined the demonstration alongside their husbands in an event deemed "Women's Day".

Charley Richmond, a Youngstown police captain placed in charge of watching the picket line, was unhappy to see women protesting and decided to find a union leader to immediately put an end to their demonstration. When he could not find a leader to halt the protest, he gathered a small contingent of police to demand the women leave, as he believed they had no business being there. His less-than progressive views angered the women, who responded to his attitude by spitting and cursing towards the officers. When they refused to leave, the police captain ordered tear gas fired on the women and their children, who were also present at the demonstration. An infant being carried by one of the women was injured during the assault. Outraged, union workers began to rush on the scene. They attacked a policeman who had been isolated from the other officers, which resulted in gunfire from the police. The battle that took place directly in front of Republic Steel's front gate did not deter the union workers – they regrouped, and the confrontation with the police morphed into an all-out battle. The encounter continued through the night, with local SWOC leaders doing everything they could to protect union workers and restore order. They realized their attempt at separating the warring groups was in vain when they witnessed one of the union supporters, John Bogovich, die after being shot in the neck. When news of Bogovich's death spread to the people of Youngstown, melee ensued. Union supporters returned fire on the police, a scene described by witnesses as "The Great War [starting] over again". By dawn, Ohio's governor had called in over 5,000 National Guard members to protect Youngstown. SWOC organizer John Steuben was forced to negotiate a peaceful withdrawal of police forces while the remaining union supporters gathered for a debriefing of the night's events.

In the end, Republic fired many of the union leaders, and steel workers were forced to continue their fight for dignity in the labor force. The U.S. Senate's La Follette Civil Liberties Commission investigated the strike, finding that 16 people had died and 283 people were injured, and that some of those were shot in the back while running away from the police. It was determined that the police forces were internally hired by Republic Steel and were supplied with over 160,000 rounds of ammunition for the Youngstown district. One union organizer looked back on the scene, describing it as "Gas...flying all over the place and shots flying and flares going up and it was the first time I had ever seen anything like it in my life". It wasn't until 1941 that the Little Steel companies finally recognized unions.

See also
 Little Steel strike
 List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes

References

Category:Riots and civil disorder in Ohio
Category:Youngstown, Ohio
Category:1937 in Ohio


Minot train derailment

The Minot train derailment occurred just west of Minot, North Dakota, United States, on January 18, 2002, when a Canadian Pacific Railway freight train derailed, spilling hazardous materials.

Derailment
At about 1:37 a.m. CST, 30 cars of a Canadian Pacific train derailed about four miles west of the city center, in a development called Terracita Vallejo in Harrison Township in Ward County. Five tanker cars carrying anhydrous ammonia ruptured, releasing a cloud of caustic, poisonous gas over the city. Soon after the derailment, a large area around the derailed train was evacuated, and residents in the remainder of the city were told to stay indoors. The accident killed one person, caused serious injuries to 11 more (including both of the train's crew members), and caused minor injuries to 322 others.

Response
Dispatchers told residents to close doors and windows, boil water, and cover their faces with wet cloths to counteract the ammonia.

Emergency response to the disaster was disorganized. Local emergency managers did not activate the city's radio-based Emergency Alert System. The public siren system failed during the event and the 911 telephone system became overloaded. Because it was the middle of the night, there were few people at local radio stations, all operated by Clear Channel with mostly automated programming. No formal emergency warnings were issued for several hours while Minot officials located station managers at home. North Dakota's public radio network, Prairie Public Broadcasting, was notified and did broadcast warnings to citizens.

The incident has been cited as an example of the physical dangers of media consolidation and the cost-cutting practice of not keeping overnight staff at stations. Even without activation of the Emergency Alert System, a live announcer would still have been able to warn citizens of the emergency via the traditional means of the broadcast signal and an on-air microphone. As local stations were running in automated mode, there was nobody on-site to interrupt programming and issue warnings concerning the disaster.

By the morning of January 18, the cloud was dissipating, but covered a wider area of the city. Governor John Hoeven arrived on a North Dakota National Guard helicopter to survey the disaster, landing near Dakota Square Mall for a brief press conference.

