PFC Septemvri Sofia

Septemvri () is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Sofia, who compete in the Second League, the second tier of Bulgarian football. Its home ground is the Septemvri Stadium, but due to its poor condition the team plays its home matches at the Bistritsa Stadium and 57th Public School's FIFA-certified football field.

The club's biggest success to date is the winning of the Bulgarian Cup in 1960 and finishing 5th in the Bulgarian first division during the same season. Septemvri is known for its strong youth academy, which over the years has developed numerous players for Bulgaria's elite clubs and the national team.

History

Early ages
On November 5, 1944 the clubs Sportclub Sofia, Sokol and Vazrazhdane unite under the name of FC Septemvri Sofia. On March 26, 1945, the additional clubs of Botev (Konyovitsa), Ustrem (Zaharna fabrika), Pobeda (Krasna Polyana), and Svoboda (Tri kladentsi) merge into the club. In May 1948, the club, then playing in the 1st Sofia Division, is briefly merged with second-division CDV/Chavdar (Sofia) and the unified club wins the 1948 Bulgarian Championship by overcoming Levski Sofia in the final.

Septemvri starts the 1948–49 season in the newly formed A Republican Football Group, but only six months later is separated from CDV (Chavdar) and removed from the division, with the current title given to CDNV, Chavdar's new name, which would ultimately become CSKA Sofia. At the end of the 1948–49 season, Septemvri is allowed to take part in a two-match play-off for entering first division against Marek Dupnitsa. After both matches end with a 2:0 win for each team, a third game is played in which Septemvri falls 1:0 and remains in second division.

From 1949 to 1969, Septemvri exists as an independent club, during which period it reaches the height of its success. In 1959, the club finishes first in the B PFG and is promoted to first division for the 1959–60 season. That same season, Septemvri finishes in 5th place and claims the Bulgarian Cup after a dramatic 4:3 win over Lokomotiv Sofia in extra time. The club's stay among the elite lasts only two years, as in 1961 it is relegated to the B PFG, where it remains until 1968.

In 1969, during another period of football reform in Bulgaria, Septemvri was again merged into CSKA Sofia. This unification continued for almost 20 years, until 1988, when the club became independent again and joined the V AFG. In 1993, Septemvri won a promotion to the B PFG. In 1998, the club became the champion of the B PFG and joined the elite for the first time since 1961. It finished in 16th place and was relegated again.

2000s
During the 2000–01 season, the club finished in 13th place in the B PFG and was relegated to the V AFG, where it remained until 2008. In March 2008, the club was heavily penalized after a scandalous match against FC Bansko, when coach Rumen Stoyanov ordered his players to leave the field, a serious offence according to Bulgarian Football Union regulations. With an executive decision, the BFU removed Septemvri from the V AFG and placed it in the A OFG, the Sofia Regional Football Group. Despite this setback, the club attained 1st place in the division in the 2008–09 season and qualified for a play-off match for entering the V AFG against FC Novi Iskar. After an emotional 0–0 in regular time, penalty kicks were in order to determine the team going forward. Septemvri lost the penalty shootout 5–4.

Chandarov era (2015–present)

Merge with DIT academy and Pirin Razlog (2015–2017)
In 2015, Rumen Chandarov, owner of DIT Sport Academy, one of the best Bulgarian football academies in the last few years, announced that he is the new owner of Septemvri, with the goal of getting the young players to compete in the First Professional Football League of Bulgaria. The team merged with Conegliano German and started the 2015–16 season from V Group. Nikolay Mitov was appointed as a manager of the team. In the end of the 2015 it was decided that the team will give a bigger chance to their U19 players, so most of the players who joined in the season start left and only seven players left, but 18 players joined from the U19 team which was third in the Elite Youth Group by the end of 2015. Some media announced that Chandarov will stop financing the team also due to the fact that he started financing Botev Plovdiv, but Chandarov said that this is not true and the only reason to do this is to make youth players enter the men's football.

On 24 June 2016, Pirin Razlog merged into PFC Septemvri Sofia. From the new season 2016–17 Septemvri will compete in the new Second League, the second division of Bulgarian football. Septemvri returned and in the Bulgarian Cup and draw the Bulgarian First League team Beroe Stara Zagora. They won the match on 21 September 2016 with 2–0, goals scored by Georgi Stoichkov and Petar Tonchev. The team finished their season in Second League in 2nd place two points behind the winners of the group — Etar and qualified for the Promotion playoffs against elite member Montana. The team won the playoff on 3 June 2017 with 2–1 final result and returned to the top level after 19 years.

Return to First Professional League (2017–present)
On 8 June 2017, Dimitar Vasev was announced as the manager who would lead the team in their return to the First League with Hristo Arangelov, the caretaker manager after Nikolay Mitov, as his first assistant. The team announced that they would play to Vasil Levski National Stadium until their Septemvri Stadium is built. Later, the club owner Rumen Chandarov revealed that the team would play at Bistritsa Stadium after the stadium gained a First League licence, since he didn't want Septemvri to play in front of empty seats. Septemvri's first match was against Dunav Ruse on 17 July and the team lost the match 0–2. Week later Septemvri won their second match against Pirin with Boris Galchev scoring the winning goal. After four defeats in five games, Vasev was released and Nikolay Mitov returned in charge after his release from Levski Sofia. Septemvri finished the half season in 10th place with 23 points after a 2–1 win over Cherno More.

On 20 February 2018, Septemvri's executive director Georgi Markov died aged 46, three years after he suffered a heart attack.

Septemvri secured their place in First League on 15 April 2018 after a 0–2 win over Dunav Ruse and qualified for European play-off quarter-finals.

Septemvri could not avoid relegation in the next season, however, as they were relegated after losing in the relegation playoffs to FC Arda Kardzhali , 0-1. This ended their two year stay in the Bulgarian elite.

Seasons

Season by season

Seasons in A Group(now First League): 6
Seasons in B Group (now Second League): 26
Seasons in V Group: 14
Seasons in A Regional Group: 6
Seasons in I Sofia Division: 4

Last 5 seasons

League positions

Honours

Domestic
First League:
 5th place (1): 1959–60

Second League:
  Winners (3): 1955−56, 1958−59, 1997−98

Third League:
  Winners (1): 1992−93

A Regional Group:
  Winners (5): 1952, 1989–90, 1990–91, 2008–09, 2009–10

Bulgarian Cup:
  Winners (1): 1959–60

Crest, Shirt and Kit manufacturer

Crest history

Kits and manufacturers
From 1944 to 1990 team main color is red with white or blue. From 1990 to 2010 team main color is purple, but in the period between 2001 and 2007 they used white with red colors. From 2011 team first kit is dark red.

Players

Current squad
As of 1 February 2020

For recent transfers, see Transfers summer 2019 and Transfers winter 2019–20.

Out on loan

Foreign players
Up to one non-EU national can be registered and given a squad number for the first team in the Second League. Those non-EU nationals with European ancestry can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry he can claim Bulgarian citizenship after playing in Bulgaria for 5 years.

Notable players
Had international caps for their respective countries, or held any club record. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Septemvri.

Bulgaria
 Manol Manolov
 Gavril Stoyanov
 Dimitar Milanov
 Dimitar Largov
 Dimitar Yakimov
 Aleksandar Vasilev
 Atanas Gerov
 Asparuh Nikodimov
 Pavel Panov
 Dimitar Yordanov
 Bozhidar Iskrenov
 Plamen Nikolov
 Krasimir Koev
 Marius Urukov
 Vladimir Yonkov
 Radoslav Vasilev
 Boris Galchev

Europe
 Darko Glišić
 Suad Sahiti

Africa
 Simba Marumo
 Alassane Diaby

Appearance records

Most appearances for the club in First League

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Most goals for the club in First League

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Club officials

Board of directors

Current technical body

Manager history

References

External links

 Fans website
 Septemvri at bgclubs.eu
 Septemvri at UEFA.com
 DIT Academy Official website

Category:Football clubs in Sofia
Category:1944 establishments in Bulgaria


Some Bride

Some Bride is a 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Henry Otto and produced and distributed by Metro Pictures. It stars Viola Dana.

