John Day River

The John Day River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately  long, in northeastern Oregon in the United States. Undammed along its entire length, the river is the third longest free-flowing river in the contiguous United States. There is extensive use of its waters for irrigation. Its course furnishes habitat for diverse species, including wild steelhead and Chinook salmon runs. However, the steelhead populations are under federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) protections, and the Chinook salmon have been proposed for such protection.

The river was named for John Day, a member of the Pacific Fur Company's overland expedition to the mouth of the Columbia River that left Missouri in 1810. Day struggled through eastern Oregon during the winter of 1811–12. While descending the Columbia River in April 1812, he and Ramsay Crooks were robbed and stripped naked by Native Americans at the mouth of the river that now bears his name, forcing them to hike  back to friendly Umatilla Indians under extreme conditions.

The absence of dams on the river causes its flow to greatly fluctuate throughout the year depending on snowpack and rainfall within the watershed. The highest flow recorded at a gauge on the lower John Day was  on January 2, 1997. The lowest flow was no flow at all, which occurred on September 2, 1966; from August 15 to September 16, 1973; and on nine days in August 1977. The average flow at the gauge is .

Drainage basin
Through its tributaries, the river drains much of the western side of the Blue Mountains, flowing across the sparsely populated arid part of the state east of the Cascade Range in a northwest zigzag, then entering the Columbia upstream from the Columbia River Gorge. It flows through exceptionally scenic canyons in its upper course, with several significant paleontological sites along its banks. Elevations within the watershed range from  at the river's mouth to more than  in the Strawberry Mountains.

The main branch of the John Day River rises in the Strawberry Mountains in eastern Grant County. The North Fork heads on the western slope of the Elkhorn Mountains in northeastern Grant County. The Middle Fork rises near the crest of the Blue Mountains on the eastern edge of Grant County.  The South Fork's source is in northern Harney County, about  south of the Grant County line.  The main, south and middle forks each have their heads in different parts of the Malheur National Forest, while the North Fork's source is located within in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. The main fork flows initially north, then west through the John Day Valley and through the cities of Prairie City, John Day and Mount Vernon. At Dayville, in western Grant County, it is joined from the south by the South Fork John Day River, then flows north through Picture Gorge and the Sheep Rock Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.

At Kimberly in northwestern Grant County, it is joined from the east by the North Fork John Day River (which had already joined with the Middle Fork John Day River above Monument, Grant County, Oregon).  The river then flows west across Wheeler County. At the county line with Jefferson County it flows north, past the Clarno Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. As it approaches the Columbia River in north-central Oregon it flows in an increasingly meandering course, forming the boundary between Sherman County to the west and Gilliam County to the east.

The John Day River joins the Columbia from the southeast approximately  northeast of Biggs. The mouth of the river is on the narrow Lake Umatilla reservoir, formed on the Columbia by the John Day Dam, approximately  downstream from the mouth of the John Day.

Recreation and ecosystem
The John Day is navigable by rafts and other small river craft by boaters who obtain permits provided by the BLM. The practice of a federal agency requiring person to obtain and pay for a permit to navigate the river is seriously called into questioned by the Oregon Admission Act of 1859, which specifically states, "... said rivers and waters, and all the navigable waters of said State, shall be common highways and forever free, as well as to the inhabitants of said State as to all other citizens of the United States, without any tax, duty, impost, or toll therefor."  This is not only a federal statute, but is also codified as a state statute [11 Stat. 383 (1859)], and is a term and condition of statehood.

Its lower course is used for irrigation of cropland and ranching. In 1988, the United States Congress designated  of the river from Service Creek to Tumwater Falls as Wild and Scenic for its recreational opportunities. The segment of the river is a popular destination for anadromous steelhead and warm water bass fishing, as well as whitewater rafting.

In addition to wild spring chinook salmon and bass, the river furnishes habitat for Columbia River redband trout, bull trout, and westslope cutthroat trout. There are no hatchery salmon or steelhead released in the John Day River.

See also
List of rivers of Oregon
List of longest streams of Oregon
List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers
Lost Blue Bucket Mine, a lost mine believed to be somewhere on the John Day

References

Works cited

External links

National Park Service: John Day Wild and Scenic River
 National Wild and Scenic Rivers System

Category:Rivers of Oregon
Category:Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States
Category:Rivers of Grant County, Oregon
Category:Rivers of Wheeler County, Oregon
Category:Rivers of Sherman County, Oregon
Category:Rivers of Gilliam County, Oregon
Category:John Day Fossil Beds National Monument
Category:Malheur National Forest
Category:Umatilla National Forest
Category:Wallowa–Whitman National Forest


Chinese emperors family tree

This a list of articles containing Chinese emperors family trees:

Chinese emperors family tree (ancient)
Chinese emperors family tree (early)
Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
Chinese emperors family tree (late)

Category:Chinese nobility


Banbury Music Radio

Banbury Music Radio was a local Internet radio station in Banbury, Oxfordshire, England that showcased bands from all around Oxfordshire, Berkshire, and other local areas.

History
In November 2007, the station's website gave its address as  BMR, Frampton House, 26 Horse Fair, Banbury, Oxon, OX16 0AE.

By 2010, it had adopted the name Banbury Internet Radio at the Internet domain   In May 2014, the Banbury Internet Radio page said, "Banbury Internet Radio is currently off-air".

In early May 2014, the domain  existed, but the connection to the earlier radio station was not clear.

References

External links

Category:Radio stations in Oxfordshire
Category:Banbury


Prince George (1828 ship)

Prince George was launched in 1828 at Newcastle upon Tyne. She was an East Indiaman, initially sailing under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She made two voyages to South Australia, carrying 200 Prussian immigrants on the first. She was wrecked in July 1841 near Hong Kong.

Career
Captain Henry Wright, of South Shields, acquired Prince George on 27 May 1828. He moved to London in 1829 and transferred Prince Georges registry from Newcastle to London.

In 1813 the EIC had lost its monopoly on the trade between India and Britain. British ships were then free to sail to India or the Indian Ocean under a license from the EIC. Prince George first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1830 with Donaldson, master, Wright, owner, and trade London–Ceylon. In 1835 Henry Wright moved back to Newcastle. Prince George was registered there on 6 January 1835.

On 31 July 1838 Captain Frederick Bigger Chilcott sailed from Hamburg, bound for Port Adelaide. She was under charter to George Fife Angas's  South Australia Company. She arrived at Port Adelaide on 18 November. She was transporting 207 passengers, consisting of Germans, including Pastor August Kavel, plus seven others (four adults and three children). The Germans were the first Prussian settlers to South Australia.

Prince George made a second voyage to South Australia. She sailed from Calcutta on 12 May 1839 and arrived at  Nepean Bay, South Australia on 2 September 1839.

Fate
On 21 August 1841 a typhoon developed at Macao and Hong Kong. Price George went to pieces but her crew was saved and taken aboard Queen.

Citations and references

References
 "Ships arriving in South Australia 1838", Pioneers Association of South Australia
 "Shipping Arrivals", South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society Inc
 "Prince George", Private homepage of Graeme Moad
 "Prince George (dep Hamburg) 1838", Private webpages of DIANE CUMMINGS

Category:Barques
Category:1828 ships
Category:Ships built on the River Tyne
Category:Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Category:Maritime incidents in July 1841
Category:Migrant ships to Australia


Macquarie Fields, New South Wales

Macquarie Fields is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Macquarie Fields is located 38 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.

Macquarie Fields is surrounded by bushland. Nearby Macquarie Links, is a high-security housing estate beside an international standard golf course. The suburb has multiple high schools including Macquarie Fields High School and James Meehan High School.

History
The original inhabitants of the Macquarie Fields area were the Darug people of western Sydney. The rich soil of the area was home to an abundance of plants which in turn attracted animals such as kangaroos and emus, both of which along with yams and other native vegetables and fruit were part of the diet of the Darug. They lived in small huts called gunyahs, made spears, tomahawks and boomerangs for hunting and had an elaborate system of tribal law and rituals with its origins in the Dreamtime. However, following the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, they were pushed off their land by the British settlers.

Macquarie Fields was named by early landholder James Meehan in honour of the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie. The area was surveyed by Meehan in the early 19th century. Although transported to Australia as a convict for his role in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, Meehan had trained as a surveyor in Ireland and in 1803 was appointed an assistant to NSW Surveyor-General Charles Grimes. In 1806 he was granted a full pardon and in 1810 became Surveyor-General. For his work, he was granted a number of parcels of land including  in what is now Macquarie Fields and neighboring suburbs. He used the rich soil to grow cereal crops, fruit trees and to graze livestock.

The property changed hands a couple of times after Meehan's death and in the 1840s, Samuel Terry built a Regency mansion, Macquarie Fields House, which still stands to this day. It is now listed on the Register of the National Estate. In 1883, then owner William Phillips subdivided the land to create a new town he called Glenwood Estate with grand boulevards and fine buildings. A railway station was added to the line in 1888 but the depression of the 1890s meant the grand town failed to materialize with only a few small houses built on the lots. In the next Great Depression of the 1930s, the area became popular with the homeless who made makeshift huts, not unlike those of the earlier Darug people.

After World War II, the village grew steadily. A public school was opened in 1958 and by 1971, the population reached 3700. In the mid-1970s, a large Housing Commission development was built on the east side of town and given the suburb names of Bunbury (later Guise) and Curran after the local creek. Residents of the privately owned areas of Macquarie Fields were strongly opposed to the new developments being included in their suburb and this continued well into the 1980s. Since that time, local authorities have tried to blend the area into a single suburb. Private housing developments sprung up further around and the weight of population contributed to a larger town center.

Heritage listings
Macquarie Fields has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Quarter Sessions Road: Macquarie Field House

Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, 13,714 people live in Macquarie Fields .
 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.1% of the population.
 53.6% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were Bangladesh 5.2%, India 4.3%, New Zealand 3.0%, Fiji 2.6% and Philippines 2.6%.
 51.8% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Bengali 7.1%, Arabic 4.2%, Hindi 3.4%, Samoan 3.3% and Marathi 2.3%.
 The most common responses for religion were Catholic 19.8%, No Religion 16.3%, Islam 12.8% and Anglican 12.1%.
 The most common occupations  Clerical and Administrative Workers 15.6%, Labourers 14.6%, Professionals 14.2%, Machinery Operators and Drivers 14.2%, and Technicians and Trades Workers 12.5%.

Notable people
Brett Emerton attended Macquarie Fields Public School and Macquarie Fields High School and played for the local soccer club, Gunners United Soccer Club.

Transport

Macquarie Fields railway station is serviced by the Airport & South Line of the Sydney Trains network.

Macquarie Fields is serviced by four Interline bus routes:
870 Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool Station
871 Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool Station
872 Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool Station
876 Eucalyptus Drive to Macquarie Fields Station

Sport and recreation
The town is home to Macquarie Fields Leisure Centre, which contains an indoor aquatic center and an outdoor Olympic sized swimming pool. It also encompasses a gymnasium and indoor sports facilities.
There is also a number of sporting fields in the town. Sporting fields include Bensley Road, Hazlet Oval, Monarch Oval and Third Avenue.