Investigation
The accident was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board.

The NTSB determined that the train crew was operating their train at the appropriate speed through the region and adhering to operating procedures, and did not have alcohol or drugs in their system. Therefore, crew training or operation were ruled out as factors. The NTSB found evidence at the derailment site of fatigue cracking on the rail and on joint bars used to connect sections of track together. The joint bar failed, followed by failure of the rail itself, causing the train to derail. The NTSB determined that the railway was using visual inspection to inspect tracks in the area, and that this was inadequate to identify small fatigue cracks. As a result, the NTSB determined the probable cause of the derailment to be ineffective Canadian Pacific inspection and maintenance procedures, which resulted in failure to replace cracked joint bars before they fractured.

Coverage and aftermath
The derailment made national news in the United States and Canada, though the CP involvement perhaps encouraged broader coverage in the latter. CBC reporters were on the scene the day of the disaster, and filed reports on the aftermath on the national news programs throughout the week, while ABC News provided only a short clip the day of the disaster.

Cleanup operations began around 24 hours after the wreck, as soon as the gas cloud had dissipated enough to allow workers to safely get near the train. As part of the operations, CP removed ammonia-contaminated ice from the Souris River to avoid further environmental damage. After the disaster, CP opened a claims office in Minot to avoid a larger lawsuit. Residents were offered several hundred dollars as a settlement, waiving their rights to pursue a claim in court.

The NTSB estimated that the accident caused over $2 million in damages, and another $8 million in environmental cleanup costs.

Following the incident, the Minot city council imposed a speed limit on trains passing through the city.

References

Category:Minot, North Dakota
Category:Derailments in the United States
Category:Railway accidents in 2002
Category:Transportation disasters in North Dakota
Category:Rail transportation in North Dakota
Category:Accidents and incidents involving Canadian Pacific Railway
Category:2002 in North Dakota
Category:January 2002 events in the United States


2018 Pan American Wrestling Championships

The 2018 Pan American Wrestling Championships was held in Lima, Peru, from 3 to 6 May 2018.

The top three countries in the 18 weight categories scheduled to be held at the 2019 Pan American Games (also in Lima) qualified for the games.

Team ranking

Medal table

Medalists

Men's freestyle

Men's Greco-Roman

Women's freestyle

See also
Wrestling at the 2019 Pan American Games – Qualification

References

Pan America
Pan American Wrestling Championships
2018 Pan American Wrestling Championships
Category:Sports competitions in Peru
Category:Qualification tournaments for the 2019 Pan American Games
Category:Pan American Wrestling Championships


M. D. Rajendran

M. D. Rajendran is an Indian musical artist and lyricist. His debut film was Mochanam in 1979.

Biography
M. D. Rajendran was born at Thrissur of [[Kerala] in 1952. He is the son of Ponkunnam Damodaran, who was a poet and activist. M D Rajendran was employed with AIR, Thrissur till his retirement in 2012. He is famous as a malayalam poet and lyricist for malayalam films. His debut film was Mochanam (1979) and songs were composed by Devarajan Master. He has written lyrics for about 35 films, most notable works are for Shalini Ente Koottukari (1980), Mangalam Nerunnu (1983) and Devaragam(1996) directed by Bharathan. He has also composed music for some albums and films.

Filmography

As a lyricist
 Mochanam (1979)
 Shalini Ente Koottukari (1980)
 Swathu (1980)
 Theekkali (1981)
 Kadhayariyathe (1981)
 Paarvathy (1981)
 Oru Swakaaryam (1983)
 Mangalam Nerunnu (1984)
 Koodum Thedi (1985)
 Adhyayam Onnumuthal (1985)
 Akalathe Ambili (1985)
 Ariyaathe (1986)
 Oru Kadha Oru Nunakkadha (1986)
 Manjamandaarangal (1987)
 Chaithram(1989)
 Ammaavanu Pattiya Amali (1989)
 Aaram Vardil Aabhyanthara Kalaham (1990)
 Aagneyam (1993)
 Saakshyam (1995)
 Devaraagam (1996)
 Anubhoothi (1997)
 Shaanthipuram Thampuraan (1997)
 Over To Delhi (1997)
 Manjeeradhwani (1998)
 Amma Ammaayiyamma (1998)
 Neelanjanam (1998)
 Manassil Oru Manjuthulli (2000)
 Praja (2001)
 Grand Mother (2002)
 Anyar (2003)
 Koottu (2004)
 The Campus (2005)
 Thaskaraveeran (2005)
 Gopaalapuraanam (2008)
 Mounam (2009)
 Black Stallion (2009)
 Pramani (2010)
 Ammanilavu (2010)

