List of Big Brother 7 (American season) houseguests

A total of fourteen HouseGuests entered the house to compete in the All Stars edition of the American reality series Big Brother. This was the first season to feature returning HouseGuests competing for the grand prize, and is one of six seasons to feature previous HouseGuests competing. At least one HouseGuest from each season is featured in the All Stars edition. Big Brother 1 had the lowest number of participants, with only HouseGuest George competing. Big Brother 6 had the highest number of HouseGuests competing this year, with Janelle, Howie, James and Kaysar all returning to compete.

Alison

Alison Kemerer Irwin (born August 7, 1980), 39, was the Runner-Up in the fourth edition of Big Brother. She became well known for her manipulative gameplay, as well as the fact that she "hooked up" with numerous male HouseGuests to advance herself farther in the house. During the first week in the house, she became a part of the plan to make Jase disagree with Janelle's nominations, thus nominating the two of them. Despite this, Jase and Janelle nominated Alison and Danielle for eviction. Following the nominations, Janelle wanted Alison evicted. Despite HouseGuests Mike and Will campaigning for her to stay, Alison was evicted in an eight to two vote on Day 11. Following her eviction, she was questioned in the studio by host Julie Chen, and her answers helped determine the new Head of Household. She briefly appeared later in the season during the "Ghost of Seasons past" competition.

Danielle

Danielle Reyes (born January 22, 1972), 47 ,was a property manager from Vacaville, California, married with two daughters. Danielle was the Runner-Up in the third edition of Big Brother, losing in a nine to one Jury vote. Danielle is often seen as one of the greatest players to never win the game, a title that led her to seek "redemption" for her loss. Danielle was nominated against Alison in the first week, after the two devised a plan to get rid of HouseGuest Janelle. Danielle later survived the eviction, and Alison was evicted. Despite acting as though she had friendships with the members of the "Season Six alliance", Danielle was often seen campaigning to get them out. Following Diane's eviction, Danielle formed the "Legion of Doom" alliance with Mike, Will and James, with the goal of evicting Janelle from the house. Danielle was the fifth Head of Household of the season, and nominated Janelle and James for eviction. When Janelle won the Power of Veto, Kaysar was nominated in her place. Kaysar was evicted that week. The following week, Janelle became Head of Household and nominated Danielle for eviction. The following day, however, Danielle won her first Power of Veto competition, and saved herself from eviction. Danielle was later nominated in the eighth week by Head of Household Erika. On Day 60, Danielle was evicted in a three to zero vote. She came in 6th place, and voted for Mike to win.

Diane

Diane Nicole Henry (born March 1, 1982), 37, is a cocktail waitress from Burlington, Kentucky. She came in 3rd place in the fifth edition of the series. Diane became a fan favorite, and was voted into the house by viewers. Before entering the house, Diane formed the "Mr. & Mrs. Smith" alliance with Jase, keeping it a secret until the finale. She also had a close friendship with Nakomis, who Diane had been aligned with throughout the fifth season. After voting against the majority during the first week, both Diane and Nakomis found themselves nominated in the second week. Nakomis was evicted that week, with Diane surviving the eviction. She was later nominated by Janelle in the fourth week as a replacement nominee for Mike. Diane was ultimately evicted on Day 32 in a seven to one vote. She came in 11th place.

Erika

Erika Michelle Landin (born December 5, 1969), 50, is a Pilates instructor from Chicago, Illinois. She was originally a contestant on Big Brother 4, coming in fourth place.  Since Big Brother 4, there has been a common dislike between her and fellow All-Star Alison Irwin, who was the sole Houseguest responsible for Erika's eviction in that season. In Season 7, Alison was evicted first, and Erika has faced little animosity.

As a Pilates instructor, she occasionally led Pilates lessons for the houseguests in the backyard of the house. Another contestant, Marcellas, has compared Erika's gameplay to that of Amber Mariano in Survivor: All-Stars, as she is playing under the radar. Because Amber went on to win Survivor: All-Stars, Marcellas claimed that Erika should be closely watched. Many houseguests consider her a strong competitor, but she is frequently nominated as a pawn instead of as a target.

Erika won Week 2's Power of Veto, but did not use it to save either Diane or Nakomis from the nomination block. On Week 4, Erika was nominated by Janelle as a pawn against Mike.  After Diane became the replacement nominee, Erika foiled Diane's plans to sway the houseguests's votes.  Erika only received an eviction vote from Will that week.  Erika later won Week 6's HoH competition.  Unfortunately, the competition was replayed due to technical glitches during the original competition, and Janelle became the new HoH instead. Janelle attacked Erika gameplay as a "floater" and nominated her. In the Diary Room, however, Erika claimed to be "a simple girl from a town called Chill."  Erika again avoided eviction, after vigorous campaigning for replacement nominee Marcellas' eviction.  Immediately afterwards, George won the Head of Household and had to nominate two people on the spot. He chose to nominate Erika and James.  James saved himself with the power of Veto and was replaced by Howie.  For the third time, Erika survived the eviction by receiving only two out of five votes.

Erika finally officially won a Head of Household competition on Week 8. She celebrated wildly upon winning, along with ally Danielle, whom she told was "so safe." Erika's original nomination choices were Janelle and Chicken George, with the intention of removing Janelle. Janelle won the Veto yet again, however, and Erika found herself in a difficult position. Her "showmance" Boogie urged her to nominate Danielle, and was strongly set against Will's elimination. Despite being confused with Mike's loyalties, Erika chose to nominate Danielle, who claimed it was a "betrayal." The controversial decision led to much animosity between the two women, and Danielle was evicted.

Immediately following that, the Houseguests learned another contestant would be gone within the next forty-five minutes. After a quick Head of Household competition, Janelle was crowned the HoH. She nominated Erika and George, with the intention of eliminating Erika, but Erika won the Power of Veto. Mike took Erika's place, but George was evicted 2-0.

After Mike won the Head of Household, and Janelle the Power of Veto it would be between Erika and Will to be evicted. Despite Will's wrap on Janelle throughout the game, Erika decided to reveal all to Janelle in hopes of saving herself. This led to the two of them finally figuring out what Chilltown was doing and they formed a final two alliance. Erika survived the eviction again and Will was out.

After Erika won part one and Mike won part two, she decided to reaffirm her alliance with him. She still liked him, although he had called her a "ho" in the Diary Room following his friend Will's eviction. Mike won the final part of the Head of Household competition and evicted Janelle. In the final two many jury members disliked Erika's gameplay and felt Mike played better. She lost the final vote 6-1, only receiving the vote of Marcellas.

George
George Allen Boswell, also known as "Chicken George," was originally a contestant on Big Brother 1. He was the only Houseguest from that season eligible to enter the All-Star house. This is likely in part to the fact that Big Brother 1 was a much different game than the seasons that followed.  As well, winner Eddie McGee and fan favorite Brittany Petros were both approached and declined the invitation to return. Big Brother 1 had lower ratings and played more like the international versions of Big Brother.  Despite this, George was chosen to enter the All-Star house by the producers.  He became the eighth male to enter the house, leaving the gender division in the house at 8-6 instead of the usual even split.

In the early days of the game, George was often ridiculed and dismissed as a minor resident of the house. As time passed, however, he began gaining recognition as a potential threat due to his under-the-radar personality.  Some houseguests have compared him to Michael "Cowboy" Ellis, who many believed was taken to the final two of Season 5 because he was unlikely to win. On Week 3, James nominated George for eviction alongside Will, stating that having caught George eavesdropping on his conversations. George was unhappy about his nomination and began harbor some animosity for James. Seemingly against all odds, George won the Power of Veto.  On the downside, he won the veto by choosing to eat only "slop" for the remainder of his time in the house.  George made a very touching speech at the Veto Ceremony, claiming to feel honored to play with each and every Houseguest, and then he vetoed his own nomination.  He was allowed to eat regular food for a week when Marcellas gave him the slop pass he won during Week 5's HOH competition.  During Week 6, Head of Household Janelle was angry at Chicken George for having sworn on his kids that he wouldn't vote to evict Kaysar yet doing so anyway. However, George actually promised no such thing—he actually told Kaysar he was unsure what he was going to do.  Despite intentions to name George as a replacement nominee after Danielle Reyes won the Power of Veto, she chose instead to nominate Marcellas Reynolds, giving George safety for another week.

At the beginning of Week 7 on Day 46, George won the Head of Household competition in a tie-breaker against Danielle. As part of a surprise double-eviction week, he was forced to immediately nominate two housemate for eviction live. He nominated James and Erika. However, James won the veto and George then nominated Howie.

At the beginning of Week Eight, George was nominated alongside Janelle by Erika. Janelle won the veto and removed herself from the block, causing Head of Household Erika to nominate Danielle. Danielle Reyes was evicted the following Thursday, day 60.

In addition, Day 60 included "Big Brother Overdrive", a game element where a full week's worth of play took place in an hour. George Boswell was nominated alongside Erika, but Erika won the Power of Veto. She was replaced with Mike, and George was then evicted by a 2-0 vote. Once evicted, George received a bucket of classic KFC chicken from a man dressed as Colonel Sanders, and was sent to the jury house.

Howie

Howie Gordon (born January 7, 1971), 49, is one of many All-Star contestants to originate from Big Brother 6. He placed fifth that season and was the last remaining male contestant. Known for his crazy and funny antics, Howie was typically perceived as a light-hearted goofball. There were times throughout the season, however, when Howie became extremely upset and uncharacteristically serious. One such occasion is his infamous "Busto" rant, in which he claimed fellow contestant April was thoroughly useless. Despite this, his popularity rating was consistently very high throughout the season.