Services
Macquarie Fields contains the WorkVentures Connect Centre at Macquarie Fields.

References

External links
 History of Macquarie Fields, from the City of Campbelltown Council.
  [CC-By-SA]

Category:Suburbs of Sydney


Megacraspedus violacellum

Megacraspedus violacellum is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Pierre Chrétien in 1915. It is found in North Africa, where it has been recorded from Algeria and Tunisia.

References

Category:Moths described in 1915
Category:Megacraspedus


Constitution of Yugoslavia

The Constitution of Yugoslavia may refer to:

Chronology
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
 1921 Vidovdan Constitution

 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929)
 1931 Yugoslav Constitution

 Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
 1946 Yugoslav Constitution
 1953 Yugoslav Constitution

 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 1963 Yugoslav Constitution
 1974 Yugoslav Constitution

 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 1992 Yugoslav Constitution

Yugoslavia


Ivy Gunter

Ivy Stephenson Gunter (born June 22, 1950 in Bellevue, Ohio) is an amputee, fashion model, osteosarcoma survivor, inspirational speaker, and fitness enthusiast. She is the author of the book On the Ragged Edge of Drop Dead Gorgeous.

In early 1980 she was diagnosed with bone cancer in her right leg, leading to its amputation. Five months after surgery, she returned to filming, with wigs and a prosthetic leg. She returned to modeling shortly thereafter. Gunter was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1993.

References

Category:American memoirists
Category:Female models from Ohio
Category:American amputees
Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Bellevue, Ohio
Category:Women memoirists


Luísa, Duchess of Cadaval

Luísa of Braganza, Duchess of Cadaval (; January 9, 1679 in Lisbon – December 23, 1732 in Évora) was a natural daughter of Portuguese King Peter II and a Portuguese lady named Maria da Cruz Mascarenhas.

She was raised among the family of secretary of state Francisco Correia de Lacerda and after that at the Monastery of Carnide with her aunt Maria of Braganza (natural daughter of John IV of Portugal). Luísa married D. Luís and after his death married D. Jaime de Melo, respectively 2nd and 3rd dukes of Cadaval.

She died in Évora, Alentejo, and is buried at the Convent of Saint John the Evangelist in the same city.

References
"D. Luísa. filha de D. Pedro II: uma princesa duas vezes duquesa" by Luís de Bivar Guerra, in "Miscelânia Histórica de Portugal", nº 2, 1982

External links
Genealogical information on Luísa de Bragança

Category:1679 births
Category:1732 deaths
Category:House of Braganza
Category:Illegitimate children of Portuguese monarchs
Category:People from Lisbon
Category:Portuguese royalty
Category:17th-century Portuguese people
Category:18th-century Portuguese people


Xtreme Sports (video game)

Xtreme Sports is a video game developed by WayForward Technologies for the Game Boy Color. It was initially published by Infogrames and first released in North America on June 28, 2000. The game is similar to one of WayForward's PC games, Xtreme Sports Arcade: Summer Edition (1999). The artist of Xtreme Sports would later go on to continue work with the Shantae series.

Gameplay
In Xtreme Sports, players compete against more than 200 computer-controlled opponents on 25 different tracks in sports such as street luge, skateboarding, inline skating, surfing and skyboarding. At the start of the game, players choose between characters Guppi and Fin and set off on a trip sponsored by the Xtreme Cola Company, which has invited all extreme sports athletes to Xtreme Sports Island to compete in a tournament. Among the people players encounter are the members of the Bone-Heads gang, who are the antagonists. The player's objective is to unravel the mystery behind them and win the tournament at the same time.

There are two modes available: Practice and Xtreme Island Adventure. In the former, players can participate in 15 different challenges with 3 difficulty settings. In the latter, players move around the island participating in events and exploring the surroundings. Some of the people players meet will give the player clues to solving the mystery of the Bone-Heads while others will issue challenges to compete in various sports. Players collect medals as the player win events. Players must win a certain number of easier challenges before the referees will allow the player into the tougher ones. Along the way, players can also find Twitchy Shakes, which are special drinks that will increase the player's abilities depending on the next event the player enters. Players may be able to attain higher speeds or even become invincible.

Development and release
Laddie Ervin, director of marketing for sports and racing titles at Infogrames North America, Inc., stated, "Xtreme Sports will get the adrenaline pumping for Game Boy gamers this summer [...] From skysurfing to skateboarding to street luge, Xtreme Sports will challenge even the most devoted sports addict." The game was known to not support Link Cable play and was set for a June 2000 release.

Reception

AllGame stated, "Xtreme Sports is a game aimed at a teen audience that doesn't go for normal sports titles, but the variety of events should appeal to almost anyone. The characters and theme are definitely weak points, but all in all Xtreme Sports is a solid game. Besides, how many Game Boy Color games let you surf, skateboard, skyboard, luge, and rollerblade in one package?" AllGame also stated, "The cartoon-style graphics seem to be Disney's interpretation of what teenagers look like. The game's visuals may not appeal to some, but the action is still enjoyable." GameSpot noted, "Xtreme Sports is definitely going to be an unsung hit. Rare is a portable sports title this rich. Its premise is unique and its execution is artful. There is definitely some fun to be had with this." IGN complained that "the biggest problem in Xtreme Sports is its maniacal pace -- the levels and game are well thought out, but all of them require a fast speed and a LOT of quick reaction on the buttons. Your characters are rather large on-screen, and there's not much head's up [sic] when obstacles approach or when the platforms go in different directions [...] Lots of practice is necessary for Xtreme Sports. Maybe that's why they included a Practice mode right up front." Despite this, IGN praised the game's graphics, commenting, "This is one of if not the most beautifully-styled games I've seen on the Game Boy Color."

References

External links

Category:2000 video games
Category:Dreamcast games
Category:Extreme sports video games
Category:Game Boy Color games
Category:Video games developed in Norway
Category:Video games developed in the United States
Category:Infogrames games
Category:Virtual Console games
Category:Windows games


Battle of Amgala

The Battle of Amgala may refer to:

First Battle of Amgala (1976)
Battle of Amgala (1989)


Charlie Withers

Charlie Withers (6 September 1922 – 7 June 2005) was a professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur, Boston United  and represented the England B team.

Football career
Withers joined the Spurs as a junior and signed as a professional in October 1947. He played in the position of full back and completed 164 games and scored ten times in all competitions between 1947–55. An integral member of the push and run Championship winning side of 1950–51 when he featured in 39 games. On leaving Spurs, Withers transferred to Boston United.

Honours
Tottenham Hotspur

Football League First Division Winners: 1950–51

External links
A-Z of Tottenham Hotspur players

References
http://www.bufc.drfox.org.uk/rollcall.html List of Boston United players.

Category:1922 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:People from Edmonton, London
Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Category:Boston United F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football defenders


Last of the Romans

The term Last of the Romans () has historically been used to describe a person thought to embody the values of Ancient Roman civilization—values which, by implication, became extinct on his death. It has been used to describe a number of individuals. The first recorded instance was Julius Caesar's description of Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger as the one with whom the old Roman spirit would become extinct.

List of people described as the "Last of the Romans"
 Gaius Cassius Longinus (d. 42 BC), so called by Brutus and by the ancient historian Aulus Cremutius Cordus.
 Gaius Asinius Pollio (BC 75 – AD 4), one of the last great orators and writers of the Roman Republic.
 Valentinian I (321–375), the last Western Emperor to campaign extensively on both sides of the Rhine and Danube frontiers.
 Valens (328–378), "the Last True Roman"  Eastern Emperor (and brother of Valentinian I) who led his army to a catastrophic defeat in the Battle of Adrianople.
 Stilicho, a powerful Vandalic-Roman general in the early 5th century. Also called "the last of the Roman generals" in Chapter XXX of Edward Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
 Flavius Aëtius (396?–454), a general in the late Western Roman Empire who defended the Gauls against the Franks and other barbarians, and defeated Attila in the Catalaunian Fields  near Châlons, in 451. So called by Procopius.
 Count Boniface (died 432), a general in the late Western Roman Empire. Rival of Flavius Aëtius. So called by Procopius.
 Galla Placidia (388-450), empress consort to Constantius III and mother of Valentinian III, she was "the last Roman empress"  and de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire from 425-437.
 Majorian (420–461), Roman Emperor between 457 and 461. He was the last emperor universally recognized as the de facto ruler of the entire western empire, briefly reconquering most of the lost territories in Gaul and Hispania .
 Ambrosius Aurelianus (5th century), a Romano-British military commander against the Anglo-Saxon invasion. So called by Gildas.
 Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (480–525?), one of the last great philosophers of Rome. He was regarded as last of the Romans and first of the medieval scholastics by Martin Grabmann.
 Gildas (fl. early 6th century), Romano-British clergyman and writer.
 Justinian I "the Great" (482?–565), second of the Justinian Dynasty, and probably the last Byzantine emperor to speak Latin as a first language.
 Flavius Belisarius (505?–565), a widely acclaimed general of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian, known for his reconquest of portions of the Western Empire.
 Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 – c. 580), Roman statesman and writer.
 Gregory the Great (540?–604), an influential Pope and native to Rome.
 Desiderius of Cahors (580?–655), Gallo-Roman aristocrat and bishop.

In England
 William Congreve, called "Ultimus Romanorum" by Alexander Pope.
 Samuel Johnson, called "Ultimus Romanorum" by Thomas Carlyle.

In the United States
In the United States, "last of the Romans" was used on numerous occasions during the early 19th century as an epithet for the political leaders and statesmen who participated in the American Revolution by signing the United States Declaration of Independence, taking part in the American Revolutionary War, or established the United States Constitution.

List of rulers who, in a more literal sense, also could be described as "Last of the Romans"
 Romulus Augustulus (deposed 476), the last de facto Western Roman Emperor.
 Julius Nepos (died 480), the last de jure Western Roman Emperor.
 Ovida (?–480) the last Roman commander in Illyricum, defeated and killed by Odoacer.
 Syagrius (430–486/487), the last Roman commander in Gaul (hailed as "King of the Romans") before the invasion of the Franks.
 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (died 1282), the last Prince of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, the last post-Roman (Romano-British) successor state to fall in the West.
 Constantine XI Paleologus (died 1453), the last Eastern Roman Emperor.
 David II Komnenos (died 1463), final emperor of Trebizond and de facto final Roman Emperor after Constantine XI.

