Ars Poetica (Horace)

"Ars Poetica", or "The Art of Poetry", is a poem written by Horace c. 19 BC, in which he advises poets on the art of writing poetry and drama. The Ars Poetica has "exercised a great influence in later ages on European literature, notably on French drama" and has inspired poets and authors since it was written. Although it has been well-known since the Middle Ages, it has been used in literary criticism since the Renaissance.

Background
The poem was written in hexameter verse as an Epistle (or Letter) to Lucius Calpurnius Piso (the Roman senator and consul) and his two sons, and is sometimes referred to as the Epistula ad Pisones, or "Epistle to the Pisos". The first mention of its name as the "Ars Poetica" was c. 95 by the classical literary critic Quintilian in his Institutio Oratoria, and since then it has been known by that name. The translations of the original epistle are typically in the form of prose.

"Written, like Horace's other epistles of this period, in a loose conversational frame, Ars Poetica consists of 476 lines containing nearly 30 maxims for young poets."   But Ars Poetica is not a systematic treatise of theory, and it wasn't intended to be. It is an inviting and lively poetic letter, composed for friends who appreciate poetic literature.

Horace approaches poetry from a practical standpoint—as a craft, or ars—rather than the theoretical approach of his predecessors, Aristotle and the philosopher Plato. He also holds the poet in high regard, as opposed, for instance, to Plato, who distrusts mimesis and who has philosopher Socrates say in Book 10 of the Republic that he would banish poets from the ideal state.

Summary
The following is a brief outline of the main subjects of the work:

(For a more detailed summary of Horace's Ars Poetica, see the article on Horace's Epistles – Epistle II.3).

Literary phrases
"Many of...[the] apt phrases [of the Ars Poetica]...have passed into common literary parlance."  Four quotations in particular are associated with the work:

 "in medias res (l. 148)", or "into the middle of things". This describes a narrative technique of starting the story from its middle point. According to Horace, this entices the audience into the plot by making everyone curious about the characters' previous paths and their future destinies. The technique appeared frequently in ancient epics, and remains popular in modern narratives.
 "ab ovo (l. 147)", or "from the beginning". As Homer did not initiate his epics about the Trojan War from the conception (thus, the egg – "ovo" in Latin) of Helen, poets and other story tellers should do something likewise: in other words, starting a story from its commencement will bore and fatigue audiences that may not be interested in a plot that is tediously inclusive. For another explanation of this mention of an egg, see Leda (mythology).
 "quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus (l. 359)" or "sometimes even good Homer nods off". Today this expression is used to indicate that 1. even the most skilled poet can make continuity errors and 2. long works, usually epics (such as the Iliad or the Odyssey), may have their faults without that detracting significantly from their general quality. In context, however, Horace even censures Homer for such lapses. It reads "et idem | indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus"; (I even castigate the good Homer for the same [fault of technical errors] whenever he nods off).
 "ut pictura poesis (l. 361)", or "as is painting so is poetry", by which Horace meant that poetry, in its widest sense meaning "imaginative texts", merits the same careful interpretation that was in his day reserved for painting.

(The latter two phrases occur one after the other near the end of the poem).

Key concepts
The work is also known for its discussion of the principle of decorum (the use of appropriate vocabulary and diction in each style of writing) (l.81–106), and for Horace's criticisms of purple prose (purpureus pannus, l.15–16), a term coined by him to mean the use of flowery language. This principle is considered a core component of Horatian poetics as it principally aimed to achieve verisimilitude in artistic representation, guiding everything from the choice of genre to diction, dramatic characterization, meter, poetic invention, and the intended effect. Some cited that decorum enforces subordination such as of parts to whole, woman to man, desire to reason, and individual to state.

In line 191, Horace warns against deus ex machina, the practice of resolving a convoluted plot by having an Olympian god appear and set things right. Horace writes "Nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus": "That a god not intervene, unless a knot show up that be worthy of such an untangler".

Perhaps it can even be said that the quotability of Horace's Ars Poetica is what has given it a distinguished place in literary criticism: The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism says:

The Horatian platitude is usually given as "instruct and delight", but sometimes as "instruct or delight".  The first reading implies that all literature must be instructive. A related ambiguity is that "instruct" might be better translated as "help", "advise", or "warn". Horace repeats this maxim in different wordings: "Aut prodesse uolunt aut delectare poetae aut simul et iucunda et idonea dicere uitae" (The poet wishes to benefit or please, or to be pleasant and helpful at the same time), "miscuit utile dulci" (a mix of useful and sweet), and "delectando pariterque monendo" (delighting and advising).

The Ars Poetica was first translated into English in 1566 by Thomas Drant. A translation by Ben Jonson was published posthumously in 1640.

See also
 Epistles of Horace

References

External links

 Latin text of poem at The Latin Library
 Text at Perseus.
 (English translation)

Category:1926 poems
Category:1961 poems
Category:Literature about poetry
Category:Literary concepts
Category:Poetry by Horace
Category:1st-century BC Latin books


Vladychnevo

Vladychnevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 165 as of 2002.

Geography
The distance to Vologda is 75 km, to Novlenskoye is 15 km. Mitenskoye, Dilyalevo, Lepigino, Nagornovo are the nearest rural localities.

References

Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast


Derwent London

Derwent London is a British-based property investment and development business. It is headquartered in London and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History
The business was originally established as the operator of the Derwent Valley Light Railway which opened in 1913. The railway closed in 1981 and in 1984 John Burns used the former operating company, Derwent Valley Holdings, as the vehicle with which to develop his London-based property business. It joined the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe index on 31 December 1999 when it was launched, trading under the name Derwent Valley Holdings. In 2007 the company merged with London Merchant Securities plc to form Derwent London. This deal was hailed as "the deal of the decade" by the editor of Property Week. In July 2007 the company converted to a real estate investment trust.

Operations
The Group is organised as one business – property investment and development. At 30 June 2019 its portfolio was valued at £5.4bn.

Fitzrovia portfolio

From the merger with London Merchant Securities the company acquired  of property to add to its existing Fitzrovia portfolio. This gave the company about  of property over more than 30 sites in Fitzrovia; about one fifth of the company's total portfolio. In November 2009 the company announced plans to transform part of Fitzrovia in central London into a new retail destination with cafes and restaurants. The company's plans were criticised in the local paper Fitzrovia News who accused the company of wanting to change the character of the neighbourhood.

In July 2010 the company held an exhibition outlining its proposals for the Saatchi building in Charlotte Street: Fitzrovia News reported that Camden Council had confirmed that the Fitzrovia Partnership was intending to become a Business Improvement District (BID).

The Turnmill Building Farringdon
In 2009 the company's plans to demolish Farringdon's famous Turnmills were turned down by London Borough of Islington after a campaign to save the building by local people. The company wanted to replace the 19th-century stables building with a glass and steel tower block. The company then appealed to the planning inspectorate, but their appeal was refused. Subsequently, a revised planning application was granted approval and work on the new building commenced in April 2012. This will create a 70,000 sq ft office and retail property close to the new Farringdon station Crossrail interchange.

References

External links
 Official website

Category:Real estate companies established in 1913
Category:Real estate investment trusts of the United Kingdom
Category:Property companies based in London
Category:1913 establishments in England
Category:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange


Battle of Unaizah (1904)

The Battle of Unaizah () took place during the early stage of the Saudi-Rashidi War. Abdul Aziz captured Unaizah (Anaiza) in March 1904, killing 370 while losing only two men.

References

Category:Ottoman Arabia
Unaizah 1904
Category:1904 in Saudi Arabia
Unaizah 1904


List of television programs: F

This list covers television programs whose first letter (excluding "the") of the title is F.

F

FA
FABLife
The Fabulous Life of...
The Face Is Familiar
The Facts of Life
Face the Nation
Face Off
Faerie Tale Theatre
Fair City
The Fairly OddParents
Fairy Tail
Falcón
Falcon Crest
The Fall Guy
Falling Skies
Falling Water
Faking It (2000)
Faking It (2014)
Fam
Fame
The Family (UK)
Family
Family Affair (1966)
Family Affair (2002)
Family Affairs
Family Album
Family Biz
Family Challenge
Family Feud
A Family for Joe
Family Fortunes
Family Game Night
The Family Genius
Family Guy
The Family Law (Australia)
Family Law (US)
Family Matters
The Family-Ness
Family Ties
Famous and Fearless (UK)
The Famous Five
Famous Food
Famous in Love
Famously Single
Fanboy & Chum Chum
Fantastic Four
The Fantastic Journey
Fantastic Max
Fantasy Island
Fargo
Farmer Wants a Wife
Farscape
Fashionably Late with Rachel Zoe
Fashion House
Fashion Police
Fashion Star
The Fashion Show
Fast Cars and Superstars: The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race
Fast Forward
The Fast Lane (Australia)
Fast Money
The Fast Show
Fast Track (UK)
Fastlane
Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids
Fat Guy Stuck in Internet
Father Brown (1974)
Father Brown (2013)
Father Dowling Mysteries
Fatherhood
Father Knows Best
Father Murphy
Father of the Pride
Father Ted
Fat March
Fawlty Towers
Fay
Fancy Nancy

FB
FBI
The F.B.I.
The FBI Files

FC
FCW

FE
Fear
Fear Factor
Fear Itself
Fear the Walking Dead
The Feed (Australia)
Felicity
Felix the Cat
Felony Squad
Fernwood 2-Night
Ferris Bueller
Feud

FI
Fifi and the Flowertots (UK)
Fifteen To One
Fight Back! With David Horowitz
Figure It Out
Os Filhos do Rock
Filthy Rich & Catflap
Filthy Rich: Cattle Drive
The Finder
Finders Keepers (Australia)
Finders Keepers (UK) (1981)
Finders Keepers (UK) (1991)
Finders Keepers (US)
Finding Carter
Finding Sarah
Fireflies (Australia)
Firefly
Firehouse
The Firm
The First 48
The First 48: Missing Persons
First Family of Hip Hop
First Look
First Monday
First Take
First Wave (Canada)
Fish Hooks
Fishing With John
Fishtronaut (Brazil)
Fit for Fashion
Five Fingers
Five Star Jubilee
The Fix
Fixer Upper

FL
The Flash (1990)
The Flash (2014)
Flambards
Flamingo Road
FlashForward
Flash Forward
Flash Gordon (1954)
Flash Gordon (1996)
Flash Gordon (2007)
Flashpoint
Flavor of Love
Flex & Shanice
The Flintstones
Flight 29 Down
Flight of the Conchords
Flikken
Flip or Flop
Flip or Flop
Flip or Flop Atlanta
Flip or Flop Chicago
Flip or Flop Follow-Up
Flip or Flop Fort Worth
Flip or Flop Nashville
Flip or Flop Vegas
Flip That House
Flip This House
The Flip Wilson Show
Flipper (1964)
Flipper (1995)
Flipping Out
Flo
Floribama Shore
Flower Pot Men
The Flumps (British)
Fly Girls
Fly Tales
The Flying Nun
Flying Rhino Junior High
Floogals