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Patricia Morley (Dana) is a pretty, young bride whose flirtatious ways during their honeymoon at a summer resort keep her husband Henry (Cummings) in a state of constant anxiety. Henry's jealousy is attributed to a strain of Spanish blood, although any husband would be puzzled by Patricia's activities. When Patricia, at an old fashioned barn dance, acts out the role of a chicken hatching out of an egg and dances with other men due to Henry's sprained ankle, Henry's wrath blazes up, and he accuses her of being in love with another man and threatens to leave her. He packs his things, goes to New York City, and files for divorce. Patricia, brokenhearted, sends her friend Victoria (Sinclair) to tell Henry that his wife is dying. Patricia goes to the hospital where her hysterical conduct alarms the doctor and nurse. Later the nurse discovers that the bride is bluffing but is serious in her efforts to win back her husband. Henry arrives at the hospital just in time to see his wife acting out the role of a nurse to his divorce attorney Geoffrey Patten (Mason), who had broken his leg two days earlier. Henry again explodes in wrath, but finally makes up with Patricia, and they return to New York City, taking along the lawyer. Additional complications follow, but all ends happily.

Cast
Viola Dana - Patricia Morley
Irving Cummings - Henry Morley
Ruth Sinclair - Victoria French
Billy Mason - Geoffrey Patten
Florence Carpenter - Jane Grayson
Jack Mower - Undetermined role

References

External links

Category:1919 films
Category:American silent feature films
Category:American films
Category:Lost American films
Category:Metro Pictures films
Category:Films directed by Henry Otto
Category:Films based on short fiction
Category:1910s comedy films
Category:American comedy films
Category:American black-and-white films


Picture Music International

PMI (Picture Music International) was a division of EMI that specialised in music video releases for EMI artists. Releases included videos from The Beatles, Kate Bush, Cliff Richard, Pet Shop Boys, Queen, Pink Floyd and Duran Duran, as well as Iron Maiden and Queensrÿche.  It has been succeeded by Abbey Road Interactive.

Category:EMI


Viriathus

Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or western Iberia (as the Greeks called it), where the Roman province of Lusitania would be finally established after the conquest. This Roman province spread over areas comprising most of Portugal (the northernmost part was included in Gallaecia), all of Extremadura and the province of Salamanca. Its eastern frontier reached the proximities of Toletum, in central Hispania. Current Galicia was not included in the province, since it comprised most of the territory of another province, the aforementioned Gallaecia, but like the Vettonian people in the South, the Galaic tribes living there were also related to them.

Viriatus developed alliances with other Iberian groups, even far away from his usual theatres of war, inducing them to rebel against Rome. He led his army, supported by most of the Lusitanian and Vetton tribes as well as by other Celtiberian allies, to several victories over the Romans between 147 BC and 139 BC before being betrayed by them and murdered while sleeping. Of him, Theodor Mommsen said, "It seemed as if, in that thoroughly prosaic age, one of the Homeric heroes had reappeared."

Etymology
There are several possible etymologies for the name Viriatus. The name can be composed of two elements: Viri and Athus.
Viri may come from:
the Indo-European root *uiros, "man", relating to strength and virility;
the Celtic *uiro- 'man'; and the older forms viros, viri, viro, viron from which derived the Old Irish word for man, fir;
from *uei-, as in the viriae or Celtiberian "twisted armbands" used by warriors (Pliny XXIII, 39);
the Latin viri (pronounced "wee-ree", coming from the Indo-European root above) meaning man, hero, person of courage, honor, and nobility.

The Celtiberian elite used the title  uiros ueramos, meaning the 'highest man' and the Latin equivalent would be summus vir.

According to the historian Schulten, Viriatus had a Celtic name.

Viriatus' life

Little is known about Viriatus. The only reference to the location of his native tribe was made by the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, who claims he was from the Lusitanian tribes of the ocean side.

He belonged to the class of warriors, the occupation of the minority ruling elites. He was known to the Romans as the dux of the Lusitanian army, as the adsertor (protector) of Hispania, or as an imperator, probably of the confederated Lusitanian and Celtiberian tribes.

Livy described him as a shepherd who became a hunter, then a soldier, thus following the path of most young warriors, the iuventus, who devoted themselves to cattle raiding, hunting and war.

According to Appian, Viriatus was one of the few who escaped when Galba, the Roman governor, massacred the flos iuventutis, the flower of the young Lusitanian warriors, in 150 BC.

Two years after the massacre, in 148 BC, Viriatus became the leader of a Lusitanian army.

Viriatus was thought by some to have a very obscure origin, although Diodorus Siculus also says that Viriatus "approved himself to be a prince" and that he said he was "lord and owner of all". His family was unknown to the Romans who were familiar with the native aristocratic warrior society.
His personality and his physical and intellectual abilities as well as his skills as a warrior were described by several authors. He was a man of great physical strength, probably in the very prime of life, an excellent strategist, and possessor of a brilliant mind. Some authors claim that the ancient authors described Viriatus with the precise features of a Celtic king.

He was described as a man who followed the principles of honesty and fair dealing and was acknowledged for being exact and faithful to his word on the treaties and alliances he made. Livy gives him the title of vir duxque magnus with the implied qualities that were nothing more than the ideals of the ancient virtues.

A more modern current claims Viriatus belonged to an aristocratic Lusitanian clan who were owners of cattle. For Cassius Dio, he did not pursue power or wealth, but carried on the war for the sake of military glory. His aims could then be compared to pure Roman aristocratic ideals of that time: to serve and gain military glory and honor. Viriatus did not fight for war spoils or material gain, like common soldiers.

The Lusitanians honored Viriatus as their Benefactor, (Greek: euergetes), and Savior (Greek: soter), typically Hellenistic honorifics used by kings like the Ptolemies.

Some authors assert that he was probably from the Herminius Mons (Serra da Estrela), in the heart of Lusitania, (in central Portugal) or the Beira Alta region.

Most of his life and his war against the Romans are part of legend and Viriatus is considered the earliest Portuguese national hero, given the fact that he was the leader of the confederate tribes of Iberia who resisted Rome. The historian Appianus of Alexandria in his book about Iberia (in the section Historia Romana, Roman History), commented that Viriatus "killed numerous Romans and showed great skill".

The Viriatus of Silius Italicus
It has been argued that Silius Italicus, in his epic poem entitled Punica, mentions a former Viriatus who would have been a contemporary of Hannibal. He is referenced as primo Viriatus in aeuo, and was a leader of the Gallaeci and of the Lusitanians.

The historical Viriatus would be the one who received the title of regnator Hiberae magnanimus terrae, the "magnanimous ruler of the Iberian land".

Conquest of Lusitania by Rome

In the 3rd century BC, Rome started its conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Roman conquest of Iberia began during the Second Punic War, when the senate sent an army to Iberia to block Carthaginian reinforcements from helping Hannibal in the Italian Peninsula. This began Roman involvement in 250 years of subsequent fighting throughout Iberia, resulting in its eventual conquest in 19 BC with the end of the Cantabrian Wars. The Lusitanian War is one of the most well documented episodes of the conquest.

Rome's dominion of Iberia met with much opposition. In 197 BC, Rome divided the southeastern coast of Iberia into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, and two elected praetors were assigned to command the legions. As with many other tribes of Iberia, the inhabitants of the Lusitanian castros, or citanias, would have been granted peregrina  stipendiariaScripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. but remaining an autonomous (Greek: αὐτονόμων) country through treaties (foedus).

Lusitania's rich land was praised by ancient authors. Polybius  in his Histories, "speaking of the natural wealth of Lusitania [...], tells us that owing to the favorable climate both men and animals are very prolific, and the land is constantly productive."

