Adolphe Menjou

Adolphe Jean Menjou (February 18, 1890 – October 29, 1963) was an American actor. His career spanned both silent films and talkies. He appeared in such films as  Charlie Chaplin's A Woman of Paris, where he played the lead role; Stanley Kubrick's Paths of Glory with Kirk Douglas; Ernst Lubitsch's The Marriage Circle;  The Sheik with Rudolph Valentino; Morocco with Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper; and A Star Is Born with Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, and was nominated for an Academy Award for The Front Page in 1931.

Early life
Menjou was born on February 18, 1890, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to a French father, Albert Menjou (1858–1917), and an Irish mother from Galway, Nora (née Joyce 1869–1953). His brother, Henry Arthur Menjou (1891–1956), was a year younger. He was raised Catholic, attended the Culver Military Academy, and graduated from Cornell University with a degree in engineering. Attracted to the vaudeville stage, he made his movie debut in 1916 in The Blue Envelope Mystery. During World War I, he served as a captain in the United States Army Ambulance Service, for which he trained in Pennsylvania before going overseas.

Career and stardom
After returning from the war, Menjou became a star in such films as The Sheik and The Three Musketeers. When he starred in 1923's A Woman of Paris, he solidified the image of a well-dressed man-about-town, and was voted Best Dressed Man in America nine times. In 1929, he attended the preview of Maurice Chevalier's first Hollywood film Innocents of Paris, and personally reassured Chevalier that he would enjoy a great future, despite the mediocre screenplay. His own career stalled with the coming of talkies, but in 1930, he starred in Morocco, with Marlene Dietrich. He was nominated for an Academy Award for The Front Page (1931).

Political beliefs
Menjou was a staunch Republican who equated the Democratic Party with socialism. He supported the Hoover administration's policies during the Great Depression. Menjou told a friend that he feared that if a Democrat won the White House, they "would raise taxes [and] destroy the value of the dollar," depriving Menjou of a good portion of his wealth. He took precautions against this threat: "I've got gold stashed in safety deposit boxes all over town... They'll never get an ounce from me." In the 1944 presidential election, he joined other celebrity Republicans at a rally in the Los Angeles Coliseum, organized by studio executive David O. Selznick, to support the Dewey–Bricker ticket and Governor Earl Warren of California, who would be Dewey's running mate in 1948. The gathering drew 93,000, with Cecil B. DeMille as the master of ceremonies and short speeches by Hedda Hopper and Walt Disney. Despite the rally's large turnout, most Hollywood celebrities who took public positions supported the Roosevelt–Truman ticket.

In 1947, Menjou cooperated with the House Committee on Un-American Activities saying that Hollywood "is one of the main centers of Communist activity in America". He added: "it is the desire and wish of the masters of Moscow to use this medium for their purposes" which is "the overthrow of the American government". Menjou was a leading member of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, a group formed to oppose communist influence in Hollywood, whose other members included John Wayne, Barbara Stanwyck (with whom Menjou costarred in Forbidden in 1932 and Golden Boy in 1939) and her husband, actor Robert Taylor.

Because of his political leanings, Menjou came into conflict with actress Katharine Hepburn, with whom he appeared in Morning Glory, Stage Door, and State of the Union (also starring Spencer Tracy). Hepburn was strongly opposed to the HUAC hearings, and their clashes were reportedly instant and mutually cutting. During a government deposition, Menjou said, "Scratch a do-gooder, like Hepburn, and they'll yell, 'Pravda'." To this, Hepburn called Menjou "wisecracking, witty—a flag-waving super-patriot who invested his American dollars in Canadian bonds and had a thing about Communists." In his book Kate, Hepburn biographer William Mann said that during the filming of State of the Union, she and Menjou spoke to each other only while acting.

Later years and death
Menjou ended his film career with such roles as French General George Broulard in Stanley Kubrick's film Paths of Glory (1957).

In 1955, Menjou played Dr. Elliott Harcourt in "Barrier of Silence", episode 19 of the first season of the television series Science Fiction Theatre. He guest-starred as Fitch, with Orson Bean and Sue Randall as John and Ellen Monroe, in a 1961 episode, "The Secret Life of James Thurber", based on the works of American humorist James Thurber, in the CBS anthology series The DuPont Show with June Allyson. He also appeared in the Thanksgiving episode of NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford, which aired on November 22, 1956. His final film role was that of the town curmudgeon in Disney's Pollyanna (1960).

Menjou died on October 29, 1963 of hepatitis in Beverly Hills, California. He is interred beside Verree at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Personal life

Menjou was married to Verree Teasdale from 1934 until his death on October 29, 1963; they had one adopted son. He previously married Kathryn Carver in 1928; they divorced in 1934. A prior marriage to Kathryn Conn Tinsley also ended in divorce.

In 1948, Menjou published his autobiography, It Took Nine Tailors.

Legacy

For his contributions to the motion picture industry, Menjou has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6826 Hollywood Boulevard.

Cultural references
Because of Menjou's public support of HUAC, the propaganda of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) often depicted their western opponents with Menjou-style moustaches, and it was considered a statement of political opposition to trim one's moustache that way. The style became a symbol for the resourceful criminal, and in Germany is still called Menjou-Bärtchen (Menjou beardlet). In German film and theatre, dubious men, opportunists, corrupt politicians, fraudulent persuaders, marriage impostors and other "slick" criminals often wear Menjou-Bärtchen. In real life, the style is often associated with opportunism.

Salvador Dalí admired Adolphe Menjou.
He declared "la moustache d'Adolphe Menjou est surréaliste" and began offering fake mustaches from a silver cigarette case to other people with the words "Moustache? Moustache?" Moustache?"

One of the most famous photographs by the avant-garde photographer Umbo is  titled "Menjou En Gros" ca. 1928.

Filmography

 The Acid Test (1914, Short) as Extra (uncredited)
 The Man Behind the Door (1914) as Ringmaster (uncredited)
 A Parisian Romance (1916) as Julianai
 Nearly a King (1916) as Baron
 The Price of Happiness (1916) as Howard Neal
 The Habit of Happiness (1916) as Society Man (uncredited)
 The Crucial Test (1916) as Count Nicolai
 The Devil at His Elbow (1916) as Wilfred Carleton
 The Reward of Patience (1916) as Paul Dunstan
 Manhattan Madness (1916) as Minor Role (uncredited)
 The Scarlet Runner (1916) as Bit Part
 The Kiss (1916) as Pennington
 The Blue Envelope Mystery (1916) as Bit Part (uncredited)
 The Valentine Girl (1917) as Joe Winder
 Wild and Woolly (1917) (uncredited)
 The Amazons (1917) (uncredited)
 An Even Break (1917) as Bit Part (uncredited)
 The Moth (1917) as Teddy Marbridge / The Husband
 What Happened to Rosa (1920) as Reporter Friend of Dr. Drew (uncredited)
 The Faith Healer (1921) as Dr. Littlefield
 Courage (1921) as Bruce Ferguson
 Through the Back Door (1921) as James Brewster
 The Three Musketeers (1921) as Louis XIII
 Queenie (1921) as Count Michael
 The Sheik (1921) as Dr. Raoul de St. Hubert
 Head Over Heels (1922) as Sterling
 Arabian Love (1922) as Captain Fortine (uncredited)
 Is Matrimony a Failure? (1922) as Dudley King
 The Fast Mail (1922) as Cal Baldwin
 The Eternal Flame (1922) as Duc de Langeais
 Pink Gods (1922) as Louis Barney
 Clarence (1922) as Hubert Stein
 Singed Wings (1922) as Bliss Gordon
 The World's Applause (1923) as Robert Townsend
 Bella Donna (1923) as Mr. Chepstow
Rupert of Hentzau (1923) as Count Rischenheim
 A Woman of Paris (1923) as Pierre Revel
 The Spanish Dancer (1923) as Don Salluste
 The Marriage Circle (1924) as Prof. Josef Stock
 Shadows of Paris (1924) as Georges de Croy, His Secretary
 The Marriage Cheat (1924) as Bob Canfield
 Broadway After Dark (1924) as Ralph Norton
 For Sale (1924) as Joseph Hudley
 Broken Barriers (1924) as Tommy Kemp
 Sinners in Silk (1924) as Arthur Merrill
 Open All Night (1924) as Edmund Durverne
 The Fast Set (1924) as Ernest Steel
 Forbidden Paradise (1924) as Chancellor
 A Kiss in the Dark (1925) as Walter Grenham
 The Swan (1925) as Albert von Kersten-Rodenfels
 Are Parents People? (1925) as Mr. Hazlitt
 Lost: A Wife (1925) as Tony Hamilton
 The King on Main Street (1925) as King Serge IV of Molvania
 The Grand Duchess and the Waiter (1926) as Albert Durant
 Fascinating Youth (1926) as Himself
 A Social Celebrity (1926) as Max Haber
 The Ace of Cads (1926) as Chappel Maturin
 The Sorrows of Satan (1926) as Prince Lucio de Rimanez
 Blonde or Brunette (1927) as Henri Martel
 Evening Clothes (1927) as Lucien d'Artois
 Service for Ladies (1927) as Albert Leroux
 A Gentleman of Paris (1927) as Marquis de Marignan
 Serenade (1927) as Franz Rossi
 A Night of Mystery (1928) as Captain Ferreol
 His Tiger Wife (1928) as Henri
 His Private Life (1928, with Kathryn Carver) as Georges St. Germain
 Marquis Preferred (1929) as Marquis d'Argenville
 Fashions in Love (1929) as Paul de Remy
 Soyons gais (1930) as Bob Brown
 Mon gosse de père (1930) as Jérome
 Amor audaz (1930) as Albert d'Arlons
 Mysterious Mr. Parkes (1930) as Courtenay Parkes
 Morocco (1930) as Monsieur La Bessiere
 New Moon (1930) as Governor Boris Brusiloff
 The Easiest Way (1931) as William Brockton
 Men Call It Love (1931) as Tony
 The Front Page (1931) as Walter Burns
 The Great Lover (1931) as Jean Paurel
 The Parisian (1931) as Jérome Rocheville
 Friends and Lovers (1931) as Captain Geoffrey Roberts
 Prestige (1931) as Capt. Remy Bandoin
 Wir schalten um auf Hollywood (1931) as Himself
 Forbidden (1932) as Bob
 Wife Beware (1932, first film ever shown at a drive-in) as Maj. Carey Liston
 Bachelor's Affairs (1932) as Andrew Hoyt
 Diamond Cut Diamond (1932) as Dan McQueen
 The Night Club Lady (1932) as Police Commissioner Thatcher Colt
 A Farewell to Arms (1932) as Rinaldi
 The Circus Queen Murder (1933) as Thatcher Colt
 Morning Glory (1933) as Louis Easton
 The Worst Woman in Paris? (1933) as Adolphe Ballou
 Convention City (1933) as T.R. (Ted) Kent
 Easy to Love (1934) as John
 Journal of a Crime (1934) as Paul Moliet
 The Trumpet Blows (1934) as Pancho Montes / Pancho Gomez
 Little Miss Marker (1934) as Sorrowful Jones
 The Great Flirtation (1934) as Stephan Karpath
 The Human Side (1934) as Gregory Sheldon
 The Mighty Barnum (1934) as Bailey Walsh
 Gold Diggers of 1935 (1935) as Nicolai Nicoleff
 Broadway Gondolier (1935) as Professor Eduardo de Vinci
 The Milky Way (1936) as Gabby Sloan
 Sing, Baby, Sing (1936) as Bruce Farraday
 Wives Never Know (1936) as J. Hugh Ramsey
 One in a Million (1936) as Tad Spencer
 A Star Is Born (1937) as Oliver Niles
 Café Metropole (1937) as Monsieur Victor
 One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937) as John Cardwell
 Stage Door (1937) as Anthony Powell
 The Goldwyn Follies (1938) as Oliver Merlin
 Letter of Introduction (1938) as John Mannering
 Thanks for Everything (1938) as J. B. Harcourt
 King of the Turf (1939) as Jim Mason
 Golden Boy (1939) as Tom Moody
 The Housekeeper's Daughter (1939) as Deakon Maxwell
 That's Right—You're Wrong (1939) as Stacey Delmore
 Turnabout (1940) as Phil Manning
 A Bill of Divorcement (1940) as Hilary Fairfield
 Road Show (1941) as Colonel Carleton Carroway
 Father Takes a Wife (1941) as Senior
 Roxie Hart (1942) as Billy Flynn
 Syncopation (1942) as George Latimer
 You Were Never Lovelier (1942) as Eduardo Acuña
 Hi Diddle Diddle (1943) as Col. Hector Phyffe
 Sweet Rosie O'Grady (1943) as Tom Moran
 Step Lively (1944) as Wagner
 Man Alive (1945) as Kismet
 Heartbeat (1946) as Ambassador
 The Bachelor's Daughters (1946) as Alexander Moody
 I'll Be Yours (1947) as J. Conrad Nelson
 Mr. District Attorney (1947) as Craig Warren
 The Hucksters (1947) as Mr. Kimberly
 State of the Union (1948) as Jim Conover
 My Dream Is Yours (1949) as Thomas Hutchins
 Dancing in the Dark (1949) as Melville Crossman
 To Please a Lady (1950) as Gregg
 The Tall Target (1951) as Colonel Caleb Jeffers
 Across the Wide Missouri (1951) as Pierre
 The Sniper (1952) as Police Lt. Frank Kafka
 Man on a Tightrope (1953) as Fesker
 Timberjack (1955) as 'Sweetwater' Tilton
 The Ambassador's Daughter (1956) as Senator Jonathan Cartwright
 Bundle of Joy (1956) as J.B. Merlin
 The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown (1957) as Arthur Martin
 Paths of Glory (1957) as Major General Georges Broulard
 I Married a Woman (1958) as Frederick W. Sutton
 Pollyanna (1960) as Mr. Pendergast

