Emil Rieve

Emil Rieve (June 8, 1892 – January 24, 1975) was an American labor leader. He was president of the Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA) from 1939 to 1956, a vice president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) from 1939 to 1955, and a vice president of the AFL-CIO from 1955 to 1960.

Emil Rieve was born in Poland and moved to Pennsylvania as a child. He left school early and first became a union member at age fifteen, quickly rising within the union hierarchy. He organized his first strike in 1930 in Reading, Pennsylvania. His aggressive drives to unionize the region's textile workers and achieve union recognition led to the Reading Formula of 1933 in negotiating with the National Labor Board, a precedent which resolved large numbers of other labor disputes. Rieve was a major figure in the unsuccessful textile workers strike of 1934. When the Congress of Industrial Organizations formed the following year, Rieve received international recognition for his efforts to avoid a rift with the American Federation of Labor.

In 1937 Rieve pioneered a successful sit-down strike of 50,000 textile workers that resulted in wage increases. He became acting chairman of the Textile Workers Organizing Committee in 1938 and organized the Textile Workers Union of America in 1939. The union was quite strong under Rieve's stewardship and he played a role in the merger of the AFL with the CIO in 1952.

Early life
Rieve was born in Żyrardów County in Congress Poland in 1892 to Fred and Pauline (née Lange) Rieve. The family was Lutheran, and Fred Rieve was a machinist who tended textile machines.

Rieve attended a local elementary school. But the family emigrated to the United States in 1904, interrupting Rieve's education. The Rieves settled in central Pennsylvania, and Emil found work in a hosiery mill.  He married Laura Wosnack in July 1916. They had a son, Harold.

Early union career
In 1907, at the age of 15, Rieve joined the American Federation of Hosiery Workers (AFHW), a semi-autonomous division of the United Textile Workers of America (UTW), an affiliate of the American Federation of Labor. His rise in the union was meteoric: At the age of 22, he was elected a vice president of the AFHW, became the division's president in 1929 at the age of 35, and joined the national UTW executive board in 1934.

Organizing and the Reading Formula
Rieve was committed to organizing new members in the hosiery industry. In November 1930, Rieve authorized a strike among hosiery workers in the mills around Reading, Pennsylvania. The strike collapsed after heavy employer opposition. Rieve then tried a new tactic: The union agreed to a 30 percent wage cut in the expectation that non-union mills would lower their wages below the new union level. This would trigger a massive strike, enabling the AFHW to move in and organize the workers. Roughly 3,000 workers, or about a third of the total number in the industry, struck. Rieve purposefully withheld strike aid to the workers in an attempt to increase the radicalism of the workers and raise the demand for a union. But employers were content to idle plants in the depths of the Great Depression, and the strike lingered for nearly a year. Admitting defeat, Rieve signed a new contract in September 1932.

Just three months later, Rieve led his division in approving yet another large organizing drive. Again aimed at workers in the Reading area, Rieve declared war "against industrial slavery [and] starvation wages". The organizing drive began in the summer of 1933. The employers refused to recognize the union, and 10,000 workers went on strike. On August 10, 1933, the National Labor Board mediated a settlement which established the "Reading formula." The "Reading formula" was a major step forward in the conceptualization of American labor law, for it established the principle of secret-ballot elections as a means of determining union support among workers at a plant.

1934 national textile strike

By 1934, despite Rieve's organizing drive and conditions favorable to union organizing created by the depression, the UTW still had only 80,000 paying members (making it one of the smaller unions in the AFL).

The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 had authorized the establishment of "industry codes" to regulate wages, hours and working conditions in every industry in the United States. But employers not only heavily influenced the writing of the code, they also dominated the board adjudicating alleged violations of the code. The code led to few improvements in the textile industry. For example, when workers won shorter hours, employers made an end-run around the restriction by speeding up work.<ref name="1934strike">Irons, Testing the New Deal: The General Textile Strike of 1934 in the American South, 2000; Salmond, The General Textile Strike of 1934: From Maine to Alabama, 2002.</ref>

Newly elected to the UTW executive board, Rieve was one of several national union leaders who pressed for the union to threaten a nationwide strike in order to win improvements in the NIRA code. The strike was a mere threat, as UTW had no resources to undertake a nationwide strike. Nevertheless, the National Recovery Administration agreed to provide UTW leaders with a voice on the code adjudicatory board. UTW agreed to cancel the strike.

Local UTW leaders, however, refused to call off the strike. Locals in northern Alabama struck on July 18, and the strike swept through the Deep South. UTW was forced to call a special convention on August 13 to address the crisis. The UTW drew up a list of demands, which mill owners ignored. Nevertheless, the strike enjoyed initial success. In many counties, 80 percent of workers walked out. Nationwide, almost 400,000 textile workers left their jobs, an astonishing number in the middle of the depression.

Mill owners and state and local government officials worked together to put down the strike. State and local officials hired hundreds of "special deputies" to guard plants, prevent strikers from closing plants, protect replacement workers from harassment and intimidation, and (in some cases) to beat strikers and break up picket lines. The governors of Connecticut, Maine, North Carolina, Rhode Island and South Carolina ordered out the National Guard. The governors of Georgia and Rhode Island also declared martial law. In Georgia, the governor ordered the arrest of all picketers and held hundreds in a former World War I prisoner of war camp.

Violence also broke out. Three picketers and mill guard were shot to death in Georgia. Six picketers were killed and more than 20 wounded in South Carolina. A picketer was murdered in Rhode Island when National Guardsmen fired into a crowd attempting to storm a rayon knitting mill.

After a mere 22 days, the strike was over. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had established a mediation board in the first week of the strike. The board recommended further study, that workers return to work, and that employers rehire workers without discriminating against strikers. With the UTW able to provide staff, financial resources and strike benefits in only a few places and for a small number of workers, the strike collapsed. Employees attempted to return to work, but mill owners refused to rehire the strikers.  Although the 1934 textile strike was a major defeat for Rieve and the UTW, the union did sign up thousands of new members and declared victory nonetheless.

Other activities
Rieve was also active in politics. In 1932, he led a successful push to get the UTW to call for the establishment of a new political party beholden solely to the labor movement. A socialist, Rieve resigned his membership in the Socialist Party of America and supported the new American Labor Party.

Rieve also was a committed industrial unionist. The UTW itself was an amalgamated union, a form of industrial union. Rieve's experiences in attempting to organize new members had convinced him that industrial unionism was the key to building the labor movement. In 1934, Rieve convinced UTW delegates to approve a resolution supporting industrial unionism. This philosophical commitment would prove to be pivotal in Rieve's life.

Textile Workers Organizing Committee
In 1935, the American labor movement split over the question of craft versus industrial unionism. The Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) formed on November 9, 1935, and UTW president Thomas McMahon was one of the Committee's charter members.Zieger, The CIO 1935-1955, 1995.

Rieve and McMahon refused to surrender their principles. The two leaders secured passage in December 1935 of a UTW executive council resolution supporting the CIO. In July 1936, Rieve and McMahon gained additional support when the UTW convention approved the formation of the CIO and the UTW's membership in the organization. The AFL executive council "tried" the members of the CIO from July 8 to July 15, 1936, and expelled the UTW and the other CIO member unions on September 5.

Rieve, however, continued to hold out an olive branch to the AFL. In September 1936, he won AFHW support for a resolution asking the AFL to reconsider the expulsion of the CIO unions. Rieve was unable to organize many new members. Despite meetings with John Brophy, the CIO's organizing director, the CIO did not consider any major organizing effort in textiles. The UTW's finances were in such poor shape that the union actually cut the number of staff organizers by 20 percent. And despite conditions conducive to organizing, the union established only nine new locals between September 1936 and February 1937. Nevertheless, Rieve became known internationally for his efforts, and was appointed to the national committee of the International Labour Organization.