The Romans charged the native tribes with heavy taxes: a fixed vectigal or land-tax, the tributum and a certain quantity of cereals. Taxes were not the only source of income; mine exploitation and peace treaties were a source of denarius as well as war spoils and war prisoners who were sold as slaves. The indigenous towns had to deliver their own treasures to the Romans, which left them only with their yearly earnings to pay the taxes. Between 209 and 169 BC, the Roman army collected 4 tons of gold and 800 tons of silver looting the native tribes of the Iberian peninsula. The governors extorted as much as they could from the tribes. In 174 BC, when Publius Furius Philus was accused of paying very little for the cereals that Iberia was compelled to deliver to Rome, Cato defended the interests of the native tribes. The exploitation and extortion reached such an extreme degree in the provinces that Rome had to create a special tribunal and laws, like the Lex Calpurnia created in 149 BC. Also as part of the payment, a certain number of men were required to serve in the Roman army.

 Revolts
The Lusitanians revolted first in 194 BC against the Romans. Iberia was divided between the tribes that supported Roman rule and the tribes that revolted against Roman rule, as they had been divided before by those who supported the Carthaginian and those who supported Romans.

This period was marked by a number of broken treaties either by the Roman generals, or their senate, that would not ratify the treaties, or by the native people.

In 152 BC the Lusitanians made a peace agreement with Marcus Atilius, after he conquered Oxthracae, Lusitania's biggest city. In Roman law, peregrini dediticii was the designation given to peoples who had surrendered themselves after taking up arms against the Romans. The terms offered were such that, as soon as Atilius returned to Rome, they rebelled and broke the treaty. Then they attacked the tribes that were Roman subjects and that had sided with the Romans in helping to attack and plunder the Lusitanian towns. Possibly the Lusitanians recovered some of the booty the Romans had divided with those tribes.

In 151 BC the Celtiberians who had become Roman allies, fearing the revenge of the rebels who considered them traitors, asked the Romans to punish the rebellious tribes who had broken out into war and that the legions should remain in Iberia to protect them.

 Massacre of the Lusitanians
The praetor of Hispania Ulterior, Servius Sulpicius Galba commanded the Roman troops in Iberia c.150 BC, and at the same time Lucius Licinius Lucullus was appointed Governor of the Hispania Citerior and commander of an army. In the year 151 BC, Lucullus  "being greedy of fame and needing money", made a peace treaty with the Caucaei, of the Vaccaei tribe, after which he ordered his men to kill all the tribe's adult males, of which it is said only a few out of 30,000 escaped.

Servius Sulpicius Galba joined forces with Lucius Licinius Lucullus and together started to depopulate Lusitania. While Lucullus invaded the country from the east, Galba attacked it from the south. Unable to sustain a war on two fronts, the Lusitanian troops suffered several losses in engagements with the Romans. Fearing a long siege and the destruction the Roman siege engines would cause in their towns, the Lusitanians sent an embassy to Galba to negotiate a peace treaty, although for the Romans it would be perceived as the Deditio in dicionem, the surrender. The Lusitanians hoped they could at least renew the former treaty made with Atilius. Galba received the Lusitanian embassy politely, and a peace treaty was agreed on the terms proposed by him. He commanded them to leave their homes and remain in open country. The Lusitanians probably lost their city and possessions and their land would have become Ager Publicus. The conquest of a territory, unless it had been given special conditions, could imply the acquisition, by the Romans, of the conquered territory and all that it contained.His+ania Epigraphica. Tratado de rendición (deditio) de un pueblo lusitano a L. Caelius, Imp.

The treaty turned out to be a trap, like the one Lucullus had prepared for the Caucaei. When the unarmed Lusitanians, among them Viriathus, were gathered together by Galba to hand over their weapons and to be split into three groups (two of the points of the treaty that had been negotiated) and allocated to new lands, the trap was sprung. With the promise that they would be given new lands they waited unaware while Galba's army surrounded them with a ditch, to prevent them from escaping. Afterwards, Roman soldiers were sent in and began to massacre all the males of military age. The survivors are said to have been sold into slavery in Gaul.

The relocation of an entire tribe, accompanied by slaughter or their reduction to the status of slaves was a punishment often inflicted on native populations who took part in revolts.

Galba distributed a little of the plunder to the army and a little to his friends, the native tribes that sided with him, and kept the rest. This incited a massive rebellion, with the entire Lusitanian tribe mustering as they waged war for three years against Rome, but met with many failures.

Three years after the massacre, the rebellion was on the verge of defeat when Viriathus appeared and offered himself as leader. Through his understanding of Roman military methods he saved the rebel Lusitanians by a simple though clever escape plan. Viriathus became the leader of the Lusitanians and caused much grief to the Romans in revenge for the massacre of his people.

 The "War of Fire"

The war with Viriatus was called "War of Fire" by the Greek historian Polybius of Megalopolis. Two types of war were carried on by Viriatus, bellum, when he used a regular army, and latrocinium, when the fighting involved small groups of combatants and the use of guerrilla tactics. For many authors Viriatus is the model of the guerrilla fighter.

Nothing is known about Viriatus until his first feat of war in 149 BC. He was with an army of ten thousand men that invaded southern Turdetania.

Rome sent the praetor Caius Vetilius to fight the rebellion. He attacked a group of Lusitanian warriors who were out foraging, and after several of them were killed, the survivors took refuge in a place that was surrounded by the Roman army. They were about to make a new agreement with the Romans when Viriatus, mistrusting the Romans, proposed an escape plan. The Lusitanians, inflamed by his speech, made him their new commander. His first act was to rescue the trapped and resisting Lusitanians whom he then commanded, first by lining up for battle with the Romans, then scattering the army as they charged. As each wave broke apart and fled in different directions to meet up at a later location, Viriatus with 1,000 chosen men held the army of 10,000 Romans in check by being in a position to attack. Once the rest of the army had fled, he and the thousand men escaped as well.  Having effectively saved all of the Lusitanians soldiers, he immediately fortified the loyalty of the people around himself.

Viriatus organized an attack against Caius Vetilius in Tribola. Since the Romans were better armed, he organized guerrilla tactics and sprang imaginative ambushes. Charging with iron spears, tridents and roars, the Lusitanians defeated Vetilius, killing 4,000 out of 10,000 soldiers, including Vetilius himself. In response, Celtiberians were hired to attack the Lusitanians, but were destroyed. After that incident, the Lusitanians clashed with the armies of Gaius Plautius, Claudius Unimanus and Gaius Negidius, all of whom were defeated. During this period Viriatus inspired and convinced the Numantine and some Gauls to rebel against Roman rule.

To complete the subjugation of Lusitania, Rome sent Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, with 15,000 soldiers and 2,000 cavalry to strengthen Gaius Laelius Sapiens who was a personal friend of Scipio Aemilianus Africanus. Despite accomplishing the retreat of the Lusitanians in an initial victory, Aemilianus returned to Rome without having taken down Viriathus, and the Romans lost most of his reinforcements in Ossuma and  Beja in Alentejo. This gave the Lusitanians access to what is today's Spanish territory, modern Granada and Murcia. The results of Viriatus's efforts as well as those of the Numantine War caused many problems in Rome, the most notable being a drop in legionary recruitment rates.

Learning of these events, Rome sent one of its best generals, Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus, to Iberia. Near Sierra Morena, the Romans fell into a Lusitanian ambush. Viriatus did not harm the Romans and let the soldiers and Servilianus go in exchange for a peace treaty that recognised Lusitanian rule over the land they dominated. This agreement was ratified by the Roman Senate and Viriathus was declared "amicus populi Romani", (), an ally of the Roman people.

However, the peace brought by the treaty displeased Quintus Servilius Caepio, who got himself appointed successor to his brother, Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus, in the command of the army and administration of affairs in Iberia. In his reports to the Roman Senate he claimed that the treaty was in the highest degree dishonourable to Rome. Livy seemed to have a different opinion as he writes it was a stain on Servilianus' military career but comments that the treaty was, aequis, fair.  The senate authorised Q. Servilius Caepio, on his request, to harass Viriathus as long as it was done secretly. The treaty was in effect for one year. During that time Q. Servilius Caepio harassed Viriathus and kept pressuring with his reports until he was authorised publicly to declare war.