References

Category:Titles
Category:Western Roman Empire

Category:Honorary titles


List of suffixed Interstate Highways

In the United States, there are currently seven "suffixed" Interstate Highways that are signed in some way. In addition to the Interstate 35 split into Interstate 35E and Interstate 35W at Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, a similar split into Interstate 35E and Interstate 35W at Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, exists, as well as Interstate 69C, Interstate 69E and Interstate 69W in South Texas. Interstate 480N in Ohio exists and is designated as such on mile markers but is otherwise unsigned. The state of Maryland has several unsigned suffixed Interstate designations that are designated by Maryland's State Highway Administration, rather than by the FHWA. However, there were once many more, as the three-digit Interstates were not designated until after all major routes were assigned numbers, including some short connections and spurs. (A few of the shortest, including I-190 and I-195, were assigned three-digit numbers almost immediately.) Most were not equal splits like on I-35, but had the main route continue through, and often the suffixed route never returned to its parent. In 1980, AASHTO abolished the majority of suffixes due to confusion, renumbering them as three-digit Interstates, but several that return to their parents were kept. For example, Interstate 15E has since become Interstate 215, but both I-35E/I-35W and I-69 splits still exist, the I-69 splits being recently designated.

List

References

External links

Suffixed
Category:Lists of roads in the United States


185th Aviation Regiment (United States)

185th Aviation Regiment is a Aviation regiment of the United States Army.

Structure

 1st Battalion
 Headquarters and Headquarters Company
 Detachment 2 at Army Aviation Support Facility #1, Barrow County Airport (GA ARNG)
 Company A (UH-60)
 Company C (UH-60) at Army Aviation Support Facility #1, Barrow County Airport (GA ARNG)
 Company D (UH-60)
 Detachment 2 at Army Aviation Support Facility #1, Barrow County Airport (GA ARNG)
 Company E
 Detachment 2 at Army Aviation Support Facility #1, Barrow County Airport (GA ARNG)

References

185


List of Cultural Properties of Japan - structures (Ehime)

This list is of the Cultural Properties of Japan designated in the category of  for the Prefecture of Ehime.

National Cultural Properties
As of 1 July 2015, forty-eight Important Cultural Properties (including three *National Treasures) with one hundred and nineteen component structures have been designated, being of national significance.

Prefectural Cultural Properties
As of 27 March 2015, thirty properties have been designated at a prefectural level.

Municipal Cultural Properties
As of 1 May 2014, two hundred and forty-one properties have been designated at a municipal level.

Registered Cultural Properties
As of 1 July 2015, one hundred and ten properties have been registered (as opposed to designated) at a national level.

See also
 Cultural Properties of Japan
 National Treasures of Japan
 List of Historic Sites of Japan (Ehime)
 List of Cultural Properties of Japan - paintings (Ehime)
 List of Cultural Properties of Japan - historical materials (Ehime)
 List of Cultural Properties of Japan - archaeological materials (Ehime)

References

External links
  Cultural Properties in Ehime Prefecture

Category:Architecture of Japan
Category:Buildings and structures in Ehime Prefecture
Ehime
Category:Lists of Cultural Properties of Japan


Victor Sjöström

Victor David Sjöström (; 20 September 1879 – 3 January 1960), sometimes known in the United States as Victor Seastrom, was a pioneering Swedish film director, screenwriter, and actor. He began his career in Sweden, before moving to Hollywood in 1924. Sjöström worked primarily in the silent era; his best known films include The Phantom Carriage (1921), He Who Gets Slapped (1924), and The Wind (1928). Sjöström was Sweden's most prominent director in the "Golden Age of Silent Film" in Europe. Later in life, he played the leading role in Ingmar Bergman's Wild Strawberries (1957).

Biography
Born in Årjäng/Silbodal, in the Värmland region of Sweden, he was only a year old when his father, Olof Adolf Sjöström, moved the family to Brooklyn, New York. His mother died when he was seven years old in 1886. Sjöström returned to Sweden where he lived with relatives in Stockholm, beginning his acting career at 17 as a member of a touring theater company.

Drawn from the stage to the fledgling motion picture industry, he made his first film in 1912 under the direction of Mauritz Stiller. Between then and 1923, he directed another forty-one films in Sweden, some of which are now lost. Those surviving include The Sons of Ingmar (1919), Karin, Daughter of Ingmar (1920) and The Phantom Carriage (1921), all based on stories by the Nobel Prize–winning novelist Selma Lagerlöf. Many of his films from the period are marked by subtle character portrayal, fine storytelling and evocative settings in which the Swedish landscape often plays a key psychological role. The naturalistic quality of his films was enhanced by his (then revolutionary) preference for on-location filming, especially in rural and village settings. He is also known as a pioneer of continuity editing in narrative filmmaking.

In 1923, Sjöström accepted an offer from Louis B. Mayer to work in the United States. In Sweden, he had acted in his own films as well as in those for others, but in Hollywood he devoted himself solely to directing. Using an anglicised name, Victor Seastrom, he made the drama film Name the Man (1924) based on the Hall Caine novel, The Master of Man. He directed stars of the day such as Greta Garbo, John Gilbert, Lillian Gish, Lon Chaney, and Norma Shearer in another eight films in America before his first talkie in 1930.

Uncomfortable with the modifications needed to direct talking films, Victor Sjöström returned to Sweden where he directed two more films before his final directing effort, an English-language drama filmed in the United Kingdom Under the Red Robe (1937). Over the following fifteen years, Sjöström returned to acting in the theatre, performed a variety of leading roles in more than a dozen films and was a company director of Svensk Film Industri. Aged 78, he gave his final acting performance, probably his best remembered, as the elderly professor Isaak Borg in Ingmar Bergman's film Wild Strawberries (1957).

Personal life
Sjöström was married three times. His daughter was actress Guje Lagerwall (1918-2019).

Victor Sjöström died in Stockholm at the age of 80, and he was interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen (Northern cemetery).

Filmography

As director

Ett hemligt giftermål (1912)
Trädgårdsmästaren (1912)
Marriage Bureau (Äktenskapsbyrån) (1913)
Laughter and Tears (Löjen och tårar) (1913)
Lady Marion's Summer Flirtation (Lady Marions sommarflirt) (1913)
The Voice of Passion (Blodets röst) (1913)
The Conflicts of Life (Livets konflikter) (1913)
Ingeborg Holm (Margaret Day) (1913)
Half Breed (Halvblod) (1913)
The Miracle (Miraklet, Within the Gates) (1913)
The Poacher (Kärlek starkare än hat eller skogsdotterns hemlighet) (1914)
The Clergyman (Prästen, Saints and Their Sorrows, The Parson) (1914)
Judge Not (Dömen icke) (1914)
The Strike (Strejken) (1914)
A Good Girl Keeps Herself in Good Order (Bra flicka reder sig själv) (1914)
Children of the Streets (Gatans barn) (1914)
Daughter of the Peaks (Högfjällets dotter) (1914)
Hearts That Meet (Hjärtan som mötas) (1914)
One of the Many (En av de många) (1915)
Guilt Redeemed (Sonad skuld) (1915)
 Det var i maj (1915)
The Governor's Daughters (Landshövdingens döttrar, Det var i maj) (1915)
Stick to Your Last, Shoemaker (Skomakare, bliv vid din läst) (1915)
In the Hour of Trial (I prövningens stund) (1915)
The Price of Betrayal (Judaspengar) (1915)
The Ships That Meet (Skepp som mötas) (1916)
The Sea Vultures (Havsgamar, Predators of the Sea) (1916)
She Triumphs (Hon segrade) (1916)
Kiss of Death (Dödskyssen) (1916)
Therèse (1916)
A Man There Was (Terje Vigen) (1917)
The Lass from the Stormy Croft (Tösen från Stormyrtorpet, The Girl from the Marsh Croft, The Woman He Chose) (1917)
The Outlaw and His Wife (Berg-Ejvind och hans hustru, Eyvind of the Hills, Love: The Only Law, You and I) (1918)
Sons of Ingmar (Ingmarssönerna, Dawn of Love) (1919)
His Lordship's Last Will (Hans nåds testamente, His Grace's Last Testament, His Grace's Will) (1919)
The Monastery of Sendomir (Klostret i Sendomir, Secret of the Monastery) (1920)
Karin Daughter of Ingmar (Karin Ingmarsdotter, God's Way) (1920)
A Lover in Pawn (Mästerman) (1920)
The Phantom Carriage (Körkarlen, The Phantom Chariot, The Stroke of Midnight, Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness) (921)
Love's Crucible (Vem dömer, Mortal Clay) (1922)
The Surrounded House (Det omringade huset, The House Surrounded) (1922)
Fire on Board (Eld ombord, Jealousy, The Hell Ship) (1923)
Name the Man (1924)
He Who Gets Slapped (1924)
Confessions of a Queen (1925)
The Tower of Lies (1925)
The Scarlet Letter (1926)
The Divine Woman (1928)
The Masks of the Devil (1928)
The Wind (1928)
A Lady to Love (1930)
 Father and Son (1930)
Markurells of Wadköping (Markurells i Wadköping, Father and Son, Vater und Sohn) (1931)
Under the Red Robe (1937)

As actor
Terje Vigen (A Man There Was, 1917) as Terje Vigen
Thomas Graals bästa barn (Thomas Graal's First Child 1918) as Thomas Graal
Körkarlen (The Phantom Carriage, 1921) as David Holm
The Fight Continues (1941)
The Word (1943)
Till glädje (To Joy, 1950, directed by Ingmar Bergman), as professor Sönderby
Smultronstället (Wild Strawberries, 1957, directed by Ingmar Bergman), as professor Isak Borg

References

External links

 Victor Sjöström at Virtual History
 "Victor Sjostrom and Mauritz Stiller" UC Santa Barbara Research Paper (2005) by Maximilian Schmige

Category:1879 births
Category:1960 deaths
Category:People from Årjäng Municipality
Category:Swedish film directors
Category:Swedish male stage actors
Category:Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen
Category:Swedish male silent film actors
Category:20th-century Swedish male actors
Category:Swedish screenwriters
Category:Male screenwriters
Category:Swedish male writers
Category:Swedish male film actors
Category:Cinema pioneers


Yvonne Frost

Yvonne Frost (born 1931) is a Wiccan author, lecturer, and practitioner from Los Angeles. Together with her late husband Gavin Frost, she founded the Church and School of Wicca in 1968. She has co-written many books with him, and appeared on the Phil Donahue Show, PM Magazine, and Tom Snyder's Tomorrow Show. Together, they lead workshops at many events in the Neo-Pagan community such as Stones Rising, Sirius Rising, Pagan Pride Day, and the Starwood Festival.