Collective bargaining
For most of the next three years, Rieve attempted to fend off a series of attacks on the division's collective bargaining agreements. About a third of the UTW's membership came from the hosiery division in early 1937, and Rieve was in many ways the UTW's true leader.  In the spring of 1937, Rieve led 15,000 Pennsylvania hosiery workers out on strike for a new contract. Pioneering use of the sit-down strike, the strikers successfully closed the mills. The strike's success spread until more than 50,000 union workers were on strike. Rieve eventually signed an agreement giving workers wage increases of 8 to 10 percent.

In early 1938, however, Rieve was forced to act against his own union members. The recession of 1937 had led to a significant worsening of economic conditions. Union members in Philadelphia demanded a pay increase. Rieve argued that the union had only managed to stop a wage giveback; there was no possibility of securing a wage increase. Nevertheless, workers at more than 50 hosiery plants in the Philadelphia area struck on March 1, 1938. Rieve declared the strike to be "illegal" and actively supported employer and government efforts to end the job action. When the new union contract was signed in mid-July, Rieve and the AFHW had successfully resisted employer demands to cut wages but were forced to agree to a contract clause barring strikes and lockouts for the term of the three-year agreement.  Rieve rose to national prominence through his astute leadership of the AFHW. After passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in June 1938, Rieve was appointed to a federal committee to determine minimum wages in the textile industry.

Formation and leadership of TWOC
In February 1937, McMahon resigned the presidency of UTW to take a state government job in Rhode Island. He was succeeded by Francis J. Gorman.  Meanwhile, the CIO had achieved sudden and large organizing victories in steel, automobile manufacturing and the rubber industry. The organizing victory in steel had come after the CIO had co-opted the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA), using the long-established but moribund union as a means of legitimizing the CIO's efforts in organizing the steel industry. CIO leaders had forced the AA to become part of a new, centrally-run, and efficient organizing project, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC).

CIO leaders had little confidence in Gorman or the UTW. Gorman had overseen the ill-fated 1934 textile strike. The UTW staff was considered incompetent, and politically behold to McMahon's relatively conservative policies. Rieve coveted the presidency of UTW, and worked to undercut Gorman at every turn—even when that meant disagreeing with actions he himself would otherwise support. Worst of all, UTW was practically bankrupt. Only the hosiery and dyers divisions were self-supporting, and Gorman was actually seeking a $5,000 loan from the CIO to keep the national union afloat.

From a strategic perspective, UTW was ill-equipped to organize in textiles. Although there were more than 1 million workers in the industry, "textiles" was actually more than 10 distinct industries. Each had its own markets, technology, and labor force. Workers rarely moved between segments of the industry, for their skills were not normally transferable. More than 6,000 textile firms existed, almost none of them strategic. The geographic spread of the industry encompassed 29 states, with nearly 75 percent of all textile employment in the virulently anti-union Deep South.

But Sidney Hillman, president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and a CIO vice president, was adamant that the CIO undertake a comprehensive organizing drive in textiles. Now, two years after the victories in steel and automobiles, Hillman pressured CIO leaders to force the UTW into an agreement similar to that which had created SWOC. On May 9, 1937, the Textile Workers Organizing Committee (TWOC) was formed. Hillman was named the chairman, and Thomas Kennedy of the United Mine Workers its secretary-treasurer. The committee's other five members included Gorman and Rieve.

TWOC organized impressive numbers of workers in its first six months. By September 1937, TWOC had organized 215,000 workers, most of them in the Northeast. But the recession of 1937 led to layoffs and sharp drops in TWOC membership. Additionally, Hillman fell critically ill in October 1937. He did not return to the committee's leadership until April 1938, and Rieve (not Thomas) was named the committee's acting chairman. Meanwhile, TWOC opened its organizing drive in the Deep South, but its efforts against the "fortress of southern cotton" proved fruitless. By the spring of 1939, after 18 months of work, TWOC could count only 27,000 Southern members—less than 7 percent of the region's textile workers.

Formation of TWUA
Rieve's tenure as acting chairman saw the beginning of events which would seriously affect the union in the 1950s. The first was Rieve's ejection of the New Bedford Textile Council. The council, a federation of seven textile unions in New Bedford, Massachusetts, had been confronted by an employer demand in January 1938 to cut wages by 12.5 percent. Rather than stay silent and acquiesce in the wage cut, the council formally approved the wage reduction. The action not only angered other New England locals, but undercut TWOC organizing efforts in the region. Determined to uphold the authority of TWOC and concerned that the council's action might spark a revolt by other New England local unions, Rieve revoked the charters of the seven locals.

In late 1938, TWOC also saw a revolt from within. Hillman distrusted Gorman, and clearly favored Rieve as the leader of the union which would emerge once TWOC's organizing drives concluded. Gorman and other disgruntled UTW leaders filed suit against TWOC, claiming that UTW funds had been illegally appropriated by TWOC. A Rhode Island superior court ruled on November 30, 1938, that the TWOC-UTW agreement of March 9 was invalid. Gorman then denounced TWOC and Hillman, and sought to re-affiliate UTW with the AFL. On December 28, 1938, Gorman led a convention of 21 delegates in voting for affiliation with the AFL. The AFL executive council approve the affiliation on February 3, 1939.Gorman was denied the presidency of the reaffiliated union, because AFL president William Green told him he must be penalized for agreeing to lead the union out of the AFL in the first place.

Hillman and the TWOC leadership branded Gorman a traitor and replaced him with George Baldanzi, president of the UTW's dyers division.

Realizing that the March 9 agreement might not survive court scrutiny, Hillman, Rieve and Baldanzi called a convention of UTW and TWOC locals for May 15, 1939. The convention voted to merge the two organizations into a new union, the Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA). Rieve was elected president, and Baldanzi vice president. Both elections were unanimous.

TWUA presidency
Emil Rieve's tenure as president of the TWUA saw the union's prestige and importance soar during World War II and falter in the 1950s. The union's decline in the 1960s finally led Rieve to retire. Rieve was elected a vice president of the CIO in 1939 after his election as TWUA president.

In 1940, Rieve established a Southern organizing committee and pushed the union deeper into politics. With himself as the head of the organizing project, the union organized Marshall Field's, Lane Cotton and the Erwin Cotton Mills—the latter the first of the "big four" North Carolina cotton mills to be organized. Rieve also kept the union politically active, making the TWUA one of the first labor organizations to endorse Franklin D. Roosevelt for president for reelection in 1940.

But in May 1941, the New Bedford Textile Council affiliated with the AFL's UTW, providing the rump union with a significant boost. Soon the UTW had defeated the TWUA in elections in Massachusetts and Tennessee, and was beginning to challenge the TWUA in the Northeast.

In March 1941, President Roosevelt created the National Defense Mediation Board, and appointed Rieve as an alternative labor representative. The board had been created to help resolve collective bargaining disputes in defense production, transportation and raw materials industries. The United Mine Workers were fighting for the closed shop when the board's public and employer representatives voted that the issue should be submitted to binding arbitration. Angry that the board would not order the mine owners to submit to the closed shop, Rieve and the other CIO members of the board resigned.  After the attack on Pearl Harbor, however, the president established the War Labor Board on January 12, 1942, to arbitrate labor disputes and wage settlements. Rieve was appointed as an alternate to the board and served throughout the war. But Rieve and other labor representatives left the body in early 1945 after the public and employer members of the board refused to approve sizeable post-war wage increases for union members. Rieve released the TWUA from its wartime no-strike pledge shortly thereafter.

