Education in Harlem

Education in and around the neighborhood of Harlem, in Manhattan, New York City, is provided in schools and institutions of higher education, both public and private. For many decades, Harlem has had a lower quality of public education than wealthier sections of the city. It is mostly African American and lower-income. But also check out the Harlem Children's Zone

For purposes of this article, the modern boundaries of greater Harlem are considered to be West 110th Street, Fifth Avenue, East 96th Street, the East River, the Hudson River, and 155th Street, although some variation occurs with the southwestern boundary. This area includes both the neighborhood of Harlem itself, as well as the adjacent neighborhoods of East Harlem, Manhattanville, and Hamilton Heights.

Community districts
New York City is divided into many Community School Districts (CSDs), although many functions formerly performed at the district level are now distributed elsewhere. Those districts with jurisdiction in parts of Harlem are Districts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 75, with 2, 3, and 6 also serving other parts of Manhattan and 75 being a citywide district covering special education schools.

Some schools located outside of Harlem may have programs that take place in Harlem. An example is City-As-School, a public non charter high school headquartered in downtown Manhattan that supports education in conjunction with internships across the city, thus potentially including Harlem.

History and quality of education

In the 1930s, overcrowding in schools in Harlem was identified as a major impediment to education and a subject for reform efforts. Lucile Spence, Gertrude Elise McDougald Ayer, and Layle Lane were educators involved in the reform efforts. "Opportunities to enter a racially mixed high school were minimal, and by 1913 fewer than two hundred Black high school students attended racially mixed high schools," Jeffrey Babcock Perry wrote in Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism in 2009.

By 1993, Harlem was predominately African-American with incomes below the current national median. Many residents, who lived in poverty and thus were subject to racism as well as classism, found education disadvantaged. In standardized English and math tests, Harlem schools posted the worst average scores. Not receiving Regents high school diplomas on time was more common in Harlem than in most other communities in the city by 2006. This excluded GEDs, special education diplomas, or alternative certificates, as well as children in the criminal justice system who were not counted.

District 3, which covers most of southwestern Harlem as well as the Upper West Side, did not have any gifted & talented education programs in the Harlem section of the district , while in the Upper East Side, there are several gifted programs. The schools in the district are also highly segregated and are gradually losing enrollment to charter schools and better-performing schools elsewhere in the district. Most District 3 schools in Harlem are majority-black and Hispanic with decreasing enrollment over the years, while District 3 schools in the Upper West Side are mostly white with increasing enrollment. This is also true of Harlem schools in general. For example, PS 241 STEM Institute of Manhattan, a school on 113rd Street near Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard, lost three-fourths of its enrollment in ten years, going from 582 students in 2007 to 125 students in 2016. Less than 25% of kindergarten students zoned to PS 241 actually attend that school. It was proposed to be closed in 2008–9 but the school was kept open due to opposition from a teachers' union. An October 2016 proposal to merge PS 241 with nearby PS 76 was poorly received by parents from the latter school, so the 2016 merger was also canceled. By contrast, further south in district 3, 89% of kindergartners zoned to PS 87 on West 78th Street are enrolled in that school.

Principals of Harlem public schools give different reasons for low enrollment. Some said that their schools had not been advertised enough, while others stated that charter schools promoted their own enrollment at the expense of public schools. , two Harlem schools, PS 180 and PS 185, had seen increases in enrollment in the preceding years.

Of the nine charter schools in District 3 , eight are in Harlem. Many black and Hispanic families in Harlem send their kids to charter or private schools, or to better-performing public schools elsewhere in the district. The public non charter schools in Harlem have been criticized for decades as being educationally among the worst in the city. By contrast, the charters in Harlem have been praised for their quality of education, even when compared to charters elsewhere in the nation. Charters have been criticized on other grounds, but not uniquely to Harlem, except for objections to there being so many charters in Harlem competing with public non charter schools for classroom space. Transfers of teachers involuntarily into Harlem in the 1960s, by sending the teachers to schools with difficult students, were reputedly intended by the City's Board of Education to drive unwanted teachers out of the profession altogether.

Columbia University has periodically planned physical expansion, competing for space with residents, and seeking coordination with New York State for the application of eminent domain on the ground of blight.

Elementary through high school
This covers pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.

Public schools
Publicly funded schools include non charter and charter schools, generally not charging tuition, and getting their funds primarily from state and city governments.

Non charter schools

The New York City Department of Education runs public non charter schools in Harlem and provides a locator service for finding them. These include:
 Central Park East
 Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics, a high school, 280 Pleasant Av.
 Park East High School
 Young Women's Leadership School of East Harlem, 105 E. 106th Street.
The Ralph Bunche School 425 W 123rd St, New York, NY 10027
P.S. 149 Sojourner Truth 21 W 111th St, New York, NY 10026
John H. Finley Campus School, PS/MS 129M 425 W 130th St, New York, NY 10027

Charter schools
Charter schools are authorized by any of three authorizing agencies and operate under fewer rules than do non charter schools, and often have higher expectations for students. In Harlem, many charters outperform non charter schools, doing a better job of educating students in math and English as measured by state examinations. Charters are generally free of tuition to attend. When a charter school receives more qualified applicants than it has classroom space to admit, it usually runs a lottery and places everyone who is not admitted that way onto a waitlist for possible openings later in the year. Schools offer classes in various grades and some add a grade each year, so that a student, once started, can continue studying in the same school.

In Harlem, about 20 percent of children who are eligible by age are enrolled in charters, and that does not count applicants who are denied admission because of lack of room.

Charter schools in Harlem include:
 Amber Charter School, grades K–5, 220 E. 106th St., in Community School District 4; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY):
 http://democracyprep.org/schools
 Grades 6–9, 207 W. 133rd St., in Community School District 5; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 Dream Charter School, grades K–2, 232 E. 103rd St., in Community School District 4; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 Future Leaders Institute Charter School, grades K–8, 134 W. 122nd St., in Community School District 3; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 Harbor Science and Arts Charter School, grades 1–8, 1 E. 104th St., in Community School District 4; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Harlem Children's Zone:
 Harlem Children's Zone/Promise Academy I Charter School, grades K–6 & 9–10, 35 E. 125th St., in Community School District 5; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 Harlem Children's Zone/Promise Academy II, grades K–5, 2005 Madison Av., in Community School District 5; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 Harlem Day Charter School, grades K–5, 240 E. 123rd St., in Community School District 4; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Harlem Link Charter School, grades K–5, 20 W. 112th St., in Community School District 3; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Harlem Village Academies:
 Harlem Village Academy Charter School, grades 5–11, 244 W. 144th St., in Community School District 5; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Harlem Village Academy Leadership Charter School, grades 5–9, 2351 1st Av., in Community School District 4; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Knowledge Is Power Program
Kipp Infinity Charter School, grades K & 5–9, 625 W. 133rd St., in Community School District 5; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
KIPP S.T.A.R. College Preparatory, grades 5–9, 425 W. 123rd St., in Community School District 5; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 New Heights Academy Charter School, grades 5–12, 1818 Amsterdam Av., in Community School District 6; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 New York City Center for Autism Charter School, grades 1–6 & 8, 433 E. 100th St., in Community School District 4; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
 The Opportunity Charter School, grades 6–12, 240 W. 113th St., in Community School District; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.:
 Renaissance Charter High School for Innovation, 410 E 100th St.
 The Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem, grades K–5, 125 W. 115th St., in Community School District 3; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 St. HOPE Leadership Academy Charter School, grades 5–8, 222 W. 134th St., in Community School District 5; school chartered by N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.

 Success Academy Charter Schools:
 Success Academy Harlem 1, grades K–6, 34 W. 118th St., in Community School District 3; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY):
 Success Academy Harlem 2, grades K–4, 144-176 E. 128th Street., in Community School District 5; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Success Academy Harlem 3, grades K–4, 410 E. 100th St., in Community School District 4; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
 Success Academy Harlem 4, grades K–4, 240 W. 113th St., in Community School District 3; school chartered by State Univ. of N.Y. (SUNY)
Success Academy Harlem 5, grades K-4, 301 W. 140 Street, in Community School District 5
Success Academy Harlem 6, grades K-3, 461 W. 131st Street, in Community School District 5
Success Academy Harlem North Central, grades 5–8, 175 W. 134th Street, in Community District 5
 Success Academy Harlem West, grades 5–8, 215 W. 114th Street, in Community School District 3
Success Academy Harlem East, grades 5–8, 141 E. 111th Street
The Success Academy Charter Schools group has expanded rapidly in Harlem, opening several new schools in the past few years in order to increase student enrollment across its Harlem portfolio.

Private schools
Private schools generally charge tuition to attend.

Parochial schools
Parochial schools are generally run by religious institutions. Some include:
 The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine, grades K–8, Episcopal, 1047 Amsterdam Av.
 Cristo Rey New York High School, grades 9–12, 112 E. 106th St., Catholic;
 St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School, toddlers-8th grade, Episcopal, 619 W. 114th St.
 St. Charles Borromeo School, Grades PK3-8, Catholic, 214 W. 142 St.
 St. Ann, The Personal School, Grades PreK3 - 8, Catholic, 314 East 110th St.