Radio appearances

See also
 List of actors with Academy Award nominations

References

External links

 Photographs of Adolphe Menjou

Category:1890 births
Category:1963 deaths
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:American anti-communists
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male silent film actors
Category:American military personnel of World War I
Category:American people of French descent
Category:American people of Irish descent
Category:American Roman Catholics
Category:Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Category:California Republicans
Category:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Category:Deaths from hepatitis
Category:Male actors from Pittsburgh
Category:Pennsylvania Republicans
Category:Vaudeville performers
Category:John Birch Society members
Category:American conservative people


Asura owgarra

Asura owgarra is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in New Guinea.

References

owgarra
Category:Moths described in 1908
Category:Moths of New Guinea


Greenlandic sheep

The Greenlandic sheep (, ) is a breed of domestic sheep. The Greenlandic breed is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep, which exhibit a fluke-shaped, naturally short tail. The Greenlandic is a mid-sized breed, generally short-legged and stocky, with face and legs free of wool. The fleece of the Greenlandic sheep is dual-coated and comes in white as well as a variety of other colors, including a range of browns, grays, and blacks. They exist in both horned and polled strains. Generally left unshorn for the winter, the breed is very cold-hardy.  Multiple births are very common in Greenlandic ewes, with a lambing percentage of 150% - 190%.

They are seasonal breeders and come into estrus around October. The breeding season can last up to four months. Rams become mature early and can start breeding as early as five months.

The present Greenlandic sheep is hardy and thrifty. It descends from Faroe and Icelandic sheep, the Spælsau and the Scottish Blackface, brought to Greenland by Greenladic farmers, Greenlandic sheep have been bred since 1906 in a very harsh environment. Consequently, they are quite efficient herbivores. The breed descends from the same stock as the Norwegian Spelsau.

Color genetics
The colors of Greenlandic sheep are inherited in a similar way to those of other sheep, but they display more variety in color and pattern than most other breeds, and there are some variations not seen in other sheep.  Each sheep carries three genes that affect the color of the sheep, and for each gene, there are dominant and recessive alleles.  Each lamb will receive one allele from each parent of each of the genes shown below.

Color
The base color of all Icelandic sheep is either black, white or moorit (brown), each coming in a variety of shades and tones.  Black is the dominant allele.  The appearance of these colors can be altered by patterns and spotting.

Pattern
There are six patterns alleles in the breed. The most dominant pattern of these is white, which will conceal any other pattern, color or spotting that may be present, producing a solid white sheep.

There are several other patterns which will change the appearance of the color the animal shows. One of these is gray, which, together with the base color gene, will give rise to either gray black or gray moorit. Another is "badgerface", which shows as lighter coloration on the back, sides, neck, ears and face, with a darker color on the underbelly, under the tail, parts of the neck and around the eyes. Once again, this pattern will show as either grey badgerface or moorit badgerface. A further pattern is "mouflon". These sheep will be light-colored where badgerface sheep are dark, and dark where badgerface sheep are light.

The gray, badgerface, and mouflon patterns are equally dominant. A sheep can display any of these patterns individually, or they can display two of them at the same time. Sheep carrying both badgerface and mouflon show as plain-coloured sheep with slightly darker markings where the two patterns meet.

The least dominant pattern is solid, which is essentially no pattern at all. Solid-patterned animals will simply show their base color all over. To be solid, a sheep must inherit the solid pattern from both parents – the parents could be solid themselves, or they could carry a solid allele hidden by another other pattern allele.

White sheep can also carry any one of the five other patterns, but it will be hidden by the dominant white color (note that white in sheep is genetically a pattern, not a color).

Spotting
This gene gives rise to white markings on the feet, face, head or over large parts of the body.  The unspotted areas may be any of the patterns and colors described above.

There are two alleles for spotting: spotted, and unspotted; unspotted is dominant.  Only when bearing two spotting alleles will the sheep display spotting.

Meat production
In Greenland, this breed is almost exclusively bred for meat.  Lambs are not fed grain or given hormones. The meat has a fine grain and distinct, delicate flavor.  The meat of the Greenlandic sheep is quite special and considered by many experts to be among the best in the world and considered a gourmet style of meat. The taste and quality are closely linked to the animals’ life conditions.

Fiber
Greenlandic fleece is dual-coated. When the long and finer coat is separated, the outer and inner coats are used for different woolen products. Though the transport cost has up to now stopped all industrial use of the Greenlandic wool.

Milk
Sheep are not milked in Greenland, and instead the lamb is allowed to continue suckling.

References

External links
 The sheep population in Greenland
 University of Copenhagen - Center for Permafrost - Sheep in Greenland
 Origin and diversity of North European sheep breeds

Category:Sheep breeds
Category:Sheep breeds originating in Greenland
Category:Mammals of Greenland


Toru Oba

Toru Oba (born 1945) is an American sculptor born in Minazawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan into a family of traditional landowners and artists. Toru grew up in the mountains of rural Yamagata. He completed his early schooling in Yamagata and later finished his education in Tokyo.

He has lived in Russia and France.  In 1969, Oba moved to La Roque-sur-Cèze, France. He apprenticed with French stonemasons working on the 11th century stone village. He lived in France with his wife and daughter until 1972. Then he moved to rural West Virginia, United States, where he created Japanese style gardens, Russian, Finnish and Rumford style fireplaces.  In 1984, Toru became an instructor of a stone masonry workshop at the Lama Foundation in Taos, New Mexico. Oba subsequently became a founding member of "The Stone Foundation" based in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

In 1985, Oba moved with his wife and two daughters, to central Virginia, where he currently resides.  Toru's work evolved towards landscape features and monumental sculptural structures such as Japanese style lakes, waterfalls, massive sculpted stone benches, tables, and freestanding contemporary sculpture. "Toru's stone work is always art".
Oba's style is "rough surfaces juxtaposed against smooth ones, wide-open spaces, and nature-like arrangements– betrays a very Japanese aesthetic".  Currently Oba has six monumental sculptures prominently displayed in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia at the McGuffey Art Center and has worked at 531 N. First St in the same town.  Oba's work is on display at the Brad Smith Gallery in Santa Fe, New Mexico and in private collections around the world.

