Lee Harding (writer)

Lee John Harding (born 19 February 1937) is an Australian freelance photographer, who became a writer of science fiction novels and short stories.

Science fiction writing

Born in Colac, Victoria, and an enthusiastic fan of science fiction, Harding was among the founding members of the Melbourne Science Fiction Club.  Other members of the club were Race Mathews, Bertram Chandler, Bob McCubbin, Merv Binns and Dick Jenssen.

Harding's first published work appeared in the Sydney photographic magazine PHOTO DIGEST in 1958: a photographic coverage of the filming of Nevil Shute's novel ON THE BEACH in Melbourne and Frankston locations, accompanied by a personal written record of his adventures there. This led to a request for a regular monthly column for the magazine on 35mm photography, and a subsequent photographic and written coverage of the filming of THE SUNDOWNERS, in Cooma, NSW.

In 1961 Harding's first published short story, Displaced Person, was published in Science Fantasy. He continued to write and submit stories to a range of magazines, including New Worlds, Science Fantasy, and Science Fiction Adventures in the U.K. In 1966, John Bangsund started the Australian SF Review (ASFR) and he and Harding and John Foyster became editorial partners in producing this fanzine publication. In 1969 Harding then went on to write for the joint Australian/UK SF magazine Vision of Tomorrow, set up by Ron Graham, plus stories in U.S magazines Galaxy, If and Odyssey, and also Australian magazines, including the Melbourne SUN newspaper. These stories were widely translated and dramatised. He also wrote two 12 part science fiction serials for ABC Education Radio and dramatised an H.G. Wells story for the same programme.

From 1972 Harding switched from photography to writing full-time. He published four short PB novels in Cassel's (aust.) education series for reluctant readers : The Fallen Spaceman, Children of Atlantis, The Frozen Sky & Return to Tomorrow. The success of this series was beyond expectations: the time was right to introduce the genre more widely in Australia.  His first adult novel, A WORLD OF SHADOWS, followed  in 1976 (Robert Hale, London) and in the same year he edited the seminal Australian SF anthologies BEYOND TOMORROW and THE ALTERED I, with assistance from Rob Gerrand and Ursula K. Le Guin, and followed this with ROOMS OF PARADISE in 1978, which was also published in the U.S. and U.K. Several stories from the latter were also re-printed in the annual U.S. publication, THE YEAR'S BEST SF. Four SF novels followed, culminating in the ground-breaking classic DISPLACED PERSON, adapted from his earlier short story, and his winning the Children's Book of The Year Award in 1980 accelerated the acceptance of the "young adult" genre to Australian fiction. With HEARTSEASE, he finally moved away from science fiction with his first mainstream novel, also for the young adult market. Harding has also written short stories using the pseudonym, Harold G Nye.

Awards
 1970 - Ditmar Award Best Australian Science Fiction for Dancing Gerontius
 1972 - Ditmar Award Best Australian Fiction for Fallen Spaceman
 1978 - Alan Marshall Short Story Award for an unpublished manuscript Displaced Person
 1980 - Winner of the Australian Children's Book of the Year Award for Displaced Person
  2006 - Australian Science Fiction Foundation, Chandler Award in gratitude for his life's work.

He has also received three Fellowships from the Literature Board.

Bibliography

Novels
 The Fallen Spaceman (Cassell Australia, 1973) REVISED & republished in 1979 by Harper & Row
 Children of Atlantis(Cassell Australia, 1974)
 A World of Shadows (Hale, 1975)
 The Frozen Sky (Cassell Australia, 1975)
 Return to Tomorrow (Cassell Australia, 1976)
 Future Sanctuary (Laser Books New York #41, Sept. 1976)
 The Weeping Sky (Cassell Australia, 1977)
 Displaced Person (Hyland House, Australia1979)[as Misplaced Persons (Harper & Row, May 1979)] minor revisions, Penguin (1981)
 The Web of Time (Cassell Australia, 1980) Novelisation of radio play 'Journey Into Time'
 Waiting for the End of the World (Hyland House, Australia 1983)
 Heartsease (HarperCollins, Australia 1997)

RADIO PLAYS

'Journey Into Time'  (SERIAL: Australian Broadcasting Commission, c1978)
'The Legend of New Earth' (SERIAL: Australian Broadcasting Commission, c1979)
'The Man Who Could Work Miracles (adaptation of H.G.Wells story Australian Broadcasting Commission,c.1980)

Short stories
 "Dancing Gerontius" in the collection: The Second Pacific Book of Science Fiction edited by John Baxter (Angus and Robertson, 1971)
 "Soul Survivors" in the collection: New Writings in SF-17 edited by John Carnell (Dobson, 1970)

Edited
 Beyond Tomorrow : an anthology of modern science fiction (Wren, 1975)
 The Altered I : an encounter with science fiction / by Ursula K. Le Guin and others (Norstrilia Press, 1976)
 Rooms of Paradise (Quartet Books, 1978)

Notes

References

 Oxford Companion to Australian Literature  Oxford 1985  pp 316–317  613
 The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Orbit 1993  pp 541–542
A. Bertram Chandler Award 2006 presented to Lee Harding, by Bruce Gillespie Australian Science Fiction Foundation, Chandler Award Winners (Retrieved 17 September 2007)
Lee Harding - Brief Biography Perry Middlemiss (Retrieved 17 September 2007)
AustLit Biography (Retrieved 28 February 2008)

External links

Worlds of if magazine June 1971

Category:20th-century Australian novelists
Category:Australian male novelists
Category:Australian photographers
Category:Australian science fiction writers
Category:Australian male short story writers
Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century Australian short story writers
Category:People from Colac, Victoria
Category:Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Category:20th-century Australian male writers


Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet () (erected 10 July 1885) is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.

Cathedral
The seat of the bishop (or "ordinary") is the Cathedral of St. Jean-Baptiste, a spectacular building opened in 1963, which seats 1,200 worshippers and features extensive stained glass as well as other artwork by a number of local artists. The present building is the fifth cathedral, successor to four previous buildings that fell victim to various physical disasters: two collapses, a fire, and damage from the Nicolet landslide of 1955. A frieze of stained glass in the apse shows characters from the Bible and from the history of the Christian church, including a portrait of Bishop Martin, who was responsible for construction of the new building.

Bishops

Ordinaries
Elphège Gravel (1885 – 1904)
Joseph-Simon-Herman Brunault (1904 – 1937)
Albini Lafortune (1938 – 1950)
Joseph Albertus Martin (1950 – 1989)
Raymond Saint-Gelais (1989 – 2011)
André Gazaille (2011 – present)

Coadjutor bishops
 Joseph-Simon-Herman Brunault (1899-1904)
 Joseph Albertus Martin (1950)
 Raymond Saint-Gelais (1988-1989)

Other priest of this diocese who became bishop
 Joseph-Roméo Gagnon, Bishop of Edmundston, New Brunswick in 1949

Bibliography

External links
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet Official Site

Nicolet
Nicolet
Nicolet
Category:1885 establishments in Canada
Category:Nicolet, Quebec


Hans-Peter Martin

Hans-Peter Martin (born 11 August 1957) is an Austrian author and journalist and former politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament between 1999 and 2014.

Journalist and author

Born in Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Martin worked for the German weekly news magazine Der Spiegel. As a freelance writer, he has written and co-authored several popular books, among them the best-selling The Global Trap: Globalization and the Assault on Prosperity and Democracy (Die Globalisierungsfalle, 1996), Bitter Pills (Bittere Pillen) about the pros and cons of pharmaceuticals and The European Trap (Die Europafalle, only available in German but a partial translation is available on Martin's website), an inside analysis of European integration, faults of the European bureaucracy and lobbyism in the EU.

The publishing house Penguin Random House released a new book by Hans-Peter Martin carrying the title "Game Over: Wellbeing for the few, Democracy for no one, Nationalism for all - and then?" in September 2018."Game over" was shortlisted, together with nine other books, for the best German Economic Book of the year 2018.

"Game Over" has been subject to numerous reviews:

The German weekly Die Zeit  called the book "Diskussion inspiring" and wrote "The book by Hans-Peter Martin is neither scaremongering nor defeatist. It convinces by chaining together a variety of societal phenomena which are rarely combined in popular discourse: the unbroken neoliberal agenda and capital accumulation leading to the breakdown of individual liberties, democracy, and - eventually - war. This is the challenging thesis of the book."

The German newsmagazine Der Spiegel wrote: "The bad news is that the author is likely to be correct in all of his analyses. The good news is that for each game that ends, a new one begins."

European Parliament 1999–2004
In the 1999 European Parliament elections Martin was elected as the independent frontrunner of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. Martin left the European Parliamentary Group of Social Democrats in 2004.

Since then Martin was reelected through his independent candidate list, Hans-Peter Martin's List, in 2004 and 2009.

Early in 2004, he accused MEPs of all parties of falsely claiming reimbursement of travel and subsistence expenses. He produced evidence of MEP's signing the register in the morning to receive their daily allowance, and then immediately leaving the building. Broadcast on German TV, the accusations caused an uproar. The then European Parliament spokesman Hans Gert Pöttering dismissed Martin's accusations as unnecessarily aggressive and the President of the Parliament Pat Cox said that he would have preferred to deal with the case internally.

In response, Martin was accused of claiming too much in meal expenses. He was later cleared of this charge.

Eventually the disclosures and the public outrage Martin's revelations induced resulted in a change of the expense system.

European Parliament 2004–09

In the 2004 European Parliament elections Hans-Peter Martin decided to compete on his own party list "Hans-Peter Martin's List – For genuine control and transparency in Brussels" (Liste Dr. Hans-Peter Martin – Für echte Kontrolle in Brüssel). For an independent he received a surprising 14% of the vote – more than the Greens or the right-wing Austrian Freedom Party – and gained two of Austria's seats in the European Parliament. He has been widely credited with having reduced the vote share of the far-right parties.

The second mandate went to Austrian Karin Resetarits, a former journalist with the Austrian public broadcaster ORF and a private radio station. However, Martin and Resetarits soon found themselves in heavy disagreement and ceased to work together. She later joined the Liberal group in the European Parliament on June 7, 2005 and was not reelected.