Non parochial schools
Some private schools are not run by religious institutions. Some include:
 Bank Street School for Children, nursery (about age 3)–grade 8, 610 W. 112th St.
 The Children's Storefront, preschool–grade 4, 70 E. 129th St.
 Harlem Academy, grades 1–8, 1330 5th Av.
 Manhattan Country School, grades pre-K–8, 7 E. 96th St.;
 The School at Columbia University, grades K–8,  556 W. 110th St.
 La Scuola D'Italia Guglielmo Marconi, grades pre-K–12, 12 E. 96th St.
 St. Bernard's School, boys-only school, grades pre-K–9, 4 E. 98th St.

Nurseries
Nurseries, sorted by the youngest age they generally accept, include:

 Rita Gold Early Childhood Center, for children 6 weeks to 5 years old, 525 W. 120th St., only for families associated with Columbia University
 Imagine Early Learning Center at Mt. Sinai Medical Center, for children 3 months to 5 years old, 60–62 E. 97th St.
 Bank St. Family Center, for children 6 months to 4.9 years old, 610 W. 112th St.
 Children's Learning Center, for children 6 months to 5 years old, 90 LaSalle St.
 Tompkins Hall Nursery School and Childcare Center, for children 15 months to 5 years old, 21 Claremont Av.
 Family Annex, for children 1 year 6 months to 5 years old, 560 W. 113th St.
 Barnard College Center for Toddler Development, for children 1.7 years to 3.0 years old, 3009 Broadway, at 120th St.
 City College's Child Development and Family Services Center, for children 2–6 years old, 133rd St. and Convent Ave.;, only for children of City College students
 The Columbia-Greenhouse Nursery School, for children 2–5 years old, 404 & 424 W. 116th St.
 The Red Balloon Community Day Care Center, for children 2–5 years old, 560 Riverside Dr.
 The Riverside Church Weekday School, for children 2–5 years old, 490 Riverside Dr.
 St. Benedict's Day Nursery, for children 2–6 years old for grades pre-K to K, 21 W. 124th St.; Roman Catholic
 St. Hilda's and St. Hugh's School, for children 2–13 years old, 619 W. 114th St.
 Broadway Presbyterian Church Nursery School, for children 2.9–5 years old, 601 W. 114th St.
 Bank St. School for Children, for children 3–13 years old, 610 W. 112th St.
 Hollingworth Preschool of Teachers College, Columbia University, for children 3–5 years old, at Teachers College, Columbia University
 La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi, for children 3 years old and up for pre-K to grade 12, 12 E. 96th St.

Higher education
Colleges and universities include:
 Barnard College, primarily for a liberal arts degree, 3009 Broadway; for women
 Boricua College, 3755 Broadway
 City College of New York (CCNY), undergraduate and graduate degrees and part of the studies for a medical degree, 160 Convent Av.
 Columbia University, undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees, 2960 Broadway:
  Columbia's expansion with competition for land has been a community issue
 Helene Fuld College of Nursing, AAS and BS degrees, 24 East 120th Street, Manhattan
 Jewish Theological Seminary of America, undergraduate and graduate degrees, 3080 Broadway
 Albert A. List College of Jewish Studies, B.A. degree, 3080 Broadway:
 Manhattan School of Music, undergraduate and graduate programs, 601 W. 122nd St.
 New York College of Podiatric Medicine, 53 East 124th Street
 Teachers College, graduate degrees, 525 W. 120th St.:
  Part of Columbia University
 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 230 W. 125th St.
 Touro College of Pharmacy, 230 W. 125th St.

Libraries

Public libraries are suited to self-directed learning and the New York Public Library offer free online access from home to databases for research. The NYPL has one research library and ten local branches (listed here with the research library first followed by the local branches approximately from south to north):
 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, 515 Lenox Avenue, is the research library
 96th Street branch, 112 E. 96th St.
 Aguilar branch, 174 E. 110th St.
 Morningside Heights branch, 2900 Broadway
 115th Street branch, 203 W. 115th St.
 Harlem branch, 9 W. 124th St.
 125th Street branch, 224 E. 125th St.
 George Bruce branch, 518 W. 125th St.
 Hamilton Grange branch, 503 W. 145th St.
 Macomb's Bridge branch, 2633 Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Blvd.

See also

 Education in New York City

References

 Meier, Deborah, The Power of Their Ideas: Lessons for America From a Small School in Harlem (1995).

Further reading
 Haynes, Aquila E., ed., Directory of NYC Charter Schools: New York City Department of Education: 2010 – 2011 (Dep't of Educ.) (editor of N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ., Charter School Office) (updates website)
 Goldman, Victoria, The Manhattan Directory of Private Nursery Schools (N.Y.: Soho Press, 6th ed. 2007 ()), esp. for neighborhoods or areas Uptown and Eastside
 Private Independent Schools (Wallingford, Conn.: Bunting & Lyon, 62d ed. 2009 () ()) (The Bunting and Lyon Blue Book)

External links

 N.Y.C. Charter Center
 New York School Test Scores, as reported by N.Y. Times
 N.Y.C. Dept. of Education: find public charter and noncharter schools
 Lists of principals and other administrators, from N.Y.S. Education Department:
 School District Index for The NYS Administrators Listing (letter N): select a local district of interest
 NYC Special Schools – District 75
 NYC Chancellor's Office

Category:Education in Manhattan
Category:Harlem
Category:African Americans and education


Lapillopsidae

Lapillopsidae is a family of Temnospondyli.

Lapillopsis was found as the sister to Rotaurisaurus in a 1999 analysis that found the Lapillopsidae as basal stereospondyls. Lapillopsis was found as a sister to Dissorophoidea by a 2017 analysis. Another relative of Lapillopsis, Manubrantlia was described from the Early Triassic of India.

References

Category:Triassic temnospondyls


Sepak takraw at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's doubles

The women's double regu sepak takraw competition at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon was held from 20 September to 22 September at the Bucheon Gymnasium.

Squads

Results
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Preliminary

Group A

|-
|20 September||09:00
|align=right|
|align=center|1–2
|align=left|
|16–21||21–17||9–21
|-
|20 September||14:00
|align=right||align=center|2–0
|align=left|
|22–20||21–16||
|-
|21 September||09:00
|align=right|
|align=center|0–2
|align=left|
|19–21||18–21||
|-

Group B

|-
|20 September||11:00
|align=right||align=center|2–0
|align=left|
|21–14||21–10||
|-
|20 September||16:00
|align=right||align=center|2–0
|align=left|
|21–11||21–11||
|-
|21 September||11:00
|align=right||align=center|2–0
|align=left|
|21–18||21–11||
|-

Knockout round

Semifinals

|-
|21 September||16:00
|align=right||align=center|2–0
|align=left|
|21–19||21–16||
|-
|21 September||16:00
|align=right||align=center|2–0
|align=left|
|21–15||21–17||
|-

Gold medal match

|-
|22 September||09:30
|align=right|
|align=center|0–2
|align=left|
|16–21||15–21||
|-

References

External links
 Official website

Category:Sepak takraw at the 2014 Asian Games


Railtour

A railtour is a special train which is run in order to allow people to experience rail travel which is not available using timetabled passenger services. The 'unusual' aspect may be the route of the train, the destination, specific sections of railway track (for example, freight-only lines), the locomotive hauling the train, the rolling stock (passenger carriages), or any combination of these. Organisers may own or hire locomotives or rolling stock, or tours may be organised by railway management or other bodies outside the railway fraternity. Perhaps the most famous railtour in England was the Fifteen Guinea Special, the last steam hauled main line train run by British Rail. Railtours are often identifiable through the use of a train headboard, often identifying the name of the specific tour or the tour operator. On TOPS, railtours are always given a 1Zxx headcode.

Types of Railtour

Destination tours
A 'destination' railtour is often associated with a special event of railway significance. Open days or special events at heritage railway locations such as Barrow Hill Engine Shed and the West Somerset Railway have been destinations for railtours originating from large cities. Similarly, organisations such as the Crusader Union may hire a train to take a large number of people to a specific event.

Locomotive tours
A 'locomotive' railtour focusses on the type of locomotive hauling the train. This may be a preserved locomotive, a type not usually used for passenger trains, or a type of locomotive which normally works some distance from the chosen route. Railtours in the 1980s saw a Class 52 running to York and a Class 55 to Exeter.

Nostalgic tours
One type of railtour which is currently popular is the nostalgic excursion using a preserved train, or sometimes a train hired from a railway operator. Preserved steam locomotives are popular performers on UK railtours, sometimes covering 400 miles in one day at speeds of over 75 miles per hour. Train, branding and route are often chosen as to reflect a common theme, sometimes tracing an aspect of railway history. Railtours are organised both on a commercial basis and as a fund-raising method for railway preservation societies.

Track or route tours
A track or route railtour is focused on travelling over sections of railway track that are not used by scheduled passenger trains. Locations – such as Carne Point at Fowey, Cornwall – which have not seen passenger trains for several decades, or locations that have never had a public passenger service – such as the MOD depot at Long Marston – can be traversed by such trains.