Filmography

References

 Steinberg, Aaron. "Stone Man: Toru Oba Rocks", The Hook, 15 May 2003. Retrieved on 15 May 2003.
 McRaven, Charles (1997), Techniques and Projects, Storey Communication.

 McRaven, Charles (2007), Stone Primer, Storey Publishing.

 Ifeng, Tianjin (2012), Stone Features in Garden Design,Phoenix Publishing Limited,,

External links

Official Web Site

Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:American sculptors
Category:Japanese emigrants to the United States
Category:Japanese sculptors
Category:Stonemasons


Kate Roberts (Days of Our Lives)

Kate Roberts is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. The matriarch of the series' Roberts family, the role was originated by Deborah Adair in 1993, and is currently played by (and most associated with) Lauren Koslow, who has held the role since 1996. Kate is the mother of Austin Reed, Billie Reed, Lucas Horton, Philip Kiriakis, and the twins Cassie and Rex Brady. Kate is the ex-wife of Curtis Reed, Victor Kiriakis, Roman Brady, Stefano DiMera, and is the widow of André DiMera. She is known for getting what she wants via scheming. In 2000, Koslow received a Soap Opera Digest Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress, for her portrayal of Kate.

Character conception

Casting
The character was created by Days of Our Lives head writer Sheri Anderson, and first portrayed by actress Deborah Adair in 1993. Adair played Kate through to April 1995, when she retired from acting. The character was reintroduced in 1996 under the pen of head writer James E. Reilly, and played by Lauren Koslow, who had previously starred on The Bold and the Beautiful.

Anderson, who wrote for Adair, said in an interview in 2011 that Reilly put a bit of a different spin on the character of Kate to Anderson's initial conception.

Characterization
Kate's primary role within the narrative is that of a femme-fatale and villainess. She is portrayed as a stoic, aggressive and family-oriented woman who is generally loving and supportive, but often interferes in her friends and relatives lives through any means she thinks necessary. When Kate arrives in Salem (the town where the soap opera is set) in 1993 she is single, with one adult son, Lucas Roberts. As the story develops it is revealed that Kate has lived in Salem before, where she was married with two children; but when Kate got pregnant with Lucas by another man (Dr Bill Horton), her husband kicked her out, and vanished with their two children, faking their deaths. In the storyline, Kate discovers her elder children (Austin Reed and Billie Reed) are alive and living in Salem and she is reunited with them.

Some sources confuse Kate Roberts with 1970s Days of Our Lives character Dr Kate Winograd (played by Elaine Princi), who was Head of Anesthesiology at Salem University Hospital, and who had a friendship and attraction with her colleague Bill Horton in Days of Our Lives episodes broadcast from 1977 to 1979. However, the broadcast story of Dr Kate Winograd and the backstory of Kate Roberts are incompatibly different, and other sources, including Sony Pictures Television's official website, keep the two Kates as separate characters. Moreover, Days headwriter Sheri Anderson stated in 2011 that she "actually originally created the character of Kate" with her friend Deborah Adair initially playing her (in 1993); and actress Lauren Koslow showed no knowledge of Dr Kate Winograd in a 2015 interview with Afterbuzz TV.

Storylines
In February 1993, businesswoman Kate Roberts (Deborah Adair) arrives in Salem to work at Titan Publishing Company for Victor Kiriakis (John Aniston). Although a new character to Days of Our Lives, it is revealed that Kate has lived in Salem before. She is friends with psychiatrist Dr Marlena Evans (Deidre Hall), and is actually a former patient of hers. Kate kept a journal back when she was Marlena's patient, and Kate breaks in to the house she used to live in Salem trying to find it. At Titan, Kate is given a manuscript of a novel to consider for publication. When she reads it, she realizes it is her life story, plagariazed from her journal, and she blocks its publication.

Kate's son Lucas Roberts (Bryan Dattilo) joins her in Salem, on a spring break from West Point Military Academy. When Kate meets Dr Tom and Alice Horton (Macdonald Carey and Frances Reid), Alice realizes Kate used to be a tenant in a house owned by her son Bill Horton (now occupied by his daughter Jennifer, and her husband Jack Deveraux, who found her journal, and wrote the novel); and Tom recognizes her as a former patient, a battered woman. Tom remembers that he delivered her a baby boy (this was Lucas). Kate wants the secrets about her past to remain hidden, but Lucas wants to know the identity of his father. Kate has told him that his father was "Alan Roberts" and given him a photo, but Lucas discovers that the photo is of a random stranger, and "Alan Roberts" does not exist. In response to Lucas's anger, Kate tells him she does not know his father's name. Kate informs a stunned Lucas that before he was born, she was married to an abusive man, with whom she had two children, and she turned to Lucas's father for comfort. She cries when she tells him the children, his half-brother and half-sister, later died in a motor accident.

Meanwhile, Kate and Victor have become close, and she and Vivian Alamain (Louise Sorel), who loves Victor, have become rivals in their pursuit of his love. It looks like Kate is the winner, when Victor asks Kate to marry him – he wants to have a child with her – and Kate accepts, and they marry.

A man named Curtis Reed (Nick Benedict) arrives in Salem, and starts blackmailing Kate about her past. Lucas learns that this is Kate's former husband, who was violent to her. Then suddenly, in November 1993, Curtis is found shot dead, apparently murdered. Found next to his body in a drugged state is Billie Reed (Lisa Rinna), whom Curtis drugged and abused before his death. Kate, Lucas, Billie, and her brother Austin Reed (Patrick Muldoon) all come under suspicion for Curtis's murder, but Billie becomes the prime suspect. There is a trial where they all have to testify.

Meanwhile, Vivian Alamain has rescued Bill Horton's wife, Laura Horton (Jaime Lyn Bauer) from the sanitarium where she was being kept comatose by corrupt staff (in order to extort money for her care from the Horton family). Vivian and Laura crash the trial, and Laura tells the whole court that Kate was married to Curtis (a fact she knows from them both being former tenants of Bill and hers). Then Billie admits on the stand that she is Curtis's daughter, and was sexually abused by Curtis during her childhood. Billie and Austin realize that Kate is their mother, and vice versa. Initially Billie blames Kate for the abuse she suffered; but when Curtis had found out Kate was pregnant with another man's child, he beat her and left her abanded by the side of a road, and vanished with Austin and Billie. Billie is found to be innocent when it is discovered that Curtis was accidentally shot during a scuffle with Stefano DiMera (Joseph Mascolo).

Vivian, who wants to break up Kate and Victor, urges Laura to go public with the fact that Kate had a sexual affair with Laura's husband Bill Horton. Bill was the other man – the father of Lucas. Laura crashes a party Victor is holding for Kate and tells all. Lucas is outraged that Kate has kept his father from him. Victor also learns from a tabloid reporter that his marriage to Kate is invalid, as Curtis was still alive when they married.

Kate wants to get married to Victor legally, and Victor promises to marry her, but only if she gives him an heir; and when Kate learns she will have difficulty in conceiving another child, they decide to use in vitro fertilization. Some embryos begin to form, but Vivian swaps the embryos and has Victor and Kate's embryos implanted in her. Vivian gives birth to a healthy baby boy, Philip Kiriakis on February 21, 1995. While pregnant with Philip, Vivian drives a wedge between Kate and Victor's relationship, and tricks Victor into marrying her. Vivian poisons the pilot of a plane transporting Kate, and when the plane crashes on April 24, 1995, Kate is believed killed.

After surviving the crash, Kate (now Lauren Koslow) returns to Salem on January 25, 1996, determined to win custody of her son Philip. Learning Vivian and Victor are together, Kate seeks revenge. Kate vows to take Victor's Titan Corporation and his son Philip (still an infant at the time) away from them. Victor suffers a stroke, and Vivian is arrested for her schemes. Kate is now in charge of Victor's empire. Billie also returns, closely followed by Franco Kelly (Victor Alfieri). Kate hires Franco to break up Bo and Hope, so Billie can be happy with Bo.

Kate is also now a grandmother: Sami Brady (Alison Sweeney) gave birth to a son whilst Kate was away. His name is Will, and Sami claims he is Austin's, but he is actually Lucas's child. Sami misleads everyone in her bid to get Austin to marry her, and when the truth of Will's paternity comes out, Sami fights Lucas for custody. Thus begins an epic battle between Kate and Sami. Sami finds out that Kate was once a prostitute and blackmails Kate. Sami falls in love with Franco and they prepare to marry. Kate wants to stop it, because she fears Lucas will lose Will. Kate tries to blackmail Franco about his mob past, but Franco attacks Kate with a poker on the eve of the wedding. Lucas saves Kate by shooting Franco, who dies instantly, and Kate frames Sami for the killing. At the trial for Franco's death, Sami is convicted and is sentenced to death. As she is about to be executed, Lucas confesses in a bid to save her. However, Kate has just persuaded a dying man to sign a false confession and Sami is saved, and she and Lucas both go free.

Meanwhile, Kate is still battling with Vivian for control over Titan. Kate begins a relationship with Vivian's nephew, Nicholas Alamain, but he leaves town. She then attempts to sly her way back into Victor's good graces. She blows her chances, however, when she is caught in flagrante delicto with mob boss Vincent Moroni (Carl Weintraub). She conspires with him to kill Victor at the coronation of Greta Von Amberg. The plan accidentally kills Vincent's only child, Angela Moroni (Ayda Field), and causes Vincent to commit suicide. Victor, realizing Kate's plan, flees for his life and fakes his death. He reveals himself to her the night she sets the Kiriakis mansion on fire and attempts to kill him with a poker. Victor escapes, but Lucas is severely burned. Victor kicks Kate out of the house, but does not tell Philip about his mother's murder attempts on him. Philip's plea causes Victor to provide Kate with a small allowance.

