Springbrook, North Dakota

Springbrook is a city in Williams County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 27 at the 2010 census. It is also spelled Spring Brook.

Geography
Springbrook is located at  (48.252816, -103.462533).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 27 people, 11 households, and 6 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 14 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 11 households of which 45.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.5% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.17.

The median age in the city was 41.3 years. 29.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 40.7% were from 45 to 64; and 3.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 37.0% male and 63.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 26 people, 14 households, and 7 families residing in the city. The population density was 70.4 people per square mile (27.1/km²). There were 20 housing units at an average density of 54.2 per square mile (20.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.38% of the population.

There were 14 households out of which 14.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, and 50.0% were non-families. 50.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.86 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the city, the population was spread out with 15.4% under the age of 18, 15.4% from 18 to 24, 15.4% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 26.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,938, and the median income for a family was $53,125. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,142. There were 22.2% of families and 38.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 100.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Springbrook has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

References

Category:Cities in North Dakota
Category:Cities in Williams County, North Dakota


1989 Stanley Cup playoffs

The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 5, after the conclusion of the 1988–89 NHL season. This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days. The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4–2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two.

It remains the last time that the Cup Finals was contested between two Canadian hockey teams. Montreal finished the regular season with 115 points, only two behind the league leader Calgary. They had last faced each other in 1986, with Montreal winning in five games. Calgary was only the second opposing team in NHL history to win a Stanley Cup at the Montreal Forum (the New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Maroons in 1928) and the first and only to do so against the Canadiens. Flames defenceman Al MacInnis won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP, while Lanny McDonald, who ended the regular season with exactly 500 goals, got his name on the Cup in his last ever NHL game. Flames co-owner Sonia Scurfield became the first Canadian woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup.

Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings met the defending champion Oilers in the first round. Gretzky and the Kings defeated the defending Stanley Cup champions after falling behind 3–1. In the second round the Kings were swept by the eventual champion Calgary Flames in four games.

Philadelphia Flyers goaltender Ron Hextall became the first goaltender to shoot and score a goal in the playoffs, a shorthanded, empty-net score in Game 5 of the Patrick Division Semifinal against the Washington Capitals. One round later Mario Lemieux equaled four NHL-records (most goals in a game, most goals in a period, most points in a game and most points in a period) by scoring five goals and eight points in a 10–7 Pittsburgh win in game five of the Patrick Division Finals. Hextall then made headlines in the Wales Conference Finals, attacking Montreal's Chris Chelios in the late stages of Game 6 as retribution for Chelios' unpenalized hit on Flyers forward Brian Propp in game one. Hextall received a 12-game suspension at the start of the 1989–90 season for his actions.

Former Flyers head coach Mike Keenan led Chicago to the Campbell Conference finals in his first year behind the bench. The Blackhawks had the lowest points of any playoff team this season yet they upset first place Detroit and then St. Louis before bowing to Calgary.

Playoff seeds

The following teams qualified for the playoffs:

Prince of Wales Conference

Adams Division
 Montreal Canadiens, Adams Division champions, Prince of Wales Conference regular season champions – 115 points
 Boston Bruins – 88 points
 Buffalo Sabres – 83 points
 Hartford Whalers – 79 points

Patrick Division
 Washington Capitals, Patrick Division champions – 92 points
 Pittsburgh Penguins – 87 points
 New York Rangers – 82 points
 Philadelphia Flyers – 80 points

Clarence Campbell Conference

Norris Division
 Detroit Red Wings, Norris Division champions – 80 points
 St. Louis Blues – 78 points
 Minnesota North Stars – 70 points
 Chicago Blackhawks – 66 points

Smythe Division
 Calgary Flames, Smythe Division champions, Clarence Campbell Conference regular season champions, Presidents' Trophy winners – 117 points
 Los Angeles Kings – 91 points
 Edmonton Oilers – 84 points
 Vancouver Canucks – 74 points

Playoff bracket

Division Semifinals

Prince of Wales Conference

(A1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A4) Hartford Whalers

(A2) Boston Bruins vs. (A3) Buffalo Sabres

(P1) Washington Capitals vs. (P4) Philadelphia Flyers

(P2) Pittsburgh Penguins vs. (P3) New York Rangers

Clarence Campbell Conference

(N1) Detroit Red Wings vs. (N4) Chicago Blackhawks

(N2) St. Louis Blues vs. (N3) Minnesota North Stars

(S1) Calgary Flames vs. (S4) Vancouver Canucks

Calgary defeated Vancouver in seven games. This was the first of three consecutive series between these two teams that ended in overtime of game seven (with the winner of all three series making it to the Stanley Cup Finals). The seventh game went into overtime with both teams having great chances to win the game. The best of these chances was a breakaway for Canucks' captain Stan Smyl who was stopped by Calgary goaltender Mike Vernon. Joel Otto scored the series winner at 19:21 of the first overtime after Jim Peplinski banked it in off Otto's skate to send the Flames into the Smythe Division Final.

(S2) Los Angeles Kings vs. (S3) Edmonton Oilers

Division Finals

Prince of Wales Conference

(A1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A2) Boston Bruins

(P2) Pittsburgh Penguins vs. (P4) Philadelphia Flyers

In Game 5, Mario Lemieux, listed as questionable before the game due to his neck, tied four NHL playoff records for goals in one period (4), goals in a game (5), points in a game (8) and points in a period (4).

Clarence Campbell Conference

(N2) St. Louis Blues vs. (N4) Chicago Blackhawks

(S1) Calgary Flames vs. (S2) Los Angeles Kings

Conference Finals

Prince of Wales Conference Final

(A1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (P4) Philadelphia Flyers

Clarence Campbell Conference Final

(S1) Calgary Flames vs. (N4) Chicago Blackhawks

Stanley Cup Finals

This was the second playoff series between these two teams, with the only previous meeting being the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals where Montreal defeated Calgary in five games. This was the Flames second appearance in the Finals, while Montreal was making their thirty-third appearance in the Finals. Calgary was trying to win their first Stanley Cup in franchise history, while Montreal last won the Stanley Cup in 1986.

The Stanley Cup Finals was decided between the two teams with the best records of the 1988–89 NHL regular season. Co-captain Lanny McDonald scored the second Flames goal in game six. This turned out to be the last goal in his Hockey Hall of Fame career, as he retired during the following off-season. Doug Gilmour scored two goals in the third period, including the eventual game and Cup winner to cement their first title for the Flames.

To date this remains the last all-Canadian Cup Finals.

Player statistics

Skaters
These are the top ten skaters based on points.

Goaltenders
This is a combined table of the top five goaltenders based on goals against average and the top five goaltenders based on save percentage, with at least 420 minutes played. The table is sorted by GAA, and the criteria for inclusion are bolded.

Notes

See also
List of Stanley Cup champions

playoffs
Category:Stanley Cup playoffs


29th Training Systems Squadron

The 29th Training Systems Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit.  Its assignment is with the 53d Test Management Group, based at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida.

The squadron is one of the oldest in the United States Air Force, its origins dating to March 1918, being organized at Brooks Field, Texas, as a training Squadron during World War I.   The squadron saw combat during World War II, and became part of the Air Defense Command during the Cold War.

Overview

The 29th Training Systems Squadron has personnel located at Eglin AFB and 11 geographically separated units around the nation: Barksdale, Beale, Creech, Dyess, Hill, Offutt, Robins, Tinker, Tyndall, and Whiteman AFBs as well as an operating location in Mesa, Ariz.

The squadron serves as the Combat Air Force's center of expertise for Aircrew Training Devices. Squadron personnel provide technical expertise on all aspects of ATD life-cycle management, including acquisition, modification, acceptance testing and certification testing for all A-10, B-1, B-2, B-52, E-3, E-4, E-8, EC-130, F-15C/E, F-16, F-22, F-35, HH-60, HC-130, MQ-1/9, RC-135, RQ-4 and U-2 ATDs.

Unit personnel also manage the CAF Simulator Certification Program. The squadron's efforts incorporate ATD oversight and management from concept development and preliminary design review through sustainment and program deactivation. By keeping training devices concurrent, cost effective and viable, the 29th TSS guarantees training systems meet present and future warfighters' needs while supporting evolving training demands with modern technology.

History

World War I
The first predecessor of the squadron was the 29th Aero Squadron, which was organized at Camp Knox, Kentucky in the fall of 1918, shortly before the end of World War I.  It equipped with Curtiss JN-4 and Curtiss JN-6H aircraft, which it apparently operated from Camp Knox's airfield, Godman Field, as the aerial support unit for a field artillery brigade until it was demobilized in September 1919.

Panama Canal Zone

It was reactivated in the Panama Canal Zone at Albrook Field on 1 October 1933.  On 6 December 1939, it was redesignated as the 29th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) and, between 1933 and 1939, had operated, in series, the Boeing P-12, Boeing P-26A Peashooter and Curtiss P-36A Hawk.

After the Pearl Harbor Attack, the squadron had nine new Curtiss P-40E Warhawks, one of the very first Canal Zone units to receive the new fighters, although at least one P-40C was also on hand.  The Squadron was placed on General Alert at 15:00, 7 December 1941, at which time all 10 P¬40E's on hand were basically combat ready. Still at Albrook at the time, the unit later was the first to move to Calzada Larga Airfield, Panama (later named Madden Field). The unit was redesignated as the 29th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942.

On 29 August 1942, Flight "C" of the squadron was transferred from Madden to remote Talara Airport, Peru, to provide aerodrome defense for the installations there and was relieved there by "E" Flight by December (although this was redesignated as "0" Flight, 51st Fighter Squadron concurrently that month).  By January 1943, with the main body still at Madden Field with 18 aircraft, the unit was starting conversion to Bell P-39K Airacobras.  By October 1943, still at Madden Field, the squadron also had a flight detached to Aguadulce Army Airfield, Panama. Effective 1 November 1943, with the dissolution of the 16th Fighter Group, the squadron was subordinated directly to the XXVI Fighter Command.

Replacement training

The squadron continued on at Madden Field until 25 March 1944, when the unit moved to Lincoln Army Airfield, Nebraska and being assigned to IV Fighter Command as a replacement training unit, flying predominantly Lockheed P-38 Lightnings.

The squadron was later assigned to California where it was assigned to perform testing of the Bell P-59 Airacomet and Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star jet aircraft based at Muroc Dry Lake (later Edwards Air Force Base). The early jets provided USAAF pilots and ground crews with valuable data about the difficulties and pitfalls involved in converting to jet aircraft. This information proved quite useful when more advanced jet fighters finally became available in quantity.   The squadron later moved to several other airfields in California providing transition training to new jet pilots until being inactivated in July 1946.

Air Defense Command

It was reactivated in 1953 as part of Air Defense Command as an air defense squadron, and equipped with Lockheed F-94C Starfire day interceptors. It was assigned to Great Falls AFB, Montana with a mission for the air defense of the Upper Midwest region. It was re-equipped in 1957 with Northrop F-89H Scorpion Interceptor and later with the F-89J.

It received the new McDonnell F-101B Voodoo supersonic interceptor, and the F-101F operational and conversion trainer in 1960. The two-seat trainer version was equipped with dual controls, but carried the same armament as the F-101B and were fully combat-capable.  On 22 October 1962, before President John F. Kennedy told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba, the squadron dispersed one third of its force, equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to Billings Logan Field at the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis. These planes returned to Malmstrom after the crisis.

It was inactivated in July 1968 as part of the drawdown of ADC interceptor bases, and the aircraft were passed along to the Air National Guard.

Lineage
 29th Aero Squadron
 Organized as the 29th Aero Squadron on 10 October 1918
 Demobilized 12 September 1919
 Reconstituted on 5 March 1935 and consolidated with the 29th Pursuit Squadron as the 29th Pursuit Squadron

 29th Training Systems Squadron
 Constituted as the 29th Pursuit Squadron on 23 March 1924
 Activated on 1 October 1933
 Consolidated with the 29th Aero Squadron on 5 March 1935
 Redesignated 29th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 6 December 1939
 Redesignated 29th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated 29th Fighter Squadron (Single Engine) by 1943
 Redesignated 29th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 20 August 1943
 Inactivated on 25 May 1944
 Activated on 21 July 1944
 Redesignated 29th Fighter Squadron, Jet Propelled on 18 January 1946
 Inactivated on 3 July 1946
 Redesignated 29th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 23 March 1953
 Activated on 8 November 1953
 Discontinued and inactivated on 18 July 1968
 Redesignated 29th Training Systems Squadron on 9 April 1993
 Activated on 1 October 2002

Assignments
 Post Headquarters, Brooks Field, 1918–1919
 16th Pursuit Group (later Fighter Group), 1 October 1933
 XXVI Fighter Command, 1 November 1943
 Second Air Force, 8 April 1944 – 25 May 1944
 412th Fighter Group, 21 July 1944 – 3 July 1946
 29th Air Division, 8 November 1953
 Great Falls Air Defense Sector, 1 July 1960 – 1 July 1968
 53d Test Management Group, 1 October 2002 – present

Stations

 Camp Knox (later Godman Field), Kentucky, 10 October 1918 – 12 September 1919
 Albrook Field, Panama Canal Zone, 1 October 1933
 Casa Larga Airfield, Panama, 17 May 1942 – 25 March 1944
 Lincoln Army Air Field, Nebraska, 8 April – 25 May 1944
 Palmdale Army Air Field, California, 21 July 1944

 Bakersfield Municipal Airport, California, 5 August 1944
 Oxnard Flight Strip, California, 9 September 1944
 Santa Maria Army Air Field, California, l0 July 1945
 March Field, California, 6 December 1945 – 3 July 1946
 Great Falls Air Force Base (later Malmstrom Air Force Base), Montana, 8 November 1953 – 1 July 1968
 Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, 1 October 2002 – present

Aircraft

 Curtiss JN-4, 1918–1919
 Curtiss JN-6H, 1918–1919
 Boeing P-12, 1933–1939
 Boeing P-26 Peashooter, 1933–1939
 Curtiss P-36 Hawk, 1939–1941
 Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 1941–1944
 Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1942–1944
 North American A-36 Apache, 1944
 Bell P-63 Kingcobra, 1944
 Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1944–1945
 Lockheed P-38 Lightning, 1944–1945
 Bell P-59 Airacomet, 1944–1945
 North American P-51 Mustang, 1945–1946
 Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star, 1945–1946.
 Lockheed F-94C Starfire, 1953–1957
 Northrop F-89H Scorpion, 1957–1958
 Northrop F-89J Scorpion, 1958–1960
 McDonnell F-101B Voodoo, 1960–1968

See also

 List of American aero squadrons

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

 McMullen, Richard F. (1964) "The Fighter Interceptor Force 1962–1964"  ADC Historical Study No. 27, Air Defense Command, Ent Air Force Base, CO (Confidential, declassified 22 March 2000)

 NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, Historical Reference Paper No. 8, Directorate of Command History Continental Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO, 1 February 1963 (Top Secret NOFORN declassified 9 March 1996).

External links
 AFHRA Document 01106135 29th Fighter Squadron, 1939–1943
 AFHRA Document 00002497 History of Madden Field, Panama
 AFHRA Document 00056116 29th Fighter Squadron, 1945

0029


A Macabre Legacy

A Macabre Legacy () is a 1940 Mexican horror film directed by José Bohr and starring Miguel Arenas, Consuelo Frank, and Ramón Armengod.

References

External links

Category:1940 films
Category:Mexican films
Category:Mexican horror films
Category:1940 horror films

Category:Mexican black-and-white films


Wrong Turn

Wrong Turn is a 2003 cannibal film directed by Rob Schmidt and written by Alan B. McElroy. The film stars Desmond Harrington, Eliza Dushku, Emmanuelle Chriqui, Jeremy Sisto and Kevin Zegers. The film was released on May 30, 2003.

Plot
College students Rich Stoker and Halley Smith are rock climbing in a remote forest of West Virginia. When Rich reaches the top, he is suddenly murdered before he can help Halley up. Someone then begins to yank her up the cliff so she cuts the rope and falls. She attempts to escape, but gets caught in a line of barbed wire and pulled back into the woods, screaming.

Medical student Chris Flynn drives through the mountains of West Virginia on his way to a business meeting. He stops at a gas station to ask directions, and an elderly man named Maynard tells Chris to go down Bear Mountain Road. He collides with a stopped car whose tires have been punctured. The car belongs to a group of college students on a camping trip: Jessie, Carly, Scott, Evan and Francine.  They soon discover their tire puncture was no accident and find barbed wire wrapped around it and realize someone did this intentionally.

Francine and Evan stay to watch the cars as the others go to find help, but both of them are later murdered by a huge mutant figure. The others find an isolated cabin and go inside to use the phone, but are horrified to find human body parts in the house and attempt to escape. However, they are forced to hide inside when the occupants return home. Three horribly disfigured cannibalistic mutant men, "Three Finger", "Saw Tooth" and "One Eye" enter the cabin with Francine's dead body, and the hiding students watch in horror as her body is dismembered and eaten.

After the cannibals fall asleep after a long meal, the group attempts to escape. However, the cannibals awaken and chase them through the forest. The group runs into a clearing where they find hundreds of cars that belonged to previous victims, and Chris gets shot in the leg by Saw Tooth but survives. Scott creates a diversion for the other three to escape but gets killed with arrows.

Jessie, Carly, and Chris stumble upon an old watchtower and find a radio inside, which they use to call for help, but they get no response. Later, the cannibals arrive and are alerted when the radio starts responding to the students' call. Unable to get inside, they set the tower on fire to burn the group alive, but the students escape by jumping out of the window. In the subsequent chase, Three Finger catches Carly and decapitates her with an ax. Jessie and Chris pull a branch back and while Chris holds it, Jessie makes noise to get Three Finger to chase her.  When he does, Chris lets the branch go, knocking Three Finger off and he falls to the ground, presumably to his death. Jessie and Chris manage to escape and hide in a cave until morning. The cannibals then find them, pushing Chris down the hill and taking Jessie back to their cabin. Chris survives the fall and meets a police officer, but the officer is shot in the eye with an arrow and falls dead.

Chris hitches a ride underneath the truck as it is driven back to the cabin by Saw Tooth, and Jessie is tied to a bed and gagged. Chris drives through the building and runs into One Eye, untying Jessie and proceeding to fight the cannibals together. They escape and Chris kills the cannibals by blowing up their cabin. The pair then drives out of the forest with the cannibals' pickup truck and stumble upon Maynard to take the map nearby.

In the post-credits scene, a deputy sheriff investigates the remains of the destroyed cabin. Laughing insanely, Three Finger, who survived the explosion, rises to attack the deputy.

Cast
 Desmond Harrington as Chris Flynn
 Eliza Dushku as Jessie Burlingame
 Emmanuelle Chriqui as Carly
 Jeremy Sisto as Scott
 Kevin Zegers as Evan
 Lindy Booth as Francine
 Julian Richings as Three Finger
 Garry Robbins as Saw Tooth
 Ted Clark as One Eye
 Yvonne Gaudry as Halley Smith
 Joel Harris as Richard "Rich" Stoker
 David Huband as Trooper
 Wayne Robson as Maynard Odets (credited as "Old Man")
 James Downing as Trucker

Music
Two soundtracks were released; one contains the original film score, and the other contains popular music.

Soundtrack

Track listing
 "In Stance" – Eris
 "Bloody Fingers" – Jet Black Summer
 "Every Famous Last Word" – Miracle of 86
 "Never Said Anything" – The Belles
 "Why Would I Want to Die?" – Grandaddy
 "Haunted" – King Black Acid
 "Three Murders" – Deadman
 "Ex" – Tara King Theory
 "Birthday" – Simple
 "Even the Scars Forget the Wound" – Gruvis Malt
 "He's a Killer" – DJ Swamp
 "Bring the Pain"/"Multiple Incisions" – Candiria
 "If Only" – Queens of the Stone Age
 "Wish I May" – Breaking Benjamin

Score

Track listing
 "Dark Forest"
 "Wrong Turn Title"
 "Mountain Men"
 "Cabin In The Woods"
 "Adventure Begins"
 "Mountain Men At Home"
 "Francine Dies"
 "Jessie"
 "Scott Becomes Prey"
 "Bear Trap"
 "Escape From Cabin"
 "Jessie Taken Hostage"
 "Fire In The Watchtower"
 "Grim Discovery"
 "Are We Safe?"
 "They Got Carly"
 "Killing Mountain Men"
 "We Are Alive"
 "Three Finger is Back"

Reception

Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 40% of 83 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 4.22/10.  The consensus is: "An unremarkable slasher flick that fails to distinguish itself from others of its ilk".

Legacy

Wrong Turn was followed by several films including with two sequels Wrong Turn 2: Dead End (2007) and Wrong Turn 3: Left for Dead (2009), two prequels leading to the events of the original film Wrong Turn 4: Bloody Beginnings (2011) and Wrong Turn 5: Bloodlines (2012) and one stand-alone film Wrong Turn 6: Last Resort (2014).

In October 2018, a new film titled Wrong Turn: The Foundation and served as a reboot was announced. The film will be written by series creator Alan B. McElroy and director Mike P. Nelson is chosen to direct. Principal photography for the movie began on September 9, 2019. Charlotte Vega will star in the reboot.

References

External links

Category:2003 films
Category:2003 horror films
Category:2000s horror thriller films
Category:2000s independent films
Category:2000s serial killer films
Category:2000s slasher films
Category:American films
Category:American horror thriller films
Category:American independent films
Category:American slasher films
Category:American splatter films
Category:Canadian films
Category:Canadian slasher films
Category:German films
Category:German slasher films
Category:English-language films
Category:Cannibalism in fiction
Category:Films set in West Virginia
Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario
Category:Films shot in Toronto
Category:Incest in film
1
Category:Constantin Film films
Category:Summit Entertainment films
Category:Films scored by Elia Cmíral


Cachoeira Paulista

Cachoeira Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, in the Guaratinguetá Microregion.

It is located at latitude 22º39'54 "south and longitude 45º00'34" west, being at an altitude of 521 meters. Its estimated population in 2017 was 32,773 inhabitants.

It has as bordering cities Cruzeiro to the north, Silveiras to the east, Lorena to the south and west and Canas to the southwest.

The Brazilian Decimetric Array radio telescope is situated in Cachoeira Paulista.

The municipality contains part of the  Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.

History

Documents from 1730 cite a settlement belonging to the Village of Lorena, called Arraial of the Porto da Caxoeira, whose initial landmark of the primitive nucleus was a small hermitage erected by devotees in honor of Lord Bom Jesus da Cana Verde, in the year 1780. On October 18, 1784, Manoel da Silva Caldas and his wife, Ângela Maria de Jesus, donated "two fathoms wide by half a mile long on the left bank of the Paraíba do Sul River, to the borders with the Embaú," to the patrimony of the new Chapel of the Bom Jesus da Cana Verde, erected in its lands by Sebastiana de Tal, constituting in fact the camp that allowed the expansion of the village there installed.

The first buildings installed consisted of huts of sertanejos (settlers), mostly fishermen, who took their sustenance from the Paraíba River. The first street of Cachoeira was Bom Jesus Street, which at that time left the chapel and advanced to the route through which the muleteers headed for Minas Gerais. The great movement of muleteers, which went to the ports of Paraty and Mambucaba consolidated the character of the old settlement, centered in the canoe ports of the Rivers Paraíba and Bocaína, mainly with the implantation of coffee cultivation. Under these conditions, was created in 1876, the Parish of Santo Antonio do Porto da Cachoeira. Four years later the name was changed to Santo Antonio of the Bocaina, evoking the landscape of the mountain ranges of the Bocaíca that surround the place.

On August 18, 1822, Prince Regent Dom Pedro I passed through the city, during his trip from Rio de Janeiro to Santos, during the events that preceded the proclamation of Brazil's independence. It was in the old settlement called Santo Antônio da Cachoeira, where he takes a break for dinner, that Dom Pedro and his entourage exchanged mules for horses purchased from farmers in the region by João Phelipe David, an officer of the royal guard and future Baron of Santo Antônio da Cachoeira, who had recruited several militiamen for the separatist cause.

One of the most significant historical moments of the city occurred in 1932, during the Constitutionalist Revolution. During this period, the municipality became a war-zone, becoming the headquarters of the Constitutionalist Movement.

Administrative History

Parish created under the name of Santo Antonio da Bocaína, by provincial law No. 37, dated 03/29/1876, subordinate to the municipality of Lorena. High to the category of town with the denomination of Santo Antonio of Bocaína, by the provincial law nº 5, of 03/03/1880, dismembered of Lorena. Seat in the old town of Santo Antonio da Cachoeira. Constituted of the district headquarters. Installed 1/8/1883. It was called Bocaína, when it was elevated to the category of City, according to municipal law nº 14, of 05/15/1895. In administrative division of 1911, the municipality of Bocaína is constituted of the district headquarters. It is now known as Cachoeira, according to Law No. 1,470 of 10/29/1915, thus remaining in territorial divisions dated 12/31/1936 and 12/31/1937. It was renamed Valpaíba, on November 30, 1944, by virtue of Decree No. 14,334. Finally, on December 24, 1948, the municipality became known as Cachoeira Paulista.

Toponymy

The origin of the name Cachoeira Paulista is due to the fact that Rio Paraíba has some stretches and waterfalls at that point, making of the place the last navigable point of the river in the way of the current.

Geography

Landscape

Located deep in the Paraíba do Sul River Valley, between the Mantiqueira, Bocaíca and Mar Sierras, coordinates of 22º39'54 "south latitude and longitude 45º00'34" west and altitude is 521m. It has rugged relief, with several hills and hills and a large area of flooded fluvial plain.
It has a subtropical climate, with well defined seasons, hot and rainy summers and cold and dry winters, with average precipitation of 1200mm. It suffers the influence of the semi-humid climate of the surrounding Sierras, which makes the climate very unstable, with great variation of temperature throughout the day.
The municipality still has pockets of native vegetation, especially in rural areas and hillsides, however, much of the territory has already been deforested and consists of areas for agriculture and cattle raising.

Demography
According to the 2010 IBGE Census, the population was 32,773 (2017 est.), in an area of 287.99 km².

Religion

Cachoeira Paulista stands out for being the headquarters of the Canção Nova Community (Roman Catholic community) founded by Monsignor Jonas Abib and fellows in 1978.

They have a large structure with two event centers, confession rooms, Blessed Sacrament Chapel, sanctuary of the Father of Mercies, television, and radio studios.

"Hosanna, Brazil" is one of many celebrations held by the Canção Nova Community in mid-December, with church services, lectures and concerts. The city gets its hotels almost crowded during these periods.

The headquarters of Canção Nova also features a large TV studio where the programs shown by their issuer belonging to the institution are recorded.

Christianity is predominant in Cachoeira Paulista; the city is well divided between Evangelicals and Catholics.

References

Category:Cachoeira Paulista
Category:Municipalities in Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte
Category:Municipalities in São Paulo (state)


Seasons of Tragedy

Seasons of Tragedy is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Benedictum, released through Locomotive Records in 2008.

Track listing
All songs written by Veronica Freeman, Pete Wells, Jesse Wright & Paul Courtois, except where noted.
"Dawn of Seasons" (Instrumental) – 1:26
"Shell Shock" – 4:25
"Burn It Out" – 3:32
"Bare Bones" – 5:11
"Within the Solace" – 4:21
"Beast in the Field" – 6:37
"Legacy" – 5:35
"Nobodies Victim" – 4:44
"Balls to the Wall" (Accept cover; written by Udo Dirkschneider, Wolf Hoffmann, Hermann Frank, Peter Baltes & Stefan Kaufmann) – 5:44
"Steel Rain" – 5:46
"Seasons of Tragedy" – 11:37
"Catch the Rainbow" (Rainbow cover and bonus track; written by Ronnie James Dio & Ritchie Blackmore) - 6:34

Personnel

Benedictum
Veronica Freeman – vocals
Pete Wells – rhythm & lead guitar
Jesse Wright – bass
Paul Courtois – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
George Lynch, Craig Goldy, Manni Schmidt: Additional Lead Guitars
Chris Morgan: Keyboards, Piano, Synthesizers, Synthesized Strings

Production
Arranged by Benedictum
Produced by Jeff Pilson

Recorded & Mixed by Tommy Henriksen
Mastered by Brad Vance

Category:2008 albums
Category:Benedictum albums
Category:Locomotive Music albums


Seduced by Moonlight

Seduced by Moonlight is the third novel in the Merry Gentry series by Laurell K. Hamilton.

Plot introduction
A faerie princess turned private investigator in a world where faeries are not only known to the general public, but are also fashionable, the title heroine is Princess Meredith NicEssus, also known as Merry Gentry. As niece to Andais, The Queen of Air and Darkness, she is a royal of the Unseelie Court. While her aunt tried to kill her as a child, she has since offered her the title as crown princess as the Court needs more heirs.

Plot summary

Seduced by Moonlight begins shortly after the events of A Caress of Twilight. Kurag, Goblin King, is insisting upon proof that Kitto has become sidhe following sex with Merry. She offers an extra month of their alliance for every goblin hybrid she can bring into sidhe magic.

During the discussions, Siun, Kitto's nightmarish, spidery former mistress, appears and he is terrified. It is revealed that Rhys also swore blood price on her, as it was she that took his eye when he failed to "glow" for her during sex. In his fear, Kitto accidentally uses the Hand of Reaching to open a portal through the mirror. Siun falls through and is trapped half-way, and after some negotiation, Kurag allows the Ravens to do what they like. Kitto viciously wounds her, and Rhys kills her with a sword.

It is revealed that Meredith is a vessel for the Goddess Danu when she inadvertently brings the pregnant Maeve Reed back into her god-head, and gives Frost newfound god status (which he is not comfortable with). The cup or cauldron also reappears after Merry has a dream about it, an effect that has significant impact upon the sidhe who believed it lost forever.

During sex with Merry many of her lovers suffer unexpected side-effects:

 Rhys is brought back into his god-head
 Frost is brought into his god-head
 Sage is turned into a full-sized sidhe
 Nicca is possessed by Dian Cecht
 Doyle regains his shape-shifting abilities (turning into a dog and a horse), plus ones he never had previously (an eagle).

Merry and her lovers return to the Courts. Upon the flight back, Merry is presented with the Queen's ring by Rhys. This is not only a symbol of her status as heir, but also a potent artifact in its own right. It was known as the happy ever after ring as it permitted sidhe to find their perfect mates.

When they arrive at the airport they are greeted by several of the Queen's Ravens as well as human policemen. The Queen has insisted that Merry take to her bed any of the sidhe that the ring recognises. A short while after their arrival, they attend a press conference. A policeman is bewitched and shooting breaks out. Merry is saved by Frost and others of the Ravens.

Yet more Ravens await Merry at the sithen. The Queen insists that Merry beds two out of the four before she appears before her. The result is the appearance of a spring, from which Merry fills a cup. Andais, apparently insane with bloodlust, is attacking her men. The Ravens attempt to intervene and protect one another. Merry uses her Hand of Blood to draw wounds upon her aunt. The Green Man then gives Merry the ability to heal all those in the room.

It is discovered that a spell was used to incite the Queen to murder. The plot was hatched by those amongst the court who feared that a mortal Queen, Merry, would result in the sidhe ceasing to exist. Merry is challenged by one, Miniver, and they duel before the court. Meredith is declared the winner.

Characters in Seduced by Moonlight

Major characters
Seduced by Moonlight features the following major characters.
 Andais - Queen of Air and Darkness, Merry's aunt, the sister of Essus, and mother of Cel. Andais is a war goddess, and the sadistic Queen of the Unseelie Court. Ruler of the male guard The Ravens. Although she is a sadist and is widely believed to be insane, Andais appears to have the best interests of the Court somewhat at heart, and has sworn to abdicate her throne in favor of whichever of Cel or Merry can demonstrate themselves capable of producing new sidhe children. Her consort is Eamon.
Barinthus/Manannan Mac Lir - A sea god and one of the Queen's Ravens, Barinthus is one of the most powerful members of the Courts.  He was long known as the "Kingmaker" for his involvement in the selection of court rulers, and supported first Essus, now Merry for the Unseelie throne.  Queen Andais fears that Barinthus may make an attempt for the throne himself, and he is the only member of the guards Andais has forbidden Merry to have reproductive intercourse with, for fear that Barinthus would become Merry's consort and the Unseelie King.  Barinthus recently had some of his powers returned via metaphysical sex with Merry, and has become a member of Merry's guard.  See Manannan mac Lir.
 Doyle - Captain of The Ravens, once the Queens Darkness now part of Merry's guard, and included in her many lovers,  Part Sidhe, part Hellhound (Gabriel Ratchet, et al.), part phouka.
 Frost - Raven, The Killing Frost, second in command. Was revealed that started life as Jacqual Frosti, Jack Frost, etc., is prejudiced against Seelie Court due to poor treatment at court because the other nobles were jealous of Frost's remaining in power due to his power in the minds of the humans. Has tendency to pout. See Jack Frost.
 Galen - The youngest of the Ravens, Merry's best friend. Lineage is half-pixie and half Unseelie sidhe. Powers include subtle ability to have everyone like him. Extremely unpolitical, naive and idealistic, is voice of childhood reasoning for Merry. Unfortunately, letting go of those ideals is allowing Merry to survive.
 Kitto - Goblin/sidhe hybrid, Seelie sidhe mother raped during goblin wars, snake-type goblin.
 Meredith NicEssus/Merry Gentry - Title heroine, Princess of Flesh and Blood, Daughter of Essus
 Nicca - Raven and Spy for Andais in Merry's home. Lineage is half-demifey and half Seelie Sidhe. Is apparently Cornish, due to being of Bucca-Dhu's Line (Revealed in Caress of Twilight) Has sprouted wings since wing-tattoos sprung out of back via sex with Merry. Was possessed by Dian Cecht, due to jealousy. Was cured via divine intervention.
 Rhys/Cromm Cruach - Raven, former God of Death. Film Noir buff. Was called Gwynfor "white lord of ecstasy and death" by Sage, 2nd hand has been seen when he killed Siun (Goblin) after Kitto hacked Siun to pieces. In Merry's dream, it is shown that Rhys will get both eyes back, apparently has magical hammer that can heal, raise armies of the dead. However, we are not sure whether dream was of past or future.  See Crom Cruach.

Other characters

Recurring characters include:

 Abeloec - Sidhe warrior and Raven. Drunkard. is referred to as Abe mostly in the next book.
 Adair - Raven, Agricultural deity
 Amatheon - Raven, Sidhe Warrior,
 Ash - Goblin/Sidhe Hybrid, Skin is "Sun-kissed", displaying Seelie lineage, but culturally and morally, according to Merry, very much a goblin. He wants very badly to gain sidhe magic powers so he can have power undreamed of to the goblins. Remains to be seen how much his brothers’ (Holly) hatred toward the sidhe will have an effect on Ash's chances towards this.
 Barry Jenkins - Human reporter.
 Black Agnes - Night Hag. Part of the Sluagh.
 Briac - Raven. Usually known as Brii. Plant deity.
 Creeda - Queen of the Goblins.
 Eamon - Andais' consort.
 Fflur - Sidhe. Healer.
 Hawthorne - Raven.
 Holly - Goblin/Sidhe Hybrid, Skin is "Sun-kissed", displaying Seelie lineage, but culturally and morally, according to Merry, very much a goblin. His brother (Ash) wants very badly to gain sidhe magic powers so he can have power undreamed of to the goblins. Remains to be seen how much his hatred toward the sidhe will have an effect on Ash's chances towards this.
 Ivi - Raven
 Jonty - Red Cap
 Kurag - King of Goblins, Merry's ally. Was ally of Merry's father previous to his death.
 Madeline Phelps - Publicist to the Unseelie Court
 Maeve Reed/Conchenn - Former Goddess of Spring. Exiled from Faerie, now a Hollywood actress. Husband Gordon (deceased) was able to give her a child due to Merry and Galen performing a fertility ritual.
 Mistral - Raven. The Master of Winds, the Bringer of Storms.
 Maelgwn - Sidhe. Known as the Wolf Lord as he and most of his House are shapeshifters.
 Major Walters - Human police officer
 Niceven - Queen of the Demi-fey
 Sage - Demi-fey who answers to Queen Niceven, sent to be with Merry as part of alliance between her and the demi-fey.
 Segna the Gold - Night Hag. Part of the Sluagh.
Sholto - Raven and King of the Sluagh. Sidhe/Nightflyer hybrid. Called Shadowspawn behind his back. Fears being regulated to being the Queen's Creature, similar to Killing Frost and Darkness. Has made deal with Merry to form alliance, yet to be consummated, desperately wants sidhe flesh. Merry is unsure whether she can handle Sholto's "extras" (tendrils that Sholto normally hides with glamour. Merry could not handle them in the first book)
 Taranis - King of the Seelie court, known officially as the King of Light and Illusion, Merry's uncle, rumored to be the reason why the Sidhe don't have any children anymore.  See Taranis.
 Tyler - Andais' human pet.
 Usna - Raven. His mother was made pregnant by another Sidhe's husband and the betrayed wife turned her into a cat. He later killed the Sidhe who cursed her, but was kicked out of the Seelie Court because of doing so.

Non-recurring characters include:

 Afagdu
 Carrow - Raven, one of the Great Hunters.
 Kongar - Red Cap
 Miniver - Sidhe. Head of House. Formerly Seelie Court. Arrested after attempting to kill Merry in a duel to third blood.
 Nerys - Sidhe, head of a neutral House
 Onilwyn - Raven, Sidhe Warrior
 Siun - A spider-like goblin. Kitto's former Mistress. Had previously raped Rhys and taken his eye.

The death toll in Seduced by Moonlight includes:

 Nerys - Executed in front of court after pleading guilty about giving the wine to Andais
 Siun -Took Rhys's eye when he did not "glow" for her when he was forced to bed her. She was also killed by Kitto and Rhys after Kitto uses his new hand of reach to trap her in a mirror.

Major themes
 The need for Merry to become pregnant by one of her Guards.
 Faerie politics, both within the Unseelie Court and between the Seelie and Unseelie Courts.
 The increase in powers of both Merry and her men.
 Merry's connection to the Goddess and the use of sex to bring about magical change.

Allusions/references to other works
 The powers of the ring Merry was given by Andais is revealed to be the source of Cinderella and other human fairy tales when it is described as the Happy Ever After Ring.
 Galen compares Rhys to Frankenstein's monster, from the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, for his desire to have Merry strap him down and run electricity over his skin during sex.
 Rhys plays upon the phrase from the movie To Have and Have Not (1945) by Lauren Bacall ("You know you don't have to act with me, Steve. You don't have to say anything and you don't have to do anything. Not a thing. Oh, maybe just whistle. You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow.") when he says, "you know how to kiss don't you? you just put your lips together..."

Reception

 Locus: "new developments bring a welcome sense of direction to this series"

 Kirkus: "Steamy embraces wispily laced together"

 Publishers Weekly: "Hamilton's trademark mix of the personal and emotional along with the sexual will as usual delight her fans."

 Science Fiction Chronicle: "the story is slow paced and the occasionally inventive sexual encounters aren't exciting enough to make up for the flagging storyline."

 Library Journal: "In addition to sex, there is interminable conversation and explication about who, where, why, and how to have sex. Almost no plot movement takes place until late in the book"

 Scholar Sylvia Kelso states that with the introduction of the goddess Danu, "Hamilton has actually constructed something very close to a fully-functioning sociologist's model of a religion"

External links
Official Site
Official Blog
Merry Gentry Index

References

Category:Merry Gentry (series)
Category:2004 American novels
Category:American erotic novels
Category:American horror novels
Category:American fantasy novels
Category:Fictional fairies and sprites
Category:Alternate history novels
Category:Ballantine Books books


Kariz, Bamyan

Kariz, Bamyan is a village in Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan.

See also
Bamyan Province

References

External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com

Category:Populated places in Bamyan Province


Fatafeat

Fatafeat (Arabic: فتافيت), is a Middle Eastern food and lifestyle television channel owned by Takhayal Entertainment, which is part of Discovery Inc.

On , Fatafeat stopped broadcasting as a free-to-air channel and started being encrypted on satellite provider beIN under its "Top Entertainment" and "Complete" packages.

References

External links
 Official site

Category:Arabic-language television stations
Category:Television stations in the United Arab Emirates
Category:Food and drink television
Category:Media in Dubai


Rose Kennedy (disambiguation)

Rose Kennedy was a Papal countess, philanthropist, socialite, and mother of President John F. Kennedy

May also refer to:
Rosemary Kennedy, daughter of Rose Kennedy
Rosie Kennedy, character in Bad Behaviour

See also
Rose Kennedy Schlossberg, American actress and great-granddaughter of Rose Kennedy


List of Deans of St Asaph

This is a list of the deans of St Asaph Cathedral, Wales.

-1357 Llywelyn ap Madog
1357–1376 William Spridlington
1403 Richard Courtenay (afterwards Dean of Wells, 1410)
1441-1461David Blodwell
1463-1492 John Tapton
1511-1542 Fouke Salisbury
1543-1556 Richard Puskyn
1556-c.1558 John Gruffith
c.1559 Maurice Blayne, alias Gruffith
1559 John Lloyd
1560-1587 Hugh Evans
1587-1634 Thomas Banks
1634-before 1654 Andrew Morris
1660-1663 David Lloyd
1663 Humphrey Lloyd
1674-1689 Nicholas Stratford
1689-1696 George Bright
1696-1706 Daniel Price
1706-1731 William Stanley
1731-1751 William Powell
1751-1774 William Herring
1774-1826 William Shipley
1826-1854 Charles Luxmoore
1886-1889 Armitage James
1889-1892 John Owen
1892-1899 Watkin Williams
1899–1910 Shadrach Pryce
1910–1927 Llewelyn Wynne Jones
1927–1938 John Du Buisson
1938–1957 Spencer Ellis
1957–1971 Harold Charles
1971–1992 Raymond Renowden
1993–2001 Kerry Goulstone
2001-2011 Chris Potter
2011-Present Nigel Williams

References
british-history.ac.uk (13th century)
british-history.ac.uk (c.1300-c.1550)
:s:Page:Fasti ecclesiae Anglicanae Vol.1 body of work.djvu/123
:s:Page:Fasti ecclesiae Anglicanae Vol.1 body of work.djvu/124
:s:Page:Fasti ecclesiae Anglicanae Vol.1 body of work.djvu/125

Notes

Deans of St Asaph


Celebrity Solstice

Celebrity Solstice is the lead ship of the  of cruise ships operated by Celebrity Cruises.  Built by Meyer Werft in Papenburg, Germany, she was floated out on August 10, 2008, and christened by ocean scientist Professor Sharon L. Smith at a ceremony in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, on November 14, 2008. The first post-Panamax vessel in the Celebrity fleet, she features innovative interior design and onboard amenities, including an ocean-going live grass lawn, a glassblowing studio, and a 12 deck-high atrium.

Service history

Celebrity Solstice left Meyer Werft on September 28, 2008, and arrived in Fort Lauderdale on November 3, 2008. Subsequently, she embarked on a series of short preview cruises for travel agents and dignitaries. On November 14, 2008, at Port Everglades, Fort Lauderdale, she was officially named by Sharon L. Smith.  She began commercial service on November 23, 2008.

Exterior design
Externally, Celebrity Solstice looks very different from previous Celebrity Cruises ships. Martin Francis of Francis Design was hired to design her exterior profile. In original exterior renderings, the hull was shown as all-white with powder blue funnels and blue glass upper decks. In a more recent update, the light blue color had been changed to Celebrity's normal dark blue color and the hull was shown having a resemblance to the current fleet's livery, with the promenade deck painted dark blue. Similarly, the large dark blue funnel with a white X that had been the trademark of Celebrity thus far has been replaced by two thin funnels, and it was planned to have the X logo of the company visible in the glass balcony railings on the ship's "hump" (The area of superstructure which extends outward farther than the rest of the balconies). Throughout her fitting out, sea trials, and launch, it was noted that the glass X, unless seen from certain angles, was not visible. Shortly after, the X was refinished to be darker, but still can be hard to see. An afterthought during the sea trials saw the addition of a white X onto the forward funnel, thus bringing Solstice more closely related to her fleetmates.

Facilities

Her facilities include a theater with a 1,400+ seating capacity and a live grass lawn between the ship's funnels on the upper deck and even a workout room, sauna, indoor pool, and more than 4 hot tubs. On May 30, 2010 the Celebrity Solstice launched the iLounge.

Celebrity Solstice is scheduled to be put in dry dock in October 2021.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Official website

Category:Cruise ships
Solstice
Category:Ships built in Papenburg
Category:2008 ships


Kerala State Film Award for Best Director

The Kerala State Film Award for Best Director is an honour presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India since 1969. It is given to a film director who has exhibited outstanding direction while working in the Malayalam film industry. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs of the Government of Kerala. Since 1998, the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The recipients are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy. They are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister.

The first Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with cinematographer-director A. Vincent receiving the Best Director award for his work in Nadhi (1969). Throughout the years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of Kerala has presented a total of 49 best director awards to 25 different filmmakers. The recipients receive a figurine, a certificate, and a cash prize of .

The late filmmaker G. Aravindan is the most frequent winner in this category with seven awards. He is followed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan (six awards), Shyamaprasad (five awards) and K. S. Sethumadhavan (four awards). As of 2019, five directorsShaji N. Karun, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, T. V. Chandran, Hariharan and Blessyhave won the award twice in their careers. The academy did not present the award at the 2002 ceremony. Vidhu Vincent was the first female director to win the award in 2016, for her debut film Manhole. The most recent recipient was Shyamaprasad, who received the award for his film Oru Njayarazhcha in 2018.

Winners

Notes

References

External links
Official website
PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List

Category:Kerala State Film Awards


2005–06 Ottawa Senators season

The 2005–06 Ottawa Senators season was the 14th season of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). After one of their franchise-best regular seasons, finishing with 113 points, the Senators made it to the Eastern Conference Semi-final, in which the Buffalo Sabres eliminated Ottawa in five games.

Off-season
Changes occurred to the Senators roster before the season. First, Ottawa acquired the playoff-experienced goaltender Dominik Hasek for his Stanley Cup experience. Second, a blockbuster trade on August 23, 2005 involved Marian Hossa and Greg de Vries being sent to the Atlanta Thrashers for Dany Heatley. The trade occurred on the day that Hossa had signed a new contract. The value of Hossa's contract was beyond what General Manager John Muckler felt that Hossa was worth and so he was dealt away. Marian had led the Senators in scoring.

Regular season
Dany Heatley, together with Daniel Alfredsson and Jason Spezza, formed one of the NHL's top offensive lines, dubbed the "CASH line" by fans in a contest held by the Ottawa Citizen. The name is made from the initials of Captain Alfredsson, Spezza, and Heatley. Cash Line won out over finalists 'Dash Line' and 'Dazzle Line,' which Spezza reputedly despised and wanted to veto. Another nickname the line picked up was the "Pizza Line", used by the Ottawa Sun, a rival to the Citizen. However, during the press conference to introduce the teams for the 2007 Stanley Cup Final, Heatley went on record to say he likes the "CASH line" name.

The Senators team sent nine players to the 2006 Winter Olympics as part of the NHL's commitment. Daniel Alfredsson, Zdeno Chara, Martin Havlat, Dany Heatley, Andrej Meszaros, Wade Redden, Christoph Schubert and Anton Volchenkov all played for their respective country's national teams, while Jason Spezza was named a substitute for Canada. The experience, however, was poor for the Senators: Dominik Hasek was having an impressive season prior to Olympic play, but the team lost him to a hamstring injury he suffered while playing for the Czech Republic. He would not play again for the Senators.

In addition to leading the NHL with most goals for (312, excluding shootout-winning goals), the Senators also led the NHL in shorthanded goals (25), scoring points (840) and shots on goal (2,811).

Highlights
The "CASH line" made a dramatic and historic debut, playing in the first game of the 2005–06 season on October 5, 2005, against the Toronto Maple Leafs in Toronto. In the pre-season, right winger Brandon Bochenski had been playing on the line as he had played with Spezza in the American Hockey League (AHL) during the 2004–05 NHL lockout. But with five minutes to go, with the Senators trailing, then Senators' Head Coach Bryan Murray replaced Bochenski with Daniel Alfredsson, who scored a game-tying goal with 62 seconds left. Heatley and Alfredsson would then go on to score the first shootout goals in NHL history to win the game that night.

Other highlights of the Senators' season included an 8–0 road win over their Ontario rivals, the Maple Leafs, on October 29, 2005. Dany Heatley scored four consecutive goals in that game. Just four nights later, the Senators defeated the Buffalo Sabres in Buffalo, 10–4. Martin Havlat and Daniel Alfredsson each scored four goals and Jason Spezza provided four assists. It was the first time that an NHL team had scored ten goals in a regular-season game since January 11, 2003, when the Washington Capitals defeated the Florida Panthers at home by a score of 12–2. It was also the first time that the Senators had scored ten goals in a regular-season game since November 13, 2001, when they defeated the Capitals 11–5 away in Washington, D.C. On November 29, 2005, the Senators defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–0 and, in doing so, improved to a 19–3–0 record through their first 22 games of the regular season. Over that span, Ottawa outscored its opponents 102–45. Spezza had reached 41 points (11 goals and 30 assists) and Alfredsson had reached 40 points (20 goals and 20 assists) by this point. Heatley recorded a point in every one of these games and had 17 goals and 21 assists for 38 points.

In an 8–2 win over Toronto on December 17, 2005, the Senators set a franchise record for most power play goals scored in one game, with six. On February 2, 2006, the Senators scored three short-handed goals in a 7–2 win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. It was the second time in franchise history that the Senators scored three shorthanded goals in a single game, as the Senators had scored three shorthanded goals in a 5–2 home win over the Florida Panthers on November 18, 2000.

Dany Heatley became the first Senator in franchise history to reach 100 points on April 13, 2006, recording two assists during a 5–4 overtime loss to the Florida Panthers and five days later became the first Senator to score 50 goals in a season. Meanwhile, defenceman Wade Redden became the first Senator to win the NHL Plus/Minus Award, tied with New York Ranger Michal Rozsival, with a +35 rating. Despite missing 14 games, Jason Spezza finished second in the NHL in assists, with 71.

Season standings

Game log

October

November

December

January

February

March

April

Green background indicates win.
Red background indicates regulation loss.
White background indicates overtime/shootout loss.

Playoffs
The Ottawa Senators ended the 2005–06 regular season as the Eastern Conference's first seed, qualifying for the playoffs for the ninth time in the franchise's 13 seasons of play.

Ray Emery took over the starting goaltender duties; he became the first rookie netminder since Philadelphia's Brian Boucher in 2000 to win a playoff series when the Senators defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in the first round of the Eastern Conference playoffs, four games to one.  The Senators were then defeated by the Buffalo Sabres in the second round, four games to one.

After the playoff loss, Senators owner Eugene Melnyk comforted fans in an open letter by saying that their team would not only win the Stanley Cup in the future but, once they had it, they would, he boasted, "hoard" it year after year.

Eastern Conference Quarter-finals: vs. (8) Tampa Bay Lightning

Ottawa wins series 4–1.

Eastern Conference Semi-finals: vs. (4) Buffalo Sabres

Buffalo wins series 4–1.

Player statistics

Regular season
Scoring

Goaltending

Playoffs
Scoring

Goaltending

Awards and records
 Molson Cup – Daniel Alfredsson
 NHL Plus/Minus Award – Wade Redden
 Second NHL All-Star Team – Daniel Alfredsson, Dany Heatley, Zdeno Chara

Transactions

Trades

Received from waivers

Roster

Sources:

Draft picks
Ottawa's picks at the 2005 NHL Entry Draft in Ottawa, Ontario.

Farm teams
 Binghamton Senators (American Hockey League)
 Charlotte Checkers (ECHL)

See also
2005–06 NHL Season

References

External links
Official website of the Ottawa Senators

Category:Ottawa Senators seasons
Ottawa Senators season
Ottawa


Altappen

Altappen and Likskär are two islands in the northwest of the Swedish sector of the Bay of Bothnia, in the Luleå archipelago, which have joined due to post-glacial rebound to become a single island.

Location

Altappen lies to the southeast of the city of Luleå, about  from the mainland fishing village of Lövskär.
In the winter it can be reached via an ice road.
Altappen was once the location of a large sawmill, but a major fire in 1908 destroyed the mills and houses, which were never rebuilt.
The only building that has survived is the Byggmästarvillan.

With the rising land due to post-glacial rebound, the islands of Altappen and Likskär or Liggskär to the southeast have joined to form a single island.
Likskär consists of sand, with long, shallow-water beaches. The local yacht club, Luleå Segelsällskap, has a clubhouse on Likskär.
The yacht club facility can accommodate 40 visiting boats, and has a restaurant and sauna that are open to the public.
The clubhouse is the base for keel boat racing, and draws sailors from other parts of Sweden and from abroad.

History

The Altappens steam sawmill was built in 1871 with seven cutting frames, operated by the New Gellivara Company under English management.
The sawmill became the center of an industrial complex that at times employed up to 1,200 people.
In 1879 an iron mill was erected to produce iron bars for export. The power for this operation, including the foundry, machine shop, forge and carpenter's workshop, was provided by a steam engine fueled with wood chips and sawdust from the sawmill.
The wood and iron were both exported to England. The sawmill burned down in 1890 but was quickly rebuilt. However, iron production had been phased out by 1896.
The 3 July 1908 fire occurred during a slump, and the owners chose not to rebuild. Almost 600 people were left homeless.

References

Sources

Category:Swedish islands in the Baltic
Category:Islands of Norrbotten County


Kagoshima Yomiuri Television

is a TV station affiliated with Nippon News Network (NNN) and Nippon Television Network System (NNS) in Kagoshima, Kagoshima.  It is broadcast in Kagoshima Prefecture. Established 1994/4/1.

TV channel

Digital Television
  Kagoshima 29ch JOUI-DTV

Tandem office
 Akune 14ch
Kanoya 49ch
Makurazaki 39ch
Kamō 20ch
Ōkuchi 19ch
Kushikino 14ch
Minamitane 17ch
Nakanoshima 30ch
Naze 17ch
Other

Program

External links
 The official website of Kagoshima Yomiuri Television

Category:Nippon News Network
Category:Television stations in Japan
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1994
Category:Media in Kagoshima
Category:1994 establishments in Japan


Geogamasus fornix

Geogamasus fornix is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.

References

Category:Arachnids
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Animals described in 2001


Senate of the Czech Republic

The Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (), usually referred to as Senate, is the upper chamber of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague.

Structure

The Senate has 81 members, chosen in one-seat constituencies through the two-round system. If no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round, there is a second round between the two highest-placed candidates. The term of office for Senators is six years, and elections are staggered so that a third of the seats are up for election every two years. A candidate for the Senate does not need to be on a political party's ticket (unlike in the Chamber of Deputies).

The Senate has one President and four Vice-presidents. Its members participate in specialised committees and commissions. The Senate Chancellery has been created to provide professional, organisational and technical services. The Senate occupies several historical palaces in centre of Prague, in Malá Strana quarter. In 2005 its budget was 561.2 million CZK.

Powers
The Senate can delay a proposed law which was approved by the Chamber of Deputies but this veto can be overridden by an absolute majority (i.e. at least 101 of all 200 members) of the Chamber of Deputies in a repeated vote. The Senate, however, cannot be overridden when it votes on electoral law, constitutional law and on international treaties.

The Senate decides on confirmation of judges of the Constitutional Court, proposed by the President. It often uses this power to block unacceptable nominants and may propose new laws. However, the Senate does not get to vote on the country's budget or on confidence in the government, unlike the Chamber of Deputies.

The President of the Senate is the second-highest official of the Czech Republic for ceremonial purposes, after the President of the Republic, but without much real political power.

History
The Senate was established in constitutional law of the Czech National Council (ČNR) No. 1/1993 on 16 December 1992. The immediate reason for its creation was a need to find a place for members of the Federal Assembly, dissolved together with Czechoslovakia. Other reasons given were the positioning of the Senate as a safety device ("pojistka") correcting laws endorsed by lower chamber and as a power balancing tool against the dominance of a single party, especially regarding constitution and electoral law.
Due to opposition by the Civic Democratic Alliance (who had members in ČNR, the new lower chamber, but not in the  Federal Assembly) and those politicians fearing dilution of power the Senate was not set up. The first elections were held in 1996, with voter turnout around 35% (much lower than turnout for the lower chamber). Further elections were held in accordance with the Constitution every two years after that.

The Senate has received criticism for being essentially powerless and unnecessary for a country of the size of the Czech Republic. However, the likely most prominent critic of Czech Senate, prime minister Andrej Babiš, has expressed his plan to change the electoral into Chamber of Deputies into First-past-the-post voting, something that cannot be done without consent of the Senate, plus the Czech constitution prohibits such system for lower chamber.

Political parties
Results of the Czech Senate election, 2018

History

See also
President of the Senate of the Czech Republic
List of Presidents of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic

Notes

References

External links
Official website
History and perspective of bicameral system in the Czech Republic

Senate
Czech Republic, Senate of the
Category:1996 establishments in the Czech Republic


Saraakallio rock paintings

Saraakallio rock paintings () are situated in Central Finland. The rock site lies on the eastern shore of Lake Saraavesi, opposite the village center of Laukaa. The rocky cliff of Saraakallio is an impressive landmark rising on the shore of the lake. An important water route Keitele Canal runs in front of the paintings.

There are two art areas, Saraakallio I and Saraakallio II. It is difficult to count and list all the paintings of Saraakallio, partly because they are so many and varied, partly because many of them are blurred, fragmentary or have been painted over. The amount of pictures is between 50–200, and therefore it is the biggest rock art area in Finland. The main examinations of Saraakallio are made by amateur archaeologist Pekka Kivikäs. Oldest paintings are circa 6 600 years old. The most common themes in Saraakallio paintings are deer, human, and boat figures. Saraakallio rock paintings are made by using red paint, which is made of hematite-containing soil mixed presumably with blood, urea and eggs.

Footnotes

External links
 Pictures of Saraakallio I
 Pictures of Saraakallio II (unfinished)

Category:Archaeology of Finland
Category:Rock art in Europe
rock
Category:Laukaa


Guatemala (disambiguation)

Guatemala is a country in Central America.

Places
Guatemala may also refer to:
Guatemala City, the capital of Guatemala
Guatemala Department, a department of Guatemala
Guatemala, Cuba, a village in the Holguín Province
Captaincy General of Guatemala, was an administrative division of the Spanish Empire in Central America
 Guatemala, San Sebastián, Puerto Rico, a barrio

Other
Guatemala (song), single by hip hop artist Swae Lee


Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid

The Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid was Morocco's unsuccessful bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It competed with the United 2026 bid of Canada, Mexico, and the United States for hosting rights.

Background
The 2026 bid was Morocco's fifth bid to host the FIFA World Cup after four unsuccessful attempts in 1994, 1998, 2006 and 2010 lost out to the United States, France, Germany and South Africa. If successful, it would have been the second African country, after the 2010 tournament in South Africa, as well as the second Arab and Muslim country after the 2022 tournament in Qatar, as well as the first time in North Africa.

Bid process

Bidding for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed due to the 2015 FIFA corruption case and the subsequent resignation of Sepp Blatter, then it was restarted following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, wherein the bidding process will consist of four phases:
May 2016 – May 2017: a new strategy and consultation phase
June 2017 – Dec 2017: enhanced phases for bid preparation
March 2018 – June 2018: bid evaluation
June 2018: final decision

With no rival bid having emerged since April 2017, the CONCACAF member federations of Canada, Mexico and the United States sent a joint request to FIFA to hasten the bid process. Canada, Mexico and the United States wanted FIFA to award the bid outside the traditional bidding process at the June 2018 FIFA Congress in Moscow if the CONCACAF bid meets FIFA requirements.

However, the FIFA Council decided on 8 May 2017 that FIFA would have a full bidding procedure. To ensure continental rotation of hosting duties, only the member associations of CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL and the OFC were invited, as these continental confederations had not hosted the two previous World Cups. A date of 11 August 2017 was set for submission of an intention to bid, and on that day, the Royal Moroccan Football Federation announced that it would submit a bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. In March 2018, the Morocco 2026 bid committee stated their plan to spend $16 billion on preparing for the tournament, including building new transportation infrastructure, 21 new hospitals, a large number of new hotels and leisure facilities and building and/or renovating new stadiums.

FIFA Football tournament hosting experiences
Morocco have previously hosted a number of international football events.
 1988 Africa Cup of Nations
 1997 African Youth Championship
 2011 CAF U-23 Championship
 2013 African U-17 Championship
 2013 FIFA Club World Cup
 2014 FIFA Club World Cup
 2018 African Nations Championship

Bid committee

On 10 January 2018, King Mohammed VI appointed Moulay Hafid Elalamy as Chairman of the bid committee.

Two days later the London-based agency VERO Communications was appointed as Lead Communications and Strategy Consultants of the Moroccan bid.
Transportation infrastructure: new rail connections, new roads as well as highways and new aeroports or terminals.
The healthcare system: about 21 new hospitals.
The tourism industry: a large number of new hotels and leisure facilities.
Sports infrastructure: about 130 football stadiums will be built or renovated (Morocco presently has 38 stadiums with 10,000 or more capacity)

Bid venues
Stadiums must have been able to accommodate a  hospitality village no more than  from the stadium. They must also have had a capacity of at least 40,000 for group and second round matches, 60,000 for the semi-finals, and 80,000 for the final. On 22 August 2017, Morocco established a list of stadia for its bid.

Urban public transportation system

Taxi: all the proposed cities have their own Taxi fleet.
Bus: all the proposed cities have their own bus system for the urban public transportation.
Tram:
Existing and under extension/expansion: Rabat/Salé, Casablanca
Planned: Tangier, Marrakech, Fez, Agadir.
Metro:
Planned and temporarily abandoned: Casablanca
Regional Express Network (RER):
Existing and under extensionexpansion: Rabat/Salé, Casablanca

Highways and roads

The Moroccan highway network connects most large cities in the country, being part of the transportation infrastructure in Morocco.

Rail network and rail transport
Additionally the rail network connects all the proposed venues except Tetouan, Ouarzazate and Agadir. However, there were plans for projects to connect Agadir to the Moroccan high speed network (TGV) via Marrakech, and to connect Tetouan to the classic rail network via Tangier.

Airports and air transport

All the selected cities (except El Jadida and Meknes) have their own airports; see list of airports in Morocco. The Mohamed V International Airport in Casablanca is the main international gateway into Morocco.

Support

Football confederations
CAF

FIFA members

 Algeria
 Angola
 Belgium
 Botswana
 Cameroon
 Congo DR
 Egypt
 France
 Gambia
 Guinea-Bissau
 Kenya
 Lebanon

 Libya
 Luxembourg
 Myanmar
 Nigeria
 Palestine
 Qatar
 Russia
 Seychelles
 Senegal
 Serbia
 Tunisia
 Uganda
 Zambia

Public opinion
The bid committee showed that 97% of Moroccans were in favour of the World Cup, including 81% with strong support. 93% of Moroccans thought the event would have had a positive impact on economy and employment, 91% of Moroccans thought the event would have had a positive impact on sports participation, and 84% of Moroccans were interested in playing football.

Government support
In January 2018, the Moroccan government stated its full support for Morocco's bid to host the 2026 World Cup.

Marketing
The logo was unveiled on 23 January 2018; it was inspired by the pentagram found on the Moroccan flag. The pentagram was surrounded by seven red leaves and kicking a football.

The slogan for the bid "Together for One Goal" (Arabic: "معا لهدف واحد") (French: "Ensemble pour le même but"),  was launched on 17 March 2018.

Concerns, criticism and controversies

In FIFA's evaluation report of the two bids, Morocco's bid was rated as being "high risk" for the organisation, compared with the other bid being labelled as low risk. The three categories with the worst scores were: stadiums, accommodation and transportation, which are the most important parts of any bid for the World Cup. The overall bid scored 275 out of 500 points, significantly lower than the 402 scored by the other bid.

In Morocco's previous World Cup bids, it was discovered that in two of those instances, the country tried to bribe voting officials. FIFA issued an integrity warning to the Moroccan bid in January 2018. The general secretary of FIFA Fatma Samoura warned voters in a letter "not to accept any technical or development support which may unduly affect the integrity of the bidding procedure". Moroccan bid officials had at one point discussed a formal relationship with the Confederation of African Football (CAF) which would allow for training camps and other development activities for countries on the continent.

The aforementioned Samoura was referred to FIFA's ethics committee after it was discovered she had familial links to El Hadji Diouf, an ambassador of the bid. There was a complaint that deemed this relationship to be a conflict of interest.

The transportation plans put forward by the bid team were rated as being of high risk for FIFA. Out of all the sections of the bid that were scored, the transportation section received the lowest at 2.1 out of 5. Concerns were raised over the dependence of just one airport for most of the flights (in Casablanca) and the lack of transportation links within cities and stadiums. According to FIFA, the bid relied on high cost infrastructure across all modes of transportation in a shorter amount of time.

The Moroccan bid would have needed to spend about US$16 billion in upgrades to stadiums, building new stadiums and infrastructure. This represented about 16% of the country's GDP (US$100 billion). This was compared with only 6% for public health. Increased spending for the World Cup, while social services receiving cuts caused a lot of protests during the last World Cup held in 2014 in Brazil. There were no legacy plans for all the newly built stadiums. This was in contrast to the North American bid, which exclusively used existing stadiums and did not require any of the host countries to take on debt.

FIFA had to make a second unscheduled visit to Morocco, after the governing body was not satisfied with the requirements presented in the bid book as deficiencies were discovered, unlike the North American bid. Morocco's bid leader "acknowledged it had to improve the quality of the submission made to FIFA in March [2018] because inadequacies were identified" (by FIFA). When the bid was announced, only a two sentence statement was announced announcing the country's entrance into the competition. With less than six months remaining, Morocco named a chairman for its bid committee and did not have a logo or a website. This was in contrast with the North American bid, which was well ahead in planning at that point.

FIFA's bid evaluation committee expressed concerns over the quality of stadiums proposed by the Moroccan bid. The committee "'noticed some deviations from the initial planned program" [in relations to the stadiums proposed]. Concerns were also raised over the quality of training grounds proposed. The president of the bid, Moulay Hafid Elalamy, mentioned that there was a need to "improve the quality of our bid book". The Moroccan stadiums need extensive modernisation to match the stadiums proposed by the North American bid. The stadium plans put forward by the bid team were rated as being of high risk for FIFA.

FIFA criticised the bid for including several potential white elephant stadiums — expensive venues which their owners could not dispose of and whose costs, particularly those for maintenance, were out of proportion to their usefulness — compared with the North American bid, which used venues that were already in use by professional sports teams. This was done after Morocco complained of the bid process. FIFA replied, "In order to avoid unsustainable bids ... with the creation of 'white elephants' – something FIFA has been heavily criticised for in the past – the scoring system evaluates with objective criteria how meaningful and sustainable is the infrastructure presented in the bids". Morocco was expected to spend US$16 billion if successful in tournament infrastructure, while the North American bid needed no new tournament-specific infrastructure. This put much more risk on FIFA if it selected the Moroccan bid, as listed in the evaluation committee's review of the two bids. The Moroccan bid committee accepted the fact that it could not host the event tomorrow, but the North American bid could.

Security was a concern for the bid. Morocco is in the North African region which has experienced political instability and terrorist attacks in neighbouring countries of Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. A terror attack happened in 2011 in Marrakesh, a proposed host city for the bid. A total of 17 people were killed in the attack at Jemaa el-Fnaa Square, which was also the proposed fan site if the bid was successful.

FIFA rated the bid with a medium risk for human rights and labour standards. Further concerns were raised when stray dogs were put to death by being shot while the FIFA inspection committee was there.

Morocco did not mention that homosexuality is illegal in the country in its bid book. There was also no attempt how this would be mitigated (for LGBT athletes and fans) if the country was given the right to host the World Cup. FIFA's guidelines for World Cup hosts explicitly mentioned that "host countries must guarantee there is no discrimination of any nature". Ahmed El Haij, president of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights, told the Associated Press, "it is evident that if Morocco was to host the World Cup, LGBT people coming to watch the games will face a lot of discrimination. The state will not be able to protect them nor will it be able to commit in preventing measures that could be taken against them by both the state and society".

The Morocco bid projected a revenue of just US$785 million, which was less than half of what the North American bid projected (at US$1.8 billion). This was the primary reason that FIFA president Gianni Infantino thought of preferring the North American bid.

In its bid book, Morocco acknowledged issues with "ultra" fans, which are also known as violent supporters. This was highlighted in February 2018, when 65 people were arrested and vandalism was caused at a stadium in Marrakesh.

FIFA expressed concerns over Morocco's hotel capacity. The country was expected to invest US$3.2 billion in hotel capacity in the lead-up to 2026, if successful in the bid. The evaluation committee had multiple questions in regards to the capacity of the accommodation proposed. About an additional 30,000 hotel rooms were thought to be needed for Morocco to stage the World Cup. The accommodation plans put forward by the bid team were rated as being of high risk for FIFA, while the North American bid was rated as low risk.

There were calls in some countries to not support the bid, due to the Western Sahara conflict. South Africa did not support the bid, after ties between the two nations were strained since 2004 over the Western Sahara issue. Other countries such as Namibia also ruled out voting for Morocco, after it claimed, "It will never support nor align itself with a coloniser".

References

External links

 Bid book

Morocco
Bid


Burgess Company

The Burgess Company was a U.S. airplane manufacturer between 1910 and 1918.

History
The business was incorporated in 1910 as the "Burgess Company and Curtis, Inc." (after W. Starling Burgess and Greely S. Curtis, its co-founders with Frank Henry Russell). The company was an offshoot of the W. Starling Burgess Shipyard, of Marblehead, Massachusetts.

Burgess was the first licensed aircraft manufacturer in the United States. On February 1, 1911, it received a license to build Wright aircraft from the Wright Brothers, who held several key aeronautical patents. Burgess was charged licensing fees of $1000 per aircraft and $100 per exhibition flight. In 1912 Burgess fitted some of its Wright Model F airplanes with pontoons, contrary to the Wright Company's licensing provisions, which permitted only exact copies of their designs. The license agreement was terminated by mutual consent in January 1914.

In the same month, January 1914, the organization became the Burgess Company, a name change to avoid confusion with the Curtiss Aeroplane and Engine Company. Greely S. Curtis continued as Treasurer and its major shareholder. Burgess designed and flight tested most of the aircraft that were manufactured at the two plant sites in Marblehead. Curtis was the company's financial and engineering adviser and Russell, formerly the manager of the Wright Company's Dayton factory, managed their production operations. The Burgess Company was acquired on February 10, 1914 by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. The Burgess Company then operated as a manufacturing subsidiary producing Curtiss's naval training aircraft in late 1916 and continued to produce these aircraft under the Burgess name during World War I until its main production facility was totally destroyed by fire on November 8, 1918.

The company provided seaplanes and other aircraft to the military. The first tractor configuration airplane purchased by the U.S. Army was a Burgess H (S.C. No. 9) in August 1912. In September 1913, a Burgess Model F seaplane based on a modified Wright Model B design with pontoons, was delivered to the Signal Corps for use in the Philippines to maintain a flying school. The same aircraft (S.C. No. 17) in December 1914 was the first in the Army to demonstrate two-way air-to-ground radio communications.

Aircraft

See also

 Glenn Curtiss
 W. Starling Burgess

References

Bibliography

External links

 Replica of Famous WW1 Plane – 1914 Burgess Dunne
 The Most Talented Aviation Pioneer You Never Heard Of – Air and Space Magazine

Category:Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Category:Companies based in Marblehead, Massachusetts


Saint-Orens-Pouy-Petit

Saint-Orens-Pouy-Petit  is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.

Central to the commune is the classic Gers Pierre Blanche bastide of St Orens, consisting of a walled community on a fierce outcrop of rock, situated 2 km to the east of the D654 between Condom and Saint-Puy. St Orens has views to the south, including the Pyrenees in fine weather.

On a facing hill is the hamlet of Hameau de Pouy-Petit.

Saint Orens holds a Catholic church and the Château St Orens (sixteenth century). Hameau de Pouy-Petit has the Château gascon de Pouy-Petit (eighteenth century).

Geography

Population

Economy
Agriculture
St Orens sits within of a large agricultural region, with common crops including corn, colza, sunflowers and grain. There are also a number of vineyards, producing grapes for wine or distilling.

Local market towns are known for their fine fruit and vegetables, particularly Condom, Nérac and Lectoure

Other products from local producers include:

 Armagnac brandy
 Côtes de Gascogne
 Floc de Gascogne
 Foie gras

Sites of interest
   Fortified village walls (St Orens) - St Orens is enclosed by white stone walls (incomplete in sections) dating to the thirteenth century
   Château de St Orens (sixteenth century) - forming the western end of the fortified village, now containing the Salle de Fête (a function and exhibition space) and Mairie (mayor's office). The chateau was given to a lieutenant of the French gentleman soldier Blaise de Monluc, based in Saint-Puy.
   Château de Pouy-Petit (eighteenth century)
   Lavoir: a reconstructed washing area below St Orens, used by the villagers prior to modern plumbing
   Library
   Ceramics workshop and gallery
   Brocante
   Rare and vintage button shop
   Tennis court
   Boule patch

Arts
Like much of the Gers, St Orens had seen a slow period of decline through the twentieth century, leaving a number of properties in the village empty. An influx of newcomers and returnees in the 1970s and 1980s helped reverse this process. A number of these people were artists and artisans, creating a vibrant artistic community. The Salle de Fête regularly hosts arts exhibitions by local artists, and the nearby Musée d'Art Naïf (Béraut) complements this picture.

Flora and fauna
Observed around the bastide:

Mammals
Coypu, various deer species, wild boar

Birds
Barn owl, golden oriole, hoopoe, black redstart, kestrel, common buzzard, black kite, greenfinch, rock bunting, pigeon

Butterflies
Orange tip, European peacock, southern swallowtail, clouded yellow, small blue, white admiral, red admiral, painted lady, Queen of Spain fritillary

See also
 Communes of the Gers department
 Armagnac (province)
 Gascony

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Gers


Yuanling Yuan

Yuanling Yuan (born 3 June 1994) is a Canadian chess player and entrepreneur. She was awarded the title of Woman International Master (WIM) by FIDE in 2009. Yuan competed in the Women's World Chess Championship in 2015 and represented Canada five times at the Women's Chess Olympiad (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016).

Biography

Born in Shanghai, Yuanling Yuan moved to Canada with her family when she was five years old. While in Ottawa she was playing for the RA Chess Club, but when she moved to Toronto she joined the Scarborough Chess Club.

She attended Victoria Park Collegiate Institute from 2008 to 2012, completing the International Baccalaureate program in high school. In July 2015, Yuan shared her experience of founding a non-profit organisation "Chess in the Library" at the IB Conference of the Americas in Chicago.  In 2016, Yuanling graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in Economics.

In 2003 Yuan became Canadian Master after winning the Canadian girls' under-10 title. In 2007, as a seventh grader, she became the high school champion of both Toronto and Ontario, as well as the junior champion of Toronto. She ended 2008 as the top rated Canadian female competitor after placing second behind Cuban Zirka Frometa Castillo at the Pan-American Women's Championship in San Salvador. She was the highest rated Canadian female player between 2008 and 2015.

As member of the Canadian national women's team she played the 38th Chess Olympiad, 2008, in Dresden on second board (6½ points out of 10 games), the 39th Chess Olympiad, 2010, in Khanty-Mansiysk on first board (7½ points out of 11 games) and the 41st Chess Olympiad, 2014 in Tromsø on first board (7½ points out of 11 games).

In October 2009 Yuan was awarded the title of Woman International Master (WIM) by FIDE, and remains the youngest Canadian in history to gain this title. She achieved the required norms at the Pan-American Women's Championship in May 2008 as well as six weeks later at a tournament in Chicago.

In March 2015, Yuan competed in the Women's World Championship. In the first round, she won against Mariya Muzychuk, the 8th seed player and eventual winner, in the first game. Yuan lost the second and went on losing the tiebreakers, therefore exiting the tournament.

Chess in the Library

In 2009, she founded the program Chess in the Library. This volunteer organization draws interest to chess in public libraries, including the opportunity to play and organize chess in libraries. The organization has more than 28 member libraries in Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia and Washington, D.C..

Entrepreneurship

In 2014, Yuan founded the start-up SubLite LLC, a platform that assists with college students finding housing and internships. The start-up was backed by both the Yale Entrepreneurship Institute and the Wharton Innovation Fund.

References

External links

 Yuan Yuanling team chess record at Olimpbase.org

 Blog of Chess in the Library

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chess Olympiad competitors
Category:Chess woman International Masters
Category:Canadian female chess players
Category:People from Shanghai
Category:Chinese emigrants to Canada


Lion's share

The lion's share is an idiomatic expression which refers to the major share of something. The phrase derives from the plot of a number of fables ascribed to Aesop and is used here as their generic title. There are two main types of story, which exist in several different versions. Other fables exist in the East that feature  division of prey in such a way that the divider gains the greater part - or even the whole.

The Phaedrus version
 The early Latin version of Phaedrus begins with the reflection that "Partnership with the mighty is never trustworthy". It then relates how a cow, a goat and a sheep go hunting together with a lion. When it comes to dividing the spoil, the lion says, "I take the first portion because of my title, since I am addressed as king; the second portion you will assign to me, since I’m your partner; then because I am the stronger, the third will follow me; and an accident will happen to anyone who touches the fourth." This was listed as Fable 339 in the Perry Index and was later the version followed by William Caxton in his 1484 collection of the Fables.

The number of differing variations circulating by the time of the Middle Ages is witnessed  by the fact that Marie de France included two in her 12th century Ysopet. Both appear under the title "The Lion Goes Hunting" (De Leone Venante). On one occasion, she recounts, the lion is joined by officers of his court, a wild ox and a wolf, who divide the catch into three and invite their lord to apportion it. Then on another occasion, when the lion is accompanied by a goat and a sheep, the deer they take is divided into four. In both cases the lion begins by claiming portions as a legal right and retains the others with threats. In La Fontaine's Fables there is a fourfold division between a heifer, a goat and a lamb (Fables I.6). Each of these the lion retains because he is king, the strongest, the bravest, and will kill the first who touches the fourth part.

A Latin reference to Aesop's fable is found at the start of the Common Era, where the phrase societas leonina (a leonine company) was used by one Roman lawyer to describe the kind of unequal business partnership described by Aesop. The early 19th century writer Jefferys Taylor also retold the fable in terms of a commercial enterprise in his poem "The Beasts in Partnership":
This firm once existed, I'd have you to know,
Messrs Lion, Wolf, Tiger, Fox, Leopard & Co;
These in business were join'd, and of course 'twas implied,
They their stocks should unite, and the profits divide.

The Babrius version
In the extended Greek telling of Babrius it is a wild donkey and a lion who go hunting together, the first outstanding for strength, the second for speed. The lion divides their take into three, awarding himself the first because he is king of the beasts, the second because they are 'equal' partners, and suggesting that the ass runs away quickly rather than dare to touch the third. The moral Babrius draws is, "Measure yourself! Do not engage in any business or partnership with a man more powerful!"

Another version that first appeared in the Middle Ages is more cynical still. A fox joins the lion and donkey in hunting. When the donkey divides their catch into three equal portions, the angry lion kills the donkey and eats him. The fox then puts everything into one pile, leaving just a tiny bit for herself, and tells the lion to choose. When the lion asks her how she learned to share things this way, the fox replies, "From the donkey’s misfortune." This variation is given a separate number (149) in the Perry Index and is the one followed by such Neo-Latin writers as Gabriele Faerno and Hieronymus Osius and in English by Geoffrey Whitney.

This alternative fable was given a different reading by the 13th century Persian poet, Rumi in his Masnavi. He began by orienting the reader to interpret the fable in a spiritual sense:
Melt away your existence, as copper in the elixir, in the being of Him who fosters existence.
You have fastened both your hands tight on 'I' and 'we': all this ruin is caused by dualism.
In Rumi's telling, the lion had a wolf and a fox as hunting companions. The lion ordered the wolf to divide the catch and when it did so into three parts, tore off the wolf’s head, just as the lion tore the donkey to pieces in Aesop’s fable. Rumi's speciality, however, is always to offer an explanation of his actors' motives. In this case the lion explains that it is an act of grace for him to do so since the wolf did not recognise superiority when he saw it.

When the fox was tested in the same way, he did not even retain a morsel for himself, explaining (as in the Greek version) that he had learned wisdom from the wolf's fate and thanking the lion for giving him the privilege of going second. This allows Rumi to conclude that we are lucky to be living now, with the examples of past generations to guide us. Rumi’s fox then worships at the feet of the lion, addressing him with the words "O king of the world" and is duly rewarded for this devotion with everything that he had resigned to the divine king.

Much the same interpretation was given to the tale by Rumi's English contemporary, Odo of Cheriton, in the Latin work known as Parabolae. For him too the lion is a symbol of God and his actions are interpreted as an expression of divine justice. Odo explains that the lion punished the wolf, as God did Adam, for the sin of disobedience. The moral of the story is to learn from this example to show reverence to God, just as the fox learned from the wolf’s punishment. This reading of the fable therefore gained currency in Western Europe too, both via the preachers who used Odo's book as a source of stories for their sermons and through translations of it into French, Spanish and Welsh.

Other related Eastern fables
There is a close family resemblance between fables where the lion takes all because he can and fables where an arbiter takes advantage of his powerful position, and indeed both are type 51 in the Aarne–Thompson classification system.  The 10th-century Arabic Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity tells one such arbitration fable, said there to be of Indian origin. Here a group of foxes are sharing a dead camel. They cannot decide how to divide it among themselves and persuade a passing wolf to make a just division. At first the wolf begins to do this, but on further consideration he decides to keep the rest for himself, as he is, after all, more powerful. (In this case, however, the foxes appeal to the lion who decides in their favour and kills the wolf and returns the camel to them.)

This fable shades into an Indian variant of the story, first told as the Dabbhapuppha Jataka, which features different animals but has at its centre the same situation of an animal making an unequal division. Here a jackal offers to arbitrate between two otters who are quarrelling over a fish they have co-operated in bringing to land. The jackal awards them the head and tail and runs off with the bulk of their catch. As well as being a condemnation of the greed that leads to strife, the tale takes a sceptical view of how the powerful frame the law to suit themselves, concluding with the satirical verse,
Just as, when strife arises among men,They seek an arbiter: he's leader then;
Their wealth decays and the king's coffers gain.

In that the tale deals with outside arbitration, however, it has certain points in common with another of Aesop's fables, The Lion, the Bear and the Fox, in which the first two beasts simultaneously attack a kid and then fight over their spoil. When they are both too exhausted to move, a fox steals their prey and leaves them to reflect, "How much better it would have been to have shared in a friendly spirit."

References

External links

Category:Aesop's Fables
Category:English phrases
Category:English-language idioms
Category:Fictional lions
Category:Hunting
The heifer, the goat and the sheep in company with the lion


Jacobus Verhoeff

Jacobus "Koos" Verhoeff (20 February 1927 – 19 March 2018) was a Dutch mathematician, computer scientist, and artist.  He is known for his work on error detection and correction, and worked on information retrieval. He has also held exhibitions of his mathematically inspired sculptures.

He was best known for his check-digit Verhoeff algorithm, which is based on the dihedral group of order 10.

He was the father of Tom Verhoeff, also a mathematician and computer scientist.

Selected publications

References

Category:1927 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Dutch mathematicians
Category:Dutch computer scientists
Category:Erasmus University Rotterdam faculty
Category:University of Amsterdam alumni
Category:People from The Hague


Crynfryn

Crynfryn is a hamlet bach in the  community of Nancwnlle, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 64.6 miles (104 km) from Cardiff and 175.7 miles (282.8 km) from London. Crynfryn is represented in the  National Assembly for Wales by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and the Member of Parliament is Mark Williams (Liberal Democrats).

See also
List of localities in Wales by population

References

Category:Villages in Ceredigion