 Death
Knowing that the Lusitanian resistance was largely due to Viriathus' leadership, Caepio bribed Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus, who had been sent by Viriathus as an embassy to establish peace (Appian). These ambassadors returned to their camp and killed Viriathus while he was sleeping. Eutropius claims that when Viriathus' assassins asked Q. Servilius Caepio for their payment he answered that "it was never pleasing to the Romans, that a general should be killed by his own soldiers.", or in another version more common in modern Portugal and Spain, "Rome does not pay traitors who kill their chief". Q. Servilius Caepio was refused his Triumph by the Senate.

After the death of Viriatus, the Lusitanians kept fighting under the leadership of Tautalus (Greek: Τάυταλος).

Laenas would finally give the Lusitanians the land they originally had asked for before the massacre. Nevertheless, total pacification of Lusitania was only achieved under Augustus. Under Roman rule, Lusitania and its people gradually acquired Roman culture and language.

Viriathus stands as the most successful leader who ever opposed the Roman conquest in Iberia. During the course of his campaigns he was only defeated in battle against the Romans once, and from a military standpoint can be said to have been one of the most successful generals to have ever opposed Rome's expansion. Ultimately, even the Romans recognized that it was more prudent to use treachery rather than open confrontation to defeat the Lusitanian uprising. Some fifty years later, the renegade Roman general Quintus Sertorius, at the head of another insurrection in Iberia, would meet a similar fate.

 Legacy
Viriathus became an enduring symbol of Portuguese nationality and independence, portrayed by artists and celebrated by its people throughout the centuries. In 1572, Luís Vaz de Camões epic poem Os Lusíadas, the author exalts Viriathus' great deeds.

The flag of the Spanish province of Zamora, called la seña bermeja, has eight red stripes, to honour the eight victories of Viriathus over the Romans.

There is a street in Madrid named after him, in Chamberí neighborhood (near the metro station 'Iglesia'). The same is true of Lisbon, Zamora and many other towns in Spain and Portugal.

Film and television
 The Spanish television series Hispania, La Leyenda (2010-2012) is loosely based on his life and exploits. He was played by Roberto Enríquez.
 The History Channel's "Barbarians Rising" (2016) features the story of Viriathus in its first episode entitled "Resistance". Jefferson Hall played Viriathus.

 See also

 Ambiorix
 Alaric I
 Ardaric
 Arminius
 Autaritus
 Battle of Baduhenna Wood
 Bato (Daesitiate chieftain)
 Boudica
 Fritigern
 Gainas
 Gaius Julius Civilis
 John of Gothia
 Spartacus
 Totila
 Tribigild
 Vercingetorix

 Notes

 References
 Ribeiro, Ângelo and Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal I — A Formação do Território QuidNovi, 2004 ().
 Loução, Paulo Alexandre: Portugal, Terra de Mistérios Ésquilo, 2000 (third edition; ).
 Muñoz, Maurício Pastor: Viriato, A Luta pela Liberdade Ésquilo, 2003 (third edition; ).
 Freitas do Amaral, Diogo: Viriato ; Lisboa: Bertrand, 2004 ()
 Silva, Luis: "Viriathus and the Lusitanian Resistance to Rome", Pen & Sword'', South Yorkshire, UK, 2013 ()

Category:139 BC deaths
Category:Lusitanians
Category:Celtic warriors
Category:Spanish rebels
Category:Rebellions against the Roman Empire
Category:Year of birth unknown


Restaurant (2006 film)

Restaurant is a Marathi language movie. It is the debut film of director Sachin Kundalkar.

Plot
The film is the story of Janhvi (played by Sonali Kulkarni) and Padmakka (played by Uttara Baokar), descendants of a Maharashtrian royal family who run a restaurant. Janhvi is a trained cook who has given up cooking as a reaction to the death of her companion Paul. Sameer (played by Sameer Dharmadhikari), Janhvi's friend who is a cook joins the restaurant in order to assist in modernising the restaurant. However destiny has other things in store. A property dispute complicates the situation.

Critical review
Amrit Gangar in the Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinema considers Restaurant as an example of novelty introduced into Marathi cinema by Marathi film makers since Shwaas. Vidyarthi Chatterjee compliments the film for its pace and for its seasoned handling of the conflict between tradition and modernity, and the motivation created by self-esteem felt by an artist in seeking to be perfect in the practice of his art and the attempt by a person to drown sorrow and the sense of being alone in work.

References

External links

Category:2000s Marathi-language films
Category:Indian films
Category:2006 films
Category:Directorial debut films
Category:Marathi film scores by Ajay-Atul


Beer in the Snooker Club

Beer In The Snooker Club is a semi-autobiographical novel by the Egyptian writer Waguih Ghali written in English and first published in 1964.

Structure
On the surface, the novel reads as a typical post-colonial novel; the Francophone, British educated Egyptian Coptic protagonists struggle with their conflicting allegiances to the English culture that produced and imposed colonialism, and to the Egyptian revolution that opposed colonialism but also implemented repressive domestic policies. The novel ultimately rejects the mediated binaries of post-coloniality, searching instead for a notion of cosmopolitan identity, defined both as a historically and locally situated urban subject and as a politically engaged 'citizen of the world'.

Plot
Behind the bar at Jameel's in Cairo hang two mugs engraved with the names of Ram and Font. During their years together in London, they drank many a pint of Bass from these mugs. But there is no Bass in Nasser's Egypt – so Ram and Font have to make do with a heady mixture of beer, vodka and whisky. Yearning for Bass, they long to be far from a revolution that neither serves the people nor allows their rich aunts to live the life of leisure they are accustomed to. Stranded between two cultures, Ram and Font must choose between dangerous political opposition and reluctant acquiescence.

Reception

According to author Diana Athill, Beer in the Snooker Club is "a classic of the literature of emigration."

Ahdaf Soueif wrote that "Beer in the Snooker Club is one of the best novels about Egypt ever written. In the protagonist, Ram, a passionate nationalist who is nonetheless an anglophile, Waguih Ghali creates a hero who is tragic, funny and sympathetic. Through him we are presented with an authentic and acutely observed account of Egyptian society at a time of great upheaval. It is marvellously cheering that this novel is available again after twenty years."

Gabriel Josipovici wrote "This is a wonderful book. Quiet, understated, seemingly without any artistic or formal pretensions. Yet quite devastating in its human and political insights... if you want to convey to someone what Egypt was like in the forties and fifties, and why it is impossible for Europeans or Americans to understand, give them this book. It makes The Alexandria Quartet look like the travel brochure it is."

Writing in The Observer, Rachel Aspden feels that the book "may be angry, but it is also extremely funny. Ghali neatly skewers the pretensions of the Cairene elite along with the hypocrisies of empire...  In Ghali's Cairo, almost everything is phoney."

Related Books

 Diana Athill. After a Funeral. London: Cape, 1986. - winner of the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography

References

External links
  Waguih Ghali's Page on the Literary Encyclopedia
  Book's page by Susie Thomas on the 'London Fictions' site - including perhaps the only photo of Ghali in the public domain
 Book's page on Serpent's Tail, the Publisher
 Book Review by Ahdaf Soueif on the London Review of Books

Category:Egyptian novels
Category:Autobiographical novels
Category:Egyptian English-language novels
Category:1964 novels
Category:Novels set in Egypt


Floris Versteeg

Floris Versteeg (born 22 October 1994) is a Dutch basketball player for Dutch Windmills of the Dutch Basketball League (DBL). Standing at , Versteeg plays as power forward.

College career
Versteeg attended and played for the Canarias Basketball Academy, which he followed by playing one season of college basketball for Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball team.

Professional career
On 9 July 2018, Versteeg signed with Dutch Windmills, which made its debut season in the DBL. On 10 April 2019, Windmills withdrew from the DBL due to its financial problems.