Kate gets a job at Basic Black, and begins dating Roman Brady (Josh Taylor). Kate and Roman find out that they are the biological parents of twins Rex Brady (Eric Winter) and Cassie Brady (Alexis Thorpe). Roman asks Kate to marry him, and she agrees. They have a beautiful wedding, but the reception is shattered when Kate finds Roman's apparently-dead body. She mourns him deeply, but it doesn't stop her from destroying his daughter Sami's relationship with her son Lucas. Kate encourages Philip to spend more time with Belle Black (Martha Madison). Cassie, too, is apparently murdered. Her body is found with multiple stab wounds in a Thanksgiving pinata. Kate is found holding the bloody knife and is arrested but, in reality, Cassie's and Roman's apparent deaths, as well as several other Salem residents, are staged in a plot by André DiMera (Thaao Penghlis).

Kate begins a relationship with John Black (Drake Hogestyn), after helping him deal with a drug addiction. However, as soon as the John and Kate make plans to marry, both their spouses return to Salem alive. Roman ends things with Kate for good. Lucas and Sami are to marry, but Kate stops the wedding in the nick of time, thanks to her discovery and revelation that Sami has been disguising herself as a man called Stan, and selling John the illicit drugs he became addicted to. Kate invites John Black to live with her after Marlena kicks him out of her home. Kate comforts Philip when Belle Black's daughter Claire Brady, whom Philip believes is his, turns out Shawn-Douglas Brady's. Philip leaves town. She is terrified when he goes missing, but comes back after receiving extensive amounts of surgery. He is granted temporary custody of Claire, but is devastated when Shawn and Belle kidnap her.

Kate, in her ongoing efforts to keep Lucas from marrying Sami, enlists the help of EJ DiMera (James Scott), who is using the alias EJ Wells, to seduce Sami away from Lucas. Her efforts fail when EJ is revealed to be the son of Stefano DiMera. Lucas and Sami are deeply in love, and are set to marry again, and this time Kate fails to stop it, despite her best effforts. Sami and Lucas start their life together despite Kate's interference. In retaliation for their scheming, Lucas turns Kate and EJ in to the FTC for their questionable financial records. Kate turns to Stefano DiMera after learning she is broke. Stefano provides her with enough money to start her own business called Kate's Hearth and Home, a Martha Stewart-like brand of housewares. She hires Stefano's son Tony DiMera (Thaao Penghis) to do the advertising. Kate no longer worries about Lucas and Sami, because Stefano has blackmailed Sami into a marriage with EJ, and Sami has fallen for him.

Kate turns her attention back to Philip, who is in trouble with John Black, and to her granddaughter Chelsea Brady (Rachel Melvin), who is recovering from surgery. Chelsea's surgery is successful, and soon starts dating her surgeon Daniel Jonas (Shawn Cristian). In November 2008, Kate is diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer, and receives bone marrow from Chloe Lane. Lucas begins a relationship with Chloe Lane. Kate learns that Chloe cheated on Lucas with Daniel Jonas, and is set on revenge. She poisons her, and Chloe is put in a coma. Kate becomes the only suspect, and to avoid jail time she marries Stefano DiMera who destroys the evidence against her. Later Phillip has a one-night stand with Chloe, resulting in grandson Parker being born, one month premature. When the truth comes out, Kate does everything in her power to make sure Chloe doesn't see her son, including driving her to suicide (which failed, thanks to Phillip saving her) and calling Phillip (as Chloe), using a recording of Chloe's voice that she edited to make Chloe sound like an unfit mother. When Phillip subsequently moves to Chicago with Parker, Kate blames Chloe (even though it was Kate's own doing) and later hires a thug named Quinn who forces Chloe to become a prostitute, much like Kate was forced to be in her own youth.

On August 31, 2011, Kate announces to Victor plans to resurrect Countess Wilhelmina Cosmetics with brand expansion and new product ideas, under Titan's rule, with Billie's blessing. However, Victor seems apprehensive about the deal, believing Stefano turned down her deal. She later brings back her daughter, Billie, to help run the company by her side. She also interacts with new arrival, Ian McAllister (Ian Buchanan), with whom she once had a romantic relationship in Paris. The two fall into bed in April 2012, which she later regrets. Upon Stefano's return from Alamania, he holds a romantic dinner for Kate with all of her favorite foods, then reveals that he knows about her affair with Ian McAllister. Kate tries to explain but Stefano ends their marriage and takes control of Countess Wilhelmina Cosmetics and Kate's Hearth and Home, making Kate's longtime enemy, Sami Brady, CEO. Ian then offers Kate a job as co-CEO of MadWorld, to work alongside Madison James as competition against Sami. Kate and Ian continue their relationship as Kate begins to get along with Madison. Stefano is apparently murdered, and with so many enemies, there are many suspects, including Kate. However, during a town-wide disaster, when Salem is rocked with a series of explosions, Ian reveals that he is behind the death of Stefano and framing of EJ, and that he only loved Madison, and is merely using Kate to take the DiMera fortune. Kate ends their relationship, and he is sent to jail; but it is revealed that only an imposter of Stefano died, and that Stefano was really alive and held captive by Ian. Stefano fails to make amends with his son, EJ, and heads to Europe for business. Kate tracks down Stefano, insisting he give her another chance, but they finalize the divorce, and Kate realizes that she and Stefano are finished.

Kate takes Chad DiMera (Casey Deidrick) under her wing, kind of as a proxy mother, after his own mother dies. Kate supports her grandson Will (Chandler Massey), when he comes out as gay. Kate also makes amends with Daniel Jonas, and updates him on Parker. Kate is challenged in 2013 when Chloe Lane and her mother, Nancy Wesley (Patrika Darbo), return to Salem, and it turns out that Parker is Daniel Jonas's son after all. Kate eventually starts a secret relationship with Rafe Hernandez (Galen Gering) after they have a drunken one-night stand. She worries that Stefano may threaten Rafe because of this. Kate later breaks things off with Rafe. Kate becomes a great-grandmother when Will has a daughter, Arianna Horton (Harper and Sydnee Udell), with his ex-girlfriend Gabi Hernandez (Camilla Banus). Kate offers to have Gabi and Arianna live with her, but Gabi chooses to live with Will and his partner Sonny, thanking Kate for the offer.

Kate begins a series of ill-fated short-lived romantic relationships with some extremely dubious and villainous men: the drug lord Clyde Weston (jailed); her ex-husband Victor Kiriakis's no-good half-brother Deimos Kiriakis (murdered); Rafe and Gabi's assassin father Eduardo Hernandez (jailed); and then the serial-killer André DiMera, whom she marries. She runs DiMera Enterprises with Chad (now Billy Flynn) and André, until André betrays them, selling them out to her old rival Vivian Alamain and her ill-begotten son with Stefano DiMera: Stefan O. DiMera (Tyler Christopher). And then André is killed by Chad's wife Abigail when she learns he has betrayed them all. Kate finds out that Vivian is framing Sonny Kiriakis (Freddie Smith), the current CEO of Titan Industries for sexual harassment. When Kate confronts her, Vivian, cornered, pulls a gun on her, and they scuffle for possession. Vivian is killed, and Kate claims the gun went off accidentally, but Salem PD are not so sure, but they do not have enough evidence to charge her. Stefan is certain that Kate murdered his mother Vivian, and sets out to destroy her. Meanwhile, Kate, being sacked from DiMera, takes over Vivian's scheme to frame Sonny Kiriakis, in the hope she can take over Titan when Sonny is inevitably fired. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to anyone, Vivian has been revived, and is being held in a secret lab.

References and notes

External links
Kate at Sony Pictures
Kate at SheKnows Soaps
Kate at soapcentral.com

Category:Days of Our Lives characters
Category:Fictional businesspeople
Category:Fictional criminals on soap operas
Category:Fictional prostitutes
Category:Fictional socialites
Category:Television characters introduced in 1993
Category:Female characters in television


Marrickville Hospital

Marrickville Hospital is a now closed hospital in , a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

A group to fund the start of the site was begun in 1895. The foundation stone was laid in 1897 with the hospital opening in 1899 as Marrickville Cottage Hospital. In 1899, the hospital proper opened, and was renamed Marrickville District Hospital in 1922. In 1990, the hospital closed, and has remained empty since. In 2015, Marrickville Council released plans to redevelop the hospital site into a residential and commercial development including a new library and 'community hub'.  The council entered into a partnership with real estate group Mirvac to deliver the project. The project called Marrick & Co is expected to set a new benchmark in sustainability and quality of design. The site is located on the corner of Marrickville and Livingstone roads.

References

Category:Former hospitals in Sydney
Category:1899 establishments in Australia
Category:Hospitals established in 1899
Category:1990 disestablishments in Australia
Category:Hospitals disestablished in 1990


2007 in Japan

Events in the year 2007 in Japan.

Incumbents
 Emperor – Akihito
 Prime Minister – Shinzō Abe (Liberal Democratic Party–Yamaguchi) until September 26, Yasuo Fukuda (Liberal Democratic Party–Gunma)
 Chief Cabinet Secretary: Yasuhisa Shiozaki (L–Ehime) to August 27, Kaoru Yosano (L–Tokyo) to September 26, Nobutaka Machimura (L–Hokkaidō)
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Nirō Shimada
 President of the House of Representatives: Yōhei Kōno (L–Kanagawa)
 President of the House of Councillors: Chikage Ōgi (L–proportional) until July 28, Satsuki Eda (D–Okayama)
 Diet sessions: 166th (regular, January 25 to July 5), 167th (extraordinary, August 7 to August 10), 168th (extraordinary, September 10 to 2008, January 15)

Events

January
 January 23 – A rare eel-like creature identified as a frilled shark is discovered in Japan by fishermen.

February
 February 20 – A power outage strikes the central area of Nagoya.
 February 26 – A 7.0 magnitude earthquake strikes off the southern coast of Japan's Ryukyu Island.