Although Rieve had purged his union of communists in the mid-1930s, he found himself accused of communist dictatorship in 1944. American Labor Party (ALP) leader Sidney Hillman felt that the 1944 presidential election would be a close one in New York state. Hillman proposed that communists be permitted to play a role in the party, hoping to tip the state toward Roosevelt. ALP leader David Dubinsky felt the communists should be expelled from the ALP. Rieve supported Hillman. Rieve was labeled a communist, and Samuel Baron (the general manager of the TWUA) resigned in protest from the union. Nevertheless, Hillman's proposal won the approval of ALP delegates, and Roosevelt easily carried New York in the general election.

In 1945, Rieve was a member of a CIO delegation to the Soviet Union. He was an ardent anti-communist, however, and strongly criticized the Soviet Union afterward. Two years later, Rieve became one of the first CIO leaders to sign the non-communist oath required by the Taft-Hartley Act.

Secession movement
In 1948, Rieve expelled his old division, the American Federation of Hosiery Workers, from the TWUA. The division, which had 20,000 members, was a major backer of TWUA executive vice-president George Baldanzi. Baldanzi was strongly critical of Rieve's leadership of the union, and argued that Rieve was not doing enough to organize new members or win contract improvements. When the Hosiery Workers withheld dues in protest of the Rieve administration's policies, Rieve pulled the division's charter.

The tension between Rieve and Baldanzi worsened over the next two years. In May 1950, Rieve attempted to unseat Baldanzi as executive vice-president. Baldanzi, however, beat back the attempt and retained his seat. Rieve then tried to amend the TWUA constitution to remove the executive vice-president from the line of succession if the president should fall ill or die. This attempt, too, was defeated.

Rieve fired Samuel Baron, a Baldanzi supporter and the regional director of the TWUA in Canada, in March 1951. Baron retained his elected position as a TWUA vice president, however. For the next four months, the TWUA was roiled by the firing, with the Baldanzi faction attempting to overturn Baron's dismissal and drive Rieve from office. In early June, the TWUA executive council upheld Rieve's action, albeit by a slim majority. Six weeks later, the Baldanzi faction announced a "democracy movement" within the TWUA and submitted a full slate of candidates to challenge Rieve for leadership of the union.

In August 1951, the AFHWA re-affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.  On April 30, 1952, TWUA delegates re-elected Rieve as president of the union. The vote was 1,223 to 720, although most observers claimed this was a startlingly close election given Rieve's near-total control over the union. The convention was a contentious one. Delegates engaged in heated debate, with many exchanges devolving into shouting matches. Rieve was forced to alter a number of his policy decisions in order to win delegate support. On the last day of the convention, Rieve fulfilled one such pledge by announcing that he was resigning from the Wage Stabilization Board in the midst of a major dispute over steelworker wages in order to devote more time to union business and less to government and other duties.

Baldanzi, no longer an office-holder in the TWUA, announced he had been hired as an organizer with the American Federation of Labor and would be working with the TWUA's arch-rival, the United Textile Workers. He called for disaffected TWUA locals to follow him into the AFL. A number of local TWUA union presidents and leaders followed him into the UTW as organizers.

Over the next several months, nearly 40 TWUA locals representing 20,000 members—about 2 percent of the union's membership—attempted to disaffiliate from the national union and join the AFL. The secession movement was a national one, involving locals in Canada, Maine, the Carolinas and mid-Atlantic states. Rieve accused Baldanzi and the dissident locals of dual unionism. Rieve induced CIO president Philip Murray to threaten wholesale raiding of AFL unions if the UTW accepted the breakaway locals into that union. Rieve suspended local officials, trusteed local unions, impounded local union funds and padlocked local union offices, and sent national staff into wavering locals to shore up support for the TWUA. By August, more than 50,000 TWUA members had left the union for the UTW. But Rieve's actions blunted the secession movement. High-level talks between AFL and CIO leaders eventually put a stop to the raids.

The crisis severely weakened Rieve's political position within the union, and led to collective bargaining difficulties. Membership losses were particularly high in the South and Canada. Although most of Rieve's political opponents had left the TWUA for the UTW, the secession movement led many of the remaining members to question Rieve's leadership of the union. The union's finances were significant affected by the disaffiliations, forcing members to raise dues to cover a budget shortfall. Rieve claimed that only 12,500 members had disaffiliated, but admitted that the union's membership had fallen by 400,000 as it defended itself from raids rather than organized new members.

The secession movement in the TWUA in 1952 aided in the merger between the AFL and CIO in 1955. Both Philip Murray and William Green had died in November 1952. The sudden outbreak of raiding deeply alarmed their successors, Walter Reuther and George Meany. The dissension within the TWUA led to a series of "no-raid" pacts between the AFL and CIO, agreements which helped pave the way for eventual merger of the two labor federations. Rieve played an important role in the AFL-CIO merger talks, pushing for merger as a solution to raiding and serving on various merger committees.

Other activities
After the merger of the AFL and CIO, Rieve was elected a vice president of the merged labor federation.  As Rieve's position within the TWUA deteriorated, however, he became nationally-known for a pushing a variety of causes. He stridently attacked the Taft-Hartley Act, and declared that the law had permitted Southern textile executives to engage in a "widespread conspiracy" to destroy the union's Southern locals. He was a vocal and extremely critical opponent of President Dwight Eisenhower, and acted as the AFL-CIO's point man against the president while Meany and other leaders muted their criticism. Despite public disavowals of his extreme attacks on the administration, AFL-CIO leaders privately supported his actions and in 1955 he was named to an AFL-CIO committee on economic policy.Stetson, "President Scored by Textile Union," New York Times, May 3, 1954; "Democrats Told Not to Ape G.O.P.," New York Times, May 15, 1956; "A.F.L.-C.I.O Unit Named," New York Times, December 30, 1955.

Rieve continued to play a role in international affairs as well. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev visited the U.S. for 13 days in September 1959, Rieve was a member of an AFL-CIO delegation which met with Khrushchev for three and a half hours in a closed-door session. He excoriated Soviet labor union officials for being puppets of the Communist regime and attacked Khrushchev as a dictator and war-monger.Raskin, "Premier and Labor Men Find Views Poles Apart," New York Times, September 21, 1959.

Retirement and death
Faced with rapidly declining membership, the 63-year-old Rieve retired as TWUA president at the union's ninth biennial convention in 1956. However, he continued to serve on the union's executive board as chairman until 1960. He was named "president emeritus" and given a lifetime annuity of $15,000 a year.

Rieve was forced to retire from the TWUA executive board in 1964. During a speech at the union's biennial convention, Rieve blasted the union's leadership for allowing the membership to fall to a mere 127,000 and for failing to organize non-union plants. Rieve retired as a vice president of the AFL-CIO after losing his TWUA office. Although Rieve had pushed for his successor, William Pollock, to be elected to the AFL-CIO executive council, Reuther supported Ralph Helstein, the president of the United Packinghouse, Food and Allied Workers.Jones, "A.F.L.-C.I.O. Selects Meany's Council Choices," New York Times, December 15, 1965.

After his forced retirement, Rieve retired to Florida, where he lived quietly. Emil Rieve died of heart failure at his home in Lauderhill, Florida, on January 24, 1975.