Martin's list also competed in the Austrian legislative elections of 2006, but received only 2.8% of the vote and thus was blocked from entry into the Austrian parliament by the requirement to at least have 4% of the vote. Martin explained the unexpectedly low result with accusations of "expedient but contrary to the rule" use of the secretarial allowance, which were widely publicised in the Austrian media. The later court ruling stated that Martin used the funds correctly and did not benefit from the money, but as he did not follow some formal requirements he was ordered to repay the funds. Martin argued that this was a political decision.

European Parliament 2009–14

In 2009, Martin flirted with the idea of heading a planned Austrian list of the pan-European eurosceptical alliance Libertas.eu, but later rebuffed Libertas' advances.

While Libertas finally didn't manage to set up a list at all, Martin successfully competed again with his independent Hans-Peter Martin's List. He even surprised many by increasing his vote share to 18%, giving his list three seats in the European Parliament.

In 2014, Martin decided against standing for election, instead returning to journalism. Reflecting on his political work, Martin consistently defines himself as a "buffer against the far-right".

Anti-Lobbyism campaign

During his mandate Martin vocally campaigned for transparency and against lobbying. Starting in 2011 he collected and published all lobby invitations his office received and in 2013 published an analysis. In total Martin collected more than 1400 "lobby attempts" during the two-year timespan and published a summary table ordered by category. Among examples of extraordinary lobbying Martin listed were all-inclusive travels to Azerbaijan, China and Switzerland as well as free conference invitations to Cyprus and London. He estimated the value of the two years of lobbying to up to 65,000 Euro

See also
 Accountability in the European Union

References

External links
 Official website of Hans Peter Martin in German -
 Hans-Peter Martin's Lobby-Ticker, a list of all the lobby invitations Martin received in the European Parliament
 Hans-Peter Martin's profile on the website of the European Parliament

Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Bregenz
Category:Austrian whistleblowers
Category:Political corruption
Category:Austrian journalists
Category:Social Democratic Party of Austria MEPs
Category:MEPs for Austria 1996–1999
Category:MEPs for Austria 1999–2004
Category:MEPs for Austria 2004–2009
Category:MEPs for Austria 2009–2014
Category:Hans-Peter Martin's List MEPs
Category:Der Spiegel people


Monochroa lutulentella

Monochroa lutulentella, the black neb, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is widely distributed in northern Europe and the central European mountains, east to the Ural Mountains. The habitat consists of fens, marshes and on river-banks.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm. Adults are on wing from the end of July to the beginning of August.

The larvae feed on Filipendula ulmaria. They feed within the roots of their host plant.

References

Category:Moths described in 1839
Category:Monochroa
Category:Moths of Europe
Category:Insects of Turkey


Champ de Mars, Montreal

Champ de Mars is a public park in Old Montreal quarter of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Formerly a military parade ground, the park had previously been the site of Montreal's fortifications, which were demolished at the beginning of the 19th century soon after Montreal City Hall and the old courthouse were built. It had served as a municipal parking lot until being restored as a park in 1980s. At that time, the foundations of Montreal's city walls were discovered and restored.

The site's name commemorates its former military purpose; Mars was the Roman god of war and campus Martius was a Latin term for a military exercise ground. The walls now standing on site were built to show the location of the original walls used to protect the city.

The area is bordered by the Montreal City Hall, the old and new courthouses and the Champ-de-Mars Metro station.

See also
List of Montreal parks#Urban squares.

References

External links
Champ de Mars, Vieux Montreal
Champ de Mars, Canada Photos

Category:Parks in Montreal
Category:Old Montreal
Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Montreal
Category:Destroyed landmarks in Canada
Category:Military forts in Quebec


Triple Zero Heroes

Triple Zero Heroes is an Australian observational documentary series that airs on the Seven Network. It is an original production by FremantleMedia Australia.

Overview
Through interviews, dramatisations and the original 000 emergency call recordings, the series reconstructs emergencies where people have relied on the service to save loved ones from misadventure, serious injury and death.

In February 2009, police in New South Wales claimed that a 10-year-old boy saved his sister from drowning using CPR skills he learned from watching the first episode of the show.

Weekly ratings
The ratings for the series are in the table below (The viewers are in millions).

References

Category:2009 Australian television series debuts
Category:Seven Network shows
Category:Australian factual television series


Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester

Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester may refer to:

Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (fifth creation) (1697–1759), English land owner and patron of the arts
Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (seventh creation) (1754–1842), British politician

See also
Thomas Coke (disambiguation)


Object 478

Object 478 () was a Soviet main battle tank prototype. It was developed by the KMDB of the Malyshev Factory and never put into full production.

Development history
After the adoption of the T-80 tank, the Soviets started on improving its design. The work was done by two design bureaus; the KMDB of Malyshev Plant designed the "Object 478" prototype, and the design office of the LKZ designed the "Object 219" prototype. The Kharkov version of the modernized T-80 chassis involved equipping Object 219 with a 6TD-1 1000 horsepower diesel engine as well as installing a new combat compartment being developed for the modernization of the T-64A under the designation of Object 476. In 1976, this project was carried out on the machine, but further work on it was not continued as the main focus at the time was on the gas turbine engine. After the death of Defence Minister Dmitry Ustinov, the strength of the design bureau of the LKZ began to weaken and the Ministry of Defense started to think seriously about equipping the T-80 tanks with diesel engines. Work on equipping the T-80 tanks with diesel engines was carried out by several design offices. The Omsk Transport Engineering Design Bureau was tasked to equip the T-80 with the B-46-6 engine (this tank received the designation "Object 644"). KB-3 of the LKZ was also tasked to equip the T-80 with the 2B-16-2 engine, but both projects failed. At the same time, work was intensified on the creation of the Object 478 tank. In 1985, work began on the Object 478B. It was subsequently adopted into service under the name T-80UD.

Overview
The Object 478 has a new cast turret, invented when creating the Object 476 tank. The chassis was borrowed from the "Object 219A" tank, but the engine was replaced with the 6TD-1 diesel. The main armament of the tank was the 125 mm 2А46М-1 smooth-bore tank gun with 42 rounds of ammunition. The gun was equipped with the "Vector-4" stabilizer; a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun with 1,500 rounds of ammunition . To combat air targets and light armored vehicles, the commander was also equipped with a 12.7 mm caliber turret-mounted NSV anti-aircraft heavy machine gun with 450 rounds of ammunition. In addition, Object 478 was equipped with the 9K112 "Cobra" (NATO reporting name: AT-8 Songster) guided weapon.

Variants
 Object 478 - Basic Version
 Object 478M - A radically modified version with a 1,500 hp diesel engine
 Object 478B - The T-80UD main battle tank

Survivors
  - The only surviving example is located at the National Museum of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in Kiev.

Gallery
Object 478 in Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Kiev:

References

External links

 Object 478 (T-80UD Prototipe) Walkaround

Category:Cold War tanks of the Soviet Union
Category:Main battle tanks of the Cold War
Category:Main battle tanks of the Soviet Union
Category:Tanks with autoloaders
Category:Trial and research tanks of the Soviet Union
Category:History of the tank
Category:Abandoned military projects of the Soviet Union


Köln-class frigate

The ships of the F120 Köln class of frigates were the first major warships built in Germany after World War II.

They were the world's first ships to feature a combined diesel and gas propulsion system. The ships received numerous refits during their long careers with new electronics and torpedo tubes. They were replaced by Type 122 frigates in the 1980s and four ships were sold to the Turkish Navy.

List of ships

All ships were stationed as second frigate squadron in Wilhelmshaven.

See also
List of frigates
List of German Federal Navy ships
List of naval ships of Germany
List of naval ship classes of Germany
Lists of ship launches in:  1959, 1962
Lists of ship commissionings in:  1961, 1962, 1963, 1964
Lists of ship decommissionings in:  1982, 1983, 1988, 1989

References

Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
Prézelin, Bernard and A.D. Baker III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .


Den Herren will ich loben

"" (I want to praise the Lord) is a Christian hymn by Maria Luise Thurmair, based on the Magnificat and set to a 1613 melody by Melchior Teschner, which was used for "Valet will ich dir geben". The hymn in three stanzas of eight lines was first written in 1954, and revised in 1971. It appeared in the Catholic hymnal Gotteslob in 1975, and in the current Gotteslob, but also in a German Protestant hymnal. A general song of praise, it has been set to music several times.

History
Maria Luise Thurmair wrote the hymn first in 1954. It is a close paraphrase of the Magnificat (Song of Mary), written to match a 1613 melody by Melchior Teschner. The hymn is in three stanzas of eight lines each. It was revised in 1971.

It appeared in the Catholic hymnal Gotteslob in 1975 as GL 261. In the current Gotteslob, it is GL 395, in the section "Lob, Dank und Anbetung" (Praise, thanks and adoration). Based on a biblical Marian song, it was also included in regional parts of the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch in Bavaria and Thuringia as EG 604. As a general song of praise, it is suitable for any church service, but especially for Marian feast days.

Tune and settings
The melody by Melchior Teschner, used for "Valet will ich dir geben", begins with a rising first line, spanning an octave, and suitable for praise. The melody was used for many hymns.

The hymn was set by Karl-Ludwig Nies for the visit of Pope Benedict XVI at the Frauenkirche, the cathedral of Munich dedicated to Mary, in 2007. Nies scored it for mixed choir, trumpet and timpani. Thomas Schmid wrote a setting for four-part choir and optional strings, published by Dr. J. Butz. Karl Norbert Schmid composed a prelude and setting for brass, published by Bärenreiter in a collection Bläserbuch zum Gotteslob to accompany the new edition of Gotteslob in 2013.

References

Bibliography

Category:1954 compositions
Category:German Christian hymns
Category:Magnificat settings


Li Lianli

Li Lianli (born 6 October 1974) is a Chinese short track speed skater. He competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 1994 Winter Olympics.

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chinese male short track speed skaters
Category:Olympic short track speed skaters of China
Category:Short track speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Category:Short track speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Category:Speed skaters from Changchun


Public Education Center

The Public Education Center (PEC) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in Washington, DC. Through its National Security News Service (NSNS) and Natural Resources News Service (NRNS), PEC employs career investigative journalists to develop nationally significant, general-interest news stories that would otherwise be ignored by the mainstream media and places them in targeted commercial media.