March
 March 25 – A tsunami occurs on the northern coast of Japan after an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 in the Sea of Japan. NHK reports that 1 person has died and 40 have been injured.
 March 26 – Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe apologizes for Japan's use of women as sex slaves in frontline brothels during World War II.

April
 April 1 – Niigata and Hamamatsu become cities designated by government ordinance.
 April 8 – Voters go to the polls in Japan for the first phase of the unified local elections including 13 gubernatorial elections, 44 prefectural assembly elections and 4 mayoral races in major cities.
 April 10 – The government of Japan extends economic sanctions against the North Korean government by an additional six months, citing a lack of progress in resolving kidnapping cases of Japanese citizens.
 April 16 – The United States, Japan and India carry out a joint naval exercise in the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to increase strategic cooperation.
 April 17 – Iccho Ito, the mayor of Nagasaki, Japan, is shot at least twice outside his re-election campaign headquarters. The assassin, Tetsuya Shiroo, is alleged to be a senior member of a local gang affiliated to the Yamaguchi-gumi crime syndicate. Itoh was taken to the Nagasaki University Hospital, where he died early the next morning due to loss of blood.
 April 22 – In the second phase of the unified local elections, hundreds of municipal elections and two by-elections for the national Diet are held.
 April 25 – Japanese police raid the offices of a pro-North Korean group in relation to the alleged kidnapping of two children in the 1970s.

May
 May 14 – The House of Councillors passes rules for revising the pacifist Constitution of Japan.
 May 28
Riyo Mori becomes Miss Universe 2007 in Mexico City, the second Japanese to do so after Akiko Kojima.
Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Toshikatsu Matsuoka is found dead at his Tokyo home, hours before he was to face questions in the Diet about his expenses.

June
 June 1 – Archaeologists discover a 2,100-year-old melon in Shiga Prefecture.
 June 21 – Japan changes the name of Iwo Jima to its original name, Iwo To, to reflect the wishes of its original inhabitants.

July
 July 3 – Japan's Minister of Defense Fumio Kyuma resigns over comments he made about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the weekend.
 July 4 – Japan's first female Minister of Defense, Yuriko Koike, is sworn in a day after the resignation of her predecessor, Fumio Kyuma.
 July 16 – 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake, eleven deaths and at least 1000 injuries were reported, and 342 buildings destroyed.
 July 29 – House of Councillors election

August
 August 1 – Norihiko Akagi resigns as Japan's agriculture minister after scandals involving him adversely affected the Liberal Democratic Party's performance in the 2007 Japanese House of Councillors election.
 August 24 – Murder of Rie Isogai
 August 25 – The 11th IAAF World Championships in Athletics get underway in Osaka, Japan.
 August 31 – Crypton Future Media's First Vocaloid on their Character Vocal Series, Hatsune Miku was released for Vocaloid2 Software

September
 September 12 – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announces his resignation.
 September 14 – The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency successfully launches SELENE, the largest lunar mission since the Apollo program, on a mission to explore the Moon.
 September 23 – Yasuo Fukuda, a political moderate, is elected by Japan's governing Liberal Democratic Party to become the country's next prime minister.

November
 November 18 – Japan resumes whaling of humpbacks for the first time in 40 years. Greenpeace and other environmentalist groups condemn the decision.
 November 28 – The Chinese Type 051B destroyer Shenzhen visits Tokyo in the first visit of a Chinese warship to Japan since World War II.

December
December 19 – A 32-year-old police sergeant shoots himself inside a kōban in front of Tokyo Station.

Deaths
January 5 – Momofuku Ando, inventor of Instant noodles and Cup Noodles, founder of Nissin Foods
January 8 – Iwao Takamoto, animator
April 18 – Iccho Itoh, mayor of Nagasaki
May 3 – Knock Yokoyama, comedian and politician
May 27 – Izumi Sakai, singer
May 28 – Toshikatsu Matsuoka, politician
June 28 – Kiichi Miyazawa, 78th Prime Minister
July 18 – Kenji Miyamoto, politician
August 28 – Miyoshi Umeki, actress
September 7 – Kenji Nagai, journalist
October 7 – Norifumi Abe, motorcycle road racer
October 12 – Kurokawa Kisho, architect
November 13 – Kazuhisa Inao, baseball player

See also
 2007 in Japanese music
 2007 in Japanese television
 List of Japanese films of 2007

References

Category:Years of the 21st century in Japan


Union Party (Lebanon)

The Union party (ar: Hizb el ittihad) is a Lebanese political party based in Bekaa but with presence in most of the Lebanese areas and led by former minister Abdelrahim Mourad. The party's ideology is Nasserism, it is officially secular.

The party is strongly allied with Syria and the March 8 Alliance with big support from Iran, Syria and previously Qatar.
Yet this party has now a major reformist movement since 3 years led by Hassan Shalha an Arab icon in the political and media scene with more than 30 years of professional dedication.

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110226201231/http://www.itti7ad.org/

Category:Arab nationalism in Lebanon
Category:Nasserist political parties
Category:Nationalist parties in Lebanon
Category:Political parties with year of establishment missing
Category:Secularism in Lebanon
Category:Socialist parties in Lebanon


Cucullia artemisiae

Cucullia artemisiae (scarce wormwood) is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from central and southern Europe to
Turkey and across the Palearctic to western Siberia, Central Asia, Manchuria, the Korean Peninsula and Japan.

Technical description and variation

C. artemisiae Hufn. (= abrotani F.) (26 c). Forewing grey with grey brown suffusion along costa and the course of the lines; lines double, dark; the inner angled outwards between and inwards the outer clear only below middle; veins finely black; a pale space below cell represents the claviform stigma, which is sometimes edged above and below by two fine black lines; orbicular and reniform distinct, with brown centres and whitish grey annuli outlined with black; subterminal line followed by a diffused row of dentate brownish marks; hindwing brownish, paler towards base — the ab. lindei Heyne [now full species Cucullia lindei Heyne, 1899 ] (26 c), from the neighbourhood of Moscow only, is a local form in which the forewing is suffused throughout with blackish grey. — Larva green, with darker segmental lines; dorsal line white, fine; lateral stripe broad, yellow, somewhat interrupted; spiracles white in black rings; tubercles red; head brown, blackish behind, with a pale-edged frontal triangle; venter pale green with two fine green lines, which on 3rd and 4 th segments show redbrown.

The wingspan is 37–42 mm.

Biology
Adults are on wing from June to July.

The larvae feed on Artemisia species, including Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia campestris and Artemisia vulgaris. Other recorded food plants include Matricaria and Tanacetum vulgare.

References

External links

Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de

Category:Cucullia
Category:Moths of Asia
Category:Moths of Europe
Category:Taxa named by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel
Category:Moths described in 1766


Children of Peace

Children of Peace is a British-based, non-partisan charity that focuses upon building friendship, trust and reconciliation between Israeli and Palestinian children, aged 4–17, regardless of community, faith, gender or heritage, through arts, education, healthcare and sports projects and programmes in the region, so that future generations and their communities might live in peace, side-by-side. The focus is on helping the children and building a better environment for the next generation.

The charity was founded in 2003/4 by its President, Richard Martin, and formally launched in London in 2005, with the aim of protecting all of the children in the region – be they secular, Christian, Jewish or Muslim – from the arbitrary consequences of conflict. The charity works with a network of community-based organisations and non-governmental organisations in Bahrain, Egypt, Gaza, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Turkey and the West Bank, who sign up to the notions of peaceful co-existence and cooperation. This is known as the Coalition of Peace and is now the single largest peace alliance across the MENA. The charity acts as a catalyst for interaction and interchange, funding projects that adhere to notions of conflict resolution, child protection and a refusal to take sides. Affiliates receive a quarterly online newsletter, Peace Child, which acts as a platform for contact and exchange.

Children of Peace is based in Uckfield, East Sussex, United Kingdom, and is structured around a Management Committee of Trustees, advisors and various sub-committees, including a Compliance Team, a Grants Committee and a Media Committee. The charity is currently developing plans for an advisory Development Board to the Trustees.

Friends, drawn from public life, include Dame Helen Mirren, Mohammed Amin, Sir Michael Morpurgo, Matt Lucas, David Baddiel, Philip Glenister, Samantha Morton, Sir Patrick Stewart, Sheikh Ghassam Manasrah, Mira Awad, Sir Karl Jenkins, Yotam Ottolenghi, Zoe Heller, Elsa Zylberstein, Sophie Milman, Julia Sawalha, Toby Stephens, Emily Watson OBE, Mark Ronson, Jeff Goldblum, Zubin Mehta, Maen Areikat, the Palestinian Ambassador to Washington, Manuel Hassassian, the Palestinian Envoy to the UK, Associate Professor Harvard Medical School Dr Ofer Levy and Fiyaz Mughal OBE.

The charity is supported by a team of Goodwill Ambassadors, who act as advocates for Children of Peace and include Gaza writer Dalia al-Najjar, Palestinian peace leader Bassam Aramin, Palestinian writer Shireen Anabtawi, Israeli writer Daniela Norris, Israeli business leader Doron B Levinson, Israeli star Yasmin Levy, Mansoor Ijaz and Valerie Ijaz, Sally Becker (the 'Angel of Mostar') and Members of Parliament from main UK parliamentary parties – Louise Ellman (Labour) and Tobias Ellwood (Conservative).

In 2010 a cross-party EDM was approved by the UK Parliament in support of Children of Peace. During the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics, the charity was honoured internationally when Sally Becker, Goodwill Ambassador to Children of Peace, carried the Olympic Flag into the stadium with other luminaries, including Muhammad Ali and Ban Ki-moon.

In 2012 the charity brought over to the UK an Israeli-Palestinian girls’ peace choir – the Shani Choir - that opened the prestigious international Three Choirs Festival in Hereford, UK. The choir appeared live on BBC Breakfast and sang their signature song Imagine by John Lennon in Arabic, English and Hebrew.

In 2015 the charity received a personal blessing from Pope Francis. In 2017, the British National Theatre honoured Children of Peace with a special gala performance at the Harold Pinter Theatre in London of the hit Broadway play Oslo.