Notes

References
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Category:Leaders of American trade unions
Category:1892 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:Polish emigrants to the United States
Category:American Lutherans
Category:Congress of Industrial Organizations people
Category:UNITE HERE
Category:Textile workers


Kate Annette Wetherill Estate

Kate Annette Wetherill Estate is a national historic district located at Head of the Harbor in Suffolk County, New York.  The district encompasses an estate with three contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and two contributing structures.  The estate house was designed by Stanford White in 1895 in the Colonial Revival style  The main block of the house is two stories with a full attic formed of facade gables corresponding to an octagonal form.  A large -story, gable-roofed service wing projects to the east.  Also on the property is a pump house, rose garden, stone entrance piers with iron gate, carriage barn, and superintendent's cottage.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

References

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Category:Colonial Revival architecture in New York (state)
Category:Carriage houses in the United States
Category:Houses in Suffolk County, New York
Category:Stanford White buildings
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York


Charaxes tiridates

Charaxes tiridates, the common blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola and Zambia. The habitat consists of lowland evergreen forests and dense savanna.

The larvae feed on Phialodiscus unijugatus, Hugonia platysepala, Hugonia castaneifolia, Bombax reflexum, Chaetacme aristata, Celtis africana, Celtis durandi, Grewia tricocarpa, Grewia mollis, Afzelia africana, Flacourtia indica, Indigofera macrophylla, Osyris lanceolata, Blighia unijugata, Grewia forbesi, Bombax buonopozense, Albizia, Berlinia, Lonchocarpus, Hibiscus (including Hibiscus calyphyllus), Trema, Cassia, Dalbergia, Macrolobium, Millettia and Pterocarpus species.

Description
Male upperside forewings have a black ground colour glossed blue. There is a discal arc of five or so spots and a postdiscal sinuous line of eight to ten spots. These spots are light blue and slightly metallic. The margin has pale amorphous lunules. The hindwing has two postdiscal rows of the light blue spots, the second close to the margin which has pale more lineate lunules. There are two short tails.

The female upperside has light brown basal areas, more extensive on the hindwing. There is a discal band of white marks just inside the much darker distal part of the forewing and two apical white spots. On the hindwing the dark area is narrow has seven or so light blue and slightly metallic spots with some white scales. There are pale marginal lunules and one long and one short tail.

The underside wings are variously light brown with black pattern lines and in the female only a white discal band.

A full description is given by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan, 1900 Novitates Zoologicae Volume 7:287-524.  page 354 for terms see Volume 5:545-601

Taxonomy
Charaxes tiridates group.

The supposed clade members are:

Charaxes tiridates
Charaxes numenes - similar to next
Charaxes bipunctatus - similar to last
Charaxes violetta
Charaxes fuscus
Charaxes mixtus
Charaxes bubastis
Charaxes albimaculatus
Charaxes barnsi
Charaxes bohemani
Charaxes schoutedeni
Charaxes monteiri
Charaxes smaragdalis
Charaxes xiphares
Charaxes cithaeron
Charaxes nandina
Charaxes imperialis
Charaxes ameliae
Charaxes pythodoris
? Charaxes overlaeti
For a full list see Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013.

Subspecies
Charaxes tiridates tiridates (eastern Senegal, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, western Nigeria)
Charaxes tiridates choveti Turlin, 1998 (Bioko)
Charaxes tiridates marginatus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 (western and south-western Ethiopia)
Charaxes tiridates tiridatinus Röber, 1936 (Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania, Angola, northern Zambia)

References

Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1972 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VIII. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 215-264.
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31

External links
Images of C. tiridates tiridates Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. tiridates tiridatinus (Albertine Rift Project)
Charaxes tiridates images at BOLD
Charaxes tiridates tiridates images at BOLD
Charaxes tiridates marginatus images at BOLD
Charaxes tiridates tiridatinus images at BOLD

Category:Butterflies described in 1777
tiridates
Category:Fauna of Rivers State


FMK 9C1

The 9C1 is a semi-automatic pistol made by FMK Firearms, using polymer material for the frame. It incorporates a double-action-only firing mechanism. The current and only model is chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum.

Some of the 2nd generation of the pistol have the bill of rights engraved on the slide. The 9C1 pistol is made in California and is approved for sale in California. It also features a loaded chamber indicator and a trigger safety. Additionally, the gun will not fire when the magazine is released. This handgun is not designed to use +P ammunition or low quality reloaded ammunition.

This pistol is comparable to the HK USP, Glock 19, and Walther P99

References

Category:9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
Category:Semi-automatic pistols of the United States


Castleford High School

Castleford High School is a high school in Castleford, Idaho.

School history
Castleford High School was founded in 1947. Citizens passed a bond in 1949 to construct the high school building and a supplemental bond in 1951 to complete construction. Formal dedication of the original high school, located on Main Street, occurred in February 1952.

In 1960 the Board of Education consisted of George Blick, Art Reese, Minnie Kinyon, Clinton Quigely, B. P. Johnson and Howard Barns. Floyd E. Bowers was the high school principal and the faculty members were Mrs. Hesseholt, Mr. Waite, Mrs. Haley, Mr. Heidel, Mr. Jackson, Mr. Marrs, Mr. Williamson and Mr. Thomas.

References

Category:Public high schools in Idaho
Category:Educational institutions established in 1947
Category:Schools in Twin Falls County, Idaho
Category:1947 establishments in Idaho
Category:School buildings completed in 1952


Allister Hogg

Allister Hogg (born 20 January 1983 in Stirling, Scotland) is a Scottish rugby union footballer who plays at either flanker or number eight formerly for Scotland and is currently vice-captain for Newcastle Falcons.

Early life
He attended Stirling High School, Hogg has also played basketball for Scotland at under-16 level. He graduated from Telford College in Edinburgh with an HND in Sports Coaching & Sports Development.

Club career
Hogg signed his first pro contract with for Edinburgh Rugby in 2002 and went on to establish himself as a first team regular as well as an onfield leader of the team. Hogg was named Edinburgh's first team captain in the summer of 2007 (alongside Simon Cross) following major restructuring of the club and a time that several large name players left. He became a talismanic player for the club during the upheaval and played every game in his final season at the club when he departed for Newcastle Falcons in 2010.

He played for Watsonian RFC in the 92nd Langholm Sevens competition. Despite being tipped to win the tournament and being 2009–10 'Kings of Sevens', Watsonians were beaten by a young Edinburgh University side.

Despite their relegation from the Aviva Premiership Hogg signed a new contract with the club in May 2012.

In the 2014–15 season, along with Mike Blair, Hogg became assistant coach of Ponteland Rugby Club.

International career
Hogg made his debut against Wales at Cardiff in 2004, a match Scotland lost 23–10, aged 21. He has established himself as one of Scotland's best players. His pace, strength, skill, and work ethic have already gone some way to gaining him international recognition. All Blacks open-side flanker Richie McCaw rated him as one of the best back rows in the game, shortly after he missed being selected for the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour of New Zealand.

Hogg's pace, power and work-ethic endeared him to Scottish fans and also led to him becoming one of the most reliable players in a setup that was all too often teetering on the edge.

Hogg immediately cemented a spot in the Scotland setup following his debut. Often playing at openside to accommodate Simon Taylor, he was known for his support play that lead to many of his tries for the national team. Hogg was selected for Scotland's 2007 Rugby World Cup squad, whilst becoming the first Scotland forward in 20-years to score a hat-trick of tries in one match, when he plundered a treble during the 42–0 World Cup win over Romania in September 2007.

Hogg continued to have an influence as Scotland improved throughout 2008, playing in both Tests as they registered a series draw in Argentina before packing down against the All Blacks and South Africa at Murrayfield during the autumn internationals.

In January 2009 Hogg was called into Scotland coach Frank Hadden's squad for the 2009 Six Nations. His latest cap came during the 6 Nations Championship against match Wales on Feb 8, 2009. A particularly disastrous match for Scotland that they lost 13–26 where many of the players failed to perform including Hogg who had been moved to blindside due to a reshuffle of the pack caused by injury to Nathan Hines.