References

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:B.S. Leiden players
Category:Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball players
Category:Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Category:Dutch men's basketball players
Category:Dutch Basketball League players
Category:Dutch Windmills players


2008 Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards

The 2008 Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards (), presented by Astro in Malaysia, was an awards ceremony that recognised the best Hong Kong television programmes that had aired on Malaysia's Astro Wah Lai Toi in 2008. The ceremony was televised live on Astro's Cantonese channel, Astro Wah Lai Toi.

The ceremony took place on 21 February 2009 at the Arena of Stars in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Winners were 100% based on results from popular vote. The voting period lasted from 17 January 2009 to 17 February 2009.

The biggest winner was Heart of Greed, winning nine awards including My Favourite Actor, My Favourite Actress, and My Favourite Drama.

Winners and nominees
Top five nominees are in bold.

References

Category:TVB television programmes
Category:2009 television awards
Category:2009 in Malaysian television
Category:2009 in Hong Kong television

zh:Astro华丽台电视剧大奖2008


Steppic Biogeographic Region

The Steppic Biogeographic Region is a biogeographic region of Europe, as defined by the European Environment Agency .

Extent

The Steppic region covers part of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and western Kazakhstan, and extends further west into Asia.
It has low-lying plains and rolling hills or plateaus with an average elevation of

Environment

The natural vegetation is mostly grasses such as Elymus repens (couch grass), Stipa (feather grass) and Festuca (fescue), among which are scattered herbaceous plants such as Potentilla (cinquefoil), Verbascum (mullein and Artemisia (wormwood).
The humus-rich soils are very fertile, and much of the region has been converted to cultivated land, with few remaining pockets of the original vegetation.

Conservation

Romania has the only part of the Steppic Region in the European Union.
This is a small intensively farmed area.
The list of Natura 2000 sites in region was adopted in December 2008, with 34 Sites of Community Importance under the Habitats Directive and 40 Special Protection Areas under the Birds Directive. Some sites are in both categories.
Together they cover about 20% of the land in the Romanian part of the region.

Notes

Sources

Category:Environment of Europe
Category:Biogeography


Brigitta Boccoli

Brigitta Boccoli (born 5 May 1972) is an Italian film and television actress.

Biography

Brigitta Boccoli was born in 1972 in Rome<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.leiweb.it/novella2000/2013/06/17/brigitta-boccoli-41-anni-e-sentirli-un-po/ |title=Brigitta Boccoli, 41 anni e sentirli un po'  |access-date=23 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630002859/http://blog.leiweb.it/novella2000/2013/06/17/brigitta-boccoli-41-anni-e-sentirli-un-po/ |archive-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where her family had moved from Milan shortly before her birth. Her sister, Benedicta Boccoli, is also an actress. Brigitta began her career in television with the show , on which her sister Benedicta also worked. She works on television shows and occasionally as a fotonovela actress.

She is married to circus athlete Stefano Nones Orfei (born 1966, son of Moira Orfei), who works at Reality Circus. They have a child named Manfredi.

 Filmography

1982: Manhattan Baby, director: Lucio Fulci
1985: La ragazza dei lillà, director: Flavio Mogherini
1987: Com'è dura l'avventura, director: Flavio Mogherini
1991: Nostalgia di un piccolo grande amore, director: Antonio Bonifacio
2003: Gli angeli di Borsellino, director: Rocco Cesareo
2006: Olè, director: Carlo Vanzina

 Television

1987–1991: Domenica in2000–2001: Ricominciare2001: Una donna per amico, season 3
2002: Cuori rubati2004: Don Matteo, season 4, 23RD episode
2006: Reality Circus - with Barbara D'Urso - reality show - Canale 5

 Theatre

1993–1994: Scanzonatissimo, director: Dino Verde
1998: Il gufo e la gattina, director: Furio Angiolella
1999: L'ultimo Tarzan, director: Sergio Japino
1999–2001: Il padre della sposa, director: Sergio Japino
2001: Anfitrione, (Plautus), director: Michele Mirabella
2002: La schiava, director: Claudio Insegno
2002–2003: Uscirò dalla tua vita in taxi, director: Ennio Coltorti
2003: Il Paradiso può attendere, director: Anna Lenzi
2010: La mia miglior nemica, director: Cinzia Berni

 Discography
1989 - Stella'' (with Benedicta Boccoli at Sanremo Music Festival)

References

External links
Brigitta Boccoli in AlloCiné

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from Rome
Category:Italian television actresses
Category:Italian film actresses
Category:Italian stage actresses
Category:Italian child actresses
Category:20th-century Italian actresses
Category:21st-century Italian actresses


Deh-e Hajji Abdol Rahim Rakhshani

Deh-e Hajji Abdol Rahim Rakhshani (, also Romanized as Deh-e Ḩājjī ʿAbdol Raḩīm Rakhshānī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. In the 2006 Iranian census the village was home to 26 families, totaling 128 people.

References

Category:Populated places in Hirmand County


Goodwood Racecourse Heliport

Goodwood Racecourse Heliport  is located  north northeast of Chichester, West Sussex, England.

References

External links
Goodwood

Category:Airports in England
Category:Goodwood
Category:Heliports in England
Category:Airports in West Sussex


Valerian Pletnev

Valerian Fedorovich Pletnev (1886–1942) () was a Russian revolutionary who after many years as a joiner became a playwright and activist in Proletkult, following the Russian Revolution.

He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904. He worked as a carpenter, primarily in Moscow and St Petersburg, until 1917. He had two periods of exile, from 1911 to 1914 and then from 1915 to 1917. After the revolution he developed as a playwright and was very active in Proletkult, very much influenced by Alexander Bogdanov. He was chairman of Proletkult.

1922 articles in Pravda
In 1922 his article "On the Ideological Front" ("Na ideologicheskom fronte") was published in Pravda in September 1922. Here he defended Proletkult which was facing marginalisation at that time. He rejected class compromise and the use of experts. He was against the participation of the peasantry, the bourgeoisie, and the intelligentsia in Proletkult. Proletarian culture was to be developed by the workers themselves and would provide a necessary antidote to the problems affecting post-revolutionary Soviet society. Influenced by Bogdanov, he defended the view that a proletarian science was necessary. He stated that the proletariat had to find new systems of knowledge, develop new ties between the different disciplines, which would require a monistic understanding of the world. As regards art, he stated that the new culture must be made by worker-artists, who aim to change the world, not merely to beautify it. He pointed out that the last four years in which Proletkult had existed was a very short period of time, compared to the period of the bourgeois domination of society.

In second article, "In the Proletkult" ("V Proletkul'te"), published in Pravda, October 1922, he responded to his own question on whether these first steps in proletarian culture should be considered as a utopian, unnecessary luxury?" by essentially arguing for continued state subsidies for Proletkult which were being reduced under the New Economic Policy. He praised the organisations literary output, including the role of drama as well as the development of production art.

Later life
From 1933 to 1936 he was Deputy Head of the General Directorate of the Film Industry at the SNK of the USSR. However he was subsequenlty purged and shot in 1942.

References

Category:1886 births
Category:1942 deaths


Component-oriented database

Component-oriented database (CODB) is a way of data administration and programming DBMS's using the paradigm of the component-orientation.

Concepts
The paradigm of component-orientation (CO) is a development of the object-orientation (OO) in programming and data modeling, leading toward the extreme the possibilities of reuse. In this model type, classes are aggregate in cells called components, that execute a role similar to the function in the structured programming, a way of processing information contemporary to the relational database model.

So the component-orientation mixes a set of features of its predecessor models. Understanding it is simpler while thinking of the visual component, that is an application which not being deployed into an executable or bytecode but otherwise turned to be linked by an icon inside another application, icon when one clicks on it implements certain tasks. Then this concepts can be extended to non-visual components.

In database activities, the component, visual or not, is an aggragate of classes, in the sense of OO, that can be linked to other ones by adapters.