The Patrons of Children of Peace are Madonna, Dame Judi Dench and John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. The Royal Patron is HH Princess Gabriele zu Leiningen, the former Begum Aga Khan.

Children of Peace has the personal support of many world leaders, including Pope Francis, former US Vice-President Joe Biden, British Prime Minister Theresa May, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, previous UK Prime Ministers Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David Cameron, and Former British Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, former French Presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande and former French Prime Minister Manuel Valls.

Children of Peace has become a significant humanitarian, conflict-resolution NGO in the Middle East and a leading champion of children’s rights in the region having helped over 125,000 children since 2004.

References

External links
 Children of Peace official site

Category:Children's charities based in the United Kingdom
Category:Religious charities based in the United Kingdom
Category:Israeli children
Category:Palestinian children
Category:Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Category:Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process


Ivan Kirpa

Ivan Kirpa (born March 6, 1978 in Roslavl, Russia) is a Russian welterweight boxer from Saint Petersburg, Russia.

He won his first 19 fights, before losing to Bradley Pryce on points on May 8, 2003. Kirpa then won his next four fights against Tigran Saribekyan, Alexei Korobka, Sergey Zimnevich and then Jose Leonardo Corona, 32 months after his last bout.

External links

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Smolensk
Category:Russian male boxers


Zubieta

Zubieta is a town and municipality located in the province and  autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

References

External links
 ZUBIETA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)

Category:Municipalities in Navarre
Category:Populated places in Navarre


Moss Lane Cricket Ground

Moss Lane Cricket Ground was a cricket ground in Moss Side, Manchester, Lancashire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1864, when Manchester Cricket Club played Sheffield Cricket Club.

In 1844, the ground held its inaugural first-class match when Manchester played Sheffield Cricket Club who were called Yorkshire on that occasion. From 1844 to 1846, the ground played host to four first-class matches, the last of which saw Manchester play Sheffield.

The final recorded match on the ground came in 1847 when Manchester Slow Bowlers played Manchester Fast Bowlers. The ground was later developed, with St Mary's Church covering the site today.

References

External links
Moss Lane Cricket Ground on CricketArchive
Moss Lane Cricket Ground on Cricinfo

Category:Defunct cricket grounds in England
Category:Defunct sports venues in Greater Manchester
Category:Sport in Manchester
Category:Sports venues completed in 1832
Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Manchester
Category:Demolished sports venues in the United Kingdom


Nord-Varanger

Nord-Varanger is a former municipality in Finnmark county in Norway.  The  municipality existed from 1894 until its dissolution in 1964.  It was located in the present-day Vadsø Municipality on the southern half of the Varanger Peninsula, east of the Jakobselva river, along the Varangerfjorden.  The administrative centre of the municipality was in the town of Vadsø.

Name
The name Nord-Varanger refers to the northern coast of the Varangerfjorden, (Old Norse: Ver(j)angr).  The first part is ver meaning "fishing village" and the last part is angr which means "fjord". It was first probably used for the narrow fjord on the inside of Angsnes which now is called "Meskfjorden" and leads into Varangerbotn.

History
The kjøpstad (market town) of Vadsø was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).  Because of the low population in the rural area around the town, the municipality originally included the rural area around it.  That rural area was known as the Vadsø landsogn.  On 1 January 1894, Vadsø landsogn was separated from the town of Vadsø and became the new municipality called Nord-Varanger.  Nord-Varanger had an initial population of 1,296.  During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, Nord-Varanger (population: 1,587) was merged with the town of Vadsø once again to create the present-day Vadsø Municipality.

See also
List of former municipalities of Norway

References

External links

Category:Vadsø
Category:Former municipalities of Norway
Category:1894 establishments in Norway
Category:1964 disestablishments in Norway


Jake Goldsbie

Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Goldsbie (born August 8, 1988) is a Canadian actor.

Goldsbie plays Toby Isaacs in Degrassi: The Next Generation, although he originally auditioned for the role of J.T. Yorke.

Goldsbie graduated from Concordia University in Montreal where he studied theatre.  Goldsbie works at The Score where he writes and podcasts about professional sports.

Goldsbie is Jewish.

Filmography
 Being Erica (2010)
 Twitches (2005)
 I Do, They Don't (2005)
 Childstar (2004)
 The Red Sneakers (2002)
 Prince Charming (TV film) (2001)
 Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2001)
 Degrassi: The Next Generation (2001–2009)
Main cast (seasons 1-5, 2001–2006)
Recurring cast (seasons 6-7, 2006–2008)
Guest appearance (season 8, 2009)
 Leap Years (2001)
 Laughter on the 23rd Floor (2001)
 Pecola (2001)
 When Andrew Came Home (2000)
 Mattimeo: A Tale of Redwall (2000)
 Jacob Two Two Meets the Hooded Fang (1999)
 Black and Blue (1999)
 Critical Choices (1996)

References

External links

Category:1988 births
Category:Canadian male child actors
Category:Canadian male stage actors
Category:Canadian male television actors
Category:Canadian male voice actors
Category:Jewish Canadian male actors
Category:Living people
Category:Male actors from Toronto
Category:21st-century Canadian male actors


Alceste (Gluck)

Alceste, Wq. 37 (the later French version is Wq. 44), is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck from 1767. The libretto (in Italian) was written by Ranieri de' Calzabigi and based on the play Alcestis by Euripides. The premiere took place on 26 December 1767 at the Burgtheater in Vienna.

Preface and reforms

When Gluck published the score of Alceste in 1769, he added a preface written by Calzabigi, which set out their ideals for operatic reform. The opera displays the features set out in this manifesto, namely:
 no da capo arias
 little or no opportunity for vocal improvisation or virtuosic displays of vocal agility or power
 no long melismas
 a more predominantly syllabic setting of the text to make the words more intelligible
 far less repetition of text within an aria
 a blurring of the distinction between recitative and aria, declamatory and lyrical passages, with altogether less recitative
 accompanied rather than secco recitative
 simpler, more flowing melodic lines
 an overture that is linked by theme or mood to the ensuing action

Alceste also has no role for the castrato voice, although Gluck would return to using a castrato in his next opera, Paride ed Elena, and even rewrite the tenor role of Admetus for the soprano castrato Giuseppe Millico, in the 1770 revival of Alceste in Vienna.

Recomposition in 1776 for Paris
Gluck recomposed and lengthened Alceste to a French libretto by François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet for performances at the Paris Opera, retaining the three-act structure. Hercules was added as a pivotal character in Act III, as was a scene at the Gates of Hell. The premiere took place on 23 April 1776 in the second Salle du Palais-Royal.

Performance history
With the presentations in Paris, Alceste became an essentially new work, the translation from Italian to French necessitating several changes in the musical declamation of text, and certain scenes significantly reorganized to new or altered music. Some of the changes were made upon the advice of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of Gluck's greatest French admirers, but the bulk of the adaptation was the work of French aristocrat Du Roullet, with improvements by the composer.

Gluck fought several efforts to make the new version of Alceste conform to French tastes, resisting pressure to end the opera with an extended ballet. The new libretto does, however, introduce several subsidiary characters for dramatic variety, and, following the example of Euripides, on whose work the libretto is loosely based, even calls in Hercules in the final act.

Berlioz made adjustments to the opera for a staging in 1861 that starred Pauline Viardot at the Paris Opéra. This was remounted in 1866.

The first British performances took place at the King's Theatre, London in 1795. More recent productions have included those in Scotland at Ledlanet in 1972 and by Scottish Opera in 1974, as well as at the Royal Opera House, with Charles Mackerras conducting and Janet Baker in the title role, in the 1980s.

Maria Callas starred as Alceste in a production at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan in 1954, which was memorably recorded on April 4 of that year. She sang an Italian translation of the Paris version, and it was her first collaboration in stage performances with director Luchino Visconti.

The Metropolitan Opera gave Alceste in three different seasons, with four sopranos starring in eighteen performances. Its premiere on 24 January 1941 featured Marjorie Lawrence. There were four more performances that season, two starring Lawrence and two Rose Bampton. In 1952 Wagnerian soprano Kirsten Flagstad sang Alceste in five performances, including her farewell with the company. On 6 December 1960 Eileen Farrell made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Alceste. She sang the role eight times that season, and her last performance, on 11 February, remains the last time Alceste was seen at the Met.

Lyric Opera of Chicago opened its 1990 season with performances starring Jessye Norman, who had recorded the opera a few years earlier. Catherine Naglestad appeared in ten performances with the Stuttgart State Opera in 2006, and this production was filmed. Alceste was given by Santa Fe Opera in August 2009 with Christine Brewer in the title role. Madrid's Teatro Real staged the opera in 2015, as did Munich's Bavarian State Opera in 2019; both were filmed.

Nowadays the opera is usually given in the Paris version musically, with the libretto sometimes back-translated into Italian.

Plagiarism by Mozart
In Don Giovanni, written in 1787, twenty years after Alceste and the year Gluck died, Mozart used exactly the same chord progression for the Commendatore speaking to Don Giovanni in the garden scene that Gluck used for the line of the High Priest when saying that Alceste will die if no one takes her place. Hector Berlioz noted how this section of Don Giovanni was "heavily in-inspired or rather plagiarized". Berlioz discussed the authenticity of some of the arias. For example, when Gluck went to Vienna, an aria was added to act 3. Berlioz came to the conclusion that Gluck was under so much pressure that he let it happen. Berlioz notes Gluck added corrections during rehearsals, and misunderstandings in the score, due to what Berlioz calls Gluck's "happy-go-lucky" style of writing.

Roles

Synopsis
Original version in Italian
Place: Classical Pherae, Thessaly

Act 1
A herald announces to the people of Thessaly that King Admeto is gravely ill and that there is little hope. Evandro calls upon all to pray to the oracle at the temple of Apollo. Alceste joins them and asks Apollo for pity. The oracle says Admeto can be rescued if another voluntarily sacrifices his life. This causes great consternation. Alone, Alceste agonizes whether to give her life for that of her husband.