As a music composer
 Over To Delhi (1997)
 Neelaanjanam (1998)
 Grand Mother (2002)
 Mounam (2009)
 Ammanilavu (2010)

As a screenplay writer, director, script writer, singer and dialogue writer
 Ammanilavu (2010)

References

Category:Living people
Category:Malayalam-language lyricists
Category:People from Thrissur district
Category:Indian lyricists
Category:Film musicians from Kerala
Category:Indian male composers
Category:Musicians from Thrissur
Category:Screenwriters from Kerala
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Khanom tan

Khanom tan (; ) is a local popular Thai dessert which can be found in the provinces that have sugar palm, such as Phetchaburi, Nakhon Pathom and Suphanburi.

Khanom tan is made in the same way as khanom kluay. Khanom tan is made from banana and coconut milk, rice flour, yeast, and toddy palms (palm sugar). Toddy palm has a strong smell when crushed. Palm is very rich in vitamins A and C, and is juicy and soft, similar to lychee.

History
Khanom Tan is one popular Thai desserts that come from Sukhothai period. In that time the main ingredients were rice flour, sugar and coconut Afterwards the time had changed and people in Ayutthaya has been developed a new recipe mixing eggs with sugar. Such ingredients are used until now. Nowadays, Khanom Tan is not well known among  the younger generations because It is rarely found on street or in the market but It is still  popular Thai dessert. The palm has a strong smell when crushed. Palm is very rich in vitamins A and C, and is juicy and soft

Preparation

Ingredients
       4 and ½ cups of rice flour
	1 cup of ripe sugar palm fruit (squeeze the meat)
	4 and ½ cups of coconut milk
	3 cups of sugar
	3 cups of scraped coconut (overripe)
	1 tsp. salt
	1/2 tbsp. baking powder.

How to cook
 Crush the sugar palm fruit with water in a bowl.
Put all of the juice in a filter cloth bag and squeeze.
Leave it in the refrigerator for 24 hours.
Boil coconut milk with sugar.
When it's boiling, turn off the fire and leave it cool off.
In a big bowl, mix sugar palm meat from step1 with rice flour and coconut milk from step2.
Knead well. Make sure it is really soft.
Leave it outside for 4 hours.
Put wet white cloth over top.
Cut banana leave and make a small cup from it.
Pour the mix in banana cups or ceramic cups if you can't make one.
Mix scraped coconut with salt and dress it over top the cake.
Steam on boiling water for 15 minutes.

See also
 Thai cuisine
 List of Thai desserts
 List of Thai dishes (includes names in Thai script)

References

Category:Thai desserts and snacks


Paolo Di Canio

Paolo Di Canio (born 9 July 1968) is an Italian football manager and former professional footballer. During his playing career he made over 500 league appearances and scored over one hundred goals appearing primarily as a deep-lying forward but could also play as an attacking midfielder, or as a winger. A talented yet controversial player, Di Canio was known for his creativity, eye for goal, technical ability, and dribbling skills, as well as his temperamental character, tenacity and aggression on the pitch.

Di Canio began his career in the Italian Serie A, playing for Lazio, Juventus, Napoli and Milan, before a brief spell with the Scottish club Celtic. He subsequently spent seven years in the English Premier League with Sheffield Wednesday, West Ham United and Charlton Athletic. He returned to Italy in 2004, playing for Lazio and Cisco Roma before retiring in 2008. He played for the Italian under-21s, making 9 appearances and scoring 2 goals, and was notably a member of the squad that finished in third place at the 1990 UEFA European Under-21 Championship under manager Cesare Maldini, but was never capped for the senior team.

Among the individual awards he received as a player, Di Canio was named SPFA Players' Player of the Year in 1997 and West Ham's player of the season in 2000. However, his career was at times characterised by controversy: he received an eleven-match ban in 1998 for pushing a referee and attracted negative publicity over his self allegiance to fascism.

In 2011, Di Canio entered football management in England with Swindon Town, guiding them in his first full season as manager to promotion to League One. He was appointed as the Sunderland manager at the end of March 2013. His controversial appointment lasted 13 games until he was sacked on 22 September after Sunderland had won only three games under his managership.

Early life
Di Canio was born in Rome, in the district of Quarticciolo, a working-class area populated mainly by A.S. Roma fans. However, Di Canio was drawn to their local rivals S.S. Lazio. As a young boy, he was addicted to cola and similar drinks and called Pallocca, a slang term meaning lard-ball. He was fat, and knock-kneed, and needed to wear orthopedic shoes – "But I never hid. My response was to exercise; to try to become the kind of person I am."

Playing career
He signed for Lazio in 1985 and remained there until 1990. Lazio won promotion to Serie A in 1988, having narrowly escaped relegation to Serie C1 the year before. He finally made his first-team debut in October 1988 and went on to play 30 games during the 1988–89 season. Di Canio scored the winner in the first Rome derby of the season, a goal which contributed to Lazio's survival in Serie A that season and earning him hero status. In 1990, he was sold to another of Italy's biggest clubs, Juventus; although he won the UEFA Cup with the Turin side in 1993, he struggled to gain playing time during his tenure with the club, due to the presence of other forwards and creative midfielders in the team, such as Roberto Baggio, Salvatore Schillaci, Pierluigi Casiraghi, Fabrizio Ravanelli, Gianluca Vialli, and Andreas Möller. He left Juventus after an "animated exchange" with then manager Giovanni Trapattoni and spent the 1993–94 season with Napoli. Two seasons followed at A.C. Milan, where, despite winning the Serie A title in 1996, he once again struggled to gain playing time due to heavy competition from his teammates, culminating in another row, this time with Fabio Capello.

Celtic
In July 1996 he joined Celtic in Scotland, and enjoyed a successful season in Glasgow, scoring 15 goals in 37 appearances  and winning the SPFA Player of the Year award.  His time in Glasgow was dogged by controversy though; sent-off during a 2–2 draw against Hearts in November 1996  and heavily involved in an acrimonious league match against Rangers in March 1997 where he behaved aggressively towards Ian Ferguson and gestured in the direction of Rangers’ bench as he was led from the field by teammates. The Italian was called to the referee’s room after the teams had returned to the dressing room and was shown another yellow card in addition to the one he had received earlier in the game. Di Canio then demanded a large wage rise at the end of the season, but this was rebuffed by Celtic.  He then refused to join the Celtic squad in the Netherlands for their pre-season training during July 1997.

Sheffield Wednesday
On 6 August 1997, Di Canio moved to the English Premiership as he joined Sheffield Wednesday in a transfer deal valued at around £4.2 million. Whilst in Sheffield, Di Canio was the club's leading goal scorer for the 1997–98 season with 14 goals and he became a favourite of the fans.

In September 1998, Di Canio pushed referee Paul Alcock to the ground after being sent off while playing for Sheffield Wednesday against Arsenal at Hillsborough, which resulted in an extended ban of 11 matches and him being fined £10,000.