Compass Tours
DPS Railtours
Pathfinder Tours
SRPS_Railtours
Steam Dreams (operator of the Cathedrals Express railtours)
Torbay Express Limited (operates on Sundays from July to September; between Bristol Temple Meads and Paignton/Kingswear).
Venice-Simplon Orient Express
Vintage Trains
West Coast Railways (operator of The Jacobite railtours from Fort William to Mallaig, which runs on every weekday throughout the summer months, and the Scarborough Spa Express)

Current Railtour operators in Ireland

Enthusiast Railtours
Irish Railway Record Society
Modern Railway Society of Ireland
Railway Preservation Society of Ireland

Luxury Railtours
Steam Dreams (Emerald Isle Explorer)
Railtours Ireland (Emerald Isle Express)
Belmond Grand Hibernian (Starting August 2016)

See also
 Mainline steam trains in Great Britain

References

Category:Passenger rail transport


Okanagana magnifica

Okanagana magnifica is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae. It is found in North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Insects described in 1919
Category:Okanagana


Skujaine

Skujaine is a village in Penkule Parish and Dobele Municipality in the historical region of Zemgale, and the Zemgale Planning Region in Latvia.

Category:Dobele Municipality
Category:Towns and villages in Latvia


John James North

John James North  (26 July 1871 – 14 July 1950) was a New Zealand Baptist minister, editor and the first principal of the New Zealand Baptist Theological College. He was born in Dukinfield, Cheshire, England, in 1871.

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1950 New Year Honours "for services to the Baptist organisation in New Zealand". His son Alfred was a lawyer and judge.

References

Category:1871 births
Category:1950 deaths
Category:New Zealand Baptist ministers
Category:New Zealand theologians
Category:People from Dukinfield
Category:English emigrants to New Zealand
Category:New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire


Frederic Kimber Seward

Frederic Kimber Seward, Sr. (sometimes misspelled Frederick) (March 23, 1878 – December 7, 1943) was a prominent corporate lawyer in New York City. He was a passenger on the RMS Titanic, and later chaired a survivors' committee that honored the rescue ship RMS Carpathia.

Biography
Seward was born on March 23, 1878 in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Reverend Samuel Swezey Seward II (1838–1916) and Christina Frederika (Kimber) Seward (1837–1906). He had several siblings, among them a brother, John Perry Seward, a homeopathic physician. He graduated from Columbia University in 1899 and was a member of its Glee Club. He married Sara Flemington Day (1878–1932) and had three children: Frederic K. Seward, Jr. (1904–1967); Katharine Seward (1907–1982) and Samuel S. Seward III (1910–1989). In 1908 he started work at the law firm of Curtis, Mallet, Prevot & Colt  in New York City. He served on the Board of Trustees of George Gustav Heye's Museum of the American Indian starting in 1916. During World War II he served on New York City's wartime rationing board.

Seward died of heart failure on December 7, 1943 in New York City.

The Titanic disaster
Seward, returning from Europe on a business trip, was on board RMS Titanic when it struck an iceberg and sank on the night of April 14, 1912. At the time of impact, he was playing cards with William T. Sloper and Dorothy Gibson in the first class lounge.  Seward survived the sinking, escaping in lifeboat 7, the first to leave the ship. Seward filed a joint lawsuit with other survivors against White Star Lines; he himself was legal counsel for a victim of the sinking, John Montgomery Smart, and worked on settling his estate. He also served as the chairman of a committee to honor the bravery of Captain Arthur Rostron of RMS Carpathia and his crew.

References

Category:1878 births
Category:1943 deaths
Category:New York (state) lawyers
Category:Columbia University alumni
Category:RMS Titanic's crew and passengers
Category:People from Wilmington, Delaware
Category:RMS Titanic survivors


R. Winston Morris

Ralph Winston Morris (born January 19, 1941 in Barnwell, South Carolina) is an American tubist. He serves as a professor of tuba and euphonium at Tennessee Tech University in Cookeville, Tennessee. Morris is editor of The Tuba Source Book and the Euphonium Source Book.

Morris earned his academic degree in music from East Carolina University in 1962. As the conductor of the Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble, he started promoting jazz tuba performance in an ensemble setting as early as 1967.  Morris created the first tuba/euphonium ensemble at Tennessee Tech.

The Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble has performed under Morris' direction on Bourbon Street and at the New Orleans Jazz Festival, Disney World, the National MENC Conference in Kansas City, the International T.U.B.A. Conference in Austin, Texas, the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., and at the Spoleto Festival in Charleston, South Carolina. The ensemble has also performed in Carnegie Hall 7 times, produced 22 commercial recordings—some which have been grammy nominated—and generated more than 600 compositions for the tuba, euphonium and tuba ensemble. Morris put together the first euphonium choir and organized the first recording project for euphonium choir.

Morris studied under William Bell, tuba player for the John Philip Sousa Band.  Winston was also a member of the Matteson-Phillips Tubajazz Consort with Rich Matteson, Ashley Alexander, John Allred, Buddy Baker, Harvey Phillips and Daniel Perantoni.

Morris created and now conducts Symphonia, a tuba/euphonium ensemble made up of professional players. A recent reunion concert billed as Tubas of Mass Destruction, held in 2007 at Tennessee Tech University, included over 100 current and former students from his 40 years of teaching. Throughout his teaching career, Morris has encouraged his students to arrange and compose pieces of music for the ensemble, which was necessary in the early days of the group as there was virtually no repertoire for them to play.

References

Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:American classical tubists
Category:American jazz tubists
Category:American male composers
Category:American jazz composers
Category:Composers for tuba
Category:American music arrangers
Category:American tubists
Category:American music educators
Category:People from Barnwell, South Carolina
Category:21st-century tubists
Category:Male jazz composers
Category:21st-century American male musicians
Category:Matteson-Phillips Tubajazz Consort members


Elyse Saugstad

Elyse Saugstad is an American professional free skier.  She was the 2008 Freeride World Champion.  Saugstad gained additional notoriety after surviving the 2012 Tunnel Creek avalanche.  She credits her survival to her use of an avalanche airbag that she deployed when the slide started.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:American freeskiers
Category:Female freestyle skiers


Vinay, Isère

Vinay is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

Vinay is a largely agricultural village. It is commonly known as the walnut capital of Grenoble and boasts over 175,000 trees.

Population

Twin towns
Vinay is twinned with:

  San Possidonio, Italy, since 2013

See also
Communes of the Isère department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors

References
INSEE statistics

Category:Communes of Isère
Category:Isère communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


GCC1

GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCC1 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein. It is sensitive to brefeldin A. This encoded protein contains a GRIP domain which is thought to be used in targeting. It may play a role in the organization of trans-Golgi network subcompartment involved with membrane transport.

Interactions

GCC1 has been shown to interact with TRIM29.

References

Further reading


Świerczów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Świerczów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niechlów, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.

References

Category:Villages in Góra County


Bryn Offa

Bryn Offa is a small local-authority housing estate in the south-western suburbs of Wrexham, north-east Wales, and is close to the Wrexham Maelor hospital. The main route through Bryn Offa is the A525 road to Ruthin Road.

Category:Areas of Wrexham
Category:Housing estates in Wales


Ashford School

Ashford School is a coeducational independent boarding and day school in East Hill, Ashford, Kent. There are 480 students in the Senior School (ages 11 to 18) and 360 in the Prep School (ages 3 to 11).

The school is owned and run by the United Church Schools Trust and is a member of The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC). The current headteacher is Mr Mike Buchanan, who is Chairman-Elect of HMC for 2016-17. Mike Buchanan will step down as Headmaster of Ashford School in July 2018. Mike Buchanan’s successor will be Michael Hall. Michael Hall will be the Headmaster of Ashford School from September 2018, at the beginning of the 2018-2019 School academic year.

Ashford School was recently ranked one of the UK's top 20 coeducational, independent schools and was voted Independent School of the Year 2010. It was also a Good Schools Guide award winner in 2011 and at the Archant Good Schools Show it was voted one of the country's top five boarding schools. The School was endorsed as outstandingly successful in every category during the most recent inspection by Independent Schools Inspectorate in 2014.

Located within walking distance from Ashford International railway station which is just 37 minutes from London by high-speed train, the school also benefits from rapid access to the continent via Eurostar. The London airports are all within 90 minutes and it runs a bus service to the surrounding towns and villages.

Boarding life starts at age 10 at Ashford School where pupils can choose a range of boarding options: flexi, weekly or full. The school has 3 boarding houses: Junior boarding house Brooke & Refuge and senior boarding houses Brabourne and Alfred.

History
The school was founded in 1898 by Mrs Muriel Thimann, who opened a small school for "ladies" in Queens Road, Ashford. Nothing much is known of this school except that, before long, it was necessary to move to larger premises; first in Wellesley Road in 1903 and then to two houses in the High Street in 1905. In 1910 Mrs Edwards bought the school and renamed it "The Modern High School for Girls". Within a short time the school expanded into another, adjacent house in the High Street and then finally moved to yet again bigger premises on East Hill in 1913. For the vast majority of its existence it has been a school only for girls. In 2005 it merged with Friars Prep School in Great Chart and in 2006 boys were admitted in some year groups and it is now a fully co-educational school from the age of 3 to 18 offering boarding and day facilities. Mike Buchanan was first appointed the headmaster of Ashford School in February 2005.

Space shuttle experiment
In 1992 a science experiment designed by four girls at the school flew on the Space Shuttle on flight STS-47 The experiment had been designed in 1985 by the girls who had won a competition organised by Independent Television News. The  chemical garden experiment was successful but the Liesegang rings failed to operate correctly due to a friction in parts of the mechanism. On their return they were displayed in the London Science Museum. The seven-year delay had been caused by the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster which occurred in 1986 shortly before the intended flight.