During the first days in the All-Stars house, Howie very enthusiastically made mention of the wonderful variety of "boobies" in the house. Howie's strategy has been very similar to his original strategy in Big Brother 6. Always joking, he has once again become known as the goofball, and is usually viewed in a favorable light. However, Howie did run into some conflict with Will, as the two constantly seemed to insult one another - sometimes in joking spirit, other times not. Julie discussed this on the first eviction night, and it hasn't been mentioned since. Howie largely considers himself a "Jedi," and he is usually seen with a lightsaber. This season, he took Chicken George under his wing as a "Jedi Apprentice." Howie sparked mild controversy during Week 6's Head of Household competition. During the competition, Howie's cubicle did not light up during one of the questions when he pressed his buzzer, leading host Julie Chen to believe that Howie had not answered the question.  Howie left in protest that he did hit the button but his box didn't flash due to technical errors.  This problem, along with other technical problems, led to a re-do competition, which was won by Howie's ally, Janelle. The following week, George named Howie as a replacement nominee when James saved himself with the Power of Veto.  During that night's eviction, Howie received three votes to Erika's two.  Howie's exit from the Big Brother house was one of the most dramatic to date, where he physically confronted Boogie on the way out the door.  He became the second member of the All-Stars jury.  Upon arrival at the sequester house, Howie told fellow evictee Marcellas, "I couldn't beat a chicken".

James

James Allen Rhine (born December 6, 1975), 44, was a contestant from Big Brother 6, coming in seventh place overall. During that season, he was constantly targeted but proved quite difficult to eliminate, as he won more Veto challenges than any other Houseguest in Big Brother US history. James was often targeted because he was perceived as deceptive. James was finally evicted when the two opposing alliances in the house - between whom James had meticulously played the entire game - came together to eliminate him.

Although he entered the house as part of the Season Six alliance, he did not have much trust that they wouldn't turn on him again. He decided to try protecting Diane and Danielle as well. On Week 3, James won the HoH Competition. His original nominations were Will and George, but when George vetoed his own nomination, James made the controversial decision to put Jase up as a replacement nominee for floating between the two early alliances. In Week 4, after Janelle named Diane as the replacement nominee instead of Will, James said, "As far as the BB6 alliance goes, I'm done," and also, "I'm going to do whatever it takes to make sure Janelle gets screwed." Although James openly remained a member of his originally alliance, he secretly aligned himself with Danielle as well as Will and Mike, forming the Legion of Doom alliance. During the next week's Head of Household competition, James won the power to nullify an eviction vote and Danielle became the Head of Household. She nominated James as a pawn alongside Janelle. Danielle believed James would be able to beat Janelle in the Veto competition. Janelle won instead and saved herself. Danielle chose to nominate Kaysar in her place. Before the eviction, James nullified Janelle's eviction vote, as he knew it would be against him. Kaysar was subsequently evicted 5-1.

George won the first Week 7 Head of Household competition during a double eviction week and had to make his nominations on the spot. George went after James and Erika. However, James won the veto. Howie became the replacement nominee and was evicted. Mike "Boogie" won the next HoH competition, choosing to nominate Janelle and James. This was the second time that Janelle and James were nominated together. Janelle again saved herself with the Power of Veto during a controversial competition. James claimed that Janelle stole a doll from him and thus, cheated. George was placed alongside James as a pawn. Mike "Boogie" has stated his intention is to evict James and on day 53 he was evicted by a 3 to 1 vote.

Janelle

Janelle Marie Pierzina (born January 10, 1980), 40, is one of the Houseguests whose original season was Big Brother 6. Janelle likes to think of herself as a buxom blonde. On Big Brother 6, she finished third, losing to Ivette Corredero and Maggie Ausburn. During her time in the Big Brother 6 house, she was quite popular in the public's eye, winning numerous America's Choice prizes and having an extremely high popularity rating of 93% on the second-to-last week of Big Brother 6, thus, establishing her as being the most popular female Big Brother Houseguest of all time and tying fellow Big Brother 6 contestant, Kaysar, who is the most popular male Big Brother Houseguest of all time.

In the first week in the Big Brother 7 house, Janelle shared the Head of Household power with Jase, and the two collaborated to nominate Danielle and Alison for eviction. Janelle also won the Veto that week, but chose not to use it.

Janelle became Head of Household again on Week 4, marking the fourth consecutive week that an All-Star originating from Big Brother 6 was in power. Janelle found it difficult to choose between nominating floaters and nominating Will and Mike, the components of Chill Town. Perhaps swayed by several different Houseguests, Janelle nominated Mike "Boogie" and Erika, one from each of the groups. When Mike won the Power of Veto and subsequently saved himself, she replaced him with Diane. This was to ensure that a floater would leave that week. This move was controversial among the Houseguests, as it seemed Chill Town had major input in the decision.

On Week 5, Danielle won the Head of Household competition. Having been quite frustrated with Janelle's actions the previous week, Danielle chose to nominate her alongside James, whose role was that of a pawn. Janelle proved tenacious, however, when she won the Power of Veto, allowing her to veto her nomination. Janelle used the Power of Veto and Danielle nominated Janelle's ally Kaysar in her place.

On Week 6, a live competition was shown that revealed that Erika had won the Head of Household competition. Throughout the competition, however, there were several technical errors, including Howie's buzzer malfunction. Because of this, the competition was re-run, and Janelle emerged as the winner. She nominated the two other remaining women in the house, Danielle and Erika. Danielle won the Power of Veto, and Janelle was forced to make a replacement nomination. With much persuasion by Howie, James, Will, and Mike, Janelle finally agreed to nominate her good friend Marcellas. Under the impression he would be spared and Erika would be evicted, Janelle was disappointed to see Marcellas get evicted. Immediately following Marcellas' eviction, the Houseguests learned that another of them would be leaving the following night. Chicken George won the Head of Household competition and chose to nominate Erika and James. When James won the Veto and used it, George put up another of Janelle's allies, Howie. He was evicted over Erika. Was on current season.

On Week 7, the HoH competition was won by Mike "Boogie," who chose to nominate James and Janelle. Janelle won the Veto competition yet again, saving herself from eviction for the second time this season. James was evicted on Day 53 by a 3-1 vote.

On Week 8, Erika became Head of Household for the first time this season. The following day, Erika nominated Janelle and George for eviction, stating that her intention was to get Janelle out.  Janelle went on to win her fourth Veto of the season the following day, however, and took herself off the block. She wasreplaced with Danielle. On Day 60, Danielle was evicted by a 3-0 vote. Also on day 60, Janelle won her fourth HoH of the season and nominated George and Erika. Immediately following her nominations, the Veto competition took place, and Erika won the Veto, saving herself. . Janelle replaced Erika with Mike "Boogie". On Day 60, by a vote of 2-0, Chicken George was evicted from the Big Brother: All-Stars house.

On Week 9, Mike "Boogie" won the Head of Household competition, nominating Erika and Janelle. On Day 62, Janelle won yet another Veto competition, once again saving herself from possible eviction. With only Will left to fill Janelle's spot, Mike was forced to nominate his Chill Town ally. As the sole voter, Janelle was all set up to evict Erika, as Will had done his best to influence her like usual. Some conversation with Erika, however, lead to the revelation that both women had been told they were part of Chill Town. Feeling as though she'd been played, Janelle voted to evict Will, leaving the final three as her, Mike "Boogie," and Erika.  This unlikely trio were the participants in one of the most bizarre moments in Big Brother history.

The final Head of Household competition was set up in the traditional three-round format, with the first round again being an endurance competition. Contestants stood on pegs on the side of an improvised mountain, grasping with both hands keys placed above their heads.  It promised to be an hours long ordeal, but immediately upon the start of the competition Mike, somewhat cryptically invoking the name of Survivor contestant Richard Hatch, intentionally abandoned his post, stating aloud his belief that even if he were not to win Head of Household he was assured a spot in the finals as both women would rather face him than each other.

Mike's unexpected actions and bizarre words further discombobulated an already confused Janelle, who never seemed entirely certain of the rules. Straining to see and comprehend what he had done, she accidentally, barely but perceivably removed one of her hands from her key.  Julie Chen had no choice but to announce her elimination, leaving Erika as the winner of an endurance competition that lasted less than five minutes.  In the second round, titled "Fly by Night" and involving firing simulated lasers while suspended from ropes attached to harnesses, Mike defeated Janelle, advancing him to the round 3. He beat out Erika in a question and answer competition to clinch the last Head of Household competition, and he chose to evict Janelle.

Janelle set or tied a great variety of records this season. Julie Chen announced (on Janelle's eviction night) that Janelle had won the most competitions in a single and double season of any BB series. She won a total of 4 Head of Household competitions, 5 Power of Veto competitions and 2 America's choice, in this season alone, tying the record for most Head of Household wins set by Drew Daniel, and setting records for most Veto wins (since tied by Daniele Donato)  and most America's Choice wins in one season. In season 6 she had won 2 Head of Households, 2 vetos and 2 America's Choice. In total (from both seasons), she had won 17 competitions, excluding the luxury prizes she had won in season six.

On finale night, Janelle was announced as the winner of the last-second America's Choice prize. She walked away with $25,000.00.

Jase
Jason "Jase" Wirey was originally a contestant on Big Brother 5. It has been a common misconception that his name was Zach but On Big Brother Happy Hour with Chelsia and Missy, he revealed that his name was not actually Zach but just short for Jason. Because of his over-the-top, rambunctious nature, Jase was not well received by viewers or HouseGuests during that season. He was difficult to eliminate, however, as he was quite a competitor for Veto Challenges. This sparked Nakomis' infamous "Six-Finger Plan," a method of removing someone that leaves them defenseless. This is commonly referred to as "backdooring."

At the Veto, however, Chicken George saved himself, and, after some deliberation, James agreed to target Jase instead. Jase was not too happy about the turn of events, as he hated the idea of being "backdoored" again (though, in this case, it wasn't originally a planned backdooring). After a controversial outburst in the backyard, several HouseGuests felt much animosity toward Jase. Particularly, Marcellas and Jase had a confrontation that proceeded inside the house as well. Despite his efforts, he was indeed nominated in George's place. Though he hated the method of his elimination, Jase was evicted unanimously (9-0) in Week 3. He requested that only Diane and Danielle escort him to the door. Also he has been on an episode of the TV show The 5th Wheel which airs on Fox Reality.

Kaysar

Kaysar Ridha (born August 10, 1980), 39, was a Houseguest on Season 6 of Big Brother. He was the first Muslim-American in the Big Brother house, as well as being of Iraqi descent. While this did possibly lead to his nomination on Week 1, he was not evicted. He went on to evict the leader of the house's majority alliance, gathering a group of under-dogs and forming "The Sovereign Six." He was evicted the following week when the opposing alliance came into power. In a twist, Kaysar was voted back into the House with 82% of America's votes. That same week, he allowed a member of the opposing alliance to become Head of Household and was evicted again. Kaysar is one of five contestants to ever re-enter the Big Brother house in one season, the others being Amy Crews from Season 3, Sharon Obermueller and "Crazy" James Zinkand from Season 9, and Brendon Villegas from Season 13. Kaysar became one of the most popular Houseguests in Big Brother US History, along with Janelle. At one point, he held a 93% popularity rating, thus becoming Big Brother's most popular male houseguest of all time.