West Ham United

In January 1999, Di Canio signed for West Ham United for £1.5 million. He had not played football since his ban following his push on Paul Alcock. West Ham manager, Harry Redknapp on signing Di Canio admitted he was taking a chance but said of the player "He can do things with the ball that people can only dream of". Di Canio said of his ban, "I made a mistake and I'm sorry, West Ham have given me a big chance and I'm very happy" He scored his first goal for West Ham on 27 February 1999 in his fourth game. Playing against Blackburn Rovers, Di Canio made the first goal in a 2–0 win, for Ian Pearce in the 27th minute and scored the second in the 31st minute. He helped them to achieve a high league position (5th) and qualify for the UEFA Cup through the Intertoto Cup. He was also the OPTA player of the season 1998–99. He scored the BBC Goal of the Season in March 2000 with a flying volley against Wimbledon, which is still considered among the best goals in Premiership history and was named as the Premiership's goal of the decade in a December 2009 Sky Sports News viewers' poll, scoring 30% of votes. In this season he was also voted Hammer of the Year by the club's fans.

In December 2000, late in a game against Everton and with both sides vying for the winning goal, Di Canio shunned a goal-scoring opportunity and stopped play, grabbing the ball from a cross inside the box, as the Everton goalkeeper Paul Gerrard was lying injured on the ground after he twisted his knee attempting a clearance on the edge of the box. The Goodison Park crowd reacted with a standing ovation.  FIFA officially lauded Di Canio's gesture, describing it as "a special act of good sportsmanship," and awarded him next year the FIFA Fair Play Award.

Sir Alex Ferguson tried to sign him for Manchester United halfway through the 2001–02 season, but his attempts were unsuccessful and Di Canio remained in East London for another season and a half.

In 2003, with the Hammers struggling at the bottom of the league, Di Canio had a very public row with manager Glenn Roeder and was dropped from the first team. However, he returned at the end of the season (after Roeder, stricken by a brain tumour, was replaced by Trevor Brooking) and scored a winner against Chelsea in the penultimate game of the season, a game that boosted West Ham's chances of staying in the Premiership. However, they were relegated on the final day of the season after a 2–2 draw away to Birmingham City, where Di Canio scored an 89th-minute equaliser. He was released on a free transfer and signed  with Charlton Athletic for the start of the 2003–04 season.

Charlton Athletic
In his one season at The Valley, Di Canio helped Charlton Athletic finish the season in 7th position, the club's highest league finish since the 1950s. However, he only scored four league goals for the Addicks, all of which came from the penalty spot (one from a rebound). one of the penalty kicks was an audacious 'Panenka' style penalty kick against Arsenal.  Di Canio however continued to be a provider of goals as well, notably in October 2003 when he came on as second-half substitute with Charlton trailing 0–1 away at Portsmouth. He provided most of the spark for Charlton's much-improved second-half display, and after Jonathan Fortune had equalised for Charlton, it was from Di Canio's corner kick in the last minute that Shaun Bartlett headed home the winning goal.

Return to Italy
Even though he had already signed an extension to his Charlton contract, in August 2004 he returned to his home team of Lazio taking a massive pay cut in order to return to the economically stretched Roman team.  Lazio fans were happy to have a Rome-bred Lazio supporter in the team again, something missing since the departure of Alessandro Nesta in 2002. He scored in the Rome derby, just as he had in 1989, leading the team to a 3–1 victory over A.S. Roma in January (6 January 2005). However the negative publicity that Di Canio generated for Lazio, including his intimate relationship with club's ultras and their increased influence thanks to his presence in the team, coupled with problems with some teammates and coaches, exasperated club president and majority shareholder, Claudio Lotito, with whom he already had a difficult relationship. As a result, Di Canio's contract was not renewed in the summer of 2006. During several of his games for Lazio – including during goal celebrations – Di Canio made a fascist salute to their right-wing fans. He subsequently signed with Cisco Roma of Serie C2 on a free transfer. In his first season with Cisco Roma, his team failed promotion to playoffs, despite a runners-up position in the regular season. He subsequently agreed to stay with Cisco for another season, in a second attempt to win promotion to Serie C1 with the Roman side.

On 10 March 2008, Di Canio announced his retirement from football, ending his 23-year playing career before the end of the season due to physical issues. It was his intention to begin coaching lessons at Coverciano to gain a coaching position. In an interview he revealed that his dream would be to manage former club West Ham, and applied for the position after the resignation of Alan Curbishley in September 2008. Di Canio played in Tony Carr's testimonial game at Upton Park on 5 May 2010, which featured a West Ham team against West Ham Academy old boys. He played for both sides during the match. The West Ham team won 5–1. In July 2010, in honour of Di Canio, West Ham announced the opening of the Paolo Di Canio Lounge, within the West Stand, at their Upton Park ground, which was formally launched by the unveiling of a plaque by Di Canio himself, on 11 September 2010.

Managerial career

Swindon Town

On 20 May 2011, Di Canio was appointed manager of Swindon Town on a two-year contract, following the club's relegation to League Two. Di Canio began his career as a manager with a 3–0 win over Crewe Alexandra on 6 August 2011. On 30 August 2011, Di Canio was involved in a pitch-side altercation with Swindon striker Leon Clarke after their defeat in the League Cup to Southampton. In January 2012, Swindon caused a FA Cup shock by defeating Premier League club Wigan Athletic 2–1. Di Canio stated that he believed his players deserved to have their names put on the stadium and dedicated the victory to his father, who died late in 2011. He was sent to the stands later in the month in a league game against Macclesfield Town for vociferously venting his frustration at his side not being awarded a free-kick. Swindon won the match 1–0 and with over half the season gone, his team were fighting for promotion to League One.

Under Di Canio, Swindon reached the 2012 Football League Trophy Final, where they were defeated 2–0 by Chesterfield.

On 21 April 2012, Swindon were promoted to the League One after Crawley Town's 1–1 draw with Dagenham & Redbridge and Torquay United's 2–0 loss to AFC Wimbledon, despite Di Canio's side having lost 3–1 to Gillingham on the same day. He dedicated the promotion to his parents, his mother having died shortly after his father in April of that year. One week later, Swindon won the Football League Two thanks to an emphatic 5–0 victory over Port Vale. Swindon finished the season on 93 points.

Although in the 2012–13 season, Swindon were knocked out of the FA Cup and the Football League Trophy in their first game against opposition from lower leagues, they did have a solid run in the League Cup in which they won against three teams from higher leagues. They beat Brighton & Hove Albion 3–0, won against Stoke City 3–4 after extra time, and beat Burnley 3–1 before narrowly missing out against Aston Villa 3–2 at home.

In January 2013, with Swindon under a transfer embargo and in financial difficulty, Di Canio offered to pay £30,000 of his own money to keep loan players John Bostock, Chris Martin and Danny Hollands at the club.

On 18 January 2013, ahead of Swindon's Saturday clash with Shrewsbury Town, Di Canio worked into the night alongside approximately 200 volunteers to clear a snow-covered pitch at the County Ground, thus allowing the game to go ahead. He showed his appreciation by ordering everyone pizza. Swindon won the match 2–0, which Di Canio publicly deemed a present to the volunteers.

In January 2013, the Swindon Town chairman announced that due to financial difficulties, no money would be made available for future signings. Di Canio offered to pay £30,000 of his own money to keep loan players at the club. With the possibility of the club entering administration, a new buyer was found, subject to Football League approval, and without the knowledge of Di Canio, player Matt Ritchie was sold to Bournemouth. Further attempts to sign players by Di Canio were rejected by the Football League due to the club's financial situation with Di Canio "considering his future" at Swindon due to off-field financial problems. In February, Di Canio offered his resignation but said he would withdraw this if approval for the new owners, by the Football League, was received by 18 February. This did not happen and he resigned as manager of Swindon Town.

Sunderland
On 31 March 2013, Sunderland appointed Di Canio as manager on a two-and-a-half-year contract, following the dismissal of Martin O'Neill the previous day. The appointment prompted the immediate resignation of club vice-chairman David Miliband due to Di Canio's "past political statements". The appointment of Di Canio also sparked opposition from the Durham Miners' Association, which decided to remove one of its mining banners from Sunderland's Stadium of Light, which is built on the former site of the Monkwearmouth Colliery, as a symbol of its anger over the appointment. The background to the opposition was past statements made by Di Canio supporting fascism.

Di Canio was tasked with keeping Sunderland in the Premier League, following a run of only three points from a possible 24. His first game as manager of Sunderland resulted in a 2–1 away defeat to Chelsea. Di Canio's second game in charge was the Tyne–Wear derby against Newcastle United at St James' Park on 14 April. Sunderland defeated their fierce rivals 3–0, their first away victory in the fixture in over a decade. Each goal sparked wild celebrations from Di Canio and the Sunderland bench. Di Canio then got his first win at the Stadium of Light against Everton.

Although the team did not win the next three matches, including drawing the final two home games and a heavy 6–1 defeat to Aston Villa, Sunderland secured their Premier League survival when Wigan Athletic were defeated at Arsenal and relegated, trailing then-17th placed Sunderland by four points with only one game to play.

For the 2013–14 season, Di Canio signed fourteen new players and sold experienced players such as Simon Mignolet, James McClean and Stéphane Sessègnon. After five league games, Sunderland had gained only a single point, from an away draw with Southampton. Di Canio was dismissed on 22 September 2013, the day after the fifth match of the season, a 3–0 defeat to West Bromwich Albion, and only his 13th match in charge. Sunderland chief executive officer Margaret Byrne stated that Di Canio had been sacked after senior players had approached her and that his situation became untenable due to his "brutal and vitriolic" criticism of the squad. Di Canio denies this.

Subsequent managerial links
Di Canio was linked with the Celtic job in May 2014, and applied for vacant managerial positions at Bolton Wanderers in October 2014,, and Rotherham United in September 2015 and again in February 2016.

Political views
In 2005, he characterised his political views by declaring that he was "a fascist, not a racist".

His use of the Roman salute toward Lazio supporters, a gesture adopted by Italian fascists in the 20th century, has created controversy. Documented uses of the salute include in matches against arch-rivals Roma and Livorno, a club inclined to left-wing politics. Di Canio received a one-match ban after the second event and was fined €7,000. He was later quoted as saying, "I will always salute as I did because it gives me a sense of belonging to my people ... I saluted my people with what for me is a sign of belonging to a group that holds true values, values of civility against the standardisation that this society imposes upon us." His salute has been featured on unofficial merchandise sold outside Stadio Olimpico after the ban.

He has also expressed admiration for the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. In his 2001 autobiography Paolo Di Canio: l'Autobiografia (Paolo Di Canio: The Autobiography), published by Libreria dello Sport, he praised Mussolini as "basically a very principled, ethical individual" who was "deeply misunderstood".

In 2010, Di Canio attended the funeral of senior fascist Paolo Signorelli, where mourners were photographed making mass fascist salutes towards Signorelli's coffin. Signorelli had been convicted of involvement in the Bologna massacre, a neo-fascist terrorist attack which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200.

Di Canio's political ideology has been a source of controversy in the course of his managerial career. When Di Canio was appointed as the manager of Swindon Town in 2011, the trade union GMB terminated its sponsorship agreement with the club, worth around £4,000 per season, due to Di Canio's fascist views.

He was appointed as manager of Sunderland on 31 March 2013. The club's vice-chairman David Miliband, a Labour politician and former foreign secretary, subsequently stepped down. Miliband stated that he had taken the decision to resign "in the light of the new manager's past political statements".

In a profile piece in 2011, an unnamed source asserted that Di Canio was not "an ideological fascist", attributing his behaviour to "his psychological history, particularly his former compulsive tendencies and pronounced mood swings". In the same article, Di Canio said that he was not politically active: "I don't vote, I haven't voted for 14 years. Italian politicians—all of them—think only about themselves, and making money."

Personal life
Di Canio has several tattoos, including on his right biceps the Latin word "DUX", meaning "leader" or, in Italian, Il Duce—a nickname for Benito Mussolini. Sky Sport Italia was forced to apologize after Di Canio appeared as a pundit in September 2016 in a short-sleeved shirt, thus revealing the tattoo to television viewers; he was later suspended by the station. His back is covered with a tattoo of fascist imagery, including an eagle, fasces and a portrait of Mussolini. He also has a West Ham United tattoo on his left upper arm and a tattoo of his father on his chest.