A.
A. is a semiannual school magazine with sections including Poetry, Fiction, Art&Photography, Opinion and Debate. All content is contributed by Ashford School students.

Ashford School International Centre
The Ashford School International Centre (ASIC) has been opened as of September 2015. This section of the school has been designed to meet the needs of non-native English speaking pupils, from the outset becoming a world-class centre of excellence.

ASIC is an 18th-century Grade II listed building, which has undergone a multimillion-pound refurbishment, providing state of the art teaching classrooms alongside boarding rooms. This school will allow pupils from around the world to complete iGCSE before joining the rest of the school.

Notable Alumni
 Petronella Barker (born 1942), actress
 Louise Burfitt-Dons - writer and campaigner
 Liv Boeree - model, TV presenter, champion poker player
 Sally Brampton - journalist, writer, and magazine editor
 Lucy Cooke - National Geographic explorer, TEDtalker, award-winning documentary producer/presenter, best-selling author and zoologist
 Wendy Cope - poet
 Jane Druker - Editor at Large: Fit & Well, also a contributor to Woman & Home
 Sophie Montagne - adventurer & inspirational speaker: part of the first all-female team to ski coast-to-coast across Antarctica using muscle power alone (Nov 2017 - Jan 2018)
 Sally Preisig - accomplished voice-over artist and puppeteer. She created the voice of Bella in Tweenies, and was Peggy Patch in Playdays, both award winning shows for the BBC.
 Diana Speed - Radio 4 Newsreader
 Anna Turley - Former Labour MP & Chairwoman of the Co-operative Party since 8 June 2019
 Fleur Willson - Deputy Ambassador, British Embassy Tripoli at Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Heads of Ashford School
 Muriel Thimann 1898 - 1910
 Anne Edwards 1910 - 1928
 Lilian Brake 1928 - 1955
 Mary Nightingale 1955 - 1971
 Sanche Thompson 1972 - 1984
 Tatiana Macaire 1984 - 1992
 Patrica Metham 1992 - 1997
 Jane Burnett 1997 - 2000
 Paula Holloway 2000 - 2005
 Michael Buchanan 2005 – 2018
 Michael Hall 2018 -

References

External links
School website
Stats from www.bbc.co.uk
Ofsted

Category:Independent schools in Kent
Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
Category:Educational institutions established in 1898
Category:United Learning schools
Category:1898 establishments in England
Category:Ashford, Kent


Mansfield Institute for Social Justice and Transformation

The Mansfield Institute for Social Justice and Transformation is a social justice programming and transformational learning institute established in 1999.

The MISJT also hosts an on-campus student organization, MISO.

Social justice programming

Past events include:
  One Book, One University lectures with Michelle Alexander, Jonathon Kozol, and Katha Pollitt.
 Mansfield Lecturers Marian Wright Edleman, Barbara Katz Rothman and Paul Rogat Loeb.
 Matthew Freeman Lecturers Anne Enke, Eric Klinenberg and Oscar A. Chacón.
 The Cradle to College Pipeline Summit which brought together academics, community organizers, legislators, criminal justice professionals and students to discuss the "cradle to prison pipeline."

Faculty and staff
 Dr. Heather Dalmage, Director of the Mansfield Institute and Professor of Sociology.
 Nancy Michaels, M.A., Associate Director.
 Dr. Steven A. Meyers, Professor of Psychology and Mansfield Professor of Social Justice.

References

Category:Roosevelt University
Category:Social justice organizations


Vicken Parsons

Vicken Parsons, Lady Gormley (born 1957), is a British artist, mostly painting in oils, but also making sculptures. Her works are displayed in Tate Britain, and are in the collections of the Arts Council and the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art.

She attended the Slade School of Fine Art, in London. She is represented by Alan Cristea Gallery, London and Ivorypress, Madrid.

Exhibitions

Parsons' solo exhibitions have included Galerie Christine König (Vienna), Kettle's Yard, the Alan Cristea Gallery, and Tate St Ives. Her work has also been exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Institute of Contemporary Arts, Tate Modern, Southampton City Art Gallery and Kunsthalle Mannheim.

Personal life

Her husband is sculptor Sir Antony Gormley, O.B.E.. Vicken met Gormley while attending the Slade, and they married in 1980. She also worked as his assistant. Gormley said of her:

The couple have three children, a daughter and two sons.

References

External links

Category:1957 births
Category:20th-century British painters
Category:Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century British sculptors
Category:21st-century British sculptors
Category:21st-century British painters
Category:20th-century women artists
Category:21st-century women artists


Sigam

Sigam is a village in the district of Bharuch, in the Indian state of Gujarat.

Category:Villages in Bharuch district


Tze'elim

Tze'elim () is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the Negev desert, it falls under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council. In  it had a population of . A military training base of the ground forces of the IDF (often named "Tze'elim Base") is located nearby.

History

The kibbutz was founded in January 1947 by gar'in from Jewish youth movements in Eastern Europe and North Africa, and was named for the abundant acacia trees in the area, which were mistakenly identified as the biblical Tze'elim trees. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the kibbutz was used as a military base.

Economy
Today the kibbutz markets itself as a tourist destination, with a natural hot springs spa and accommodation. Other economic activities are agriculture and farming.

Transport
Tze'elim is linked to the regional council by bus route 14, to Tel Aviv by bus route 376, to Ofakim by bus route 30 and to Beersheba by bus route 130. All 4 bus routes are operated by Dan BaDarom. Tze'elim is situated off highway 222, in the north-western Negev.

Urban Warfare Training Center
In 2005, the Israeli Defense Forces, with assistance from the United States, built the Urban Warfare Training Center at the Tze'elim Army Base, at a cost of $45 million. Nicknamed "Baladia" (Arabic for "city"), it is a 7.4 square mile training center used to instruct soldiers in urban warfare techniques, and consists of an imitation Middle Eastern style city with multiple multistory buildings. It has been used to train various military organizations, including the US Army and UN peacekeepers. The project was developed in response to the need for greater urban warfare training amongst the IDF, following the conflict during the Second Intifada.

References

External links and references
Official website
Urban Warfare Training Center – Simulating the Modern Battle-Field, IDF 2011
Israeli MOUT Facility Model for National Guard globalsecurity.org 2008
Video Vice.com
Tze'elim Negev Information Centre

Category:Kibbutzim
Category:Kibbutz Movement
Category:Populated places established in 1947
Category:1947 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Category:Populated places in Southern District (Israel)
Category:North African-Jewish culture in Israel


Karen LeGresley

Karen LeGresley (born 1 March 1951) is a Canadian former swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany.

References

Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian female swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Canada
Category:Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Toronto


Charles F. Dougherty

Charles Francis Dougherty (born June 26, 1937) is an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district from 1979 to 1983.

Early life and education
Dougherty was born in Philadelphia and attended St. Helena's School. He graduated from St. Joseph's Preparatory School in 1955.  He served in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, 1957-77 (active duty, 1959–62). He graduated from St. Joseph's College with a B.S. degree in 1959 and did graduate work at the University of Pennsylvania from 1962-64. He worked as a high school teacher from 1962-65. In 1965 to 1966 he was a special agent for the Office of Naval Intelligence, Department of the Navy. He conducted additional graduate work at Temple University in 1967. He was assistant dean of the Community College of Philadelphia from 1966–70, and a high school principal from 1970-72.

Career
He served in the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 5th district from 1972-79.

Dougherty was elected in 1978 and reelected in 1980  as a Republican to the 96th and 97th United States Congresses. In 1978, he defeated Joshua Eilberg who was indicted on charges for money he took while arranging a $14.5 million Federal grant to a Philadelphia hospital.

He was defeated in 1982 by State Representative Robert Borski after his district was renumbered as the 3rd District. He ran against Borski again in 1992, 1998 and 2000, and was defeated each time.

To date, Dougherty is the last Republican to represent a Philadelphia-based district in Congress. He would be the last Republican to represent any portion of Philadelphia in the House until the 2000 Census resulted in the Bucks County-based 8th District absorbing a small portion of Philadelphia.

References

Sources

Category:1937 births
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:American schoolteachers
Category:American school principals
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Category:Pennsylvania Republicans
Category:Pennsylvania state senators
Category:People of the Office of Naval Intelligence
Category:Politicians from Philadelphia
Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:Saint Joseph's University alumni
Category:Temple University alumni
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:United States Marines


Ann Township

Ann Township () is a township of Kyaukpyu District in the Rakhine State of Myanmar. The principal town is Ann.

"Ann Creek" Hydropower Project is being implemented by the Ministry of Electric Power No. 1 on Ann Creek, 3.5 miles northeast to Ann. The project can generate 44 million kilowatt hours yearly when it is finished.

Hla Maung Tin, an elected Rakhine State Hluttaw Member of Ann Township representing Union Solidarity and Development Party in 2010 election, served as the 1st Rakhine State Chief Minister from 2011 to June 2014.

References

External links
 "Ann Township - Rakhine State" map ID: MIMU154v01, creation date: 16 August 2010, Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)
 "An Google Satellite Map" Maplandia World Gazetteer

Category:Townships of Rakhine State


Brión Municipality, Miranda

Brion is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 56,699. The town of Higuerote is the municipal seat of the Brion Municipality.

