Duel Masters

{{Infobox animanga/Video
|type = tv series
|title = Duel Masters (2017 TV series)'
|director = Shinobu Sasaki
|producer =
|writer = Yoichi Kato
|music = Jun'ichi Igarashi
|studio = Ascension   Brain's Base
|licensee =
|network = TV Tokyo
|network_en =
|first = April 2, 2017
|last =
|episodes =126
|episode_list =
}}

 is a media franchise consisting of a manga, several anime series, a trading card game, and a video game. The original manga sold 4.5 million copies in Japan.

Plot
The story centers around the card game Duel Masters, which revolves around five civilizations consisting of Fire, Water, Light, Darkness and Nature. The original storyline follows Shobu Kirifuda, a young boy who likes to play Duel Masters. He and a few duelists are known to bring the monsters on the cards to life in their duels. Shobu engages in this card game so that he can be the best duelist like his father was.

Characters

Main characters

The show's protagonist and Knight's apprentice. He aspires to become a great duelist like his father, Shori Kirifuda. Shobu keeps a positive attitude throughout the series, insisting on dueling for fun as opposed to simply winning. In the first season, Shobu takes on the challenge of defeating the temple champion, Hakuoh, who he feels has become corrupt with power. Throughout this portion of the series, Shobu must defeat Hakuoh's underlings while he struggles to understand the true spirit of dueling. In his duel with Hakuoh, as Shobu faces off against the strongest of all Angel Commands, he is forced to make a crucial decision. He must either accept the help of his friends and "wind up like Ko" (Kokujo having been injured in a Kaihudo duel) or give up on his friends and "end up like Hakuoh", who had become cold and heartless. All in all Shobu is brave, strong, and has the guts never to give up, just like his favorite creatures. He uses a Fire Civilization deck which later becomes a Dragon Deck and even later evolves into a Dragon/Angel Command deck. After being defeated in a later season he loses most of his deck but is guided to his father's deck by the spirits of Bolmeteus Samurai Dragon and Bolbalzak "Sword Flash" Dragon. This new deck is a Dragon and Samurai deck. Soon after he combined elements from the 2 decks and created a Samurai Dragon/Angel Command deck (Fire, Light & Nature civilizations). As of Duel Masters Cross his main cards are: Bolmeteus "Kensei" Dragon, Bolshack Yamato Dragon, Bolbalzak "Sword Flash" Dragon and Saint Bolshack, Spiritual Dragon. After losing Saint Bolshack, Valkiryas Musashi, Ultimate Battle Dragon and Sword Flash Galaxy, Super Champ became his trump cards as well. Later, his trump card becomes Bolshack NEX. He defeated Zakira with Bolpheaus Heaven in the manga. Shobu also appeared in the anime movie "Rockman.EXE: Program Between Light and Darkness."

 (Japanese); Joe Ochman (English)
Hakuoh is the archrival of Shobu Kirifuda. Hakuoh came from a prominent dueling family, and specialized in Light civilization from a young age. At that time, he was a reflection of Shobu, a young kid who loved the game above all else. This changed, however, when a mysterious duelist appeared and challenged Hakuoh to his first Kaijudo duel. Unaware of the dangers involved in a Kaijudo duel, Hakuoh became overconfident and was nearly killed as a result. Instead of being crushed by his opponent's attack, however, Hakuoh was pushed out of the way by his mother, who was fatally wounded. Since then, Hakuoh has become a cold-hearted villain and Shobu's main rival. Hakuoh no longer sees any fun in dueling and decides that one's value as a human being is determined by their ability to win and will rest at nothing to "be the best". As a result, Hakuoh becomes a dueling champion and the leader of the White Soldiers. To protect his title, Hakuoh is protected by four Temple Guardians. Later in the series, he is challenged by Shobu Kirifuda (who Hakuoh recognizes as a reflection of his former self). As he is consumed with power, Hakuoh not only desires to defeat Shobu, but to crush him entirely and destroy his dreams of dueling. "For when I defeat you, you shall never duel again!". He proclaims himself as "a shadowy reflection" of Shobu. As the dueling intensifies, Shobu realizes the danger in abandoning his friends, as he may wind up like the heartless Hakuoh. Hakuoh is finally defeated by Shobu and later he befriends him for showing him the true nature of dueling. In Duel Masters Charge, Hakuoh allies himself with Zakira (the series' main villain) after being brainwashed into becoming his pawn, "White". In Duel Masters Zero, he becomes similar to his old self and appears to be working with Professor Machi (a mad scientist who lures duelists to a deserted island). In Duel Masters Cross, he tries to stop Zakira by challenging him to a kaijudo duel, but was defeated. Afterwards, his "White" personality overtook him once again. However, after beating Mimi in a duel, he was able to return to his old self after seeing the damage he had caused. Hakuoh uses a Light Civilization deck. In Season one, it is a mono-civilization deck focusing on a combination of Urth, Purifying Elemental, Szubs Kin Twighlight Guardian, and Dia Nork, Moonlight Guardian, with his intent on evolving Urth into Alcadeias, Lord of Spirits. This first deck relies heavily on blockers, which leaves him vulnerable to Shobu's "Scralet Skyterror." Later, in Duel Masters Cross, he is given a Light/Darkness Knight deck by Zakira. His main cards are Urth Purifying Elemental, Hanusa Radiance Elemental, Alcadies Lord of Spirits, Alphadios Lord of Spirits, King Alcadeias, Holy Gaia; Perfect Galaxy, Spirit of Immortality; and most recently, Nero Gryphis, Mystic Light Emperor.

A self-proclaimed "evil genius" and another of Shobu's main rivals throughout the series. Other characters make fun of his outlandishly styled long hair and all-black leather outfit. He uses a Darkness Civilization Deck, but later on in the subsequent series, it becomes a Darkness/Water deck. He has earned the nickname "Black Death", because of his relentless tactics and masterful use of Darkness civilization. Kokujo claims to have become evil because others said he could not become a kaijudo master. In Season 2 he helps Shobu to defeat P.L.O.O.P. (once again using a mono-Darkness deck). In Season 3, he defeated Mimi but lost to Yumama in the semifinals (due to her using supernatural powers in the end to knock him unconscious). In Duel Masters Charge he helps Shobu in their quest, but still works individually. His ultimate cards are Dorballom, Lord of Demons, Ballom, Master of Death, Ballom Emperor, Lord of Demons, Ballom Monarch, the Dark Reaper King, XENOM, the Reaper King, Dark Strike, Reaper Beast, Bell Hell De Gaul, Footprint of the Reaper and most recently added, Black Ganveet, Legion of Darkness.

Shobu's family

Shobu's father and a world famous duelist. Shori left home to continue his training, but he continued to miss his family every day. He reappeared in Season 2 but disappeared again after the defeat of P.L.O.O.P. He makes an appearance in "Duel Masters the Movie" to assist Shobu, only to disappear at its end. In Duel Masters Charge he was believed to have been dead in a Kaijudo duel protecting the "Duel Master's Proof" from Zakira. However, as revealed in Duel Masters Cross Shock, he entrusted Extreme Bucket Man with a deck case to be given to Shobu. It wasn't until later that he was discovered to be alive (only previously 'deleted') and free from exile where he reunites with his son. He plays with a deck similar to, but more advanced than Shobu's, with Bolberg Cross Dragon acting his trump card.

Shobu's mother and Shori's wife. To help Shobu on different occasions, she has occasionally taken on the persona of a second "Dragon Mask" (the persona being first used by Knight) and challenged him.

Shobu's friends

Shobu's best friend and loyal sidekick. Even though he is an expert at the rules Rekuta is a terrible duelist, often going without a single win during a tournament. He's often seen with his portable laptop to keep track of important duels. As a running joke, he is often accidentally sent flying into the air. In one instance which only occurred in the English version, he was sent flying into space (against a live-action backdrop) and crashed into a space station. He has almost every card ever released (since his father  owns a card shop) but cannot correctly use the cards. In the manga, his "otakudom" in card collecting often helps Shobu, or at least give him a clue or a hint towards winning a duel.

Appearing only in the anime, Sayuki Manaka is another one of Shobu's close friends, who is also in his class at school. A kind girl with a sweet and usually soft-spoken disposition, she cares deeply for Shobu and is always ready to help him and comfort him when he's down. In addition, she is always present to see Shobu's matches and constantly cheers him on. Sayuki is shown to participate in duels on occasion, but is mainly there for Shobu throughout the series. In the English version, Sayuki has an attitude despite being soft-spoken, and is very critical.

Another member of Shobu's posse. Mimi first appeared to be both ditzy and inept at dueling, but was later revealed to be the second of the Four Temple Guardians at the Junior Duelist Center and an expert player. Mimi also has an undisclosed amount of super-strength which enables her to bring down any walls and other obstacles as well as having good martial arts abilities. As the first season closes with the duel between Shobu and Hakuoh, Mimi reveals that Hakuoh was not always a heartless duelist and her personal connection to Hakuoh has developed into a slight crush throughout the series. She mostly uses Nature Civilization cards, but tends to use Shield Triggers from all 5 civilizations.

A midget in a pink bear suit and is always seen sucking a pacifier and an 8-year-old boy. He rides around in a motor baby carriage and uses a Water Civilization deck, he is a skillful duelist and has even defeated Mimi (a powerful duelist in her own right) fairly easily. In Season 3, he uses a Darkness/Water deck, he also withdraws from the tournament after losing to Yumama.

Dr. Root is a mad scientist who is Boy George's boss and an expert duelist. Outside of that, he also a human-resembling robot named Mr. Perfect and a pilotable giant robot. His eccentric methods always have some hidden lesson to help Shobu and his friends. Dr. Root's real name is Leroy. In Duel Masters Zero, he takes charge of training Shobu and his friends. He has a deck of Survivors in season 1 and in charge he has a Darkness/Water deck similar to Boy George's deck.

NAC is a manga only character. This character is loosely based on , a Japanese card game player who became one of the top Magic: The Gathering players in Asia. He was involved in the making of "Duel Masters", assisting Dai Matsumoto (the manga author's nickname) as a technical advisor (the manga's plot is based around Magic: The Gathering). He has appeared in the manga both as NAC and as a more realistic cameo of himself known as "Nakamura-san". According to one of Dai Matsumoto's omake sections in the manga, NAC was also involved in the development of the Duel Masters card game.

Knight is Shobu's mysterious and soft-spoken mentor. In the English "dub", his inner monologue is a source of much of the show's mature and subtle humor. Despite being Shobu's mentor, he is usually unable to assist his student in times of need due to either Shobu's stubborn attitude or Knight being unable to show up at the scene (such is the case in Shobu's duel with Hakuoh, when Knight reveals he never taught Shobu about dueling against the Light Civilization). Knight does not appear in the manga, although the manga character NAC is similar to him. On one occasion, Dr. Root had Knight take on a "Dragon Mask" persona to duel Shobu in order for him to reclaim his tournament pass. Knight's character is loosely based on the manga only character NAC.

 Extreme Bucketman

A short duelist who wears a bucket on his head. No one knows if Bucketman is male or female. Rekuta believes that Extreme Bucketman is annoying. Bucketman defeated Kokujo before their official match. He lost to Yumama by surrendering, and later, under Zakira's mind control, duels against Shobu. His Deck is Fire and Nature, mostly involving Earth Dragons and Firebirds. His trump card is Soul Phoenix, Avatar of Unity. In the final duel against Yumama, he gives the card to Shobu. In Duel Masters Cross, he plays a Snow Faerie and Initiate deck.

The Temple

Very little is known about the leader of the "Temple" (an organization within the Junior Duelist's Center). Throughout the first season he appears in a long black, hooded robe with his face half concealed by his long blond hair. "The Master" appears as Hakuoh's teacher and dueling coach. Knight suggests that the Master has only taken an interest in Hakuoh because he plans to use the young duelist in obtaining his "revenge" against the creature world who defeated him in a duel causing him to never duel again. "Master" seems to be responsible for Hakuoh's brainwashing and even pushes Hakuoh to attack Shobu with Alcadeias after his defeat. Master disappears after Hakuoh's defeat in Season 1 and hasn't reappeared since.

Fritz the Goblin
Fritz is a goblin who works at the Junior Duelist's Center. He is often mistakenly called a squirrel. Anyone who wants to enroll in the Junior Duelist's Center has to answer his riddles.

A midget who is the former gatekeeper of the Junior Duelist Center and part of an organization known as the . He was discharged by Hakuoh after losing to Shobu (who he had quickly befriended). Nobody knows how old he is and he often carries around a man-purse and an abacus. Kintaro returned in Season Three, having regained Hakuoh's friendship. He lost to Extreme Bucketman in the finals.

Temple Guardians
The Temple Guardians are the elite members of the White Soldiers that work under Hakuoh. Among the members of the Temple Guardians are:

The first of the . He uses a Fire deck, and during his duel with Shobu he purposely mimicked everything he did in order to throw him off. Mikuni managed to defeat Shobu, but Mimi managed to convince the Master to invite Shobu to try again in a duel against Mikuni. He is defeated by Shobu the second time around and thus he quickly befriends him. Due to his defeat at the hands of Shobu, Hakuoh ends up discharging Mikuni. He resurfaces in Season Three having regained Hakouh's friendship. He lost to Robby Rotten, where his name mysteriously changed to Johnny Coolburns. It was later "explained" that this and other plot holes in the show were due to Season Three happening in an alternate dimension.

Temple Guardian 2
See Mimi Tasogare

 / Benny HaHa

The third of the Four Temple Guardians. In the English dub, Benny is Mimi's "twin brother" where he had different plastic surgeries to look older where he claims that he is one minute older than Mimi. Benny is often seen piloting a robot suit and first appears where he destroys Mimi's access card upon her defeat and wrecks her deck. He often cheats and relies on deceit in his duels. His constant defeat at the hands of the series' heroes has led him to hate both Shobu and Hakuoh. Benny returns in Season Three claiming to have turned over a new leaf, but this is quickly revealed to be an act. Benny forces Hakuoh into dueling before their match in a self-made Duel Masters Battle Arena by taking Aizen and Johnny Coolburns as hostage. As each of Hakuoh's shields are broken, Benny shocks his prisoners with a hidden trap, as a part of his plan to torture Hakuoh by harming his friends. As a result, Hakuoh vows to defeat Benny without losing any more shields, and agrees to forfeit if another one of his shields is broken in order to spare his friends. Hakuoh manages to complete the "perfect duel" and defeat Benny despite his many attempts to cheat. Afterward, Benny detonates a bomb beneath the stadium and seriously injures Hakuoh so that he is unable to duel him the next morning. With Hakuoh eliminated, he ends up dueling Shobu again and loses. It is revealed that he is also working with Yumama. After he lost to Shobu, Benny was banished by Yumama and trapped in a room with Boy George which they both escaped in the same episode. He uses a Water Civilization Deck and later a Wave Striker Deck during his tournament match with Shobu.

The fourth of the Four Temple Guardians who also worked as the Temple's janitor. He was defeated by Kyoshiro Kokujo before he could fight Shobu. He also lost to Hakuoh in Duel Masters Battle Arena Tournament. In the later season, he is shown to be using a Fire/Light Civilization deck. His trump card appears to be Warlord Aizonius.

P.L.O.O.P.
Short for Powerful Loyal Order of Princes, P.L.O.O.P. is an evil organization that plot to use monsters from the Civilizations of the Creature World to take over Earth. This organization is seen only in the "second season" that was created for America. Among the known members are:

Prince Irving the Terrible
Shobu encountered him in the Light Civilization.

Prince Melvin the Conqueror
Shobu encountered him in the Water Civilization.

Princess Pollyana of Green Gables
She is a minor P.L.O.O.P. member who Shobu encountered in the Nature Civilization and works with Prince Wilbur the Great. She first appeared in Logville Village where she dueled against Shobu and lost. Princess Pollyana helped Prince Wilbur to capture Master Pangaea. She dueled against Flora (whose father was captured by Pollyana and Wilbur) and lost to her.

Prince Wilburg the Great
Shobu encountered him in the Nature Civilization.

Prince Maurice the Merciless
Shobu encountered him in the Darkness Civilization.

Prince Herbert the Ruthless
He is a minor PLOOP member who Shobu encountered at the gates of the Fire Civilization.

Prince Eugene the Mean
Shobu encountered him in the Fire Civilization. Eugene used to be a dueling champ in the good world and that he even beat Knight in the Season Two episode "Deck Me Baby One More Time." Knight and Eugene meet and Knight explains what happened. Eugene also says "I used to duel for trophies. Now I duel for money."

Black Soldiers
The Black Soldiers are a group of duelists that are the opposite form of Hakuoh's White Soldiers. Most of the Black Soldiers consists of duelists that were unable to defeat Hakuoh when wanting to become a member of the White Soldiers. They entered the Battle Arena Tournament to beat all of its players. After the defeat of most of the Black Soldier, most of the unnamed members left the group when Yumama came into view. Besides its various unnamed members, among its known members are:

Robby Rotten
Leader of the Black Soldiers. He wanted to be a member of Hakouh's White Soldiers, but was denied membership even when he had defeated Mikuni. He formed the Black Soldiers so that he can duel Hakuoh. Unfortunately for him, he was defeated by Shobu and was last seen being interrogated by Yumama about Shobu.

Akakan
Member of the Black Soldiers and Robby Rotten's right-hand man. He is the strongest of the Black Soldiers. Akakan was defeated by Boy George.

Multi-Card Monty
Member of the Black Soldiers. He likes to tell long stories and confuse his opponent before the duel while shuffling his deck. Akakan was defeated by Mimi.

Ishiguro
Member of the Black Soldiers. Ishiguro had previously wanted to meet Hakuoh when he was a student of the Temple. He defeated most of the Temple's students in a duel, but lost to Mikuni (who admitted that his duel against Ishiguro was tough). He joined up with the Black Soldiers in order to duel Hakuoh and took part in the Battle Arena Tournament. Ishiguro was defeated in a duel by Hakuoh who acknowledges Ishiguro as a strong duelist.

Other antagonists
 / Yumama
A mysterious girl who can duel and read a book at the same time. She has the ability to stand on the ceiling and is commonly seen reading her teen heart throb book, filled with 400 pages of pictures of cute boys, although towards the end of the third season, she discovers that the pages are really blank. She defeated Boy George, Yuki and Kokujo right before they were supposed to duel making her win instantly. She was a childhood friend of Extreme Bucketman. While she appears to be the cause of all the disruption in the tournament, she is really a pawn of her malicious older brother, Zakira. After she is released, she becomes an ally of Shobu, along with Bucketman. While brainwashed, her trump cards are Cruel Naga, Avatar of Fate and Super Necrodragon Abzo Dolba. In Duel Masters Cross her deck contains all 5 civilizations and is focused on creatures who have the following effect: "If this card is discarded during your opponent's turn, you may put this card into the Battle Zone instead of the Graveyard". Afterwards, she changes her deck into a Light, Water and Darkness civilization deck based on the Knight race using Brunhilde, Ghost Knight and Nero Gryphis, Mystic Light Emperor as her trump cards.

Zakira Fua (不亞･ザキラ Fua Zakira, real name：ザキラ・ジョール Zakira Joule aka. "Z")
The main antagonist of both the third season, Duel Masters Charge and the Duel Master Cross series. An evil duelist, the nemesis of Shobu's father, and the one controlling Yumama, who is his younger sister, from the start. His goal is to obtain the "Duel Master's Proof" and use it for his evil means. He has multiple agents working under him, and operates from a large castle. His agents are ranked in terms of increasing power from A-Z (Z being himself). He uses a combination of Fire, Darkness and Water cards (most of his creatures are Zombie Dragons) with his deck being focused on sending cards to the graveyard (his and his opponent's), sometimes outright destroying them, and benefiting from it. Later in the series he changes his deck to a Darkness/Light Knight deck, his main trump cards being Romanoff the 1st, Lord of the Demonic Eye, Death Romanoff the 5th, General of the Demonic Eye, King Balcry, Demonic Eye Lord and Supernova Death Dragerion.

A character introduced in Duel Masters Zero who is the most recent antagonist. He invited Shobu and his friends to a tournament on an uncharted island, but it was really a trap. After kidnapping Dr. Root, he forces Shobu, Mimi, and George to duel his associates.

A character introduced in Duel Masters Zero who is the current Duel Master Champion of the world. Darcy was once an apprentice to Professor March. Zakira is challenged by Darcy in one of the final episodes.

Originally appears in Zero Duel Masters as Shobu's newest rival. He starts out as a subordinate of Professor March but in Duel Masters Cross, he joins Shobu and the others in their struggle against Zakira.

Minor characters
Toru
A 17-year-old guy who dueled Shobu in Episode 8. He was a student at the Junior Duelist's Center. He lost and they became friends. He uses a Water and Nature Civilization Deck.

Jamira
A red-haired boy who enjoys cheating in his duels. He was a student at the Junior Duelist's Center. He lost every time when he dueled Shobu. Jamira told Shobu lots of interesting stories and he danced the Viper's Dance. He never hesitates to cheat yet he keeps on losing to Shobu.

Tsuyoshi Saroyama
A squirrel-faced short boy on stilts and older brother of Takeshi Saroyama.

Takeshi Saroyama
Tsuyoshi's tall and muscular "little brother."

Red Afro
The leader of an afro-themed dojo. In the episode "Frotime," Mimi had to duel him in order to reclaim her tournament pass which was given to him by Dr. Root.

Master Yuki
The leader of a dojo for baby duelists. In the episode "Frotime," Boy George had to duel him to reclaim his tournament pass which was given to him by Dr. Root. Master Yuki defeated him, but lost in a rematch. He later appeared in the finals of the tournament where he lost to Yumama.

Media

Manga
The Duel Masters manga series is written by Shigenobu Matsumoto, and published by Shogakukan in the CoroCoro Comic magazine. While none of manga series have been licensed for the U.S., there was a North American-created comic book by Dreamwave Productions.

The original manga series ran from 1999 to 2005 and was compiled into 17 tankōbon volumes. It was followed by Duel Masters: Fighting Edge from 2005 to 2008 (12 volumes), and Duel Masters Star Cross from 2008 to 2011 (9 volumes). Duel Masters Victory was published from 2011 to 2014 (10 volumes) and features an alternate storyline from the anime of the same name.
There is also spinoff manga unrelated to the main series such as Duel Hero:Dash (2 volumes), Duel Masters: Legend Champion VICTORY (3 volumes) and Duel Masters: Revolution (5 volumes).

Volumes

Trading card game

The card game first originated in Japan in May 2002 and was marketed by Takara Tomy. It was produced in English by Wizards of the Coast, who purchased the rights to the name Duel Masters from Reality Simulations, Inc., which ran a play-by-mail gladiator game called Duelmasters, now known as Duel2. The English-language printing of the TCG ran from DM-01 Base Set (May 5, 2004) until DM-12 Thrash of the Hybrid Megacreatures (November 2006). It was the twelfth and final expansion released by Wizards of the Coast for the English-language game before it was discontinued in 2006.

The spin-off product, Kaijudo, was announced by Wizards of the Coast on February 2012. A relaunch of the TCG product line with Wizards of the Coast working along with its parent company Hasbro. It was released on June 26, 2012, with the previous Duel Master cards being rendered incompatible. Wizards of the Coast discontinued Kaijudo in 2014.

Anime
The first television series originally premiered in Japan on October 21, 2002 and ran until April 4, 2003. To date, the series has been followed by 13 sequel seasons. Duel Masters was followed by Duel Masters Charge, which is mostly based on the manga; Zero Duel Masters, which takes place in an alternate timeline; Duel Masters Zero, which continues the story from where Charge left off; and Duel Masters Cross & Duel Masters Cross Shock. From Duel Masters Zero until Duel Masters Victory V, the series was broadcast in a 10-minute, quarter-hour format.Duel Masters Victory premiered on April 2, 2011 and introduced a new protagonist named Katta Kirifuda, the younger brother of Shobu, and centers around his journey to become a champion. Its storyline follows from the events of the Duel Masters: Star Cross manga series. Victory was followed by Duel Masters Victory V, Duel Masters Victory V3, Duel Masters Versus, Duel Masters Versus Revolution, and Duel Masters Versus Revolution Final. The 2017 Duel Masters anime and its sequel, Duel Masters!, introduced Joe Kirifuda and focused on his adventures in the Creature World.

A spin-off series, Shinseiki: Duel Masters Flash aired from April 10, 2006 to March 23, 2007. The series follows Teru Yumemi, who must protect the ARC pendant from the antagonistic Nest organization.

 Overview

Episode list

English Version
The English-language version of the series was produced by Hasbro Entertainment and Plastic Cow Productions. It made a truncated three-episode preview premiere on Cartoon Network's Toonami block on February 27, 2004. The series then made its official premiere on April 13, 2004, as part of the Saturday Video Entertainment System block, with fewer edits. When Toonami was moved to Saturdays, the block premiered the rest of the series. It was also aired in a 6:00 AM timeslot on early Weekday mornings, as part of Cartoon Network's  Early Prime block, which was aimed at kids who were getting ready to go to school during this time.

Only the first Japanese season was localized for the North American market. Duel Masters Sacred Lands was created specifically for American broadcast and is not based on any storyline from the manga series. The series was produced by Hasbro Studios and Elastic Media Corporation and premiered on Cartoon Network on March 26, 2005. Episodes of the English version are currently available for streaming on Tubi TV.Duel Masters Charge was eventually produced for the American market as "Duel Masters 2.0", although only the 1st half was aired.

Sacred Lands episodes

See alsoKaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters''

References

External links

Category:1999 manga
Category:2002 anime television series
Category:2004 anime television series
Category:2005 anime films
Category:2009 anime films
Category:2010 anime films
Category:Anime series
Category:Children's manga
Category:Card games in anime and manga
Category:Nippon Animation
Category:Shogakukan manga
Category:Shōnen manga
Category:Studio Hibari
Category:Shogakukan franchises
Category:TV Tokyo shows
Category:Toonami
Category:YTV shows


Schleuderball

Schleuderball is a sport that originated in the Northwest Germany. It is played by two teams consisting of anywhere from two to eight players. The object of the game is to throw the ball into the opponents end zone. The game is played on a field that is 100-meters long by 15-meters wide (in the United States yards may be substituted for meters). The Schleuderball itself is a 1.5 kilogram leather ball with an attached strap. The primary throw, called a schleuder, is performed by swinging the ball around by the strap, gaining centrifugal force, and releasing in the direction of the opponent's goal. A different type of throw, called a shock, can be thrown by the player who catches an opponent's throw. The two teams alternate schleuders back and forth until one team gets the ball to land inbounds beyond the opponent's goal line.

Rules
The playing field is 100-meters long by 15-meters wide. The first team to throw starts at their own 30-meter line. Their first player throws (or schleuders) the ball by swinging it from the strap and releasing towards the opponent's end of the field. The opposing team waits at their own 30-meter line and cannot advance past it until the first thrower releases the ball. Once the first team releases the ball, the opposing team can move forward to stop its forward progress. If the ball is not caught by the opposing team, then the advancement of the ball ends at either (1) the point at which the ball stops in bounds, (2) the point at which the ball, untouched by the defense, crosses the side boundary line, or (3) the point at which the ball, already touched by the defense, stops out of bounds. The point at which the ball's advancement ends becomes the "line of schleuder," and is where the opposing team takes possession.

If the ball is caught by the defensive team, then the player who caught the ball can throw the ball forward without using the strap. This throw is called a "shock." The point at which the shock is stopped by the original offense is the new line of schleuder for the team who just threw the shock. If a shock throw lands out of bounds, the throw does not count, and the line of schleuder moves back to the point of the catch. The original offense can also catch the shock and throw a return shock the opposite way. This sequence can continue until a maximum of three shocks are thrown. If the third consecutive shock is caught, the throw is voided and the ball is placed at the spot from which the third shock was thrown. The point at which the shock throws stop is the new line of schleuder, and possession transfers to the team who defended the previous schleuder.

Each team must maintain a sequential order (like a batting order in baseball) for their schleuders. A player can only throw a schleuder at their set turn. Shocks, on the other hand, are thrown by the player who catches the ball. After a shock is thrown, the schleuder order resumes as normal.

Goals are scored by landing the ball in the opponents goal. The goal starts at the end of the 100-meter field, and continues indefinitely. The ball must land within the 15-meter side boundaries. One point is scored when a team lands the ball in the goal on their schleuder. Two points are scored if the ball lands in the goal on a shock, including a return shock after a first shock is caught. This is called a shock-point.

Various methods are used to measure the length of a game. The most popular method is to play two halves of fixed times. The team with the highest score at the end of the game is the winner.

History
The game of Schleuderball originated in Northwest Germany. Scott Seeger, a former German professor at the University of Kansas, is credited with introducing the game to the United States. The game has been played in the United States at the University of Kansas, Western Kentucky University, Lewis and Clark Law School, Kettering University, and Knoxville, Tennessee. It is also played at Olathe East High School, Olathe South High School, and Olathe Northwest High School in Olathe, Kansas.

References

Category:Ball games


1932 in Ireland

Events from the year 1932 in Ireland.

Incumbents
 Governor-General:
 James McNeill  (until 1 November 1932)
 Domhnall Ua Buachalla  (from 27 November 1932)
 President of the Executive Council:
 W. T. Cosgrave (CnaG) (until 9 March 1932)
 Éamon de Valera (FF) (from 9 March 1932)

Events
6 January – sale of the pro-Fianna Fáil Derry Journal in Donegal is briefly prohibited.
29 January – Dáil Éireann is dissolved by the Governor-General, James McNeill, bringing ten years of Cumann na nGaedheal rule to an end.
16 February – 1932 Irish general election, results in formation of the first Fianna Fáil government under Éamon de Valera.
March – meteorological observatory moved from Valentia Island to Westwood House near Cahirciveen.
8 March – members of the new Fianna Fáil government meet with members of the Labour Party to discuss unemployment, housing, the Oath and other issues.
9 March – Members of the 7th Dáil assemble.
10 March – one of the first actions of the new Fianna Fáil government is the release of 23 political prisoners.
18 March – the new government suspends the Public Safety Act, lifting the prohibition on a number of organisations including the Irish Republican Army. As a reaction to renewed IRA activity, former National Army Commandant Ned Cronin founds the Army Comrades Association, known as the Blueshirts.
31 March – Dublin Corporation is considering removing Nelson's Pillar from O'Connell Street, Dublin on the grounds that it is an obstruction to traffic.
19 May – the Constitution (Removal of Oath) Bill is passed in Dáil Éireann.
21 May – Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic, lands just outside Derry having taken 14 hours to cross the ocean.
9 June – Éamon de Valera and some members of his government leave for discussions with the British Government concerning the Ottawa Conference.
14 June – the first pictures of the atom-splitting apparatus are released. The machine was constructed by Dr. John Cockcroft and Dr. Ernest Walton of Trinity College, Dublin.
21 June – ocean liners carrying thousands of pilgrims from the United States, Lapland and the Netherlands arrive in Irish ports for the Eucharistic Congress.
22 June – the 31st International Eucharistic Congress opens in Dublin Pro-Cathedral, the greatest gathering of Church dignitaries that Ireland has ever seen. The "Blue Hussars", the ceremonial Mounted Escort of the Irish Army, make their first public appearance as a guard of honour for the Papal Legate.
23 June – 2,000 men attend mass at a High Altar in the Phoenix Park.
24 June – 200,000 women are addressed by the Archbishop of Edinburgh at mass in the Phoenix Park.
26 June – almost a million worshippers attend Pontifical Mass in the Phoenix Park in the final ceremony of the Eucharistic Congress.
30 June – the third Tailteann Games open in Croke Park, Dublin.
1 August – at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, Bob Tisdall wins the 400-metre hurdles. Another Irishman, Dr. Pat O'Callaghan, wins gold in the hammer-throwing event.
18 August – Scottish aviator Jim Mollison takes off from Portmarnock Strand to become the first pilot to make an East-to-West solo transatlantic flight.
23 August – Cumann na nGaedheal leader W. T. Cosgrave criticises Fianna Fáil's policy of retaining the land annuities.
26 September – Éamon de Valera gives his inaugural speech as President of the League of Nations. He criticises complacent resolutions where the demand is for effective action.
9 October – at a Cumann na nGaedheal meeting in County Limerick batons are drawn and shots are fired as General Richard Mulcahy tries to address the crowd.
19 October – unemployed Dubliners march through the streets of Dublin to Leinster House where they hand in a petition to Seán T. O'Kelly.
October – Anglo-Irish Trade War begins.
16 November – the Prince of Wales travels to Belfast for the first time to open the new parliament building at Stormont.
22 November – the new Northern Ireland Parliament building at Stormont is officially opened.
26 November – Domhnall Ua Buachalla succeeds James McNeill as Governor-General of the Irish Free State.

Arts and literature
7 March – Dublin Corporation demands the return of the Hugh Lane pictures from the Tate Gallery in London.
 Austin Clarke's first novel, The Bright Temptation: a romance, is prohibited in Ireland by the Censorship of Publications Board.
 Francis Stuart's novels Pigeon Irish and The Coloured Dome.
 W. B. Yeats leases Riversdale house in the Dublin suburb of Rathfarnham and publishes Words for Music Perhaps, and Other Poems.
 Seán Ó Faoláin publishes his first collection, Midsummer Night Madness and Other Stories, in London.
 Nineteen Irish writers led by Yeats and George Bernard Shaw form an Academy of Irish Letters primarily to oppose the Censorship of Publications Board.
 The first sound film made in Ireland, The Voice of Ireland, is directed by Col. Victor Haddick.
 American dancer Adele Astaire marries English aristocrat Lord Charles Arthur Francis Cavendish (9 May) and they settle at Lismore Castle, one of the Devonshire family seats.

Sport

Football

League of Ireland
Winners: Shamrock Rovers
FAI Cup
Winners: Shamrock Rovers 1 - 0 Dolphins

Golf
Irish Open is won by Alf Padgham (England).

Births
29 January – Bernard Cowen, Fianna Fáil TD and Minister of State (died 1984).
8 February – Raymond James Boland, Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City-Saint Joseph (died 2014).
28 February – Noel Cantwell, international soccer player (died 2005).
10 March – Brigid Hogan-O'Higgins, Fine Gael TD.
15 March – Paddy Crowley, soccer player (died 2006).
29 March – Richard Burke, Fine Gael politician and European Commissioner (died 2016).
1 June – Michael Lipper, Labour Party politician and TD (died 1987).
5 June
Christy Brown, author, painter and poet (died 1981).
Ronnie Dawson, rugby union.
12 June – Alfred Cooper, cricketer.
7 July – Eileen Lemass, Fianna Fáil TD and MEP.
2 August – Peter O'Toole, actor (died 2013).
14 August – Denis Faul, monsignor, Northern Ireland civil rights activist, chaplain to prisoners in Maze Prison during 1981 Irish Hunger Strike (died 2006).
21 August – Gene Fitzgerald, Fianna Fáil TD and MEP (died 2007).
26 August – Dermot Curtis, soccer player.
3 November – Albert Reynolds, Taoiseach and leader of Fianna Fáil (died 2014).
15 December – Edna O'Brien, novelist.
29 December – Eileen Desmond, Labour Party TD, Cabinet Minister, MEP and Seanad Éireann member (died 2005).
Full date unknown
Anne Madden, painter (born in London).
Johnny McGovern, Kilkenny hurler.
Breandán Ó Madagáin, scholar and writer on traditional Irish song (died 2020).

Deaths
1 January – J. J. Clancy, Sinn Féin TD, member of 1st Dáil (b. c1891).
1 January – Margaret Pearse, Fianna Fáil politician, mother of Patrick Pearse and Willie Pearse (born 1857).
17 January – Louis Brennan, inventor (born 1852).
8 February – Mad Dog Coll, mob hitman in New York (born 1908).
26 February – Robert Donovan, cricketer (born 1899).
4 March – James Henry Reynolds, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1879 at Rorke's Drift, South Africa (born 1844).
11 March – Thomas Hunter, member of 1st Dáil representing Cork North East (born 1883).
13 March – John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson, politician and judge, Attorney-General for Ireland and Law Lord (born 1844).
26 March – Horace Plunkett, politician, agricultural reformer and writer (born 1854).
22 May – Augusta, Lady Gregory, dramatist and folklorist (born 1852).
12 June – Catherine Coll, mother of Éamon de Valera (born 1858).
27 June – Arthur Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken, civil servant, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India (born 1847).
14 October – Katherine Plunket, botanical artist and oldest ever person both born and died in Ireland ever (born 1820).

References

Category:1930s in Ireland
Ireland
Category:Years of the 20th century in Ireland


Deacon Daniel Green House

The Deacon Daniel Green House is a historic house at 747 Main Street in Wakefield, Massachusetts.  It is a -story wood-frame house, with a gable roof and clapboard siding.  It was built early in the Federal period (1750-1785), and is one of a few surviving examples of a local architectural variant, three bays wide and four bays deep.  The house was occupied by Deacon Daniel Green in 1785, who moved to South Reading (as Wakefield was then known), from Stoneham.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Wakefield, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts

References

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wakefield, Massachusetts
Category:Federal architecture in Massachusetts
Category:Houses in Wakefield, Massachusetts


Dolichoderus kathae

Dolichoderus kathae is a species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. Described by Shattuck and Marsden in 2013, the species is endemic to semi-arid regions in South Australia.

References

Category:Dolichoderus
Category:Hymenoptera of Australia
Category:Insects described in 2013


Love to the End

Love to the End () is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Lee Young-ah, Hong Soo-ah, Kang Eun-tak, and Shim Ji-ho. The series aired on KBS2 from Monday to Friday from 7:50 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. (KST) starting July 23, 2018.

Cast

Main
 Lee Young-ah as Han Ga-young
 Hong Soo-ah as Kang Se-na
 Kang Eun-tak as Yoon Jung-han
 Shim Ji-ho as Kang Hyun-ki

Ratings
In this table,  represent the lowest ratings and  represent the highest ratings.
NR denotes that the drama did not rank in the top 20 daily programs on that date.
N/A denotes that the rating is not known.

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

Category:Korean Broadcasting System television dramas
Category:2018 South Korean television series debuts
Category:2018 South Korean television series endings
Category:2010s South Korean television series
Category:Korean-language television programs


Keiji (manga)

is a period manga authored by Tetsuo Hara, which was serialized in the Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1990 to 1993. It is an adaptation of the novel  by Keiichiro Ryu and serves as a fictionalized account of the life of Keiji Maeda.

Hana no Keiji is one of Weekly Shōnen Jumps best-selling manga series of all time, with over 17 million copies sold. An English adaptation was published in Raijin Comics under the shortened title Keiji'''.

Characters

A tall military commander who is said to be the best "kabukimono" on Earth. Although the son of Takigawa Kazumasu, he was adopted by Maeda Toshihisa, Toshiie's older brother. Despite this, Toshiie dislikes him. A free-spirited warrior who lives by his own will. His beloved horse is named .

A pint-sized shinobi who formerly served Yotsui Shume. Even though his younger brother was trampled to death by Keiji and his horse Matsukaze, he becomes fascinated with Keiji to the point of infatuation and becomes his follower.

A character original to the manga. A resident from the Village of Seven Faces who has the face of an oni. He fought against Keiji at first in order to rescue his adoptive daughter Ofū, but comes to admire Keiji's character and eventually becomes one of his followers. He possesses enormous strength, as well as the ability to read minds.

Media
MangaHana no Keiji was originally published as a one-shot manga in issue #50 of 1989 of the Weekly Shōnen Jump, released on November 27. The regular serialization started in 1990 in Weekly Shōnen Jump from issue #13, published on March 12, and finished in 1993, in issue #33 published on August 2. 18 tankōbon volumes were published by Shueisha under the "Jump Comics" imprint between July 10, 1990 and November 4, 1993. The series was republished in a 10-volume bunkōban edition by Shueisha, published between March 18 and November 18, 1999. A 15-volume kanzenban edition by Tokuma Shoten was released from September 30, 2004 to October 29, 2005.

In 2003, an English version of the manga was serialized in the short-lived anthology Raijin Comics published by the now-defunct Gutsoon! Entertainment, where the first 26 chapters were printed, until Raijin Comics ceased its publication in 2004. No collected volumes were published.

Spin-offs
In 2008, a Keiji spin-off titled Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Tsuki-gatari-, written by Tetsuo Hara and Nobuhiko Horie and illustrated by Yuji Takemura, began serialization in Shinchosha's Weekly Comic Bunch on November 7.  The series was stopped on August 27, 2010, after Weekly Comic Bunch ended its publication. Nine volumes were published.

In 2010, a sequel entitled Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Sake-gatari started in the brand new magazine Monthly Comic Zenon by Tokuma Shoten on October 25, 2010. The manga finished on January 27, 2014, with ten volumes being published.

A final arc entitled Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Hana-gatari, written by Hara and Horie and illustrated by  Masato Deguchi, was published in the May issue of Monthly Comic Zenon on March 24, 2014. The series finished on October 25, 2018. As of November 20, 2018, fourteen volumes have been published.

Related media
Shueisha released an audiobook version of Hana no Keiji on December 1993. The audiobook stars Akio Ōtsuka as the voice of Keiji Maeda.

A Hana no Keiji video game was developed by TOSE and published by Yojigen for the Super Famicom on November 18, 1994. It is a competitive weapon-based fighting game which adapts the storyline of the manga from the beginning and up until the Fūma Kotarō arc.Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Sake-gatari has been adapted into an anime television series aired on TV Tokyo on July 2, 2013, entitled Gifū Dōdō!! Kanetsugu to Keiji'', and was streamed on Crunchyroll. The 25-episodes series aired until December 17, 2013.

References

External links
 Gifū Dōdō!! official website

Category:1990 manga
Category:1994 video games
Category:Anime series based on manga
Category:Historical anime and manga
Category:Japan-exclusive video games
Category:Samurai in anime and manga
Category:Shinchosha manga
Category:Shōnen manga
Category:Shueisha franchises
Category:Shueisha manga
Category:Studio Deen
Category:Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Category:Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Category:Tokuma Shoten manga
Category:Tose (company) games
Category:TV Tokyo shows
Category:Yojigen games
Category:Versus fighting games
Category:Video games based on anime and manga
Category:Video games developed in Japan


Harold Deeton

Harold Chester Deeton (July 16, 1882 – July 5, 1969) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and curler who was active in the early 1900s. Deeton played professional hockey for the Edmonton Professionals, a team that operated within the Alberta Professional Hockey League for the 1907–08 season and challenged twice for the Stanley Cup.

Deeton was born in Plattsville, Ontario and died in Camrose, Alberta.

Curling career
Deeton won the Macdonald Brier in 1933, playing third for the Alberta team, skipped by Cliff Manahan.

Ice hockey career
Deeton played with the Edmonton Professionals in the APHL in the 1907–08 season and scored 18 goals and 25 points in 10 games that season.

Late in December in 1908, prior to the start of the 1909 season, Edmonton Professionals challenged the reigning Stanley Cup champion Montreal Wanderers of the ECHA for the Cup. Edmonton called in a record number of six ringers for the two game series, amongst them Lester Patrick, Tommy Phillips and Didier Pitre, which forced all team regulars except Fred Whitcroft to the bench for the first game. Edmonton dropped the first game with a score of 3-7, and for the second game the club replaced two of its ringers with regulars Harold Deeton and Jack Miller. Deeton and Miller responded with three and two goals respectively and Edmonton won the second game 7-6, with Deeton scoring the game-winning goal on a rebound from a shot from teammate Steve Vair, but lost the Stanley Cup on total goals aggregate.

In January 1910 the Edmonton Professionals again challenged for the Stanley Cup, this time against the Ottawa Senators of the newly formed NHA. Edmonton lost both games, 4-8 and 7-13, with a total score of 11-21. Deeton netted three of Edmonton goals in the series.

Statistics

Statistics from SIHR at sihrhockey.org

References

Notes

Category:1882 births
Category:1969 deaths
Category:Canadian ice hockey forwards
Category:Curlers from Ontario
Category:Curlers from Alberta
Category:Ice hockey people from Alberta
Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario
Category:People from Oxford County, Ontario
Category:Canadian male curlers


Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari

The Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari (, Tiraspolskaya i Dubossarskaya yeparkhiya, , , Tyraspolska i Dubossarska yeparkhiya) is a diocese of the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova which covers the exact territory of Transnistria, Moldova. The newly built (1999) Christmas Church in the region's capital, Tiraspol, is the Mother Church of this diocese.

It is headed by Bishop Savva and supported by the Moscow Patriarchate.

The diocese was established on October 6, 1998, by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church to organize the Orthodox Church in the breakaway Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.

As of 2010 the diocese consisted of 104 parishes and 2 monasteries served by 104 full-time priests and 14 deacons.

External links
  Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari official website
  Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari info
  Russian Orthodox website

Category:Eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church
Category:Christianity in Transnistria


Khalsa College of Law

Khalsa College of Law or KCL is a private law school situated beside Ram Tirath Road in Amritsar in the Indian state of Punjab. It offers 5 year Integrated B.A. LL.B., B.Com LL.B. and 3 years Law courses approved by Bar Council of India (BCI), New Delhi and affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University.

History
Khalsa College of Law was established in 2012 and run by Khalsa College Charitable Society of Amritsar which was founded in 1892.

References

Category:Law schools in Punjab, India
Category:Universities and colleges in Punjab, India
Category:Educational institutions established in 2012
Category:2012 establishments in India
Category:Education in Amritsar


Dan Boitano

Danny Jon Boitano (born March 22, 1953) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher from  to . Boitano holds the distinction of having been the Philadelphia Phillies' first round pick in the secondary phase of both the 1972 and 1973 amateur draft. A highly touted prospect, he had also been drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers (seventh round, 1971), St. Louis Cardinals (18th overall pick in the first round of the 1972 amateur draft, secondary phase) and Montreal Expos (second round, 1973 amateur draft, secondary phase). He signed with the Phillies on June 19, 1973.

Phillies prospect
In his first professional season, Boitano got off to a fast start, going 8–3 with a 2.08 earned run average for the New York–Penn League Auburn Phillies. From there, his minor league numbers tailed off a little, and his Win–Loss record was 37–43 when he made his major league debut on October 1, 1978 in a 5–3 loss to the Pittsburgh Pirates. During Spring training the following season, he was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers for Gary Beare.

MLB journeyman
Boitano toiled in the Brewers' farm system for two seasons, making sixteen major league appearances when he was purchased by the New York Mets prior to the 1981 season. At the end of the season, he was traded with Doug Flynn to the Texas Rangers for Jim Kern (who was then packaged with Greg Harris and Alex Treviño for George Foster from the Cincinnati Reds). After one season in Texas, Boitano retired without having ever lived up to the early potential he showed.

References

External links

Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:Baseball players from California
Category:Sportspeople from Sacramento, California
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:Philadelphia Phillies players
Category:Fresno City Rams baseball players
Category:Milwaukee Brewers players
Category:New York Mets players
Category:Texas Rangers players
Category:Oklahoma City 89ers players
Category:Denver Bears players
Category:Tidewater Tides players
Category:Vancouver Canadians players
Category:Reading Phillies players
Category:Auburn Phillies players
Category:Rocky Mount Phillies players
Category:Spartanburg Phillies players


1996–97 Chicago Blackhawks season

The 1996–97 Chicago Blackhawks season was the 71st season of operation of the Chicago Blackhawks in the National Hockey League.

Offseason

Regular season

Final standings

Schedule and results

Playoffs

Western Conference Quarterfinals: (1) Colorado Avalanche vs. (8) Chicago Blackhawks

Player statistics
April 24, 1997: Patrick Roy of the Colorado Avalanche shut out Chicago by a score of 7-0. He earned his 89th postseason victory and became the goalie with the most postseason wins, surpassing the old record set by New York Islanders goalie Billy Smith.

Awards and records

Transactions

Draft picks
Chicago's draft picks at the 1996 NHL Entry Draft held at the Kiel Center in St. Louis, Missouri.

Roster

Farm teams

See also
1996–97 NHL season

References

External links

C
C
Category:Chicago Blackhawks seasons
Chic
Chic


Ross, North Dakota

Ross is a city in Mountrail County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 97 at the 2010 census.

History
Ross was founded in 1902. It was the site of the first structure built in the United States specifically intended to serve as a mosque.  Established in 1929, the mosque fell into disrepair and was dismantled.   In 2005, the edifice was rebuilt by the family of one of the last remaining Muslims in the area. The community that built the mosque were Syrian-Lebanese immigrants who settled the region starting in the late 19th century to take advantage of the Homestead Act.  The mosque was featured on NPR's Weekend Edition on Sept. 12, 2010.

Geography
Ross is located at  (48.313105, -102.543263).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 97 people, 46 households, and 23 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 54 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 4.1% Native American, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 46 households of which 17.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.0% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.57.

The median age in the city was 36.5 years. 15.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.9% were from 25 to 44; 34.1% were from 45 to 64; and 6.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 59.8% male and 40.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 48 people, 24 households, and 13 families residing in the city. The population density was 169.6 people per square mile (66.2/km²). There were 29 housing units at an average density of 102.5 per square mile (40.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.92% White and 2.08% Native American.

There were 24 households out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.8% were non-families. 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.62.

In the city, the population was spread out with 14.6% under the age of 18, 14.6% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,750, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $16,875 versus $14,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,025. There were no families and 5.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Further reading
 William C. Sherman, Paul L. Whitney and John Guerrero. Prairie Peddlers – The Syrian-Lebanese in North Dakota (2002). University of Mary Press.

References

Category:Cities in North Dakota
Category:Lebanese-American history
Category:Cities in Mountrail County, North Dakota
Category:Populated places established in 1902
Category:Syrian-American history
Category:1902 establishments in North Dakota


1,3,2,4-Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides

1,3,2,4-Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides are a class of four-membered ring compounds which contain a PS ring, many of these compounds are able to act as sources of the dithiophosphine ylides. The most well known example of this class of compound is Lawesson's reagent.

Other examples of this class of compound have been made; many inorganic chemists are now using FcPS (Fc = ferrocene) as a starting material in reactions investigating the general chemistry of the 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides, one reaction for this is that the FcPS compound and all its derivatives are red which make column chromatography of the products more easy. Also the ferrocenyl groups provide an electrochemical handle which provide another means of investigating the properties of the products.

Examples
While several different routes to the 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides exist the most commonly used is the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of an arene with PS. An alternative reaction is the reaction of a thiol with PS to form a substance like the Davy reagent. The Davy reagent is identical to Lawesson's reagent except in place of the para-methoxyphenyl groups it has aryl sulfide groups. While the Davy reagent is more soluble than the Lawesson's reagent it is likely that the very vile nature of the thiol starting material is likely to make the synthesis of this compound not worth the trouble. In both the patent and academic chemical literature are examples of 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides with higher solubilities. These highly soluble versions of Lawesson's reagent are created by the reaction of PS with aryl ethers which are different from anisole. For instance butoxybenzene and 2-tert-butylanisole have both been reacted to form more soluble thionation reagents of the 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide class.

An important subclass of these compounds are the naphthalen-1,8-diyl 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides; these are intellectually interesting because the two dithiophosphine ylides are fixed together in space by the rigid naphthalene unit. The reactivity of these compounds is very different from that of 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides.

Reactions
The dithiophosphine ylides are normally attacked at the phosphorus atom by a nucleophile, for instance the reaction of an alkoxide, phenolate, alcohol or phenol with a 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide can form a new compound with a phosphorus-oxygen bond. Such a reaction has been used in the formation of metal binding agents and in the synthesis of insecticides.

The reaction of an electrophile with 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides is less common, but the reaction of an alkyl halide with a 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide forms a new compound with a sulfur-carbon bond and a phosphorus-halide bond. Such a compound could act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in insects, but in order to make a better insecticide it would be best to convert the halide to another leaving group which would form a less water sensitive product. For instance the reaction of para-nitrophenolate would form a compound similar to parathion.

Lawesson's reagent has been used as a starting material for a herbicide by reaction with a 1-alkoxy-2,3-dihydroxy propane. This formed a compound which could be used to kill plants. This reaction of a 1,2-diol with lawesson's reagent results in a symmetric breaking of the PS ring, both halves of the lawesson's reagent end up being converted to the same product.

A different type of ring breaking reaction can occur when LR is reacted with a metal compounds such as a platinum dichloride bis-phosphine complex, in this case one molecule of MeOCHP(S)Cl is formed as a side product to the platinum complex ([Pt(SP(S)CHOMe)(PR)]).

Lawesson's reagent can be used as a dehydrating reagent, for example it has been used to convert a β-aminoamide into an imidazoline.

Another useful reaction of LR is the conversion of a 1,4-diketone into a thiophene ring, this reaction can be done with PS but a much higher temperature would be required to make it work with PS.

It was claimed in a German patent that the reaction of 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides with dialkyl cyanamides formed plant protection agents which contained six-membered (P-N=C-N=C-S-) rings. It has been proven in recent times by the reaction of diferrocenyl 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide (and Lawesson's reagent) with dimethyl cyanamide that in fact a mixture of several different phosphorus containing compounds is formed. Depending on the concentration of the dimethyl cyanamide in the reaction mixture either a different six membered ring compound (P-N=C-S-C=N-) or a nonheterocylic compound (FcP(S)(NR)(NCS)) is formed as the major product, the other compound is formed as a minor product.

In addition small traces of other compounds are also formed in the reaction. It is unlikely that the ring compound (P-N=C-S-C=N-) {or its isomer} would act as a plant protection agent, but (FcP(S)(NR)(NCS)) compounds can act as nerve poisons in insects. These compounds bearing terminal sulfur atoms on the phosphorus atom are much less toxic than the compounds (such as sarin, VX and tetraethyl pyrophosphate) which have an oxygen in place of this terminal sulfur. This is because the P=S compound is not active as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in either mammals or insects, in mammals the animals metabolism tends to remove lipophilic side groups from the phosphorus atom while an insect tends to oxidise the compound so removing the terminal sulfur and replacing it with a terminal oxygen which causes the compound to be more able to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

The dithiophosphine ylides of LR and related compounds can react with strained alkenes, for example the bicyclic norbornadiene reacts with FcPS to form a compound with a PSC ring. Unlike small rings containing only first row elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen the small rings containing more heavy elements such as sulfur and selenium are more stable with regards to ring opening. Hence, the rings such as PSC are much more stable than things like epoxides.

A selenium version of this ring type has been made, one notable example has been named Woollins' reagent and is PhPSe, this is made by the reaction of (PhP) with selenium metal. The solubility of this compound is very low but the group of Prof John Derek Woollins have published some reactions of this compound. For instance the reaction of Woollins' reagent (WR) with a dialkyl cyanamide has been found to form a bicyclic PCNSe system.

References

Category:Organophosphorus compounds
Category:Phosphorus compounds
Category:Four-membered rings


Monkey Been to Burn Town

Monkey Been to Burn Town is an EP by experimental pop band Animal Collective, released on May 27, 2013 on Domino. The release features three remixes of the track, "Monkey Riches", from the band's ninth studio album, Centipede Hz (2012), and one remix of "New Town Burnout" from the same album.

Reception
Writing for Pitchfork, Mark Richardson gave the EP a mixed review, but praised Shabazz Palaces' contribution, stating: "The Shabazz Palaces cut is easily the most interesting song here, and seems to be the one you might still be pulling out once in a while in another six months. Considering that the EP, with three versions of the same song in a row, isn’t really meant to be heard as a whole, getting one truly intriguing track out of it isn’t such a bad deal."

Track listing

References

≤Category:2013 EPs
Category:Animal Collective EPs
Category:Domino Recording Company EPs
Category:Remix EPs


Llyn Celyn

Llyn Celyn  is a large reservoir constructed between 1960 and 1965 in the valley of the River Tryweryn in Gwynedd, Wales.  It measures roughly  long by  wide, and has a maximum depth of .  It has the capacity to hold  of water.

It was originally to be named Llyn Tryweryn Mawr (meaning "Great Tryweryn Lake"), but in September 1964 Liverpool Corporation agreed to the name change following a letter from the Tryweryn Defence Committee.

Construction and opposition
Construction of the reservoir for Liverpool Corporation Waterworks involved flooding the village of Capel Celyn and adjacent farmland, a deeply controversial move.  Much of the opposition was brought about because the village was a stronghold of Welsh culture and the Welsh language, whilst the reservoir was being built to supply Liverpool and parts of the Wirral peninsula with water, rather than Wales.

Liverpool Corporation's Tryweryn Reservoir Bill was presented in Parliament as a private bill in January 1957; by obtaining authority through an Act of Parliament, Liverpool City Council avoided having to gain consent from the Welsh planning authorities. Despite mass protests in Wales, and marches through Liverpool by Capel Celyn residents and their supporters, the legislation enabling the development was ultimately passed despite the opposition of 35 out of 36 Welsh Members of Parliament, with the 36th (David Llywelyn, Conservative MP for Cardiff North) abstaining. This led to an increase in support for the Welsh nationalist party, Plaid Cymru, in the late 1950s and gave fresh impetus to Welsh devolution.

The official opening was held on 21 October 1965.  Representatives came from Liverpool City Council, and invitations were sent to all those with family links to the valley.  In view of the anticipated protest, there was a strong police presence.  The ceremony lasted less than three minutes, as protesters had cut the microphone wires, and the chants of the hundreds of protesters made the speeches inaudible.

In October 2005, Liverpool City Council issued a public apology for the incident.

The full statement reads:
The Council acknowledges its debt to the many thousands of Welsh people who have made their homes in the City. They have, in so many ways, enriched the life of the City.

We know that Liverpool, especially in the fields of medicine and education, has been of real service to the people of Wales.

We realise the hurt of forty years ago when the Tryweryn Valley was transformed into a reservoir to help meet the water needs of Liverpool.

For any insensitivity by our predecessor Council at that time, we apologise and hope that the historic and sound relationship between Liverpool and Wales can be completely restored.

Operation of reservoir

The reservoir was built to help maintain the flow in the River Dee, so that drinking water could be abstracted further downstream as part of the Dee Regulation Scheme. These abstractions include one at Huntington water treatment works in Chester, operated by United Utilities, which supplies water to Liverpool and Wirral.

The reservoir is contained behind a rock gravity dam and, at its upper end, it is bounded between Arenig Fawr and Arenig Fach, two of the mountains of south Snowdonia.

Water is released from the reservoir into the River Tryweryn which flows into the River Dee. Most of the water passes through a small hydro-electric plant to supply green electricity to the National Grid. The released water first flows into a stilling basin and then down the narrow and rocky valley of the River Tryweryn. This section of the river provides facilities for international level white-water canoeing, and rafting at the Canolfan Tryweryn National White-water Centre. Some water in the reservoir is held in reserve to be released down the river for specific whitewater events. Because the reservoir's principal purpose is to support low river flows in the main River Dee, the best conditions for such events occur during long dry spells in summer when maximum releases are made. Usually the dam will release between 9 and 11 m³/s, although releases as low as 2 m³/s and as high as 16 m³/s have been known. During wet weather the releases are usually throttled back to a minimal maintenance flow unless a planned release for recreational activities has been agreed.

Its four turbines are owned and run by Dŵr Cymru and generate 4.38 MW

Diversions and closures of transport links
The building of the reservoir also contributed to the final closure of the GWR branch line from Bala to Blaenau Ffestiniog. Passenger trains had ceased running in 1960, and the last freight train ran in 1961. The line was subsequently flooded by the lake, and the base of the dam also crosses it. Liverpool Council had in fact planned a railway diversion, but this was never built as the British Transport Commission had decided to close the line. As a result of this, Liverpool Council decided to contribute towards the cost of the new main road (the A4212, which was built across the pass from Bala to Trawsfynydd around the north side of the lake), and also towards the cost of a line linking the two stations in Blaenau Ffestiniog.

See also

Capel Celyn
Tryweryn Bill
Afon Tryweryn
Canolfan Tryweryn
Cofiwch Dryweryn

References

External links
 Abandoned communities ..... Llyn Celyn
 Drowning of Tryweryn, 1965 Clip from 1969 BBC factual programme The Sixties with archive footage.

Category:Llandderfel
Category:Llanycil
Category:River Dee, Wales
Celyn
Celyn
Category:River regulation in Gwynedd
Category:River regulation in Snowdonia
Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Wales
RCelyn


Csanád (disambiguation)

Csanád may refer to:

Csanád (also  Chanadinus or Cenad), an 11th-century Hungarian nobleman
Csanád County, a county in the Kingdom of Hungary
Cenad (in Hungarian, Csanád), a rural municipality in Timiş County, Banat, western Romania
Roman Catholic Diocese of Szeged–Csanád, a Roman Catholic bishopric in Hungary

Category:Place name disambiguation pages


Chris Nicholl

Christopher John Nicholl (born 12 October 1946) is an English-born former Northern Ireland international footballer who later worked as a coach and manager.

Playing career

Nicholl was born in Macclesfield. He played for Burnley (1963–1966) (no league appearances), Witton Albion, Halifax Town (1968–1969) (42 league appearances, 3 goals) and Luton Town (1969–1972) (97 league appearances, 6 goals), before establishing himself as a centre-half with Aston Villa (1972–1977) (210 league appearances, 11 goals). He captained the side to victory over Everton in the 1976/1977 League Cup after two final replays. The second replay is remembered for Nicholl scoring one of the greatest goals in any Aston Villa match, a forty-yard left footer which helped take the match to extra time.

In a Division One game against Leicester City in 1976, he scored all four goals (two of them own goals) in a 2–2 draw.

He signed for Southampton in June 1977 and became the backbone of a successful side. He scored eight goals in 228 league appearances, before joining Grimsby Town in August 1983, for whom he made 70 league appearances in three years.

He won 51 Northern Ireland full international caps.

Management

Southampton
After serving Grimsby Town as assistant manager, he returned to Southampton as the club's manager when Lawrie McMenemy resigned in June 1985. He kept the Saints in the First Division but despite having players of the calibre of Danny and Rod Wallace, Alan Shearer and Matthew Le Tissier in his squad, he tended to be too cautious. During his 6 seasons in charge, Saints were under-achievers and his best result was in 1989–90 with a finish in 7th place achieved largely thanks to 20 goals from Le Tissier and 18 from Rod Wallace, although they did reach the FA Cup semi-finals in 1986 and the same stage of the League Cup a year later. This was relatively good for a club of Southampton's size, and under Nicholl they finished higher in the league than a number of bigger clubs including Manchester United, Manchester City, Newcastle United and Chelsea, but under McMenemy they had won the FA Cup in 1976, finished league runners-up in 1984 and then fifth in his final season.

In 1991, the Saints finished in 14th place and Nicholl was sacked in favour of Ian Branfoot. Thus ended a period of managerial stability, with only 3 managers in 36 years and started Southampton's managerial merry-go-round which saw them appoint 12 managers over the next 15 years, and at one stage started three successive seasons with a new manager in charge, although they did hold on to their top flight status until 2005.

Nicholl was responsible for bringing some of the club's most successful players into the first team. These included: Matthew Le Tissier, one of the most prolific strikers in the English league during the 1990s; Alan Shearer, sold to Blackburn Rovers for a British record fee in 1992 and then to Newcastle United for a world record fee in 1996, as well as scoring 30 goals for England; Rod Wallace, who helped Leeds United win the league title a year after leaving Southampton in 1991, and later won several Scottish trophies with Rangers. He also signed teenage goalkeeper Tim Flowers from Wolves in 1986, and seven years later he became Britain's most expensive goalkeeper when he was sold to Blackburn Rovers, helping them win the league title in 1995.

Walsall
It was three years before Nicholl returned to football. Early in the 1994–95 season he replaced Kenny Hibbitt as manager of Walsall FC and his first season at the club was successful as they were promoted from Division Three as runners-up. The Saddlers finished in the top half of Division Two during the next two seasons but Nicholl quit in May 1997 after failing to get Walsall into Division One, citing family reasons.

He made a brief return to Walsall as then-manager Ray Graydon's assistant in November 2001, but left in January 2002 through loyalty to Graydon, who had been sacked. He is now a regular at the Bescot Stadium, both as a supporter and as the correspondent for PA Sport.

Following the sacking of former Walsall player-manager Paul Merson in February 2006, Nicholl offered his services to the club within hours of Merson's departure. Nicholl remains popular amongst Walsall fans, but was not offered the manager's job – which later went to former Birmingham City captain Kevan Broadhurst.

Northern Ireland
In 1998, he was invited to work alongside Lawrie McMenemy as assistant manager of Northern Ireland where he spent the next two years.

Managerial statistics

As of 7 March 2015

Aston Villa Old Stars
Chris is currently the manager of Aston Villa Old Stars, who regularly play in testimonial and charity matches. The squad includes former Villa stars such as Gordon Cowans, Tony Morley and Des Bremner.

International goals
''Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first.

Honours
Halifax Town
Fourth Division Runners up: 1969

Aston Villa
League Cup Winners: 1975, 1977
Third Division Champions: 1972

Southampton
League Cup Runners up: 1979

References

External links

 Northern Ireland profile

Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Macclesfield
Category:English footballers
Category:English football managers
Category:Northern Ireland international footballers
Category:Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Category:Aston Villa F.C. players
Category:Burnley F.C. players
Category:Grimsby Town F.C. players
Category:Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Category:Luton Town F.C. players
Category:Southampton F.C. players
Category:1982 FIFA World Cup players
Category:Witton Albion F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Football managers from Northern Ireland
Category:Southampton F.C. managers
Category:Walsall F.C. managers
Category:English Football League managers
Category:Association football central defenders


Zanecin

Zanecin may refer to:
Żanecin, Sokołów County, Poland
Żanęcin, Otwock County, Poland


Paths of Glory (Archer novel)

Paths of Glory is a novel by English author Jeffrey Archer based on the story of George Mallory who died attempting to climb Everest in the 1920s. It was published by St. Martin's Press on 3 March 2009. It fictionally supports the claims that George Mallory, an Englishman, was the first to conquer Mount Everest — before Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.

Controversy
The novel caused a controversy in New Zealand, with major newspaper The Dominion Post calling it an insult to Sir Edmund Hillary. The novel contains several significant factual errors, one of the most obvious being that the Grands Mulets mountain hut could be observed from Courmayeur.

Characters
 George Mallory: Professor and climber
 Ruth Mallory: Thackeray Turner's daughter and George's wife
 Reverend Leigh Mallory: George's father
 Annie Mallory: George's mother
 Avie Mallory: George's sister
 Mary Mallory: George's sister
 Trafford Mallory: George's brother
 Guy Bullock: George's best friend
 Mr. Graham Irving: George's teacher
 A. C. Benson: George's teacher at Cambridge
 Geoffrey Winthrop Young: Chairman of the Alpine Club and George's climbing mentor
 George Finch: George's Australian rival at mountain climbing
 Andrew O'Sullivan: Teacher, George's colleague at Charterhouse
 Mr. Thackeray Turner: School governor at Charterhouse
 Marjorie and Mildred Turner: Mr Turner's daughters
 Sandy Irvine: George's final climbing partner
 Mr. Arthur Hinks: Secretary Everest committee
 Brigadier General Bruce: General posted in India
 Sir Edward Norton: Climber
 Howard Somervell: Climber
 Professor Noel Odell: Climber
 Captain John Noel: Climber
 Claire, Beridge and John Mallory: George's children.

References

Category:2009 British novels
Category:Novels by Jeffrey Archer
Category:Mount Everest in fiction
Category:Mountaineering books
Category:Novels set in Tibet


Bimbisara

Bimbisāra (c. 558 – c. 491 BC or during the late 5th century BC) also known as Seniya or Shrenika in the Jain histories was a King of Magadha ( or c. 400 BC) and belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. He was the son of Bhattiya. His expansion of the kingdom, especially his annexation of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Maurya Empire.

He is also known for his cultural achievements and was a great friend and protector of the Buddha. Bimbisara—according to Hiuen Tsang—built the city of Rajgir (Rajagriha), famous in Buddhist writings (others attribute the city's foundation to his successor). He was succeeded on the throne by his son Ajatashatru.

Life

Bimbisara was the son of Bhattiya, a chieftain. He ascended to throne at the age of 15 in 543 BC. He established the Haryanka dynasty laid the foundations of Magadha by fortification of a village, which later became the city of Pataliputra. Bimbisara's first capital was at Girivraja (identified with Rajagriha). He led a military campaign against Anga, perhaps to avenge his father's earlier defeat at the hands of its king, Brahmadatta. The campaign was successful, Anga was annexed, and prince Kunika (Ajatashatru) was appointed governor at Champa. Bimbisara sent Jivaka, his physician, to Ujjain for medical treatment of Pradyota, the king of Avanti, from jaundice. Pukkusati, the king of Gandhara, sent Bimbisara an embassy.

Marriage alliances
Bimbisara used marriage alliances to strengthen his position. His first wife was Kosala Devi, the daughter of Mahā Kosala the king of Kosala, and a sister of Prasenjit. His bride brought him Kashi, which was then a mere village, as dowry. This marriage also ended the hostility between Magadha and Kosala and gave him a free hand in dealing with the other states. His second wife, Chellana, was a Lichchhavi princess from Vaishali and daughter of King Chetaka. His third wife, Kshema, was a daughter of the chief of the Madra clan of Punjab. Mahavagga depict him of having 500 wives.

Death

According to the tradition, Bimbisara was imprisoned by his son Ajatashatru to ascend the throne of the kingdom of Magadha. Ajatashatru later ordered his father's release after the birth of his first child, but by then it was too late and Bimbisara had already died. This was reported to have taken place around 492 BC. His son sat on Magadha throne in 492 BC.

Traditional accounts

Jainism
Bimbisara is referred to as Shrenika of Rajgir in Jain literature who became a devotee of Jainism impressed by the calmness of Yamadhar (a Jain Muni). He frequently visited Samavasarana of Lord Mahavira seeking answers to his queries. He asked about the true version of Ramayana and an illuminating sage (King Prasana). He is said to be a Balabhadra in one of his previous lives.

Per Jain scripture, Bimbisara killed himself in a fit of passion, after his son had imprisoned him. Consequently, he was reborn in hell, where he is currently residing, until the karma which led to his birth there comes to an end. It is further written, that he will be reborn as Mahapadma (sometimes called Padmanabha), the first in the chain of future tirthankaras who are to rise at the beginning of the upward motion (Utsarpini) of the next era of time.

Buddhism

According to Buddhist scriptures, King Bimbisara met the Buddha for the first time prior to the Buddha's enlightenment, and later became an important disciple that featured prominently in certain Buddhist suttas. He is recorded to have attained sotapannahood, a degree of enlightenment in Buddhist teachings. Although Bimbisara let the women in his palace visit Buddha in his monastery in the evenings; the women wanted a hair-and-nail stupa they could use to venerate the Buddha any time. Bimbisara spoke with Buddha who complied with their request.

Others
According to Puranas, Bimbisara ruled Magadha for a period of 28 or 38 years. Sinhalese chronicles date his reign to be of 52 years.

References

Citations

Sources

 Khema

Category:558 BC
Category:491 BC
Category:Jain monarchs
Category:Haryanka dynasty
Category:Kings of Magadha
Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha
Category:Indian Buddhists
Category:5th-century BC Indian monarchs
Category:6th-century BC Indian monarchs
Category:550s BC births
Category:490s BC deaths
Category:Indian Buddhist monarchs


2019–20 Munster Rugby season

The 2019–20 Munster Rugby season is Munster's nineteenth season competing in the Pro14, alongside which they also compete in the European Rugby Champions Cup. It is Johann van Graan's third season as head coach.

Events
Backs coach Felix Jones and forwards coach Jerry Flannery left the province when their contracts expired in June 2019. Graham Rowntree joined the province as their new forwards coach after the completion of his duties with Georgia at the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Stephen Larkham, attack coach for the Australian national team, also joined the province as a senior coach ahead of the 2019–20 season.

Club legend and head of commercial and marketing, Doug Howlett, also left the province to return to New Zealand in the summer of 2019, ending his 11-year association with Munster. Munster's CEO Garrett Fitzgerald retired upon reaching retirement age in June 2019. Fitzgerald was Munster's first CEO and had been in the post since 1999, making him the longest serving provincial chief executive in Irish rugby at the time. Ian Flanagan, who was born in Cork and previously worked at Leicester City F.C, was appointed to replace Fitzgerald.

In a change from the previous two seasons, Munster will be in conference B for the 2019–20 Pro14 season, alongside Benetton, Cardiff Blues, Connacht, Edinburgh, Scarlets and Southern Kings. This will also be the case for the 2020–21 season, and the change was made based on the points total each club achieved after the completion of the regular 2018–19 season.

Munster opened their 2019–20 Pro14 season with a 39–9 home victory against Welsh side Dragons on 28 September 2019, with the tries coming from Arno Botha, Jack O'Donoghue, Man-of-the-Match Shane Daly, Tyler Bleyendaal and academy member Diarmuid Barron, and fly-half J. J. Hanrahan contributing 14 points off the kicking tee. New signing Nick McCarthy and academy members Keynan Knox and Jack O'Sullivan all made their senior competitive debuts for the province, and hooker Kevin O'Byrne won his 50th cap. Short-term signing Jed Holloway made his debut for the province in their 31–20 away win against South African side Southern Kings on 5 October 2019.

In the opening two rounds of the 2019–20 Champions Cup, Munster beat Welsh Pro14 rivals Ospreys 32–13 away from home on 16 November 2019, with tries from Jeremy Loughman, Keith Earls, Andrew Conway and James Cronin and twelve points off the kicking tee from Tyler Bleyendaal, before drawing 21–21 at home against French side Racing 92 on 23 November 2019; Munster's tries came from Keith Earls and Andrew Conway, and JJ Hanrahan contributed eleven points with the boot. The draw was Munster's first at home in the Champions Cup, against a Racing side that included former Munster players Donnacha Ryan and Simon Zebo in their starting XV.

Prop Stephen Archer won his 200th cap for Munster in their 2019–20 Pro14 round 7 fixture against Edinburgh on 29 November 2019, becoming the eleventh player to achieve the accolade for the province. Academy fly-half Ben Healy made his debut for Munster during the same game, scoring 11 points in the 18–16 defeat to the Scottish side.

In the Champions Cup back-to-backs against defending champions Saracens, Munster won 10–3 at home on 7 December 2019, with the English side picking up a losing bonus point. In the return fixture one week later, Munster were beaten 15–6, with two tries in the final quarter securing the win for Saracens and denying Munster a losing bonus point.

Following an incident that triggered a large brawl in Munster's second fixture against Saracens in December 2019 and a complaint to the EPCR from Saracens, in which Munster team doctor Jamie Kearns was accused of verbally abusing Saracens hooker Jamie George, an independent panel upheld the complaint and found that Kearns had breached the EPCR's disciplinary rules, handing Kearns a three-week ban, suspended for 12 months, and a fine of €2,000 to be paid immediately.

Munster went into their round 5 Champions Cup clash away to Racing 92 on 12 January 2020 knowing that they had to win to keep alive their hopes of progressing to the quarter-finals of the tournament, but despite leading the French club with ten minutes to go, late tries from Racing secured a 39–22 win for the home side. Munster needed results elsewhere to go their way if they were to stand any chance of qualifying for the quarter-finals as the final round of pool matches took place, but Glasgow Warriors 45–7 win against Sale Sharks ended those hopes before Munster's final game against Ospreys had even taken place. In the event, Munster won 33–6 against Ospreys, with Craig Casey, who made his European debut for the province in the defeat to Racing, scoring his first try for Munster, and Calvin Nash, Jack O'Sullivan and Ben Healy making their European debuts for the province.

Munster's 68–3 win against South African side Southern Kings in round 11 of the Pro14 on 14 February 2020 was a record margin of victory for the province in the competition, and the ten tries scored also set a new record for the province. Academy member John Hodnett made his debut for Munster in the fixture, scoring a try and earning the Man-of-the-Match award. The match had an added poignancy for Munster, as their long-serving former CEO, Garrett Fitzgerald, who had only retired in June 2019, passed away following a battle with illness earlier that day.

Coaching and management staff 2019–20

Senior squad 2019–20
Munster player movements for the 2019–20 season. For a full list, see List of 2019–20 Pro14 transfers.(Player's name in italics indicates a transfer that took place during the course of the season)

Players In
 Gavin Coombes promoted from Academy
 Shane Daly promoted from Academy
 Nick McCarthy from  Leinster
 Seán O'Connor promoted from Academy
 Craig Casey promoted from Academy
 Jed Holloway from  Waratahs (Two-month contract)

Players Out
 Stephen Fitzgerald to  Connacht
 Jaco Taute to  Leicester Tigers
 Duncan Williams released
 Bill Johnston to  Ulster
 James Hart to  Biarritz
 Dave O'Callaghan to  Biarritz
 Mike Sherry retired
 Alby Mathewson released

The Munster senior squad for 2019–20 is:

 Internationally capped players in bold
 Players qualified to play for Ireland on residency or dual nationality *
 Irish provinces are currently limited to four non-Irish eligible (NIE) players and one non-Irish qualified player (NIQ or "Project Player").
Notes:

Academy squad 2019–20

The Munster academy squad for the 2019–20 season is:

Notes:

Pre-season

2019–20 Pro14

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

Round 5

Round 6

Round 7

Round 8

Round 9

Round 10

Round 11

Round 12

Round 13

Round 14

Round 15

Round 16

Round 17

Round 18

Round 19

Round 20

Round 21

2019–20 European Rugby Champions Cup

Munster were seeded in tier 2 when the draw for the 2019–20 European Rugby Champions Cup was made in Lausanne, Switzerland on Wednesday 19 June 2019, and were drawn in pool 4 alongside defending champions Saracens, Racing 92, who count former Munster players Donnacha Ryan and Simon Zebo amongst their squad, and fellow Pro14 side Ospreys.

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

Round 5

Round 6

2019–20 Munster A season

2019–20 Celtic Cup

In a change from the 2018–19 tournament, the 2019–20 edition of the Celtic Cup will feature all eight teams in a single league, rather than two conferences, with each team playing seven matches and the top two teams advancing to a final on 12 October 2019. Munster A finished 6th in the tournament with 13 points, 2 wins, 1 draw and 4 defeats.

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

Round 5

Round 6

Round 7

Friendlies

Challenge Match

Annual Ireland U20 match

Interpro

References

External links

2019–20
Category:2019–20 Pro14 by team
Category:2019–20 in Irish rugby union
Category:2019–20 European Rugby Champions Cup by team


Chem-E-Car

The Chem-E-Car Competition is an annual college competition for students majoring in Chemical Engineering.

According to the competition's official rules, students must design small-scale automobiles that operate by chemical means, along with a poster describing their research. During the competition, they must drive their car a fixed distance (judged on how close the car is to the finish line) down a wedge-shaped course in order to demonstrate its capabilities. In addition to driving a specified distance, they must also hold a payload of 0-500 mL of water. The exact distance (15-30 meters) and payload is revealed to the participants one hour before the competition. The size of designed cars cannot exceed certain specifications and cars must operate using "green" methods, which do not release any pollution or waste in the form of a visible liquid or gas, such as exhaust. The dimensions of the car are to be within 20x30x40 cm. This competition is hosted in the United States by the AIChE (American Institute of Chemical Engineers), and winners of the competitions receive various awards, depending on how they placed.

Awards

Regional Competition Awards (funded by AIChE)

Poster Competition
Ribbons for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place
Ribbon for Most Creative Drive System
Ribbon for Most Creative Vehicle Design

Performance Competition
1st place: $200 and Ribbon
2nd place: $100 and Ribbon
3rd place: Honorable mention and Ribbon
Ribbons for 4th and 5th place finishers
Ribbon for Spirit of Competition

National Competition Awards (funded by Chevron)

 1st place: $2,000 and a trophy
 2nd place: $1,000 and a trophy
 3rd place: $500 and a trophy
 Best Use of a Biological Reaction to Power a Car - $1,000 Prize: Sponsored by the Society for Biological Engineering
 SAChE Safety Award for the best application of the principles of chemical process safety to the Chem-E-Car competition.
 Most Consistent Performance - This award is based on the best average score for the two runs that the vehicle makes. It has been created to recognize the team that has designed and most understands the performance of the reaction that powers the vehicle. Award consists of a plaque.
 Spirit of the Competition - This award is given to the team displaying the most team spirit as decided by a panel of judges. Award consists of a plaque.
 Most Creative Drive System - Recognition is awarded to the team that has designed and installed the most creative propulsion system. The winner is decided by a panel of judges during the poster competition. Award consists of a plaque.
 Golden Tire Award - In 2002, Northeastern University team members created this award to recognize the team with the most creative vehicle design. The national committee has adopted this as an annual award. The winning entry is decided by a ballot cast by each team entered in the competition. Award consists of a plaque.

Past National Performance Competition Winners
2019 - Virginia Tech
2018 - Georgia Institute of Technology
2017 - Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
2016 - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
2015 – Cornell University and McGill University (tie)
2014 - University of Utah
2013 - University of Tulsa
2012 – Cornell University
2011 – University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
2010 – Cornell University
2009 – Northeastern University
2008 – Cornell University
2007 – Cooper Union
2006 – University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
2005 – Tennessee Tech University
2004 – University of Tulsa
2003 – University of Dayton
2002 – University of Kentucky, Paducah
2001 – Colorado State University
2000 – University of Akron
1999 – University of Michigan

Rules
The competition has various rules:
 The only energy source for the propulsion of the car is a chemical reaction. No liquid discharge is allowed. No obnoxious odor discharge is allowed.
 No commercial batteries are allowed as the power source.
 The stopping mechanism has to be controlled by a chemical reaction. No brakes, mechanical or electronic timing devices are allowed.
 All components of the car must fit into a box of dimensions no larger than 40 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm (shoebox-sized). The car may be disassembled to meet this requirement.
 The cost of the contents of the "shoe box" and the chemicals must not exceed $2,000. The vehicle cost includes the donated cost of any equipment. The time donated by university machine shops and other personnel will not be included in the total price of the car. It is expected that every university has equal access to these resources. The cost of pressure testing is also not included in the capital cost of the car.

Poster
Each car is required to have a poster board explaining how the car runs (power source), some of its specific features, and how it is environmentally friendly. Judges score these posters on four different things: the description of the chemical reaction and power source (20%), the creativity of the design and its unique features (20%), environment and safety features (40%), and the overall quality of the poster, along with the team's presentation (20%). Only posters judged with a score of 70% or above may move on to the performance competition.

Example reactions
Some ideas for chemical reactions have been using pressurized air (creating oxygen through a chemical reaction and allowing it to build pressure) or using electricity created by the dissolving of metals in certain acids (basic battery). One pedantic idea by Cooper Union was to use a fuel cell (a cell that converts fuel to electricity via an electrochemical reaction) to power their car.

Winners in this competition are not determined by whether their car is faster or more powerful, but how accurate their chemical reaction to stop their vehicle is. This is quite difficult, especially when the load the car must carry and distance it has to travel are unknown until the day of the competition. So teams must find a method that is flexible enough to fit a range of payloads and distances, and reliable enough so it does not fail with real world variables (temperature, humidity, track roughness, changes in elevation, etc.). Winners in the past have had a variety of ways of dealing with this problem, such as an iodine clock reaction. This reaction works by using two clear solutions (many variations) that change color after a time delay (the exact time can be found experimentally). When applied to the car, the team used a simple image sensor that could tell when the solutions changed color, at which point the cars power would shut off by cutting the circuit. While the process itself is somewhat simple, accounting for the unknown variables like the payload and distance is quite difficult.

References

External links

 https://www.aiche.org/topics/students/chem-e-car

Category:Science competitions