This combined with competition from new players such as Alasdair Strokosch and John Barclay lead to Hogg being dropped from the team and playing no further part in the campaign.

Despite a change of national coach Hogg was not recalled by Andy Robinson for Scotland duty, despite being a player that he had consistently turned to whilst in charge at Edinburgh.

In Sept 2012, Newcastle coach Dean Richards, petitioned for Hogg's return to the national fold following several outstanding performances at the start of the season, including a hat-trick of tries against London Scottish.

References

External links
 Edinburgh Rugby website
 Scotland profile

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:People educated at Stirling High School
Category:Scottish rugby union players
Category:Scotland international rugby union players
Category:Sportspeople from Stirling
Category:Edinburgh Rugby players
Category:Stirling County RFC players
Category:Male rugby sevens players
Category:Rugby union flankers
Category:Rugby union number eights


Morganna

Morganna Roberts (born July 4, 1954) is an entertainer who became known as Morganna or Morganna, the Kissing Bandit in baseball and other sports from 1970 through the 1990s. She was also billed as "Morganna the Wild One" when appearing as a dancer in the 1980s.

Morganna famously rushed the field on many occasions and kissed Major League Baseball players including Nolan Ryan, Pete Rose, Johnny Bench, George Brett (twice), Steve Garvey, and Cal Ripken, Jr. She has been described as "baseball's unofficial mascot" and "the grand dame of baseball". She also crashed National Basketball Association games, where Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was one of her most notable victims.

Early life
Morganna Roberts was born in Louisville, Kentucky. She was a baseball fan from a young age, as her grandfather took her to see the Louisville team. She grew up in a poor family; her mother Jane disowned Morganna as a baby, which led to her grandmother Virginia's taking care of Morganna for six years. Morganna was then sent to Mount Mercy Catholic Boarding School just outside Louisville. She initially wanted to be a nun but ran away from the school at age 13, hitchhiking with a friend to Baltimore, where she begged shop owners for a job while living on the street and eating out of garbage cans. She was unable to find work because she was too young to get a work permit.

Pre-baseball career
After a month, Morganna came across an ad in the window of the Flamingo Club for a "Cigarette Girl or Camera Girl. Must be 18". She told the owner she was 18, and he quickly decided she would be better employed as an exotic dancer. Morgana had no idea what that was but said yes, thinking "it had something to do with a camel and veils". Her first appearance on stage did not go well; she could not walk in her high heels, and as she danced, the men in the audience kept shouting "Take it off". Thinking they were referring to her, she burst into tears and had to be led off the stage by the manager. After watching some of the other performers, however, she soon got the hang of it and was a well-established and successful exotic dancer by the time she was 17. Her act combined stripping with comedy, wearing two 10 gallon cowboy hats on her chest and impersonating the film critic Gene Shalit. She avoided singing, however, as "when I sing, people think the place is being raided."

She attracted particular attention for what the writer Hank Davis describes as "her ample physical development. Simply put, the woman makes Dolly Parton look developmentally delayed". She gave her measurements as , which she referred to as her "baseball stats". She frequently quipped that Parton was "flat-chested" compared to her. Morganna's famously well-endowed physique began developing when she was only nine and, according to her, by the time she was 12 she could pass for 18. She had to wear I cup bras, costing $50 each and custom-made by a firm in Columbus, Ohio: "People ask me where I get my bras and I always tell them the same people who make my bras made the domes for all the stadiums." She also had to spend $45 a month on aerobics classes to help strengthen her back to take the weight of what she called her "stage props." Nonetheless, she insisted: "I'm not a sex symbol. I'm a comedienne. I make folks smile. I make them laugh - and that makes my day. What are we here for, if not that?"

Baseball career
Her on-field career began in August, 1969 when she rushed onto the field at Crosley Field, Cincinnati and kissed Reds player Pete Rose. She was prompted by a friend who "dirty-double-dared me to do it. Where I'm from, you don't turn down a dirty-double-dare... at least, not when you're a teenager." Rose reacted with "terrible language" but the next night he tracked her down "to the local nightspot where I was appearing and apologized with a bunch of roses." She obtained the nickname "the Kissing Bandit" from a Cincinnati sportswriter who announced her arrival with the headline: "Bandit steals kiss from Pete Rose."

Over the following years, Morganna became a familiar sight at baseball fields, basketball courts, and hockey rinks. By 1990, she had kissed 37 Major League Baseball players, 12 National Basketball Association players, and dozens of minor league baseball, basketball, and hockey players, plus various umpires, managers, and owners, and, on one occasion, The San Diego Chicken. She confined herself to kissing them on the cheek, commenting: "It's more sanitary than the lips, and that way their wives don't get upset. Besides, who wants tobacco stains all over your teeth?" On one occasion, one of her "victims" got his own back. Three weeks after Morganna had kissed George Brett, as he prepared to bat against the Baltimore Orioles, Brett marched onto the stage during Morganna's performance and, to the cheers of the crowd, gave her a kiss of her own. Few players seemed to mind being kissed by her; Kelly Tripucka of the Detroit Pistons famously commented, "It was like hugging a mattress. When I saw her coming at me, I thought it was like a Mack truck. I had two options – either get hit or get out of the way. I decided to get hit."

Her pastime was not without its hazards, however; she was beaten by security guards in Cincinnati, suffered various injuries jumping from stands onto playing fields, and was hit by a pitch in Milwaukee. She was arrested and charged with trespassing nearly 20 times and was jailed briefly in Anaheim, California. She also stood trial in Houston, Texas, where her lawyer used what he called the "gravity defense" to explain her unauthorized presence on the field, arguing: "This woman with a  body and  chest leaned over the rail to see a foul ball. Gravity took its toll, she fell out on the field, and the rest is history." The judge laughed and dismissed the case. Despite the arrests and fines, her fame earned Morganna millions of dollars.

Morganna's involvement with baseball extended to being the star of her own set of bubblegum cards and becoming the part-owner of a minor league club, the Utica Blue Sox. On one occasion she gave them a pep talk when they were 15-7 down and in last place; they went on to win 40 of the next 54 games. She endorsed the "Morganna Kissing Bandit peanuts" brand from Carolina Fine Snacks, which expected a doubling of its sales as a result. She even got featured in a display at the Baseball Hall of Fame, where a picture of her attempting to kiss Frank Howard was put on display. Her popularity with baseball fans grew to the point that minor-league clubs began inviting her to kiss their players as a way of drumming up publicity. The Boise Hawks went further, getting her to enter the field by bungee jumping from a crane, then persuading CNN to feature her jump as its "play of the day". Her appearances proved to be extremely popular, consistently doubling average attendances.

Post-baseball career
Off the field, Morganna worked as an entertainer, doing comedy and dancing. She worked regularly as an exotic dancer in Houston, Las Vegas, and Oklahoma City, sometimes earning as much as $7,000 to $10,000 a week. She was occasionally hired to publicize events, making personal appearances and giving speeches at places such as car shows and trade conventions. She also dabbled with television, appearing on Johnny Carson and David Letterman's late-night talk shows and occasionally hosting Good Morning, Columbus, a local TV talk show. Morganna appeared as the mystery guest in a 1978 episode of the game show, To Tell the Truth.

She appeared in Playboy magazine, in the June 1983, April 1985, and September 1989 issues. During the 1990s, she occasionally kissed minor league players. Her last notable appearance before retirement was in the Farrelly brothers' feature film Kingpin (1996), in which she appeared as herself.

She is the subject of the E:60 biopic documentary, Morganna: The Kissing Bandit, directed by Emmy-winning producer Martin Khodabakhshian, which aired September 26, 2014 on ESPN.