NSNS covers topics such as weapons of mass destruction, nuclear issues, conventional arms, the intelligence community, terrorism, and government waste, fraud, and secrecy. NRNS focuses on such topics as air and water pollution, habitat protection and reclamation, public land management, and environmental regulation.

Reporters for PEC develop these investigative stories by locating and interviewing sources and finding relevant scientific and government information, often utilizing the federal Freedom of Information Act. The organization then offers the work to the commercial media, who utilize PEC’s contacts and extensive background research to write and produce the final stories themselves.

History
The Public Education Center was established in 1992 to finance and administer NSNS, which was founded by Wayne Jaquith in 1988 as a pilot project of the Council for a Livable World’s Education Fund.

Administration
Joseph Trento is president of the Public Education Center.

External links
PEC web site

Category:American journalism organizations


Tragus (ear)

The tragus is a small pointed eminence of the external ear, situated in front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus. It also is the name of hair growing at the entrance of the ear. Its name comes the Ancient Greek  (), meaning 'goat', and is descriptive of its general covering on its under surface with a tuft of hair, resembling a goat's beard. The nearby antitragus projects forwards and upwards.

Because the tragus faces rearwards, it aids in collecting sounds from behind.  These sounds are delayed more than sounds arriving from the front, assisting the brain to sense front vs. rear sound sources.

In a positive fistula test (for the presence of a fistula from cholesteatoma to the labyrinth), pressure on the tragus causes vertigo or eye deviation by inducing movement of perilymph.

Other animals
The tragus is a key feature in many bat species. As a piece of skin in front of the ear canal, it plays an important role in directing sounds into the ear for prey location and navigation via echolocation. Because the tragus tends to be prominent in bats, it is an important feature in identifying bats to species.
The tragus allows echolocating bat species to vertically discriminate the objects around them, which is key to identifying where prey items and obstacles are in three-dimensional space.
In studies where an individual's tragi are temporarily glued out of their normal positions, the bat's navigational acuity is one-fourth as effective as individuals with unmodified tragi.
Based on this study, the authors concluded that the tragus's function is to create acoustic cues to determine the direction of a target in the vertical plane.
Not all echolocating bats possess tragi, however.
Horseshoe bats are one such family; the way in which the outer bottom edge of the ear folds in on itself is thought to function in a similar way to the tragus in other families.

Additional images

See also
Tragal pressure
Tragus piercing

References

External links

  () (#7)

Category:Ear


The Blank Slate

The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature is a best-selling 2002 book by Steven Pinker, in which the author makes a case against tabula rasa models in the social sciences, arguing that human behavior is substantially shaped by evolutionary psychological adaptations. The book was nominated for the 2003 Aventis Prizes and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.

Summary
Pinker argues that modern science has challenged three "linked dogmas" that constitute the dominant view of human nature in intellectual life:
 the blank slate (the mind has no innate traits)—empiricism
 the noble savage (people are born good and corrupted by society)—romanticism
 the ghost in the machine (each of us has a soul that makes choices free from biology)

Much of the book is dedicated to examining fears of the social and political consequences of his view of human nature:
 "the fear of inequality"
 "the fear of imperfectibility"
 "the fear of determinism"
 "the fear of nihilism"

Pinker claims these fears are non sequiturs, and that the blank slate view of human nature would actually be a greater threat if it were true. For example, he argues that political equality does not require sameness, but policies that treat people as individuals with rights; that moral progress doesn't require the human mind to be naturally free of selfish motives, only that it has other motives to counteract them; that responsibility doesn't require behavior to be uncaused, only that it respond to praise and blame; and that meaning in life doesn't require that the process that shaped the brain must have a purpose, only that the brain itself must have purposes. He also argues that grounding moral values in claims about a blank slate opens them to the possibility of being overturned by future empirical discoveries. He further argues that a blank slate is in fact inconsistent with opposition to many social evils since a blank slate could be conditioned to enjoy servitude and degradation.

Evolutionary and genetic inequality arguments do not necessarily support right-wing policies. Pinker writes that if everyone is equal regarding abilities it can be argued that it is only necessary to give everyone equal opportunity. On the other hand, if some people have less innate ability, then redistribution policies should favor those with less innate ability. Further, laissez-faire economics is built upon an assumption of a rational actor, while evolutionary psychology suggests that people have many different goals and behaviors that do not fit the rational actor theory. "A rising tide lifts all boats" is often used as an argument that inequality need not be reduced as long as there is growth. Evolutionary psychology suggests that low status itself, apart from material considerations, is highly psychologically stressful and may cause dangerous and desperate behaviors, which suggests that inequalities should be reduced. Finally, evolutionary explanations may also help the left create policies with greater public support, suggesting that people's sense of fairness (caused by mechanisms such as reciprocal altruism) rather than greed is a primary cause of opposition to welfare, if there is not a distinction in the proposals between what is perceived as the deserving and the undeserving poor.

Pinker also gives several examples of harm done by the belief in a blank slate of human nature:
 Totalitarian social engineering. If the human mind is a blank slate completely formed by the environment, then ruthlessly and totally controlling every aspect of the environment will create perfect minds.
 Inappropriate or excessive blame of parents since if their children do not turn out well this is assumed to be entirely environmentally caused and especially due to the behavior of the parents.
 Release of dangerous psychopaths who quickly commit new crimes.
 Construction of massive and dreary tenement complexes since housing and environmental preferences are assumed to be culturally caused and superficial.
 Persecution and even mass murder of the successful who are assumed to have gained unfairly. This includes not only individuals but entire successful groups who are assumed to have become successful unfairly and by exploitation of other groups. Examples include Jews in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust; kulaks in the Soviet Union; teachers and "rich" peasants in the Cultural Revolution; city dwellers and intellectuals under the Khmer Rouge.

Reception

Positive
Psychologist David Buss stated "This may be the most important book so far published in the 21st century."

Psychologist David P. Barash wrote "Pinker's thinking and writing are first-rate ... maybe even better than that."

Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins stated "The Blank Slate is ... a stylish piece of work. I won't say it is better than The Language Instinct or How the Mind Works, but it is as good—which is very high praise indeed."

Philosopher Daniel Dennett wrote "[Pinker] wades resolutely into the comforting gloom surrounding these not quite forbidden topics and calmly, lucidly marshals the facts to ground his strikingly subversive Darwinian claims—subversive not of any of the things we properly hold dear but subversive of the phony protective layers of misinformation surrounding them."

Negative

Behavioral psychologist Henry D. Schlinger wrote two critical reviews of the book that emphasized the importance of learning. Another behavioral psychologist, Elliot A. Ludvig, criticized Pinker's description of behaviorism and insights into behaviorist research.

Philosopher John Dupré argued that the book overstated the case for biological explanations and argued for a balanced approach.

Biologist H. Allen Orr argued that Pinker's work often lacks scientific rigor, and suggests that it is "soft science".

Anthropologist Thomas Hylland Eriksen argued that most of Pinker's arguments were flawed since they employed a strawman fallacy argumentation style, and selectively picked supporting evidence as well as foils. He wrote: "perhaps the most damaging weakness in books of the generic Blank Slate kind is their intellectual dishonesty (evident in the misrepresentation of the views of others), combined with a faith in simple solutions to complex problems. The paucity of nuance in the book is astonishing." Similarly, biologist Patrick Bateson criticized Pinker for focusing on refuting the belief that all human characteristics are determined by a person's environment. He argued that this belief was "a caricature...used to sustain yet another round of the tedious and increasingly irrelevant nature-nurture debate."

Like Eriksen, Louis Menand, writing for The New Yorker, also claimed that Pinker's arguments constituted a strawman fallacy, stating "[m]any pages of 'The Blank Slate' are devoted to bashing away at the Lockean-Rousseauian-Cartesian scarecrow that Pinker has created." Menand notes that Pinker misquotes and misunderstands Virginia Woolf as saying "In or about December 1910, human nature changed," (Pinker's response was "Woolf was wrong. Human nature did not change in 1910, or in any year thereafter.”) Woolf actually wrote "On or about December 1910 human character changed," and she was writing about fiction, critiquing Literary realism compared to the modernist movement.

See also

References

External links

 Pinker's website on The Blank Slate
 Steven Pinker (2002) MIT video lecture for book tour
 Meet the Flintstones by Simon Blackburn, a critical review of The Blank Slate.
 'The Science and Politics of the Human Mind', review in the Oxonian Review
 The Great Debate Articles - Newcastle University debate on The Blank Slate and other topics.
 The Blank slate - Article by Pinker in General Psychologist, Vol. 41, No.1, Spring 2006

Category:2002 non-fiction books
Category:American non-fiction books
Category:Books about evolutionary psychology
Category:Cognitive science literature
Category:English-language books
Category:Psychology books
Category:Works by Steven Pinker


1944 (film)

1944 is a 2015 Estonian war drama film directed by Elmo Nüganen. The film first premiered in February 2015 in Berlin, Germany, before its release in Estonia and other Northern European countries. It was selected as the Estonian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

As the Soviet Union advances to recapture Estonia from its German occupiers, with huge losses on both sides, the film explores the mental conflicts of young Estonians. Some have volunteered or been conscripted into the German forces, most with little commitment to the Nazi regime. Others have volunteered or been conscripted into the Soviet forces, again with little commitment to the Communist regime. Whichever side wins will regard the Estonians on the opposing side as traitors, liable to execution or deportation. Neither side offers the Estonians autonomy from foreign control.

Plot
The film opens in July 1944 on the Tannenberg Line in Estonia, where a unit of Estonian soldiers in the Waffen SS are fighting the advancing Red Army. A visit by a Nazi official, who hands out signed photographs of Hitler, attracts ridicule. The Soviet forces are superior in numbers of tanks and infantry and the German forces have to retreat through streams of civilian refugees. After a ferocious battle, the victors are a Red Army Estonian unit.

As they bury the dead of both sides in a mass grave, an Estonian in the Red Army called Jüri searches the body of an Estonian in the German forces called Karl and finds an unposted letter to Karl's sister Aino in Tallinn. When the Russians capture the city, he delivers the letter in person and he and Aino become friendly, which incurs the enmity of his unit's political officer. Back fighting on the Sõrve Peninsula in November, his unit captures a group of sixteen-year-old Estonian boys in German uniform. The political officer orders Jüri to kill them all and, when he questions the decision, shoots Jüri dead. The officer himself is executed by one of Jüri's comrades seconds later. On Jüris body, a comrade finds an unposted letter to Aino which he, when he has a spell of leave, delivers in person.

Cast
 Kaspar Velberg as Sturmmann Karl Tammik
 Kristjan Üksküla as Senior sergeant Jüri Jõgi
 Maiken Schmidt as Aino Tammik
 Gert Raudsep as Ants Saareste
 Ain Mäeots as Captain Evald Viires
 Peeter Tammearu as a Partorg (Communist Party official)
 Märt Pius and Priit Pius as the Käär Brothers
 Hendrik Toompere jr as Rottenführer Kristjan Põder
 Kristjan Sarv as Abram Joffe
 Rain Simmul as Prohhor Sedõhh
 Martin Mill as Alfred Tuul
 Ivo Uukkivi as Rudolf Kask
 Marko Leht as Valter Hein
 Mait Malmsten as Government figure
 Magnús Mariuson The Dane Carl
 Pääru Oja as Sanitar Elmar Säinas
 Hendrik Toompere Jr. Jr. as Kristjan Põder
 Külli Teetamm as Mother with children
 Kristo Viiding as Leonhard Talu
 Karl-Andreas Kalmet as Vladimir Kamenski
 Priit Loog as Paul Mets
 Andero Ermel as Oskar Lepik
 Jaak Prints as Richard Pastak

Production
The first part of filming took place in October 2013 till the Easter break of 2014. It then continued at the start of the summer of 2014 where filming also took place at the Sinimäed Hills.

The film was funded by the Estonian Film Institute, the Estonian Ministry of Defence, the Cultural Endowment of Estonia and private investments.

Reception
On the film aggregation website IMDb, 1944 has a weighted average score of 7.5/10, based on votes from 1,005 users.

The film has been banned in the Russian Federation.

Box office
In Estonia, 1944 was a huge box office success. With local opening weekend admissions at 19,030 1944 set a new opening weekend record for an Estonian film, beating the previous record of 15,611 admissions set by Names in Marble in 2002. 1944's first week also broke records by achieving 44,879 admissions, the highest ever for an Estonian film that premiered in Estonia.

See also
List of submissions to the 88th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Estonian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

Category:2010s war drama films
Category:Estonian films
Category:2015 films
Category:Estonian war films
Category:Estonian-language films
Category:Eastern Front of World War II films
Category:Films directed by Elmo Nüganen
Category:Estonian drama films


Carla Cortijo

Carla Cortijo Sánchez (born July 21, 1987) is a Puerto Rican former professional basketball player. She played college basketball for the Texas Longhorns and the Puerto Rican national team.

Early life
Cortijo was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico to Angel Cortijo and Lourdes Sanchez.  She grew up in the city of Carolina, Puerto Rico.  Cortijo first earned widespread fame for her basketball skills during two seasons of play for Maria Auxiliadora High School, which went undefeated and won the Puerto Rico commonwealth championship both years.  Cortijo was named Puerto Rico's High School Basketball Player of the Year for 2002.

After Cortijo's sophomore season, her family moved to the Houston area. Cortijo attracted national attention as a star point guard for Bellaire High School.  She also played AAU basketball for the Houston Elite squad, leading them to the 2004 AAU national title.  Cortijo earned Parade Magazine All-American honors for her high school play, and was rated the nation's best point guard in her recruiting class by All Star Girls Report.  However, she missed her entire high school senior season with an injury to her left knee.

College career
Cortijo signed with the University of Texas. Early in her freshman season, she re-injured her knee, and received a medical redshirt waiver for the 2005–2006 season.

As a redshirt freshman in 2006–2007, Cortijo played in 28 games for the Longhorns and started in 18.  She led the team in assists, with 137 on the season.  Cortijo was one of five players named to the Big 12 All-Freshman Team and the Big 12 All-Academic First Team.

Cortijo announced during the offseason that she planned to transfer to St. John's University in New York. However, Texas coach Gail Goestenkors eventually persuaded Cortijo to rejoin the Longhorns for the 2007–2008 season.

Cortijo is majoring in Spanish and minoring in textiles.

Texas statistics
Source

WNBA controversy
Cortijo alleged that Puerto Rican basketball federation's president Carlos Beltrán denied her an opportunity to play for the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)'s Atlanta Dream in order for her to participate with the Puerto Rican women's national basketball team on the 2015 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Women's Pre-Olympic qualifying tournament.

International career
Cortijo represents Puerto Rico in the international competitions sanctioned by FIBA. As regular point guard, she led the team to the gold medal at the 2011 Pan American Games, which advanced to the finals gathering victories over the United States, Argentina and Brazil. In the gold medal game, Cortijo scored 29 points and recovered 10 rebounds, being Puerto Rico's most productive player in the victory over Mexico.

She was a member of the team which competed for Puerto Rico at the 2011 Pan American Games, winning a gold medal.

See also
 List of famous Puerto Ricans

References

External links
 University of Texas media guide

Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:Atlanta Dream players
Category:Basketball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for Puerto Rico
Category:Parade High School All-Americans (girls' basketball)
Category:Point guards
Category:Puerto Rican women's basketball players
Category:Sportspeople from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Category:Texas Longhorns women's basketball players
Category:Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Category:Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Puerto Rico
Category:Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Puerto Rico
Category:Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
Category:Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games


Jack of the United States

The jack of the United States is a maritime flag representing U.S. nationality, flown on the jackstaff in the bow of U.S. vessels that are moored or anchored. The U.S. Navy is a prime user of jacks for its warships and auxiliaries, but they are also used by non-naval vessels such as ships of the U.S. Coast Guard, the predominantly civilian-manned replenishment and support ships of the U.S. Navy's Military Sealift Command, the ships of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other U.S. governmental entities. The jack is flown on the bow (front) of a ship and the ensign is flown on the stern (rear) of a ship when anchored or moored. Once under way, the ensign is flown from the main mast and the jack is lowered, removed, and stowed away for future use.

The design of the U.S. jack has consisted of essentially the canton of the U.S. national flag since the late 1770s, with each subsequent modification to the U.S. national flag's canton being represented in the U.S. jack as well. Occasionally, there have been brief reprieves of that design for commissioned warships to commemorate certain occasions, from 1975 to 1976, in 2000 for submarines and submarine tenders, and again for all warships from 2002 to 2019.

The oldest commissioned warship in active U.S. naval status (that is, having the longest total period in active status), currently , is the only active U.S. warship flying a different jack than the standard U.S. one, by flying the "First Navy Jack". All other active U.S. Navy warships display the Union Jack.

History
For most of U.S. history, the primary jack design has been the blue canton with stars (the "union") from the U.S. national ensign. The blue fielded, white-starred jack is referred to as the Union Jack, not to be confused with the Union Jack of the United Kingdom, which has the same name but a different design. Like the U.S. ensign, the number of stars on the jack correspond with the number of constituent states the U.S. has. Rules for flying the jack are similar to the national ensign, except that the jack is only worn at the bow when the ship is anchored, made fast or alongside.

From September 11, 2002, the U.S. Navy made use of the so-called First Navy Jack. However, the standard U.S. jack (i.e. 50 white stars alternative in columns of four and five defacing a blue field) continued to be used as the jack by vessels of U.S. federal agencies such as the U.S. Coast Guard, the Military Sealift Command and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Corps and by U.S. civilian ships and by U.S. yachts. The majority of the U.S. Navy's warships returned to using the U.S. Union Jack on June 4, 2019.

The jack is flown from the jackstaff from 08:00 to sunset while U.S. Navy ships are moored or at anchor. It is required to be the same size as the union of the ensign being flown from the stern of the ship. It is also flown from the yardarm during a general court-martial or court of inquiry. During times when the ensign is at half mast, the jack is also at half mast. The jack is hoisted smartly and lowered ceremoniously in the same manner as the ensign, however the jack is not dipped when the ensign is dipped.

Some other exceptions to the use of the U.S. Union Jack have occurred in the case of the U.S. Navy, the most prominent being the use of the First Navy Jack by the U.S. Navy in honor of the U.S. founding's bicentennial and for other uses subsequently.  For example, following the Bicentennial, in August 1980, use of the First Navy Jack was granted to the active commissioned ship having the longest total period of front-line operational service, said use to be in place of the Union Jack until that ship was decommissioned or transferred to inactive status, whereupon the next such ship in seniority inherits the honor of its use.  This use is limited to the oldest "commissioned" naval vessel (i.e., an all-military United States Ship [ship prefix USS] versus a part-military/part-civilian crewed United States Naval Ship [ship prefix USNS]) in front-line operational service.

On June 3, 1999, the Secretary of the Navy also authorized the flying of the Submarine Centennial Jack on all U.S. Navy submarines and submarine tenders during 2000.

On February 21, 2019, the Chief of Naval Operations directed that U.S. Navy warships fly the U.S. jack again beginning on June 4, 2019. The oldest active U.S. warship flies the First Navy Jack; that ship has been USS Blue Ridge since 2014.

Naval jacks of the United States by date

See also
Flag of the United States
Flags of the United States Armed Forces

Notes

References

Category:Continental Navy
Category:United States Navy
Category:Military flags of the United States
United States


Aspergillus multiplicatus

Aspergillus multiplicatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Fumigati section. Several fungi from this section produce heat-resistant ascospores, and the isolates from this section are frequently obtained from locations where natural fires have previously occurred. The species was first described in 1994. It has been reported to produce aszonapyrone A and helvolic acid.

Growth and morphology

A. multiplicatus has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.

References

multiplicatus
Category:Fungi described in 1994


Dom Pachino

Dom Pachino (born Domingo J. Del Valle in Manhattan, New York City) is a rapper of Puerto Rican descent. He is a member of the rap group Killarmy and also has a solo career. He is also known as P.R. Terrorist, but he has rarely used this name since the September 11, 2001 attacks afraid that it may be taken the wrong way and affect sales.

Biography
Dom Pachino was born in uptown Manhattan and later moved to Staten Island's Stapleton Houses. He started out by showcasing his talents in public school lunch rooms while urging friends would provide a beat for him by banging on tables with fist and bare knuckles. During that period he became good friends with RZA's younger brother 9th Prince and they would later form the group Killarmy. He went from rapping in the survival dorms of C-74 and C-76 in Riker’s Island Correctional Facility, while completing his juvenile bid for Gun possession and Assault charges, to making a name for himself locally in the slums of Staten Island's then small hip hop circles in the early 1990s.

Experiencing three successful major releases (two through Priority Records, and one through Loud Records) with a debut album that cracked the top ten billboard charts, three world tours with Wu-Tang Clan and countless features on gold albums such as RZA’s first Bobby Digital project and Wu-Tang Killa Bees: The Swarm compilation. Riding off the success of his last group album in 2002, Pachino established his own independent record company called Napalm Recordings, which he released a slew of underground mix tapes and albums via online, mom and pop record stores, and digitally. He also completed an international tour headlining venues in the United States, South America, Europe, and Africa.

He has appeared on programs in the United States such as Comedy Central and the Larry Sanders Show. He is now working as a solo artist, producer and director.

Acting career
In addition to his music work, Dom Pachino is an actor and director that has appeared in a number of films, television and cable programs including Gospel Hill is a 2008 film directed and produced by Giancarlo Esposito and starring Danny Glover. He has also been on the Larry Sanders Show, the Jon Stewart Show, CSI: NY, and the Bobby Digital film by RZA of the Wu-Tang Clan.

Discography
(2002) Tera Iz Him
(2004) Unreleased
(2004) Domination
(2005) Operation Warface
(2005) The Arsenal
(2005) The Invasion
(2005) Napalm World
(2005) The Grunge
(2006) Guns n Glory : A Soldier's Story
(2006) 4 Security Reasons
(2007) Rice & Beans
(2007) 1st Blood
(2015) War Poetry
(2016) Gemini Mind
(2018) Fire God

With Killarmy

(1997) Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars
(1998) Dirty Weaponry
(2001) Fear, Love & War

References

External links
 NapalmRecordings.com (Official Dom Pachino Site)

Category:Wu-Tang Clan affiliates
Category:Living people
Category:Killarmy members
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Vegas Vampire

The Vegas Vampire was a vampire of late night Shock Theater and Vegas Vampire shows at KHBV/KVVU, Channel 5, in Henderson, Nevada, and broadcast to the greater Las Vegas, Nevada area from the late 1960s through the 1970s.

The Vegas Vampire's show featured grade-“B” horror films, monster films, and science fiction films. The show was aired on Friday nights at 11 p.m. PST.

History
Jim Parker, a Wisconsin-native, worked in as a disc jockey and stock car racing promoter, and as a news reporter. During a stint as a reporter for an NBC affiliate in Las Vegas he decided he wanted to do a comedy show, but the station was not interested, nor were the other network affiliate stations. Finally, he sold the show to the local Channel 5 station (KHBV/KVVU). He picked the name "Vegas Vampire" because he liked the alliteration.

The show ran on and off for nine years. Parker even claims one cancellation was due to his ending up on President Richard Nixon's enemies list after the Vampire did a routine with a Nixon voodoo doll, stuck pins in it and put the doll in a guillotine in a comparison to Marie Antoinette.

Show format
The character of the Vampire appeared at the start of each show and at commercial break interruptions. Like other horror hosts, he would critique and ridicule the film being aired. One of his early trademark routines was to stick pins in voodoo dolls of politicians, civic leaders, and celebrities while needling them verbally. The character became popular enough that nationally known celebrities would sometimes appear on the show while performing in Vegas, including Red Buttons and Frank Sinatra, Jr. The Vampire would also read viewer letters on air, then burn them.

Early on the Vampire segments were performed live, but later it was a taped program, allowing it to be played multiple times during the weekend.

The host's then wife, Paula (P.J.) Parker (now P.J. Housman), played the part of "Satana" on the show in its later years.

In 1977, Variety and syndicated columnist Forrest Duke reported plans to do a road show version.

Other appearances
Parker's Vegas Vampire was a popular local celebrity. He traveled the streets of Las Vegas and Henderson in a trademark Hearse, and appeared at many local business openings. For many years he hosted the local segments of the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon, and participated in local shows and charity events like the St. Jude's "Nite of Stars" show, and the Clark County Talent Guild's "Stars of Tomorrow" show. So popular was the character that at one point Parker was appointed director of publicity and public relations for TV-5. One Halloween in the 1990s the Vegas Vampire was invited to return to Vegas' Circus Circus to turn the Grand Slam Canyon (later Adventuredome) ride complex into the Dome of Doom.

Novelty song
"The Vegas Vampire" is also the title of a novelty song about the character. Written and produced by Parker and Bruce Popka, the recording has been played on the Dr. Demento radio program's 1984 Halloween Show and appeared on the album Elvira: Vinyl Macabre Oldies (But Ghoulies) (Vol. 1)

References

Category:Horror hosts
Category:Horror movie television series


Silver Ghost (disambiguation)

The Silver Ghost is a model of Rolls-Royce automobile.

Silver Ghost may also refer to:

 Silver Ghosts, a fictional race of aliens in the Xeelee Sequence
 Silver Ghost (comics), a minor supervillain in the DC Universe
 Silver Ghost, a tactical role-playing video game published by Kure Software Koubou
 Silver Ghost (public house), a pub in England
 Sthenopis argenteomaculatus, the silver-spotted ghost moth


Taihu County

Taihu County () is a county in the southwest of Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hubei Province to the west. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Anqing and contains its westernmost point. It has a population of  and an area of . The seat of government is located in Jingxi Town.

Taihu is noted for its "Huating Lake" with its mountains and scenic waters. The lake was originally built for flood control and power generation with a dam constructed in the 1960s. Although it was formerly blamed for destroying large areas of farm land, it has evolved into a popular tourism location.

The county has a long history of Zen, an important tributary of Chinese Buddhism.

Administrative divisions
Taihu County has jurisdiction over 10 towns and 5 townships.

Towns
 Jinxi (晋熙镇), Xuqiao (徐桥镇), Xiaochi (小池镇), Xincang (新仓镇), Siqian (寺前镇), Tianhua (天华镇), Niuzhen (牛镇镇), Mituo (弥陀镇), Beizhong (北中镇), Baili (百里镇)

Townships
 Chengxi Township (城西乡), Jiangtang Township (江塘乡), Dashi Township (大石乡), Yangquan Township (汤泉乡), Liufan Township (刘畈乡)

Category:County-level divisions of Anhui
Category:Anqing


Journal of Public Health Management & Practice

The Journal of Public Health Management & Practice (JPHMP) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed public health journal published by Wolters Kluwer, which was established in 1995. The Editor-in-chief is Lloyd F. Novick and the Associate Editor is Justin B. Moore. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.510.

The journal publishes articles which cover a diverse range of population health topics, with information on public health practice and research. These topics include research to practice, emergency preparedness, bioterrorism, infectious disease surveillance, environmental health, community health assessment, chronic disease prevention and health promotion, and academic-practice linkages. Aside from the main journal issue, JPHMP also publishes a number of peer-reviewed special supplements and/or special topical sections that are sponsored by organizations interested in promoting their work.

Editors
The journal's Editor-in-chief is Lloyd F. Novick and the Associate Editor is Justin B. Moore. There are a few Consulting Editors for various health topics, including Public Health Ethics, Environmental & Occupational Health, Human Subjects Protection, Community-Based Practice, Biostatistics, and Infectious Diseases.

References

External links

JPHMP Blog

Category:Public health journals
Category:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins academic journals
Category:Bimonthly journals
Category:Publications established in 1995
Category:English-language journals


WROV-HD2

WROV-HD2 is an alternative rock formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Martinsville, Virginia, serving New River Valley and Southside Virginia.  WROV-HD2 is owned and operated by iHeartMedia.

On February 8, 2018, WROV-HD2 rebranded as "Alt 96".

Translator
WROV-HD2 is relayed by two FM translators to widen its broadcast area.

Previous logo

References

External links
Alt 96 Online

Category:Modern rock radio stations in the United States
ROV-HD2
Category:IHeartMedia radio stations


Edo machi-bugyō

were magistrates or municipal administrators with responsibility for governing and maintaining order in the shogunal city of Edo. Machi-bugyō were samurai officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan.  Appointments to this prominent office were usually hatamoto, this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyōs. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner", "overseer" or "governor."

During the Edo period, there were generally two hatamoto serving simultaneously as Edo machi-bugyō.  There were two Edo machi-bugyō-sho within the jurisdictional limits of metropolitan Edo; and during the years from 1702 though 1719, there was also a third appointed machi-bugyō.

The Edo machi-bugyō were the central public authorities in this significant urban center.  These men were bakufu-appointed officials fulfilling a unique role.  They were an amalgam of chief of police, judge, and mayor.  The machi-bugyō were expected to manage a full range of administrative and judicial responsibilities.

Each machi-bugyō was involved in tax collection, policing, and firefighting; and at the same time, each played a number of judicial roles—hearing and deciding both ordinary civil cases and criminal cases.

In this period, the machi-bugyō were considered equal in status to the minor daimyōs.  At any one time, there were as many as 16 machi-bugyō located throughout Japan, and there were always two in Edo.

Shogunal city
During this period, Edo ranked with the largest urban centers, some of which were designated as a  "shogunal city".  The number of such cities rose from three to eleven under Tokugawa administration.

In Edo, a special system was devised to mitigate the possibility of municipal corruption.  Initially, there were three machi-bugyō and then the number was reduced to one.  The number of machi-bugyō was increased to two under Shōgun Iemitsu.  Except for one brief period in the early 18th century, this bifurcated administration remained the consistent pattern until the shogunate was abolished in 1868.  There were two chief officials with equal powers and responsibilities; and each would alternately take control for one month before relinquishing the office to their counterpart.  These two officials were each based in a separate location at some distance from each other.  A reorganization of city government which focused greater attention on the two separate locations for these officials dates from 1719.    Kodenmachō (小伝馬町)

Kita-machi-bugyō
Edo's north magistrate was called the , so-called because his official residence was physically to the north of the official location of his counterpart, the minami-machi-bugyō.