Act 2
In a dense forest dedicated to the gods of the underworld, Ismene asks Alceste why she is leaving her husband and children. Alceste tells Ismene of her intentions. Meanwhile, Admeto has a miraculous recovery to the joy of all Thessaly. Evandro tells him that someone has apparently sacrificed himself for the king. When Alceste appears, he questions her until she confesses. The desperate king hurries into the temple to plead with the gods. However, Alceste says good-bye to the children.

Act 3
The decision of the gods is not revoked. The people lament the approaching death of Alceste. Having said good-bye to Alceste, Admeto decides to follow her into death. Then the heavens open, Apollo descends and proclaims that the gods have given them their lives as a reward for their steadfast love.

Synopsis, with French Version Edits
Paris version

The overture is stately, noble, and tragic, looking ahead to some of Mozart's minor-key works. The choir propels much of the action in the first two acts, and Gluck's vocal settings are particularly elegant, taking advantage of the French language's smooth rhythms, although the writing is rather static in its sad dignity.

Act 1
King Admetus is dying, and his people are in despair. The god Apollo refuses their animal sacrifice, proclaiming that Admetus will live only if another person is sacrificed in his place. Queen Alceste believes she is the victim Apollo has in mind, but declares she will surrender her life only for love. (Aria: "Divinites du Styx")

Act 2
The people celebrate the king's recovery. Admetus does not realize that Alceste has volunteered to die in his place, and his wife won't give herself up until the record is set straight. When he learns the truth, Admetus believes that Alceste is in effect abandoning him, and would prefer to die himself.

Act 3
The people, sorrowing again, prepare the royal couple's children for sacrifice in their place. Admetus' friend Hercules arrives and promises to conquer death on his behalf, and travels to Hades. Meanwhile, Alceste has already arrived at the gates of hell; Admetus tries to dissuade her, but she is sacrificing herself for love, rather than as some heroic act. She dies, but Hercules rescues her—except that now Alceste seems nearly insane. Apollo arrives, promises Hercules immortality, and leaves Admetus and Alceste in a world that seems devoid of death. The work ends with a joyful chorus.

Recordings
Alceste (Original Italian version edited by Geraint Jones), Kirsten Flagstad, Raoul Jobin, Alexander Young, Marion Lowe, Thomas Hemsley, Joan Clark, Rosemary Thayer, Geraint Jones Orchestra and singers, Geraint Jones (Decca LP LXT 5273-5276;. c. 1952)
 Alceste with conductor Serge Baudo and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Released on CD in 1995 on the Orfeo label. Cast includes: Jessye Norman, Nicolai Gedda, Peter Lika, Robert Gambill, Roland Bracht, Kurt Rydl, and Bernd Weikl.
Alceste (Vienna version) Ringholz/Lavender/Degerfeldt/Treichl, Drottningholm Theatre Chorus and Orchestra, Arnold Östman (Naxos, 1999)
 Alceste with conductor Sir John Eliot Gardiner, the English Baroque Soloists, and the Monteverdi Choir. Released on CD and DVD on the Philips label in 2002. Cast includes Anne Sofie von Otter, Dietrich Henschel, Paul Groves, Yann Beuron, Joanne Lunn, Katherine Fuge, Nicolas Testé, and Ludovic Tezier among others.
 Alceste with conductor Charles Mackerras and Royal Opera at Covent Garden. Released on CD on the Ponto label in 2005. Cast includes: Elaine Mary Hall, Janet Baker, Janice Hooper-Roe, John Shirley-Quirk, Jonathan Summers, Mark Curtis, Matthew Best, Philip Gelling, and Robert Tear among others.

References
Notes

Sources
 Berlioz, Hector, tr. Edwin Evans,Gluck and his operas, London: Wm Reeves, 1915.
 Hayes, Jeremy, "Alceste (ii) ('Alcestis')", in Sadie, Stanley (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Grove (Oxford University Press), New York, 1997, I, pp. 62–70,
 Dizionario dell'opera, in "del Teatro" (online magazine), Baldini Castoldi Dalai

External links

MetOpera database
Italian libretto with English translation (naxos.com)

Category:Operas by Christoph Willibald Gluck
Category:Italian-language operas
Category:1767 operas
Category:1776 operas
Category:Operas
Category:Operas based on Greco-Roman mythology
Category:Opera world premieres at the Burgtheater
Category:Operas based on works by Euripides


Nakajō, Niigata

was a town located in Kitakanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Nakajō is now part of the newly created city of Tainai.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 27,026 and a density of 319.53 persons per km². The total area was 84.58 km².

The town mascot was named "Lippal".

On September 1, 2005, Nakajō, along with the village of Kurokawa (also from Kitakanbara District), was merged to create the city of Tainai. Tainai City has a population of approximately 33,000.

Nakajo was the home of a Southern Illinois University Carbondale branch campus until late 2006, when the NSG (Niigata Sogo Gakuin) Group, which bought out the school, decided to close the program. The buildings have since become a very small school for high school and college English majors.

Climate

References

External links

 Town of Nakajo (Archive) (2001–2005)
 Town of Nakajo (Archive) (2000–2001)
 Town of Nakajo (Archive)

Category:Dissolved municipalities of Niigata Prefecture
Category:Tainai, Niigata


Edward Stanhope (disambiguation)

Edward Stanhope (1840 – 1893), was a politician.

Edward Stanhope may also refer to:

Edward Stanhope (died 1603), MP for Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency) and Yorkshire
Edward Stanhope (died 1608), MP for Marlborough (UK Parliament constituency)
Edward Stanhope (died 1646), MP for Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)

See also
Edward Scudamore-Stanhope


2005 Family Circle Cup

The 2005 Family Circle Cup was the 33rd edition of the Family Circle Cup women's tennis tournament. This WTA Tier I Event was held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Unseeded Justine Henin-Hardenne  won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated  Elena Dementieva, 7–5, 6–4

Doubles

 Conchita Martínez /  Virginia Ruano Pascual defeated  Iveta Benešová /  Květa Peschke, 6–1, 6–4

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Family Circle Cup
Category:Charleston Open
Family Circle
Category:2005 in American tennis


American Rally Association

The American Rally Association is a non-profit stage rally sanctioning body in the United States.

Currently managed by United States Auto Club (USAC) who has appointed Doug Shepard as the president of ARA.

The organization was founded by Tim O'Neil, Martin Headland, and Chris Cyr of Team O'Neil Rally School in 2016.

As of 2019 ARA is the only stage rally sanctioning body in the United States with a National Championship trophy.

2019 Schedule:

2019 National Rally Championship presented by AMSOIL

Sno*Drift Rally
January 25 - 26

100 Acre Wood Rally
March 15 - 16

Olympus Rally
April 27 - 28

Oregon Trail Rally
May 31 - June 2

Idaho Rally International
June 22 - 23

New England Forest Rally
July 19 - 20

Muscatell Ojibwe Forests Rally
August 23 - 24

Susquehannock Trail Performance Rally
September 13 - 14

Lake Superior Performance Rally
October 18 - 19

2019 ARA Super Regional Events

Southern Ohio Forest Rally
May 16 - 18

Rally Colorado
July 26 - 27

Tour de Forest Rally
September 21, 2019

Empire State Performance Rally
October 25 - 26

2019 ARA One-Day Regional Events

Nemadji Trail Rally
December 1, 2018

Missouri Ozark Rally
February 2, 2019

Headwaters Rally
June 1, 2019

Summer Sno*Drift
August 3, 2019

Show Me Rally
October 5, 2019

Nemadji Trail Rally
December 7, 2019

Champions:

Travis Pastrana: 2017 Champion
David Higgins: 2018 Champion

References

https://www.americanrallyassociation.org/about

https://www.teamoneil.com/about/

Category:Rallying
Category:Motorsport in the United States


73rd meridian east

The meridian 73° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 73rd meridian east forms a great circle with the 107th meridian west.

From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 73rd meridian east passes through:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="115" | Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Arctic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Kara Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Ob
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Gydan Peninsula
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Ob
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Yamal Peninsula
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Ob
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| For about 15 km at the easternmost point of the country
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-valign="top"
|
! scope="row" |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Gilgit-Baltistan - claimed by  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Islamabad Capital Territory Punjab - passing just west of Faisalabad
|-valign="top"
|
! scope="row" |
| Rajasthan Gujarat Dadra and Nagar Haveli Maharashtra - passing just east of Mumbai
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Lakshadweep - island of Kiltan
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just east of Kadmat Island, Lakshadweep,  Passing just west of Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep,
|-valign="top"
|
! scope="row" |
| Southern Thiladhunmathi Atoll, Northern Miladhunmadulhu Atoll, Northern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll and Southern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Ross Atoll
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just east of Ari Atoll,
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Northern Nilandhe Atoll, Southern Nilandhe Atoll and Kolhumadulhu Atoll
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Huvadhu Atoll
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just west of Addu Atoll,  Passing between the McDonald Islands and Heard Island,
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Southern Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
|
! scope="row" | Antarctica
| Australian Antarctic Territory, claimed by
|-
|}

See also
72nd meridian east
74th meridian east

e073 meridian east


85th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron

The 85th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit.

History
It was constituted as the 85th Tactical Control Flight on 7 February 1977, and activated on 1 March of that year with the 602nd Tactical Air Control Wing at Luke Air Force Base. The flight was inactivated there on 1 July 1983. It was redesignated as the 85th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron on 12 February 2009 and simultaneously converted to provisional status. Assigned to Air Combat Command, the squadron is to activate or inactivate as needed.

References

Category:Air support operations squadrons of the United States Air Force


Louisville Downs

Louisville Downs was a half-mile Standardbred harness race track located in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It opened in 1966 and held over 3,400 days of harness racing until it was sold to Churchill Downs Inc. in 1991. Louisville Downs was built and managed by William H. King, a Louisville entrepreneur and promoter, who was the first to offer wagering by phone (“Call-a-Bet”) and full card simulcast wagering to television viewers. The track is now the site of Derby City Gaming, a historical racing parlor opened in 2018.