Bibliography
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (2004). The Solitary Wiccan - Weiser Books , .
 Frost, Yvonne and Gavin Frost (1985). Astral Travel: Your Guide to the Secrets of Out-of-Body Experiences - Weiser Books; New Ed edition , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (2003).  A Witch's Guide to Psychic Healing: Applying Traditional Therapies, Rituals, and Systems - Red Wheel/Weiser , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1991). The Prophet's Bible - Red Wheel Weiser , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1999). Magic Power of White Witchcraft Revised - Prentice Hall Press; Revised edition , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1989). Tantric Yoga: The Royal Path to Raising Kundalini Power - Weiser Books , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (2000). The Witch's Magical Handbook - Prentice Hall Press , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1999). Good Witch's Bible - Godolphin House; Reprint edition , .
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1977). The Magic Power of Witchcraft - Prentice Hall Press
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1978). Meta-Psychometry: Key to Power & Abundance - Parker Pub Co ,
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1979). A Witch's Grimoire of Ancient Omens. Portents, Talismans, Amulets, & Charms - Parker Pub Co ,
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (2006). Good Witches Fly Smoothly: Surviving Witchcraft - Outskirts Press ,
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (1980). Power Secrets from a Sorcerer's Private Magnum Arcanum - Parker Pub ,
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost (2002). The Witch's Book of Magical Ritual - Reward Books
 Frost, Gavin and Yvonne Frost, Ibn Saud (1980). Helping Yourself with Astromancy - Parker Pub Co

References

 Bond, Lawrence & Ellen Evert Hopman (1996) People of the Earth: The New Pagans Speak Out (reissued as Being a Pagan: Druids, Wiccans & Witches Today in 2002 Destiny Books ) Interview.
 Jarboe, Michelle (Apr. 9, 2007) Wiccans Gather to Celebrate Faith News-Record.com article

External links
 Biography at the Church and School of Wicca website

Category:Living people
Category:American occult writers
Category:American Wiccans
Category:1931 births
Category:Wiccan writers


René Baudichon

René Baudichon (24 March 1878 – 1963) was a French sculptor and medallist.  The artist was born in Tours, France, studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in his native town, and graduated from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

He is known for his fine art medals, which are considered a form of exonumia. These include a medal commemorating the sinking of the RMS Lusitania. He also created in 1922 an award-winning hood ornament in the form of a caricature lion for the automobile company Peugeot.

References

External links

Category:1878 births
Category:1963 deaths
Category:French medallists
Category:People from Tours, France
Category:20th-century French sculptors
Category:French male sculptors


Carefree Travellers

Carefree Travellers () was a South Korean television program that aired on JTBC.

Season 1 starred Kim Yong-man, Gim Seong-ju, Ahn Jung-hwan and Jeong Hyeong-don. Season 2 starred Park Joon-hyung (g.o.d), Eun Ji-won (Sechs Kies), Noh Hong-chul, Hwang Je-sung and Sung Hoon.

Airtime

Season 1

Season 2

Cast

Season 1
 Kim Yong-man
 Gim Seong-ju
 Ahn Jung-hwan
 Jeong Hyeong-don

Season 2
 Park Joon-hyung (g.o.d) (Episode 1-11)
 Sung Hoon (Episode 1-11)
 Eun Ji-won (Sechs Kies) (Episode 5-11)
 Noh Hong-chul (Episode 5-15)
 Hwang Je-sung (Episode 5-10)
 Go Eun-sung (Episode 1-4)

Program
It is a travel program whereby the cast travel around various countries in the form of package tours alongside participating travellers and invited guests, but without the usual managers, talent agents and various staff behind the scenes tagging along. For Season 2, slightly different from Season 1, the cast, invited guests and participating travellers travel around various countries experiencing local cultures, based on the schedule tailored from the wish lists of the fixed cast and invited guests, and following local package tours.

Episodes

Season 1

2016

2017

2018

Season 2

2018

2019

Ratings
In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue each year.

Season 1

2016

2017

2018

Season 2

2018

2019

 Note that the show airs on a cable channel (pay TV), which plays part in its slower uptake and relatively small audience share when compared to programs broadcast (FTA) on public networks such as KBS, SBS, MBC or EBS.
NR rating means "not reported".
 TNmS have stopped publishing their rating report from June 2018.

References

External links

Category:South Korean travel television series


Copernicus Foundation

The Copernicus Foundation () is a 501(c)(3) not for profit organization based in the Jefferson Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.

 It was founded by Poles in Chicago in 1971 in order to raise funds towards raising a monument for the famous  astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus to be set in front of the Adler Planetarium. After the monument's dedication at the 500th anniversary of Copernicus in 1973, the Polish-American community decided to use leftover funds towards the purchase of a cultural and civic center for Chicago's Polonia.

After a thorough search for the permanent site of the Polish Cultural Center in Chicago, groundbreaking ceremonies took place at the old Gateway Theatre building located near Milwaukee and Lawrence avenues in 1979. Because the Gateway Theatre had been the first movie theater in Chicago built exclusively for the "talkies," the Foundation decided to preserve the theater itself while remodeling around it. The "Solidarity Tower," with its matching façade, was erected atop the building which was modified to resemble the historic Royal Castle in Warsaw, Poland. The tower is an exact replica of the clock tower adorning the castle and its Baroque spire is seen by commuters driving along the Kennedy Expressway.

The activities of the Copernicus Center include:
The Taste of Polonia Festival – an annual event at the Copernicus Center
Mayfest – or Polish fest
January charity event (for children with medical needs)
The Copernican Award
Multi-Cultural Events
Modern Music Events
Community Events
Venue Rentals

The Copernicus Center is also a meeting place for Polish American & other Civic Organization Meetings, the Jefferson Park Chamber of Commerce Activities, the Northwest Chicago Historical Society, CAPS (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy) Meetings, the DAC (District Advisory Council) Meetings, an Annual Law Fair, Dance Recitals, as well as Public Information and Referral Services

See also
 History of Chicago
 Poles in Chicago
 Polonia
 The Polish Constitution Day Parade
 Polish National Alliance
 Polish Falcons
 Polish Museum of America
 Polish Cathedral style churches
 Diaspora politics in the United States
 Culture of Chicago
 Polish-Americans

References

External links
 Copernicus Center

Category:Non-profit organizations based in Chicago
Category:Cultural centers in the United States
Category:Polish-American culture in Chicago
Category:Charities based in Illinois
Category:Polish American


United Transportation Union

The United Transportation Union (UTU) was a broad-based, transportation labor union that represented about 70,000 active and retired railroad, bus, mass transit, and airline workers in the United States. The UTU was headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. On August 11, 2014, it merged with the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association (SMWIA) to form the International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers, known by the acronym SMART.

Membership

The UTU is the largest railroad operating union in North America, with more than 500 locals. The UTU represents employees on every Class I railroad in the United States, as well as employees on many American regional and shortline railroads. It also represents bus and mass transit employees on approximately 45 bus and transit systems and has grown to include airline pilots, flight attendants, dispatchers and other airport personnel. The UTU is very interested in the airline sector and hopes to expand its representation with pilots and flight attendants. The UTU believes it is a viable alternative to other aviation labor unions because the UTU operates under the belief that it has been proficient in interpreting and enforcing  provisions of the Railroad Labor Act (RLA), under which airlines also operate.

Membership is drawn primarily from the operating crafts in the railroad industry and includes conductors, brakemen, switchmen, ground service personnel, locomotive engineers, hostlers and workers in associated crafts. More than 1,800 railroad yardmasters also are represented by the UTU. The UTU's 8,000 bus and transit members include drivers, mechanics and employees in related occupations.

History
In 1968 exploratory talks among the four brotherhoods’ interested in forming one transportation union proved fruitful and plans were formulated for merging of the four operation unions into a single organization to represent all four operating crafts. The four unions were the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, the Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen and the Switchmen’s Union of North America.  The first three of these were considered fraternal orders, as well as labor unions.

In August 1968, the union presidents announced that after nine months of planning, a tentative agreement had been reached on all phases of unity. It was further announced that the name of the new organization would be the United Transportation Union and the target date for establishing the UTU was January 1, 1969. In Chicago on December 10, 1968, the tabulation of the voting revealed an overwhelming desire by the members of the four crafts to merge into a single union, and the United Transportation Union came into existence on January 1, 1969.

The new union had 230,000 members.
The first president was Charles Luna, formerly president of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. By 1978 the Union had 240,000 members in 1,000 branches.
In 1970, the International Association of Railway Employees joined the UTU.
In 1971 the UTU Insurance Association assumed the insurance and welfare plans of the brotherhoods who had formed the UTU.
The UTU held its first national convention in August 1971 in Miami Beach, Florida. Al Chesser, National Legislative Director of the UTU, was elected to succeed Luna, who was retiring.

In 1985, the Railroad Yardmasters of America joined.

Scholarship program
The Union began a scholarship program in 1973 for qualified children and grandchildren of its members. Fifty scholarships amounting to $50,000 were awarded each year.

References

Sources

External links

 Guide to Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen records, 1883-1973. 5149. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Cornell University.
 Guide to Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. General Committee Files and Publications, 1883-1958. 5446. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Cornell University.

Category:Railway unions in the United States
Category:AFL–CIO
Category:Canadian Labour Congress
*
Category:Trade unions disestablished in 2014


Christopher Hart (novelist)

Christopher William Napier Hart (born 1965) is an English novelist and journalist. He writes for the Sunday Times the Daily Mail and The Literary Review. He is the author of The Harvest (1999) and Rescue Me (2001), and has written seven historical novels under his two middle names, William Napier.

Bibliography

As Christopher Hart
 The Harvest (1999)
 Rescue Me (2001)

As William Napier
 Julia: An Epic Tale of Love And War Set in the Final Days of the Roman Empire (2001)
Attila (Attila: The Scourge of God) (2005)
Attila: The Gathering of the Storm (2007)
Attila: The Judgement (2008)
Clash of Empires: The Great Siege (2011) ;
Clash of Empires: The Red Sea (5 July 2012)
The Last Crusaders: Ivan the Terrible  (2014)

Notes

Category:1965 births
Category:20th-century British novelists
Category:21st-century British novelists
Napier, William
Category:Living people
Napier, William
Category:British male novelists
Category:20th-century British male writers
Category:21st-century British male writers


Buddy Daye

Delmore William "Buddy" Daye (1928 – October 1995) was a Canadian professional boxer and community activist.

Early life
Born in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Daye moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia as a young man. Daye was a merchant mariner for a short period of time in young adult life. On June 30, 1964, Daye won the Canadian Super Featherweight title. Daye lost the title on January 15, 1966 to Les Gillis. Gillis defended the title on August 7, 1966 against Rocky Gil Boulay.  Daye fought nine matches from 1959 to 1966 of which he only won two. Daye's last boxing match was on September 10, 1966 to Leo Noel of Saint John, New Brunswick. Daye was inducted into the Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame in 1981.

Daye was a community activist in Halifax's North End and supporter of Africville.  Daye ran for the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party in the electoral district of Halifax Needham in the 1967 provincial election.

In 1990 he became the first African Nova Scotian Sergeant-at-Arms for the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.  He served until his death from cancer in October 1995.

In 1996 his photograph was placed as a permanent memorial in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

In June 2006, a street was renamed in his memory in the North End of Halifax, between Göttingen and Maynard streets.

References

External links
Halifax Regional Library Black History Month Resource List
Halifax Regional Library African History Month Timeline
Article: Halifax welcomes Buddy Daye Street (CBC)
Buddy Daye Profile
Article: Walking Black Through Halifax (Shunpiking)
Article: Buddy Daye Wins Canadian Light Weight Championship (Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame)
Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame Page on Daye
Official Boxing Record BoxRec  http://www.boxrec.com/boxer/23549

Category:1928 births
Category:1995 deaths
Category:Black Nova Scotians
Category:Canadian activists
Category:Black Canadian boxers
Category:Featherweight boxers
Category:People from New Glasgow, Nova Scotia
Category:Sportspeople from Nova Scotia
Category:Black Canadian politicians
Category:Canadian male boxers
Category:Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Category:Candidates in Nova Scotia provincial elections


Henry Stussi House

The Henry Stussi House is a historic Gothic Revival house in Stillwater Township, Minnesota, United States, dating to the late 1870s.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and commerce.  It was nominated for being one of Washington County's finest rural houses, and for its association with a notable figure in the local milling industry and ice trade.

Description
The Henry Stussi House is a two-story brick building with a three-story tower.  It is cruciform in shape.  The main section and the tower both have gable roofs embellished with decorative wooden pendants and finials.  The front façade has stone pilasters at both corners.  The house is adapted from a design in a Palliser, Palliser & Company pattern book.

History
Henry Stussi moved to Stillwater, Minnesota, in 1871, where he purchased and upgraded a mill that produced both flour and animal feed.  In the late 1870s he had this home built outside of Stillwater overlooking Twin Lakes, where he engaged in farming and ice cutting.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Minnesota

References

Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Minnesota
Category:Houses in Washington County, Minnesota
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Category:Ice trade
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Minnesota


Former Singapore Badminton Hall

The Former Singapore Badminton Hall (Abbreviation: SBH; ), formerly Singapore Badminton Stadium, is a former indoor sports hall for badminton located on Guillemard Road in Geylang, Singapore.

The old facility was previously situated at 100 Guillemard Road. The hall's nearby building (102 Guillemard Road) was formerly the headquarters of the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA). Both buildings were refurnished in May 2009 as the commercial centre Guillemard Village.

The current Singapore Badminton Hall is located at 1 Lorong 23 Geylang.

History

Construction
The original Singapore Badminton Stadium was built in 1952 for the Thomas Cup Tournament. The first tournament was held in the UK in 1949, and the Malayan team won the championship. As a result, Malaya also won the right to host the next Thomas Cup, that was scheduled for 1952. As there was no suitable indoor sports hall in Malaya then, the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA) decided to build one in Singapore. A fund to build the badminton hall was launched, after a ceremony welcoming the victorious Thomas Cup team at the Victoria Memorial Hall.

In February 1951, SBA requested from the Singapore Government a plot of land at Guillemard Road to build the badminton stadium. SBA was granted a 99-year lease on the land, effectively from 1 July the same year, and proceeded to construct the sports hall.

The estimated construction cost for the hall was S$200,000 to S$250,000 but the eventual cost rose to S$800,000. Donations then totalled only S$32,000. Aw Boon Haw, who was a patron of the SBA, gave a loan of S$250,000. Despite this, funds were still short by over S$400,000. Nevertheless, the Badminton Hall Management Committee, headed by Tan Ark Sye, pressed ahead with the construction of the hall. The main contractor was C. H. Tong.

The Singapore Badminton Stadium was completed in May 1952. However, the SBA did not have sufficient funds to cover the total construction cost. Eventually, the hall was relinquished to the Singapore Sports Council which took over its management in 1978.

Thomas Cup

Although it was completed in May 1952, the Singapore Badminton Stadium was not ready for the 2nd Thomas Cup Tournament that was scheduled on 27–28 May that year. The tournament was held at the Happy World Stadium, where the Malayan Team, which included Wong Peng Soon, Ong Poh Lim and Ismail Marjan, successfully defended their title.

On 7 June 1952, the Singapore Badminton Stadium was officially opened by the Governor of Singapore, Sir John Fearns Nicoll.

In 1955, the 3rd Thomas Cup Tournament was held at the Singapore Badminton Hall for the first time. The Malayan Team won its 3rd consecutive title. The 4th Thomas Cup Tournament was also held at the badminton hall in June 1958 but the  Indonesian team won this time.

Political events

In June 1959, a crowd of nearly 7,000 workers from 63 trade unions gathered at the Singapore Badminton Stadium to celebrate the advent of the new government after the general election, which was won by the People's Action Party.

On 1 September 1962, the Singapore Badminton Stadium was the vote counting station for a referendum to Tunku Abdul Rahman's suggestion to merge Singapore, Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah and the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia. About 71 percent of the electorate voted for the merger proposal. At 11.15am on 3 September, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew speaks of 'the clear and decisive verdict' of the people of Singapore for merger with Malaysia, and 'the awful moment of truth' for the Communists. This speech came immediately after the announcement of the Government's victory over the Barisan Socialis-led call to cast blank votes in the referendum. (See: Singaporean national referendum, 1962)

Concerts
On 7 December 1959, the Singapore Badminton Stadium was the venue of Radio Singapore's all-star variety show, Puspawarna Singapura, which was hosted by P. Ramlee.

In February 1965, the British rock group The Rolling Stones held a one-night performance at the Singapore Badminton Stadium. The crowd was so excited that a wall erected for the concert collapsed.

Southeast Asian Games
On 1 February 1978, the Singapore Sports Council took over the management of the Singapore Badminton Stadium after acquiring a 30-year lease from the Lands Office (now the Singapore Land Authority). The hall was then renovated and renamed as the Singapore Badminton Hall and served as the venue for badminton in the 12th and 17th Southeast Asian Games, hosted by Singapore in 1983 and 1993 respectively.

Chronicles (1930s – 2013)
Badminton sports for Singapore (since 1930s)

This recreational sport was first introduced to Singapore during the time of the British Colony. The game, at the beginning, was essentially played within the circle of the affluent British residents in Singapore. Then in the 1930s, the badminton sport gained its popularity among the local population but mainly the upper social class such as the white collar workforce, the social elites from English speaking background. Students from Chinese education played it as well, but badminton might seem to be less widespread for the Chinese-educated who were usually less wealthy as compared to the English-educated. Nonetheless, the sport's wide acceptance certainly had to do with the ease at which how the preparation of the game was made—a minimum of only two players are needed and the court can be anywhere where the ground is flat and the place without wind

The increasing passion for the sports had led to many badminton clubs formed among the local players be it professional or amateur. This was when the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA) was founded in 1929. The association, supported by patrons such as Tan Chin Tuan (director of the OCBC bank) and Song Ong Siang (an influential figure of the Straits Chinese community), aimed to encourage the game and to select the excellent players from various clubs by organising games among the clubs, so as to produce local athletes to participate in the renowned tournaments among the international community.

After World War II, despite of the negative impact on the badminton fever due to the war, local badminton players started to shine in the international stage where the Malayan team won their first championship in the Thomas Cup in 1949.

Construction of The Singapore Badminton Stadium (1949–1952)

The winning in 1949 allowed Malaya, particularly the SBA (a sub-association of Malayan Badminton Association, to hold the next Thomas Cup Championship at its place since the winners were from Singapore. However, the sports halls available at that time were considered unsuitable for hosting any international tournaments. The President of SBA at that time, Lim Chuan Geok, thus made call for constructing new badminton hall. The construction cost was planned to be funded through public fundraising.

The fundraising was later found to be challenging when the government revealed its plan to construct another stadium at the same time, misleading many to think that the new badminton hall was thus replaced. The diminishing amount of public donations together with the increasing cost of construction hindered the progress of the whole project. A sponsor of SBA, Aw Boon Haw (founder of "Tiger Balm"), donated a huge sum of money to finance the project. The deficit was ultimately absorbed by the building contractor of the hall, C. H. Tong. However, SBA was rendered in debt by the project.

The entire construction was finished in 1952. The Stadium was built to accommodate changing rooms, canteens, offices, 4 badminton courts and 5500 seats[11]. Ironically, the hall dedicated for the Thomas Cup ended up not being used for the incoming Championship because it was thought to be a gamble to let the Malayan team to perform in a hall environment to which they might not become acclimatised yet. The Thomas Cup was held in Happy World Stadium in 1952 instead.

1955

The hall had its first time hosting the Thomas Cup Championship which was also the third-time tournament. Again, the Malayan team succeeded in defending their champion title.

1958

The fourth Thomas Cup Championship was, too, held in the Singapore Badminton Stadium, but this time round, the Malayan team was defeated by Indonesian team.

1959-1960

The year 1959 saw mostly the non-sporting events taking place in the Stadium.  The People's Action Party (PAP) had made public speech to celebrate their victory in the general election. The Hall also served to hold entertainment activities such as dramas, dances and even erotic strip dance by the famous local "Strip Dancing Queen" Rose Chan. In addition, from 1959 to 1960, Puspawarna Singapura, live recordings of variety shows were held by the Radio Singapore with P. Ramlee (famous Malaysian singer, producer, composer) as the main host. It could be seen that the usage of the sports hall was less strict and exclusive. It might be out of an urge for SBA to increase its source of income and to clear off its debt from the construction.

1962

In 1962, the Stadium was used as a counting station for the voting over matter of Malaya-Singapore merger where the People's Action Party had a clear-cut victory. The political significance of the Stadium was clear enough—the hall was a key connection spot between the ruling party and its supporters. On the other hand, during the times of trade union riots, the hall acted as a gathering spot for the unions. Such preference possibly reflected the existence of hall more than just a building but a essential space where political activities or social movements from the working class could be made widely known to the rest of the society.

1965

A British rock band, The Rolling Stones, conducted their one-stop performance at the badminton stadium. The over-excited spectators resulted in the collapse of a wall.

1978

Due to SBA's inability to pay off the debt from construction, the Stadium as well as the remaining debt was taken over by the Singapore Sports Council. Upon acquiring the stadium, it was refurbished and renamed as the Singapore Badminton Hall. The Hall was assigned to be the one of the event venues for the Southeast Asian Games, which had its 12th (Year 1983) and 17th (Year 1993) games hosted in the Hall.

1983

12th Southeast Asian Game badminton tournament was hosted in the Hall.

1986

A tenant, the Fatty Weng restaurant, was opened at the Singapore Badminton Hall in 1986.

1993

17th Southeast Asian Game badminton tournament was held.

1999

The Old Singapore Badminton Hall was declared a historical site by the National Heritage Board to acknowledge its historical significance in 2 major events—the 2 times hosting of Thomas Cup Champions and the vote-counting for 1962 Malaya-Singapore Merger Referendum.

2011

Onsight Climbing Gym, the biggest indoor climbing gym in Singapore occupied the Old Badminton Hall.

Architectural Features

Style

The Old Singapore Badminton Hall appeared to be heavily influenced by the concrete brutalism though quite a portion of its building was made of metal. The façade at the main entrance has huge sun-breakers as its aesthetic component. The brutalist style here is less prominent as opposed to the other modernist brutalist architectures because most of the Hall's façades have been covered by coloured paints to lighten the tone of the concrete.

Form

The form is a resultant geometry of a terraced pitched roof sitting on top of a rectangular mass. The design approach is relatively simple: a rectangular space accommodates all the programs and a roof to covers the upward opening, while the sun-breakers and openings are made on the façades to reduce heat and increase ventilation in the tropical climate. It could be evident that aesthetics was more or less a secondary consideration for the design and the methodology employed was very functionalistic.

Roof

The roof of the hall, like many others at its time, was made of zinc with metallic truss system supported below, imposing a sense of lightness to the overall outlook of the building and reducing its seemingly bulky existence. However, zinc material is considered a poor thermal mass and might adversely affect the indoor climate. That could be the reason why the SBA did not use the Hall for the 2nd Thomas Cup tournament.

Structural Support

The weight of the roof was spread out in 2 opposite directions and to the 2 facades, and hence it can be deduced that the main entrance façade and the back facade are the load-bearing walls. In the indoor space, the structural elements are the metal trusses as well as the metal frame pillars located at the 2 sides of the hall, freeing up the space in the center.

Natural Lighting and Ventilation

Most of the openings are positioned at the higher portion of the façades to accommodate natural light and wind into the indoor space without causing strong glares and letting the rains come in. Yet the design ventilation is likely to be ineffective as seemed from the installation of electric fans within the space.

The Present and The Past (streetscape)

The front entrance of the Hall used to be an ideal spot for gathering due to the vast open space and less traffic flow in the past. Along with the Hall's fame for hosting various major sports, political and entertainment events, it probably became highly sorted after when it comes to choosing a place to publicise other events. Moving on to the present day, the road space is no longer humanized due to the amount of traffic flow and the greenery space further reduces the size of open area for the Hall. The Hall is now less monumental than it once was.

Historical site
On 1 September 1999, the Singapore Badminton Hall was marked by the National Heritage Board as a historical site. This was in recognition of the two significant historical events that happened at the hall—it held two Thomas Cup tournaments and was the vote counting station for the landmark 1962 referendum. The ceremony was officiated by Abdullah Tarmugi, Minister for Community Development and Sports.

Redevelopment
The building's another tenant, the Fatty Weng restaurant which was opened in 1986, moved to Smith Street in Chinatown in March 2007 when the SBA was not able to commit to a long-term contract.

In July 2007, the Singapore Badminton Association announced plans to close the Singapore Badminton Hall, after the 30-year lease between the Singapore Sports Council and the Urban Redevelopment Authority ceases on 31 January 2008. The SBA's lease is for the badminton hall and its adjacent building, which houses the association's office and practice courts. Its current annual lease of under S$100,000 would be increased to S$1.164 million if the SBA were to renew it, but the association has no plans to do so. The SBA cited possible sites for its new temporary headquarters at the Singapore Sports School and Anglo-Chinese School (Independent). The SBA will eventually be relocated to the Singapore Sports Hub in Kallang, due for completion in 2011.

When the Singapore Badminton Hall closes, the building was returned to the URA. The site of the hall has been zoned for sports and recreation use under URA's Master Plan 2003.

In January 2008, the SBA headquarters and Singapore Badminton Hall was officially closed down after the land lease contract ended and the Singapore Sports Council decided not to renew it given the rising price of the new lease. The Hall was then returned to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA).

In May 2009, after a S$2-million refurbishment, the former Singapore Badminton Association building and the former Singapore Badminton Hall started its operation as Guillemard Village under the development by the Turf City Management. The site was re-developed as a centre for food and beverage as well as leisure. The Hall was deliberately refurbished to give retain the essence of the past, hopefully reminding people of the Gay World.

In November 2009, a 24-hour prawn fishing restaurant known as Geylang Prawn Fishing Restaurant was opened, which occupied half of the former sports hall. In August 2011, The restaurant was closed at the hall upon its lease ended and moved to Punggol East Golf Club.

Currently as of 2013, the most well-known occupants of the Hall are the Brawn & Brains Cafe and the Onsight Climbing Gym.

Nowadays, there are various badminton lessons, such as kids badminton lessons, adult badminton lessons, conducted in the new Singapore badminton hall which play an important role to keep Singaporean healthy.

See also
 Sport in Singapore

References

Other

External links
Singapore Government eCitizen website
Singapore Badminton Association

Category:Sports venues completed in 1952
Category:Indoor arenas in Singapore
Category:Badminton in Singapore
Category:Geylang
Category:Badminton venues


Apache OODT

The Apache Object Oriented Data Technology (OODT) is an open source data management system framework that is managed by the Apache Software Foundation.  OODT was originally developed at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory to support capturing, processing and sharing of data for NASA's scientific archives.

History
The project started out as an internal NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory project incepted by Daniel J. Crichton, Sean Kelly and Steve Hughes. The early focus of the effort was on information integration and search using XML as described in Crichton et al.'s paper in the CODATA meeting in 2000.

After deploying OODT to the Planetary Data System and to the National Cancer Institute EDRN or Early Detection Research Network project, OODT in 2005 moved into the era of large scale data processing and management via NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project. OODT's role on OCO was to usher in a new data management processing framework that instead of 10s of jobs per day and 10s of gigabytes of data would handle 10,000 jobs per day and 100s of terabytes of data. This required an overhaul of OODT to support these new requirements. Dr. Chris Mattmann at NASA JPL led a team of 3-4 developers between 2005-2009 and completely re-engineered OODT to support these new requirements.

Influenced by the emerging efforts in Apache Nutch and Hadoop which Mattmann participated in, OODT was given an overhaul making it more amenable towards Apache Software Foundation like projects. In addition, Mattmann had a close relationship with Dr. Justin Erenkrantz, who as the Apache Software Foundation President at the time, and the idea to bring OODT to the Apache Software Foundation emerged. In 2009, Mattmann and his team received approval from NASA and from JPL to bring OODT to Apache making it the first NASA project to be stewarded by the foundation. Seven years later, the project has released a version 1.0.

Features
OODT focuses on two canonical use cases: Big Data processing and on Information integration. Both were described in Mattmann's ICSE 2006 and SMC-IT 2009 papers. It provides three core services.

File Manager
A File Manager is responsible for tracking file locations, their metadata, and for transferring files from a staging area to controlled access storage.

Workflow Manager
A Workflow Manager captures control flow and data flow for complex processes, and allows for reproducibility and the construction of scientific pipelines.

Resource Manager
A Resource Manager handles allocation of Workflow Tasks and other jobs to underlying resources, e.g., Python jobs go to nodes with Python installed on them; jobs that require a large disk or CPU are properly sent to those nodes that fulfill those requirements.

In addition to the three core services, OODT provides three client-oriented frameworks that build on these services.

File Crawler
A file Crawler automatically extracts metadata and uses Apache Tika to identify file types and ingest the associated information into the File Manager.

Catalog and Archive Crawling Framework
A Push/Pull framework acquires remote files and makes them available to the system.

Catalog and Archive Service Production Generation Executive (CAS-PGE)
A scientific algorithm wrapper (called CAS-PGE, for Catalog and Archive Service Production Generation Executive) encapsulates scientific codes and allows for their execution independent of environment, and while doing so capturing provenance, and making the algorithms easily integrated into a production system.

CAS RESTful Services
A Set of RESTful APIs which exposes the capabilities of File Manager, Workflow Manager and Resource manager components.

OPSUI Monitor Dashboard
A web application for exposing services form the underlying OODT product / workflow / resource managing Control Systems via the JAX-RS specification. At this stage it is built using Apache Wicket components.

The overall motivation for OODT's re-architecting was described in a paper in Nature (journal) in 2013 by Mattmann called A Vision for Data Science.

OODT is written in the Java, and through its REST API  used in other languages including Python (programming language).

Notable uses
OODT has been recently highlighted as contributing to NASA missions including Soil Moisture Active Passive and New Horizons. OODT also helps to power the Square Kilometre Array telescope increasing the scope of its use from Earth science, Planetary science, radio astronomy, and to other sectors. OODT is also used within bioinformatics and is a part of the Knowledgent Big Data Platform.

References

External links
 http://oodt.apache.org

OODT
Category:Java platform
Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Category:Java (programming language) libraries
Category:Software using the Apache license


Karl Ewald Böhm

Karl Ewald Böhm (5 March 1913, Nuremberg – 16 May 1977, Berlin) was an East German writer who also served as Director of the Central Publishing Department in the country's Ministry for Culture. The department was responsible for Censorship.

Böhm also wrote using the pseudonym "Peter Porst".

Life
Böhm's father was a Master Bookbinder.   The boy started school in 1919 in Nuremberg, leaving with his school examinations successfully negotiated in 1932.   In 1932 and 1933 he studied Economics and Newspaper journalism at the Nuremberg Academy for Economics and Social Sciences.

He was an active member of the Young Communists from 1930.   In January 1933 the NSDAP (Nazi) Party took power and immediately set about creating a one party state.   The party in question was the Nazi party and membership of the Communist Party (KPD) accordingly became illegal.   From 1933 Böhm nevertheless continued to work for the KPD.   He was arrested in October 1933 and in 1934 the Bavarian High Court in Munich sentenced him for "Preparing to commit High Treason" to a two-year prison term.   He was imprisoned in Nuremberg in 1934/35 and then transferred to the newly expanded Concentration Camp at Dachau where he remained till 1939.  From 1939 till 1942 Böhm was doing clerical work in Nuremberg.   Between 1942 and 1945 he served in the army, ending up as a senior squadron leader.

By 1946 the future political map of what remained of Germany was becoming clearer, and in February 1946 Karl Ewald Böhm relocated the 130 km (85 miles) from Nuremberg (in the American occupation zone) to Sonneberg, which was in the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ / Sowjetische Besatzungszone).   In Sonneburg he joined the newly created Socialist Unity Party (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).   He also co-founded and became the head of a publishing business in Sonneburg, called "Thüringer Verlagsanstalt", and became the editor of a newspaper called "Sozialistische Tribune".

In 1947/48 he attended the ruling party's Karl Marx Academy before serving, between 1948 and 1950, as an editor on the newspaper "Neuer Weg".   In 1950/51 he was the newspaper's deputy managing editor.   "Neuer Weg" was also the name of a department in the Central Committee of the ruling SED (party), the department being one of which he was in addition deputy head, also serving, from 1951, as deputy head of the Central Committee's Literature Office.  Until he was deposed in 1958 he was also Director of the Central Publishing Department in the country's Ministry for Culture.  After 1958 he supported himself as a freelance writer. In 1962 he became Chairman of the Frankfurt regional (East) German Writers' Association.