She appeared in an obscure ChoiceMark Corp. VHS tape named "Sports Blooper Mania" in 1989, where she hosted/presented many sports bloopers that had been captured on film; and during the tape, an ongoing storyline developed where the viewer had to keep watching to find out who she would kiss next, as she claimed she was planning to kiss someone at an ongoing ball game, as she is famous for. Morganna ended up kissing Charles Barkley, who, at the time, played for the Philadelphia 76ers. As part of the plotline, she interrupted the game, kissed Barkley, and got arrested afterward.

Personal life
At age 22, Morganna married Bill Cottrell, an accountant from Columbus, Ohio. The two met at a World Series game where he offered to help her with her taxes. Six months later, they got engaged; Morganna joked, "This man is saving you money. Better marry him!"

She has a son, Nick.

Retirement
Morganna retired at the end of 1999 and now lives in Ohio. She no longer grants interviews, but made an exception for the 50th anniversary by giving a phone interview with USA TODAY, stating that there would not be a comeback tour.

References

Further reading

  Updated November 3, 2014.

External links

Category:American female erotic dancers
Category:American erotic dancers
Category:Living people
Category:Baseball spectators
Category:1954 births
Category:Television personalities from Louisville, Kentucky
Category:Actresses from Columbus, Ohio
Category:American film actresses
Category:Kentucky women television personalities
Category:Actresses from Kentucky


Last Mango in Paris

Last Mango in Paris is the fourteenth studio album by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett.  It was released in June 1985 as MCA 5600 and was produced by Buffett and noted country music producer Tony Brown.  The album represented continuation of Buffett's shift toward a more country sound begun with 1984's Riddles in the Sand.  The title of the album is a play on the title of the 1972 movie Last Tango in Paris.

Songs
The album contains no song written solely by Buffett; he co-wrote most of the songs with Will Jennings, Marshall Chapman, and/or Michael Utley.  He recorded one song, "Frank and Lola," which he had written with Steve Goodman who died in 1984.  Buffett dedicated the album to Goodman and this would be the last Goodman song Buffett would record .  "Desperation Samba (Halloween in Tijuana)" features the sound of a whip cracking performed by actor Harrison Ford, a reminder of Ford's use of the whip in the Indiana Jones movies.   Buffett recorded a live version the song for his 2003 greatest hits collection Meet Me in Margaritaville: The Ultimate Collection, along with the title song and concert staple "Jolly Mon Sing".  The song "Last Mango in Paris" was written about Captain Tony Tarracino, a well-known Key West, Florida saloon keeper, and live versions of the song appear on Live by the Bay and Feeding Frenzy. Singer Glenn Frey makes a vocal cameo at the end of the song he co-wrote with Buffett, "Gypsies in the Palace". This song also appears on the album "Live at Fenway Park".

Chart performance
Last Mango in Paris reached #53 on the Billboard 200 album chart and #7 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.  The song "If the Phone Doesn't Ring, It's Me" hit #16 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and #37 Adult Contemporary and "Please Bypass this Heart" hit #50 Country.

Critical reception

Reviewer Johnny Loftus of Allmusic argues that, "''Last Mango in Paris host of high points make it essential for anyone enamored of Buffett's live shows, or even the casual fan looking to expand beyond Songs You Know by Heart."  Although none of the album's songs are part of "The Big 8" that Buffett has played at almost all of his concerts, "Last Mango in Paris," "Gypsies in the Palace," and "Jolly Mon Sing" were played at many concerts in the 1980s and 1990s and are featured on the Live by the Bay concert video and the Feeding Frenzy live album.

Track listing
Side 1:
"Everybody's on the Run" (Jimmy Buffett, Marshall Chapman, Will Jennings, Michael Utley) – 3:26
"Frank and Lola" (Jimmy Buffett, Steve Goodman) – 3:16
"The Perfect Partner" (Marshall Chapman) – 3:05
"Please Bypass This Heart" (Jimmy Buffett, Will Jennings, Michael Utley) – 3:18
"Gypsies in the Palace" (Jimmy Buffett, Glenn Frey, Will Jennings) – 5:07

Side 2:
"Desperation Samba (Halloween in Tijuana)" (Jimmy Buffett, Will Jennings, Timothy B. Schmit) – 3:31
"If the Phone Doesn't Ring, It's Me" (Jimmy Buffett, Will Jennings, Michael Utley) – 3:25
"Last Mango in Paris" (Jimmy Buffett, Marshall Chapman, Will Jennings, Michael Utley) – 3:14
"Jolly Mon Sing" (Jimmy Buffett, Will Jennings, Michael Utley) – 3:15
"Beyond the End" (Jimmy Buffett, Marshall Chapman, Will Jennings) – 4:47

PersonnelThe Coral Reefer Band''':
Jimmy Buffett - vocals, guitar
Matt Betton - drums
Josh Leo - guitar
Robert Greenidge - steel drums, percussion
Vince Melamed - keyboards
Greg "Fingers" Taylor - harmonica
Mike Utley - keyboards
Sam Clayton - congas, percussion, background vocals
Larry Byrom - electric guitar
Glenn Frey - guitar, background vocals
Emory Gordy, Jr. - bass, electric bass
John Barlow Jarvis - keyboards
Mark O'Connor - violin
Reggie Young - electric guitar
Roy Orbison - background vocals on "Beyond The End"
Marshall Chapman, Larry Lee, Wendy Waldman, John Edwards, Timothy B. Schmit, Pam Tillis, Frank "Birdie" Saulino, Jim "Val" Valentini, Harry Stinson - background vocals
 Harrison Ford - bullwhip on "Desperation Samba"

Singles

"Gypsies In The Palace" b/w "Jolly Mon Sing" (Released on MCA 52607 in June 1985)
"If The Phone Doesn't Ring, It's Me" b/w "Frank And Lola" (Released on MCA 52664 in August 1985)
"Please Bypass This Heart" b/w "Beyond The End" (Released on MCA 52752 in January 1986)

Notes

Category:Jimmy Buffett albums
Category:1985 albums
Category:Albums produced by Tony Brown (record producer)
Category:MCA Records albums


Carlita Bay

Carlita Bay is a small bay in the west side of Cumberland West Bay, South Georgia, just west of Islet Point. The feature was earlier named Horseshoe Bay, probably during the survey of Cumberland West Bay by HMS Dartmouth in 1920, but this name was later accepted for a bay close south of Cape George, less than  away. A new name, proposed by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1957, has been substituted for the feature now described.

Carlita Bay is named after the Carlita (or Little Carla), a whale catcher built in 1907 and owned by the Compañía Argentina de Pesca, who used it for sealing and for general transport work.

References

Category:Bays of South Georgia


2013 attack on Pakistan Embassy in New Delhi

REDIRECT High Commission of Pakistan, New Delhi

Category:2013 in India
Category:India–Pakistan relations
Category:Attacks on diplomatic missions of Pakistan
Category:Manmohan Singh administration
Category:Attacks on diplomatic missions in India
Category:2010s in Delhi


Kokići

Kokići is a village in the municipality of Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

References

Category:Populated places in Jajce


Locketina

Locketina is a genus of Southeast Asian dwarf spiders that was first described by A. O. Kocak & M. Kemal in 2006.  it contains only three species, found in Indonesia and Malaysia: L. fissivulva, L. pusilla, and L. versa.

See also
 List of Linyphiidae species (I–P)

References

Category:Araneomorphae genera
Category:Linyphiidae
Category:Spiders described in 2006
Category:Spiders of Asia


Davide Luppi

Davide Luppi (born 19 July 1990) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie B club Cittadella as a midfielder or forward.

Career
Born in Trescore Balneario, Lombardy, Luppi started his career at Emilian club Bologna. Luppi was a member of Bologna U17 team for 2006–07 national student league (Allievi).

Sassuolo
After a season for Bologna reserve in national "spring" reserve league, in August 2008 he left for Sassuolo along with Lorenzo Simonini. In July 2009 Luppi signed his first fully professional contract with Sassuolo and left for Manfredonia in co-ownership deal. Sassuolo also farmed Luppi to Viareggio also in co-ownership deal in July 2010, for a peppercorn of €500. In June 2011 Sassuolo bought back Luppi again for €10,000 and re-signed a 2-year deal.

On 17 August 2011 Luppi was loaned to Portogruaro with option to buy.

Corregesse & Modena

In summer 2014 Luppi was signed by Modena. He was assigned number 10 shirt. On 2 February 2015 Luppi left for Pro Vercelli on a temporary deal.

Verona
On 7 July 2016 Luppi was signed by Verona.

Entella
On 8 August 2017 Luppi joined Virtus Entella on a temporary deal, with an obligation to buy at the end of season.

Viterbese
On 1 February 2019 he moved to Viterbese.

Cittadella
On 20 August 2019, he signed with Cittadella.

References

External links
 AIC Profile (data by football.it)

Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Bologna F.C. 1909 players
Category:U.S. Sassuolo Calcio players
Category:Manfredonia Calcio players
Category:F.C. Esperia Viareggio players
Category:A.S.D. Portogruaro players
Category:Modena F.C. players
Category:F.C. Pro Vercelli 1892 players
Category:Hellas Verona F.C. players
Category:Virtus Entella players
Category:A.S. Viterbese Castrense players
Category:A.S. Cittadella players
Category:Serie B players
Category:Serie C players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:People from the Province of Bergamo
Category:Sportspeople from Lombardy


Chuttalunnaru Jagratha

Chuttalunnaru Jagratha () is a 1982 Indian Telugu-language masala film directed by B. V. Prasad. The film stars Krishna and Sridevi. It revolves around a man who was framed for murder, and a lookalike who aids him in finding the true killers. The film was released on 8 August 1980 and became a commercial success. It was remade in Tamil as Pokkiri Raja (1982) and Hindi as Mawaali (1983), with Sridevi returning for both.

Plot
An industrialist's daughter and the manager of the industrialist's factory fall in love, despite initial conflicts. The industrialist's greedy relative wants his son to marry the girl, lusting for her wealth. Father and son murder the industrialist, and the factory manager is wrongfully convicted. In prison, he meets a lookalike and they plan to bring the real killers to justice.

Cast
 Krishna in a dual role
 Sridevi

Production
Chuttalunnaru Jagratha was directed by B. V. Prasad and produced by Alaparthi Suryanarayana under Amrutha Films. The story and screenplay were written by Mannava Balayya, and the dialogues by D. V. Narasaraju. Cinematography was handled by S. S. Lal, and editing by S. P. S. Veerappa.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by M. S. Viswanathan.

Release and reception
Chuttalunnaru Jagratha was released on 8 August 1980 and became a commercial success. The film was remade in Tamil as Pokkiri Raja (1982) and Hindi as Mawaali (1983), with Sridevi returning for both.

References

External links

Category:1980s Telugu-language films
Category:Films about miscarriage of justice
Category:Indian films
Category:Masala films
Category:Telugu films remade in other languages
Category:Telugu films scored by M. S. Viswanathan


Cardeñadijo

Cardeñadijo is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 668 inhabitants.

Category:Municipalities in the Province of Burgos
Category:Populated places in the Province of Burgos


Richard Battle

Lt. Col. Richard John Vulliamy Battle MBE, FRCS, LRCP, MCh Cantab, MA Cantab, BA Cantab, 1970 Gillies Gold Medal. (21 January 1907 – 26 May 1982) was an English plastic surgeon.

Early life
The son of William Henry Battle and Anna Marguerite (née Vulliamy), Battle was educated at Gresham's School, Norfolk, and Trinity College, Cambridge. His father's family (Battle) were farmers in Lincolnshire.

Career
Following service as a military plastic surgeon during the Second World War for which he was awarded the MBE, Battle was appointed as Consultant Plastic Surgeon to St Thomas Hospital, London, the Westminster Hospital, London, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital(Hackney), London, which he served until his retirement from the NHS in 1972. He also had a small private practice in London. He was Honorary Consultant in Plastic Surgery to the British Army from 1955 to 1971 and President of the British Association of Plastic Surgeons for 1952 and again for 1967.

Military service
Before 1939, he was a member of the Territorial Army and served the War of 1939-1945 in the RAMC. France, 1939–40, Italy, 1943-46. Commanded No. 1 Maxillo Facial Unit and 98 General Hospital. Promoted Major, 1940, and Lieutenant-Colonel, 1945.

Publications
Plastic Surgery (1964)
Many contributions on plastic surgery to scientific periodicals

Professional qualifications
1928: Bachelor of Arts (Cantab.)
1931: MRCS and LRCP
1935: MCh (Cantab.)
1933: FRCS
1935: MA (Cantab.)

Honours
1945: Member of the Order of the British Empire
1970: Gillies Gold Medal

Family
Battle's father was a surgeon, who came from land owning stock in Lincolnshire. His grandfather was a chemist in Lincoln and served as Mayor of Lincoln. In 1941, Battle married Jessie Margaret King, and they had three sons.

See also
William Henry Battle

References
Battle, Richard John Vulliamy in Who Was Who 1897-2006, from Battle, Richard John Vulliamy (accessed 22 August 2007)

Category:1907 births
Category:1982 deaths
Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Category:British plastic surgeons
Category:People educated at Gresham's School
Category:Medical doctors from London
Category:Royal Army Medical Corps officers
Category:British Army personnel of World War II
Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons


Diego Ivo

Diego Ivo Pires (born 6 April 1989) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Juventude.

Honours
Avaí
Campeonato Catarinense: 2010

Ceará
Campeonato Cearense: 2013, 2014

Moreirense
Taça da Liga: 2016–17

Paysandu
Copa Verde: 2018

References

External links

Category:1989 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Bahia
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:Association football central defenders
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Category:Associação Atlética Iguaçu players
Category:Avaí FC players
Category:Sport Club Barueri players
Category:Paulista Futebol Clube players
Category:Sport Club do Recife players
Category:Club Athletico Paranaense players
Category:Ceará Sporting Club players
Category:Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players
Category:São Bernardo Futebol Clube players
Category:Moreirense F.C. players
Category:Paysandu Sport Club players
Category:Esporte Clube São Bento players
Category:Esporte Clube Juventude players
Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Category:Primeira Liga players


Duckens Nazon

Duckens Moïse Nazon (born 7 April 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for the Haiti national team. He is under contract with the Belgian club Sint-Truiden, but is not registered to play for the squad for the 2019–20 season.

Club career
After going through the youth system at Vannes, the forward joined FC Lorient's reserve team in 2013. Later that year, he joined French fourth-tier side US Roye.

After brief stints at Olympique Saint-Quentin and Stade Lavallois, he joined Kerala Blasters in the Indian Super League on September 2016.

Three months later, on 13 January 2017, he signed a six-month deal with English Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers, becoming part of their under-23 team. On 4 August 2017 he went out on loan to League Two side Coventry City until January 2018. He made his English league debut for the club the following day as a substitute in a 3–0 win against Notts County. On 8 August 2017 he scored his first goal in English football, scoring in the Sky Blues' 1–3 League Cup defeat to Blackburn. He scored 8 goals in 24 appearances in all competitions in his six-month loan spell. The club later gained promotion to League One via the play-offs.
Nazon was then loaned out to League One side Oldham Athletic until the end of the season. He scored 6 goals in 16 appearances for the club as they saw relegation to League Two.

On 14 June 2018, Nazon joined Belgian First Division A club Sint-Truiden on a three-year-deal for an undisclosed fee. In January 2019, Nazon joined Scottish Premiership side St Mirren on loan until the end of the season.

International career

He earned his first cap for the Haiti team on 5 March 2014 against Kosovo (draw 0–0).

In the 2015 Gold Cup, Nazon scored the only two goals for Haiti in the 2015 Gold Cup group stage, helping his team get second place and advancing to the knockout stages.

On 10 September 2018, in a competitive game against Sint Maarten, he scored five goals, a record for Haiti.

Career statistics

Club

International goals
''Scores and results list Haiti's goal tally first.

References

External links

Duckens Nazon profile at FHF

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Châtenay-Malabry
Category:French people of Haitian descent
Category:Haitian footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Haiti international footballers
Category:2014 Caribbean Cup players
Category:2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Category:Copa América Centenario players
Category:2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Category:Olympique Saint-Quentin players
Category:Stade Lavallois players
Category:Ligue 2 players
Category:Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Category:Kerala Blasters FC players
Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Category:Coventry City F.C. players
Category:Sint-Truidense V.V. players
Category:St Mirren F.C. players
Category:Indian Super League players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Belgian First Division A players
Category:Haitian expatriate footballers
Category:Haitian expatriate sportspeople in India
Category:Haitian expatriate sportspeople in England
Category:Haitian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Category:Expatriate footballers in India
Category:Expatriate footballers in England
Category:Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Category:Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine


Mazraeh-ye Hasanabadu

Mazraeh-ye Hasanabadu (, also Romanized as Mazra‘eh-ye Ḩasanābādū) is a village in Qohab-e Rastaq Rural District, Amirabad District, Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.

References

Category:Populated places in Damghan County


SS Inchmay (1943)

Inchmay was a   refrigerated cargo liner that was built in 1943 by Short Brothers Ltd, Sunderland, Co Durham, United Kingdom as Empire Cromer for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). In 1946, she was sold into merchant service and renamed Corrientes. In 1955 she was sold to Hong Kong and renamed Inchmay. In 1966, she was sold to Pakistan and renamed Kaukhali, serving until 1966 when she was scrapped.

Description
The ship was built in 1943 by Short Brothers Ltd, Sunderland, Yard number 480, she was launched on 21 December 1943 and completed in April 1944.

The ship was  long, with a beam of . She had a depth of , and a draught of . She was assessed at , .

The ship was propelled by a 537 nhp triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by  stroke. The engine was built by the North East Marine Engine Co (1938) Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. It could propel the ship at .

History

War service
Empire Cromer was built for the MoWT. The United Kingdom Official Number 180133 and Code Letters GFPT were allocated. Her port of registry was Sunderland. She was operated under the management of the Blue Star Line.

Empire Cromer was complete in April 1944. She made her maiden voyage on 28 April, when she joined Convoy FN 1340, which had departed Southend, Essex on 27 April and arrived at Methil, Fife on 29 April. She then joined Convoy EN 377, which departed Methil that day and arrived at Loch Ewe on 1 May. Empire Cromer then sailed on to Belfast, County Antrim and made a voyage to Cardiff, Glamorgan and back before joining Convoy ON 238, which departed from Liverpool, Lancashire on 26 May and arrived at New York United States on 9 June. She detached from the convoy en route and sailed to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, arriving on 8 June.

Empire Cromer was a member of Convoy QS 88, which departed from the Red Islet on 30 August and arrived at Sydney, Cape Breton on 3 September. She then joined Convoy HX 306, which had departed from New York on 31 August and arrived at Liverpool on 17 September. She was carrying general cargo and meat. After discharging her cargo, Empire Cromer sailed to Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, from where she sailed on 4 October, joining Convoy OS91KM, which departed from Liverpool that day and split at sea on 10 October. She was carrying a cargo of soda and livestock. Her destination was Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she arrived on 30 October. From Buenos Aires, Empire Cromer sailed to Montevideo, Uruguay, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Gibraltar, where she arrived on 15 December. She the joined Convoy MKS 71G, which departed from Gibraltar on 16 December and arrived at Liverpool on 24 December. She was carrying a cargo of meat. Her destination was the Clyde.

Empire Cromer departed the Clyde on 23 January 1945, joining Convoy ON 280, which had departed from Southend on 22 January and arrived at New York on 9 February. From New York, she sailed to Boston, Massachusetts, joining convoy BX 150, which departed on 13 March and arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 15 March. She then joined Convoy SC 170, which departed from Halifax on 17 March and arrived at Liverpool on 31 March. She was carrying refrigerated and general cargo. From Liverpool, Empire Cromer sailed to the Belfast Lough, from where she joined Convoy ONS 48, which departed from Liverpool on 21 April and arrived at Halifax on 4 May. She then joined Convoy XB 162, which departed from Halifax the next day and arrived at Boston on 7 May. She arrived at the Cape Cod Canal on 7 May and then sailed to New York.

Post-war service
Empire Cromer departed from New York on 21 May 1945 for Boston, arriving the next day. She the joined Convoy BX 164, which departed that day and arrived at Halifax on 24 May. She then joined Convoy SC 177, which departed Halifax on 26 May and arrived at Liverpool on 8 June. She was carrying refrigerated and general cargo, and was bound for Cardiff. She then sailed to Halifax and back to Liverpool, arriving there on 1 August.

On 27 August, Empire Cromer sailed from Liverpool for Buenos Aires. She then sailed to Zarate and back. From Buenos Aires, she sailed to Montevideo. She then sailed to Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, where she embarked fourteen members of the Falkland Islands Defence Force who were to represent the Islands at the 1946 Victory Parade in London. Empire Cromer sailed to Antwerp, Belgium and then to Liverpool, where she arrived on 29 November.

In 1946, Empire Cromer was sold to the Donaldson Line, Glasgow and renamed Corrientes, the second ship of that name to serve with Donaldson Line. In 1954, Corrientes was sold to the Blue Star Line. It was intended that she would be renamed Oakland Star, but instead she was declared surplus to requirements. In January 1955, Corrientes was sold to Williamson & Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Inchmay. She was operated under the management of the Inch Line. On 3 April 1962, Inchmay ran aground at Wakayama, Japan. There were no injuries amongst her 45 crew. In 1966, Inchmay was sold to the National Shipping Corporation of Pakistan, Karachi and was renamed Kaukhali. She served until 1968, arriving on 2 April at Karachi for scrapping.

References

External links
Photo of Empire Cromer

Category:1943 ships
Category:Cargo liners
Category:Ships built on the River Wear
Category:Ministry of War Transport ships
Category:Empire ships
Category:Steamships of the United Kingdom
Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Category:Merchant ships of Hong Kong
Category:Steamships of Hong Kong
Category:Maritime incidents in 1962
Category:Merchant ships of Pakistan
Category:Steamships of Pakistan
Category:Passenger ships of Pakistan


Dasypogonaceae

Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists: the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species.

The APG IV system, of 2016 places the family in order Arecales, after some studies revealed the family as sister to Arecaceae.

The earlier APG III of 2009, APG II of 2003, and APG system of 1998, accepted the family and assigns the family to the clade commelinids, unplaced as to order.  In turn, the commelinids belong to the monocots.

The family is endemic to Australia, and comprises 16 species in four genera. The best known representative is Kingia australis.

References

External links

 Dasypogonaceae, Calectasiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 9 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/.
 Dasypogonaceae in Western Australia [70 entries]

Category:Commelinid families
Category:Plant families endemic to Australia
Category:Arecales