History
King was a well-known promoter of entertainment events in Louisville. Prior to launching Louisville Downs, he had gained local renown for presenting sport, boat and vacation shows and events at the Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center. One of his most significant promotions was of 18-year-old Cassius Clay’s first professional fight on October 29, 1960 versus Tunney Hunsaker at Fairgrounds Coliseum.

In 1965, King and a group of investors which included Raymond Kolowich, R. Victor Mosley and Fred Somes, formed Louisville Downs, Inc. to purchase an 80-acre plot at 4520 Poplar Level Road on the southwestern edge of Louisville, Kentucky. King led the development of Louisville Downs, designed by architect John H. Menges of Thayer-Menges and Associates of New Castle, Pennsylvania and constructed by Maintream Corporation based in Pittsburgh, PA. Construction was begun in September of 1965 and completed in June, 1966.

Officers and directors of Louisville Downs, Inc. at the time of its launch included King (President and General Manager), Kolowich (Chairman of the Board), Peter Miller, Fred Somes, Jr. Jack Drees, John H. Menges and Chris Duvall.

Facilities and track
Called “one of the most innovative and progressive Standardbred racing venues in the country," Louisville Downs seated 4,621 total, with a 2,954-seat glass-enclosed grandstand topped with an iconic peppermint-striped roof. Seating also included a 300-seat clubhouse, 400-seat dining terrace, 860 railbird box seats and 107 royal box seats. The stables included eight 60-stall barns and three paddock buildings with 40 stalls. The 1/2 mile track had a limestone base topped with 4” of limestone dust, new to harness racing at the time.

Louisville Downs held its first race on July 14, 1966, opening a 51-night meeting that ran through September 10, 1966. Opening night drew 3,490 fans betting $102,098 on ten races. Charming Lad won the first race, paying $14, and Honor Time was the length winner, paying $3.60. Ten years later, Louisville Downs began its most successful period, with an average daily attendance of over 3,000 fans and over $220,000 in wagers.

King, whom the Courier-Journal once called the “track’s longtime marketing mastermind,” continued to hone his promotional expertise for Louisville Downs through various crowd-drawing promotions, including Quarter Night (Parking, admission, hot dogs, beer and soft drinks all 25c), giveaways and cash drawings. In March, 1981, King created a dial-in betting system called Call-A-Bet, the first
advance-deposit wagering system in the country, and in 1988 instituted full-card simulcast racing. In 1978, Louisville Downs hosted its first run of the Kentucky Pacing Derby, part of the Triple Crown for 2-year-old pacers. The race was held each September and attracted the best 2-year-old pacers in the world, including Niatross, the first pacer to break the 1:50 time barrier.

Other events
King brought non-harness racing spectators to Louisville Downs by hosting additional sport and music events. American Motorcycle Association held its Half-Mile Grand National Championship races there from 1967 until 1991. One of Louisville's first Fourth of July fireworks shows set to music was held at Louisville Downs in 1976, with a water skiing show held on the large infield lake. Some of the musical talents who appeared at Louisville Downs were:
 The Guess Who, May 1974
 Beach Boys, May 1974
 Sha Na Na, July 1974
 Three Dog Night, July 1975
 Earl Scruggs and Emmylou Harris, July 1976

Sale to Churchill Downs
Harness racing ended at Louisville Downs in 1991, when Churchill Downs Inc. purchased the 87-acre site for $6 million, using the grandstand for simulcast racing and racetrack for training thoroughbreds. The grandstand was razed in 2015. In September 2018, Churchill Downs opened Derby City Gaming, a historical racing facility, at the site. Harness racing may return to the former Louisville Downs site; in September 2018, Churchill Downs and Keeneland Association filed an application with the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission to hold 10 days of harness meets in 2019.

References

Category:1966 establishments in Kentucky
Category:Churchill Downs Incorporated
Category:Defunct horse racing venues in the United States
Category:Horse racing venues in Kentucky
Category:Sports venues completed in 1966


A Camp

A Camp is the solo side project of Nina Persson, vocalist for the Swedish indie pop band The Cardigans.

Persson formed A Camp when The Cardigans took a break after several years of touring and the recording of their 1998 album Gran Turismo.

A Camp

A Camp's debut album, also called A Camp, was originally recorded with Niclas Frisk of Atomic Swing, before Persson teamed up with Mark Linkous of Sparklehorse to re-record it. In doing so, he also contributed some new songs to the album.

Persson had been a long-time fan of Sparklehorse and has referred to them as "the best I've ever heard". After a gig in Lund, Sweden, Persson gave Linkous a cassette of all the demo A Camp songs.  When they met again during the recording of his most recent album, Persson mustered the courage to invite him to produce her project.  Linkous listened, liked the songs, and agreed.

The debut album released the singles "I Can Buy You" and "Song for the Leftovers". These country-inspired selections later seemed to have inspired The Cardigans' following album, Long Gone Before Daylight, which was released in the UK in 2003 and the US in 2004.

In 2004, "Charlie Charlie" (the "I Can Buy You" single B-side) was covered (with new lyrics in Polish) by the Polish singer Ania and released as a single from her debut album Samotność po zmierzchu. A French version of "Charlie Charlie" was recorded by Vanessa and the O's for inclusion on their debut album La Ballade d'O in 2004 which retained the same title. Vanessa & The O's featured Niclas Frisk, Andreas Mattsson, James Iha and French singer songwriter Vanessa Quinones.

Colonia

The recording of a second A Camp album was confirmed by Persson in an interview with Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter in May 2007. "Girl-pop from the 60s, 80's punk, and David Bowie" were said to be the main influences.

In a post on The Cardigans' official forum, dated 16 August 2008, Persson unveiled the launch of the new A Camp website and disclosed a target release date of "early next year" for her second solo album, entitled Colonia. The album, produced by Persson with husband and film composer Nathan Larson and Atomic Swing's Niclas Frisk, features appearances from ex-Smashing Pumpkins guitarist James Iha, Joan As Policewoman and Guided By Voices drummer Kevin March.

The first single from Colonia, "Stronger Than Jesus", was released on the Swedish iTunes on 17 November 2008. The full album was released in Europe in February 2009, via Universal, and will be released in April in the US via Nettwerk.

Covers EP
A three-track EP named Covers, featuring interpretations of Pink Floyd's "Us And Them", David Bowie's "Boys Keep Swinging" and Grace Jones' "I've Done it Again", was released digitally in the United States on 9 June 2009 and in Europe on 16 June 2009.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Singles

References

External links

imeem
Purevolume
Biography for Nina Persson at imdb
Live photos of Nina Persson and A Camp
A Camp discography

Category:Swedish alternative rock groups
Category:Swedish musical trios
Category:2001 establishments in Sweden
Category:Musical groups established in 2001


2000 Yunnan earthquake

The 2000 Yunnan earthquake occurred on January 14 at 23:37 UTC, in Yunnan, China.  The earthquake killed 7 people, and caused much damage in central Yunnan Province.

The quake was moderate, with a magnitude of 5.9; however, it left 2,528 injured, 92,479 homeless and destroyed over 41,000 homes.

It was preceded by a magnitude 5.5 foreshock at 22:09, and a 4.9 magnitude earthquake occurred in the same area on 26 January.

See also
List of earthquakes in 2000
List of earthquakes in China

References

External links

2000 Yunnan
Category:2000 earthquakes
Category:2000 disasters in China


Nicholas Mayhew

Nicholas Julian Mayhew (Nick Mayhew) is Emeritus Professor of Numismatics and Monetary History, at the Ashmolean Museum, specialising in British and European medieval monetary history and numismatics. He was formerly Deputy Director (Collections) at the Ashmolean Museum.

Awards and honours
 1995 - Jeton de Vermeil - awarded by the Société française de numismatique
 2002 - Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society
 2015 - Money, Prices and Wages: Essays in Honour of Professor Nicholas Mayhew, ed. by Martin Allen and D’Maris Coffman (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).

Publications
 1988 - Coinage in France from the Dark Ages to Napoleon (Seaby)
 1997 - The gros tournois : proceedings of the Fourteenth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication 31.
 1999 - Sterling: the rise and fall of a currency (Allen Lane, Penguin)
 2006 - Changing Values in Medieval Scotland: A study of prices, money, and weights and measures, with Elizabeth Gemmill (CUP).
 2008 - "Research in English museums : university and regional museums", in Görel Cavalli-Björkman and Svante Lindqvist (eds), Research and Museums: Proceedings of an International Symposium in Stockholm 22-25 May 2007, pp. 148-159.

References

External Links
 Mayhew's staff page at St Cross, Oxford
 Mayhew on worldcat

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:British numismatists
Category:People associated with the Ashmolean Museum
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Austria–Soviet Union relations

Austria–Soviet Union relations were established in 1924, discontinued in 1938 following German annexation of Austria and renewed following Austrian independence after the Second World War.

See also
Austria–Russia relations
Soviet occupation of Austria

References

Further reading

Category:Austria–Soviet Union relations


Humphrey Sumner

Humphrey Sumner, D.D. (b Eton 15 September 1743; d Cambridge 23 March 1814) was an English Anglican priest and educationalist.

The son of John Sumner, Headmaster of Eton he was himself educated at the college. He entered King's College, Cambridge in 1762, graduating B.A in 1767 and M.A  in 1770. He was appointed a Fellow of Kings in 1765; and on the staff of Eton from 1767 to 1790. He held livings at Dunton Wayletts, Copdock and Washbrook. Sumner was Provost of King's College, Cambridge from 1850 until his death; and twice Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge: from 1798 to 1799, and 1802 to 1803.

References

Category:People educated at Eton College
Category:Provosts of King's College, Cambridge
Category:Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Category:1814 deaths
Category:1743 births
Category:People from Eton, Berkshire
Category:19th-century Anglican priests
Category:Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge