George Main (horse racing)

George Main (9 July 1879 – 31 August 1948) was an Australian pastoralist and horse breeder, chairman of the Australian Jockey Club (AJC)(later Australian Turf Club) from 1937 to 1945.

History
Main was born in Ardrossan, Scotland, the eldest son of Hugh Main (c. 1831 – 9 August 1885) of Saltcoats, Ayrshire, and educated at Troubridge School, where he was a member of the cadet corps, and shot at Bisley.

He and his brother Hugh were brought out to South Australia by their father in 1884, and had a home "Lisnamorra", Medindie.

Both were educated at Roseworthy Agricultural College.

In 1900 George enlisted in the Bushmen's Contingent, a South Australian volunteer force mobilised to fight in the Boer War. He enlisted with the 7th Contingent in January 1902, at which time he was resident at Victor Harbor.

Their father had two blocks on Kermode Street, North Adelaide, in partnership with Nathaniel Alexander Knox (died 1908) with five two-storey houses, all tenanted. He also owned a city block on the corner of Hurtle Square and Hanson Street with two shops and six houses. These properties were advertised for sale by auction in August  1908, around the time the brothers made the move to Illabo, New South Wales.

The two men established the pastoral property "Retreat" at East Illabo or Bethungra, New South Wales,  south west of Cootamundra, around 1906. Hugh enlisted with the 1st AIF and served in France during WWI, while George managed the property. Pte. Hugh Main returned 1n 1919; his part of the property was often called "Retreat East".

George Main was a successful horse breeder and studmaster. Notable stallions were Featherstitch (1905–1923) by Ayrshire, and Limelight. Featherstitch, whom he purchased in 1909, was imported 1907 by James N. Hart (died 1920), and won the 1909 Tattersall's Stakes at Randwick, and was the sire of many good horses.
Main raced several of his own horses, but unsuccessfully.

He married Mary "Polly" Weston of Kadlinga Station at Mintaro, South Australia on 3 March 1908, and settled down at "Retreat". Their children included Jean Main, who married Clive Caldwell on 13 April 1940. Caldwell would later rise to fame (and a little infamy) as an "ace" RAAF fighter pilot.

Main was elected a member of the AJC in 1911 and elected to the committee in September 1921. He acted as temporary Chairman during the final illness of Sir Colin Stephen, and was elected to the position on 16 September 1937, resigning in November 1945, to be succeeded by A. G. Potter.

He died at "Retreat" on 31 August 1948 and his remains were buried at the Cootamundra Cemetery. He was survived by his wife Mary, sons George and Hugh, and daughters Molly and Agnes "Toots" Main, and Jean Caldwell. His estate was valued at £32,036 for probate purposes.

References

Further reading
 Terry Cowled & Graham Levett (2018), History of Bethungra : community and place.
 Edith Pratt, Helen Hamilton, Illabo Public School. Centenary Committee (1984), A History of the Illabo District to commemorate the centenary of Illabo Public School, 1884-1984.

Category:1879 births
Category:1948 deaths
Category:Australian pastoralists
Category:Australian racehorse owners and breeders
Category:Australian horse racing officials


Anderson Mall

Anderson Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Anderson County, South Carolina.  The mall, which is anchored by Belk, JCPenney, and Dillard's, has  GLA.

History

Anderson Mall opened in March 1972 with 43 stores.  The mall was anchored by department stores: JCPenney, Meyers Arnold, and G.C. Murphy. In 1984 both Belk (then known as Gallant Belk) and Sears closed their Downtown Anderson stores and moved to the newly expanded and renovated mall. This expansion was first announced in 1982. Meyers Arnold was later purchased by Uptons, and after that chain closed, that spot became a Belk Men's & Home store.

In 2007, the Belk Men's & Home store closed, with the Men's store moving into the existing Women's & Kids store.  The Home Store relocated to an adjacent mall space next to the main Belk.  These moves were to make way for a new store, Dillard's, which opened in late 2008. The entire mall and numerous other stores were also remodeled around that time.

On May 28, 2014, Simon Property Group announced that its 98 shopping centers including Anderson Mall would be spun off to a new company called Washington Prime Group.

On May 31, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 72 stores nationwide. The store closed in September 2018.

Anchors
All Anchors are One Level Stores.
Belk (134,639 sq ft.), opened 1984
JCPenney (125,020 sq ft.), opened 1972
Sears (94,959 sq ft.), opened 1984, closed September 2018
Dillard's (108,000 sq ft.), opened 2008

References

External links

Category:Anderson, South Carolina
Category:Shopping malls established in 1972
Category:Shopping malls in South Carolina
Category:Buildings and structures in Anderson County, South Carolina
Category:Tourist attractions in Anderson County, South Carolina
Category:1972 establishments in South Carolina


Shah Alam, Tank

Shah Alam is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Tank District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Tank has 1 Tehsils i.e. Tank. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 16 union councils in district Tank.

See also

 Tank District

External links
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Government website section on Lower Dir
United Nations
Hajjinfo.org Uploads
PBS paiman.jsi.com

Category:Tank District
Category:Populated places in Tank District
Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Category:Union Councils of Tank District


25th Anniversary (Wolfe Tones album)

The 25th Anniversary album is the fifteenth album by the Irish folk and rebel band The Wolfe Tones, released in 1989 by Shanachie Records. It is both a new studio album and a greatest hits release as it features both new recordings unique to this record and featuring recordings from previous albums. New recordings include "Broad Black Brimmer" with an electric guitar and drums played during the final verse, "James Connolly", "Banna Strand", "Monsignor Horan", and "Come Out Ye Black and Tans", among others.

This album was the last to feature founding member Derek Warfield prior to his departure in 2001; it was also the last album to be recorded until the same year due to contract issues.

Track listing

CD One

 "Celtic Symphony"
 "Merry Ploughboy"
 "Women of Ireland
 "Rock on Rockall"
 "The Foggy Dew"
 "James Connolly"
 "The Man From Mullingar"
 "Flow Liffy Waters"
 "First of May"
 "The Piper That Played Before Moses"
 "The Big Strong Man"
 "Janie I'm Nearly Forty"
 "Give Me Your Hand"
 "The Boys of the Old Brigade"
 "Dingle Bay"
 "Monsignor Horan"

CD Two

 "Boston Rose"
 "The Zoological Gardens"
 "The Broad Black Brimmer"
 "Newgrange (Bru Na Boinne)"
 "Treat Me Daughter Kindly"
 "Come Out Ye Black and Tans"
 "Slieve Na Mban"
 "Far Away in Australia"
 "Goodbye"
 "Helicopter Song"
 "An Dord Feinne (Oro Se Do Bhatha Abhaile)"
 "The Merman"
 "The Teddy Bears Head"
 "Banna Stand"
 "Many Young Men of Twenty"
 "The West's Awake"

Category:The Wolfe Tones albums
Category:1989 albums


Oilouch

Oilouch is an island in the Rock Islands of Palau.

References

Category:Islands of Palau
Category:Koror


Mount Paget

Mount Paget is a summit of Allardyce Range on the South Atlantic/Antarctic island of South Georgia. It is the highest peak on the island, and also the highest peak in any territory under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom (except the British Antarctic Territory, which has no permanent population and where British sovereignty is unrecognized by most countries, where Mount Hope is the highest peak), twice the height of Ben Nevis, the highest mountain on the island of Great Britain.

It is a saddle-shaped mountain, marking the highest point of the Allardyce Range in the central part of South Georgia. This feature was known to early sealers and whalers at South Georgia, and the name has long been established through general usage. It is clearly visible from Grytviken and King Edward Point.

References
 Stonehouse, B (ed.) Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans (2002, )

Paget, Mount


Arizona State Route 186

State Route 186 (SR 186) is a highway in Cochise County, Arizona that runs from its junction with Interstate 10 in Willcox to its junction with SR 181 west of the Chiricahua National Monument.  It is a northwest-southeast diagonal route.

Route description
The western terminus of SR 186 is located at Virginia Avenue, west of an interchange with I-10, in Willcox. It heads east beyond I-10 along Rex Allen Drive to an intersection with the I-10 Business Loop. SR 186 heads southwest from this intersection concurrent with I-10 Bus. until it reaches Maley Street. At this intersection, SR 186 follows Maley St. to the southeast as I-10 Bus. continues to the southwest. SR 186 heads southeast from Willcox until it curves towards the east at an intersection with Kansas Settlement Road. The highway continues on this heading until it curves towards the south after passing through Dos Cabezas. The highway curves back towards the southeast until it curves back towards the south near its eastern terminus.  The eastern terminus of SR 186 is located at ain intersection with SR 181 west of the Chiricahua National Monument.

Aside from its endpoint in Willcox, SR 186 passes through only sparsely populated terrain, and there are no other cities or towns along the route.  It serves primarily as an access road for the monument, providing a more convenient route for travelers coming from the north.

History
The route was added the Arizona's state highway system in 1955, when a county road was given rights to the Arizona Department of Transportation. The highway was paved from Willcox southeast for approximately four miles in 1960 before being moved a year later. The highway was then re-extended into the city of Willcox in 1968 and formally established as a state highway in 1970, when the definition of a state highway was refined in 1970. Since then, there have been no routing changes on SR 186.

Junction list

References

186
Category:Transportation in Cochise County, Arizona


Anthony Phillips (offensive lineman)

Anthony Phillips (born July 6, 1966) is an American athlete and businessman who played football at the University of Oklahoma from 1984 until 1988. Twice an All-America pick at offensive guard, he was drafted after his senior year by the NFL's Chicago Bears, but Phillips opted to forgo professional football. Phillips chose a business career instead, and is vice president at Bank of Oklahoma.

Athletic career
Anthony Phillips played for Jenks High School and was selected an All-State defensive tackle. Recruited to the University of Oklahoma to play as a linebacker, Phillips redshirted his first year. As an offensive tackle, the 6'3" 274 lb. freshman Phillips played on the 1985 Oklahoma Sooners national championship squad, joining his older brother Jon, who played defensive tackle.

Phillips was an All-Big Eight conference pick as an offensive tackle during his national championship freshman year, and selected academic All-Big Eight. In 1986, Phillips was switched to offensive guard his sophomore year and was chosen all-conference and All-America at the new position, as well as academic All-Big Eight;  the 1986 Sooners ended the season ranked #2. In his 1987 junior campaign, Phillips returned a starter at offensive guard and was again selected football and academic all-conference; the 1987 Sooners went undefeated during the regular season, but lost the national championship to Miami in the 1988 Orange Bowl. The 1988 Sooners team finished ranked #14, but Phillips was again selected All-Big Eight and consensus All-America, and for the fourth consecutive year, academic all-conference. In addition, in his senior year his commitment to athletics and academics was honored by the College Sports Information Directors of America, selecting him Academic All-America, and the NCAA, naming him one of the Today's Top Six student athletes.

During his four seasons, Phillips had been named academic and athletic All-Big Eight each year of his playing career, one of only three OU football players to achieve that accomplishment. But knee injuries before his senior year made playing in the NFL less likely. Phillips was drafted 333rd in the 1989 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears and attended their spring mini-camp, but he decided against attending their training camp.

Later life
Phillips had already been working at a brokerage firm in Edmond, Oklahoma and joined them full-time after passing a Series 3 securities test. Phillips later joined Bank of Oklahoma and is currently a vice president of business development. He lives in Tulsa with his wife and three children.

References

Category:Living people
Category:1966 births
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:All-American college football players
Category:21st-century American businesspeople
Category:American football offensive guards
Category:Oklahoma Sooners football players
Category:People from Jenks, Oklahoma
Category:Players of American football from Oklahoma


2015 BNP Paribas Masters

The 2015 BNP Paribas Masters was a professional tennis tournament that was played on indoor hard courts. It was the 44th edition of the tournament, and part of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took take place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, between 31 October and 8 November 2015.

Points and prize money

Point distribution
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|-
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|style="width:85px; background:#ff0;"|
|style="width:85px; background:#ffebcd;"|
|style="width:85px; background:#afeeee;"|Round of 16
|style="width:85px; background:#afeeee;"|Round of 32
|style="width:85px; background:#afeeee;"|Round of 64
|width=85|
|width=85|
|width=85|
|-
!style="background:#ededed;"| Singles
|rowspan=2|1000
|rowspan=2|600
|rowspan=2|360
|rowspan=2|180
|rowspan=2|90
|45
|10
|25
|16
|0
|-
!style="background:#ededed;"| Doubles
|0
|
|
|
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Prize money

Singles main draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of 26 October 2015

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Pierre-Hugues Herbert
  Nicolas Mahut
  Lucas Pouille

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Aljaž Bedene
  Pablo Carreño Busta
  Marcel Granollers
  Dušan Lajović
  Édouard Roger-Vasselin
  Lukáš Rosol

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
  Teymuraz Gabashvili

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Philipp Kohlschreiber → replaced by  Teymuraz Gabashvili
  Milos Raonic → replaced by  Jiří Veselý
  Tommy Robredo → replaced by  Adrian Mannarino

Retirements
  Kei Nishikori (side abdominal injury)

Doubles main draw entrants

Seeds

 Rankings are as of 26 October 2015

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Fabrice Martin /  Lucas Pouille
  Paul-Henri Mathieu /  Benoît Paire

The following pair received entry as alternates:
  Pablo Cuevas /  Marcel Granollers

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Fabio Fognini (ankle injury)

Champions

Singles

  Novak Djokovic def.  Andy Murray, 6–2, 6–4

Doubles

  Ivan Dodig /  Marcelo Melo''' def.  Vasek Pospisil /  Jack Sock, 2–6, 6–3, [10–5]

References

External links
Official Website

BNP Paribas Masters
Category:Paris Masters

Category:2015 in French sport


Rudolf Nébald

Rudolf Nébald (born 7 September 1952) is a Hungarian fencer who won a bronze medal in the team sabre competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow together with György Nébald, Ferenc Hammang, Imre Gedővári and Pál Gerevich.

References

Category:1952 births
Category:Living people
Category:Hungarian male fencers
Category:Fencers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic fencers of Hungary
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Hungary
Category:Sportspeople from Budapest
Category:Olympic medalists in fencing
Category:Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics


1999 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race

The 1999 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, sponsored by Telstra, was the 55th annual running of the "blue water classic" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. As in past editions of the race, it was hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales.  As with previous Sydney to Hobart Yacht Races, the 1999 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1999), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170 km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.

The 1999 fleet comprised 79 starters of which 49 completed the race and 30 yachts retired.

Results

Line Honours results (Top 10)

Handicap results (Top 10)

References

Category:Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
S
Category:1999 in Australian sport
Category:December 1999 sports events in Oceania
Category:January 2000 sports events in Oceania


Telimenochora

Telimenochora is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Telimenochora abortiva.

References

External links
Index Fungorum

Category:Phyllachorales
Category:Monotypic Sordariomycetes genera


Musselburgh and Fisherrow Co-operative Society

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Musselburgh and Fisherrow Co-operative Society Limited (M&F Co-op) was a retail consumer co-operative trading in Musselburgh and Dalkeith, in East Lothian, Scotland.   It was founded as a co-operative in 1862, and, in 2007, joined the small number of UK co-operative retailers to demutualize.

In the years immediately prior to demutualizing, M&F Co-op ran a funeral business, a food shop and department store in Musselburgh, and also invested in commercial property, including shops and a leisure complex at Fisherrow harbour.  It converted into a private company limited by shares called M & F (Scotland) Limited.

Demutualization

M&F Co-op made headlines as one of a very few retail members of the British co-operative movement to demutualize.

2005 demutualization attempt
{{Quote box
 | quote  =
'Demutualization of UK co-operatives
 Demutualization of a co-operative is sometimes known as conversion or privatization, and involves the consumer members surrendering their “one member one vote” democratic control of the business, in exchange for a windfall of cash, or shares of a joint stock company.
The stock company acquires control of the business, and ownership of its assets.
The most notable demutualization plan of a UK retail co-operative was the 1997 failed hostile takeover bid for the Co-operative Wholesale Society by Andrew Regan.
A number of the UK's agricultural supply co-operatives that engage in retailing demutualized successfully in the late 20th century.
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}}

A 2005 attempt by M&F Co-op to demutualize was halted by a Court of Session interdict, and resulted in an investigation by the Financial Services Authority (FSA), the regulator for Industrial and Provident Societies such as M&F Co-op.
The petition for interdict, which was made by eight members opposing demutualization, including former president George Cunningham, alleged 19 governance irregularities, including conflicts of interest and an inquorate board of directors, as three of the six directors had resigned in preceding weeks.
The FSA investigation reported in 2006 that M&F Co-op's democratic governance had not been functioning effectively.

2007 demutualization
The board called a further members meeting for June 2007 to vote on a demutualization resolution.
In September 2007, the M&F Co-op incorporated a private limited company, M & F (Scotland) Limited, and transferred its assets and obligations to it, deregistering as an Industrial and Provident Society on 1 October 2007.Co-operative News'' reported that M&F Co-op had technically demutualized and was no longer eligible for membership of Co-operatives UK, due to its articles granting voting rights on the proportion of shares owned rather than the fundamental co-operative principle of one member one vote.

Operations
M&F Co-op operated a food store and a non-food department store in Musselburgh High Street, a commercial property business, and funeral services in Musselburgh and Dalkeith.
In January 2006, M&F Co-op had net assets of £6,745,943.

It built and operated the Quayside restaurant and leisure complex overlooking Fisherrow harbour, which opened in 1992.
It sold it in 2007 to leisure entrepreneur Charan Gill, who refurbished it and renamed it The Quay.
The commercial property business also leased shops.

Co-operative movement
In 2007, it was the smallest retail consumer co-operative in Scotland, by number of shops.
Along with the much larger Scotmid, Lothian Borders & Angus, and The Co-operative Group, the movement had five such co-operatives in Scotland.
M&F Co-op and Clydebank Co-operative Society were the only two that had not merged into a regional or national co-operative by that time.

In 1993, M&F Co-op's president George Cunningham, (who petitioned the Court of Session for the 2005 interdict that delayed demutualization,) was president of the Co-operative Congress, considered the highest honour in the British co-operative movement.

The Co-operative Group owns and operates a pharmacy in Musselburgh High Street, and an Alldays convenience store in Clayknowes Road, that are not affiliated with M&F Co-op.

References

External links

Category:Consumers' co-operatives of the United Kingdom
Category:Companies based in East Lothian
Category:Funeral directors in the United Kingdom
Category:Demutualized organizations
Category:Former co-operatives of the United Kingdom
Category:Musselburgh
Category:1862 establishments in Scotland
Category:Organizations established in 1862
Category:Co-operatives in Scotland


Tambovka

Tambovka () is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Tambovka, Amur Oblast, a selo in Tambovsky Rural Settlement of Tambovsky District of Amur Oblast
Tambovka, Astrakhan Oblast, a selo in Tambovsky Selsoviet of Kharabalinsky District of Astrakhan Oblast
Tambovka, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Polyakovsky Selsoviet of Davlekanovsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Tambovka, Sargatsky District, Omsk Oblast, a village in Verblyuzhensky Rural Okrug of Sargatsky District of Omsk Oblast
Tambovka, Sedelnikovsky District, Omsk Oblast, a village in Yevlantyevsky Rural Okrug of Sedelnikovsky District of Omsk Oblast
Tambovka, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Khleborobnoye Rural Settlement of Tselinsky District of Rostov Oblast
Tambovka, Samara Oblast, a selo in Bolsheglushitsky District of Samara Oblast
Tambovka, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Fyodorovsky District of Saratov Oblast
Tambovka, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Anokhinskoye Rural Settlement of Talovsky District of Voronezh Oblast
Tambovka, Ternovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Tambovskoye Rural Settlement of Ternovsky District of Voronezh Oblast


Sense of Place

Sense of place: a response to an environment: the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia is a 1972 book by George Seddon. It documents Seddon's struggle to understand the Swan Coastal Plain, a biogeographic region that he initially found harsh and unwelcoming. It includes information on landforms, climate, geology, soils, flora, the Swan River, the coast, offshore islands, wetlands, and urban areas. This information is, however, essentially presented in a literary style; in the words of Mark Tredinnick: "This is the kind of geography an essayist writes. This is the kind of essay a literate scientist writes. This is a literary natural history."

In Australia it is considered a landmark environmental publication. Among its claims to influence is having given modern currency to the term sense of place. Although Seddon did not coin the phrase, it was this book that introduced the phrase into the fields of landscape and environmental design.

References

Category:1972 non-fiction books
Category:Natural history of Western Australia
Category:Australian non-fiction books
Category:Books about Australian natural history
Category:Western Australian literature
Category:Books about Western Australia
Category:Environmental non-fiction books
Category:1972 in the environment
Category:Swan Coastal Plain
Category:UWA Publishing books


Starr Labs

Starr Labs is a musical instrument manufacturer that was founded in 1986 in San Diego, California by musician and inventor Harvey Starr, former singer and guitarist with 1960s' band The Richard Kent Style of Manchester, England.

The company manufactures a diverse product line of MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) interactive guitars, keyboards, percussion and unique music devices for professional musicians, semi-pro musicians, and music students. Current products include: Ztars keyboards guitar electronics.

The company also offers custom versions of their products for professional musicians. The guitar products range from the simple RockController, a six-string, full-fretted neck controller for music-based video games to their high-end Z6S.

References

External links
Starr Labs Official website

Category:Guitar manufacturing companies of the United States
Category:Companies based in San Diego
Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1986
Category:Manufacturing companies based in California
Category:1986 establishments in California


Juan Carlos Sanhueza

Juan Carlos Sanhueza Gómez (born May 17, 1989 in Chile) is a Chilean footballer currently playing for Ñublense of the Primera División B in Chile.

Teams
  Ñublense 2007-2008
  Colchagua 2009-2010
  Unión Santa María 2011
  Ñublense 2012–present

References
 Profile at BDFA

Category:1989 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chilean footballers
Category:Ñublense footballers
Category:Unión Santa María footballers
Category:Deportes Colchagua footballers
Category:Chilean Primera División players
Category:Primera B de Chile players

Category:Association footballers not categorized by position


Mowi

Mowi ASA, formerly known as Marine Harvest ASA (until January 1, 2019), (Pan Fish prior to February 6, 2007), is a Norwegian seafood company with operations in a number of countries around the world. The company's primary interest is fish farming, primarily salmon, the operations of which are focused on Norway, Scotland, Canada, the Faroe Islands, Ireland and Chile. The group has a share of 25 to 30% of the global salmon and trout market, making it the world's largest company in the sector. Mowi also owns a 'value added processing' unit, which prepares and distributes a range of seafood products, and a number of smaller divisions.

The company assumed its current form as a result of massive expansion in 2006, when Pan Fish ASA conducted an effective three-way merger with Marine Harvest N.V. and Fjord Seafood. The group is headquartered in Bergen and is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the benchmark OBX Index,

History

Constituent companies

Marine Harvest

The first company to use the name Marine Harvest was founded in Lochailort, Scotland by Unilever in 1965 at the outset of the Atlantic salmon farming industry. Unilever had been developing farming methods at a research facility there. The company began operations in Chile in 1975, where fishmeal raw material, originally supplying the chicken protein farming industry, started developing alternative markets in salmon and shrimp proteins.  In 1992, Unilever sold the business to Lord's Hanson and White, together with Ground Round restaurants, Tommy Armour golf clubs and a tuna processor in Long Island California. Marine Harvest International (MHI) IPO on the Amex made it the first pure aquaculture play on the global stock markets. Two years later Booker Plc took the company private with the MHI shrimp division, in Ecuador, being sold to Pronaca (an Ecuadorian feed company). With ownership of the company passing to Booker plc it was merged with Booker's aquaculture subsidiary, McConnell Salmon. After deciding to divest Marine Harvest McConnell so as to concentrate on its core cash and carry business in 1998, Booker eventually succeeded in finding a buyer in July 1999. The Dutch-based nutrition firm Nutreco acquired the unit for GB£ 32.7 million, adding it to its fish food and salmon farming unit. Nutreco's initial attempt to further expand into the fish farming sector by acquiring the seafood arm of Norsk Hydro was blocked on the recommendation of the United Kingdom Competition Commission in late 2000, but the deal was approved in March 2001 after Nutreco agreed not to acquire Hydro Seafood's Scottish assets.

Nutreco retained the name Marine Harvest for the unit's fish farming operations, and established interests in the emerging farmed cod, halibut, yellowtail and barramundi markets. In May 2005, Nutreco merged its fish-farming operations with the salmon, trout, halibut, tilapia, cod, sturgeon and caviar businesses of Stolt-Nielsen, creating a new stand-alone company, again named Marine Harvest. Nutreco held a 75% stake in the joint venture, with Stolt taking the remainder.

Pan Fish
Pan Fish Holding AS was founded in 1992 with a strategy to acquire many fish farms domestically and abroad. By 1997 the firm had made numerous acquisitions and opted to list on the Oslo Stock Exchange as Pan Fish ASA. However, the company had borrowed heavily to finance its rapid growth—by the end of 2001, debts had reached over NOK 4.7 billion. When the market price of salmon collapsed in 2001, Pan Fish encountered extreme financial difficulties, posting a heavy loss in 2002, and having to sell off assets in order to repay creditors. A major refinancing operation implemented in late 2002 coincided with the dismissal of the entire board of directors, including founder and CEO Arne Nore. The company slowly recovered over the following years, returning to profitability in 2005.

Fjord Seafood
Fjord Seafood has its origins in Torgnes Invest, a company founded in June 1996 which initially operated a single fish farm in the Norwegian town of Brønnøysund. Expansion over the following four years was aggressive—by September 2000, when Fjord Seafood (as it was now called) listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange, the company's portfolio comprised 60 ongrowing concessions, of which 50 were wholly owned, as well as a number of smolt and broodstock farms, slaughterhouses and processing factories. Fjord continued to conduct mergers and acquisitions - the purchase of Belgian fish-processing company Pieters N.V. in November 2000 was swiftly followed by the addition of ContiSea, the seafood joint-venture of ContiGroup and Seaboard Corporation.

As with Pan Fish, poor market conditions saw Fjord's share price worsen dramatically in 2001, and with it the ability to pay off its debts. The company's future was only secured thanks to a NOK 700 million bail out from major shareholders that September. Attempts to grow the company through merger and acquisitions were also frustrated—a planned merger with the aquaculture businesses of Domstein (then the biggest shareholder of Fjord) and state-controlled Cermaq was aborted in June 2002 after opposition from parties including ContiGroup and Seaboard, who controlled over 20% of shares between them. Nevertheless, Fjord stabilised its financial position through restructuring and cost-cutting measures.

Merger
Moves toward consolidation in the aquaculture sector were sparked by the activity of shipping magnate John Fredriksen, Norway's richest man before abandoning his citizenship of the country in 2006. Fredriksen's first major move into the industry came in the second quarter of 2005, when Domstein's 24% stake in Fjord Seafood was sold to his investment vehicle Geveran Trading. Around the same time, Pan Fish announced that two companies indirectly controlled by Fredriksen had acquired a combined 48% of the company's outstanding shares. In October of that year, with salmon prices high, Fjord submitted an offer for a majority stake in Cermaq to the Norwegian Government, which was preparing it for a public listing. However, as with the first merger attempt in 2002, Fjord failed in its bid—this time the offer was rejected by the Government.

Fredriksen's efforts to effect change finally bore fruit in March 2006, as Geveran Trading succeeded in purchasing Marine Harvest from its joint owners for €881 million, before immediately turning ownership over to Pan Fish. Geveran also sold its stake in Fjord Seafood to Pan Fish at the same time. With its remaining shares purchased by Pan Fish, Fjord Seafood de-listed from the Oslo Stock Exchange on 6 July 2006. With regulatory hurdles in the United Kingdom and France cleared, the Marine Harvest group was brought under the control of Pan Fish by the end of 2006. To allow the merger to go ahead, the sale of the former Pan Fish Scotland division was agreed with the regulatory authorities. After an initial deal to sell the unit to Norskott Havbruk, owners of rival company Scottish Sea Farms, was called off in July 2007, Pan Fish Scotland was spun off into a separate publicly traded entity, Lighthouse Caledonia, that November.

Geveran Trading held a 28% stake in the company upon completion of the merger, a shareholding which has since increased to almost 30% as of March 2009.

Change in identity
With the creation of a much enlarged company complete, the Pan Fish management announced a complete change in its identity in December 2006. The firm's new brand was chosen to reflect each of its three main constituents: "Marine Harvest" was again revived as the new name for the company, and the Fjord Seafood slogan "excellence in seafood" and a reworked version of the Pan Fish motif were also included in the new logo. Atle Eide, CEO of Pan Fish from 2003, continued in his position, but resigned in September 2007 for personal reasons. Eide was replaced on an interim basis by Leif Frode Onarheim, before the CEO position was filled permanently by former GE Healthcare executive Åse Aulie Michelet in March 2008. Michelet was unexpectedly removed from her position in March 2010 and was replaced by former Lerøy Seafood CEO Alf-Helge Aarskog.
In recent years Marine Harvest has also purchased Morpol

Operations

Mowi produces Atlantic salmon, halibut and white fish. The company has an integrated value chain, with the company making its own broodstock in freshwater, followed by growth and maturing in seawater, harvesting, manufacturing in processing plants and distribution. Production peaked in 2015 at 420,148 metric tonnes (gutted weight) of salmonids with figures for more recent years being slightly lower

Brand names used are Delifish (smoked fish from Chile), Ducktrap (smoked, in the United States), Clare Island Organic Salmon (from Ireland), Donegal Silver Salmon (from Ireland), Kendall Brook (salmon), Kritsen (smoked, in France), La Couronne (smoked, in Belgium), Pieters (distribution), Sterling White Halibut (from Norway), Xalar (salmon oil from Norway).

Production locations

Europe
In Norway, in addition to the corporate headquarters in Bergen and sales offices, Marine Harvest operates about 100 seawater sites along the coast. These are supplemented with 28 fresh water sites, two broodstock plants (in Bjugn and Askøy), two hatcheries (in Øygarden and Rørvik) and four processing plants in (Eggesbønes, Herøy and Ryfisk and Ulvan).

In Scotland, Mowi operates 25 sea farms, plus three hatcheries (in Lochailort, Finfish and Inchmore), four freshwater loch sites, a harvest station in Mallaig and a processing plant in Fort William. Head office is in Rosyth and all produce is atlantic salmon. There is also a processing plant located in Rosyth.

In the Faroe Islands, Marine Harvest operates fresh water sites in Hellur, and sea water sites in Oyndarfjørður, Haldarsvík, Hósvík and Kollafjørður. Produce is Atlantic salmon.

In Ireland, Mowi operates one broodstock plant, two hatcheries, three fresh water sites, twelve sea water sites, three processing plants, all but four sea water sites in County Donegal, the latter being in County Mayo. Output is atlantic salmon. Mowi also runs a salmon farm in Castletownbere and Inishfarnard.

America

In Chile, Mowi operates 53 sea water and 22 fresh water sites, in addition to four processing plants (in Calbuco, Chiloé, Puerto Montt and Santiago). Regional head office is located in Puerto Montt, and output is salmon, trout, coho and salar.

In British Columbia, Canada, Mowi operates two processing plants, seven hatcheries and 37 sea water sites near five towns in British Columbia: Campbell River, Port McNeill, Port Hardy, Quatsino and Klemtu. Produce is atlantic salmon.

In Atlantic Canada, New Brunswick and Newfoundland, Mowi purchased one hatchery and two fishing licenses in New Brunswick and a processing plant along with seven fishing licenses in Newfoundland in February 2017.

Processing and sales
In France, processing and distribution plants are located in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Challans, Lorient, Châteaugiron, Dunkerque, Poullaouen and Landivisiau. These support an extensive sales force throughout the country. In Belgium, processing and distribution plants are located in Bruges and Ostend. In the Netherlands, there is one processing plant in Lemmer. Additional European sales offices are located in Bologna, Italy, and Madrid, Spain.

In the United States, one processing plant is located in Maine, Another plant in Arlington (Texas) with a plant and sales offices in Miami. In Asia, sales offices are located in Singapore; Beijing, China; Tokyo, Japan; Taipei, Taiwan, and Busan, South Korea.

Criticisms
Mowi has been criticised for destroying a large part of the weir Murray's Cauld on the Ettrick Water in Selkirk, Scotland, through what has been claimed to be inaction. The company sold its nearby fish farm to a local businessman for £1 in July 2008, who has since been given permission to commence repair work on the weir.

Mowi's operations have been severely affected in the south of Chile, where millions of fish have died by the disease infectious salmon anemia. The rapid propagation of the virus has motivated the enterprise to sell some of its facilities, firing more than a thousand employees, with the aim of moving its installations further south to the Aisén Region. Parasitic, viral and fungal infections are all disseminated when the fish are stressed and the centres are too close together, and a spokesman for Marine Harvest recognized that his company was using too many antibiotics in Chile and that fish pens were too close, contributing to the dissemination of the ISA virus. Norwegian scientist Are Nylund has suggested that Marine Harvest introduced the ISA virus to the region by importing infected eggs from Norway.

In January 2017 Private Eye reported that Mowi had been depositing large quantities of the insecticide azamethiphos into Scottish waters to control sea lice in salmon. The Global Alliance Against Industrial Aquaculture called for the drug to be banned, citing risks to other species. Mowi had been responsible for the majority of an estimated 400 kg of the insecticide placed into Scottish waters in 2016.

In April 2019 Irish minister for marine Michael Creed discontinued a fish farm license held by Mowi in County Kerry for overstocking

References

External links

Category:Seafood companies of Norway
Category:Companies based in Oslo
Category:Companies established in 2006
Category:Companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange


1894 California Golden Bears football team

The 1894 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1894 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach Charles O. Gill and compiled a record of 0–1–2.

Schedule

References

California
Category:California Golden Bears football seasons
Category:College football winless seasons
California Football


Jim Middelburg

Jim Middelburg (born 6 January 1993) is a Dutch male badminton player. Born in Delft, Middelburg had been training in DKC badminton club, then he moved to VELO. In 2011, he won bronze medal at the European Junior Badminton Championships in mixed doubles event with his partner Soraya de Visch Eijbergen.

Achievements

European Junior Championships
Mixed Doubles

BWF International Challenge/Series
Men's Doubles

Mixed Doubles

 BWF International Challenge tournament
 BWF International Series tournament
 BWF Future Series tournament

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:1993 births
Category:Sportspeople from Delft
Category:Dutch male badminton players


126th Armed Police Mobile Division (People's Republic of China)

The 126th Division was a division deployed by the People's Republic of China.

History
The 126th Division was a military formation deployed by the People's Republic of China as part of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) or Chinese Communist Forces (CCF)) during the Korean War. It had a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. It was a component of the 42nd Army, consisting of the 376th, 377th, and 378th Regiments.

Current
The division became a PAP unit (1970s-1980s).

References

Category:Infantry divisions of the People's Volunteer Army
Category:Units and formations of the People's Armed Police


Kenneth Bowman Watson

Lieutenant Kenneth Bowman Watson  was a Canadian World War I flying ace. He was credited with nine aerial victories. On 9 October 1918, he achieved the extraordinary feat of capturing two enemy airplanes during a dogfight.

Personal life
Kenneth Bowman Watson was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on 5 June 1897. He died on 5 March 1960. Watson is buried in Bethesda Lutheran Cemetery, Markham, Ontario, Canada. His wife, Hilda V. Darby Watson, is buried there with him.

World War I
Watson underwent his aviation training while still in Canada. He was posted overseas to France in 1917. On 13 August 1917, Watson was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps. He trained as a fighter pilot and was initially assigned to No. 28 Squadron in Italy. However, Watson would not achieve his first aerial success until after his transfer to No. 70 Squadron in France. After becoming an ace on 8 October, he scored two victories the following day. In an extraordinary feat, he singlehandedly drove down a Fokker D.VII and its German pilot into captivity and simultaneously cooperated with four other British pilots in a second capture of a D.VII and pilot. Watson earned the Distinguished Flying Cross for his valor, though not for the twin captivities. The DFC would not be promulgated until after war's end.

List of aerial victories
See also Aerial victory standards of World War I

Post World War I
Watson's Distinguished Flying Cross was gazetted on 8 February 1919:

On 28th October, when on offensive patrol, this officer took part in an engagement between six of our machines and twenty-two Fokkers. In the combat that ensued four of the latter were destroyed, Lieut. Watson accounting for one. In addition to the foregoing he has four other machines to his credit.

On 12 July 1919 Kenneth Bowman Watson transferred to the unemployed list of the Royal Air Force and vanished into obscurity for the remainder of his life.

References

Category:1897 births
Category:1960 deaths
Category:People from Hamilton, Ontario
Category:Canadian World War I flying aces
Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)


Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria

Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) is a body established by the Act of the National Assembly of Nigeria in July 2010 with an intended 10 years lifespan. The concept is in consonance with the operation of the National Asset Management Agency of the Republic of Ireland and Malaysia Pengurusan Danaharta.
The body acted as the buyer of banks for the Nigerian Government by acquiring the non-performing loans (NPL). The original book value of the acquired NPLs was  ₦4.02trillion at a price of ₦1.76trillion with a commensurate issue of Zero Bond for the NPL acquired.

Background
As a result of global financial crisis and domestic events, the federal government of Nigeria through the operation of Central Bank of Nigeria conceptualized the idea for the establishment of a body that will prevent the looming financial crisis in the country. At the time of the establishment of this corporation, the body identified 10 banks with crisis in system asset and responded by the injection of ₦736 billion liquidity to buy up their assets. Among the 10 banks only three banks were unable to meet up and were finally acquired by AMCON and tagged as Bridged Banks: Mainstreet Bank, Keystone Bank and Enterprise Bank. In 2013,  the management of the International Monetary Fund through their report advised the Federal Government of Nigeria to stop the operations of AMCON in order to avoid future financial challenges. The founding Managing Director of the organisation was sacked by President Muhammadu Buhari because the presidency believed that sales of acquired banks lack transparency

Operations

The Act establishing the body permits, as part of its operation to set aside a sinking fund with an annual  ₦50 billion contribution by the Central Bank of Nigeria and 0.3% of total asset value of all the commercial banks over the useful life of the corporation. The money from this fund would be used to purchase FG securities and the returns from this investment will be returned to the account and then redistributed among the contributing commercial banks. The fund is administered by consortium of members from the participating banks which will be rotated annually to allow even participation among the participating banks. The House of Representatives of Nigeria in his submission in 2015, queried the excess debt accumulation by the body

External links
  Official Website

References

Category:Banking in Nigeria


Lada Samara

The VAZ-2108, known as the Lada Samara in much of Western Europe (codenamed and later officially badged as the Lada Sputnik in its native Russia), was a series of small family cars produced by Soviet/Russian vehicle manufacturer AvtoVAZ under the Lada brand between 1984 and 2013. The model name Samara originally was used only for exported models, in the Soviet Union the same model was called Sputnik ("fellow traveler", "satellite") until 1991, when the sedan version of the Samara entered in production, using the export name. It was the first front-wheel drive serial car built in the Soviet Union after the LuAZ-969V. The Samara had been modified and restyled during the years of production before it was finally discontinued in December 2013.

Introduction
 The Samara was to build on the success of the traditional Fiat 124-based range, by providing a car that combined a robust build and ease of maintenance with a modern style. It was produced in various three, four and five-door designs with 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5-litre petrol engines. Lada had hoped that the Samara would enable it to compete for sales in the mainstream European car market. It was the second autonomous design from AvtoVAZ (the first was the Niva SUV), and the first Lada car not based on the Fiat-derived mechanicals.

Development

VAZ had made their first front-wheel drive prototype, the VAZ-1101, in the early 1970s. The engine from the Fiat 127 was used. Further development of this project led to the  Ladoga three-door hatchback prototype in 1976. The decision to build the Samara was taken on 16 September 1978, the intention being to build a car with strong potential sales in Western European export markets. Proposals for a distinctive saloon, four-door, and both three- and five-door hatchback were considered; it was decided instead the saloon should share the three-door hatchback's sheetmetal forward the C-pillar. (Design work on the four-door went toward the VAZ-2110 instead.) During its development, VAZ designers paid careful attention to the contemporary Renault 9, Volkswagen Golf, Ford Escort Mark III, Opel Kadett, and Volvo 340, which would be the new VAZ-2108's main competitors. Front suspension was MacPherson struts, rear by torsion bar. It also had rack and pinion steering, another Soviet first.

On December 31, 1979, the first VAZ-2108 prototype was completed. It strongly resembled the earlier Ladoga, and the VAZ-1106 saloon. While named Sputnik at home, it was more commonly known as the Vos'merka ("Eighth") after the last digit in the model code. The export version was named after the Samara River, a tributary to the Volga. The first cars left the production line on 18 December 1984. These, the three-door hatchbacks (the only model available at first), were powered by a belt-driven SOHC  inline-four, and were fitted with a four-speed gearbox. The three-door was joined by a five-door, and by models with  (a destroked version of the 1288) or  (a bored-out 1288) engines. (The head was developed in co-operation with Porsche, though most Western observers assumed Porsche's involvement went beyond just engines, and the carburetors in connection with Solex.)

In 1987, the model range was joined by the 21083, with a   engine and five-speed gearbox, and the 21081, with a  . The 1099 was an export-only variant. Top speeds were  (1099),  (1288) and  (1499); fuel economy was  (1099),  (1288), or  (1499). VAZ also debuted the 2109 five-door hatchback that year, also available with the , , and . In 1989, the 21099 saloon followed, which had a new bonnet, grille, wings, and -longer rear overhang, as well as an improved dashboard. The 21099's front-end styling was adopted on the 2109 in 1992 and the 2108 in 1994.

A number of other minor alterations followed, including fuel-injected engines to meet emissions regulations in export markets. On the earlier Samaras the front clip had been a separate piece, surrounding the headlights. On the sedan version, the fenders go all the way up to the headlights and the lip of the bonnet dips between the headlights and meets the slimmer grille. Full production of the 21099 began in December 1990, with models 210993 (1288), 21099 (1499). The saloon, intended as a premium model compared to the hatchback, was given a distinctive branding in some export markets: Diva (Belgium), Sagona (France), Forma (Germany). Belgium also offered a locally built convertible. The 1.1 and 1.3 were eventually taken out of production, having already been withdrawn from export markets.

Special models
A Wankel engined Samara three-door hatchback, the 2108-91, powered by a two-rotor VAZ-415 (with two  rotors) was sold in Russia only, and only in very small numbers. With a five-speed gearbox, it was priced at a staggering 56,000 rubles. Due to severe reliability problems, this remained rare, most commonly bought by police and other agencies to use as a pursuit vehicle, for which its  top speed was ideal; it was capable of  in eight seconds. The subsequent 2109-91 five-door hatchback had the same VAZ-415 and gearbox.

There were also a rear-engined Samara 4x4 rally car, also known as the NAMI 0290, built for the 1985 Soyuz Rally; it had permanent four-wheel drive and a   Zhiguli-based engine, over the rear axle. It was nicknamed Appelsin ("orange", for its paint), and used ZAZ-1102 doors (though the body was mostly fiberglass, weighing only ) and, surprisingly, factory Samara wheels.

The 1987 mid-engined Samara-EVA had a turbocharged 16-valve  engine (with electronic fuel injection) of ; a naturally-aspirated version produced . The only thing left untouched was the original Zhuguli 2106 block.

An even more powerful Samara S-Proto appeared in 1989, putting out . Most notably, the Samara T3 came seventh in the 1990 Paris-Dakar Rally and fifth in 1991, piloted by Jacky Ickx. The T3 did not contain many Samara parts however, using the Porsche 959's four-wheel drive system and a 3.6-litre Porsche flat-six. It was developed by French concessionaire Lada-Poch together with NAMI and the Tupolev aircraft factory. In the mid-1980s Lada developed its first ever convertible car on its own, then actually entering production and quickly exported to most European countries, called the Lada Natasha Cabriolet, a four-seater convertible that was based on the popular Samara 1300/1500 models with a manual opening and closing canvas roof. Also in some European car markets the LADA Niva 4X4 1600 cc engine was also available for both the Lada Natasha and Lada Samara cars during the 1990s.

Exports

The Samara was sold all across the world, from Australia to Canada, in most European countries and throughout the COMECON sphere. The build quality of the Samara was better than that of most Eastern European models. In most nations, versions and equipments were decided on and installed by the dealers themselves. These local varieties ranged from decals and badges to the convertible conversions offered in Belgium and Germany. The Samara was often sold under other names as well, in particular the VAZ 21099 (Samara Sedan), which was sold as the Sagona (France, Canada, and Spain), Diva (Belgium and the Netherlands), Forma (Germany) and Sable (Australia and New Zealand).

It was engineered in right-hand drive for the UK market, where it was sold from November 1987. It was sold there until VAZ withdrew from the UK market in July 1997, and was the most popular Lada model sold in the UK during the 23 years that the brand was sold there.

In certain markets where the tax structure benefited diesels (such as France and the Benelux), the Samara was available with a 1.5-litre Peugeot diesel engine in 1995–97.

With VAZ facing financial hardships in 1996–1997, exports began coming to a halt. The Lada Samara disappeared from Canada after the 1997 model year, leaving the Niva as the only Lada sold in Canada for the 1998 model year. Exports to Australia and Great Britain ended around the same time. The biggest problem was GM's reluctance to sell the fuel-injection kits necessary for exports, as they doubted VAZ's ability to pay. Faced with parts shortages, tax problems, and the chaos and criminality of Russia in the mid-nineties, export efforts languished and RHD production was no longer feasible.

As a partial response to this situation, a higher-quality version for the European market, the Lada EuroSamara or Samara Baltic in some markets, was assembled in Finland at the Valmet Automotive plant in Uusikaupunki. Production started in mid-1996 and ended in July 1998, with 14,000 cars made from 85 per cent Russian parts.

British market
The United Kingdom had to wait nearly three years for the Samara to go on sale, after its launch in the USSR, but sales were reasonably strong when the first versions of the car left forecourts, in November 1987.

In a road test conducted by The Motor magazine, it scored more than 5 points out of 10 in most aspects and was praised for having a remarkably extensive list of standard equipment, “impressive” engine, good visibility and performance for its price segment, lowered fuel consumption, being good at cornering and “tolerably quiet”, but also received criticism for having a cheap-looking interior and plastic mouldings and being “very turbulent” on poor roads.

The £4,795 price at introduction "was much less expensive" than the competing Peugeot 309 or Ford Escort 1300. The Samara remained on sale in the United Kingdom right up to July 4, 1997, when the decision was made to withdraw from Great Britain and most other export markets.
In countries where ruggedness was more important, it was more successful, selling reasonably well in Canada, Australia, and Finland for instance.

The attempt to appeal to a wider clientele failed; while an improvement over previous Ladas, the Samara's higher price pitched it against stiffer West European competition.

By the time of the Samara's launch, the British small family car market was effectively split into two segments: The large mainstream market was dominated by mass-market manufacturers, such as Ford, Vauxhall, and Volkswagen. The budget market consisted of Eastern European and Far Eastern brands, such as Škoda, FSO, Hyundai, and Proton.

The aging Samara came bottom of the annual 1996 and 1997 JD Power and Top Gear surveys in Great Britain. In countries where ruggedness was more important, it did manage some success, selling reasonably well in Canada, Australia, and Finland for instance.

Versions
Initially sold as a three- or five-door hatchback with a 1.3 petrol engine, a 1.5 version became available in October 1988. Metallic paint became an option for the first time in November 1989 when the 1.5 SLX was launched. A new entry-level model arrived in July 1990 when the 1.1 petrol engine was added to the range (Select or L). An updated version of the Samara was launched in April 1991, with all new trim levels. This was followed by the introduction of the VAZ 21099 saloon version 15 months later. The saloon also became available as a sporty 1.5 "Juno" from July 1994, featuring alloy wheels, swoopy, ill-fitting sideskirts and a rear spoiler. A fuel injected engine became available on the 1.3 and 1.5 models in August 1996.

Australian market

The Samara was introduced into the Australian market in July 1988, and was offered in three-door and convertible body styles. A three-door variant called the Bizivan was also offered, which was sold without rear seats in order to qualify as a commercial van, and therefore, lower import duties. In 1990, the range was pared down to a single five-door model, marketed as the Lada Cevaro. The 3-door returned in 1994 as the Lada Volante and the four-door was introduced as the Lada Sable. Imports had ceased by 1996.

In 1988, approximately 6,000 Lada Samaras were modified by Peter Brock's Special Vehicles operation that had previously made high performance Holden Commodores. The cars would be known as the Lada Samara Sedan Brock Delux and included a few subtle Brock-devised suspension tweaks to improve the car's low-speed ride, as well as a special body kit. It cost about A$3,000 more than the base model Samara.

Samara 2

After 1997, the Samara was mostly sold in its homeland only, although it was still sold in some foreign markets with less strict emissions regulations. The Samara 2, a lightly facelifted version with a fuel-injected version of the 1,499 cc engine and a better gearbox, went on sale in limited numbers as the 2115 (four-door sedan) in 1997, built at the VAZ special vehicles unit. Brakes and interior were also upgraded, incorporating parts from the VAZ 2110. Full production on the main line in Togliatti began in 2000, in 2002 a five-door (2114) was added and the 2113 three-door followed in September 2004. The three-door was not originally planned to be built, but was added as a response to strong dealer demand. The last first generation Samara rolled off the Togliatti production line in 2004, ending 20 years of production there. Production of the "classic" Samara 2109/21099 continued at ZAZ in Ukraine as of 2004, and from May 2007 in Kazakhstan (Azia Avto).

In January 2007, an upgraded Samara 2, using the modern 1.6-litre VAZ-11183-20 engine first seen in the VAZ 2110 went on sale. While the Lada 110 and the Lada Priora have taken much of the Samara's market share at home, the Samara retains a clear price advantage and steady demand. The production of sedan Lada Samara 2 was stopped in December 2012; hatchbacks were still assembled until the end of 2013.

Technical specifications
Available Trims: many were available through the years and on different markets. Most of trim options were actually importer upgrades.

Engine type
Engine designation: VAZ 21081, VAZ 2108, VAZ 21083, VAZ 21084; VAZ 415 (wankel type)
Valvetrain: OHC
Displacement (cc): 1100, 1288, 1500, 1568; 2x654 for Wankel engine
Bore (mm): 76.0, 76.0, 82.0, 82.0
Stroke (mm): 60.6, 71.0, 71.0, 74.2
Compression Ratio: 9.0 :1, 9.8:1, 9.8:1, 9,8:1
Net Power:  @5600,  @5600,  @4800,  @4800;  @6000 for Wankel engine
Fuel System: 2 barrel carburettor or multipoint electronic fuel injection
Recommended Fuel: Regular Unleaded, 87 Octane

Drivetrain
Configuration :
Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Transmission :
4 or 5 forward synchromesh, 1 reverse (4-speed gearbox was used on early cars)

Chassis
Type :
3-door hatchback (VAZ 2108)
5-door hatchback (VAZ 2109)
4-door sedan (VAZ 21099)
Later styling of all Samara vehicles was updated, and they received new designations:
3-door hatchback (VAZ 2113)
5-door hatchback (VAZ 2114)
4-door sedan (VAZ 2115)
There are various commercial and specialty conversions.
Suspension (front): MacPherson strut with coil spring
Suspension (rear): Longitudinal arms and cross beam with coil springs
Steering (type): Rack-and-pinion
Brakes (type): Power-assisted
Brakes (front): Discs
Brakes (Rear): Drums
Wheels (size): 13 inch
Tires (type): Steel-belted all-season radials
Tires (size and Rating): 165/70x13

Safety by modern standards
The RosLada-made 2109 version of the Samara scored 2.7 points out of 16 in a frontal crash test conducted by the Russian ARCAP safety assessment program in 2002. Two years later, the 2114 five-door variant was awarded one star out of a possible four by ARCAP.

Trims

First generation
For 2003, there were three levels trims: Standard (the notation (standing after the index model) 00, models with distributed injection of fuel 20, such as the VAZ-21083-00), Norma (the notation 01 and 21) and Luxe (the notation 02 and 22) that vehicles with different bodies differed.

In the version with body three-door hatchback Standard grade includes the onboard control system, tweed seat upholstery, metallic color, luggage rack, front head restraints; in version 20 were also microprocessor ignition system, the electro-door locks, immobilizer. In the configuration Norma added tweed seat covers with pockets in the front seats, door trim tweed, trim the trunk, anti-glare visor with mirror; in the version of 21 were also converter and a system for collecting gasoline vapors. In the Luxe configuration added headlamp cleaning system, exterior mirrors with antidazzle effect and tinted windows.

In the version with five-door hatchback body Standard equipment included a tweed seat upholstery with pockets in the front seats, fabric inserts tweed upholstered doors, trunk trim, trunk rack, front head restraints, metallic color; version of the 20 had the same differences as in other bodies. In the configuration Norma added rear headrests and anti-glare visor with mirror. In the Luxe configuration added front electric windows and fog lamps.

In the version with the sedan body configuration were the same as the five-door hatchback, with the exception of the fog lights that have appeared in version Norma.

Second generation
There were two levels of equipment: Norma and Luxe. The Norma grade included steel wheels, immobilizer, central locking, tweed seat upholstery and door, height adjustable steering column, front electric windows, front head restraints, tailgate spoiler / tailgate, moldings on the doors. Luxe trim different caps on the wheels, trip computer, velvet upholstery seats and doors, athermal glass windows, rear headrests, a mirror in the sun visor of the passenger and heated front seats.

See also
Lada 110

References
Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Lada Cars reviews, images, infos (English)
 Lada Samara I, II Forum, help, infos (Rus)
 Data and Photos in AutoInf catalogue (Rus)

Samara
Category:Compact cars
Category:Sedans
Category:Soviet automobiles
Category:1990s cars
Category:2000s cars
Category:2010s cars
Category:Cars introduced in 1984
Category:Cars of Russia


Audrius Dzikaras

Audrius Dzikaras  (born August 14, 1957 in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian painter.
He paints in oil, mostly landscapes (Path in 1983, Bridge in 1985, First Snow in 1986, the Dark Landscape in 1988, Temple in 1999 etc.). He paints metaphysically as a means of expression and his works often use dark colors.

References

Category:Lithuanian painters
Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:Artists from Vilnius


End of the Century (film)

End of the Century () is an Argentine romantic drama film, directed by Lucio Castro and released in 2019. The film stars Juan Barberini as Ocho, a man from Argentina on vacation in Barcelona, who hooks up for a casual sexual encounter with Javi (Ramon Pujol); however, the men soon realize that they have met before, 20 years earlier in 1999, when they were both in the closet about their sexuality and too afraid to pursue a relationship with each other. The film also stars Mía Maestro as Sonia, Javi's girlfriend at the time of the original meeting.

The film had its theatrical premiere at the New Directors/New Films Festival on March 30, 2019. It subsequently had its Argentine premiere on April 8 at the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema, where it won the award for Best Argentine Film. It subsequently screened at other LGBT and general interest film festivals, and won the award for Best First Feature at the Frameline Film Festival.

References

External links

Category:2019 films
Category:Argentine films
Category:Argentine romantic drama films
Category:Argentine LGBT-related films
Category:2010s LGBT-related films
Category:LGBT-related drama films
Category:Films set in Barcelona
Category:2010s romantic drama films


Radio 9

Radio 9 may refer to:

Radio9, a BBC surreal comedy sketch show set in a fictional radio station. Broadcast on BBC Radio 4 between 2003 and 2006
CKLX-FM, a French language Canadian radio station located in Montreal, Quebec, rebranded as Radio 9 for a short period 2014-2015
Chinese Radio FM 104.2, an English-language and Chinese-language radio station, broadcasting in Auckland, New Zealand, part of Chinese Voice


Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith

REDIRECT Malcolm Ranjith


Roewe i6

The Roewe i6 is a compact sedan produced by SAIC Motor under the Roewe brand, succeeding the Roewe 550. The Roewe ei6 is the hybrid version of the i6. The Roewe i6 was previewed by the Roewe Vision-R, that debuted during the 2015 Guangzhou Auto Show.

Roewe i6
The Roewe i6, codename IP31, was launched on the 2016 Guangzhou Auto Show in China, as Roewe's new C segment sedan, replacing the aging Roewe 550, and sharing the platform with the second generation MG 6 sedan. It is the first sedan model using the all new "Lv Dong" design philosophy, which means the fusion of oriental aesthetic culture and western design discipline.

The i6 is available with two engines: a 1.0 litre three cylinder producing 125 hp, and the 1.5 turbo with 170 hp.

Roewe ei6
The Roewe ei6, codename IP34, is the PHEV variant of the Roewe i6, and was also launched on the 2016 Guangzhou Auto Show in China. Same as the Roewe RX5 and eRX5, the main styling difference would be the grilles. The petrol version i6 would have a slightly smaller grille, while the hybrid ei6 would have a relatively larger one. The ei6 has 228 hp in total, using the 1.0 with an extra 82 hp electric motor.

References

External links

i6
Category:Cars introduced in 2016
Category:2010s cars
Category:Cars of China
Category:Compact cars
Category:Sedans
Category:Sports sedans
Category:Touring cars
Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles


Extra Challenge

Extra Challenge is a Philippine television reality show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally hosted by Karen Davila and Paolo Bediones, it premiered on February 15, 1999 as a lifestyle show titled as Extra, Extra. In 2003, it was retitled as Extra Challenge and became a reality show. The show concluded in 2013.

The show features celebrities pitted against each other in several challenges. It is patterned after American reality show such as Survivor, The Amazing Race, America's Next Top Model, Fear Factor, The Simple Life, The Bachelor and The Real Housewives.

Overview
On February 15, 1999, Extra Extra premiered as a weekday lifestyle show with Paolo Bediones and Karen Davila as hosts. Miriam Quiambao replaced Davila as a co-host when she left the show in 2000.

In October 2003, to coinciding with the premiere of StarStruck, it was reformatted as a reality show and renamed as Extra Challenge. It featured participants to the edge of personal endurance amid never-before-experienced challenges and presented spur-of-the-moment and spontaneous scenes. When Quiambao left by January 2004, Mariel Rodriguez, Phoemela Baranda and Ethel Booba became hosts. In 2006, Extra Challenge was renamed to Extra Challenge Milyonaryo, with a top prize of 1 million pesos monthly. Extra Challenge Milyonaryo aired its last episode on May 26, 2006.

In 2012, the show returned as Extra Challenge Extreme with Richard Gutierrez, Marian Rivera & Boobay as the hosts. Contrary to the previous seasons, it aired on weekends.

Hosts
When the show started as the lifestyle tele-magazine show Extra Extra, Paolo Bediones and Karen Davila hosted the show. After Davila left the show, she was replaced by the 1st runner-up of Miss Universe 1999, Miriam Quiambao in August 2000. In 2003, the show became a reality show with the title being changed to Extra Challenge.

In December 2003, when Quiambao got married and left the show. The show came up with episodes to search for her replacement. The episodes Ang Kapalit () featured five contestants. Model Phoemela Baranda, television host Reema Chanco, comedian Ethel Booba and beauty queens Joanna Penalosa and Josephine Canonizado competed in a series of challenges to be the new host. Baranda won the contest, while Booba won the "Viewer's Choice" award. Eventually both Baranda and Booba hosted the show as the replacements of Quiambao. Later that year, MTV Philippines VJ Mariel Rodriguez replaced Barranda, co-hosting for one season. After Rodriguez left the show, Bediones and Booba continued to host the show until its final episode. In 2006, Quiambao returned to host during the last few episodes of the show.

Several guest hosts appeared in the show when the main hosts were unavailable. Among them are the following: Pops Fernandez, Jolina Magdangal, BJ Forbes, Nikki Gil, K Brosas, Ate Gay, Teri Onor and Angel Locsin.

In 2012, Richard Gutierrez, Marian Rivera and Boobay were hired as host of Extra Challenge Extreme.

Timeline

Notable challenges
In September 2004, during the bungee jumping challenge of Ethel Booba, Willie Revillame, Andrew E., Francine Prieto and Michelle Bayle in Bali, Indonesia, Extra Challenge garnered 47.1% rating according to AGB - the highest rating for the show.

The second highest rating for the show was the "Road Trip to Sagada episode" in August 2004, garnering 43% rating according to AGB. In this episode, the show challenged the contestants to travel from Manila to Sagada using a 1973 Volkswagen combi van. The episode won 3rd place in the 38th US International Film and Video Festival Entertainment Category.

The P2M challenge, the celebration of Extra Challenge's second anniversary, was aired on September 2005. Paolo and Ethel took the celebrity challengers to race from Luzon, Visayas to Mindanao on an adventure similar to The Amazing Race. The celebrities faced challenges along the way and compete for the 2,000,000 million pesos jackpot prize.

In November 2005, American Idol's Jasmine Trias participated in the Promdi episode of Extra Challenge, which she competed against MTV Asia VJ Donita Rose and former Miss World 2nd Princess Ruffa Gutierrez.

In December 2005, the show rated 45% when Jameson Ching was challenged by host Paolo Bediones to eat raw egg while having sex with a duck.

Criticisms
In June 2005, the program was criticized and condemned by a Filipino Muslim community following their "Mga Pasaway sa Dubai" episode, wherein they allegedly disgraced the virtues of Islam. According to the Islamic organization, Billah Islah, the show offended Muslims because the challengers, Ara Mina, Aubrey Miles, and Rufa Mae Quinto, who are non-Muslims recited the Al-Fatiha, the first chapter in the Qur'an, while being in a Land Cruiser and not wearing proper Muslim attire.

For this instance, Philippines' MTRCB (Movie and Television Review and Classification Board) has issued the program a stern warning to screen its episodes very carefully before airing it. The incident also caused some of them who rallied to burn the names of the women contestants involved in that certain challenge done at Dubai.

After hearing the complaint, Extra Challenge wrote an apology to the Office on Muslim Affairs Undersecretary Datu Zamzamin Ampatuan. They also clarified that their tour operator requested permission to the Dubai Tourism and Commerce Marketing for using the Qu'ran verse in the challenge.

Extra challenge also issued a public apology, which read:

in Tagalog:

translated in English:

Despite the apology, MTRCB issued a one-day suspension for the show and it is unclear whether the Muslim organization had accepted the apology.

Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the season premiere of Extra Challenge Extreme on October 27, 2012 earned a 24.6% rating.

References

External links

Category:Philippine reality television series
Category:GMA Network shows
Category:1999 Philippine television series debuts
Category:2013 Philippine television series endings
Category:Filipino-language television programs


7 Minutes (song)

"7 Minutes" is a song by Australian singer and songwriter Dean Lewis. The song was released in January 2019 as the second single from Lewis' forthcoming debut studio album, A Place We Knew.

Lewis told Triple J "The song was conceived in a London cab two years ago after an argument with a girl...the line, 'Is it too late to turn around, I'm already halfway out of town' came into my head while I was sitting in an Uber about halfway from her place to mine." Lewis also said "The song is about meeting someone, making memories and then feeling regret." "Chasing Cars" by Snow Patrol is referenced in this song.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2019, the album was nominated for Song of the Year.

Reception
Peter Tuscan from The Music Network said "'7 Minutes' has all the right ingredients for commercial success. Musically poignant verses and an all-out strummer of a chorus lead into a stripped back yet triumphant bridge, helped out by ethereal pads and drums." adding "Radio will no doubt have a field day with this track." Al Newstead from ABC said "'7 Minutes' is about lost love, with acoustic-plucking that builds to a stirring climax of rolling snare and dramatic vocal harmonies that will definitely appeal to fans of Vance Joy and Mumford and Sons." On March 18, 2019, Lewis performed "7 Minutes" as well as "Stay Awake" on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Category:2019 singles
Category:Dean Lewis songs
Category:Universal Music Australia singles
Category:2019 songs
Category:Songs written by Dean Lewis


Oplink Communications

Oplink Communications LLC is a US-based business manufacturing and selling optical components. Oplink headquarter is located in Fremont, California and has R/D center and manufacture facility in China and Taiwan.

History
The company was founded in San Jose, California in 1995. Oplink moved its manufacture facility from San Jose, California to Free-trade-zone in Zhuhai, China in 2000. The company went public (Nasdaq: OPLK) in 2000 with initial public offering of 13,700,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $18.00 per share. Oplink moved its headquarter to Fremont, California in 2004. Koch Industries acquired Oplink for 445 million in December 2014. The legal entity changes to Oplink Communications LLC. Oplink is currently owned by Molex, a global electronics components company and Koch Industries subsidiary.

Mergers and acquisitions
Oplink acquired Optical Communication Products, Inc. (Nasdaq: OCPI) for 85.3M in 2007.

Oplink was acquired by Koch Industries for $445M in 2014.

References

External links

Category:Companies based in Fremont, California
Category:Photonics companies
Category:Optics manufacturing companies


Pokagon State Park

Pokagon State Park is an Indiana state park in the northeastern part of the state, near the village of Fremont and  north of Angola. It was named for the 19th-century Potawatomi chief, Leopold Pokagon, and his widely known son, Simon Pokagon, at Richard Lieber's suggestion.  The  park has an inn, camping facilities, and a staff of full-time naturalists.

Overview
The park is bordered by Lake James on the west and south and Snow Lake on the north. Various wetlands can be seen throughout the park, and the Potawatomi Nature Preserve makes up a large portion of its east side. Over  of hiking trails wind through the park.

The Wisconsin Glacier, the last of the Ice Age’s four glaciers that covered Indiana, created the rolling terrain found in Pokagon. Glaciation's influence can be seen in many of the features of the park, including Lake Londiaw (a kettle lake), Hell's Point (a kame), and various glacial erratics.

The toboggan run is a popular destination during the winter. Visitors can reach speeds of 35–40 miles an hour (60 km/h) on the quarter-mile (400 m) long track.

History
Pokagon State Park was created in 1925. Through fundraising efforts, the citizens of the county purchased the first , much of it farmland, on the shores of Lake James. The county citizens donated this land to the Department of Conservation, State of Indiana, which added two additional parcels the following year, bringing the park up to . In 1927, the newly christened Potawattomi Inn opened its doors.  In 1934, Pokagon Boy's Camp opened in what is now the State Park's group camping area; many of the camp's buildings have been repurposed for their current uses.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Civilian Conservation Corps
In 1934, chapter 556 of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) arrived at Pokagon. During the ensuing eight years, the CCC constructed many of the best-known buildings at Pokagon including the Gate House, the Spring Shelter, the Saddle Barn, the first three incarnations of the toboggan run, and, not least, the CCC Shelter, a National Register of Historic Places site. Behind the Beach House, the land quickly rises to a bluff overlooking the lake.

The CCC also planted trees—sometimes in precise lines—and created roads and trails. They even published their own newsletter, the Pokagon Chieftain. The CCC was instrumental in transforming Pokagon into the rustic park it is today.

Presently the park contains . Efforts were made to secure a property across the street from Pokagon. It was officially transferred in June 2007. It will be managed by Pokagon State Park and called Trine State Recreation Area.

Potawatomi Inn
The Potawatomi Inn opened in 1927 only two years after the park was created.  The Inn contained 40 guest rooms, the dining room and the Lonidaw Lounge.  Along the south of the dining room, was an open porch, overlooking Lake James.  A room cost $3 for the night.  In the 1960s additional rooms were added to the west..  The original rooms were equipped with bathrooms and the long porch on the south was enclosed to create a sunny area overlooking the lake. During the 1980s a swimming pool with an outdoor deck was added on the south side of the new wing.  Increased demand allowed for the park to expand in the 1990s and in 1995 the conference center opened with additional guest rooms.

Nature preserves
‘’’Potawatomi Nature Preserve’’’
Located across the eastern half of the park, it is accessible from three separate trails, (#3, #6, #9).  This is a varied environment of marsh, hardwood forests, pine forest and sand hills.

‘’’Beechwood Nature Preserve’’’
Located outside the park on its northeastern corner, the preserve is accessible from Trail 8.  A  loop trail covers the old meadows.  The area is become covered by gray dogwood and other pioneer woody plants.  The area features yellow birch, red maple, blue beech, and skunk cabbage. The remnants of an old apple orchard may still be visible.  Access is also available from State Road 127.

Fish and wildlife

The common fish found in Lake James include: Yellow Perch, Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Bluegill, Rock Bass, and Spotted gar.

The last wild Black Bear in Indiana was recorded in 1850.  Prior to that they were common in Indiana.  Beavers, coyotes, and foxes can be found in this park.

Pokagon and its surrounding lakes are the home for a variety of birds. Common birds such as ducks, geese, gulls, and purple martins can be found when the lake is not frozen. Migrating birds such as loons, grebes, and double-crested cormorants can also be observed by visitors, typically during autumn.  Hawks and red-headed woodpeckers can be seen year around, as can barred and great horned owls. Several bald eagles were sighted on the lake in 2006. Other birds that can be observed by visitors including brown creepers, veeries, several types of warblers, bluebirds, Carolina wrens, Baltimore orioles, and pileated woodpeckers.

Amphibians include: mud puppies, salamanders, and frogs

The common reptiles include: the Garter Snake, the Eastern Massasauga, the Hognose Snake, the Northern Water Snake, plus the painted turtle, Snapping Turtle., and the soft shell turtle.  All of which are available to see at the nature center.

Facilities and activities
Bicycle Trail
 Hiking Trails
 Pokagon Interpretive Center
 Picnicking
 Playground Equipment
 Swimming / Beach
 Sand Volleyball Court
 Saddle Barn
 Fishing
 Boating
 Potawatomi Inn
 Cabins
 Meeting and Conference Facilities
 Reservable Shelters
 Camping - Reservations recommended
 Electric Hookup 200 sites
 Non-Electric 73 Sites
Youth Tent Areas
Group Camp
 General Store
 Dumping Station
 Winter Activities
 Toboggan Run
 Cross-country skiing
 Ice fishing

Equipment rentals
 Pontoon boats
 Paddleboats
 Rowboats
 Toboggan (weekends only, in season)
 Skis Rental (winter)
 Horse-Back Riding (Seasonal)

See also
 List of Indiana state parks

References

External links
Indiana Department of Natural Resources' official Web page
 Pokagon Google Map
 Potawatomi Inn - State Park Features - Local Attractions

Category:State parks of Indiana
Category:Protected areas established in 1925
Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Indiana
Category:Protected areas of Steuben County, Indiana
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Category:1925 establishments in Indiana
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Steuben County, Indiana
Category:Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana


Pensions in Germany

Pensions in Germany are based on a “three pillar system”.

 First pillar: mandatory state pension insurance (gesetzliche Rentenversicherung). This part of the basic social security system. All employees and employers pay a percentage of salaries into this system.
 Second pillar: voluntary occupational pension insurance
 Third pillar: private insurance

Mandatory state pension provision
The scheme is based on the pay-as-you-go (or redistributive) model. Funds paid in by contributors (employees and employers) are not saved (or invested) but are used to pay current pension obligations.

Civil servants in Germany do not pay any contributions themselves but their salaries are correspondingly lower than those in the private sector.

Recent changes to the system mean that from 2012 to 2023 the retirement age will go up to 66 by 2023. From 2023 the retirement age will be increased by two
months each year, until 2029, when the mandatory retirement age reaches 67. Each missing year results in a 3.6% reduction in the pension entitlement.

The state scheme is financed by a payroll tax known as "social security contributions". The rate in 2012 is 19.6% of pay up to the social security contribution ceiling of €67,200 (Western Bundesländer) and €57,600 (Eastern Bundesländer). The amount is paid half and half by employer and employee contributions.

The amount paid to retirees is based on average salaries. The German pension insurance agency publishes the value of each year’s contribution (remuneration point). This is then multiplied the number of years contributed and the percentage of the average salary earned during the person's lifetime. The average pension in 2012 was €1,263.15 per month. The maximum pension for someone having earned twice the average salary (€64,200) would be €2,526.30.

Voluntary occupational pension provision
The Voluntary Occupational Pension schemes (Betriebliche Altersvorsorge) were created under the Company Pensions Law (Betriebsrentengesetz) in 1974 and are a benefit granted by a company to its employees. Voluntary schemes can fall into different categories:
Defined benefit (Leistungszusage)
Defined Contribution (Beitragsorientierte Leistungszusage)
Contribution with minimum benefit
The schemes can be structured in various ways:
Direct Grant (Direktzusage)
Support Fund (Unterstützungskasse)
Pension Company (Pensionskasse)
Direct Insurance (Direktversicherung)
Pension Fund (Pensionsfonds)

In 2009 contributions up to €2,500 (Betriebsbemessungsgrenze) were tax free. A further €1,800 in contributions to Direct Insurance schemes are tax free. About 50% of workers in Germany are covered by these schemes.

According to the Deutsches Institut für Zeitwertkonten und Pension Lösungen, a consultancy, "in almost all firms, 30 to 50% of the capital required to meet the commitments made in days when the interest rates were higher is missing". The Germans have invested 500 billion euros in Voluntary Occupational Pension and 170 to 225 billion euros are needed to fill in the coverage gap.

Private provision
Private pension schemes in Germany are personal funded pensions. The funds are protected by law and cannot be seized by creditors or the state. They are also not inheritable. Payments into these funds benefit from a government sponsored tax credit of €154 per year per adult and up to an additional €300 if the fund beneficiary has children. The most popular form of private pension provisions is the so-called Riester Pension. The annual government expenditure for the tax credits is at around €7bn. An alternative government sponsored private pension scheme is the Rürup Pension, which is specifically, albeit not exclusively, designed for self-employed people, who are usually not eligible for the Riester Pension.

Germans can take early retirement if they agree to forgo a percentage of their state pension.

See also
UK pensions
US pensions
Pensions in France
Pension system in Switzerland
Sozialgesetzbuch
Pan-European Pension

References

Germany
Category:Old age in Germany
Category:Social security in Germany


Zotrix

Zotrix is a twin stick shooter video game developed by Zero Bit games and released on Windows in 2015 and on PlayStation 4 platform in 2016. A sequel, Zotrix 2 was announced in 2016, but never released as of 2019.

Reception
The game received mixed reviews upon release. Its PlayStation 4 version currently holds 56/100 on Metacritic based on 8 reviews. 4players.de gave it 76/100 stating "When it comes to dualstick shooters you don’t have to ask me twice. Nonetheless Zotrix isn’t love at first sight. But if you get used to the quirky arcady feel à la Galaga where positioning is as important as reflexes you might develop an interesting friendship.". PSNStores was less positive in its review stating "Some enjoyment can be found in Zotrix, if you can get past all of the technical issues that plague the game. However if that doesn’t ruin the experience, the menu interface sure will. It can ruin all enjoyment of the game." and gave it 40 out of 100.

External links
Steam Store page
PlayStation store page

References

Category:Action video games
Category:Windows games
Category:Steam Greenlight games
Category:Video games developed in Croatia
Category:PlayStation 4 games
Category:2015 video games


David Pontarini

David Pontarini, OAA, AAA, FRAIC, AIA is a Canadian architect and founding partner of Hariri Pontarini Architects in 1994, alongside Siamak Hariri.

Pontarini is a former member of the City of Toronto government’s Design Review Panel, the City of Toronto’s Preservation Board, a visiting lecturer at the University of Toronto Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, and a former member of the OAA Council, representing Toronto Centre from 1992 to 2002.

Honours
Royal Architecture Institute of Canada's (RAIC) 2013 Architectural Firm Award

Buildings of note
McKinsey & Co. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 Robertson House Crisis Care Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Shangri-La Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Work in progress
Number One Bloor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5 St. Joseph, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
Sultan St. Thomas, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
10-14 Prince Arthur, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Publications
2005: "Yorkville Condo Has Historic Link." Toronto Star 23 July 2005
2006: Ogilvie, Megan. "New VÜ for ‘Old Town’." Toronto Star 20 May 2006
2007: Hume, Christopher. " Some Causes for Concern in Condo Design." Toronto Star 21 April 2007
2010: Topping, David, Let’s Gape at One Bloor, Shall we?", Torontoist, April 2010
2010: Van de Ven, Lisa, "One Bloor", National Post, April 2010
2010: Daily Commercial News, “Work Continues on Shangri-la Toronto hotel and residences.” Construction Overview, June 2010
2011: Pontarini talks One Bloor design in Urbantoronto.ca

See also
 Architecture of Toronto

References

External links
Hariri Pontarini Architects

Category:Canadian architects
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Mark Jackson (disambiguation)

Mark Jackson (born 1965) is an American former basketball guard and former head coach of the Golden State Warriors.

Mark or Marc Jackson may also refer to:
Marc Jackson (born 1975), American former professional basketball center
Mark Jackson (Australian footballer) (born 1959), Australian rules footballer and actor
Mark Jackson (quarterback) (born 1954), American football player
Mark Jackson (wide receiver) (born 1963), American football player
Mark Jackson (athletic director) (born 1972), American football coach/administrator
Mark Jackson (athlete) (born 1969), Canadian track and field athlete
Mark Jackson (footballer, born 1977), English footballer
Mark Jackson (musician) (born 1970), member of VNV Nation
Mark Jackson (curator) (born 1976), American British curator
Mark Jackson (actor), actor known for his appearance as Isaac on The Orville
Mark Jackson (speed skater) (born 1980), New Zealand Olympic speed skater
Mark Jackson, member of the 1950s R&B group The Crows
Marc Evan Jackson (born 1970), American comedian and actor


Marble House (disambiguation)

Marble House is a Gilded Era mansion in Newport, Rhode Island

Marble House may also refer to:

Marble House (song), a song by the Knife

Places
Jerome Marble House, Worcester, Massachusetts, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Thomas Marble Quarry Houses, West Whiteland, Pennsylvania, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania
Marble House, Berlin, a German cinema

See also
Marble Schoolhouse, Eastchester, New York, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Westchester County, New York
Marble Palace (disambiguation)


Hinesville, Virginia

Hinesville is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Its Zip Code is 24549 (Dry Fork, Pittsylvania County, Virginia).

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Category:Unincorporated communities in Pittsylvania County, Virginia