As after the OO model conception data and code programming code are mixed in a cohesive body, there are some difficulties in conceiving where the CODB and CO programming are separate one from the other. Although this enigma is important in conceptual epistemological area, in practical data processing there isn't so importance in this question because of usage of mapping models to large scale used software, like the mappings called ORDBMS and CRDB (component-relational database), in which the separation of data and code are still well defined.

Implementation
In programming activity, the CO is often taken place with large-scale used OO languages (like C++, Java) with mapping adaptation. In designing the paradigm is supored by UML. In data modeling, data administration and database administration, the mapping adaptation is alike the ORDBMS paradigm. The adapted paradigm to component-based models is known as component-relational database (CRDB).

Advantages
The main advantage of the component-oriented thinking, as seen in early chapters, is the optimization of reusability of work. Going far away from the uses of OO models, the CO paradigm allows the use of ready to use applications as modules to new and bigger projects.

It is necessary to regard that these technical features are not achieved in traditional OO models, although the idea of component came up naturally from OO thinking. The basis support notions of OO like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism not necessarily leads to the idea of reusing applications as modules of new works. The CO thinking also assures that components are fully tested, as a real application, and thus there is in this model the paroxism of reuse, as well as the feature of understanability to end users, as corollary of the app->comp way of realizing the IT works.

Even using the same software that are present in OO paradigm, there are many specific consequences in the world of data-oriented activities. In analogous way, whole models composed of classes can be treated as a part (component) of a new more comprehensive model.

Bibliography
 Buschmann, Frank; Meunier, Regine; Rohnert, Hans; Sommerlad, peter. Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1. John Wiley & Sons, 1996, .
 Cho, Eun-Sun ; Han, Sang-Yong; Kim, Hyoung-Joo. A New Data Abstraction Layer Required For OODBMS, Proceedings of 1997 International Database engineering and Applications Symposium (IDEAS’97).
 Clemente, Pedro J.; Hernandez, Juan. Aspect Component Based Software Engineering, Proceedings of the Second AOSD Workshop on Aspects, Components, and Patterns for Infrastructure Software (ACP4IS), March 2003.
 Clements, Paul. From subroutines to subsystems: Component-Based Software Development. Brown, Allen. Component-Based Software Engineering: Selected Papers from Software Institute, 1996.
 Erich Gamma, Erich; Helm, Richerd; Johnson, Ralph; Vilssides, John. Design Patterns. Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, 1995, .
 Garcia-Molina, Hector; Ulman, Jeffrey D.; Widom, Jennifer, Database Systems – A complete book. Prentice Hall, 2002, .
 Pfister, C.;Szyperski, C.. Why Objects Are Not Enough, Proceedings of Component Users Conference, Munich, Germany, 1996.
 Rotaru, Octavian Paul;Dobre, Marian;Petrescu, Mircea. Integrity and Consistency Aspects in Component-Oriented Databases, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Innovation in Information.
 Stroustrup, Bjarne. Why C++ is not just an Object-Oriented Programming Language, Addendum to OOPSLA95 Proceedings, ACM OOPS Messenger, October 1995.

See also
 Object Database
 Relational model

References

Category:Object-oriented programming
Category:Database models


The Early Stories: 1953–1975

The Early Stories: 1953–1975, published in 2003 by Knopf, is a John Updike book collecting much of his short stories written from the beginning of his writing career, when he was just 21, until 1975. Only four stories published in this entire time period have been omitted from this collection by John Updike himself: "Intercession" (collected in The Same Door), and "The Pro", "One of My Generation", and "God Speaks" (collected in Museums and Women and Other Stories). The majority of the stories were originally published in The New Yorker magazine. In 2004, the book received the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.

Stories collected
The stories are not arranged chronologically but rather by theme into eight sections: "Olinger Stories" (from "You'll Never Know, Dear, How Much I Love You" to "In Football Season", same as the 1964 collection Olinger Stories), "Out in the World" (from "The Lucid Eye in Silver Town" to "At a Bar in Charlotte Amalie"), "Married Life" (from "Toward Evening" to "Nakedness"), "Family Life" (from "The Family Meadow" to "Daughter, Last Glimpses of"), "The Two Iseults" (from "Solitaire" to " I Will Not Let Thee Go, Except Thou Bless Me"), "Tarbox Tales" (from "The Indian" to "Eclipse"), "Far Out" (from "Archangel" to "The Sea's Green Sameness"), and "The Single Life" (from "The Bulgarian Poetess" to "Love Song, for a Moog Synthesizer").

Notes
1. Stories later collected in Too Far to Go (1979), which was later reprinted in 2009 as The Maples Stories.
2. Despite being published in 1976, this story was written a year earlier.

References

Category:Short story collections by John Updike
Category:2003 short story collections
Category:Works originally published in The New Yorker
Category:PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction-winning works


Ryan Moseley

Ryan Moseley (born 8 October 1982 in Bridgetown) is a Barbados-born Austrian sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres and 200 metres. He is several times Austrian champion sprinter for 60m, 100m and 200m track & field events.

Achievements

External links

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Austrian male sprinters
Category:Naturalised citizens of Austria
Category:Austrian people of Barbadian descent


Brandon Lynch

Brandon Lynch (born January 31, 1982 in Augusta, Georgia) is a former gridiron football linebacker who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. Brandon played high school football at Hephzibah High School. He was originally signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played college football at Middle Tennessee State.

Lynch has also been a member of the Indianapolis Colts.

External links
Just Sports Stats

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Augusta, Georgia
Category:American players of Canadian football
Category:Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football players
Category:Canadian football linebackers
Category:American football linebackers
Category:Tennessee Titans players
Category:Indianapolis Colts players


Nižná Rybnica

Nižná Rybnica is a small village and municipality in the Sobrance District in the Košice Region of east Slovakia.

History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1333.

Geography
The village lies at an altitude of 111 metres and covers an area of 8.999 km².

Culture
The village has a public library.

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/niznarybnica/nizna-rybnica.html
http://www.niznarybnica.sk

Category:Villages and municipalities in Sobrance District


Arvandkenar District

Arvandkenar () is a district (bakhsh) in Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25,010, in 4,930 families.  The District has one city: Arvandkenar. The District has three rural districts (dehestan): Minubar Rural District, Nasar Rural District, and Noabad Rural District.

References

Category:Abadan County

Category:Districts of Khuzestan Province


Preston Ware Orem

Preston Ware Orem (April 27, 1865 – December 20, 1938) was an American composer, pianist, and writer on music.  He is frequently grouped with other composers as part of the Indianist movement in American music.

Born in Philadelphia, Orem received his secondary education at the Eastburn Academy, and did his undergraduate work at the University of Pennsylvania, where he received his degree in music.  He studied organ and music theory with Hugh Archibald Clarke, and was instructed in piano by Charles H. Jarvis.  From 1889 until 1895 he served as the organist of St. Paul's Procathedral in Los Angeles; after this he returned home, teaching for one year at the Philadelphia Conservatory.  From 1896 until 1905 he taught at the Combs Conservatory of Music.  In 1900 Orem began a long association with Theodore Presser, serving as a music critic and editor for the publisher while conducting the Presser Choral Society.  From 1901 until 1910 he again worked as an organist, this time at the Walnut Street Presbyterian Church.  Orem also wrote theory books, including 1919's Harmony Book for Beginners, and compiled nine books of musical exercises.  It is for these that he is chiefly remembered.

As a composer, Orem was less interested than many of his contemporaries in the Indianist movement; still, as it was in fashion, it seems to have held a certain fascination for him.  He is numbered among its members mainly because of his American Indian Rhapsody, his most popular work.  Originally written for piano, but later scored for full orchestra, it contains reference to the music of the Cheyenne, Kiowa, Sioux, Chippewa, Pueblo, and Cree tribes, and is based on themes recorded and suggested by Thurlow Lieurance.  The Rhapsody has been described as very much a period piece, stylistically conventional and eclectic, post-Romantic and neo-Lisztian in its mannerisms and pretentiousness, its plethora of trills, arpeggios, broken chords, and repeated octaves (often thunderous), and its bravura display of virtuosity, with indications ranging from molto maestoso to allegretto scherzando, from andante affetuoso to allegro con brio, from amabile to feroce (the savage!). It is probably the most far-out Indianist composition ever written.