FO
Foley Square
The Following
Food Network Challenge
Food Network Star
Food Party
Football Night in America
Football Superstar
For Better or for Worse
Forbidden Science
Force Five
Ford Theatre
Forensic Files
Forever
Forever Knight
Forgive or Forget
The Forgotten
For the Love of Ray J
For Peete's Sake
For the People (1965)
For the People (2002)
For the People (2018)
Fortune: Million Pound Giveaway
Fosse/Verdon
Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends
The Fosters
The Four: Battle for Stardom
Four Feather Falls (UK)
The Four Just Men
Four Live (Ireland)
Four Live (New Zealand)
Four Star Playhouse
Four Weddings (Australia)
Four Weddings (UK)
Fox & Friends
Fox News Live
Fox News Sunday
Fox NFL Kickoff
Fox NFL Sunday
Fox Online
Foyle's War (British)

FR
Fraggle Rock
Frank the Entertainer in a Basement Affair
Franklin
Franny's Feet (Canada)
Frasier
Freakazoid
Freaks and Geeks
FreakyLinks
The Fred Waring Show
Freddie
Freedom Fighters: The Ray
Freefonix (UK)
Freewheelers
Frequency
Fresh Meat
Fresh Off the Boat
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Freshwater Blue (Australia)
Friday Night Lights
Fridays
Friend or Foe?
Friends
Friends and Lovers; see Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers
Friendzone
Fringe
Frisky Dingo
Forever Eden
Frontier
Frontier Circus
Frontier Doctor
Frontier Justice
Frontiers
Frontline (Australia)

FT
F Troop

FU
The Fugitive
Full Frontal (Australia)
Full Frontal with Samantha Bee
Full House
The Full Sun (South Korea)
Fuller House
Funny You Should Ask
Fury
Futurama
Future Weapons
Future Worm
The Furchester Hotel

FW
The F Word (UK)
The F Word (US)

Previous:  List of television programs: E    Next:  List of television programs: G


William W. Bosworth

William Welles Bosworth (May 8, 1869 – June 3, 1966) was an American architect whose most famous designs include MIT's Cambridge campus, the AT&T Building in New York City, and the Theodore N. Vail mansion in Morristown, New Jersey (1916), now the Morristown Town Hall. Bosworth was also responsible to a large degree for the architectural expression of Kykuit, the famous Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, working closely with the architects William Adams Delano and Chester H. Aldrich and the interior designer, Ogden Codman.

Bosworth is not as well known in the United States as other Beaux-Arts architects of that time, because his career, under the auspices of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., led him to France in the 1920s, where he was put in charge of the restoration of the Palace of Versailles and Notre-Dame de Reims, projects Rockefeller was interested in and that he financed. In time, Bosworth was awarded the French Legion of Honor and the French Cross of the Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters, one of the few Americans ever to receive such honors. In 1918, Bosworth was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1928.

Early life
Bosworth was born in 1868 in Marietta, Ohio, and received his architectural training at MIT, one of the leading Beaux-Arts oriented schools in the United States at the time. In 1896, Bosworth left for Paris to study at the famous École des Beaux-Arts. Attending the École was a must for anyone who wanted to make a name for himself in the United States, especially during the years following the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Richard Morris Hunt, H. H. Richardson before him as well as Ernest Flagg, Charles McKim, John Merven Carrère, and John Russell Pope, had all studied in Paris. Upon his return to the United States in 1900, Bosworth worked for the firm Carrère and Hastings, which had recently won the competition for the design of the New York Public Library, their most significant and best-known project.

Major commissions

In 1906, Bosworth was called in to design a garden for the prominent philanthropist, the New Yorker Valentine Everit Macy, who lived at Scarborough-on-Hudson. This led to Bosworth’s acquaintance with Frank Vanderlip (1864–1937), president of the City Bank of New York, and former assistant Secretary of the Treasury under President William McKinley. Bosworth designed for Vanderlip a gate for his family estate north of Tarrytown, New York. He also designed a schoolhouse not far from Vanderlip’s estate, the Scarborough School, which is still extant. At about the same time, Vanderlip was appointed to the board of Letchworth Village, an institution for epileptics and the mentally ill founded in 1907. Vanderlip called in Bosworth to lay out the village with its various schools and residences. It is located across the Hudson from Scarborough on a hill not far from the current town of West Haverstraw. For the Rockefellers, he designed Kykuit, transforming a barren treeless site into a lush and spectacular garden.

In 1912, Theodore Newton Vail (1845–1920) gave Bosworth his largest and most visible commission yet: the corporate headquarters of AT&T Corporation, located on a prestigious site in downtown New York City at 195 Broadway, just a few blocks from Wall Street. It was a modern steel structure clad top to bottom in a Greek-styled exterior, the three-story-high Ionic columns of Vermont granite forming eight registers over a Doric base. In 1913, Bosworth received the commission to design the new campus for MIT in Cambridge, MIT having outgrown its old buildings near Copley Square in Boston. The plan featured a large paved court (now called Killian Court) that is now, however, planted with grass and trees, at the head of which was a domed structure modeled on the Pantheon in Rome in the manner of the Altes Museum in Berlin. It was at the time the largest non-governmental building in the US.

Although some of Bosworth's subsequent American commissions were office buildings, like the Ocean Cable Office Building (1916) (since demolished), most were houses, estates, and townhouses. This included houses for William Barclay Parsons (at 121 East 65th Street) and Philip Gossler (at 14 East 65th Street) in New York. In the Locust Valley area of Long Island, commissions included 'Mallow' (1920), a mansion for Walter Farwell which now houses the East Woods School, and house alterations and a garden for Charles A. Stone. Vail, who was a great admirer of Italian art and had traveled extensively through Italy, asked Bosworth in 1916 to design his home in Morristown, New Jersey.  Bosworth also designed extensive gardens for the house of Samuel Untermyer, a famous lawyer, in Yonkers, New York. In 1925, he designed the unbuilt Egyptian Museum for Cairo. In 1921, Bosworth built his own house on Long Island next to that of Stone.

Bosworth’s U.S. career, promising as it was, came to an end when John D. Rockefeller Jr., traveling in France in 1922, and appalled at the dire condition of French monuments, set up a fund in 1924 to pay for the restoration of the Palace of Versailles and the Château de Fontainebleau. Bosworth was put in charge of the project. He also took over the restoration of the Notre-Dame de Reims, and in 1935, he founded the University Club of Paris.  In 1934, he supervised the restoration of Queen Marie Antoinette’s Trianon cottage near Versailles.

Although Rockefeller's project ended in 1936, Bosworth remained in his adopted country in semi-retirement, building a house for himself and his family, Villa Marietta, in Vaucresson (1935–1936). During WWII, Bosworth was chairman of the Paris committee of the American Volunteer Ambulance Corps. In 1945, he was named associate member of the École des Beaux-Arts. In 1949, he headed a fund drive for restoration of Vimoutiers in Normandy, which had been destroyed by error in a World War II bombing raid. These efforts earned him considerable recognition in France.

See also
Rockefeller family

References

Chafee, Richard. The Architecture of the École des Beaux-Arts. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
Jacobs, S. Quentin. William Welles Bosworth: Major Works. Master’s Thesis, Columbia University, 1988.
Mark Jarzombek. Designing MIT: Bosworth’s New Tech. Northeastern University Press, 2004.
MacKay, Robert B., Anthony K. Baker, and Carol A. Traynor. Long Island Country Houses and Their Architects, 1860–-1940. New York: W. W. Norton and the Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities, 1997.
Roberts, Ann Rockefeller. The Rockefeller Family Home: Kykuit. Photographs by Mary Louise Pierson; captions and additional text by Cynthia Altman. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group, 1998.

Category:American architects
Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Category:People from Marietta, Ohio
Category:1869 births
Category:1966 deaths
Category:Architecture firms based in New York City
Category:Beaux Arts architects
Category:American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts


1914 Kansas State Aggies football team

The 1914 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College in the 1914 college football season.

Schedule

References

Kansas State
Category:Kansas State Wildcats football seasons
Kansas State Aggies football


WWOZ

WWOZ is a non-profit community-supported radio station in New Orleans, Louisiana broadcasting at 90.7 FM. The station specializes in music from or relating to the cultural heritage of New Orleans and the surrounding region of Louisiana.

Programming
WWOZ programming is most heavily weighted toward contemporary jazz and rhythm & blues, with other programming including traditional jazz, blues, Cajun music, zydeco, old time and country music, bluegrass, Gospel, Celtic music and World music.

As the station is known for its support of local music, local musicians are often guests on programs, and sometimes perform live over the air, especially for the station's twice-yearly membership drives.  Musicians and singers such as Rob Cambre, Samirah Evans, Alan Fontenot, Bob French, Hazel the Delta Rambler, Sam Cammarata, Ernie K-Doe, Bobby Mitchell, Davis Rogan, Tom Saunders, John Sinclair, Don Vappie, Dr. Michael White and others have had their own shows on the station.

WWOZ is also known for its location broadcasts of live music events, including the annual New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.

In 2018 WWOZ was honored with the Prestige Award for Station of the Year by the Louisiana Association of Broadcasters in recognition of its on-air programming, the large number of volunteer hosts, live music broadcasts, as well as its "WWOZ in the Schools" program.

History
The founders of WWOZ were brothers Walter and Jerry Brock, from Texas, who thought New Orleans needed a community radio station and began organizing it in the mid-1970s. Jerry is also the co-founder of the Louisiana Music Factory, and a record producer engaged in the works of various local artists. The Nora Blatch Educational Foundation (named after radio pioneer Nora Blatch, wife of Lee De Forest) was established as a non-profit organization to hold the station license.  The call letters WWOZ were chosen as a reference to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, specifically the line, "Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain," meaning that attention should be given to the program content rather than the personalities of the disc jockeys.

The station began broadcasting December 4, 1980 from the tiny transmitter building in Bridge City, Louisiana beneath their shared rented broadcast tower.  A few months later the broadcasts moved to the space the station had been using in a dilapidated two-room apartment upstairs from the music club Tipitina's at Napoleon Avenue and Tchoupitoulas Street in Uptown New Orleans.