Minami-machi-bugyō
Edo's south magistrate was called the , so called because his official residence was physically to the south of the official location of his counterpart, the kita-machi-bugyō. In 1707, the Tokugawa shogunate established the Minami-machi Bugyō-sho, the office of one of the magistrates of Edo, in this area of modern Yūrakuchō.
 Ōoka Tadasuke, Ōoka Echizen-no-kami Tadasuke

Honjo-machi-bugyō
Edo's third magistrate was called the , who was responsible for the neighborhoods of Honjo and Fukagawa on the east bank of the Sumida River.  A third machi-bugyō was deemed necessary in the years between 1702 through 1719.

List of Edo machi-bugyō

 Amano Saburobei Yasukage.
 Itakura Katsushige.
 Tōyama Kagemoto.
 Yoda Masatsugu (1753).
 Nanbu Toshimi (1753).

See also
 Bugyō

Notes

References
 Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868. London: Oxford University Press; reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001.   (cloth)]
 Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds.] Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  (cloth) --  (paper)
 Cunningham, Don. (2004).  Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing.   (cloth)
 Hall, John Whitney. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.  OCLC 445621
 Jansen, Marius. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press.  ;;  OCLC 31515317
 Naito, Akira, Kazuo Hozumi, and H. Mack Horto. (2003).  Edo: the City that Became Tokyo. Tokyo: Kodansha.
 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).  Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;  OCLC 58053128
 Screech, Timon. (2006).   Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 	;   OCLC 65177072

Category:Government of feudal Japan
Category:Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate


Kmehlener Berge

The Kmehlener Berge are a group of low hills in the south of the German state of  Brandenburg within the county of Oberspreewald-Lausitz near the town of Ortrand and the village of Großkmehlen on the state border with Saxony. Their highest point, at , is the on the Huttenberg which lies entirely within Saxony. The  Kutschenberg, about 1,000 metres northeast, rises to a height of  and is the highest summit and second highest point in the state of Brandenburg.

Category:Hills of Brandenburg
Category:Elbe-Elster Land


Dark One

Dark one or Dark One may refer to:
 Dark Lord, a fictional stock character who is a powerful villain with evil henchmen
 Dark One (Wheel of Time), the primary antagonist in the Wheel of Time series


Hmong

Hmong may refer to:

 Hmong people, an ethnic group of people who live in China, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand
 Hmong cuisine
 Hmong customs and culture
 Hmong music
 Hmong textile art
 Hmong language, a continuum of closely related tongues/dialects
 Hmong–Mien languages
 Pahawh Hmong, an indigenous semi-syllabic script
 Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong, a modern alphabetic script
 Hmong Americans, Americans of Hmong descent

See also
 Hmong folk religion
 Hmong in Wisconsin
 Hmong American Peace Academy
 Hmong Studies Journal
 Hong (disambiguation)
 Miao people
 Mong (disambiguation)

Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages


The Real Housewives of Potomac (season 3)

The third season of The Real Housewives of Potomac, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on April 1, 2018, and is primarily filmed in Potomac, Maryland. Its executive producers are Steven Weinstock,
Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Thomas Kelly, and Andy Cohen.

The third season of The Real Housewives of Potomac focuses on the lives of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Robyn Dixon, Karen Huger, Monique Samuels and Candiace Dillard.

Cast and synopsis
All six housewives featured during the second season returned as housewives, however, original housewife Charrisse Jackson-Jordan returned in a recurring capacity. Candiace Dillard, a former Miss United States, joined the series as a full-time housewife.

This season saw Karen deal with endless questions from the other ladies around her husband's company's tax issues detailed in the press. Her constant deflecting leads to tensions in her friendships with Gizelle and Ashley. Meanwhile, Gizelle deals with her relationship with Sherman and whether he's ready to commit long-term.

Monique struggles with balancing home life and her ever growing commitments outside of her marriage, including starting up her new lifestyle website for moms. Following a car accident, rumours between the group spread about her drinking habits. This causes conflict between Monique and Robyn who feels the former is making unprovoked attacks. Robyn continues to work on her relationship with ex-husband Juan.

Following a trial separation, Ashley and Michael move back in together as they try to rebuild their marriage. They face continuing problems as Ashley's mother and the financial help she receives from them, divides the couple.

Newcomer Candiace is focused on planning her upcoming wedding, dealing with an overbearing mother whilst trying to form friendships with the other ladies. Whilst Karen takes her under wing, she struggles connecting with the others.

Tag lines
Tag lines adapted from Bravo TV.
 Gizelle: "If you can't handle me being the word on the street, then stop listening."
 Karen: "Baby don't believe what you hear, the grand dame still holds center court."
 Monique: "You'll never put me in a box, because I'm the whole darn package."
 Robyn: "Life has its ups and downs, but my game is on the rebound."
 Ashley: "You may say I cause trouble, but I say I keep things interesting."
 Candiace: "Life is a pageant, and I'm in it to win it."

Episodes

References

External links

Category:2018 American television seasons
Potomac (season 3)


Heart Prairie Lutheran Church

Heart Prairie Lutheran Church of Whitewater, Wisconsin was a historic church organized in 1844 by pioneer Lutheran minister, Claus Lauritz Clausen.

Before the church was built, services were held under oak trees, in the Lyman School, and in log cabins.  One of those early log cabins, owned by Gundar Halvorsen, now sits on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. The Norwegian pioneers began hauling brick by oxcart to build the present church, which was completed between 1855 and 1857. About this time the congregation joined with congregations at Whitewater, Palmyra and Sugar Creek to call the same Lutheran pastor.

During the later 19th century the congregation grew to over 100 members. After 1880 an organist played a reed pump organ that led the congregational hymns. The Norwegian language was used in the church until 1902. It was only then that the English language was introduced into the services, but not used exclusively until 1920. During the early 1900s membership began declining as a result of families moving out of the Heart Prairie area. Finally in 1948, because of dwindling membership, the congregation merged with First English Lutheran Church of Whitewater.

The church, which became known for its historical, architectural and religious features, is included on the National Register of Historic Places. Historically this church may be the oldest Norwegian Lutheran Church in America still being used in its original state. Architecturally the church is a lasting example of pioneer building. Brick was used not only to build walls, but also to supply ornamental and decorative details.

References

Other sources
Froemming, Larry F. The Norwegians and Their Church: A history of the Heart Prairie Lutheran Church, Whitewater, Wisconsin ( Beloit, Wisconsin. 1975)

External links

 Heart Prairie Lutheran Church
 National Register of Historic Places

Category:Lutheran churches in Wisconsin
Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Category:Churches in Walworth County, Wisconsin
Category:Norwegian-American culture in Iowa
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Walworth County, Wisconsin
Category:Whitewater, Wisconsin


Arafundi languages

The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are related to the Piawi and Madang languages.

Alfendio is an old synonym for Arafundi, from when it was still considered a single language.

Languages
The Arafundi languages form a dialect continuum where language boundaries are blurred.

The Arafundi languages are,

Nanubae
Tapei
Andai (Meakambut)
Awiakay (Karamba)

Kassell, et al. (2018) recognize Andai, Nanubae, and Tapei.

Foley (2018) cites Hoenigman (2015) for 'Upper Arafundi' and 'Lower Arafundi', as well as listing Awiakay and 'Imboin'. However, the scope of these names is somewhat confused. Usher notes,

An Enga-based pidgin is also used by speakers of Arafundi languages.

Classification
Laycock (1973) grouped the Arafundi languages with the Ramu languages, although (according to his comments in the introduction) this grouping was apparently impressionistic and not based on either reconstructive work or lexicostatistics. Ross (2005) retains Laycock's grouping without comment. However, Foley (2005) does not include Arafundi within Ramu, and Ethnologue (2009) shows them as an independent family. Foley has suggested instead that the Arafundi and Piawi languages may be related (Comrie 1992), a position confirmed by Timothy Usher.

See also
Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin

References

 Comrie, Bernard. "The recognition of the Piawi language family." In Tom Dutton, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon, eds. The language game: Papers in memory of Donald C. Laycock. 111-113. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 1992.

 Laycock, Donald. Sepik languages - checklist and preliminary classification. Pacific Linguistics B-25. Canberra, 1973.

External links
Arafundi languages database at TransNewGuinea.org

Category:Upper Yuat languages
Category:Languages of East Sepik Province


Paul Haupt

Hermann Hugo Paul Haupt (25 November 1858 in Görlitz – 15 December 1926 in Baltimore, Maryland) was a Semitic scholar, one of the pioneers of Assyriology in the United States.

He studied at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig.  In 1880 he became Privatdozent in the University of Göttingen and from 1883 to 1889 was assistant professor of Assyriology.  In 1883 he became professor of Semitic languages at Johns Hopkins University, but until 1889 continued to lecture in the summer at Göttingen.

He introduced the principle of the neogrammarians into Semitic philology, and discovered the Sumerian language in 1880.

In addition to numerous smaller articles, he projected and edited the Polychrome Bible, a critical edition of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, and a new English translation with notes.  A unique feature of this edition is the use of different colors to distinguish the various sources and component parts in the Old Testament books—each one of which is entrusted to a specialist in biblical studies.

He was an associate editor of Hebräer. In 1881, he  became co-editor with Friedrich Delitzsch of the Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft published in Leipzig.

Haupt received the honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D) from the University of Glasgow in June 1901.

Publications
Der keilinschriftliche Sintfluthbericht (1881)
Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte (1881–82)
Die akkadische Sprache (1882)
Sumerische Familiengesetze (1883)
Nimrodepos (the Gilgamesh epic, 1884–1891)

He published critical texts with notes of:
Canticles (1902)
Koheleth (1905)
Ecclesiastes (1905)
Nahum (1907); Esther (1908)
Micah (1910)
Biblische Liebeslieder (1907)
"Die Schlacht von Taanach", in Studien ... Wellhausen gewidmet (1914)

Notes

References

Category:1858 births
Category:1926 deaths
Category:American Assyriologists
Category:German Assyriologists
Category:German antiquarians
Category:American religious writers
Category:German male non-fiction writers
Category:Translators of the Bible into English
Category:Linguists of Sumerian


Předmostí u Přerova (archaeological site)

Předmostí (Skalka) (often without diacritics as Predmosti or Predmost), situated in the north western part of Přerov, Moravia near the city of Přerov, is an important Late Pleistocene hill site of Central Europe.

A fossil site at Předmostí is located near Přerov in the country Moravia of what is today the Czech Republic. The site was discovered in the late 19th century. Excavations were conducted between 1884 and 1930. As the original material was lost. The skeletal remains of the few dozen people from Předmostí are among the most important finds ever made of anatomically modern humans, and are accompanied by items from the Gravettian culture. A major restriction on the opportunities available for extracting information from this Upper Paleolitic population assembly, however, came with the irreparable damage done to the skeletal material during fire at Mikulov castle near the end of the World War II, which almost completely destroyed the entire collection. For many years, the only sources of scientific information relating to the assemblage available were the two-volume work by Jindřich Matiegka (1934 and 1938) and casts made of the skulls of individuals Předmostí 3 and Předmostí 4, and the endocrania of individuals Předmostí 3, 4, 9 and 101, in the collection of Moravian Museum in Brno.

A fragment of Predmostí 21's mandible was rediscovered in the Museum of Olomouc.

New excavations were conducted.

The Předmostí site appears to have been a living area with associated burial ground with some 20 burials, including 15 complete human interments, and portions of five others, representing either disturbed or secondary burials. Cannibalism has been suggested to explain the apparent subsequent disturbance, though it is not widely accepted. The non-human fossils are mostly mammoth. Many of the bones are heavily charred, indicating they were cooked. Other remains include fox, reindeer, ice-age horse, wolf, bear, wolverine, and hare. Remains of three dogs were also found, one of which had a mammoth bone in its mouth.

The Předmostí site is dated to between 24,000 and 37,000 years old. The people had robust features indicative of a big-game hunter lifestyle. They also share square eye socket openings found in the French material. Skulls of Předmostí individuals are significantly longer and more robust than of modern Europeans, with thick brow ridges, and prognathism, and show marked sexual dimorphism. They also display a degree of variability.

History of research

It was here that Jindřich Wankel, and shortly afterwards  K.J. Maška himself, conducted their excavations. Two years after the words above were written, the endeavours of K.J. Maška – an amateur archeologist with a professional approach-were crowned by the discovery of human bones on an unprecedented scale, together with the first find of a human lower jaw made by Wankel in 1884 and the later finds of M. Kříž (1886) and K. Absolon (1929), there were the fossil human remains discovered at Předmostí.

References
Dolni Vestonice I - the Kiln and Encampment. Don's Maps- Paleolithic European, Russian and Australian Archaeology. Ed. Don Hitchcock.
Jelínek, J., Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Evolution of Man, Prague: Hamlyn (1975).
National Geographic Magazine, The National Geographic Society, October 1988.
Price, T. D., and G. M. Feinman. Images of the past. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. Print.
Pringle, Heather. "Ice Age Communities May Be Earliest Known Net Hunters." Science Magazine 277.5300 (1997): 1203-204. Science. Web. Trinkaus, Erik, *Shreeve, James, The Neandertal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of Modern Human Origins, New York: William Morrow and Company (1995).
Tedlock, Barbara, "The Woman in the Shaman's Body; Reclaiming the feminine in religion and medicine", New York: Bantam Dell, 2005.

Further reading
VELEMINSKÁ, Jana, BRŮŽEK, Jaroslav (eds.) (2008), Early modern humans from Předmostí. Praha, Academia.
ABSOLON, Karel,(1929), New finds of fossils human skeleton in Moravia. Archeologie 7, 1-2 p. 79-89
JELÍNEK, Jan, ORVÁNOVÁ, E.(1999), Předmostí hominid remains. An up-dates. Czech and Slovak republics. In: Orban, R, Semal, F (eds.) Antropologie et Prehistorie, Suppl. 9, p. 70-77

Category:Aurignacian
Category:Paleoanthropology
Category:Hominini
Category:Archaeological sites in the Czech Republic
Category:Upper Paleolithic sites in Europe
Category:Prehistory of the Czech lands
Category:South Moravian Region
Category:Former populated places in the Czech Republic
Category:European archaeology


Igor Shevchenko (disambiguation)

Igor Shevchenko is a Russian footballer.

Igor or Ihor Shevchenko may also refer to:

Ihor Shevchenko (born 1971), Ukrainian politician
Igor Shevchenko (lawyer), Russian from Ukraine and prosecutor of Sevastopol
Ihor Ševčenko (1922–2009), Polish-born philologist and historian of Ukrainian origin

See also
Shevchenko


Pleasures U Like

Pleasures U Like is the third studio album by Jon B. It's his first album under Tracey Edmonds' new label Edmonds Record Group. Edmonds formed the new label after Jon's previous label home Yab Yum Records folded. On Pleasures U Like, Jon reunites with past producers Babyface and Tim Kelley and Bob Robinson, who each produce one song. Also present on the album is Joshua P. Thompson, a songwriter and producer who is best known for his work with the R&B singer Joe.

Despite the album being certified gold, Jon felt it was not marketed and promoted properly. The only song released from the album as a single was "Don't Talk"- which was due primarily to Jon wanting to get out of his contract with Epic Records. As a result, this would be his final album released on a major label. Ten years after the release of Pleasures U Like, a song from the album "Calling on You" would later be known as the sample on Drake's song "Cameras" from his second album Take Care.
The album bowed at number 6 on the Billboard 200 and No.3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart selling 99,000 in its debut week, becoming the first top 10 for Jon B.

Track listing
From Allmusic.

"Interlude" (Jonathan Buck) 1:11
"Finer Things" (featuring Nas) (Jonathan Buck, Nasir Jones) 5:01
"Vibezelect (Interlude)" (Jonathan Buck) 0:20
"Don't Talk" (Jonathan Buck) 4:44
"Sof'n Sweet" (Jonathan Buck, Tommy Brown) 5:03
"Overjoyed (featuring Faith Evans) (Jonathan Buck, Denaine Jones) 5:36
"Boy is Not a Man" (Joshua P. Thompson, Quincy Patrick, Jonathan Buck) 4:21
"Lonely Girl" (Kenneth Edmonds, Jonathan Buck) 4:28
"Cocoa Brown" (Jonathan Buck) 3:57
"What Up Boogotti? (Interlude)" (Jonathan Buck) 0:14
"All I Want is You" (featuring Cuban Link) (Jonathan Buck, Felix Delgado) 5:12
"Been Played (Interlude)" (Jonathan Buck) 0:53
"Layaway" (featuring AZ) (Jonathan Buck, Anthony Cruz) 4:49
"Pleasures U Like"  (Jonathan Buck, Phillip White, Shawn Rivera, Darryl Anthony Hawes, LeDon Bishop, Ngai McGee) 3:49
"Now That I'm With You" (Tim Kelley, Bob Robinson, Jonathan Buck) 4:17
"My Seed With You (Interlude)" (Jonathan Buck) 0:24
"Tell Me" (Jonathan Buck) 4:56
"Calling on You" (Jonathan Buck, Ngai McGee) 4:40
"Inside" (Jonathan Buck, David Kopp) 4:57
"Do it All Again" (Jonathan Buck, David Kopp) 4:55

Personnel

 Drum programming: Jon B., Tommy Brown, Babyface, Tim Kelley, David Kopp
 Keyboards: Jon B., Tommy Brown, Babyface, Tim Kelley, David Kopp
 Fender Rhodes: Bob Robinson
 Acoustic piano: Bob Robinson
 Bass: Kevin Buck, Nathan East
 Guitar: Joshua P. Thompson, Eric Jackson, Bob Robinson, Tim Kobza
 Cello: Kevin Buck
 Horn conduction and arrangement: Bill Meyers
 Background vocals: Jon B., Faith Evans, Babyface, Kenisha L. Greene, LeDon Bishop, Shawn Rivera, Phillip "Silky" White
 Recording: Jerome Goodall, Conley Abrams, Jon B., Earl Cohen, Paul Boutin, Jeffrey Thomas, Tim Kelley, Dave Pensado
 Mixing: Michael Patterson, Dave Pensado, Dave Guererro, Earl Cohen, Jon Gass, Jon B., Manny Marroquin, Conley Abrams, Josean Posey, Victor McCoy
 Mastering: Chris Gehringer
 Executive Producers: Jon B., Tracey Edmonds, Michael McQuarn, Jeff Burroughs
 Art direction and design: JayJay Jackson
 Photography: Norman Jean Roy

Chart history

Album

References

Category:2001 albums
Category:Albums produced by Tim & Bob
Category:Epic Records albums
Category:Jon B. albums


Caio Koch-Weser

Caio Kai Koch-Weser (born July 25, 1944 in Rolândia, Brazil) is a German economist, civil servant and business executive. He was Secretary of State in the Federal Ministry of Finance 1999–2005. Prior to becoming Secretary of State, he served in the World Bank in a number of positions for 26 years, from 1991–1999 as Vice President and from 1996–1999 as Managing Director of Operations. He is now a Vice Chairman and senior adviser with Deutsche Bank.

Background and early life
Koch-Weser was born and grew up in Brazil, since his parents and grandparents had left Germany due to the rise of Nazism. He is the grandson of liberal politician and former German Federal Minister of Justice and Vice Chancellor Erich Koch-Weser, who had a Jewish mother.

Caio Koch-Weser settled in West Germany in 1961, at 17, where he took his Abitur and went on to study economics, sociology and history in Münster, Berlin and Bonn.

He is married to Maritta Rogalla von Bieberstein, of the noble Rogalla von Bieberstein family.

Career in the World Bank
Koch-Weser joined the World Bank in 1973. He served as Personal Assistant to the President of the Bank Robert McNamara (1977–1980), Division Chief for China (1980–1986) and Director of Western Africa Department (1986–1990). In 1990 he was assigned to the Treasurer's Department, and in 1991 he became Vice President of Middle East and North Africa (MNA). He was appointed one of the Managing Directors of the World Bank in 1996. During his career in the World Bank, he mostly lived in Washington D.C., but also worked in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

Secretary of State in the Ministry of Finance
In May 1999 he was appointed Secretary of State in the Federal Ministry of Finance, and as such the administrative head of the Ministry and deputy of the Federal Minister of Finance. Despite being appointed to a political position in the SPD government, he is not member of a political party.