Kaysar was voted into the Big Brother 7 House, where he was immediately perceived as arrogant by Mike "Boogie" Malin and Will Kirby. As one of four contestants from Big Brother 6 to enter the All-Star house, Kaysar's alliance had an immediate target. On Week 2, Kaysar became Head of Household and he chose to nominate "floaters" Nakomis and Diane. Throughout the show he has been closely linked to Erika, though this is likely to have been through editing especially as Kaysar's Muslim beliefs prevent him from dating. (Erika has since claimed to be romantically linked to Mike "Boogie," even before the game and claimed Kaysar was her best friend in the house.) With Big Brother 6 alumni constantly becoming HoH in the first four weeks, Kaysar didn't have to worry about facing nomination early on. On Week 5, however, Kaysar was nominated during the veto ceremony after Janelle used the veto on herself and was evicted by a vote of five to one (Janelle's vote being nullified). Coincidentally, he left the house on his 26th birthday. Kaysar is the only one to have come back in both his seasons and to have been evicted 4 times in 12 months

Marcellas

Marcellas Reynolds , 47, was a houseguest from Big Brother 3.  During week 2 Marcellas won HoH. He nominated house guests Josh Fineberg and Tonya Paoni, resulting in the eviction of Tonya. Marcellas won his 2nd HoH during week 8. He nominated house guests Amy Crews and Roddy Mancuso, resulting in the eviction of Roddy. During week 9 Marcellas was nominated for eviction by HoH Jason Guy. Subsequently Marcellas won the first ever Golden Power of Veto competition. During the Veto Ceremony Marcellas failed to use the Golden Power of Veto on himself and was evicted. Because of this move, host Julie Chen jokingly slapped him on the head during his exit interview. He was evicted on day 69.

He hosted House Calls: The Big Brother Talk Show with Gretchen Massey during Big Brother 5 and 6. However, due to his participation in the All-Stars edition, he was unable to host the 3rd season.

A producers pick for Season 7, during Week 6, Marcellas was nominated by HoH Janelle when her original nominee, Danielle, used the Veto. Marcellas was evicted from the Big Brother house on day 46 and became the first member of the Big Brother jury. At the Big Brother 7 finale Marcellas cast the lone vote for fellow house guest Erika Landin.

Mike

Michael Robert "Mike" "Boogie" Malin (born on July 16, 1970) , 49, in Concord, New Hampshire. Malin graduated from Bentley College in Waltham, Massachusetts with a degree in finance. He also exercised his passion for theater arts while in attendance. He has a son named Brady. He was a Houseguest on Big Brother 2 where he was in an alliance with Will Kirby known as "Chill Town". He was in a relationship with former season two houseguest Krista Stegall and proposed to her on live television during the season finale. She accepted but several months later the engagement was called off.

Upon entering the house, however, he once again aligned himself heavily with Will, and the two re-established the "Chill Town" alliance. This seemingly created a target for the two, but they both were shocked several times not to be nominated. There has been speculation around the internet that Mike was only chosen because Will refused to participate without his buddy from Season 2. This belief was supported by an admission on the live feeds in the HOH by Will to James and Kaysar that he refused to participate unless Boogie was on the show. The producers cut the live feed soon after this statement. The topic was even discussed on CBS' House Calls, on which he is constantly referred to as "Booger." Mike Boogie was nominated on Week 4 by Head of Household Janelle, alongside Erika. He won the Power of Veto that week, however, earning him the ability to rescue himself. Mike used the Veto and Diane took his place. He and Will formed an alliance with Danielle and Season Six houseguest James- who had felt betrayed by his previous alliance. They referred to this alliance as the "Legion of Doom" but Danielle felt angry at her allies last week when they didn't try in the veto competition- letting Janelle win it. Mike and Will have also formed an alliance with remaining Sovereigns Janelle and Howie despite having declared early intention to see the two evicted. The four called this alliance "The Perfect Storm". He also has an alliance with Erika- who is he rumored to have been romantically involved with before the show began and has recently been making out with inside the house. He is working to save one of his allies Erika in favor of evicting Marcellas who he has referred to as a "cancer". At the end of Week 6, Mike was informed that he had won the new power of Coup D'État, which gives him the right to overthrow the Head of Household on the live eviction night and replace their nominees with any two people he chooses, excluding the Head of Household and the Veto holder. Week 7 was a double-eviction week.  Feeling betrayed by "Chill Town," evicted houseguest Howie confronted Mike on his way out the door, going as far as to throw the hat Mike was wearing across the room. Mike won the second HoH of the week. He chose to nominate Janelle and James, with the intention of evicting James. His wish was granted when Janelle won the Power of Veto and James was voted out 3-1.

At the final four, Mike won his second Head of Household of the season and nominated Janelle and Erika. Janelle won the Power of Veto again and the only remaining choice for Mike to nominate was his friend Will. Mike was shocked and saddened when Janelle decided to evict Will over Erika. He threw part one of the final HOH competition telling Julie Chen to remember Richard Hatch (this in reference to Survivor: Borneo when Richard Hatch threw the final immunity challenge as both of the other players would have to take him to have any shot at winning). He faced off against Janelle in part two of the Head of Household competition and defeated her.  He also won the final part of the HOH against Erika.  As HOH, he decided to evict Janelle, making Erika his opponent in the jury vote.  He won Big Brother All Stars by a vote of 6-1.

Malin returned yet during a food competition in Big Brother 10 which featured one representative from each season. He appeared on Big Brother 11 (2009) along with three other former HouseGuests Dick Donato, Janelle Pierzina, and Danielle Reyes that were interviewed about the final three houseguests. He competed on Big Brother 14 and later appeared on Big Brother 18 (2016) to talk about Frank Eudy's game in the house.

Nakomis
Jennifer Jeannene "Nakomis" Dedmon (born April 25, 1983), 36, better known as "Nakomis," made her Big Brother debut on Season 5. During Big Brother 5, Nakomis gained much recognition for a variety of things. One of the biggest twists of her season was her previously unknown connection to half-brother Michael "Cowboy" Ellis. While the two were happy to discover one another, they became parts of opposing alliances, and Cowboy went on to evict her. Nakomis was the inventor of the infamous "Six-Finger Plan," a method of easily evicting a player. This plan was used to evict Jase, another houseguest on Big Brother 7. He derided Nakomis and her methods of eviction during the season.

Nakomis garnered enough of America's votes to participate in Big Brother All-Stars. Upon entering the house, Nakomis said that she was surrounded with beautiful people and that she was not a "girly-girl."  During Week 2, Nakomis was nominated for eviction by Kaysar, who claimed to have nominated her because she is very intelligent, as well as claiming to have intended to nominate "floaters" in the game. On Day 18, Nakomis became the second houseguest to be evicted from the Big Brother: All Stars house. Only Janelle and Will chose not to vote against Nakomis, opting instead to vote for nominee Diane.

Will
William "Will" Terence Kirby (born January 2, 1973), 47, (sometimes called "Dr. Will" and Dr. Delicious and The Puppet Master) was the winner of Big Brother 2. He was the only winner to enter the All-Star house, a fact he believed to be a definite disadvantage. Will is nearly universally known for his extremely deceptive gameplay, creating a complex web of bogus alliances that helped him reach the Final Two.

With such a devious reputation preceding him, as well as his position as the only Big Brother Champ in the All-Star house, Will very much expected to be nominated on Week 1. To his great shock, he wasn't nominated, and he found this offensive. It's quite possible that this is merely Will's dry sense of humor. It should be noted, however, that Will has complained about needing to return home - as his career and relationship may suffer from sequester. Will ran into early conflicts with Howie, as the two thrived on exchanging insults. On Week 3, James nominated Will for eviction, alongside Chicken George. George won the Veto, but still gave Will the opportunity to speak. Will used this opportunity to explain to the Houseguests that he was having trouble thriving in the game because he could not find one of them he hated more than the other, as he hated them all so much. He claimed that, if he were not evicted, he would throw food challenges, Head of Household challenges, and Power of Veto challenges until he was. Ironically enough, Jase, the replacement nominee for George, was evicted instead of Will. Will had been perceived as fairly crazy in the house, having done such things as putting on a puppet show in the bathtub - his interpretation of the game thus far. Will was linked with Mike "Boogie" Malin, also an alumnus of Big Brother 2, as well as their original alliance, "Chill Town." The two managed to make several connections in the house. Despite mentioning the desire to evict Chill Town, the Season Six alliance never chose to do so despite winning the first four HOH competitions. This is largely credited to a web of bogus deals created by Chill Town and Will's claim of wanting to go home before sequester and that he would voluntarily leave the week before sequester point. The game reached beyond that point however before Will was evicted. Late in the season, Will seemed to acquire much influence over Janelle, a fortunate truth for him, as she had proven quite versatile in HoH competitions. He was largely responsible for Marcellas' eviction, as well as that of Diane in earlier weeks. Will was placed on the hotseat by Mike, having no other options after Janelle used the veto on herself. Will was evicted out of the house by Janelle on Day 65. Will was redeemed though when his friend Mike Boogie won the final Head of Household and chose to evict Janelle. Will, along with Janelle, Chicken George, Danielle, James, and Howie voted for Will's friend and Chilltown ally Mike Boogie, giving him a 6-1 victory over Erika. Dr. Will is considered as one of the greatest players of all time.

References

 7
Big Brother 7 houseguests (U.S.)


Faith and Politics Institute

The Faith & Politics Institute is a Washington, D.C. non-profit organization that serves members of Congress, national political leaders, and senior congressional staff by offering experiential pilgrimages, reflection groups, retreats and public forums."  Through its nonpartisan programs, the group "works to bridge racial, religious, and political divisions among elected officials, while promoting reflective and ethical leadership. Since 1991, over 300 hundred members of Congress have taken part in efforts "that encourage collaborative and visionary leadership practices and foster healing, civility, and respect.".  Joan M. Mooney serves as its President & CEO.  While many Democratic and Republican Congressional Representatives work with the organization, including those on its Congressional Advisory Board, Representative John Lewis, a former leader of the Civil rights movement in America, has played a special role in its programs, including its annual Civil Rights Pilgrimage to Alabama.