Di Canio has spoken also of the growing influence in his life of Samurai culture, and of the Japanese spiritual mentality from reading Mishima, and the teachings in the traditions of Hagakure and Bushido.

Career statistics

Club

1.Includes Coppa Italia, Scottish Cup and FA Cup
2.Includes Scottish League Cup and EFL Cup.
3.Includes UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup.
4.Includes Supercoppa Italiana.

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Lazio
 Serie B promotion: 1987–88
 Supercoppa Italiana runner-up: 2004

Juventus
 UEFA Cup: 1992–93
 Coppa Italia runner-up: 1991–92

Milan
 Serie A: 1995–96
 UEFA Super Cup: 1994
 UEFA Champions League runner-up: 1994–95
 Intercontinental Cup runner-up: 1994

West Ham United
 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999

Individual
 PFA Scotland Players' Player of the Year: 1996–97
 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Player of the Year: 1998
 Hammer of the Year: 2000
 BBC Goal of the Season: 1999–2000
 FIFA Fair Play Award: 2001

Manager
Swindon Town
 Football League Two: 2011–12
 Football League Trophy runner-up: 2011–12

Individual
 LMA League Two Manager of the Year: 2012
 Football League Two Manager of the Month: February 2012

References

Bibliography
Paolo Di Canio, Paolo Di Canio: l'Autobiografia, Milan, Libreria dello Sport, 2001,  (Paolo Di Canio: The Autobiography).

External links

Profile at FIGC
Premier League Profile

Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Rome
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:S.S. Lazio players
Category:Ternana Calcio players
Category:Juventus F.C. players
Category:S.S.C. Napoli players
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Category:Celtic F.C. players
Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Category:West Ham United F.C. players
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Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
Category:Expatriate footballers in Scotland
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Category:Italian football managers
Category:Swindon Town F.C. managers
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Category:Italian expatriate football managers
Category:Expatriate football managers in England
Category:Italian neo-fascists


Steriphoma peruvianum

Steriphoma peruvianum is a species of flowering plant in the Capparaceae family. It is native to Peru.

Category:Capparaceae
Category:Plants described in 1865


Kenneth G. McCracken

Kenneth G. McCracken, AO (born 7 August 1933) is an Australian physicist and leading space scientist, foundation Director of the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Office of Space Science and Applications and Foundation Chief of the CSIRO Division of Mineral Physics. He had earlier worked in the United States of America for several years where he occasionally worked as a consultant for NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

Kenneth McCracken was born in Brisbane, Queensland, the only child of Richard McCracken and Elisabeth Menzies (both Scottish emigrants). Kenneth was educated at Morooka Primary, Brisbane (1939), Deepdene Primary, Melbourne (1940–43) and Telopea Park Primary, Canberra (1943–44); his secondary schooling was at Canberra High School (1945–46) and Hobart High School (1946-49).

McCracken then studied at the University of Tasmania where he obtained a Bachelor of Science with Honours (BSc (Hons)) in 1954; and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1959.
From 1961 to 1962 McCracken was Assistant Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; from 1963 to 1965 he was a member of the NASA Space Radiation Protection Committee; from 1966 to 1969, he was a Professor at the University of Adelaide.

McCracken was awarded the Pawsey Medal of the Australian Academy of Science in 1969, the Gold Medal of the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, the Australia Prize (jointly) in 1995 and the Ian William Wark Medal (2001) and Haddon King Medal (2003) of the Australian Academy of Science. He was also made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 1989.

McCracken was the Principal Investigator of an experiment on the Pioneer 7 mission.

His entertaining autobiography biography is "Blast Off", , published by New Holland Publishers in 2008.

External links
Audio interview with Ken McCracken by Richard Fidler at Australian Broadcasting Corporation website

References

Category:1933 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian physicists
Category:University of Tasmania alumni
Category:Officers of the Order of Australia
Category:NASA people
Category:Australia Prize recipients