Orem composed other works as well, including a piano quartet, a quintet, large numbers of songs, some works for piano, and numerous transcriptions and arrangements; among the latter is a movement from one of Johann Sebastian Bach's solo cello suites, arranged for organ.  Orem died in Philadelphia in 1938.

A handful of Orem's piano works have been recorded by Naxos Records for release on the Marco Polo label, as part of a series documenting the work of Indianist composers.  In addition, the piano version of the American Indian Rhapsody may be found on a New World Records release of American romantic piano music.

Orem was credited by the Summy Company in 1935 with co-authoring the song - Happy Birthday to You.

Notes and references

External links

Category:1865 births
Category:1938 deaths
Category:American male composers
Category:American composers
Category:American music critics
Category:Musicians from Philadelphia
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
Category:Writers from Philadelphia


Fred Cress

Frederick Harold "Fred" Cress AM (10 July 1938 – 14 October 2009) was a British painter who migrated to Australia and won the Archibald Prize in 1988 with a portrait of John Beard.

Cress was born in Poona, British Raj, but went to England with his parents in 1948, when he was ten. He was educated at the Birmingham College of Art in England, and migrated to Australia in 1962 as a "ten pound Pom", meaning that he only had to pay ten pound for his fare to Australia.
Cress met the painter Anne Judell and married her in 1967, they divorced in 1991. He started his career painting figuratively, but became well known for his abstract work in the late 60s and 70s. He returned to figurative painting in the late 80s after he won the Archibald Prize with a portrait of his friend and colleague, John Beard.
He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2003 for services to visual arts.

In 1990 Cress bought a 17th-century stone farmhouse in Southern Burgundy, France. He spent the next 20 years of his life living half the year in France and half the year in Sydney with his partner, the photographer, Victoria Fernandez. Many of Cress's later works have visual references to his time spent in France.

Cress was diagnosed with prostate cancer in January 2003. In 2009 he declined to continue with treatment while he worked on his last exhibition, entitled 'End Game One', held in Australian Galleries, Paddington. He died on 14 October 2009.

Representation
 Buratti Fine Art, Perth    www.buratti.com.au
 Australian Galleries, Sydney

References

External links

Biography
AGNSW Fred Cress, Paintings 1988–1995
Fred Cress on Artabase

Category:1938 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Deaths from prostate cancer
Category:Deaths from cancer in New South Wales
Category:Australian painters
Category:Archibald Prize winners
Category:Members of the Order of Australia
Category:English emigrants to Australia
Category:20th-century British painters
Category:British male painters
Category:Archibald Prize People's Choice Award winners
Category:Alumni of the Birmingham School of Art


Ray Kennedy (disambiguation)

Ray Kennedy (born 1951) is English footballer for Arsenal and Liverpool.

Ray Kennedy may also refer to:

 Raymond Kennedy (1934–2008), American novelist
 Raymond Louis Kennedy (1946–2014), singer-songwriter and musician
 Raymond M. Kennedy (1891–1976), guiding light and architect of the Grauman's Chinese Theater
 Ray Kennedy (country singer) (born 1954), country music artist
 Ray Kennedy (pianist) (1957–2015), American jazz pianist
 Ray Kennedy (journalist) (born 1970), Irish journalist
 Ray Kennedy (baseball) (1895–1969), American baseball player, scout and executive


Shaal Pir Baba

Shaal Pir Baba (aka Khwaja Naqruddin) is a Sufi saint who was also a leader of the Moudodi Syed's in Balochistan and Sindh, today's Pakistan.

Khwaja Naqruddin Moudood Chishti migrated to Quetta 600 years ago from Chisht, today's Afghanistan and stayed near the city fort that gave the city its original name, Kwatta (mound of earth). Chishti was buried here after his death and his shrine lies close by.

Names
Khwaja Naqruddin got a second name "Shalpir Baba" from another of Quetta's early names, Shalkot. He was also known as "Nogazza Baba" (meaning 9 yards long), due to the length of his grave.

Life and family

Khwaja Naqruddin migrated from Chisht, near Herat in today's Afghanistan, to Quetta most likely during the rule of military general Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1335–1405).

His father was Syed Khwaja Nassar ud din Waleed in Chisht (727 AH-820 AH) who is buried in Chisht. One of his brothers, Khwaja Ibrahim Yukpasi (Pir Yukpassi), is buried in Mastung Balochistan. Another brother of his, Khwaja Nizam-ud-din Ali, is buried in Minziki, an area in the vicinity of Pishin city in Balochistan province of Pakistan.

His exact date of death is not known, but his brothers Khwaja Ibrahim Yukpasi and Khwaja Nizamuddin Ali lived from 1359 CE to 1455 CE and 1308 CE to 1405 CE, respectively. Naqruddin fathered Khwaja Wali Kirani Moudoodi Chishti, The descendants of Khwaja are reported to have rendered services during the First Anglo-Afghan War, led by Mubarak Shah. The Chishti Syeds in the Kirani Tehsil claim these descendants as their ancestors. Khwaja Naqruddin was responsible for the later flourishing of the Moudodi Syed's in Balochistan and Sindh, India.

Descendants
Khwaja Ibrahim is considered to be the father of Chishti Syed's living in Mastung, Dhadar and Katchi areas.

Khwaja Naqruddin's son Khwaja Wali Kirani Moudodi Chishti Kirani was buried in Kirani, a small village in the west of Quetta valley. Almost half of the western part of Quetta was given to him as a gift. The land remains in his name in government records. It included the western part of the city from Shiekh Manda Samungli to Lakpass including the mountains, going up to Mian Ghandi. Most of Wali Kirani's descendants migrated to in Balochistan and Sindh. In Balochistan his descendants settled in Sindh and are more prosperous. People from his Chishti line are living in Nawab Shah. Their forefather is believed to be Syed Imam Ali Shah. His descendants are spread throughout Tando Adam and Mirpur Khas.

Family tree
 Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib, buried at the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq .{March 17, 599 - February 28, 661 aged 61}
 Imam Husayn ibn Ali, buried at the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq. (B4h D60h)
 Imam Hassan ibn Alial-Sajjad, Zainu l-Abidin, buried in Jannat al-Baqi Medina.(B-h D94h)
 Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir al-Ulum Buried in Jannat al Baqi Medina.(B-h D114h)
 Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq al-Sadiq - in Jannat al-Baqi Medina.(B80h D148h)
 Imam Musa al-Kadhimal-Kazim in the Kadhimiya in Baghdad Iraq .(B128h D183h)
 Imam Ali ibn Musa ar-Rida in the Imam Reza shrine Mashad.(B153h D203h)
 Imam Muhammad ibn Ali at-Taqi al-Jawad in the Kadhimiya in Baghdad Iraq.(B195h D220h)
 Imam Ali al-Hadi an-Naqi in the Al Askari Mosque in Samarra Iraq.(B214h D254h)
 Syed Imam Abdullah Ali Akbar bin Hasan al Askari. (B238h D292h)
 Abu Muhammed Al Hussain in Chist Hirat Afghanistan. (B---h D352h)
 Abu Abdullah Muhammed in Chisht Herat Afghanistan. (B270h D324h)
 Abu Jaffer Ibrahim in Chisht Herat Afghanistan.(B-h D370h)
 Shamsu d-Din Abu Nassar Muhammed Saman in jalanadhar India. (B-h D398h)
 Abu Yusuf Bin Saamaan in Chisht Herat Afghanistan. (B375h D459h)
 Qutubuddin Maudood Chishti in Chisht Herat Afghanistan.(B430h D527h)
 Rukunuddin Hussain Chishti in Chisht Herat Afghanistan.(B545h D635h)
 Qudwaddin Mohammad in Chisht Herat Afghanistan. (B584h D624h)
 Qutubuddin
 Aududdin Khwaha Abu Ahmed Syed Muhammed in Chisht, Herat, Afghanistan
 Taqiuddin Yusuf in Chisht Herat Afghanistan. (B662h D745h)
 Nassar ud din Waleed in Chisht Herat Afghanistan. (B727h D820h)
 Khwaja Nasratuddin alias Shaal Pir Baba Chishti Moudodi  in Quetta, Cant, Balochistan, Pakistan.