Awards and honours
 1960 National Prize of East Germany
 1973 Patriotic Order of Merit (Gold)

Publications
 Atomkraft – Atomkrieg. Berlin 1949, under the Pseudonym Peter Porst, together with G. Klaus
 Gigant Atom. Berlin 1956
 Auf dem Weg zu fernen Welten. Berlin 1958
 together with R. Dörge: Unsere Welt von morgen. Berlin 1960
 Schauplatz Zukunft. Berlin 1974

References

Category:1913 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:People from Nuremberg
Category:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Category:Communist Party of Germany politicians
Category:Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians
Category:East German writers
Category:Writers from Bavaria
Category:German male writers
Category:Communists in the German Resistance
Category:Dachau concentration camp
Category:Prisoners of Nazi concentration camps
Category:Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
Category:Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold


Sacred Steel (band)

Sacred Steel is a German metal band.

History
Sacred Steel formed in the 80s when almost all of the members were already playing in bands that could gather underground acclaim.  However, after forming Sacred Steel they were able to draw larger attention and success.  After opening for bands like Blitzkrieg they were signed to Metal Blade Records in April 1997 being the first German band ever to do so.
Their debut album Reborn in Steel was released October 1997 and with great press and fan response, Sacred Steel became one of the top German metal acts in a short time, maybe also due to the renaissance of true metal and successes of bands like HammerFall.

They released two more albums on Metal Blade: Wargods of Metal in 1998 (produced by Bill Metoyer of Slayer and Helstar fame) and Bloodlust in 2000. Bloodlust was a concept album that saw the band broaden their stylistic horizon but, of course, staying a committed true metal band to the bone.

They played many festivals in Europe, mostly underground ones but also the renowned Wacken Open Air twice and went on tour with many bands, e.g. Primal Fear and Children of Bodom.

After signing to Massacre Records they released their fourth album Slaughter Prophecy in 2002 which again saw the band playing around with a wide variety of influences that revealed the decades-long love of the musicians for all kinds of heavy metal. Some of the new songs even bordered on doom metal or death metal. The last album of the original lineup was Iron Blessings that was released with a big bang in October 2004 - that very release show has been turned into a live CD and DVD under the title Live Blessings (released 2006).

After a year-long hiatus Jörg Michael Knittel and Oliver Großhans, the two original guitarists, left Sacred Steel to pursue their death metal project My Darkest Hate. Jens Sonnenberg switched from bass guitar to guitar and two new members were quickly brought in: Kai Schindelar on bass guitar, the former guitar tech and roadie Jonas Khalil as additional guitarist.

2006 saw the release of the first album with the new lineup which had been recorded with Sodom producer Harris Johns. Hammer of Destruction was a 'back to the roots'-album for the band and had very strong songs that reminded of rather archetypical heavy metal bands like early Metallica, Iron Maiden, Jag Panzer, Megadeth or Helstar.  It was again a success with fans and media and even spawned a video clip to "Maniacs of Speed".

Style and aesthetic
Sacred Steel can be located somewhere between classic European true metal and heavier thrash- or speed metal, but also draw lots of influences like fantasy metal or doom metal. They have albeit managed to create a very genuine style from their first album on which is mostly due to the unique and unusual vocal performance of singer Gerrit P. Mutz.
Their lyrics deal with typical genre topics like battles (especially visible on the concept album Bloodlust) or heavy metal in general and never fail to offer an honest and dedicated, yet good humoured stance (e.g. the anthems "Sacred Steel" and "Sacred Bloody Steel").

Members

Selected discography

1997 - Reborn in Steel
 "Metal Reigns Supreme"
 "Battle Angel"
 "Trapped in Hell"
 "True Force of Iron Glory"
 "Reborn in Steel"
 "Purified By Pain"
 "Sword of the King
 "In the Mouth of Madness"
 "Kill the Deceiver"
 "Sacred Steel"

1998 - Wargods of Metal
 "Blessed By the Gods"
 "Wargods of Metal"
 "Tonight the Witches Ride"
 "Iron Legions"
 "Carnage Rules the Fields of Death"
 "Army of Metalheads"
 "Battle Cry"
 "Dethrone the Tyrant King"
 "By Steel We Rule"
 "Crusaders of the Metal Blade"
 "Empire of Steel"
 "Declaration of War"
 "Heavy Metal to the End"

2000 - Bloodlust
 "Stormhammer"
 "The Oath of Blood"
 "By the Wrath of the Unborn"
 "Blood on My Steel"
 "Metal Is War"
 "Journey to the City of the Dreaming Dead" (Vinyl bonus)
 "Sacred Warriors of Steel"
 "Dark Forces Lead Me to the Brimstone Gate"
 "Master of Thy Fate"
 "Lust for Blood"
 "Throne of Metal"

2002 - Slaughter Prophecy
 "The Immortal Curse"
 "Slaughter Prophecy" (Vengeance for the Dead)
 "Sacred Bloody Steel"
 "The Rites of Sacrifice"
 "Raise the Metal Fist"
 "Pagan Heart"
 "Faces of the Antichrist"
 "Lay Me to My Grave"
 "Crush the Holy, Save the Damned" (Bonus track)
 "Let the Witches Burn"
 "Invocation of the Nameless Ones"

2004 - Iron Blessings
 "Open Wide the Gate"
 "Your Darkest Saviour"
 "Screams of the Tortured"
 "At the Sabbat of the Possessed" (The Witches Ride Again)
 "Beneath the Iron Hand"
 "Anointed By Bloodshed"
 "Victory of Black Steel"
 "I Am the Conqueror" (Come and Worship Me)
 "Crucified in Heaven"
 "The Chains of the Nazarene"
 "We Die Fighting"

2006 - Live Blessings (Live-2CD+DVD)
 "Blessed By the Gods" (Intro)
 "Open Wide the Gate"
 "Tonight the Witches Ride"
 "Battle Angel"
 "Faces of the Antichrist"
 "Victory of Black Steel"
 "Carnage Rules the Fields of Death"
 "The Rites of Sacrifice"
 "Dark Forces Lead Me to the Brimstone Gate"
 "Sword of the King"
 "Stormhammer"
 "Metal Is War"
 "Master of Thy Fate"
 "True Force of Iron Glory"
 "Sacred Bloody Steel"
 "We Die Fighting"
 "Blood on My Steel"
 "Heavy Metal to the End"
 "Slaughter Prophecy"
 "Battle Cry"
 "Wargods of Metal"

2006 - Hammer of Destruction
 "Hammer of Destruction"
 "Where Demons Dare to Tread"
 "Maniacs of Speed"
 "Blood and Thunder"
 "Impaled By Metal"
 "Descent of a Lost Soul"
 "Black Church"
 "Generally Hostile" (Jag Panzer Cover)
 "Plague of Terror"
 "Sword and Axes"
 "The Torch of Sin"

2006 - Hammer of Destruction (Bonus CD)
 "Pounding Inferno" (brand new song)
 "Children of the Spirit" (brand new song)
 "Hell Insanity" (brand new song)
 "Unholy Majesty" (brand new song)
 "A Curse Upon Your Name" (B-Side from "Open Wide the Gate", 7")
 "Iron Blessing" (from "Split", 7" with Wizzard)
 "Zombie Ritua"l (Death Coverversion, never officially released)
 "All for One" (Raven Coverversion, brand new recording)
 "Metal Knights" (Nasty Savage Coverversion, brand new recording)
 "(Empty) Tankard" (Tankard Coverversion, brand new recording)

2009 - Carnage Victory
 "Charge into Overkill"
 "Don’t Break the Oath"
 "Carnage Victory"
 "Broken Rites"
 "Crosses Stained with Blood"
 "Ceremonial Magician of the Left Hand Path"
 "The Skeleton Key"
 "Shadows of Reprisal"
 "Denial of Judas" (Heaven Betrayed)
 "Metal Underground"
 "By Vengeance and Hatred We Ride"

The bonus DVD contains a full concert of Queens of Metal 2009, a studio report and one live clip from Summer Breeze 2009
produced by Sacred Steel.

2013 - The Bloodshed Summoning
 "Storm of Fire 1916"
 "No God / No Religion"
 "When the Siren Calls"
 "The Darkness of Angels"
 "The Bloodshed Summoning"
 "Under the Banner of Blasphemy"
 "Black Towers"
 "Crypts of the Fallen"
 "The Night They Came to Kill"
 "Join the Congregation"
 "Journey into Purgatory"
 "Doomed to Eternal Hell"
 "Perversions of the Scriptures" (Bonus track)
 "Unbinding the Chains" (Bonus track)
 "Dig Up Her Bones" (Bonus track)

2016 - Heavy Metal Sacrifice
 "Intro (Glory Ride)"
 "Heavy Metal Sacrifice"
 "The Sign of the Skull"
 "Hail the Godz of War"
 "Vulture Priest"
 "Children of the Sky"
 "Let There Be Steel"
 "Chaos Unleashed"
 "The Dead Walk the Earth"
 "Beyond the Gates of Nineveh"
 "Iron Donkey"

Category:Musical groups established in 1996
Category:German power metal musical groups
Category:Metal Blade Records artists


Osceola (disambiguation)

Osceola is the name of a nineteenth-century Seminole leader in the United States of America.

Osceola may also refer to

People
 Pen name used by the Danish author Karen Blixen (1885–1962)

Places
In Canada:
 Osceola, Ontario, a community in Admaston Bromley, Ontario

In the United States:
Osceola, Arkansas
Osceola, Indiana
Osceola, Iowa
Osceola, Missouri
Osceola, Nebraska
Osceola, Nevada
Osceola, New York
Osceola, South Dakota
Osceola, West Virginia
Osceola, Wisconsin, a village in Polk County
Osceola, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, a town
Osceola, Polk County, Wisconsin, a town
Mount Osceola, White Mountains, New Hampshire

Waterbodies
 Lake Osceola, Winter Park, Florida
 Lake Osceola (Coral Gables) on the University of Miami campus

Other uses
 Osceola and Renegade, symbols of Florida State University
 Osceola and St Croix Valley Railway, a heritage railroad in Osceola, Wisconsin
 Osceola, a subspecies of wild turkey
 USS Osceola, the name of several United States Navy ships
 Tom and John Osceola, characters in Key Largo (film)
 Osceola, a synonym of the moth genus Peoria (moth)

See also
 Osceola County (disambiguation)
 Osceola Mills, Pennsylvania
 Osceola Township (disambiguation)
 Oceola (disambiguation)


Underwoodia (millipede)

Underwoodia is a genus of millipedes in the family Caseyidae. There are at least three described species in Underwoodia.

Species
These three species belong to the genus Underwoodia:
 Underwoodia iuloides (Harger, 1872) i c g b
 Underwoodia kurtschevae Golovatch, 1980 c g
 Underwoodia tida Chamberlin, 1925 i c g
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

References

Further reading

Category:Chordeumatida
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot


Santa Monica City Council

Santa Monica City Council is the governing body of Santa Monica, California.  The council meets on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month.

Current council
Gleam Davis
Sue Himmelrich
Ana Maria Jara
Kevin McKeown (Mayor)
Greg Morena
Terry O'Day (Mayor Pro-Tem)
Ted Winterer

Former councils

Charter

Council-Manager form of government, with seven Council members elected at-large. The new Charter was adopted in 1946.

Second charter (1915 -1946)

Commission form of government.  Under the new charter, the City government now consisted of 3 departments: Public Safety, Public Works and Finance with one elected Commissioner responsible for each department. The City Council consisted of the three elected Commissioners. The Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety was the ex officio Mayor; and the elections process included the use of a preferential ballot form.

First charter (1906 – 1915)

Mayor - Council form of government.  Under the new charter, the City Council was composed of one Mayor with veto power, and one Council member from each of its seven wards.

Board of trustees (1886 – 1906)

The residents of the town of Santa Monica voted to incorporate November 30, 1886, and chose a board of five trustees.

References
Commissions and Councils, 1915 - present
A Brief History of Santa Monica and its Charters

External links
Santa Monica City Council Homepage
City Council History

Category:California city councils
Category:Santa Monica, California


Garmen

Garmen () is a village  in Blagoevgrad Province in Bulgaria and is the seat of Garmen Municipality. It is located in southwestern Bulgaria in the Western Rhodope Mountains in the Chech region 75 kilometers southeast of Blagoevgrad and 127 kilometers southeast of Sofia.

History

In about 146 AD, after long battles between Roman troops and Thracians, the area around Gotse Delchev fell to Roman rule.  In 106 the emperor Trajan built the city Nicopolis ad Nestum in honor of the defeat. This town was destroyed at the end of the 6th century by the Slavs and the tribe of the Smolyani settled here.  The Slavs were farmers and herdsmen. They grew millet, wheat, flax, hemp and leguminous plants and they also bred birds, cattle, sheep and goats.

Garmen is mentioned several times in the Ottoman registers during the Ottoman rule and they also built a Turkish grange in the area where Nicopolis ad Nestum was located. Until the 19th century the municipality was mainly a farming area and a few men worked as builders in the interior of the country and in the Aegean region.  The first schools and churches were built in the area during the Bulgarian renaissance.  Garmen's church was named after St. George and was built in 1898 over the foundations of an older church. The church is an artistic monument of culture of national significance.

During the Russo-Turkish war (1877–1878) and during the Balkan wars (1912–1913) the population in the municipality joined volunteer troops to fight. In 1901 a volunteer "militia" was formed by Stoyko Pashkulev.  The area was liberated from the Ottoman rule in 1912.

Climate
The municipality has a Mediterranean climate tempered by the high altitude.  It has one of the warmest climates in the country because it is between two climate zones-temperate continental and transitional Mediterranean. On an average year the precipitation is 620–780 mm/m² which is distributed relatively evenly between all four seasons. The air humidity ranges from 60% to 75% throughout the year. Snow cover is usually only for 70–100 days per year.

Health care and education

One GP doctor is working in Garmen and the nearest hospital is in Gotse Delchev.

There is one high school (I-XII grade) -  Stt. Kiril and Metodiy" Secondary school and a kindergarten. There is also a community center with a public library and different performing schools for music and dances.

Attractions

Garmen municipality includes the remains of the ancient town of Nikopolis ad Nestum which was created in 106 by the Roman emperor Taian in honor of his victory over the Daci tribe.  The name means "The city of the victory near Mesta".  This is thought to be one of the most important settlements that connects the Aegean coast with the Thracian Valley. The village of Garmen also contains a very old plane that was named first in Bulgaria for Tree of the Year 2011 and second in the European Tree of the Year contest for 2011. There is a private villa, offering accommodations for small groups.

Honour
Garmen Point on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Garmen.

References

Description of Garmen on en.journey.bg
 Municipality of Garmen Guidebook, 2004
The Municipality of Garmen Guidebook, 2004

Category:Villages in Blagoevgrad Province
Category:Chech


Little Suncook River

The Little Suncook River is a  river located in central New Hampshire in the United States.  It is a tributary of the Suncook River, part of the Merrimack River (and therefore Gulf of Maine) watershed.

The Little Suncook begins at the outlet of Northwood Lake in the town of Epsom, New Hampshire.  Flowing west, it passes through Bixby Pond (also known as Cass Pond), passes the villages of Epsom and Gossville, and joins the Suncook River near the Epsom Traffic Circle.

U.S. Route 4 parallels the Little Suncook for the river's entire length.

See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire

References

Category:Tributaries of the Merrimack River
Category:Rivers of New Hampshire
Category:Rivers of Merrimack County, New Hampshire


Winner takes all

Winner take(s) (it) all may refer to:

Competition, economics and politics

 Winner-takes-all voting
 Winner-take-all (computing)
 Winner-take-all market

Books

Fiction
 Winner Takes All (novel), a BBC Books Doctor Who novel
 "Winner Take All" (short story), a Sailor Steve Costigan story by Robert E. Howard

Nonfiction
 Winner-Take-All Politics, by Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson
 The Winner-Take-All Society: Why the Few at the Top Get So Much More Than the Rest of Us, by economist Robert Frank
  Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World by Anand Giridharadas

Film
 Winner Take All (1924 film), directed by W. S. Van Dyke
 Winner Take All (1932 film), starring James Cagney
 Winner Take All (1939 film), starring Tony Martin
 Winner Takes All (1982 film), directed by Wong Jing
 Winner Takes All (2000 film), directed by Clifton Ko
 Winner Takes All (2004 film), short film directed by Helen M. Grace

Television
 Winner Takes All (game show), on the ITV network from 1975 to 1988, and on Challenge TV from 1997
 Winner Take All (game show), a 1940s and early '50s American game show

Music
 Winner Take All, 1998, by The Turbo A.C.'s
 Winner Takes All (album), 1979, by The Isley Brothers
 "The Winner Takes It All", 1980, by ABBA
 Winner Takes It All, 1987, by Sammy Hagar, from Over the Top (1987 film)
 Winners Take All (album) by Quiet Riot
 "Winners Take All", a song from the Quiet Riot album Condition Critical

See also
 Kill the Winner hypothesis alternative to "Winner takes all" for population growth in microbes


Westing (By Musket and Sextant)

{{Album ratings
| rev1 = Allmusic
| rev1Score =
| rev2 = Christgau's Consumer Guide
| rev2score = A–
| rev3 = The New Rolling Stone Album Guide
| rev3score =
| rev4 = Rolling Stone
| rev4Score = <ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/westing-by-musket-and-sextant-19930902 |title=Westing (By Musket and Sextant) |first=Arion |last=Berger |date= |magazine=Rolling Stone }}</ref>
| rev5 = Spin| rev5score =
}}Westing (By Musket and Sextant) is a compilation of the early EPs and singles by the band Pavement.  It features all the tracks from their first three EPs, Slay Tracks (1933–1969), Demolition Plot J-7, and Perfect Sound Forever, as well as the single mix of "Summer Babe," its B-sides, and two compilation tracks.

Track listing
All tracks were written by Stephen Malkmus and Scott Kannberg.
 Slay Tracks: 1933–1969:
1. "You're Killing Me" – 3:20
2. "Box Elder" – 2:26
3. "Maybe Maybe" – 2:14
4. "She Believes" – 3:02
5. "Price Yeah!" – 3:00
 Demolition Plot J-7:
6. "Forklift" – 3:27
7. "Spizzle Trunk" – 1:23
8. "Recorder Grot" – 2:08
9. "Internal K-Dart" – 1:51
10. "Perfect Depth" – 2:43
11. "Recorder Grot (Rally)" – 0:21
 Perfect Sound Forever:
12. "Heckler Spray" – 1:06
13. "From Now On" – 2:03
14. "Angel Carver Blues/Mellow Jazz Docent" – 2:30
15. "Drive-by Fader" – 0:28
16. "Debris Slide" – 1:56
17. "Home" – 2:23
18. "Krell Vid-User" – 1:26
 Summer Babe single:
19. "Summer Babe" – 3:13
20. "Mercy Snack: The Laundromat" – 1:39
21. "Baptist Blacktick" – 2:03
 Complilation appearances:
22. "My First Mine" – 2:20
23. "My Radio" – 1:21

References
Jovanovic, Rob (2004). Perfect Sound Forever: The Story of Pavement''. (Boston) Justin, Charles & Co. .

External links
 Westing (By Musket and Sextant) at Drag City

Category:1993 compilation albums
Category:Pavement (band) albums
Category:Drag City (record label) compilation albums
Category:Domino Recording Company compilation albums
Category:Flying Nun Records compilation albums
Category:Big Cat Records compilation albums


Haris Rauf

Haris Rauf (born 7 November 1993) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his international debut for the Pakistan cricket team in January 2020. He made his Twenty20 debut for the Lahore Qalandars in the 2018 Abu Dhabi T20 Trophy on 5 October 2018. In November 2018, he was selected by the Lahore Qalandars in the players' draft for the 2019 Pakistan Super League tournament.

Domestic career
When he was a student in the Islamabad Model College he was more interested in football than cricket, helping his school lift the football trophy and being hailed as the best player of the tournament, but joined the cricket team of International Islamic University, Islamabad, and when its coach asked him to attend the Lahore Qalandars trials to be held in Gujranwala in September 2017 he was initially reluctant before agreeing and being spotted by Aaqib Javed, who pushed him to play cricket in Australia, after which he was selected for Lahore Qalandars for the 2018 Abu Dhabi T20 Trophy, which also marked his domestic career debut.

In March 2019, he was named in Baluchistan's squad for the 2019 Pakistan Cup. He made his List A debut for Baluchistan in the 2019 Pakistan Cup on 2 April 2019. In September 2019, he was named in Northern's squad for the 2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy tournament. He made his first-class debut for Northern in the 2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 28 September 2019. In October 2019, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) named him as one of the six players to watch ahead of the 2019–20 National T20 Cup tournament.

In December 2019, he joined the Melbourne Stars for 2019-20 Big Bash League season as a replacement for Dale Steyn who was injured. He took a five-wicket haul in his second match against the Hobart Hurricanes. On 8 January 2020, he took a hat-trick against the Sydney Thunder, becoming the first Pakistani and first Melbourne Stars bowler to do so in the BBL, with one delivery bowled at 151.3 km/h. On 16 February 2019, he took 4 for 23 and help Lahore Qalandars to win against Karachi Kings.

International career
In January 2020, he was named in Pakistan's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their series against Bangladesh. He made his T20I debut for Pakistan, against Bangladesh, on 24 January 2020.

References

External links

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Pakistani cricketers
Category:Pakistan Twenty20 International cricketers
Category:Baluchistan cricketers
Category:Lahore Qalandars cricketers
Category:Cricketers from Rawalpindi
Category:Melbourne Stars cricketers


NGC 3054

NGC 3054 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Hydra.  It was discovered by Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters in 1859.  It is probably in the same galaxy group as NGC 2935.

In January 2006, a supernova (SN 2006T) was observed in NGC 3054.

See also
 New General Catalogue (NGC)
 NGC 1300

References

External links

 SIMBAD: NGC 3054 -- Galaxy
 Some pretty pictures!

Category:Intermediate spiral galaxies
Category:Hydra (constellation)
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