Conditions at WWOZ in the early 1980s were spartan. The studio/office had no air-conditioning, and for a time just before moving out of the Tipitina's site the only running water to the tiny bathroom was from a neighbor's garden hose run in through a window.  Everyone who did a show volunteered hours of time on other tasks to keep the station going, from addressing envelopes to sweeping the floor. When artists performing live downstairs at Tipitina's gave their permission, their performances were broadcast via a microphone lowered through a hole in the floor.  When permission to broadcast live performances downstairs could not be obtained, programming went to pre-recorded reel-to-reel tapes, as the music downstairs made it too loud in the studio to talk over the microphones and the vibrations made it impossible to use the station's turntables.

In 1985 WWOZ moved the studio to a building in Louis Armstrong Park in the Tremé neighborhood.  With the station facing financial difficulties, in 1986 the license was transferred to the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Foundation (parent organization of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival)  which helped subsidize the operation. The station later added an office in a small house across St. Philip Street from the studio.

In 1996, Better Than Ezra, an Alternative rock band from New Orleans, wrote a song titled "WWOZ", where they mention this radio station.  WWOZ was also featured on the HBO series Treme.

Effects of Hurricane Katrina

WWOZ made the decision to go off the air at midnight on August 27, 2005 in anticipation of Hurricane Katrina to allow its programmers and staff to evacuate the city.  It actually went off the air slightly earlier, just after 10pm. The last song played before signing off that night was "What the Heck, Let’s Discotheque" by Side Effect, spun by DJ Soul Sister. In the storm the WWOZ studio suffered minor damage but the Park's power system was wiped out and not a repair priority in the big picture, while the WWOZ staff, like the rest of the New Orleans population, was scattered to shelter in several states.  But the station's transmitter atop the Tidewater Building on Canal Street in downtown New Orleans was found to be intact and serviceable, given a studio source.  Within a week WWOZ initiated a webcast as "WWOZ in Exile" via Internet servers at WFMU in New Jersey.  Many long term listeners from around the country donated tapes of WWOZ broadcasts from years gone by, some of which were rebroadcast in part or whole.  On October 18, 2005 WWOZ resumed limited hours of broadcasting over the air in New Orleans, via studio space provided by Louisiana Public Broadcasting in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  The station returned a physical studio to New Orleans in December 2005, using temporary office and studio space at the French Market office building, returning to its airwaves on 15 December.

Much of WWOZ's programming has long been based on the large personal record collections of the various programmers, many of which were lost in the disaster.  For some time after the station returned to the air, one programmer did a series of shows entirely from CDs rescued from the debris in post-Katrina muck.

At first the French Quarter studio was expected to be a temporary arrangement for approximately a year.  However agreements were made for WWOZ to use more space in the French Market office building for studio and office space, and WWOZ has remained at this location, with supplemental offices at the New Orleans Healing Center and in Kenner, Louisiana.

Pre-Katrina, thousands of hours of New Orleans music performances on tape via WWOZ were stored in a non-descript storage site. The floodwaters stopped at the storage container's loading dock and were not lost. The tapes were later shipped to the Library of Congress, which had previously named the WWOZ collection to its National Recording Registry. The Library agreed to store, catalog, and digitize the collection, a process which was expected to take many years to complete. By April 2016, the collection of over 2,000 recordings was made available to the public via walk-in listening in the Library's Recorded Sound Research Center in the Madison Building on Capitol Hill.

Show hosts
WWOZ's on-air show hosts are all volunteers, and receive no compensation for the music that they play on the station, primarily from their personal collections of music. Most of them are deeply involved in the New Orleans music community, and many are musicians. The station does have a small staff of paid personnel who handle the day-to-day operations of the station.

See also
 List of jazz radio stations in the United States
 List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links

 WWOZ.org

 WWOZ MySpace page
 WWOZ Facebook page
 WWOZ Community on Livejournal
 WWOZ Photo Sharing Community on Flickr
 WWOZ Street Talk Multi-media blog on post-Katrina New Orleans subjects

Category:Community radio stations in the United States
Category:Jazz radio stations in the United States
Category:Blues radio stations
Category:Radio stations in New Orleans
Category:Radio stations established in 1980
Category:Jazz in Louisiana
Category:1980 establishments in Louisiana


John Patrick Gorman

John Patrick Gorman (August 8, 1876 – July 3, 1963) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Antigonish in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1942 to 1949. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Born in 1876 at East Tracadie, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Gorman was a commercial traveler. He was educated at La Salle Academy, Halifax. Gorman married Margaret MacKinnon in 1907.

Gorman entered provincial politics in 1942, winning a byelection in the Antigonish riding following the death of John A. MacIsaac. Gorman was re-elected in the 1945 election. He did not reoffer in the 1949 election. Gorman died at Antigonish on July 3, 1963.

References

Category:1876 births
Category:1963 deaths
Category:Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Category:People from Antigonish County, Nova Scotia


Seibu Yūrakuchō Line

The  is an underground commuter railway line operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway in Japan. The line links the Seibu Ikebukuro Line at Nerima Station with the Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line and Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line at Kotake-Mukaihara Station in Nerima, Tokyo.

Stations

Rolling stock

Seibu trains
Seibu 6000 series
Seibu 40000 series

Tokyo Metro trains
Tokyo Metro 7000 series
Tokyo Metro 10000 series

Tokyu trains
 Tokyu 5050-4000 series (since 10 September 2012)

Past rolling stock
Tokyo Metro 07 series

History
The line started out with the section between Shin-Sakuradai and Kotake-Mukaihara, and began through operations with the TRTA (now Tokyo Metro) Yūrakuchō Subway Line. At this point, the line did not connect with any other Seibu Line, so only TRTA trainsets were used. In 1994, the line was extended from Shin-Sakuradai to Nerima, connecting with the Seibu Ikebukuro Line. Because of track elevation work at Nerima, only one track was used. Later in 1998, the section between Shin-Sakuradai and Nerima became double-tracked, and through services with the Ikebukuro Line began.

Station numbering was introduced on all Seibu Railway lines during fiscal 2012, with Seibu Yurakucho Line stations numbered prefixed with the letters "SI" (part of the Seibu Ikebukuro group of lines).

From 10 September 2012, 10-car 5050-4000 series sets entered revenue service on the Seibu Yurakucho Line and Seibu Ikebukuro Line, with inter-running through to the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line.

References

Category:Rail transport in Tokyo
Category:Seibu Yūrakuchō Line
Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan


Kayalıdere, Göynük

Kayalıdere is a village in the District of Göynük, Bolu Province, Turkey. As of 2010 it had a population of 145 people.

References

Category:Populated places in Bolu Province
Category:Göynük District
Category:Villages in Turkey


Rushmoor Arena

Rushmoor Arena is an outdoor arena in Aldershot. The arena was built by the British Army in 1923 for The Aldershot Military Tattoo and it has a current maximum capacity of 30,000. The arena is open-air grassland bowl around a 10 acre central area, without seats.

The venue has been host to many events, including The Aldershot Command Tattoo, The Aldershot Army Show, a 3 day festival, stunt shows, car shows and Rally Car racing.

An oval race track has been built on one of the arenas car parks, and regularly holds Stock Car Racing organised by Spedeworth.

The Aldershot Command Searchlight Tattoo
The Tattoo originated from a special display for Queen Victoria in 1894 and soon became an event in itself.  Its growing popularity required the building of a venue to cater for the large numbers of people attending.  Rushmoor Arena was built in 1923 and the Tattoo became a national spectacle with over 5,000 soldiers taking part.  The Tattoo had annual crowds of up to 500,000 people, and over 58,000 cars. The last Tattoo was held in 1939 before the outbreak of the 2nd World War.

Location
Rushmoor Arena is located on the West side of Aldershot off Bourley Road, close to the Wellington Statue, Aldershot. There is space for 10,000 cars in close proximity to the arena.  Aldershot station is a walking distance of about .

See also
 List of contemporary amphitheatres

References

External links
 Rushmoor Arena website
 The Aldershot Tattoo

Category:Amphitheatres in the United Kingdom
Category:Buildings and structures in Aldershot


Ted Corbett

Ted Corbett (21 February 1935 – 9 August 2017) was an English cricket writer and sports journalist.
He wrote The Great Cricket Betting Scandal (Parrs Wood Press, 2000).

Best known for his cricket journalism, Corbett also covered both rugby codes, soccer, snooker, golf and athletics. He reported extensively on behalf of The Hindu, the Financial Times and other publications. Corbett began his career in 1951, as a tea boy, aged 16, at the Yorkshire Evening Press. During his National Service he edited Japan News, the forces newspaper, in Tokyo.

Following his military service, Corbett returned to York as a sports writer, went on to the Daily Herald, the Daily Mirror, the Daily Telegraph and the Daily Express, before becoming cricket correspondent of the Daily Star in 1982. In 1989, Corbett set up his own sports agency. Corbett also wrote for the Indian daily newspaper The Hindu and its supplementary sports digest, The Sportstar.

References

Category:1935 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Cricket historians and writers
Category:English rugby union commentators


Travon Bryant

Travon Levar Bryant (born February 5, 1983), nicknamed T,  is an American former professional basketball player who currently works as an assistant coach working with player development for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the University of Missouri.

Amateur career
Bryant attended David Starr Jordan High School in Long Beach, California where he was coached by Ron Massey Sr. He was a McDonald's High School All-American who played his college basketball under coach Quin Snyder with the Missouri Tigers at the University of Missouri from 2000 to 2004. Bryant contributed to Missouri's success as a role player in his four years there. Bryant made four three-pointers against the University of Illinois's Fighting Illini in the Mizzou-Illini rivalry game in St. Louis in his senior year.

College statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2000-01
| style="text-align:left;"| Missouri
|24  || 0 ||  ||.485  ||.000 || .281 ||3.5 || 0.4 ||0.3  || 0.6 || 3.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2001-02
| style="text-align:left;"| Missouri
| 36 ||25  ||18.6  ||.576  || .462 ||.510 ||5.4  || 0.8 ||0.6  || 0.8 || 6.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2002-03
| style="text-align:left;"| Missouri
| 33 ||26  ||25.7  || .479 || .360 || .561||5.85  ||1.09  || 0.85 || 1.24 || 8.91
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2003-04
| style="text-align:left;"| Missouri
| 30 ||29  ||26.2  || .515 || .407 || .718|| 6.57 ||1.70  || 0.70 || 1.50 || 10.57
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2|  Career

!123 ||81 || 23.3||.514  || .393 ||.559  || 5.4 ||1.0  || 0.7 ||1.0  || 8.80
|-

NCAA Awards & Honors
All-Big 12 Honorable Mention - 2004

Coaching career
In November 2015, Bryant joined the Oklahoma City Blue as an assistant coach. In June 2017, he joined Brooklyn Nets as an assistant coach working with player development.