See also

 Maudood Chishti
 Khwaja Wali Kirani

References

 Sources
  Balochistan District Gazetteer Series, Books.Google.com.
  Balochistan Through the Ages : Tribes, Books.Google.com.
 Tazkara-e-Syed Moudodi, idara-e-maarife Islam, Mansoora Lahore܂
 Sair-ul-aolia, Urdu and Persian edition, written by Amir Khurd܂
 Maraat-ul-israr by Abdul Rehman Chishti Quds Sira܂
 Trirekh-e-mashaikh-e-Chisht by Doctor Inamu l-Haq܂
 Safinat-ul-Arifeen܂
 Tazkara-e-Ghuas o Qutub܂
 Shijra-e-Maoroosi Sadat Kirani܂
 The mashkiah of Chisht by Shaikh Muhammed Zakariyya Kandhalwi
 The Origin of the Chishti Order

Category:Indian Sufi saints
Category:Indian Sufi religious leaders
Category:Chishtis
Category:Quetta District
Category:People from Quetta


Stade Malien de Bamako

REDIRECT Stade Malien


Rawal, Uttar Pradesh

Rawal is a village in Mathura district of Mahavan Tehsil, Uttar Pradesh, India and there are about 409 families living here and it is a small village which is situated in the foothills of river Yamuna.

Member of parliament Hema Malini has adopted the village under the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana announced by Prime Minister of India.

Demography
The residents or natives of Rawal and surroundings are called Brijwasi. The village had a population of 2753 at the time of the 2011 census of India.

Geography
Rawal village on the east bank of Yamuna river, which is  distant.

Administration
Bhidauni is administrated by a Pradhan (Head of Village) who is an elected representative. The village follows the Panchayati raj system.

List of Gram Pradhan

Education

Schools
 Prathmik Vidyalaya Rawal

Colleges

Transportation

Rail
Mathura Railway Junction

Road
Rawal Village is well connected to Mathura - Baldev Road.

Nearby villages

Cities

 Aligarh
 Khair
 Mathura
 Noida
 Vrindavan
 Hodal
 Hathras
 Bajna
 Raya
 Surir

Villages & town

 Auhawa Bangar
 Kewat Nagla
 Shihavan Bangar
 Bhadanwara
 Bera, Mathura
 Karahari

References

Category:Villages in Mathura district


OpenBitTorrent

OpenBitTorrent (commonly abbreviated OBT) is an open BitTorrent tracker project for the BitTorrent protocol.

Description
OpenBitTorrent's initiative to provide a free, stable service with no ties to indexing sites or even hosting torrent files has been a public success and it has spawned several copies with almost identical services.

OpenBitTorrent has been suspected of being a part of, or a side project of, The Pirate Bay, because it was observed early on that both sites used the same trackers. The OpenBitTorrent project has countered by stating that the sites merely shared a tracker cluster operated by DCP Networks and Fredrik Neij during a startup period (February through August 2009).

On 22 May 2010, the OpenBitTorrent tracker was shut down. This was a result of a case against The Pirate Bay by many major Hollywood studios. Later the tracker came back online.

OpenBitTorrent is powered by the opentracker software. The Pirate Bay also used the opentracker software, before they shut down their own tracker.

From 16 July to 2 August 2012, OpenBitTorrent went offline protesting the lack of adoption of a protocol improvement by the makers of uTorrent, that was proposed by Pirate Bay co-founder Fredrik Neij. As a result of the protest, many people had trouble downloading files on BitTorrent.

From 5 December to 30 December 2014, the OpenBitTorrent website and tracker was unreachable, this may have been linked to the arrest of Pirate Bay co-founder Fredrik Neij.

On 5 May 2015, the OpenBitTorrent tracker was back online although the website still did not display the tracker address.

The website was shut down again in July 2017, but came back online for a while in late 2018 and was unresponsive again in late 2019.

See also
Comparison of BitTorrent sites

References

External links

Category:BitTorrent websites
Category:Notorious markets


Culladiella sinuimargo

Culladiella sinuimargo is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in South Africa.

References

Category:Crambinae
Category:Moths described in 1919


InterFaith Conference of Metropolitan Washington

The InterFaith Council of Metropolitan Washington (IFC or IFCMW) is an interfaith non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C.. The organization was founded in 1978 and the Reverend Clark Lobenstine served as the first Executive Director from 1979-2014. Rabbi Gerry Serotta is the current Executive Director. The IFC brings together eleven historic faith communities to promote dialogue, understanding and community and to work on projects of common interest throughout the DC region. Through its events, resources and collaborations, IFC aspires to uphold the worth and dignity of all people and all life, to provide opportunities for interfaith engagement, increase religious literacy and promote mutual respect among diverse faiths.

History
In an interview with the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs in 2011, Executive Director Lobenstine said, "The Interfaith Conference was founded by the Islamic, Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish communities and was the first organization to engage the Islamic community back in a metropolitan area in both interfaith dialogue and interfaith collaboration for justice in 1978. Since then Baha’i, Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Latter Day Saint, Sikh, and Zoroastrian believers have joined. We now represent eleven faith-based communities. The founders before I started were clear that the Conference wouldn’t do service, but rather enact justice by building a just community as well as through interfaith dialogue. These principles continue to guide us still and our Center for Nurturing Understanding is focused on applying those ideals to young people."

IFC Member Faiths
 Bahá'í
 Buddhist
 Hindu
 Islamic
 Jain
 Jewish
 Mormon
 Protestant
 Roman Catholic
 Sikh
 Zoroastrian

Goals and Programs

Upholding the Worth and Dignity of all People and all Life

 In our collaboration with Interfaith Power & Light, IFC promotes stewardship for the Earth and helps diverse religious communities find their own religious response to climate change by providing opportunities for education and action.
 Serves more than 300,000 people in need of critical services throughout metropolitan Washington with IFC’s up-to-date online Emergency Resources Directory, a searchable database of approximately 400 direct social service providers.
 Through our WIROC (Washington Interfaith Response and Outreach Coalition) initiative, IFC provides grassroots, public demonstrations of support by and for individuals and communities throughout the Greater DC Area and engages in pro-active outreach opportunities throughout the year.

Providing Opportunities for Interfaith Engagement

 Organizes the annual Interfaith Concert. Each fall, this “Celebration of the Sacred in Song, Dance and Chant” features singers, musicians, and dancers as well as other luminaries from half a dozen traditions.
 Sponsors the annual Interfaith Bridge Builders’ Awards, which celebrates the achievements of leaders in the DC region who have committed themselves tirelessly to building a more pluralistic society.
 Convenes the annual DC Interfaith Leadership Summit, a day of focused dialogue among young DC area leaders from a variety of faith traditions.
 Supports the Interfaith Dinner Dialogue Program in neighborhoods throughout the region.

Increasing Religious Literacy and Promoting Mutual Respect

 Sponsors the annual Unity Walk. Each September, this walk along “Embassy Row” brings together diverse people in a public demonstration of unity and solidarity.
 Resources educational institutions and promotes the study of comparative religions, especially through the Strengthening Teaching About Religion (STAR) book and its supplements.
 Through the Interfaith Speaker’s Bureau, IFC provides diverse speakers on topics of interest to the community.
 Sponsors a multi-faith worship service to commemorate MLK’s Birthday each year.
 Other special activities related to significant events in the history of interfaith relations.

The IFC is an affiliate member of the Washington Theological Consortium.

References

External links
 InterFaith Conference of Metropolitan Washington
 Facebook page
 Twitter account

Category:Interfaith organizations
Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Category:1978 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Category:Religious organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Category:Religious organizations established in 1978