He was nominated by the German government for the post as head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2000, but because he was rejected by the United States, the German government eventually nominated Horst Köhler, who was elected. Horst Köhler, one of Koch-Weser's predecessors as Secretary of State in the Ministry of Finance, would later become President of Germany.

After politics
After the 2005 elections and the formation of a new government under Chancellor Angela Merkel, Koch-Weser decided to leave his post at the Ministry of Finance, and was appointed to the board of Deutsche Bank, as Vice Chairman, in January 2006. He is also active as an advisor for major customers of the bank on financial, economic and strategic developments, and represents the bank in key public forums worldwide. He has been based in London since 2006.

Corporate boards
 BG Group, Non-Executive Member of the Board of Director (2010-2016)

Non-profit organizations
 Blum Center for Developing Economies at the University of California, Berkeley, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Chatham House, Member of the Panel of Senior Advisers
 World Resources Institute (WRI), Member of the Board
 Global Commission on the Economy and Climate (NCE), Member of the Board
 Centre for European Reform (CER), Member of the Board
 European Climate Foundation, Chair of the Board (2013-2018)
 Bertelsmann Foundation, Member of the Board
 World Economic Forum, Member of the Board
 Bruegel, Member of the Board

References

Category:German politicians
Category:World Bank people
Category:1944 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian people of German descent
Category:People from Rolândia


Peggy Littleton

Peggy "Peg" Littleton is the county commissioner for Colorado Springs, Colo., the second-largest city in Colorado and the 41st-largest city in the United States. Her Commissioner District 5 is a jurisdiction of El Paso County, Colo., the state's most populous county.

Littleton became a candidate for the United States Senate Jan. 20, 2016, hoping to unseat Sen. Michael Bennet, D-Colo. National media had identified Bennet among the more vulnerable Democrats in 2016.

Voters elected Littleton to the State Board of Education in November 2004 to serve Colorado's Fifth Congressional District. She won a six-year term with 178,561 votes, 62 percent of ballots cast in an election that garnered 90 percent participation from registered voters. As her State Board of Education term expired in 2010, Littleton ran successfully for a county commissioner seat  and was re-elected in 2014. She won both county elections by more than 60 percent of the vote in a purple district composed equally of registered Republicans, Democrats and independents.

The State Board of Education honored Littleton with a resolution in Dec. 2010 for her contributions to Colorado children and children of military personnel.

Early life and personal
Littleton grew up in Longmont, Colo., a Boulder County municipality neighboring the college town of Boulder — known for progressive politics and culture. Her father was a union member and equipment maintenance worker for 30 years with AT&T; her mother a teacher. She has lived in Colorado Springs since the summer of 1993. Littleton was born in Sidney, Neb., and moved to Fort Morgan, Colo., when she was 4. After graduation from High School, Littleton spent a year abroad as a Rotary Youth Exchange student in Austria.

Littleton's three grown children were home schooled, then attended private, public charter and traditional public schools.

Political experience
Littleton was elected to the Colorado State Board of Education in 2004, nine months after being elected to fill a vacancy. She won with 178,561 votes, which was 62 percent of votes cast in an election with participation of 90 percent of registered voters. After completing a six-year term, she ran for the El Paso County Board of Commissioners.

Littleton was elected as commissioner for El Paso County's District 5 in 2010 and was sworn into office Jan. 11, 2011. Littleton was reelected in 2014 by 64 percent of the vote in a contest with Democratic challenger Jariah Walker.

Sheriff controversy
Littleton was the first county commissioner to call for the resignation of embattled El Paso County Sheriff Terry Maketa, who subsequently left office amid allegations and lawsuits that claimed he created a hostile work environment and had affairs with subordinates. One employment complaint claimed the sheriff used female employees as "sexual playthings" who were rewarded with promotions for sexual favors. Littleton's demand for resignation was not supported by fellow commissioners, until later.

Term limit reinstatement
Prior to Littleton's first election as county commissioner, public controversy erupted after El Paso County Commissioners placed what was criticized as deliberately misleading language on the 2010 ballot. The measure asked whether county officials should be limited to three terms. After the measure passed, some voters claimed they were duped. Commissioners were already limited to two terms and critics claimed an extension of terms was written to appear as a reduction. Upon assuming office in 2011, Littleton fought to put the question to voters again with less confusing language. Voters in 2011 restored the limitation of two terms.

Career
Littleton taught at Cheyenne Mountain Charter Academy and Colorado Springs Christian Schools.

Littleton was appointed director of Colorado GEAR UP grant, which was administered by the office of Republican Gov. Bill Owens. Colorado GEAR UP is the state's program to prepare low-income and first generation students for college.

As an educational consultant, Littleton has conducted professional staff development seminars for teachers nationwide. She has worked as a consultant with Gibson Hasbrouck & Associates. Her focus is training teachers to combine data-driven and differentiated instruction in the classroom.

Littleton is a licensed Realtor.

Gubernatorial appointments
 Homeland Security and All-Hazards Advisory Council
 Coroners Training and Standards Board

Boards, committees and commissions service
 Read to Achieve
 The Dyslexia Center
 PACE (Parental Alliance for Choice in Education)
 National Association of Justice and Public Safety Steering Committee
 Pikes Peak Rural Transportation Authority Board of Directors
 El Paso County Board of Retirement
 El Paso-Teller County 911 Authority Board
 El Paso County Emergency Services Agency
 Pikes Peak Library Board
 Liaison to the Offices of the Sheriff and Clerk and Recorder

Awards and publications
 Granted the Charter Friend Award for Policy
 State Board of Education resolution recognizing contributions to Colorado children and children of military personnel
 Contributor to reports published by the National Association of State Boards of Education NASBE, some of which are "E Pluribus Unum (ELL)," "Adolescent Literacy," and "From Planning to Practice (ECE)."

Education
Upon return from Austria, Littleton enrolled at Colorado State University. After her junior year of study at CSU, Littleton completed her Bachelor of Science degree with Regents University, which became Excelsior College in Albany, New York.

References

Category:County commissioners in Colorado
Category:Women in Colorado politics
Category:Excelsior College alumni
Category:Colorado State University alumni
Category:Living people
Category:School board members in Colorado
Category:People from Sidney, Nebraska
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem

The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem is a result on the combinatorics of block designs. It states that if a (v, b, r, k, λ)-design exists with v = b (a symmetric block design), then:
 if v is even, then k − λ is a square;
 if v is odd, then the following Diophantine equation has a nontrivial solution:
 x2  − (k − λ)y2 − (−1)(v−1)/2 λ z2 = 0.

The theorem was proved in the case of projective planes in . It was extended to symmetric designs in .

Projective planes
In the special case of a symmetric design with λ = 1, that is, a projective plane, the theorem (which in this case is referred to as the Bruck–Ryser theorem) can be stated as follows: If a finite projective plane of order q exists and q is congruent to 1 or 2 (mod 4), then q must be the sum of two squares.  Note that for a projective plane, the design parameters are v = b = q2 + q + 1, r = k = q + 1, λ = 1. Thus, v is always odd in this case.

The theorem, for example, rules out the existence of projective planes of orders 6 and 14 but allows the existence of planes of orders 10 and 12.  Since a projective plane of order 10 has been shown not to exist using a combination of coding theory and large-scale computer search, the condition of the theorem is evidently not sufficient for the existence of a design.  However, no stronger general non-existence criterion is known.

Connection with incidence matrices
The existence of a symmetric (v, b, r, k, λ)-design is equivalent to the existence of a v × v incidence matrix R with elements 0 and 1 satisfying

where  is the v × v identity matrix and J is the v × v all-1 matrix.  In essence, the Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem is a statement of the necessary conditions for the existence of a rational v × v matrix R satisfying this equation.  In fact, the conditions stated in the Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem are not merely necessary, but also sufficient for the existence of such a rational matrix R.  They can be derived from the Hasse–Minkowski theorem on the rational equivalence of quadratic forms.

References

 van Lint, J.H., and R.M. Wilson (1992), A Course in Combinatorics.  Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press.

External links

Category:Theorems in combinatorics
Category:Theorems in projective geometry
Category:Statistical theorems
Category:Design of experiments


Jászszentlászló

Jászszentlászló is a village in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary. It lies just south of Kiskunfélegyháza and just north of Kiskunmajsa.  The town is a stop on the railroad line between Kecskemét and Baja.

Geography
It covers an area of  and has a population of 2632 people (2002).

Economy
There are several agricultural enterprises. Some pumpjacks still raise crude oil from the ground.

References

External links
 Hivatalos oldal
 Startlap linkgyűjtemény

Category:Populated places in Bács-Kiskun County


Breitenbush River

The Breitenbush River is a tributary of the North Santiam River in western Oregon in the United States. It drains a rugged, forested area of the Cascade Range east of Salem.

It descends from several short forks in the Mount Jefferson Wilderness in the high Cascades of eastern Marion County.  The South Fork Breitenbush River begins at creeks flowing from Bays Lake and Russell Lake within Jefferson Park at approximately elevation  and flows west-northwest, joining with other forks. The North Fork Breitenbush River begins at Breitenbush Lake (mostly on the Warm Springs Reservation) and joins with another fork which passes by Pyramid Lake.  It flows west-northwest and connects with a half dozen other forks and creeks then turns west-southwest abeam Bald Butte.  Several more creeks and Mink Creek and Rapidam Creek join before another fork.

The North and South forks flow west, joining  east of the small community of Breitenbush. The combined stream flows generally west-southwest through the Willamette National Forest. It joins the North Santiam at Detroit. The lower  of the river cut what is now an arm of Detroit Lake, formed by the Detroit Dam on the North Santiam.  During the winter draw down of the reservoir, the original bed of the river is visible in its natural course.

See also
 Breitenbush Hot Springs
 List of rivers of Oregon

References

External links

 USGS statistics report
 USGS gage readings

Category:Cascade Range
Category:Rivers of Oregon
Category:Rivers of Marion County, Oregon
Category:Willamette National Forest