History
The Institute was founded in 1991 to "provide bipartisan, bridge-building opportunities for political leaders to experience the spiritual power of conscience, courage, and compassion."

Plans for the group resulted from an early "reflection group" that included Rep. Glenn Poshard, Ms. Anne Bartley, Rev. Joe Eldridge, and Rev. Doug Tanner. Convinced of the importance of such opportunities for reflection, Tanner founded the Institute in 1991 "with the hope of providing opportunities for meaningful interactions and experiences among those who lead and serve our nation",
Some of the Institute's earliest efforts were linked to the "Common Ground" program, providing opportunities for staffers and members to help rebuild churches burned by arsonists in the mid-1990s.

In 1997, the organization expanded its programs when then-President Rev. Doug Tanner persuaded Representative Amo Houghton and Representative John Lewis (D-GA) to serve as the co-chairs of the group's Board of Directors. Their involvement brought in many additional members and leaders of Congress interested in dialogue across party, religious, racial, and ideological lines, creating a "spiritual community of men and women who seek a better way to do the people's business."

Board and Advisors
The Board consists primarily of Government Relations professionals, and lawyers specializing in Government Regulation practices, representing such companies as American Airlines, American Bridge, American Values Network, Arent Fox, Aspen Institute, Association of American Publishers, Capital Concerts Inc., Coca-Cola Company, Covidien, Eleison LLC, Escambia Enterprises, Federal City Council, Fluor Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors, Goldman Sachs Group, Jewish Funds for Justice, Lightbridge Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Moore Consulting, National Association of Broadcasters, National Democratic Institute, Regions Financial, The First Group, The Memorial Foundation, TwinLogic Strategies, United Health Group, and Williams & Jensen, and others.

Programs and activities
Activities within these three broad areas include reflection groups, retreats, pilgrimages, and public forums.  The weekly reflection groups and occasional retreats are important opportunities seek to provide opportunities for members of Congress and other political leaders who work in the "fast-paced and charged atmosphere of Washington, D.C., to "connect their role with their greater calling as human beings." The public forums include lectures by well-known speakers "whose lives reflect moral courage in the political arena;" past speakers include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Thich Nhat Hanh, authors and thought leaders Bryan Stevenson, JD Vance, Sam Quinones, Arthur Brooks, and jon a. powell.  The pilgrimages allow men and women from both houses of congress, along with staff members and special guests, to take part in trips that provide information, inspiration, and opportunities for reflection on the lessons to be learned from past struggles, such as the civil rights movement. The annual pilgrimage to Montgomery and Selma Alabama that includes a walk over the famous Edmund Pettus Bridge is an event led by Representative John Lewis, an early civil rights leader.  Other special activities include:
The Lewis-Houghton Leadership Awards: recognizing leaders "who have exhibited qualities of conscience, courage and compassion in their roles as public servants."
 United States-South Africa Faith and Politics Initiative: In May 2003, The Faith & Politics Institute provided program conceptualization, planning, and coordination for the Congressional visit (CODEL) to South Africa, led by Reps. Houghton and Lewis. This visit provided an opportunity to compare lessons learned from America's civil rights movement and South Africa's fight against apartheid, and established links for future dialogue.
 Saint Joseph's Day Breakfast: an annual breakfast program, including a speaker and awards ceremony, on Saint Joseph's Day. Because Saint Joseph is recognized by many as the patron saint of the worker, the Institute's St. Joseph's Day breakfast was founded "to raise awareness of the spiritual and moral issues that affect economic life in America."
 The Congressional Reception: Every other year, this reception acknowledges both those who have supported the Institute's efforts and those who have been inspired by its programs.

The Faith & Politics Institute just concluded its annual Congressional Pilgrimage to Alabama that was focused on Art, Architecture, Story & Song, featuring a visit to Montgomery's new Memorial for Peace and Justice and Legacy Museum. The Institute brought together over 40 of Senators and Members of Congress in a bipartisan fashion to reflect on the Civil Rights struggle of the past.  For the 50th Anniversary of "Bloody Sunday," there were about 90 lawmakers in attendance during the 3-day weekend including addresses and appearances by former President George W. Bush and President Obama in Selma, Alabama.

Partnerships
Through partnership efforts with other organizations, the Institute extends its reach by co-sponsoring special events that its basic missions. Some groups, like the Fetzer Institute, partnered with the Institute to support a wide variety of its programs, while others focus on specific events, including:
Congressional Conversations on Race: co-sponsored with Search for Common Ground, and founded on a belief in the need for the nation's leaders to recognize the spiritual nature of our nation's historic racial wounds, and work together toward healing.
Civil Rights Heroes: Buried but not forgotten: in partnership with Sewall-Belmont House, the District of Columbia, GLAAD, and the National Park Service, honored women and men buried in the Congressional Cemetery, who played key roles in advancing justice and equality for all. One of the men honored was Leonard Matlovich a Vietnam war veteran Tech Sergeant, who had spoken out against discrimination against gay and lesbian service personnel.
Muslims in America: The Faith & Politics Institute, along with the Newseum's Religious Freedom Education Project and Wesley Theological Seminary, hosted evening of storytelling and honest dialogue what it means to be Muslim-American in our contemporary context.

References

External links
Video: closing of F&P presentation by Fr. Cletus Kiley
Remarks by Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi at a F&P reception honoring Representative John Lewis of Georgia
Video: 2010 Civil Rights Pilgrimage to Montgomery and Selma Alabama, led by John Lewis

Category:1991 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Category:Peace and conflict studies
Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Category:Nonviolence organizations based in the United States
Category:Religious organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Category:Interfaith organizations
Category:Spiritual organizations
Category:Political organizations established in 1991


Vasily Smirnov (writer)

Vasily Alexandrovich Smirnov (; born December 31, 1904 O.S./January 13, 1905 N.S. in the village of Sinitsyno; died 1979) was a Russian/Soviet writer.

Having published his first work in 1924, Smirnov became a member of the CPSU in 1925.  In 1960–1965, he was the editor-in-chief of the Druzhba Narodov magazine.

Category:1905 births
Category:1979 deaths
Category:People from Myshkinsky District
Category:Russian writers
Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members


Burkeville

Burkeville can refer to:

Burkeville, California
Burkeville, Texas
Burkeville, Virginia
Burkeville, British Columbia


Mu Telescopii

Mu Telescopii (μ Telescopii) is a yellow-white hued star in the southern constellation of Telescopium. With an apparent visual magnitude of +6.30, it is near the limit of stars that can be viewed with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.18 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 162 light years from the Sun.

This is an F-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of F5 V. It is chromospherically active. The star is about 2.3 billion years old with 1.3 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating three times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,542 K.

References

Category:F-type main-sequence stars
Telescopii, Mu
Category:Telescopium (constellation)
Category:Durchmusterung objects
183028
095932
7393


Status conference

A status conference is a court-ordered meeting with a judge (or under some circumstances an authorized counsel) where they decide the date of the trial or to get updated information on a defendant for ongoing conditions, set forth previously by the courts such as house arrest or home monitoring.

If a party does not attend the status conference, that party's requests for scheduling changes will be ignored. If the plaintiff and/or a representative of plaintiff does not attend the status conference, the action may be dismissed.

Category:Civil procedure


Shannon C. Stimson

Shannon C. Stimson (born October 8, 1951) is an American political theorist and historian of ideas, whose more recent work and teaching spans the economic and political thought of the early modern period through the nineteenth century.  She is the Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Chair in the Government department at Georgetown University. Her academic posts have included appointments at Harvard University (1984-1991), UC Berkeley (1991-2014), the Fulbright Professorship in the United Kingdom, the Christensen Fellowship of St. Catherine's College, Oxford, the John K. Castle Chair in Ethics, Politics and Economics at Yale University and she has been a Distinguished Academic Visitor at Queens' College, Cambridge on two occasions. Her research has been supported through fellowships from the Mellon Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Association of University Women, as well as by several prize fellowships. Her articles have appeared in numerous edited volumes, journals of political thought, economics, the history of economic thought, and political science in America and Europe. She has served on the editorial boards of the American Political Science Review, the Adam Smith Review, and the Journal of Politics.

Research
Stimson's early work focused on the intersection of legal, constitutional, and revolutionary thought in 17th and 18th century Anglo-America.  Her work focused on the study of both English and colonial juries in revolutionary periods and introduced to political theory the concept of "judicial space" as an incisive tool for organizing, interpreting, and evaluating various strands of English and American political thought, and for challenging the assumption of a basic unity of vision at the roots of Anglo-American jurisprudence.  She introduced the judicial space concept to political theory in order to account for the development of the highly political role of the new Supreme Court in late 18th-century and early 19th-century American political thought, a judicial body having no clear, previous counterpart in English jurisprudence.

Stimson's work in the history and theory of political economy has focused on the intersection and mutual interplay of economic and political theorizing and debate in the writing of the classical political economists after Adam Smith.  This work, undertaken together with Cambridge economist Murray Milgate, has emphasized one set of conceptual transformations in politics and political economy that took place during a part of what has been called the classical period of political economy, and directly challenged the casual association of Smith's name and ideological imprimatur with contemporary neoclassical and neoconservative economic arguments for the reestablishment of an "invisible hand" as the prime regulator of complex national and globalized markets, as well as the unsubstantiated belief in a putatively Smithian inspired version of perfect competition to promote efficiency in the allocation of resources such that all would be fully utilized to the greatest social and individual benefit. The importance of her work on this topic has been recognized in 2011 with its receipt of the David and Elaine Spitz Prize from the International Conference for the Study of Political Thought. This international award, honoring the best book in liberal and/or democratic theory published in the previous two years, has in the past honored as well the work of political thinkers and philosophers such as John Rawls, Sheldon Wolin, Martha Nussbaum, Robert Dahl, and Joseph Raz.

Selected bibliography

Books

Reprinted in 2014 as:

Chapters in books

  (Proposed.)
  (Proposed.)

Edited volumes

Reviewed in

Journal articles

Book reviews

References

External links

Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:American political philosophers
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:Harvard University faculty
Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty


Large-eared Oldfield mouse

The large-eared Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys macrotis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is known only from a single locality in the Andes in north central Peru (which includes Rio Abiseo National Park), in montane forest at an elevation of 3300 m. It has terrestrial habits and is sympatric with T. apeco.

References

Category:Mammals of Peru
Category:Thomasomys
Category:Mammals described in 1993


Oleško

Oleško is a village and municipality (obec) in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.

The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 98 (as at 31 December 2007).

Oleško lies approximately  south-east of Litoměřice,  south-east of Ústí nad Labem, and  north of Prague.

References
Czech Statistical Office: Municipalities of Litoměřice District

Category:Villages in Litoměřice District


Obsessive Love (film)

Obsessive Love is a 1984 TV movie starring Yvette Mimieux, who co wrote the story and produced the film as well.

Cast
Yvette Mimieux
Simon MacCorkindale

Production
"There are few enough films going these days," she said, "and there are three or four women who are offered all the good parts. Of course I could play a lot of awful parts that are too depressing to contemplate.... [Television] is s not the love affair I have with film, but television can be a playground for interesting ideas. I love wild, baroque, slightly excessive theatrical ideas, and because television needs so much material, there's a chance to get some of those odd ideas done."

The film was the idea of Mimieux's. She based it on John Hinckley and thought it would be interesting if the sexes were reversed.

Mimieux said the network "felt people wouldn't believe me as this woman. They said to me, 'She's a loner, and she shouldn't be attractive.' I asked them, 'Are you saying that only unattractive people can be crazy or lonely or have unfulfilled lives?'" She also pushed against over explaining her character's condition. "I prefer simply looking at the character, following her, seeing her intensity, her passion, her single-mindedness and her intelligence. To do a thumbnail psychological sketch was not what I wanted. That's the kind of thing they love to do on television so everybody understands everything, but in life we don't always understand everything. Even an analyst may not understand the person after years of analysis."

References

External links
Obsessive Love at IMDb

Category:1984 films


Raghunathpur, Mahottari

Raghunathpur, Mahottari  is a village development committee in Mahottari District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4079 people living in 743 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mahottari District

Category:Populated places in Mahottari District


Fuel fraction

In aerospace engineering, an aircraft's fuel fraction, fuel weight fraction, or a spacecraft's propellant fraction, is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided by the gross take-off weight of the craft (including propellant):

The fractional result of this mathematical division is often expressed as a percent. For aircraft with external drop tanks, the term internal fuel fraction is used to exclude the weight of external tanks and fuel.

Fuel fraction is a key parameter in determining an aircraft's range, the distance it can fly without refueling.
Breguet’s aircraft range equation describes the relationship of range with airspeed, lift-to-drag ratio, specific fuel consumption, and the part of the total fuel fraction available for cruise, also known as the cruise fuel fraction, or  cruise fuel weight fraction.

Fighter aircraft

At today’s state of the art for jet fighter aircraft, fuel fractions of 29 percent and below typically yield subcruisers; 33 percent provides a quasi–supercruiser; and 35 percent and above are needed for useful supercruising missions. The U.S. F-22 Raptor’s fuel fraction is 29 percent, Eurofighter is 31 percent, both similar to those of the subcruising F-4 Phantom II, F-15 Eagle and the Russian Mikoyan MiG-29 "Fulcrum". The Russian supersonic interceptor, the Mikoyan MiG-31 "Foxhound", has a fuel fraction of over 45 percent. The Panavia Tornado had a relatively low internal fuel fraction of 26 percent, and frequently carried drop tanks.

Airliners

Airliners have a fuel fraction of less than half their takeoff weight, between 26% for medium-haul to 45% for long-haul:

The Concorde supersonic transport had a fuel fraction of %.

General aviation

The Rutan Voyager took off on its 1986 around-the-world flight at 72 percent, the highest figure ever at the time. Steve Fossett's Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer could attain a fuel fraction of nearly 85 percent, meaning that it carried more than five times its empty weight in fuel.

See also
Mass ratio

References

Category:Aerospace engineering


Sarh (crater)

Sarh is an impact crater in the southeasternmost area of the Argyre quadrangle on Mars at 64.85 S and 14.85° W. It is 50.27 km in diameter. Its name refers to Sarh, a city in Chad.

Image

See also
 List of craters on Mars

References

Category:Argyre quadrangle
Category:Impact craters on Mars


Naiad Einsel

Naiad June Einsel (June 6, 1927 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – April 3, 2016 in Westport, Connecticut) was an American commercial illustrator and artist. Over the course of her career, Einsel completed artwork for magazines, newspapers, and brands. Einsel, along with husband Walter, was inducted into the Society of Illustrators' Hall of Fame in 2008.

Biography
Einsel was born Naiad June Giblan in Philadelphia, PA in 1927. Her father owned a grocery store, where she would draw on the brown wrapping paper. She attended the High School of Music and Art in New York City, going on to attend, and graduate from Pratt Institute in 1947. In 1952 Einsel met her future husband, Walter Einsel, when he came to CBS seeking employment, and in 1953 they married. Their similar illustration styles allowed them to work collaboratively. In the mid-1960s, the Einsels moved from their town house in New York City to an 1853 Victorian home in Westport, CT. In Westport, Einsel became active in the Westport Historical Society and other local causes, including the Save Cockenoe campaign for which she designed a poster.

Career
Upon graduation from Pratt, she remained in New York City and attained a position as an assistant in the promotions department of Seventeen magazine. Her staff work at Seventeen attracted the attention of advertisers, and she began to take on freelance assignments on her nights and weekends. After a year at Seventeen, Einsel left to become an assistant to graphic designer Paul Rand at the Weintraub Agency.  In 1949 her work was included in The 28th Annual Exhibition of Advertising and Editorial Art of the New York Art Directors Club at the Museum of Modern Art. After three years of working for Rand, Einsel began a job as an art director in the promotions department of CBS. While at CBS she frequently collaborated with art director Lou Dorfsman. During this period her illustration work began appearing regularly in the New York Times, and she continued to take on freelance work in addition to her duties at CBS. By the close of the 1950s, Einsel was working full-time as a freelance illustrator.

For the next three decades, Einsel continued to create artwork for a variety of clients. A partial list of magazine clients includes: Redbook, Esquire, Collier's, Look, Good Housekeeping, The Ladies' Home Journal, Woman's Day, Family Circle, Cosmopolitan, The New York Times, Travel & Leisure, Food & Wine, and Smithsonian magazine. Over the course of her career she designed album covers, movie posters, and TV commercials. Her advertising clients include M&M, Xerox, Procter & Gamble, Dubonnet and Chase Manhattan. Naiad has also illustrated books for Doubleday, Macmillan, Random House, Harcourt Brace & Jovanovich, Clarkson Potter, Reader's Digest, and Workman Press. She also designed a line of towels for Fieldcrest, dishes, ornaments, and crystal for Dansk, and games for Colorforms.

In 1973, Einsel and her husband created stamps for the U.S. Postal Service commemorating "Progress in Electronics". In 1981 she designed a second stamp for the U.S.P.S., this time a holiday stamp featuring a teddy bear on a sleigh.

Other work
For 46 years Naiad and Walter Einsel created elaborate Valentines for one another. This project was the catalyst for a large portion of her work. Her illustrations, rubber stamp collages and other assemblages were collected in the 2008 book Art from the Heart. From 1974 to 1976, Einsel designed and oversaw the production of the Westport Bicentennial Quilt. The 76" by 104" quilt project involved 33 women, and took over two years to complete.

In 1996, Naiad and Walter were involved in the interior design and restoration of a seven-sided barn at the Westport Historical Society.

Books
 The Adventures of Pinocchio (1963, Macmillan) by: C. Collodi with illustrations by Naiad Einsel
 Know Your Toes (And Other Things to Know) (1963, C.N. Potter, 1963.) by: William North Jayme and Roderick Cook designed and illustrated by Naiad Einsel and Walter Einsel
 ShrinkLits (1970, DoubleDay) by Maurice Sagoff with illustrations by Naiad Einsel

References

Category:1927 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:American illustrators
Category:Artists from Connecticut
Category:The High School of Music & Art alumni
Category:Pratt Institute alumni


Proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole+ and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water, and fecal matter.  It is grouped with the Morganellaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. It is known to cause wound infections and other species of its genera are known to cause urinary tract infections.

The term Proteus signifies changeability of form, as personified in the Homeric poems in Proteus, "the old man of the sea", who tends the sealflocks of Poseidon and has the gift of endless transformation.  The first use of the term “Proteus” in bacteriological nomenclature was made by Hauser (1885), who described under this term three types of organisms which he isolated from putrefied meat.  One of the three species Hauser identified was Proteus vulgaris, so this organism has a long history in microbiology.

Over the past two decades, the genus Proteus, and in particular P. vulgaris, has undergone a number of major taxonomic revisions.  In 1982, P. vulgaris was separated into three biogroups on the basis of indole production.  Biogroup one was indole negative and represented a new species, P. penneri, while biogroups two and three remained together as P. vulgaris.

Lab identification

According to laboratory fermentation tests, P. vulgaris  ferments glucose and amygdalin, but does not ferment mannitol or lactose.  P. vulgaris also tests positive for the methyl red (mixed acid fermentation) test and is also an extremely motile organism.

When P. vulgaris is tested using the API 20E identification system it produces positive results for sulfur reduction, urease production, tryptophan deaminase production, indole production, sometimes positive gelatinase activity, and saccharose fermentation, and negative results for the remainder of the tests on the testing strip.

It is referenced in the Analytical Profile Index using the nine-digit code: 047602157.

The optimal growing conditions of this organism is in a facultative anaerobic environment with an average temperature of about 40 °C.

The Becton/Dickinson BBL Enterotube II  system for identification of members of the order Enterobacterales inoculated with P. vulgaris may yield the following results:
Positive for glucose fermentation (with gas production)
Negative for lysine and ornithine
Positive for hydrogen sulfide production and indole production
Negative for lactose, arabinose, adonitol, sorbitol and dulcitol
Positive for the phenylalanine test and the Harnstoff urea test
P. vulgaris can test positive or negative for citrate.  All combine for a Biocode ID of 31406, (Biocode ID 31402, 31404, 31407 all resulting in P. vulgaris with asymptomatic results) for use in the Interpretation Guide/Computer Coding and Identification System. P. vulgaris can also test urease negative in solid media (such as in Enterotube), but will be urease positive in liquid media. The CCIS code will still identify it with a negative urease test. When inoculated in a gelatin stab test, P. vulgaris is capable of hydrolysis of gelatin.

Proteus infections

Cause and epidemiology
Nosocomial infections
P. mirabilis causes 90% of Proteus infections.
P. vulgaris and P. penneri are easily isolated from individuals in long-term care facilities and hospitals and from patients with underlying diseases or compromised immune systems.
Patients with recurrent infections, those with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, those who have had urethral instrumentation, and those whose infections were acquired in the hospital have an increased frequency of infection caused by Proteus and other organisms (e.g., Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, enterococci, and staphylococci).
P. vulgaris is highly resistant to antibiotics because of the plasmids present in the bacterium, making infections extremely difficult to cure. This is because the plasmids have varied drug resistant markers on them.

Clinical expression
Enterobacterales (of which Proteus is a member) and Pseudomonas species are the micro-organisms most commonly responsible for Gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis.

The presence of the sepsis syndrome associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) should raise the possibility of urinary tract obstruction. This is especially true of patients who reside in long-term care facilities, who have long-term indwelling urethral catheters, or who have a known history of urethral anatomic abnormalities.

UTI obstruction
Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds, which leads to struvite stone formation. Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite.  Struvite stone formation can be sustained only when ammonia production is increased and the urine pH is elevated to decrease the solubility of phosphate. Both of these requirements can occur only when urine is infected with a urease-producing organism such as Proteus. Urease metabolizes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide: urea 2 NH3 + CO2. The ammonia/ammonium buffer pair has a pK of 9.0, resulting in the combination of highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine.

Symptoms attributable to struvite stones are uncommon. More often, women present with UTI, flank pain, or hematuria, and are found to have a persistently alkaline urine pH (>7.0).

Treatments
Antibiotics to which P. vulgaris is known to be sensitive:

Ciprofloxacin
Ceftazidime
Netilmicin
Sulbactam or cefoperazone
Meropenem
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Ampicillin/sulbactam

See also
 Proteus OX19
 Swarming motility

References

“Proteus Vulgaris.” Thistle, Thistle.co, www.thistle.co.za/pdf_files/education/microbiology/microbiology_legends/Cycle_41/Cycle%2041%20Organism%203%20-%20Proteus%20Vulgaris.pdf.

External links
Type strain of Proteus vulgaris at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Category:Bacteria described in 1885


1382 Dover Straits earthquake

The 1382 Dover Straits earthquake occurred at 15:00 on 21 May. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.0  and a maximum felt intensity of VII-VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale. Based on contemporary reports of damage, the epicentre is thought to have been in the Straits of Dover. The earthquake caused widespread damage in south-eastern England and in the Low Countries. The earthquake interrupted a synod convened in part to examine the religious writings of John Wycliffe, which became known as the Earthquake Synod.

Geology
The geological structure of the eastern part of the English Channel is dominated by the WNW-ESE trending boundary between rocks deformed by the Variscan orogeny and the more stable London-Brabant Massif, known as the Northern Variscan Thrust Front. The London-Brabant Massif has been the proposed location for several historical earthquakes, including the event in 1382.

Earthquake
The magnitude for this event has been estimated using the distribution of felt intensities. Musson in 2008 gave a magnitude of 5.8 , while Camelbeek et al. 2007 gave 6.0 .

The epicentral location has also been estimated from the distribution of felt intensities. A location in the middle of the Dover Straits, somewhat to the north-east of the similar 1580 Dover Straits earthquake is preferred.

There were significant aftershocks on 23 May and on 24 May, the latter being the strongest recorded. The 24 May aftershock was also described as a "waterquake" affecting anchored ships.

Damage
In England, the most severe damage was recorded in Canterbury, particularly to St Augustine's Abbey and Christ Church, Canterbury, where the bell-tower was destroyed. The manor house and church at Hollingbourne, Kent were also badly damaged. This has been used to estimate intensity in the range VII-VIII. In London there was damage to St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey with an estimated intensity of VI–VII.

In the Low Countries damage was reported from Ypres, Bruges, Liege and Ghent.

There is no record of casualties associated with this event.

Earthquake synod

William Courtenay, the Archbishop of Canterbury convened a synod that met in Blackfriars, in London on the day of the earthquake. The synod was intended to consider the challenges to the church by the group of thinkers that became known as the Lollards, particularly the writings of John Wycliffe. During the deliberations the monastery was shaken by the earthquake, but Courtenay turned it to his advantage saying: The court found ten of Wycliffe's propositions to be heretical and another six erroneous, allowing Lollards to be prosecuted and executed.

References

Category:1382 in England
Category:Earthquakes in the United Kingdom
Category:14th-century earthquakes


Frequent deliveries

Frequent deliveries are a largely ignored but powerful way of leveling apparent demand within a supply chain and thereby reducing Mura. What is perhaps not so obvious is that this will reduce inventory levels and thereby assist progress along the Lean journey at the same time. The historical focus upon carrying full loads, sometimes of only one product, reduces the unit cost of transport but has sometimes hidden the true costs associated with achieving those transport discounts. It is also possible to gain some of these benefits by 'faking' frequent deliveries at the supply site.

Principles

Reducing production lot size and raising delivery frequency

If we{who?|date=January 2019]} model this idea using a factory that produces three products (Triangles, Circles and Squares) and is making a regular daily delivery to its customer at the end of each day then we can represent this as below.

Stock builds up during the day until the factory has completed the production campaign of three products each of which is produced in a lot of four. After each lot of four a line-changeover happens, there are in fact three as we must include the one before the first production lot. Stock builds here to a maximum of twelve units. If the number of changeovers were doubled to six then the stock levels would remain the same same all the stock is still on site until the shipment.

The customer is receiving a mix of products that it is likely that they consume (or their in-stock equivalent) during, say, the next day. If the customer consumes the provided products during the day then their stock level will decrease by twelve over the day.

So if the customer will agree to receive half the daily shipment of each product halfway through the day and the second half at the original time of end of day and we reduce lot sizes by a factor of two the factory schedule would look like this.

We now see that the benefits of the lot size reduction in the stock levels, both at the customer and at the supplying factory. Stock at both locations has been reduced by six. A possible downside for the factory is that it now has twice the changeovers (See Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED)).

If we take this to the extreme where the factory now has a changeover after every unit of production (single piece flow) and where shipments occur after every campaign (every product has been made) then the factory has this situation.

Now stock levels, again at the customer and supplier, are down to three from twelve. To achieve this cost effectively the changeovers must be very quick.

Just raising delivery frequency

So starting from the same original situation.

The factory chooses to just make the deliveries more frequent but not change production lot size, and to keep some extra stock so that deliveries can be exactly as in the model where lot sizes were changed as well.

Here, although an extra stock of two is constantly being held it can be seen that the deliveries still reduce the holding by six giving a net benefit of four at the factory and six at the customer. This is without changing the production schedule.

If, again, this is taken to the extreme where deliveries are going to be made of one unit of each product and stock keeping adjusted to make this possible then this situation is seen.

Here, although an extra stock of three is constantly being held it can be seen that the deliveries still reduce the holding by nine giving a net benefit of six at the factory and nine at the customer. This is still without changing the production schedule.

Summary

So from this example it can be seen that just increasing delivery frequency reduces the stock held in the system. This is no surprise to those in the context of station to station within a factory. It does seem to surprise many when used in the context of supplier to customer. The summary of this argument is in the table below.

Implementation

So now the question is how to achieve this more frequent delivery. Well in fact many of the benefits within the factory can be achieved by 'faking' frequent deliveries while discussions with the customer about actual delivery frequencies takes place.

Faking frequent deliveries

The removal of items in the factory from the 'manufacturing system' will trigger the resupply that we wish to smooth via kanban or other signals. The frequent deliveries will provide a smoother sequence of smaller resupply signals. So by 'faking it' what is meant is that the actual delivery schedule will be de-coupled from the resupply triggers in the factory.

This can be done by marking a position on the floor, say a rectangular outline of perhaps the same size as the truck, in the loading bay and designating it to be a specific planned delivery or part of one. Let's call that outline a 'virtual truck'. Clearly if all the items for the delivery were now loaded into the virtual truck then the impact on demand signals into the factory would be the same as a real truck load. The secret here is to schedule a steady flow of items from the factory into the virtual truck so that demand appears as flat as possible. Obviously this may seem like 'smoke and mirrors' since the goods are still actually in the loading bay. The importance is that demand and supply are now decoupled. So whilst a real truck can still be loaded at the required speed, from the virtual truck, the signals for resupply passing via kanbans etc. back into the factory have created a smooth demand. This method can also be used to give early warning to the factory that it is falling behind the required schedule if it is to have all goods ready for shipment when the real truck arrives.

The downside of this trick is that there are now two movements of the goods, one to the virtual truck and one from it to the real truck.

Actual frequent deliveries

Since these need to meet agreement with the customer these will be less flexible than the 'virtual truck's' unless they are part of an internal process. Between 1982 and 1990 Toyota reorganised its service and crash parts business and as part of that it established Local Distribution Centres (LDCs) in each metropolitan centre. It also encouraged dealers to work intensively with customers so that maintenance was scheduled sufficiently in advance that parts requirements could be precisely predicted.

Because the LDCs are so close to the dealers it was possible to establish a 'milk run' which visited every dealer every two hours. So when the service is booked a preliminary order is prepared for the required parts. The day before the scheduled service the customer is called to confirm the service and then a firm order to the LDC is placed for delivery on the next 'milk run'. Finally, when the car arrives for its service it is inspected and any other required parts ordered for delivery with 2–4 hours (the next run). This has resulted in very significant stock reductions throughout the system as the table below illustrates.

References

Category:Lean manufacturing


Ken Hubbs

Kenneth Douglass Hubbs (December 23, 1941 – February 13, 1964) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Chicago Cubs from  to . At 20 years of age, Hubbs was named the 1962 NL Rookie of the Year and became the first rookie in baseball history to win a Gold Glove Award. Hubbs was killed at age 22 when the private plane he was piloting crashed near Provo, Utah prior to the 1964 season.

In his short big-league career he was an excellent fielder, already earning a Gold Glove Award; assessments of his hitting were more mixed, as he was still developing as a hitter. In , becoming the first rookie in baseball history to win a Gold Glove Award, Hubbs set several fielding records and convincingly won the 1962 National League Rookie of the Year Award. At the time of his death, Hubbs was among the best defensive second basemen in the game.

Early life
Hubbs was born in Riverside, California on December 23, 1941, the son of Eulis and Dorothy Hubbs. The family resided in nearby Colton, California. Ken was the second oldest of five boys, raised with brothers Keith, Gary, and twins Kirk and Kraig.

When he was a few months old, in the spring of 1942, Ken suffered a ruptured hernia. He wore a truss for five years until the hernia healed in kindergarten. A doctor had told the family that Ken “ will never be able to do things other kids can do in sports.”

Ken's father contracted polio when Ken was around nine and became dependent on a wheelchair. After he was stricken, Ken's father left the railroad industry and began a successful career in insurance.

Hubbs played in the 1954 Little League World Series, as his Colton little league team advanced and represented California. California the beat Virginia in the first round and Illinois in the second. In the final game of the Series, the team from Schenectady, New York beat California 5-3.
Two future big league players played on the Schenectady team: Jim Barbieri and Billy Connors. Connors and Hubbs would become minor league teammates. Highlights of Hubbs playing defense at shortstop were captured on film. The video includes a play where Hubbs ran from the shortstop position to back up the second baseman and caught a bloop fly into short right field. Hubbs had stepped in a hole during a picnic, just before Colton's trip to the Little League World Series, breaking his toe. But, he played in the entire tournament with the toe, hobbling around the bases when he hit a home run.

High School career

At Colton High school, Hubbs was a four sport athlete. He excelled in three sports, baseball, basketball and football at a national level and also competed in track as a high jumper. Honored by the California Interscholastic Federation in all three sports, Hubbs was an All-Southern Section for two years in football, basketball and baseball, an achievement matched at the time, 1959, by only three others: Glenn Davis, Bill McColl and Marty Keough.

A gifted athlete, Hubbs could pitch with either arm and at 6'2", could stand flat-footed under a basket, jump and dunk a basketball behind his head with both hands. In 1958-1959, he was a high school All-American in two sports, football (quarterback) and basketball. He was recruited by the University of Notre Dame to play quarterback and offered a scholarship by UCLA's John Wooden to play basketball.

In 1958, in a well publicized basketball game at Long Beach City College against Santa Maria High School, Hubbs made a half-court shot to end the first half. He followed up by scoring five points in the last 23 seconds of regulation, including a jumper at the buzzer to send the game into overtime, scoring 23 points in a Colton 53-49 win.

After breaking his foot before a football game, Hubbs put his foot with a cast inside a size-14 shoe and played that Friday night.

"Ken was undoubtedly the best football player I ever coached,' said Coach Joe Lash his football coach at Colton High School. His basketball coach, Tom Morrow, said, "Kenny Hubbs was the best all-around basketball player I ever saw for a boy his age."

After high school graduation in 1959, Ken was weighing attending college at either the University of Southern California or Brigham Young University. However, Cubs scout Gene Handley signed Hubbs to a contract that came with a $50,000 signing bonus.

Baseball career

Minor leagues
Hubbs signed as an amateur free agent with the Chicago Cubs prior to the 1959 season.

In 1959, Hubbs played in Morristown, Tennessee for the Morristown Cubs of the Class D Appalachian League. Playing outfield and shortstop in the all-rookie competition, Hubbs appeared in 59 games, had 198 at-bats and a batting average of .298. His 50 runs batted in and 8 home runs were enough to earn a nomination for player of the year in the Appalachian League.

On July 18, 1959, he led Morristown to a 20-0 victory over the first place Salem Pirates.  Hubbs hit 2 home runs and a double and scored 5 runs. Morristown continued the offensive barrage 5 days later against Wytheville. Hubbs started a 7 run first inning with a home run, and his team won the slugfest, 9-7.

Organized baseball initiated a player draft in 1959, in an attempt to cut down on large signing bonuses given to young players. The Cubs' AAA club in Ft. Worth recalled Hubbs in October and then purchased his contract outright in November. The end result of this maneuvering was to protect Hubbs from being drafted by another club. This was a sign that the Cubs clearly expected Hubbs to make the major league team in the near future. When Hubbs was promoted to the Class AAA Fort Worth Cats of the American Association to conclude the 1959 season, he appeared in nine games, with two hits in nine at bats.

Hubbs went to the Cubs' rookie camp for spring training in 1960 as a shortstop/outfielder, however with Ernie Banks established at shortstop, Hubbs moved to 2nd base in 1961.

In 1960, Hubbs began the season with the Class A Lancaster Red Roses of the Eastern League, where he hit .216 with 6 home runs and 47 RBI in 97 games and 366 at bats playing under Manager Phil Cavarretta. He finished 1960, playing 38 games with the Class AA San Antonio Missions of the Texas League, hitting .220 with one home run and 9 RBI.

Coach Bobby Adams was instrumental in Hubbs transition to second base. “He had me work on the pivot 100 times a day. I was doing it in my sleep.” Hubbs said of Adams. “Every day, Lou Klein and Bobby Adams would have me out there practicing the double play, thousands of times, I was almost ready to quit and go home. I don’t know what kept me going, but I’m glad I didn’t quit. I’ve decided this is where I want to be.”

Hubbs played in  1961 for the Class AA Wenatchee Chiefs of the Northwest League. With Wenatchee, Hubbs played 138 games, hitting .286 with nine home runs and 68 RBI, along with 20 doubles, six triples and nine stolen bases. Hubbs was then called up to the Chicago Cubs in September, 1961. Hubbs also committed only eight errors all season.

Major league career

During the 1961 season, the Cubs played both Don Zimmer and Jerry Kindall at second base. Zimmer made the National League All-Star team that year, and hit .252, while Kindall hit.242. Hubbs made his major league debut on September 10, 1961  against the Philadelphia Phillies, with three at-bats, two hits and one run batted in in a 12-5 Cub loss. Outfielder Lou Brock also made his debut that day for the Cubs. Overall, Hubbs played in ten games in September 1961, with five hits in 26 at-bats and one home run, at age 19.

Prior to the 1962 season, the expansion New York Mets drafted Don Zimmer in the 1961 expansion draft and the Cubs sibsequently traded Kindall. Their departures opened toe door for the 20 year old Hubbs to become the starting second baseman for the eventual ninth-place Cubbs in .

Hubbs would play in 160 games in 1962 hitting .260, with 172 hits with five home runs and 49 runs batted in. He led all National League rookies in games, hits, doubles, triples, runs and batting average.

On April 17, 1962, Hubbs went 5-for-5 with two runs scored against the Pittsburgh Pirates in a game Pittsburgh won, 10-6.  “Better learn how to pitch to this boy, he’ll be around a long time,” said Pirates hall of fame manager Danny Murtaugh.

Hubbs was named the 1962 Rookie of the Year, earning 19 out of 20 votes from the Baseball Writers Association of America. He was also named the Rookie of the year by The Sporting News, receiving 120 votes. He became the second consecutive Cubs player to win the award. as his Cubs teammate and future hall of famer Billy Williams had won the award in 1961. Pete Rose would win the award in 1963. No other Cub had since won the award until Jerome Walton in .

In the field, Hubbs was outstanding. As a rookie, he set major league records with 78 consecutive games and 418 total chances without an error, breaking Bobby Doerr's Major League Baseball major league records in both categories. In post season awards, Hubbs became the first rookie ever to win a Gold Glove Award. He also led the league in two less desirable categories that season by striking out 129 times and grounding into 20 double plays. On September 30, he started a triple play in the final game of the season against the Mets. His glove from 1962 is on display at the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Partway through the 1962 season, Cubs owner Philip Wrigley had called Hubbs into his office, tore up his existing contract and doubled his salary.

Hubbs was well liked by his teammates, who included future hall of famers Williams, Banks, Ron Santo and Lou Brock. Ernie Banks remembered, "Lots of young players do something special and you can't talk to them any more. Not Ken. One day, he got seven hits in a doubleheader. Pretty good for a rookie. But he didn't talk or act any differently than when he didn't get a hit." He was known for his faith. Reporters often noted that he did not smoke or drink alcohol, and that he attended church services while on the road with the team. With Hubbs's encouragement, teammate and future Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Ron Santo quit smoking.

“He was a Mormon, deeply religious, never swore, never drank, played hard, played the game,” reflected Santo. “He was talented. You knew this guy was going to be great. He would always go out with us. He wouldn’t drink, but he’d have as much fun as we did.”

In  Hubbs played in 155 games and batted .235 with eight home runs and 47 runs batted in and his superior fielding helped the Cubs finish over .500 at 82-80.

Death
Hubbs had a fear of flying. He decided to challenge this fear head-on by taking flying lessons in the winter between 1963 and 1964. Hubbs then received his pilot's license in January 1964. On February 12, Hubbs flew from California to Provo, Utah with his friend Denny Doyle to surprise Doyle's wife, who had recently given birth to the couple's child. That night, Hubbs played in a charity basketball game sponsored by Brigham Young University.

A snow storm developed in the Utah Valley the morning of February 13. Hubbs thought he could beat the storm and decided to attempt the return flight. He and Doyle took off in a red and white Cessna 172 from Provo Airport, which sits on the edge of Utah Lake. He hadn't filed a flight plan but just told airport staff that the pair were heading for Morrow Field near Colton, California. Euliss Hubbs, Ken's father, called to report that they had not arrived in Colton by Friday the 14th. A search began Saturday morning in areas of Utah, Nevada and California along a route the pair might have taken.

Utah's civil aeronautics director, Harlon Bement, noted there had been no record of radio contact with Hubbs after takeoff, adding, "This means the plane could be fairly close [by]." Rescuers found the wreckage a quarter mile south of Bird Island in Utah Lake. Both Hubbs and Doyle died in the crash. The air temperature was estimated as -1 °F, and it had been snowing heavily.

Hubbs's funeral was held several days later in his hometown of Colton. Services were held in the Colton High School Whitmer Auditorium because of the huge crowd that wanted to view Hubbs's casket. At the funeral, the automobile procession to his burial was two miles long. Fellow Cubs Ron Santo, Ernie Banks, Glen Hobbie and Don Elston were among the pallbearers. He was buried at Montecito Memorial Park, in Colton.

Ron Santo had visited his friend and teammate in California two days before the crash and had gone up in Hubbs' plane during the visit. After parting, Santo went to his home in Seattle, while Hobbs headed to Provo. Santo recalled Hubbs telling him “When I get up there, Ron, and I fly, it’s like being next to God. It’s like I’m next to God.”

Ernie Banks said of Hubbs' death, “Any athlete who ever played with Hubbs will dedicate the rest of his career to Ken because he was the zenith in inspiration and enthusiasm as well as desire and determination.”

Jim Murray of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Kenneth Douglass Hubbs was more than just another baseball player. He was the kind of athlete all games need. A devout Mormon, a cheerful leader, a picture-book player, blond-haired, healthy, generous with his time for young boys; he was the kind of youth in short supply in these selfish times."

“There isn’t a man in Chicago who wouldn’t have been proud to have him as a son,” said Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley.

“Ken and I were both religious, we were always joking – trying to convert each other. I’m Catholic, he was a Mormon. But after he died, I had to see a priest," said Ron Santo. “I couldn’t understand it. I mean, he loved life. He was a great human being. This was a kid who didn’t even smoke or drink. Why him?”

Said Hall of Famer Lou Boudreau, who then was a  Cubs’ radio announcer: “At the time he died, I felt he was on his way to a Hall of Fame career. His bat hadn’t come around, but it would have.”

“Kenny would have been one of the all-time greats,” said Cubs teammate Don Elston. “Kenny was one of the to-be all-stars, Hall of Famers.”

Billy Connors, Hubbs' Little League world series rival, became a teammate and friend in the minor leagues. Connors eventually became a long time major league pitching coach. He said of Hubbs, “I’ve seen a lot of professional players through the years, but I would describe Kenny as a perfect player. He had great talent, great makeup, an amazing will to win.”

Personal
Hubbs came from a devout Mormon family and often visited children in hospitals and spoke to church groups.

Ken's older brother, Keith Hubbs, played football at Brigham Young University. Later, Keith served as President of the Ken Hubbs Foundation for 38 years and oversaw the annual selection process for the Ken Hubbs Award until his death in 2018 at age 80. Keith named first son after his late brother and his son, Ken, threw out a first pitch at Wrigley Field in 2003.

The Ken Hubbs Foundation was established shortly after his death. Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley donated gate receipts and other monies from a May 4, 1964 Cubs-Dodgers game to the foundation. The Ken Hubbs Foundation also received many donations from fans, among them, Holly Schindler, age 12, from who wrote with her donation: “I am a loyal Cub fan and Ken Hubbs was my hero. I knew all statistics of him, height, weight, etc., even the color of his eyes. I have even converted from a Sox fan to a Cubs fan. I was grieved to hear of the young athlete’s death, and I feel terribly sorry for the Hubbs family. This is part of my allowance, and I feel better by donating.”

Honors
Hubbs was awarded the 1959 Los Angeles Examiner Trophy as the “Best All-Around Athlete in Southern California”.

After his death, the Ken Hubbs Foundation was established in his honor.

Hubbs' glove used in the errorless streak in 1962 is on display at the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.

Since 1964, the Ken Hubbs Award has been given to the best high school male athletes in the greater San Bernardino, California area. Beginning in 2012, a female athlete is also honored. Beginning in 2019, an athlete of high character is also honored. Pro Football Hall of Fame player Ronnie Lott was a recipient in 1977. Other recipients include MLB player Greg Colbrunn (1987), Olympic runner Ryan Hall (2001) and Green Bay Packers 1st round pick Kenny Clark (2013).

Colton High School named their gymnasium the "Ken Hubbs Gymnasium". A collection of trophies and other memorabilia are on site.

Hubbs's uniform number 16 was never retired by the Cubs, but was kept out of circulation for about three years before being issued to another player.

In 1964, Topps issued a special card for Hubbs with a black band and reverse white text reading, "In Memoriam" on the card face. The card was numbered 550.

On June 26, 2002, the Chicago Cubs honored Hubbs' memory, with “Ken Hubbs Memorial” day at Wrigley Field. Fans in attendance received a replica of his 1962 Topps Rookie Baseball card.

See also
 List of baseball players who died during their careers

References

External links

Ken Hubbs at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
Ken Hubbs | A Glimpse of Greatness
Tribute article

Category:1941 births
Category:1964 deaths
Category:Accidental deaths in Utah
Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Category:Baseball players from California
Category:Chicago Cubs players
Category:Fort Worth Cats players
Category:Gold Glove Award winners
Category:Lancaster Red Roses players
Category:Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
Category:Major League Baseball second basemen
Category:Morristown Cubs players
Category:People from Colton, California
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Category:Wenatchee Chiefs players


GiMA Award for Best Film Album

The GiMA Best Film Album is given by Global Indian Music Academy as a part of its annual Global Indian Music Academy Awards.

List of winners
 2010 3 Idiots  – Shantanu Moitra
 2011 Dabangg – Sajid–Wajid, Lalit Pandit
 Anjaana Anjaani – Vishal–Shekhar
 Band Baaja Baaraat – Salim–Sulaiman
 Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai  – Pritam Chakraborty
 Raajneeti – Pritam, Aadesh Shrivastava, Shantanu Moitra, Wayne Sharpe
 Tees Maar Khan – Vishal–Shekhar
 2012 Rockstar – A. R. Rahman
 Delhi Belly – Ram Sampath
 Ra.One – Vishal–Shekhar
 The Dirty Picture – Vishal–Shekhar
 Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara – Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy
 2013 – (no award given)
 2014 Aashiqui 2 – Mithoon, Ankit Tiwari, Jeet Gannguli
 Bhaag Milkha Bhaag – Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy
 Raanjhanaa – A. R. Rahman
 Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela – Sanjay Leela Bhansali
 Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani – Pritam Chakraborty
 2015 Highway – A. R. Rahman
 2 States – Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy
 Bang Bang! – Vishal–Shekhar
 CityLights – Jeet Gannguli
 Haider – Vishal Bhardwaj
 Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania – Sachin-Jigar, Sharib-Toshi
 2016 Roy – Amaal Mallik, Ankit Tiwari, Meet Bros Anjjan
 Tamasha – A. R. Rahman
 Dilwale – Pritam Chakraborty
 Bajrangi Bhaijaan – Pritam Chakraborty
 Bajirao Mastani – Sanjay Leela Bhansali

See also
 Bollywood
 Cinema of India

References

Category:GiMA Awards


Daniel Huwyler

Daniel Huwyler (born 1 February 1963) is a Swiss former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Aargau
Category:Swiss male cyclists
Category:Olympic cyclists of Switzerland
Category:Cyclists at the 1984 Summer Olympics


Basia block

Basia is one of the twelve administrative community development block and a Subdivision of Gumla district in the Indian state of Jharkhand, has a population  (1991 census) of 59,626. The block comprises eighty-eight villages. This small town is 103 km away from Ranchi and 43 km away from Gumla. One of the best eye catching tourist destination Baghmunda Waterfalls, Dhansingh Toli dam, and various picnic spot are situated here. There are many schools, colleges, and educational institutions are also here.

It is a situated in the bank of river South Koel. Basia is full of nature's beauty and rich heritage. Basia was a block earlier but most of the people demanded for a subdivision because Basia have a huge population and Gumla district was far from Basia  So on public demand Basia was established as a Subdivision.

References

Category:Community development blocks in Gumla district


Grace O'Sullivan

Grace O'Sullivan (born 8 March 1962) is an Irish politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Ireland for the South constituency since July 2019. She is a member of the Green Party, part of the European Green Party. She previously served as a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from 2016 to 2019.

O'Sullivan is also known for her activism during a 20-year career with Greenpeace. She is a former Irish surfing champion and has worked for a number of years as an environmental education specialist and ecologist.

Biography
O'Sullivan was born in County Waterford in Ireland, where she grew up in Tramore, close to the back strand and the surrounding countryside, an environment which she says was influential on her life and appreciation of nature and the sea.

She joined Tramore Sea and Cliff Rescue at the age of 16, and by the age of 18 was a helmsman with the Tramore RNLI. She spent some time as a lifeguard with Waterford County Council, patrolling Tramore beach during the summer months.

She was a keen sportsperson at school, and became Ireland's first National Female Surf Champion in 1981.

In 1983, she took up a position with Greenpeace, and spend the next 20 years working with the organisation in areas that included almost 10 years on various Greenpeace ships. She was a crew member of the original Rainbow Warrior when it was bombed in New Zealand in 1985 by French Intelligence. She was involved in many campaigns covering a range of environmental and peace issues. She spent a number of years working for Greenpeace at its Amsterdam offices, including time as assistant to Campaign Director and as Human Resources Manager for Greenpeace International.

In addition to working full-time at Greenpeace, O'Sullivan took a Life Long Learning Programme with the Open University, gaining qualifications in Management Studies.

Political career
She ran as the Green MEP candidate for the Ireland South constituency in the 2014 European election, being eliminated on the 7th count with approximately 4% of first preference votes.

She was elected as a Senator in 2016, and sat with 5 other senators in the Civil Engagement group.

O'Sullivan was elected at the 2019 European Parliament election for the South constituency. She received 75,946 (10.56%) first-preference votes. She was elected on the 18th count after a recount of the votes between her and outgoing MEP Liadh Ni Riada.

Her sister Lola O'Sullivan is a Fine Gael Waterford City and County Councillor.

References

External links

Grace O'Sullivan's page on the Green Party website

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Green Party (Ireland) senators
Category:Irish environmentalists
Category:Irish sportsperson-politicians
Category:Irish surfers
Category:Irish female surfers
Category:Irish women environmentalists
Category:Members of the 25th Seanad
Category:People associated with Greenpeace
Category:Politicians from County Waterford
Category:Women members of Seanad Éireann
Category:Women MEPs for the Republic of Ireland
Category:MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 2019–2024
Category:Green Party (Ireland) MEPs
Category:Alumni of Waterford Institute of Technology
Category:21st-century Irish women politicians