Career statistics

Regular season

|-
| align="left" | 2004-05
| align="left" | Iraklis
|  25||  ||24.8  ||.467  ||.286  ||.560  ||6.4 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 0.6 ||10.2
|-
| align="left" | 2005-06
| align="left" | Rodou
|  24||  ||31.4  ||.508  ||.419  ||.554  ||7.4 || 1.3 || 1.1 || 1.1 ||14.5
|-
| align="left" | 2005-06
| align="left" | Treviso
|  16|| 2 ||10.9  ||.453  ||.556  ||.588  ||2.56 || 0.56 || 0.50 || 0.19 ||4.56
|-
| align="left" | 2006-07
| align="left" | Frankfurt
|  28|| 28 ||29.3  ||.511  ||.286  ||.617  ||7.75 || 1.79 || 1.07 || 0.79 ||14.71
|-
| align="left" | 2007-08
| align="left" | Maroussi
|  22||  ||23.7  ||.576  ||.346  ||.522  ||5.1 || 1.0 || 0.9 || 0.4 ||10.3
|-
| align="left" | 2008-09
| align="left" | AEK
|  23||  ||27.3  ||.457  ||.245  ||.711  ||6.8 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 0.8 ||11.6
|-
| align="left" | 2009-10
| align="left" | Panionios
|  21||  ||25.7  ||.535  ||.423  ||.667  ||7.0 || 1.1 || 1.1 || 0.5 ||9.9
|-
| align="left" | 2010-11
| align="left" | Pau
|  21|| 16 ||26.0  ||.509  ||.222  ||.607  ||5.38 || 1.95 || 0.86 || 0.33 ||9.48
|-
| align="left" | 2011-12
| align="left" | Kyiv/Le Mans
|  40|| 5 ||13.9  ||.541  ||.312  ||.745  ||3.08 || 0.70 || 0.45 || 0.28 ||5.40
|-
| align="left" | 2012-13
| align="left" |Cholet
|  36|| 17 ||20.2  ||.520  ||.333  ||.811  ||4.06 || 1.11 || 1.08 || 0.25 ||9.50
|-
| align="left" | 2013-14
| align="left" |Oldenburg
|  8|| 5 ||12.2  ||.345  ||.500  ||.667  ||1.38 || 0.88|| 0.50 || 0.00 ||4.62
|-
| align="left" | 2014-15
| align="left" |Concordia
|  11|| 9 ||24.8  ||.437  ||.000  ||.610  ||8.00 || 1.09|| 0.45 || 0.82 ||9.18
|-
| align="left" | 2014-15
| align="left" | Akita
|  18||  ||19.7  ||.444  ||.250  ||.500  || 6.5 || 1.6 || 0.5 || 1.1 ||6.2
|-

Playoffs

|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2005-06
|style="text-align:left;"|Treviso
| 13 ||  || 10.7 || .472 || .500 || .571 || 1.9 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 0.2 || 4.1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2007-08
|style="text-align:left;"|Marousi
| 13 ||  || 21.7 || .607 || .625 || .625 || 4.9 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 0.6 || 7.2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2009-10
|style="text-align:left;"|Panionios
| 2 ||  || 23.0 || .583 || .500 || .500 || 5.5 || 1.0 || 0.5 || 0.0 || 9.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2011-12
|style="text-align:left;"|Le Mans
| 7 ||  || 11.4 || .571 || .800 || .667 || 2.0 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 6.3
|-

References

External links
Oklahoma City Blue Basketball Operations
Draftexpress.com Profile
Euroleague.net Profile
French League Profile
Missouri Tigers Profile

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:AEK B.C. players
Category:Akita Northern Happinets players
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
Category:American expatriate basketball people in France
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Germany
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Greece
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Italy
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Japan
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Aris B.C. players
Category:Basketball coaches from California
Category:Basketball players from California
Category:BC Budivelnyk players
Category:Brooklyn Nets assistant coaches
Category:Cholet Basket players
Category:Élan Béarnais players
Category:Estudiantes Concordia basketball players
Category:EWE Baskets Oldenburg players
Category:Greek Basket League players
Category:Iraklis Thessaloniki B.C. players
Category:Kolossos Rodou B.C. players
Category:Le Mans Sarthe Basket players
Category:Maroussi B.C. players
Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans
Category:Missouri Tigers men's basketball players
Category:Oklahoma City Blue coaches
Category:Pallacanestro Treviso players
Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Category:Panionios B.C. players
Category:People from Cerritos, California
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:Skyliners Frankfurt players
Category:Sportspeople from Long Beach, California


Jules Humbert-Droz

Jules Frederic Humbert-Droz (1891, in La Chaux-de-Fonds – 1971) was a Swiss Communist and a founding member of the Communist Party of Switzerland. He held high Comintern office through the 1920s and also acted as Comintern emissary to several west European countries. Prior to his becoming a Communist, Humbert-Droz was a pastor. He stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow.

He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, but was involved in the Right Opposition in 1928 and was relocated from Moscow to Latin America. He became a Social Democrat in the 1950s.

References

Category:1891 births
Category:1971 deaths
Category:People from La Chaux-de-Fonds
Category:Swiss Calvinist and Reformed ministers
Category:Social Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians
Category:Swiss communists
Category:Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
Category:Red Orchestra (espionage)
Category:Executive Committee of the Communist International
Category:Swiss expatriates in the Soviet Union


Gustaaf van Hulstijn

Gustaaf van Hulstijn (24 August 1884 – 22 April 1976) was a Dutch fencer. He competed in the individual sabre event at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1884 births
Category:1976 deaths
Category:Dutch male fencers
Category:Olympic fencers of the Netherlands
Category:Fencers at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Category:People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies


1928 Pottsville Maroons season

The 1928 Pottsville Maroons season was their fourth in the league and their last before changing their name to the Boston Bulldogs. The team failed to improve on their previous league output of 5–8, winning only two games. They finished eighth in the league.

Schedule

Standings

References

1928
Pottsville Maroons
Boston


Femoroacetabular impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition involving one or more anatomical abnormalities of the hip joint, which is a ball and socket joint. It is a common cause of hip pain and discomfort in young and middle-aged adults. It occurs when the ball shaped femoral head contacts the acetabulum abnormally or does not permit a normal range of motion in the acetabular socket. Damage can occur to the articular cartilage, or labral cartilage (soft tissue, ring-shaped bumper of the socket), or both. The condition may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. It may cause osteoarthritis of the hip. Treatment options range from conservative management to surgery.

Anatomy
The hip joint is classified as a ball and socket joint, this type of synovial joint allows for multidirectional movement and rotation. There are two bones that make up the hip joint and create an articulation between the femur and pelvis. This articulation connects the axial skeleton with the lower extremity. The pelvic bone, also known as the innominate bone, is formed by three bones fused together: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The musculature of the hip is divided into anterior hip muscles and posterior hip muscles. The major nerve supply that runs through the hip joint is the femoral nerve and the sciatic nerve.

Signs and symptoms
Pain is the most common complaint in those with FAI. It is experienced in a number of areas, making the diagnosis challenging, but commonly occurs in the groin, upper buttock/lower back, the buttock or beneath the buttock, side of the affected hip and posterior upper leg. Onset of symptoms has been reported to present in both an acute and more gradual manner.  The pain is often significant enough to cause a decrease in activity level and movement. Some will also describe decreased range of motion of the affected hip. Another symptom is groin pain associated with activity and no prior history of trauma. Inability to perform activities such as high hip flexion or prolong sitting can also be seen in individuals with FAI.

Cause

FAI is characterized by abnormal contact between the proximal femur and rim of the acetabulum (hip socket). In most cases, patients present with a deformity in the femoral head, or acetabulum, a poorly positioned femoral-acetabular junction, or any or all of the foregoing. The cause of FAI is currently unknown, but both congenital and acquired etiologies have been put forth. Studies have shown an increased incidence in siblings, suggesting a genetic component. At least one study has also shown a predilection in the Caucasian population. It has also been reported to be more common in males. However, there is no concrete evidence to suggest a genetic trait and instead, the most favored theory currently supports that FAI (the cam type in particular) is due to repetitive movements involving the hip (e.g. squatting) in young athletes. Aggravating activities that are commonly reported include repetitive or prolonged squatting, twisting movements of the hip, like pivoting during athletics, getting in and out of cars, and even sitting for prolonged periods. A combination of these factors may also predispose to a form of FAI; predominantly, a marginal developmental hip abnormality together with environmental factors such as recurrent motion of the legs within a supraphysiologic range.

Three types of FAI are recognized (see title image). The first involves an excess of bone along the upper surface of the femoral head, known as a cam deformity (abbreviation for camshaft, which the shape of the femoral head and neck resembles). The second is due to an excess of growth of the upper lip of the acetabular cup and is known as a 'pincer' deformity.  The third is a combination of the two, generally referred to as 'mixed.' The most common type seen, approximately 70% of the time, is the mixed type. A complicating issue is that some of the radiographic findings of FAI have also been described in asymptomatic subjects.

Current literature suggests that the cam type of impingement is associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis. Thus far, no correlation has been seen between the pincer type and development of hip osteoarthritis.

Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation is the first step in diagnosis, but will rarely lead to the diagnosis on its own, due to inconsistent and vague nature of the pain. Childhood and current activity should be inquired about. Physical exam should also involve assessing passive internal rotation of the hip during flexion, as range of motion is reduced in proportion to the size of a cam lesion. Flexing the hip to 90 degrees, adducting, and internally rotating the hip, known as the FADDIR test, should also be performed. It is positive when it causes pain. The FABER test should also be preformed, this test involves flexing, abducting, and externally rotating the hip. The FABER test is useful when diagnosing concurrently with a labral pathology and is considered positive if the position elicits pain. Additional non-invasive ways to observe possible FAI is changes in gait that include a lower peak hip extension and internal rotation to compensate for bony growth.

X-ray

Projectional radiography ("X-ray")is often considered first line for FAI. Anterior-posterior pelvis and a lateral image of the hip in question should be attained. A 45-degree Dunn view is also recommended.

Other modalities
MRI imaging may follow, particularly if there is no specific evidence on radiographs, producing a three-dimensional reconstruction of the joint for better definition, to evaluate the hip cartilage, or measure hip socket angles (e.g. the alpha-angle as described by Nötzli in 2-D and by Siebenrock in 3-D). MR arthrogram had been used in the past, as it was more sensitive for picking up soft tissue lesions; however, due to improvement in technology, MRI is now considered comparable for picking up such lesions. CT is not usually used due to radiation exposure and no benefit above MRI. It is possible to perform dynamic simulation of hip motion with CT or MRI assisting to establish whether, where, and to what extent, impingement is occurring.

The diagnosis is often made in conjunction with a labral tear.

Differential Diagnosis

 Piriformis syndrome or strain
 Labral tear without FAI
 Adductor muscle strain
 Sciatica
 Athletic pubalgia
 Gluteus medius/minimus or illiopsoas tendinopathy
 Stress fracture
 Femoral head osteonecrosis
 Other impingements, including anterior inferior iliac spine, ischiofemoral and iliopsoas
 Loose body in the joint (intra-articular body)

Prevention
Prevention is currently being investigated. The goal of prevention would be to avoid joint damage and premature hip osteoarthritis. Studies are examining the effectiveness of screening adolescents in school and targeting at-risk individuals for education, physical therapy and decreasing participation in possibly harmful activities/sports as referenced in the epidemiology section.

Treatment
Treatment of FAI can be divided into those that are non-operative (conservative) and operative. Conservative treatment is often prescribed for those who have not yet received any therapy. Conservative treatment includes physical therapy, avoidance of those activities that produce pain, and  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It may also include joint injections with cortisone or hyaluronic acid, particularly for those who wish to avoid surgery.

Physical therapy is implemented for the purpose of improving joint mobility, strengthening muscles surrounding the joint, correcting posture, and treating any other muscle or joint deficits that may be exacerbating the condition. A movement analysis may also be performed to identify specific movement patterns that may be causing injury. Studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of physical therapy are currently underway, with no conclusive results to date.

Operative treatment is generally recommended to those who continue to have symptoms. It involves the surgical correction of any bony abnormalities causing the impingement and correction of any soft tissue lesions, such as labral tears. The primary aim of surgery is to correct the fit of the femoral head and acetabulum to create a hip socket that reduces contact between the two, allowing a greater range of movement. This includes femoral head sculpting and/or trimming of the acetabular rim.

Surgery may be arthroscopic or open. A 2011 study analyzing current surgical methods for management of symptomatic femoral acetabular impingement, suggested that the arthroscopic method had surgical outcomes equal to or better than other methods with a lower rate of major complications when performed by experienced surgeons; consequently, the surgery is now rarely done open.

Outcomes of arthroscopic surgery are currently being studied, but have generally been positive. According to a 2019 meta-analysis, the risk of having surgery fail or need to be re operated on is about 5.5% whereas the complication rate is 1.7%. Additionally, patient reported outcomes show that approximately three to six months post-operative hip arthroscopy is when pain reduction and activities of daily life are improved. For sport function this timeline is about six months to a year. Failure of hip arthroscopy is more likely to fail in older patients, females, or those who have experienced the symptoms of FAI for a long period of time.

When performed on elite athletes, most are able to return their previous level of competition. These athletes also have a higher rate of return to sport than recreational and collegiate athletes.

Long term, randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of conservative and operative treatments are underway.

Epidemiology
There has been limited research on the prevalence of FAI among a general population according to a literature review by Algarni. On the other hand, there are many sources that discuss the prevalence of athletes with the condition especially those that are younger and white. Hockey, tennis, soccer, and equestrian are all sports where the prevalence of a femoral neck abnormalities are higher due to the nature of the sport to force athletes into forced, loaded flexion and internal rotation.

Cam lesions are more common in males, where pincer lesions are more common in females due to differences in anatomical development of the pelvis.

History
FAI is a relatively recent discovery. Its original description is credited to orthopedic surgeon Dr. Reinhold Ganz, who first proposed the condition as a cause for hip osteoarthritis in a publication in 2003.

While the true diagnosis of FAI can be considered a relatively recent discovery, reports of damage to the femoroaceatabular region date back over a century ago in the orthopedic realm of medicine. It was not until the development of an open surgical dislocation procedure was developed that FAI was discovered as an anatomical difference and cause of osteoarthritis. Orthopedic surgeon Dr. Reinhold Ganz can be credited with this discovery in his 2003 publication that discussed the findings and relation to hip osteoarthritis.

Society

Notable persons who have suffered hip impingement:

 Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player
 Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
 Greg Norman, Australian golfer
Greg Holland, American baseball player
Charlie Morton, American baseball player
Devin Mesoraco, American baseball player
Isaiah Thomas, American basketball player
Andy Murray, British tennis player
Oscar Hiljemark, Swedish footballer

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) on OrthoInfo
 IMPAKT-HiP (Investigations of Mobility, Physical Activity, and Knowledge in Hip Pain) Study by the Arthritis Research Centre of Canada

Category:Skeletal disorders
Category:Rheumatology
Category:Articles containing video clips


Cañon City, Colorado

Cañon City () is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Fremont County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 16,400 at the 2010 United States Census. Cañon City straddles the easterly flowing Arkansas River and is a popular tourist destination for sightseeing, whitewater rafting, and rock climbing. The city is known for its many public parks, fossil discoveries, Skyline Drive, The Royal Gorge railroad, the Royal Gorge, extensive natural hiking paths,.

In 1994, the United States Board on Geographic Names approved adding the tilde to the official name of Cañon City, a change from Canon City as the official name in its decisions of 1906 and 1975. It is one of the few U.S. cities to have the Spanish Ñ in its name, others being La Cañada Flintridge, California; Española, New Mexico; Peñasco, New Mexico; and Cañones, New Mexico.

History
Cañon City was laid out on January 17, 1858, during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush, but then the land was left idle. A new company "jumped the claim" to the town's site in late 1859, and it put up the first building in February 1860. This town was originally intended as a commercial center for mining in South Park and the upper Arkansas River.

1860s to 1900
In 1861, the town raised two companies of volunteers to serve with the Second Colorado Infantry during the American Civil War. This regiment fought in skirmishes in nearby New Mexico and as far east as the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and Missouri before ending its organization in 1865.

In 1862, A. M. Cassaday drilled for petroleum  north of Cañon City, close to a known oil seep. Cassaday struck oil at the depth of , and he completed the first commercial oil well west of the Mississippi River. He drilled five or six more wells nearby, and he refined kerosene and fuel oil from the petroleum. Cassaday sold the products in Denver.

A number of metal ore smelters were built in Cañon City following the discovery of gold at Cripple Creek in 1891.

Historical designations
The Cañon City Downtown Historic District is an historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Geography
Cañon City is located in eastern Fremont County at  (38.446800, -105.228305) at an altitude of . It sits primarily on the north side of the Arkansas River, just east of where the river exits from Royal Gorge. It is bordered to the south by the unincorporated community of Lincoln Park. Via U.S. Route 50, Pueblo is  to the east and Poncha Springs is  to the west. Colorado Springs is  to the northeast.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.09%, is water. Cañon City sits in the "high desert" land of southern Colorado, the same desert lands of Pueblo and Florence.

Climate

Climate Capital of Colorado
The city's nickname, "the Climate Capital of Colorado", derives from the combination of unique geography and  elevation protecting the city from harsh weather conditions. The average daily high temperature in January is 14 °F (7.8 °C) warmer in Cañon City than in Grand Junction, even though the elevation of Cañon City is higher.

The average minimum temperature in January is . During July, overnight lows are  on average. Cañon City has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk).

Neighborhoods
As Cañon City has grown, the city has both annexed surrounding communities and developed new subdivisions to create the city that exists today.

Dawson Ranch
Eagle Heights
Fireman's Bluff
Four Mile Ranch
Gold Cañon
Meadowbrook
Orchard Park
South Cañon, a historic neighborhood located on the west side south of the Arkansas River
Sunrise Mesa
Western Meadows
Wolf Park

Parks and recreation
Cañon City is home to many city-owned parks, as well as parks owned by the Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District.

City-owned parks
Centennial Park, commonly known as "Duck Park"
Denver & Rio Grande Western Park, commonly known as "Depot Park"
Greydene Park
Magdalene Park
Margaret Park (originally Margarette Park)
Mountain View Park, home of the city's skate park
Red Canyon Park, a  park located  north of the city
Royal Gorge Park, home of the Royal Gorge Bridge and Park
Rudd Park
Temple Canyon Park
Veterans Park, known for Entertainment in the Park concerts during the summer

Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District
The Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District, commonly called the Rec District, was created in 1965 to better serve the community's recreational needs with parks, the R.C. Icabone Pool (a public swimming pool), a dog park, an archery range and a ropes course along with a rec district office with a community room.

The following parks are operated and owned by the Rec District:
John Griffin Park, located near the Sell's Avenue Trailhead of the Riverwalk
Harrison Park, the former playground of the former Harrison Elementary School which had been relocated to a newer, larger school building housing both elementary and middle school students
Pathfinder Regional Park, a joint-managed park located in the county between Cañon City and Florence
Rouse Park

In addition, the city maintains the Tunnel Drive Trail, a four-mile long out-and-back trail that follows the course of an old irrigation canal. The trailhead is located at the west end of Tunnel Drive, just inside the city limits.

The Guy U. Hardy Award for Service to Outdoor Recreation was created in the name of Guy U. Hardy to recognize people in the community who "help preserve, protect and advocate for providing outdoor recreation opportunities." Hardy had a significant impact on outdoor recreational opportunities in the Royal Gorge area.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 15,431 people, 6,164 households, and 3,803 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,284.1 people per square mile (495.7/km²). There were 6,617 housing units at an average density of 550.6 per square mile (212.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.15% White, 1.59% African American, 1.04% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.61% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 8.33% of the population.

There were 6,164 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.90.

The age distribution was 23.5% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,736, and the median income for a family was $42,917. Males had a median income of $31,258 versus $21,849 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,970. About 7.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Law
Along with a police department, sheriff's office and detention center, and a municipal court, Cañon City is home to the courts for Fremont County and the 11th Judicial District of Colorado. It has been described as "America’s cheeriest prison town".

Government
Cañon City is governed via the Council–manager government system. The city council consists of seven members who are elected from districts. The mayor is elected by the entire city.

Economy
The area being situated along the Arkansas River has allowed for soil suitable to orchards, ranching and farming, but Cañon City has slowly transitioned from an agricultural community to more of a diverse economy including not only agriculture, but tourism, education, manufacturing, medicine and many other sectors.

Major employers
Cañon City depends on its tourism industry which includes the Royal Gorge Route Railroad, Royal Gorge Bridge and Park, Red Canyon Park, The Abbey winery, and various other attractions. The major employers in Cañon City include the quaint downtown shops, the entrepreneurial TechSTART initiative that attracts major technology-based entrepreneurs, Colorado Department of Corrections and Centura Health (owner of St. Thomas More Hospital and the Progressive Care Center).

Prisons
Colorado Department of Corrections operates the Colorado Territorial Correctional Facility in Cañon City. In addition to several correctional facilities near Cañon City in unincorporated areas in Fremont County, Colorado State Penitentiary, the location of the state death row and execution chamber is in Fremont County. Other state prisons in Fremont County include Arrowhead Correctional Center, Centennial Correctional Facility, Fremont Correctional Facility, Four Mile Correctional Center, and Skyline Correctional Center.

On October 3, 1929, a riot at the prison claimed 13 lives.

The Colorado Women's Correctional Facility near Cañon City in unincorporated Fremont County, was decommissioned on June 4, 2009.

Prisons have served an important significance to both Cañon City and the surrounding areas of Fremont County, as well as to the state of Colorado. The Museum of Colorado Prisons has been given the role of preserving and presenting the past of the state's corrections system.

Tourism
From Cañon City's Downtown Historic District located in the heart of the city to the Royal Gorge Bridge, there are many places to see and visit in the area.

Media
Cañon City is home to a daily newspaper, called the Cañon City Daily Record; an FM radio station, Star Country 104.5 FM; and a long-running AM radio station, known as KRLN NewsRadio 1400 AM.

Transportation
Transportation in the Cañon City area consists of cab service, shuttle bus service, and a downtown wagon ride. The Royal Gorge Bridge trolley had also been used during special events (it was destroyed in the Royal Gorge Fire, but it was reserved for use by the Royal Gorge Bridge & Park. Jeep tours and Segway tours are also available to explore local parks such as Red Canyon Park or scenic places such as Skyline Drive.

The town is served by the Fremont County airport (1V6) which is 6 miles to the East and currently has no scheduled passenger service. Within an hour's drive is the Colorado Springs airport with daily service by major airlines.

Major roads and highways
The area is served by one state and one U.S. highway with a mix of city and county roads to navigate the city or connect to neighboring areas.

State and national highways
U.S. Highway 50 - named Royal Gorge Boulevard from 1st Street to 15th Street in downtown Cañon
State Highway 115 - connects the city to nearby Florence and Penrose, ending in Colorado Springs

City and county roads
4th Street - connecting Downtown with South Cañon, Oak Creek Grade, Prospect Heights, and Capitol Hill
5th Street - serves as a north-south connector from Downtown north, allows traffic from Skyline Drive to return to U.S. 50
9th Street - serves as a carrier of CO 115 from the roundabout to the junction with U.S. 50, heads north and ends at Washington Street
15th Street - main route north to the hospital, a fire station and a small cluster of businesses
Orchard Avenue
Raynolds Avenue/Ash Street - runs from center of East Cañon to CO 115 via a county road, changes to a gravel road and becomes Chandler Road
MacKenzie / Four Mile Lane - routed to connect from CO 115 as a carrier of CR 20 until the city limits, at Hwy 50, heads north as Four Mile Lane

Bus service
Cañon City is part of Colorado's Bustang network. It is on the Alamosa-Pueblo Outrider line.

Scenic routes
Skyline Drive, major scenic route overlooking Cañon City that was originally built by local inmates at the Territorial Prison

Railroads
The Union Pacific Railroad mothballed the Tennessee Pass line in 1997. In 1998 Rock and Rail LLC was formed, and began operating on the former Union Pacific track between Cañon City and Parkdale. It also operates between Pueblo and Cañon City on lines purchased from the UP Railway. The tourist line Cañon City and Royal Gorge Railroad also operates on the RRRR's track.

Education
See also Cañon City School District
Cañon City's school system is under the direction of the Cañon City School District Fremont RE-1. The district currently has four elementary schools, one charter school, one school serving as both an elementary school and middle school, one middle school and one high school, Cañon City High School. For the higher education needs of the community, Pueblo Community College provides a branch campus on the west end of the city along U.S. Highway 50.

Places of interest
Cañon City State Armory
Cañon City Downtown Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Cañon City Municipal Building, also known as the Royal Gorge Regional Museum and History Center
Colorado State Penitentiary
Dinosaur Depot Museum, currently housed at the Cañon City Municipal Building
Museum of Colorado Prisons
Peabody Mansion, home of the Cañon City Chamber of Commerce
Robison Mansion
Royal Gorge Bridge and Park
Royal Gorge Route Railroad
The Owl Cigar Store

Former places of interest
Buckskin Joe

Notable people

Robert Wesley Amick, artist
Don Bendell, writer
Jack Christiansen, NFL hall-of-famer (Detroit Lions)
Donald S. Fredrickson, medical researcher, former director of the National Institutes of Health and first president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; born in Cañon City
Skip Konte, musician, "Wizard of all Northern Realms"
Vice Admiral Emory S. Land (U.S. Navy), born in Cañon City
Bird Millman, stage name of Jeannadean Engleman, Circus Aerialist, born in Cañon City
James Hamilton Peabody, former Colorado governor
Gregory Van Acker, New York-based playwright and lyricist

In popular culture

The movie Canon City (1948) depicts the real-life 1947 escape of 12 prisoners from nearby Colorado State Penitentiary.

A diner in Cañon City is the setting of the song Navajo Rug, named by the Western Writers of America as one of the Top 100 Western Songs of all time.

A fictional version of the city is depicted in Philip K. Dick's alternate history novel The Man in the High Castle (1963) and its eponymous 2015 television series adaptation. Cañon City is located in an ostensibly demilitarized "neutral zone" situated between the puppet regimes of the Japanese Pacific States, in the west, and Greater Nazi Reich, in the east, in the former United States.

The season 12 premiere of the TV series ER features characters Samantha Taggart and Luka Kovac going to Canon City to find her son, who'd run away to find his father who was in prison there.

In the Japanese manga series, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, a turn-of-the-century race across the United States from San Diego to New York City takes place as the main story of the story's seventh part, Steel Ball Run. Cañon City (spelled Canon City) is featured as the third stage finish line and checkpoint for the racers.

Sister cities
Kahoku, Yamagata (Kahoku Town), Japan
Valday, Novgorod Oblast, Russia

See also

Outline of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
State of Colorado
Colorado cities and towns
Colorado municipalities
Colorado counties
Fremont County, Colorado
Colorado metropolitan areas
Front Range Urban Corridor
South Central Colorado Urban Area
Cañon City, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area
Colorado State Penitentiary
Royal Gorge
List of crossings of the Arkansas River
Royal Gorge Bridge

References

External links

City of Cañon City official website
Cañon City news and information from the Cañon City Daily Record
CDOT map of Canon City
Royal Gorge Region, official visitors guide
Cañon City & Royal Gorge Visitor Information
Cañon City Daily Record
Cañon City School District
Cañon City Chamber of Commerce

Area attractions
Historic Royal Gorge Route Railroad
Museum of Colorado Prisons
Royal Gorge Route
Royal Gorge Bridge and Park
Royal Gorge Whitewater Rafting Trips

Category:Cities in Fremont County, Colorado
Category:Cities in Colorado
Category:County seats in Colorado
Category:Populated places on the Arkansas River

Category:1860 establishments in Kansas Territory


Lewes Martyrs

The Lewes Martyrs were a group of 17 Protestants who were burned at the stake in Lewes, East Sussex, England between 1555 and 1557. These executions were part of the Marian persecutions of Protestants during the reign of Mary I.

On 6 June 1556, Thomas Harland of Woodmancote, Near Henfield, West Sussex , carpenter, John Oswald (or Oseward) of Woodmancote, Near Henfield, West Sussex  husbandman, Thomas Reed of Ardingly, Sussex and Thomas Avington (or Euington) of Ardingly, Sussex, turner were burnt.

Richard Woodman and 9 other people were burned together in Lewes on 22 June 1557, on the orders of Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London — the largest single bonfire of people that ever took place in England.

Together with the Gunpowder Plot, the Lewes Martyrs are commemorated annually on or around 5 November by the Bonfire Societies of Lewes and surrounding towns and villages.

See also
 History of Christianity in Sussex

References

Category:People executed by the Kingdom of England by burning
Category:Executed British people
Category:People executed for heresy
Category:16th-century Protestant martyrs
Category:People executed under Mary I of England
Category:Protestant martyrs of England


Pedregal, David

Pedregal is a corregimiento in David District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of  and had a population of 17,516 as of 2010, giving it a population density of . Its population as of 1990 was 12,731; its population as of 2000 was 15,220.

References

Category:Corregimientos of Chiriquí Province


Samuel Page Duke

Samuel Page Duke (September 5, 1885 – April 25, 1955) was the second President of James Madison University, serving from 1919 to 1949. It is from his name and bulldog that the University draws its nickname and mascot.

Education

Samuel Duke was a graduate of Randolph Macon in 1906. There he played baseball, football, and ran track. In 1910 he moved to Richmond from Oklahoma and received a Master of Arts degree from the Teachers College of Columbia University in 1913.

Career

For two years after his graduation he taught at Willie Halsell College, a Methodist school in Vinita, Oklahoma. In 1908 he moved back to Virginia where he served as a principal in Chase City.

Duke headed the education department at Farmville Normal School (later renamed Longwood University) until 1917, when he was appointed as vice president of the Virginia State Teachers Association. In 1918 Duke became the state supervisor of high schools for the state of Virginia. He held this position until 1919 when he became the president of James Madison University, then called the State Normal School for Women.

During his first 10 years at James Madison University, he would build Alumnae, Sheldon, Keezell, Johnston Halls and Varner House. This achievement would earn him the nickname, "The Builder." At the beginning of his term in 1919 James Madison University was called the State Normal School for Women. In 1924 he campaigned to change the name to State Teachers College at Harrisonburg to reflect a broader mission. During his tenure, Duke would be the first to president of give men degrees from James Madison University, then called State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. On June 12, 1938, Duke renamed the school to Madison College, named after the fourth President of the United States.
He continued to serve the school until 1949 when poor health demanded his resignation.

Personal life

On 26 August 1908 in Georgetown, Texas, he married Linnie Lucile Campbell. They had one daughter and three sons.

References

Category:Presidents of James Madison University
Category:1885 births
Category:1955 deaths


Iglesia de Cristo Pinares del Nort

The Iglesia de Cristo Pinares del Nort is a church in Guatemala City, Guatemala. It is located in Zone 18 of the city.

External links
Guatemala Directory of the churches of Christ

Category:Roman Catholic churches in Guatemala
Category:Buildings and structures in Guatemala City


Front Mission 5: Scars of the War

is a tactical role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix, released in Japan on December 29, 2005. Front Mission 5: Scars of the War is the sixth main entry and ninth entry overall in the Front Mission series. Like other Front Mission titles, Front Mission 5: Scars of the War is part of a serialized storyline that follows the stories of various characters and their struggles involving mecha known as wanzers.

A complete English translation of the game was released as fan-made patch on December 29, 2009 by the group Front Mission: Series Translation Project.

Gameplay
Front Mission 5: Scars of the War borrows much of the core gameplay mechanics found in Front Mission 2, as well as a plethora of features from other Front Mission entries. The game progresses in a linear manner: watch cut-scene events, complete missions, set up their wanzers during intermissions, and sortie for the next mission. Military bases and supply camps act as intermission points where the player can organize and set up their units for the upcoming mission.

Missions in Scars of the War are traditional tactical RPG fare, ranging from destroying all enemy targets to protecting a certain allied target. There are a number of returning features from Front Mission 2 that are used for mission play, namely Action Points (AP) and Links. Action Points (AP) is a feature that dictates how much actions can be done with each unit. Actions such as moving and attacking require a certain amount of AP to use. At the end of a full turn, which is one Player Phase and Enemy Phase, a set amount of AP is replenished. A unit's AP amount and recharge value depends on its pilot's proficiency levels; the higher it is, the greater the amount of AP that can be used and replenished.

Links is a feature that allows multiple units to provide offensive and defensive support to each other during battles. Scars of the War streamlines this feature by allowing up to six units to form one "link" for Player Phase and Enemy Phase battles. As long as a unit's pilot has a Link-class skill and the appropriate weapons equipped, they can participate in linked battles. Incorporated into the Links feature is pilot types; this dictates the linked actions that a unit can do during combat. For example, an aggressive pilot will attack with complete disregard for friendly fire situations and AP. Likewise, a defensive pilot will avoid causing friendly fire, but will disregard this concern if they have used repairs on an allied unit in the line of fire.

Returning features aside, Scars of the War has a number of new gameplay mechanics, the most notable being friendly fire. Unlike other Front Mission titles, any units in a weapon's line of fire will be subject to being hit by its rounds. Each weapon class has a distinct firing path; for example, shotgun rounds spread in mid-flight and can hit units away from its firing path. Another new addition is part skills; parts can be equipped with special features that grant them unique properties. For example, rifles can shoot through multiple targets in its line of fire with the part skill "Piercing". Auxiliary backpacks from Front Mission 4 that make a return include: item, turbo, repair, jetpack, sensor, and EMP backpacks. Several of the auxiliary backpacks have new functions: item backpacks come with a small increase in power output, sensor backpacks can use EMP, and EMP backpacks can add armor coats or repair damaged parts.

Outside of battles, Scars of the War also boasts a New Game + option as well as a Hard Mode difficulty setting. Other returning features from other Front Mission entries include: Arena, Battle Simulator, briefings, mission branching, and remodeling. Other new features to Scars of the War include: part sorting, scouting, Survival Simulator, and Theater Mode.

 Arena is a feature where the player can field a number of pilots to battle Arena combatants, controlled by AI, for monetary rewards (Command Points, or CP). The player can also battle characters from past Front Mission entries.
 Briefings are shown to aid the player about mission conditions, special notes, and special enemies. Pictures, streaming data, and the ability to review the mission area are used to illustrate these details.
 Battle Simulator is a VR simulator where the player can improve the combat proficiencies of their pilots. These simulators can be taken and repeated at any given time.
 Mission branching is an option that allows the player to choose what type of mission they can play next. This feature is seen several times in the game.
 Parts and weapons that are purchased can be upgraded through remodeling. New to remodeling in this game is part optimization; when using Remodel Points (RP), a part can transform into one of many derivative versions from its part set.
 Parts, auxiliary backpacks, weapons, and items can be arranged in a number of ways through part sorting.
 Scouting allows the player to recruit extra pilots to their platoon. The range of pilots that can be recruited increases as the game progresses. Over 80 pilots can be scouted, with a maximum of 12 pilots being used at any given time.
 Survival Simulator is a simulator where the player goes through a set number of floors with one pilot. Upon completing the simulator or finding the item "Escape Code", the player can end the simulation and bring items found in the floors back to the main game. Any leftover item space is converted into RP.
 In Theater Mode, the player can view event cut-scenes that have taken place based on when the save file was made. Players can also change their wanzer setups at any given time.

Story
Unlike all other Front Mission titles, the story of Scars of the War uses a very different approach. Set over the course of five decades starting from 2070, the game encapsulates and concludes the entire serialized storyline. All unresolved plot elements from past Front Mission entries are finally brought to their conclusion as the story unfolds. However, because of this storytelling approach, only players who have played all of the previous entries can fully understand the game's story. These entries are: Front Mission 2089, Front Mission 2089-II, Front Mission: Online, Front Mission, Front Mission 2, Front Mission 3, and Front Mission 4. Additionally, there are several story elements from Front Mission Alternative that are also resolved in the game.

Globalization sweeps the world in the early 21st century. Facing a recession and other worldwide crises, many nations set aside their differences and form supranational unions. The European Union, formed in 1993, was renamed the European Community (EC) in 2005 when all nations of Europe joined the bloc. In 2015, the Commonwealth of Independent States unites to form the Republic of Zaftra. In 2020, the countries of North America and South America band together to create the United States of the New Continent (USN). The nations of Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania form the Oceania Cooperative Union in 2026. The countries of Africa unite under the Organization of African Consolidation in 2030. Nation-states became a relic of the past as less countries are willing to face the world's crises alone. As a result, conflicts are less frequent, economies prosper, the quality of life improves, and peace in long-troubled regions are finally achieved. However, this dream does not last long as new conflicts show the world that mankind never learns from its mistakes.

Plot
The plot of Scars of the War revolves around USN soldier Walter Feng. When Huffman Island is deemed ready for colonization by the United Nations in 2065, Feng becomes one of the island's first immigrants. Living in Freedom City, Walter befriends two other children - Randy O'Neill and Glen Duval. The three boys experience first-hand the realities of war during the outbreak of the 1st Huffman Conflict in 2070; Walter and Glen are literally scarred by shell casings during a battle in Freedom City. The three boys were separated at the end of the war when the USN forcefully repatriates Walter and Randy, and Glen is forcefully repatriated by the OCU. The three reunites during a peacekeeping operation as soldiers for their respective armies during the Huffman Crisis in 2086. Upon seeing Glen pilot a wanzer, Walter and Randy sign up for the USN Army's wanzer training program. As tensions between the OCU and USN elevate to a new high from the Larcus Incident, the two men qualify as wanzer pilots.

However, on the same day they qualify, Walter and Randy are sent off to fight in the 2nd Huffman Conflict. During the invasion of Freedom City, they encounter Glen in the suburbs of city and defeat him. Feng and O'Neill visit Duval before he is shipped off to a POW camp. A year later, the three face off again on the battlefield - this time, Glen easily defeats his friends. However, instead of showing mercy, Glen kills Randy inside his cockpit block. A ceasefire between the OCU and the USN is declared shortly after he escapes. Traumatized by the experience, Walter cleans up Randy's quarters in an attempt to move on with life. Seeing an application form for the Strike Wyverns assault unit, Feng signs the form and undergoes intensive training. He passes the test and joins the unit, where he meets his old friend Edward Collins and new commanding officer Lynn Wenwright (who happens to be his childhood sweetheart).

Over the next few years, Walter participates in numerous military operations and begins to take an interest in the conflicts he gets involved with. From Zaftra's struggles involving natural resources to pro-independence movements in the OCU, Feng gets drawn into a global war between nationalism and globalization that has been on-going for decades. At the heart of this conflict is the Grimnir - a terrorist organization aimed at destabilizing the supranational unions and return to a world governed by nation-states.

Development
Front Mission 5 was first announced in a press conference at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2004. The game was developed by Square Enix's sixth production team, under the direction of the series' creator Toshiro Tsuchida. The team is the same that worked on Front Mission 4, albeit with new members. The developers intended for Front Mission 5 to have a more cinematic focus than previous installments — the game was the series' first foray into cut scene-based storytelling.

The game was showcased in non-playable form at the Tokyo Game Show of September 2005. A postcard exchangeable for a limited-edition Trading Arts figure - Glen's Kyojun wanzer - was included as a bonus for pre-ordering the game. It was showcased in playable form at the Jump Festa in 2006. A strategy guide for the game was published by Enterbrain on March 18, 2006.

Music

The soundtrack for Front Mission 5: Scars of the War, which is the longest in the series, was primarily composed by Hidenori Iwasaki, with contributions from Kenichiro Fukui and one track written by Iwasaki's synth operator Yasuhiro Yamanaka. The commercial song "Blue Stream" was composed by Masayoshi Soken.

Reception and legacy

In its first week of sales in Japan, Front Mission 5: Scars of War sold 146,209 units. By the middle of January 2006, Scars of the War had sold over 200,000 units and moved enough sales for the Front Mission series to surpass 3 million cumulative sales worldwide. The game was later released under Ultimate Hits line, suggesting the game did well as products in the line have sold 250,000 units or more.

In RPG Fan's Games of 2006 feature, the reasons for it being the Import RPG of the Year make note of the game's improvements and excellent execution in design and functionality. The game was also voted the runner-up Strategy RPG of the Year by RPG Fan in their "Games of 2006" awards.

While the developers acknowledge the good reception of the cinematic focus of the game, they noted that later entries in the series would not necessarily follow the same direction. Elements from Scars of the War, such as the character Glen Duval, were featured in the 2007 port of Front Mission First for the Nintendo DS.

References

External links
Front Mission 5: Scars of the War at Square-Enix.com
Front Mission official website at Square-Enix.com
Ten-Mou / Worldwide Network System
Front Mission 5 at IGN
Fan Translation Project

Category:2005 video games
Category:Front Mission
Category:Japan-exclusive video games
Category:PlayStation 2 games
Category:PlayStation 2-only games
Category:Tactical role-playing video games
Category:Video games developed in Japan
Category:Video games set in Kiribati
Category:Video games set in Oceania
Category:Video games scored by Kenichiro Fukui


Elvis Džafić

Elvis Džafić (born 19 December 1990) is a Slovenian professional football goalkeeper who plays for FK Sarajevo in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Club career

Early career
Džafić started of his career at NK Svoboda Ljubljana where he played for the youth team and later on for the seniors as well.

Olimpija Ljubljana
In 2010, Džafić signed with Slovenian PrvaLiga club NK Olimpija Ljubljana. He made 64 league appearances for Olimpija in the rowspan of four seasons, the most being in the 2011–12 season making 33 league appearances. He left Olimpija in 2014.

Triglav
After leaving Olimpija, Džafić signed with NK Triglav Kranj, who back then played in the Slovenian Second League. He won the 2016–17 Slovenian Second League with Triglav and gained promotion to the 2017–18 Slovenian PrvaLiga.

He made 80 league appearances for Triglav, being a first team regular for the whole time. He left Triglav in 2018.