Demographics
The Brion Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 56,699 (up from 48,976 in 2000). This amounts to 2% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is 171.8 people per square mile (106.78/km²).

Government
The mayor of the municipality is Liliana Coromoto Gonzalez Guachi chosen on November 23, 2008 triumphing with 48% of the votes and his her opponent Raimundo Teran with 40% and volume posecion on December 1, 2008, defeating Raúl Ceballos.

Mayors of the municipality and political organizations which have governed (1989 onwards)

Manuel González: (1989-1992) COPEI (Committee of Political Electoral Independent Organization)
Domingo Palacios: (1992-2000) (Independent)
Ramón Ramos: (2000-2004) COPEI-Electors of Miranda
Raúl Ceballos: (2004-2008) PPT (Motherland For All)-PSUV (United Socialist Party of Venezuela)
Liliana González: (2008) PSUV (United Socialist party of Venezuela)

References

Category:Municipalities of Miranda (state)


Tun Sri Lanang

Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad, better known as Tun Sri Lanang, was the Bendahara (Grand Vizier) of the royal Court of Johor Sultanate who lived between the 16th and 17th centuries. He served under two Sultans of Johor, namely; Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (1570–1597) and Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III (1597–1615) and also advisers to 3 Acheh sultans namely; Sultan Iskandar Muda (until 1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636–1641) and Sultana Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Shah (1641–1675). He had two honorific titles throughout his lifetime; as the Bendahara of Johor, Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Mohamad, while he was given the title of Orang Kaya Dato' Bendahara Seri Paduka Tun Seberang after settling in Aceh.

Early life and events in Johor

Tun Sri Lanang was born in 1565 in Seluyut, Johore, and was descended from Tun Tahir, a brother of Bendahara Tun Mutahir of Malacca. There are not many records about his period as Bendehara in Johore. However, during the rule of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III, he shouldered a heavier burden on the affairs of the state as the Sultan is a weak ruler. He shared the responsibility with the Sultan's brother Raja Abdullah (later to become Sultan Abdullah Maayah Shah which reigns between 1615 to 1623).

During the period the Dutch were attacking the Portuguese for the port of Malacca. The Dutch signed a friendship treaty with the Johore Sultanate (in 1606) with Tun Sri Lanang as a representative. Tun Sri Lanang refused the Dutch request of helping the Dutch to blockade the port of Malacca preferring the Dutch do it themselves.

In 1612, at the request of Raja Abdullah to pen the Malay Annals to ensure " ... all the adat, the rules and the ceremonies of the Malay Sultans and Rajas to be heard by our descendants and is made known all utterances so that it may benefit them". At this time, under the orders of Sultan Alauddin Riaayat Shah, Tun Sri Lanang oversaw the editorial and compilation process of the Malay Annals, better known as Sejarah Melayu in Malay.

In 1613, Acheh attacked Johor and in the battle of Batu Sawar. Johore was defeated and the Royal Family and Tun Sri Lanang was captured and brought to Aceh. The Bendaharaship was continued by his descendants. His notable descendants include Bendehara Tun Habib Abdul Majid and the Raja Temenggung of Muar.

Later life in Aceh

After a brief "reeducation" in Aceh, the Johor Royal Family was returned to Johor. Tun Sri Lanang elected to stay in Acheh. He became advisor to the third Sultan of Acheh and was bestowed an Acheh honorific title. He was awarded a personal fief in Samalanga, Aceh in 1613 and held the title Uleebalang of Samalanga. He died in 1659 in Samalanga.

Legacy

Some of Tun Sri Lanang's descendants ruled as the Uleebalang of Samalanga until 1949, when Indonesia was formed in the same year. Many of his descendants were fervent nationalists including the female warrior Pocut Meuligo, Teuku Muhammad Daud, Teuku Abdul Hamid Azwar and Teuku Hamzah Bendehara. Some of his descendants carry the "Bedahara" suffix to their names indicating their ancestry.

His legacy is not only the rewriting and compiling of the magnum opus "Sejarah Melayu" but also includes the strongly Islamic flavor of Samalanga. Samalanga is also known as "Kota Santri", or "Town of Medrassas" is the centre of Islamic propagation in Acheh until today. Samalanga was also among the last town to fall to the Dutch during the time of the last Sultan of Acheh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Shah and also one of his strongholds.

Places named in honour of Tun Sri Lanang

Buildings and Institutions

 Laman Tun Sri Lanang, Kota Tinggi
 Perpustakaan Tun Seri Lanang, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
 Tun Seri Lanang Secondary School, former Secondary school in Singapore

Roads

 Jalan Persiaran Tun Sri Lanang, Johor Bahru
 Jalan Tun Sri Lanang, Malacca

Notes

References

 Haji Buyong bin Adil, Sejarah Terengganu, published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia, 1974

(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara; Permata Melayu yang hilang, 2002,
 Winstedt, R. O, A History of Johore (1365–1941), (M.B.R.A.S. Reprints, 6.) Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1992,

Further reading
 Kwa, Chong Guan and Borschberg, Peter, eds., Studying Singapore before 1800, Singapore: NUS Press, 2018. https://www.academia.edu/8314032
 Borschberg, Peter, ed., Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th Century Southeast Asia, Singapore: NUS Press, 2015. https://www.academia.edu/4302783
 Borschberg, Peter, ed., Admiral Matelieff's Singapore and Johor, 1606-1616 Singapore: NUS Press, 2016. https://www.academia.edu/11868450
 Borschberg, Peter, ed., "Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor", Singapore: NUS Press, 2015. . https://www.academia.edu/9672124
 Rouffaer, G.P., "Was Malaka Emporium vóór 1400 A.D. genaamd Malajoer? En waar lag Woerawari, Ma-Hasin, Langka, Batoesawar?", Bijdragen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Volk- en Letterkunde, 77 (1921): 1-174 and 359-604.

Category:1565 births
Category:1659 deaths
Category:People from Johor
Category:Acehnese people


João Galo

João António Silva Duarte Galo (born 23 October 1961) is a former Portuguese footballer who played as central defender.

Galo gained 1 cap for the Portugal national team.

External links

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:C.F. Os Belenenses players
Category:Portugal international footballers
Category:Portuguese footballers
Category:Primeira Liga players
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Atlético Clube de Portugal players


The Burning Dark

The Burning Dark (originally titled Shadow's Call) is a 2014 sci-fi horror novel by Adam Christopher. The novel was published in the United States and the United Kingdom on March 25, 2014 through Tor Books and Titan Books, respectively. The Burning Dark is the first book in the Spider War trilogy but can also be read as a stand-alone novel.

While writing the novel, Christopher was inspired by the Lost Cosmonauts conspiracy theory, Blake's 7, and Japanese mythology. Christopher has stated that while Spider War will be a trilogy, he has plans for further books set within the same universe.

Synopsis
The book follows several people tasked with the job of decommissioning a remote space station, the U-Star Coast City. The job is to be the final orders for black ops Captain Abraham Idaho Cleveland (referred to as "Ida"), as he is going to retire shortly after the task is completed. He's haunted by the memories of a battle against a Mother Spider, an alien creature capable of devouring entire worlds. Ida managed to successfully stop her from destroying a planet, but at the cost of lives and Ida's knee. His arrival on Coast City sparks the ire of the crew members Carter and DeJohn, who are unwilling to believe that Ida was capable of the featespecially since there was no news reporting about the event. His only true friend is the medic Izanami, with whom Ida frequently confides. Knowing that his presence aboard the ship is for appearances only, Ida spends his time constructing a space radio, through which he listens in to various conversations between other space crews. He's startled when he overhears an ancient communication from a Russian woman in some distress, as the woman talks about how she is burning and in danger from ship failure.

At the same time several strange occurrences are happening on board the Coast City and the psi-marine Serra has been frequently hearing the voice of her dead grandmother calling to her. This is compounded by the multiple electronic malfunctions on the station and the fact that the Coast City is effectively cut off from the rest of mankind because of this. Things come to a breaking point when Zia Hollywood, a space profiteer and celebrity, boards the ship to refuel and rest before she and her crew move on. As tensions rise and more and the strange and frightening phenomena increase in frequency, the crew must discover who or what is causing all of the trouble and what it all means.

Reception
Critical reception for The Burning Dark has been mostly positive, and the novel received praise from The Roanoke Times, SciFiNow, and Starburst Magazine. SFX wrote that the book was "studded with memorable imagery" and that "although it’s clear to the reader from early on that certain things are not what they seem, Christopher keeps you guessing concerning how the major plot elements link up." In contrast, RT Book Reviews and Publishers Weekly both criticized the work, and RT Book Reviews commented that "The big reveal of character backstory and motivation for the “big evil” is short, inadequate and a bit trite."

References

External links

Category:2014 British novels
Category:British horror novels
Category:2010s horror novels
Category:British science fiction novels
Category:2014 science fiction novels
Category:Japanese mythology in popular culture
Category:Novels about extraterrestrial life
Category:Science fiction horror novels


Shahrikand

Shahrikand (, also Romanized as Shahrīkand and Shahrī Kand) is a village in Il Teymur Rural District, in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 694, in 117 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Bukan County


Pugyuru

is a Japanese four-panel comic strip by Tohiro Konno. The manga was first serialized in the Japanese manga magazine Monthly Magazine Z in June, 2001. Pugyuru was adapted into an anime series that was broadcast on April 12, 2004 on the television station Kids Station. The initial broadcast lasted for thirteen episodes and ended on July 5, 2004.