Sarajevo
On 17 August 2018, Džafić signed a contract with Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina club FK Sarajevo. He made his official debut for Sarajevo on 19 September 2018 in a 1–0 away win in the first round of the 2018–19 Bosnian Cup season against FK Velež Mostar.

In the 2018–19 season, Džafić won the double with Sarajevo winning both the Bosnian Cup and the Premier League.

He made his first league appearance for Sarajevo in a 2–1 away league win against Velež Mostar on 23 November 2019.

International career
Džafić made two appearances for the Slovenia U21 team in 2012.

Personal life
His family is from Bosnia and Herzegovina. His father is from Bosanski Novi and his mother is from Ključ.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Triglav Kranj
Slovenian Second League: 2016–17

Sarajevo
Bosnian Premier League: 2018–19
Bosnian Cup: 2018–19

References

External links

Player profile at PrvaLiga

Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Ljubljana
Category:Slovenian footballers
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Slovenia under-21 international footballers
Category:Slovenian expatriate footballers
Category:NK Svoboda Ljubljana players
Category:Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Category:Slovenian Second League players
Category:NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) players
Category:NK Triglav Kranj players
Category:FK Sarajevo players
Category:Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Bosnia and Herzegovina


New York–Penn League

The New York–Penn League is a Minor League Baseball league which operates in the northeastern United States. It is classified as a Class A Short Season league; its season starts in June, after major league teams have signed their amateur draft picks to professional contracts, and ends in early September.

As of the 2018 season, the league includes 14 teams from eight different states. In addition to New York and Pennsylvania, from which the league draws its name, the NYPL also has clubs in Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, West Virginia, and Connecticut.

The Brooklyn Cyclones are the most recent league champions, defeating the Lowell Spinners two games to one.

History
The league was founded in 1939 with the name Pennsylvania – Ontario – New York League in a hotel in Batavia, New York.  This was generally shortened to PONY League.  The original teams included the Batavia Clippers, Bradford Bees, Hamilton Red Wings, Jamestown Jaguars, Niagara Falls Rainbows, and Olean Oilers; all were based in or near Western New York.  The Oilers, a Brooklyn Dodgers affiliate, won both the regular-season and playoff championships. Batavia is the last remaining charter city in the league.

The Hamilton Red Wings folded early in the 1956 season, and with no more teams in Ontario, the league adopted its current name in 1957.  The league crossed back into Canada with the formation of the St. Catharines Blue Jays in 1986.  They were joined by the Hamilton Redbirds in 1987 and the Welland Pirates in 1989, but all three clubs had moved back to the United States by 2000.

The New York–Penn circuit was originally a Class D league (the minors' lowest classification through 1962). It was a full-season Class A league from 1963 through 1966, and became a short-season Class A league in 1967.

At least half the leagues teams (Auburn, Batavia, Connecticut, Lowell, Staten Island, Vermont and Williamsport) would be shuttered when the current MLB/MiLB agreement ends at the end of the 2020 season, under a proposed plan calling for the Short Season Class A designation to be eliminated.

Player limits and requirements
New York–Penn League teams may have no more than three players on their active lists that have four or more years of prior combined Major League/Minor League service, with the exception of position players changing roles to become pitchers and vice versa. Teams can eliminate up to one year of Minor League service for players who have spent time on the disabled list.

By July 1 of each year, all clubs must have at least 10 pitchers.

The maximum number of players under team control is 35, 30 of whom may be active. However, only 25 may be in uniform and eligible to play in any given game.

Current teams

Current team rosters

Past champions

League champions have been determined by different means since the New York–Penn League's formation in 1939. For a few seasons in the 1960s and 1970s, no playoffs were held and the league champions were simply the regular season pennant winners. Most seasons, however, have ended with playoffs to determine a league champion.

The Oneonta Tigers have won 12 championships, the most among all teams in the league, followed by the Auburn Mets/Twins/Phillies/Doubledays (8) and the Jamestown Falcons/Expos (7). Among active franchises, Auburn has won 8 championships, the most in the league, followed by the Staten Island Yankees (6) and the Batavia Clippers/Pirates/Muckdogs (4).

PONY/NY–Penn League teams (1939–present)

Aberdeen IronBirds
Auburn Americans
Auburn Astros
Auburn Doubledays
Auburn Mets
Auburn Phillies
Auburn Red Stars
Auburn Sunsets
Auburn Twins
Auburn Yankees
Batavia Clippers
Batavia Indians
Batavia Muckdogs
Batavia Pirates
Batavia Trojans
Binghamton Triplets
Bradford Beagles
Bradford Bees
Bradford Blue Wings
Bradford Phillies
Bradford Yankees
Brooklyn Cyclones
Connecticut Tigers
Corning Athletics
Corning Cor-Sox
Corning Independents
Corning Red Sox
Corning Royals
Elmira Pioneers
Erie Cardinals

Erie Orioles
Erie Sailors
Erie Senators
Geneva Cubs
Geneva Pirates
Geneva Redlegs
Geneva Senators
Geneva Twins
Glens Falls Redbirds
Hamilton Cardinals
Hamilton Redbirds
Hamilton Red Wings
Hornell Dodgers
Hornell Maple Leafs
Hornell Maples
Hornell Redlegs
Hudson Valley Renegades
Jamestown Braves
Jamestown Dodgers
Jamestown Expos
Jamestown Falcons
Jamestown Jaguars
Jamestown Jammers
Jamestown Tigers
Little Falls Mets
Lockport Cubs
Lockport Reds
Lockport White Socks
Lockport White Sox
London Pirates

Lowell Spinners
Mahoning Valley Scrappers
New Jersey Cardinals
Newark Co-Pilots
Newark Orioles
Niagara Falls Pirates
Niagara Falls Rainbows
Niagara Falls Rapids
Niagara Falls Sox
Olean A's
Olean Giants
Olean Oilers
Olean Red Sox
Olean Yankees
Oneonta Red Sox
Oneonta Tigers
Oneonta Yankees
Pittsfield Astros
Pittsfield Mets
Queens Kings
St. Catharines Blue Jays
St. Catharines Stompers
State College Spikes
Staten Island Yankees
Tri-City ValleyCats

Utica Blue Jays
Utica Blue Sox
Vermont Expos
Vermont Lake Monsters
Watertown Indians
Watertown Pirates
Welland Pirates
Wellsville Braves
Wellsville Nitros
Wellsville Red Sox
Wellsville Rockets
Wellsville Senators
Wellsville Yankees
West Virginia Black Bears
Williamsport Astros
Williamsport Crosscutters
Williamsport Cubs
Williamsport Red Sox
York White Roses

Cities represented
(Current teams in bold)

Connecticut
Norwich: 2010–present (9 seasons)

Maryland
Aberdeen: 2002–present (17 seasons)

Massachusetts
Lowell: 1996–present (23 seasons)
 Pittsfield: 1989–2001 (13 seasons)

New Jersey
 Augusta: 1994–2005 (12 seasons)

New York
Auburn: 1958–1980, 1982–present (60 seasons)
Batavia: 1939–1959, 1960–present (80 seasons)
 Binghamton: 1964–66 (3 seasons)
Brooklyn: 2001–present (18 seasons)
 Corning: 1951–60, 1968–69 (12 seasons)
 Elmira: 1957–61, 1973–95 (28 seasons)
Fishkill: 1994–present (25 seasons)
 Geneva: 1958–73, 1977–93 (33 seasons)
 Glens Falls: 1993 (1 season)
 Jamestown: 1939–57, 1962–1973, 1977–2014 (67 seasons)
 Hornell: 1942–57 (16 seasons)
 Little Falls: 1977–88 (12 seasons)
 Lockport: 1942–50 (9 seasons)
 Newark: 1968–79, 1983–87 (17 seasons)
 Niagara Falls: 1939–40, 1970–79, 1982–85, 1989–93 (21 seasons)
 Olean: 1939–59, 1961–66 (27 seasons)
 Oneonta: 1966–2009 (44 seasons)
 Queens: 2000 (1 season)
Staten Island: 1999–present (20 seasons)
Troy: 2002–present (17 seasons)
 Utica: 1977–2001 (25 seasons)
 Watertown: 1983–98 (16 seasons)
 Wellsville: 1942–1961, 1963–65 (23 seasons)

Ohio
Youngstown: 1999–present (20 seasons)

Pennsylvania
 Bradford: 1939–42, 1944–57 (18 seasons)
 Erie: 1954–63, 1967, 1981–93, 1995–98 (28 seasons)
State College: 2006–present (13 seasons)
Williamsport: 1968–72, 1994–present (30 seasons)
York: 1923-1933, 1936(moved to Trenton July 2) (12 seasons)

Vermont
Burlington: 1994–present (25 seasons)

West Virginia
Morgantown: 2015–present (4 seasons)

Ontario
 Hamilton: 1939-42, 1946–56, 1988–92 (20 seasons)
 London: 1940–42 (2 seasons)
 St. Catharines: 1986–1999 (14 seasons)
 Welland: 1989–94 (5 seasons)

Hall of Fame

The New York–Penn League Hall of Fame was established in 2012 to honor league players, managers, and executives for their accomplishments or contributions to the league in playing or administrative roles. The Hall of Fame inducted its first class of seven men in 2012. New members are elected before the start of each season.

References

External links

Category:Minor baseball leagues in the United States

Category:Baseball leagues in New York (state)
Category:Baseball leagues in Pennsylvania


Bahntower

The Bahntower, also written as BahnTower and Bahn-Tower, (English: Railway Tower) is a 26-story, 103 m (338 ft) skyscraper on the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany. Built between 1998 and 2000, the Bahntower provides 22,000 m² (236,806 sq ft)
of office space for the headquarters of Deutsche Bahn (English: German Railway). It is the sixth-tallest building in Berlin and the sixty-fourth tallest building in Germany.

History

In 2007 and 2008, it was reported that the small pieces of glass had fallen onto the street from cracks in the façade. This was followed in 2016 by a near-fatal incident in which a pane of glass measuring 30 cm by 150 cm (1 ft by 5 ft) fell onto a car on the street below.

The original owner of the skyscraper was Sony as part of the wider Sony Center. In February 2008, Morgan Stanley and others bought the Sony Center with the tower for €600m. In 2007, Deutsche Bahn had planned to move to a new headquarters built by Danish company 3XN outside the Berlin Hauptbahnhof, although this fell through and Deutsche Bahn extended its Bahntower contract.

When Morgan Stanley's real estate funds came into difficulties they sold their stake to South Korea's National Pension Service in 2010.

In 2016, the Bahntower was featured in the Berlin skyline scene, which is part of the Lego Architecture series.

References

Category:Skyscrapers in Berlin
Category:Buildings and structures in Berlin
Category:Helmut Jahn buildings
Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Germany
Category:Office buildings completed in 2000