Characters

A tsukkomi character.  Except for the first syllable, her name is never revealed in the comic. Anyone who hears her name, whether they want to or not, faces a terrible fate. She has called herself Margaret in a dream. She has a flat chest.  She takes great effort to drink milk (and cola), but it has no effect.  She has short hair, but the front part is blonde, and the rear part is black, it's implied that this is natural and reverses when she's asleep.  Quite an unusual hair style. She has a black cowlick on the top of her head. She can use it as a fishing rod. When something pulls on her ahoge, the back part of her hair jumps up. When she loses it she faints. She has blue eyes.

A maid, or rather, a mysterious organism, that comes from the Maid Planet (in the anime, Maid Country). It looks like she sprouted, rather than being born. According to her, she's "the end of human evolution." She has a frilly thing on her head (it looks like a typical maid headdress) that can turn into a boomerang, cutlery, or even tissue paper. Also, the hair on her head can be used in similar ways. If anyone else wears it, it will self destruct or suck blood out of the person wearing it (it doesn't work on Kanato's mom, though). Her dream for the future is to become a sumo wrestler. Her head and body can be easily separated. Taking off her head is no problem at all. Up, down, left or right, her body is structurally symmetrical in all directions. Normal-sized humans can enter her body through her mouth. She has blue, short hair. Her eyes are green.

A squid with a human face attached. Besides her normal face, she also has faces for going out, dating, and attacking.  In summer, she becomes a cooked squid. Lately, she has not made many appearances. It seems the author got tired of drawing her. Her final appearance was in volume three. Her fake head has black hair. Her eyes are violet.

A snow woman. She doesn't like being cold. She has large breasts. She's usually cheerful and likes to drink, but when she drinks cola she turns into the evil "Mizore Black". She returns to normal after she burps. If she drinks blood, she turns red. She can grind her body to make shaved ice. Her body is cold, so she is popular in the summer. She usually just melts though. She likes hot springs, but when she gets in the water it completely freezes. If she writes "hot spring mark" on the ground and goes to sleep on it, she'll melt. She has light-purple, short hair. She has long bangs. If she has a left eye, it is always covered by her bangs. In her right eye, her pupil is red. Between her black knee socks and the hem of her short, white robe, she has some absolute territory.

A yankee and a fighter. She's a girl that loves cute things and nail bats. She also likes chainsaws. Her hobby is beating and kicking people. She keeps several nail bats on her back. If you steal her nail bat, she becomes confused. She can make certain-kill technique beams, but the beams only come out of uncool parts of her body (like her ears, feet or her backside). She is especially skilled at catching a naked blade. Though she doesn't surpass Mizore, she has large breasts. She has messy, silver hair. She has scarlet eyes. She is a little bit tsundere.

She's a woman, but also perverted (like a middle-aged man). She usually sexually harasses female students. Her three sizes are bust 93 cm, waist 58 cm, hips 86 cm. She's a master at breathing. She is usually able to unhook the bras of female students with her breath. She likes to drink. She has dark blue eyes. She is always wearing her white coat.

A guy in the yakuza. A local boss. He loves Cheko-chan. He has a widow's peak. He has a small mustache.

Aniki's underling. He loves Cheko-chan. He is completely bald.

Aniki's daughter. Her father's love for Cheko-chan bothered her, so she was trying to kill Cheko. Now, she gets along with Cheko. For a long time, she had guns stuck to her hands. Recently, she lost her "urge to kill" and the guns fell off. However, she still carries around various weapons (hidden). If you bump into her shoulder, a lot of weapons will fall down. She has black, long hair. Her eyes are green.
 ???
The mysterious organism normally attached to Mizore's head. It has been given several names, but its real name is unknown. Its whole body is shaped like an eyeball, but it can grow arms and legs when it needs to move. It can be eaten once in a while, probably for emergency rations. As it is part of Mizore's body it grows back very quickly.

The result of putting Cheko's head on a male student's body. Ma○○○ and Reo have fallen in love with him. He's probably good at basketball.

Mizore's younger brother, the yeti. He looks like a girl. He's really cute. He has light-purple, long hair tied with black ribbons into twin tails. He has red eyes. Since he's a yeti, he has a fluffy tail. But, for some reason the tail disappeared because he doesn't have money. He likes donuts. He can make snow blow fiercely. Just like Mizore, he wears a short-hemmed, white robe. Since he wanted to be a maid, Cheko accepted him as her disciple. He calls Cheko "Master". For some reason, he says "~sane" at the end of his sentences. Unlike Mizore, he doesn't melt when it gets hot.

A completely normal teacher who is usually killed. Has not appeared lately.

Maid dog. It likes to eat maids. It has narrow eyes that are scary to be seen up close. Its cry sounds like "sun" rather than arf. It has not appeared lately.

Kanato's mother who first appeared in volume 5 (she appeared as a silhouette at the end of volume 4). It seems like she's divorced from her husband and she is raising Kanato as a single parent. Even Mizore can't compare to her beauty (about the same as the Nurse) and she has the strongest attack power on Earth. Also, her old scars show when she gets serious. She's a mother that likes to make funny lunches, she has a poker face and she does lots of amazing things (especially for Kanato) and Kanato admires her very much. She usually doesn't say more than one word when she talks, but she has the unique ability to converse through tobacco smoke. Her name is hinted to be Kanatora in volume 6 from hand-me-downs (possibly from Kanato's grandmother) but this has not been confirmed.

Bibliographical Information

Tankoubon
Published by Magazine Z KC instead of Kodansha.
Volume 1 (March 23, 2004)
Volume 2 (May 21, 2004)
Volume 3 (February 23, 2005)
Volume 4 (January 23, 2006)
Volume 5 (October 23, 2006)
Volume 6 (August 23, 2007)
Volume 7 (June 23, 2008)
Except for volume 3, the volumes each include a bonus comic at the end of the book. There is also a bonus comic on the inside of the dust cover.

Anime
The "Pugyuru" anime was broadcast on April 12, 2004 on Kids Station during the Anime Paradise block. Thirteen episodes total.
Each episode is based on two to four strips from the original manga. The ending animation for each episode is different every time and is also based on strips from the original manga.

Staff
Original Creator - Tohiro Konno
Director - Hajime Kurihara (Creators Dot Com)
Script - Hiroyuki Nakaki (Creators Dot Com)
Sound Director - Tomohiro Yoshida
Music - Yasunori Mitsuda
Animation Studio - Creators Dot Com
Production - Pugyuru Production Committee

Cast
Ma○○○ - Sakura Nogawa
Cheko - Ai Tokunaga
Kanato - Yuu Asakawa
Mizore - Kumi Sakuma
Nachiko - Miki Narahashi
Nurse - Miho Yamada
Aniki - Toshihide Tsuchiya
Sabu - Toshimichi Seki
Teacher - Nobuyuki Hiyama

Episode Titles
My New Life With Cheko-chan
Cheko-chan and the Scary People
Cheko-chan and Mizore
Cheko-chan and Nachiko
Ma... and the Exchange Students
Cheko-chan and Kanato
Nurse and Everyone
Mizore and the Part Time Job
Squid... No, the Name is Nachiko
Cheko-chan and the Mysterious Button
Kanato and School Life
The Maid and Cheko-chan
Cheko-chan and the Experiment

External links
  The official Pugyuru TV anime website

Category:2001 manga
Category:2004 anime television series
Category:2004 Japanese television series endings
Category:Absurdist fiction
Category:Anime series based on manga
Category:Comedy anime and manga
Category:Kodansha manga
Category:School life in anime and manga
Category:Seinen manga
Category:Yonkoma


George P. Putnam

George Palmer Putnam (September 7, 1887 – January 4, 1950) was an American publisher, author and explorer. Known for his marriage to (and being the widower of) Amelia Earhart, he had also achieved fame as one of the most successful promoters in the United States during the 1930s.

Early life
Born in Rye, New York, he was the son of John Bishop Putnam and the grandson of his namesake, George Palmer Putnam, founder of the prominent publishing firm that became G. P. Putnam's Sons. He studied at Harvard University and the University of California, Berkeley.

In 1911, Putnam married Dorothy Binney (1888–1982), the daughter of Edwin Binney, inventor and co-owner, with cousin C. Harold Smith, of Binney & Smith Inc., the company that made Crayola crayons. They had two sons, David Binney Putnam (1913–1992) and George Palmer Putnam, Jr. (1921-2013), and for a time lived in Bend, Oregon, where Putnam was the publisher and editor of the local newspaper, the Bend Bulletin. He was mayor of Bend from 1912 to 1913. Putnam left Bend in 1915 to become the private secretary to Oregon Governor James Withycombe.

Within a few years, George and Dorothy moved to the East Coast, where Putnam entered the family publishing business in New York City.

During World War I, George Putnam served with the United States Army field artillery. In 1926, under the sponsorship of the American Museum of Natural History, he led an expedition to the Arctic, up the west coast of Greenland. The following year he headed another expedition for the American Geographical Society to collect wildlife specimens on Baffin Island.

1920s and 1930s business interests
In July 1927 Putnam was responsible for the blockbuster publication of "We", Charles Lindbergh's autobiographical account of his early life and his Orteig Prize winning non-stop transatlantic solo flight from New York to Paris in May of that year. The book was one of the most successful non-fiction titles of all time, selling more than 650,000 copies in less than a year and earning its author over $250,000, the 2017 equivalent of over $3.4 million USD.

In 1927, Putnam's wife, Dorothy Binney, traveled to South America and began a long, well-chronicled affair with George Weymouth, a man 19 years her junior; Putnam would leave Binney two years later. Many thought that George had left his first wife for Amelia Earhart, although for Binney, it was her own ticket out of an unhappy marriage.

In 1930, the various Putnam heirs voted to merge the family's publishing firm with Minton, Balch & Co., which became the majority stockholders. George P. Putnam resigned from his position as secretary of G. P. Putnam's Sons and joined New York publishers Brewer & Warren as vice president.

A significant event in Putnam's personal and business life occurred in 1928, before the merger. Because of his reputation for working with Lindbergh, he was contacted by Amy Phipps Guest, a wealthy American living in London, who wanted to sponsor the first-ever flight by a woman across the Atlantic Ocean.

Guest asked Putnam to find a suitable candidate, and he eventually came up with the then-unknown aviatrix, Amelia Earhart. As it turned out, they shared many common interests: hiking, swimming, camping, riding, tennis and golf. When Putnam first met Earhart he was still married to Binney. After she completed her flight across the Atlantic, Putnam offered to help Earhart write a book about it, following the formula he had established with Lindbergh in the writing of "WE". The resulting Earhart book was 20 Hrs., 40 Min. (1928).

When they began writing, Putnam invited Earhart to live in his home, because he felt it would make the process easier. Shortly after, Binney left for South America. George and Dorothy divorced in 1929. Putnam had undertaken to promote Earhart in a campaign that included lecture tours and mass-market endorsements for luggage, Lucky Strike cigarettes (this caused image problems for her, and McCall's magazine retracted an offer) and other products.

Putnam and Earhart made their relationship official shortly after his divorce was finalized, but they didn't marry until 1931. Earhart's ideas on marriage were liberal for the time, as she believed in equal responsibilities for both "breadwinners" and pointedly kept her own surname. GP, as she called him, soon learned that he would be called "Mr. Earhart".

There was no honeymoon for the newlyweds because Earhart was involved in a nine-day cross-country tour promoting autogyros and the tour sponsor, Beech-Nut chewing gum. Although Earhart and Putnam had no children, he had two sons by his previous marriage, the explorer and writer David Binney Putnam (1913–1992) and George Palmer Putnam, Jr. (1921–2013). Earhart was especially fond of David who frequently visited his father at their family home in Rye, New York. George had contracted polio shortly after his parents' separation and was unable to visit as often.

Following Earhart's successful 1932 solo transatlantic flight, Putnam again organized her public engagements and speaking tour across the United States. Earhart joined the faculty of Purdue University College of Technology  in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and as a technical advisor to the Department of Aeronautics.

Earhart disappeared in 1937 while on her second attempt to complete a circumnavigational flight of the globe. In addition to her first work, Putnam published two other books Earhart wrote about flying, The Fun of It (1932), a memoir of her flying experiences and an essay on women in aviation and Last Flight (1937), consisting of letters and memorandum compiled by Putnam after her disappearance. Putnam also published her biography in 1939 under the title Soaring Wings: A Biography of Amelia Earhart. Although a major blaze at the Putnam residence in Rye destroyed many family treasures and Earhart's personal mementos, Putnam later donated some of Earhart's belongings, including photographs, private letters and a flight jacket, to Purdue University, where she had worked as a career counselor. Other personal effects were sent to the Women's Archives in New York.

Putnam had Earhart declared dead on January 5, 1939, and remarried on May 21 of that year to Jean-Marie Cosigny James.

Later years
In 1938, Putnam set up a new publishing company in California, George Palmer Putnam Inc. With America's entry into World War II in 1941, Putnam resumed active service, joining an intelligence unit as a captain and rising to the rank of major by 1942. In 1945, he and "Jeannie" divorced; she had initiated the action, citing incompatibility. Shortly after, he remarried again, to Margaret Havilland. They operated the Stove Pipe Wells resort in Death Valley, California.

In the book Death Valley Handbook (1947), Putnam was the binomial author of the plant taxon Gilia mohavensis (H.Mason) Putnam. The name has since slipped into synonymy with Linanthus mohavensis H.Mason, its basionym (or original species name).

George Putnam authored a number of books, including:
 Death Valley and Its Country (1946)
 Death Valley Handbook (1947)
 Hickory Shirt (1948)
 Hot Oil (1935)
 In the Oregon Country: Out-doors in Oregon, Washington, and California, Together with some Legendary Lore, and Glimpses of the Modern West in the Making (1915)
 Smiting the Rock: A tale of Oregon (1918)
 Soaring Wings: A Biography of Amelia Earhart (1939)
 Wide Margins (1942 autobiography)

Death
In late 1949, Putnam fell ill at his home in the Stove Pipe Wells, California resort in Death Valley, suffering from kidney failure. He died in Trona, California in the first week of 1950, aged 62. His body was cremated and the ashes interred in the Chapel of the Pines Crematory in Los Angeles.

Honors
Amelia Earhart, Putnam's second wife, was the first president of The Ninety-Nines, an organization of (originally) 99 female pilots formed in 1929 for the support and advancement of aviation. Putnam had proposed an award as a means of honoring anyone who supports an individual member of the group (known as a "49½"), a Chapter or Section, or the organization as a whole. The "George Palmer Putnam 49½ Award" was originated to recognize such exceptional support of The Ninety-Nines.

In 1927, the Boy Scouts of America made Putnam an "Honorary Scout", a new category of Scout created that same year. This distinction was given to "American citizens whose achievements in outdoor activity, exploration and worthwhile adventure are of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys...".

Due to his relationship with Amelia Earhart, Putnam has been the subject of numerous feature and documentary films including: Amelia Earhart (1976) with John Forsythe portraying Putnam. In Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight (1994), Bruce Dern played him. The documentary Amelia Earhart: The Price of Courage (1993) from American Experience also featured the Putnam-Earhart marriage. Richard Gere portrayed Putnam in the 2009 movie, Amelia.

References
Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 Butler, Susan. East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1997. .
 Chapman, Sally Putnam, with Stephanie Mansfield. Whistled Like a Bird: The Untold Story of Dorothy Putnam, George Putnam, and Amelia Earhart. New York: Warner Books, 1997. .
 Goldstein, Donald M. and Katherine V. Dillon. Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1997. .
 Greenspan, Ezra. George Palmer Putnam: Representative American Publisher. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000. .
 Lovell, Mary S. The Sound of Wings. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. .
 Pearce, Carol Ann. Amelia Earhart. New York: Facts on File, 1988. .
 Wohl, Robert. The Spectacle of Flight: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1920–1950. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2005. .

External links

 George Palmer Putnam

 Amelia Earhart (subscription required)
 Earhart's Life and Marriage

Category:American book publishers (people)
Category:20th-century American biographers
Category:American explorers
Category:American travel writers
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Ah Ulil

Ah Ulil or more commonly Ulil was a Maya ruler of Izamal during the eleventh century.

Before Ulil was born his uncle, Ah Tunal saw the invasion of Chichen Itza by the Toltecs. They were led by Ce Acatl Topiltzin, referred to in Maya mythology as Kukulcan. One day Ulil was attacked by a jaguar. He managed to kill it but was seriously wounded. He was saved Ix Xail, sister of Chaka, his most serious rival at pok-ol-pok. While recovering from his wounds he worked with his uncle. Ah Tunal had the task of carving frescoes of the Toltec conquerors Ulil sculpted a jaguar. Later, Ulil's team won the Chichen Itza pok-ol-pok championship. They visited other cities. Kukulcan commissioned a statue of himself to remind the people of his rule while he was away in Tula. During this time there was a drought and Ix Xail was chosen as a sacrifice to the rain god Yum Chac. A large rain storm stopped the drought and saved her.

In 1194 Canek was the king of Chichen Itza.
The same day he was elected king he met princess Sac-Nicte. She was 15 years old, they fell in love. But Sac-Nicte was destined to marry Ah Ulil.

Legend says that a young adviser to the princess told Canek that Sac-Nicte would be waiting among green flowers.

The day of the wedding, Canek arrived with 60 of his best warriors and climbed to the altar screaming "Itzalan! Itzalan!" As if he was in the battlefield and stole the princess from the altar.
These events may have been one of the things that caused Hunac Ceel to overthrow the government of Chichen Itza.

References

Category:Maya rulers
Category:11th-century monarchs in North America


Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind

Malapa is a fossil-bearing  cave located about  northeast of the well known South African hominid-bearing sites of Sterkfontein and Swartkrans and about  north-northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is situated within the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site.

History of investigations
In March 2008, Lee Berger of the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, undertook an exploration project in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage site outside of Johannesburg, in order to map the known caves identified by him and his colleagues over the past several decades, and to place known fossil sites onto Google Earth so that information could be shared with  colleagues. The area is important as nearly a third of the entire evidence for human origins in Africa comes from just a few sites in this region, and the region is arguably one of the most explored areas in Africa for evidence of human origins, having been investigated continuously since the first discoveries were made there in 1935.

At the beginning of this project, there were approximately 130 known cave sites in the region and around twenty fossil deposits. By July 2008, the pattern of cave distribution seen on Google Earth by Berger as well as the recognition of what these deposits looked like from satellites and significant amounts of searching on the ground had led Berger to discover almost 500 caves that scientists had not plotted or identified previously. Included in this were more than 25 fossil sites that had been unknown to science, all in probably the most explored region in Africa. Berger brought in geologist Paul Dirks, at that time Head of the School of GeoSciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, to lead the geological aspects of this exploratory project.

In late July, Berger noted in Google Earth a series of caves running along a fault that pointed to a blank area in the region, an area that appeared to have clusters of trees that typically marked cave deposits. On 1 August he dropped off Dirks to map the recognized cave system and proceeded into the uninvestigated area with his dog Tau, a Rhodesian Ridgeback who accompanied him on almost all his explorations. Almost immediately he discovered a rich fossil site that was unknown to science, in the vicinity of more than three dozen caves that had been apparently unrecognized by previous researchers.

On 15 August, Berger returned to the site with his post-doctoral student, Dr. Job Kibii and his 9-year-old son Matthew. Within minutes, Matthew Berger had discovered the first remains of early human ancestors - a clavicle, or collar bone.  On the opposite side of the block, Berger quickly discovered a jawbone with a canine tooth of a hominid. The find was later identified as part of a partial skeleton of a juvenile hominid, around 9 – 13 years of age.

On 4 September 2008, Berger returned to the site with more than a dozen colleagues, where Berger discovered a second partial skeleton of an adult female.

Recovered fossils
The site has produced arguably one of the most complete assemblages of early human ancestors ever found, including the most complete skeletons of early hominids yet discovered, and by far the most complete remains of any hominid dating to around 2 million years ago. Over 200 elements have been recovered to date. The partial skeletons are initially described in two papers in the journal Science by Berger and colleagues as a new species of early human ancestor called Australopithecus sediba (sediba meaning natural spring or well in Sotho).

In addition to the fossils revealed initially, rocks collected from the site have been examined with CT scans and contain even more bones, suggesting that the type specimen, Karabo, will become even more complete.

The species is suggested by the authors to be a good candidate for being the transitional species between the southern African ape-man Australopithecus africanus (the Taung Child, Mrs. Ples) and either Homo habilis or even a direct ancestor of Homo erectus (Turkana boy, Java man, Peking man). The species has long arms, like an ape, short powerful hands, a very advanced pelvis, and long legs capable of striding and possibly running like a human.

The skeletons were found among the articulated skeletons of a sabre-toothed cat, antelopes and even mice and hares.

Geology
The fossils are preserved in a hard, concrete-like substance known as calcified clastic sediments that formed at the bottom of what appears to be a shallow underground lake or pool that was possibly as much as  underground at the time. It is not known how these skeletons came to be in this pool, but it appears that they may have taken a significant fall.  No carnivores or scavengers reached their bodies.

Age of the deposits
The fossil was dated using a combination of paleomagnetism and uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating by Andy Herries (La Trobe University, Australia), Robyn Pickering (University of Melbourne, Australia) and Jan Kramers (University of Johannesburg, South Africa). U-Pb dating of the underlying flowstone indicates that the fossils are not older than 2.0 million years old. The occurrence of species of animal that became extinct ~1.5 million years ago indicate the deposit is not younger than 1.5 million years old. The sediments have a 'normal' magnetic polarity, and the only major period between 2.0 and 1.5 million years ago when this occurred was the Olduvai sub-Chron between 1.95 and 1.78 million years ago, and so in 2010 the fossil was suggested to be around 1.95 million years old based on the transitional nature of some of the sediments and the stratigraphy at the site. In 2011 a more accurate date of the fossils was established when a capping flowstone was too old to enable the normal polarity deposits to date to the Olduvai event. The deposits were instead correlated to a ~3000 year long period centred at around 1.977 million years ago and known as the Pre-Olduvai event.

See also
List of fossil sites

References

External links

Free Images and resources about "Australopithecus sediba" and Malapa for Educators and Students

Category:Archaeological sites in South Africa
Category:Pliocene
Category:Caves of South Africa
Category:Limestone caves
Category:Landforms of Gauteng
Category:Paleoanthropological sites


Valentin Plamenov

Valentin Plamenov () (6 February 1951 – 4 September 2003, Sofia, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian writer, essayist, satirist, dramatist, screenwriter, and journalist.

Plamenov attended the French Gymnasium in Sofia, achieving the highest academic distinction for which he was awarded the gold medal. Plamenov graduated from Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski in Bulgarian and French Philology.

Plamenov worked for the Bulgarian satirical newspaper Starshel (Hornet) as well as the Bulgarian Cultural Center in Delhi, India until 1992. Plamenov renewed the satirical newspaper Bulgaran under the title New Bulgaran and became its editor-in-chief. He published in the newspapers People's Youth, Pardon, Novinar and the magazine Caricature.

Plamenov actively contributed to shows broadcast by the Bulgarian National Television and Radio, as well as Bulgarian cinema. His literary work varies from theater plays, crime novels to children's plays, and over 400 scripts TV shows, and 200 scripts for radio shows.

Plamenov died of lung cancer on September 4, 2003.

External links
 http://literaturensviat.com/?p=41099

Category:1951 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:Bulgarian writers
Category:Bulgarian satirists
Category:Bulgarian dramatists and playwrights
Category:Bulgarian screenwriters
Category:Bulgarian journalists


List of Khmer entertainment companies

This is a list of notable companies and people of the Cambodian film and entertainment industry.

Companies
Film and entertainment companies founded after the fall of Khmer Rouge include:

Founded in the 1960s

 TVK (Khmer) (since 1966), Cambodia's original broadcasting station; broadcast in black and white until 1986

Founded in the 1970s

 Pisnoka (1970-1975), owned by actor Vann Vannak, and all films of which he plays the leading male role
 Sovann Kiri (1972-1984), a now-defunct Khmer-Thai joint film company owned by movie stars Dy Saveth and Hui Keung; ran in Cambodia 1972-1975; ran in Hong Kong 1975-1984

Founded in the 1980s

 CM (international film) (since 1985), owned by Sem Sovandeth

Founded in the 1990s

 Angkorwat films (since 1990), owned by Yvette Som
 Reksmey Hang Meas (since 1990)
 SM (since 1990), owned by Mai Sameth

Founded in the 2000s

 Khmer Entertainment Inc. (since 2005), CEO Lim Cheang; an entertainment promotion company targeting Cambodian Americans; sponsors high-profile singers in Cambodia and holds large scale performances in various US cities

People
Notable Cambodian film producers and directors include:

 Fey Som Ang (1989–present), Cambodian film director; also associated with Thai film productions
 Parn Puong Bopha (1989–present), Cambodian film director
 Kong Buncheun, novelist; music composer, producer, and director since the 1950s
 Tea Lum Kang, Chinese-Cambodian film director of the 1970s; directed the Cambodian film Pos Keng Kang
 Huy Kung, Chinese-Cambodian film director of the 1970s and 80s
 Brendan Moriarty (2003-present), American-Cambodian director and producer
 Rithy Panh (1988–present), French-trained Cambodian producer
 Ieu Pannakar, film director since the 1950s and 60s
 Channy Peakdey, film director since 1989; directed the 1994 version of Promatt Promong
 Tim Pek (1975–present), Australian-Cambodia film director and producer
 Dy Saveth, film producer and actress from the 1970s; also associated with Thai film productions
 King Norodom Sihanouk, former king; directed more than 46 Khmer films, 43 of which were produced after his abdication in 1955
 Yvette Som (1990–present), producer of Angkorwat studio films
 Mao Somnang, Cambodian novelist and screenwriter of the 1980s and 90s
 Tat Somnang, Cambodian, singer, producer, and film director of the 1970s
 Vann Vannak, film director and actor from the 1970s

References

Category:Cinema of Cambodia
Entertainment
Khmer


1994 French cantonal elections

Cantonale elections to renew canton general councillors were held in France on 20 and 24 March 1994.

Electoral system

The cantonales elections use the same system as the regional or legislative elections. There is a 10% threshold (10% of registered voters) needed to proceed to the second round.

Change in control

From right to left

 Gironde
 Dordogne
 Réunion

From left to right

Creuse

National results

Sources

E-P

1994
Category:1994 elections in France


Catherine Furet

Catherine Furet (born November 17, 1954) is a French architect and educator. She specializes in public housing.

Born in Mulhouse, she graduated from the École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles in 1980. Furet continued her studies, receiving a Master of Advanced Studies in history from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences and spent two years at the Villa Medici thanks to a grant from the French Academy in Rome. In 1985, she established her own agency. She has also taught at the École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles, at the École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Clermont-Ferrand and at the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville.

In 1984, she published Architectures sans titre.

In 1990, Furet was awarded the Palmarès National de l'Habitat. She was named a Chevalier in the French Legion of Honour in 2000.

References

External links

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Mulhouse
Category:20th-century French architects
Category:21st-century French architects
Category:French women architects
Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur