Sarah Murnaghan lung transplant controversy

The Sarah Murnaghan lung transplant controversy began in late May 2013, when the parents of a ten-year-old Philadelphia area girl with cystic fibrosis, Sarah Murnaghan, launched a campaign to change the under-12 policy of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), which they asserted was age discrimination. Her plight received considerable media attention, particularly because Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, refused to intervene to grant an exception to the rule.

Background

The system organizing lung transplants in the United States was overhauled in 2004 and again in 2008. The system gives those over the age of twelve a lung allocation score, which is used to prioritize patients for transplant based partially on the urgency of their need. However, children under twelve are granted lungs on a first-come, first-served basis. In addition, there are far fewer donor lungs available for children under the age of twelve than there are for adults - between 10 and 20 as opposed to 1,700 in a given year.

Murnaghan's parents argued that she needed a lung transplant or else she would die in a matter of weeks but that this was not possible because existing rules give higher priority for adult donor lungs to children who are at least twelve years old. Her parents argued that, although she only had a few weeks to live, under current UNOS transplant policy did not qualify for adult donor lungs although it is now possible to downsize adult lungs for transplantation into children.

Kathleen Sebelius refused to grant an exception to the rule. In response to Sebelius's argument that a review of the policies would need to take place before the rule can be changed, Tom Price argued that such a process would take an entire year to complete and that the girl would be dead by that time. At the time of her transplant in June 2013 Murnaghan had been waiting on the transplant list for about eighteen months.

Health conditions
Because of the side effects of antibiotics she had to take to treat her cystic fibrosis, Murnaghan developed permanent hearing loss. She also has osteoporosis and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.

Controversy
While the family portrayed their daughter's case as one of bureaucracy getting in the way of lung transplantation that should have been (and later was) awarded based on her extreme necessity and limited time left to live should she not obtain the transplant, some bioethicists questioned this depiction. For example, Arthur Caplan said, "In general, the road to a transplant is still to let the system decide who will do best with scarce, lifesaving organs."

He explained that children do not get put on the adult lung transplant list because "The reason kids get lower priority for lungs is that adult lungs rarely fit, so you have to use only a part of one. Using only a lobe from an adult cadaver donor negatively impacts the chance of survival."

Similarly, Stuart Sweet of the lung transplant program at St. Louis Children's Hospital contended, "the issue here is really about how we designed this system to try to make it fair for everyone waiting for lungs. There are ways of working through this that don't involve breaking the rules."

The New England Journal of Medicine
This controversy came to a head on July 24, 2013, when a perspective piece was published in The New England Journal of Medicine regarding the debate over under-12 allocation rules. The piece, written by Karen Ladin and Douglas Hanto, noted that "...as a treatment for cystic fibrosis (the most common diagnosis among pediatric candidates for lung transplants), transplantation has been shown in several retrospective studies to have only marginal benefit (although some data suggest otherwise)." However, they also pointed out that a valid argument exists for those who wish to change the rules, specifically: "Younger patients who meet the size requirements and could benefit from adult lungs should be considered eligible."

Chest
A study published in the Chest, noted that high lung allocation score (above 75) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality following transplantation. Murnaghan had a lung allocation score of 91 out of 100 upon her first transplant. Her second lung allocation score was 87 out of 100.

American Journal of Transplantation
An article posted in the American Journal of Transplantation authored by Dr. Sweet and Dr. Barr in December 2013 discussed points brought up by the Murnaghan family. First they stated, "Indeed, the pool of adult transplant candidates is more than 50 times larger than the number of pediatric candidates. So the actual number of lungs recovered from donors under 12 reflects both donor availability and candidate demand. In fact, roughly 5% of the 400+ donors each year under 12 provide lungs compared to more than 35% of the 400+ adolescent donors (Figure 1). It is unlikely that donor characteristics are solely responsible for the lower percentage. Thus one area of focus for the pediatric lung transplant community should be to explore tapping into this apparent opportunity."

They also stated, "The second concept propagated by this story is that lobar transplant from adult donors is the best solution to the (perceived) lack of lung donors for children under 12. Although this option may be appropriate for children in circumstances where experienced transplant surgeons and physicians counsel the family that waiting for suitably sized donor organs from a pediatric donor is not feasible, the reality is that there are limited data supporting this approach for young children (in the most widely referenced series, the youngest recipient of an adult deceased donor lobar transplant was 9 years old) [3]. Moreover, the authors' experience with living donor lobar transplant suggests that size matching is critical to successful outcome. Thus, a change to the allocation system that encourages increased use of lobar transplant for young children would be premature."

Annals of Internal Medicine
In the September 3, 2013 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine, bioethicist Scott Halpern wrote the following regarding the decision to give Murnaghan receiving an adult lung as a result of Judge Michael Baylson's restraining order against the DHHS: "This intervention sets a troubling precedent. The court did not seek evidence to assess the merit of the age-discrimination claim...The rule undoubtedly disadvantaged Murnaghan, but the court's response exalted her and another child above a national policy, suggesting either failure to recognize that preferential treatment for some recipients will adversely affect others (who may not be much older than 12) or that the court considered these 2 children's lives more valuable than others’. Neither of these explanations is satisfying."

Pediatrics
In 2014, Pediatrics asked multiple bioethicists if they thought Judge Baylson made the right decision to override the UNOS allocation system give Murnaghan access to adult lungs. Two bioethicists, Jennifer DeSante and Arthur Caplan, told the journal that "In the Murnaghan case, Judge Baylson claimed that the UNOS pediatric lung allocation policy was “arbitrary,” capricious, and based on inadequate evidence...What the judge saw as arbitrary, UNOS experts saw as a policy reflective of the inadequate evidence concerning transplants for children versus adequate evidence supporting the efficacy of adult lung transplants."

Ruling
On June 5, 2013, Judge Michael Baylson of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania District Court directed Sebelius to temporarily suspend the under-12 rule following an emergency hearing. Judge Baylson stated in a memo regarding the issue of the temporary restraining order, "the Court concluded that issuance of the TRO was very much in the interest of the public as well as the Plaintiffs and Sarah ... [F]inally, this Court did not in any way, shape, or form dictate when or whether Murnaghan should receive a lung transplant."

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) responded by making a temporary, one-year appeals process for children under the age of 12 whose doctors feel may benefit from adult lungs. This temporary appeals process expired on June 30, 2014.

Transplants
On June 12, 2013, Murnaghan underwent what would be the first of two double lung transplants. She received these lungs from an adult donor. In a statement immediately following the surgery, her family said, "The surgeons had no challenges resizing and transplanting the donor lungs – the surgery went smoothly, and Sarah did extremely well."

This first pair of lungs, however, failed within hours of completion of the operation, necessitating the transplantation of a second pair of adult lungs on June 15, 2013. Murnaghan was placed on an ECMO machine on June 12, 2013, until her second transplant on June 15, 2013.

According to the Associated Press, the second set of lungs were infected with pneumonia, but the girl's condition was too dire to wait for another set of lungs to become available. Surgeons were able to remove the infected portion before the transplant. After the transplant, Murnaghan was able to take a few breaths on her own after doctors removed her breathing tube. However, she quickly needed breathing assistance, and the tube was reinserted. It was later discovered that her diaphragm had become paralyzed.

Complications
After her second transplant, Murnaghan developed pneumonia in her right lung.

ABC News reported that "A healthier patient might have turned down the lungs and waited for a better pair, but Sarah was out of options, so they went ahead with the operation." She needed a diaphragm plication (folding and suturing to tighten the diaphragm) and a Nissen fundoplication.

Departure from hospital
On August 27, 2013, Murnaghan returned home from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, where she had been staying since February 19.

She is undergoing physical therapy at home as part of her recovery and continues to struggle with compression fractures in her spine. However, according to her mother, Murnaghan is able to breathe off the ventilator for twelve hours a day.

As of 2018 Sarah Murnaghan suffers from diabetes, cystic fibrosis and her ongoing hearing loss.

References

Category:Bioethics
Category:Minimum ages
Category:Cystic fibrosis
Category:Organ transplantation
Category:Lung
Category:2013 in Pennsylvania
Category:2010s in Philadelphia
Category:Healthcare in Philadelphia
Category:Medical controversies in the United States
Category:May 2013 events in the United States


Cock Robin

"Who Killed Cock Robin" is an English nursery rhyme, which has been much used as a murder archetype in world culture. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 494.

Lyrics
The earliest record of the rhyme is in Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, published c. 1744, which noted only the first four verses. The extended version given below was not printed until c. 1770.
Who killed Cock Robin?
I, said the Sparrow,
with my bow and arrow,
I killed Cock Robin.

Who saw him die?
I, said the Fly,
with my little eye,
I saw him die.

Who caught his blood?
I, said the Fish,
with my little dish,
I caught his blood.

Who'll make the shroud?
I, said the Beetle,
with my thread and needle,
I'll make the shroud.

Who'll dig his grave?
I, said the Owl,
with my little trowel,
I'll dig his grave.

Who'll be the parson?
I, said the Rook,
with my little book,
I'll be the parson.

Who'll be the clerk?
I, said the Lark,
if it's not in the dark,
I'll be the clerk.

Who'll carry the link?
I, said the Linnet,
I'll fetch it in a minute,
I'll carry the link.

Who'll be chief mourner?
I, said the Dove,
I mourn for my love,
I'll be chief mourner.

Who'll carry the coffin?
I, said the Kite,
if it's not through the night,
I'll carry the coffin.

Who'll bear the pall?
We, said the Wren,
both the cock and the hen,
We'll bear the pall.

Who'll sing a psalm?
I, said the Thrush,
as she sat on a bush,
I'll sing a psalm.

Who'll toll the bell?
I, said the Bull,
because I can pull,
I'll toll the bell.

All the birds of the air
fell a-sighing and a-sobbing,
when they heard the bell toll
for poor Cock Robin.

The rhyme has often been reprinted with illustrations, as suitable reading material for small children. The rhyme also has an alternative ending, in which the sparrow who killed Cock Robin is hanged for his crime. Several early versions picture a stocky, strong-billed bullfinch tolling the bell, which may have been the original intention of the rhyme.

Origin and meaning
Although the song was not recorded until the mid-eighteenth century, there is some evidence that it is much older. The death of a robin by an arrow is depicted in a 15th-century stained glass window at Buckland Rectory, Gloucestershire, and the rhyme is similar to a story, Phyllyp Sparowe, written by John Skelton about 1508. The use of the rhyme 'owl' with 'shovel', could suggest that it was originally used in older middle English pronunciation. Versions of the story appear to exist in other countries, including Germany.

A number of the stories have been advanced to explain the meaning of the rhyme:
 The rhyme records a mythological event, such as the death of the god Balder from Norse mythology, or the ritual sacrifice of a king figure, as proposed by early folklorists as in the 'Cutty Wren' theory of a 'pagan survival'.
 It is a parody of the death of King William II, who was killed by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest (Hampshire) in 1100, and who was known as William Rufus, meaning "red".
 The rhyme is connected with the fall of Robert Walpole's government in 1742, since Robin is a diminutive form of Robert and the first printing is close to the time of the events mentioned.

All of these theories are based on perceived similarities in the text to legendary or historical events, or on the similarities of names. Peter Opie pointed out that an existing rhyme could have been adapted to fit the circumstances of political events in the eighteenth century.

The theme of Cock Robin's death as well as the poem's distinctive cadence have become archetypes, much used in literary fiction and other works of art, from poems, to murder mysteries, to cartoons.

Notes

External links

 Death and Burial of Poor Cock Robin, by H. L. Stephens, from Project Gutenberg
 Death and Burial of Poor Cock Robin From the Collections at the Library of Congress

Category:Robert Walpole
Category:1744 songs
Category:Fictional passerine birds
Category:English nursery rhymes
Category:Songwriter unknown
Category:English folk songs
Category:English children's songs
Category:Traditional children's songs
Category:Songs about birds
Category:Songs about death
Category:Murder ballads


Enriqueta Compte y Riqué

Enriqueta Compte y Riqué (31 December 1866 – 18 October 1949) was a Spanish-born Uruguayan teacher. She was the founder of the first kindergarten in South America in 1892, and famous for having contributed decisively to preschool teaching in Uruguay and Latin America.

Biography
The daughter of Catalan parents, Enriqueta Compte y Riqué emigrated to Uruguay with her family while still a child. In spite of her nearsightedness, Compte managed to overcome her difficulties and dedicated herself to studying teaching. She graduated at 19 as a first grade teacher, and in 1886 as a superior teacher. In 1887 she was appointed deputy director of the Normal Institute for Young Women, and during that same year she traveled to Europe on an official mission for the government of Máximo Tajes, to specialize in preschool education. She was entrusted to internalize the teachings of Friedrich Fröbel, which is why she toured Belgium, Germany, Holland, France and Switzerland. She returned from this trip in September 1890. As a result of the trip, she wrote a report in which she expressed "the hope of realizing in the Republic, the creation of these establishments, approaching the ideal of Fröbel, and incorporating them into the public organization of Primary Instruction."

Compte made numerous publications in magazines and specialized books for children between three and six years of age. With psychological and pedagogical methods, her work was inclined to study children respecting their individuality and personal learning capacity.

She was also accepted into several associations whose objectives were women's rights, the fight against tuberculosis, such as the Uruguayan League Against Tuberculosis, and against alcoholism and trafficking in women.

Her work was a precursor of secular education, based on social equality and the overcoming of prejudices and obstacles that, in her opinion, were harmful for the student, but above all, for the child as a human being who did not deserve to be marked by a world full of disparities of goals and possibilities.

Her great moral principle as an educator became clear when she said:

Kindergarten
When the  was founded, it was not the same as those that served as a model for what Enriqueta observed in Europe, although some things remained. Inspired by the thinking of José Pedro Varela, it was in the end a precursor to the current policy of compulsory preschool education. It also served as inspiration to preschool teachers from several countries, including Argentina.

Tributes

Currently the oldest preschool on the South American continent, Kindergarten No. 213, founded by Compte in 1892 in the neighborhood of Aguada, bears her name, as does a street in Montevideo.

On 8 March 2016, the Uruguayan Post issued a postage stamp in her honor.

Works
 1933, Lecciones de mi escuela
 1933, Estudio y Trabajo
 1948, Canciones y juegos de mi escuela

References

Further reading
 1992, Enriqueta Compte y Riqué. Vigencia y compromiso, Uruguayan OMEP Committee, Montevideo
 2006, Marenales, Emilio (compiler), Historia de la educación nacional. Reseñas, artículos y documentos, Lagomar
 2010, Maestra militante de la vida. Enriqueta Compte y Rique,
 2014, Ivaldi, Elizabeth, ''La educación inicial de la casa cuna a la escuela elemental

External links

Category:1866 births
Category:1949 deaths
Category:20th-century Uruguayan women writers
Category:Naturalized citizens of Uruguay
Category:Uruguayan educational theorists
Category:Uruguayan people of Catalan descent
Category:Women educational theorists
Category:Writers from Barcelona


RV 144

RV 144, or the Thai trial, is the name of an HIV vaccine clinical trial combining two vaccines that failed on their own, vaccinating in Thailand over the course of 24 weeks in October 2003 then testing for HIV until July 2006, publicly releasing efficacy findings in September 2009. The initial report shows that the rate of HIV infection among volunteers who received the experimental vaccine was 31% lower than the rate of HIV infection in volunteers who received the placebo.

The trial collaborators have stated that results of this trial give the first supporting evidence of any vaccine being effective in lowering the risk of contracting HIV. On October 20, 2009, the organizers released full results of the study through publishing in the New England Journal of Medicine and presented them at the AIDS Vaccine Conference in Paris.

Protocol
A total of 16,402 Thai volunteers aged 18–30 were recruited to participate in Chon Buri and Rayong Provinces in Thailand. These volunteers were randomized into double-blind study groups, with those in the experimental group receiving a phase III prime-boost HIV vaccine. Eligibility criteria for participation in the study required that all volunteers be HIV negative prior to enrollment in the study and be willing to participate in educational counseling intended to teach ways to reduce risk behavior associated with contracting HIV.  After being vaccinated, volunteers were asked to receive HIV testing every six months for three years, as well as receive additional risk-behavior counseling at every testing visit.

Of note, before this vaccine trial was initiated, an opinion letter from 22 established HIV researchers was published in the journal Science calling into question the rationale for this study of combining two vaccines that each failed in prior human trials to generate immune responses that they were designed to elicit.  This letter stated that spending $119 million when "the overall approval process lacked input from independent immunologists and virologists who could have judged whether the trial was scientifically meritorious" was an ill-advised use of precious resources.

Results
During the study, 125 of the 16,402 participants contracted HIV through behavior unrelated to their study participation. Of those 125, 74 infected persons had received placebo and 51 had received the vaccine, or 31.2% reduction. By one of the three pre-decided statistical tests for analysis of the trial there was a statistically significant lower rate of infection in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group, with p=0.04 for the "modified intent to treat" analysis that excluded persons who were found to have HIV infection after enrollment but before the first vaccination.  However, by the other two methods of analysis, there was no statistical significance in infection rates between the vaccine and placebo groups, with p=0.08 for the "intent to treat analysis" including all persons originally enrolled in the trial, and p=0.16 for the "per protocol analysis" including only persons from the modified intent to treat group who completed all three vaccinations and subsequent screening  Additionally,  the vaccine regimen had no effect on the amount of virus in the blood of volunteers who became HIV-infected during the study.

Immediately after release of the results, there was controversy and dispute over the significance of these results raised by several researchers, who also questioned the unusual strategy of pre-releasing the conclusion of vaccine efficacy to the press before publication of the actual data in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and lack of explanation regarding the three different statistical evaluations of which two did not yield significant results; Dr. Anthony Fauci defended this by stating that explaining these nuances in the press release "would have confused everybody".

In May 2011, a new analysis initiated at Duke University showed that there is a 29% chance that the vaccine is not effective (although it must be noted that this posterior probability is very different conceptually from a p-value, and cannot be directly compared to the p=.04 from the original analysis).

Cautious optimism
In a study in September 2011, researchers involved with the trial at Mahidol University in Bangkok and the United States Military HIV Research Program in Washington DC tested the blood of trial subjects for different immune indicators between those who received the vaccine and contracted HIV (41 subjects) and those who did not become infected (205 subjects).

Their work is not complete, but those in the study who produced IgG antibodies that recognise the V2 loop in the HIV envelope protein gp120 were 43% less likely to become infected.  Those who produced envelope specific IgA were 54% more likely to become infected, but no more susceptible than trial subjects receiving the placebo.  However, these studies all emphasize that such post-hoc analyses are subject to inherent bias and must be interpreted with caution.

The immune responses of uninfected patients could point the way to more fruitful research. Nelson Michael, director of the U.S. Military HIV Research Program who ran the trial, says that results lend "biological credence to the initial clinical study results".

Conclusion
The vaccine was found to be safe, well tolerated, and suitable for large-scale further research.

Vaccine composition
Over six months, volunteers received a prime-boost vaccination including six injections, four injections of a vaccine called ALVAC HIV (vCP1521) with the last two being at the same time as two injections of another vaccine called AIDSVAX B/E (gp120).

ALVAC‐HIV (vCP1521) consists of a viral vector containing genetically engineered versions of three HIV genes (env, gag and pol). The ALVAC vector is an inert form of canarypox, which is a bird virus which cannot cause disease or replicate in humans. AIDSVAX B/E is composed of genetically engineered gp120, a protein on the surface of HIV.

Sponsors
RV 144 is sponsored by the Surgeon General of the United States Army and conducted by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health with support from the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is part of the National Institutes of Health.

Supported in part by an Interagency Agreement (Y1-AI-2642-12) between the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and by a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and the U.S. Department of Defense. Sanofi Pasteur provided the ALVAC-HIV vaccine, and Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases (VaxGen) provided the reagents for the immunogenicity assays.

ALVAC‐HIV (vCP1521) was manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur.  AIDSVAX B/E was manufactured by Genentech under a license and supply agreement with VaxGen, which itself is a spin-off company of Genentech founded for the purpose of developing AIDSVAX. Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, a nonprofit organization co‐founded by former VaxGen executives, has ownership of certain intellectual and manufacturing rights of AIDSVAX.

References

External links
US Military HIV Research Program
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences
Thai Ministry of Public Health
Sanofi Pasteur
VaxGen
Genentech
Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov record of the study

Category:HIV vaccine research
Category:Clinical trials related to HIV


Patryk Czarnowski

Patryk Czarnowski, (born 1 November 1985) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team in 2010–2011 and Polish club   Aluron Virtu CMC Zawiercie, silver medalist of the 2011 World Cup, Polish Champion (2017, 2018).

Personal life
Czarnowski was born in Ostróda, Poland. He has brother Dariusz. He graduated School of Sports Championship in Spała. He studied pedagogy at the Warmian-Masurian University in Olsztyn. On August 1, 2013 his girlfriend Jagoda gave birth to their son Michał. He is married to Jagoda (née Majewska).

Career

Clubs
In 2012 he came back to Jastrzębski Węgiel. In season 2012/3013 Czarnowaki won the bronze medal of Polish Championship. In 2013/2014 the club advanced to the Final Four of the Champions League in Ankara and after defeating VC Zenit Kazan won the bronze medal. His team beat ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle in the last matches in the fight for a medal. Jastrzębski Węgiel ended season with second bronze, this time of Polish Championship. In season 2016/17 was a member of team ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle. In May 2017 ZAKSA, including Czarnowski, defended title of Polish Champion. Also in May 2017 it was announced that Czarnowski moved to another Polish club PGE Skra Bełchatów.

National team
Patryk Czarnowski was first appointed to represent the Polish national team by coach Daniel Castellani in 2010. He representing Poland on World Championship 2010. He debuted in Polish national team on May 29, 2010 in a  friendly match with France. He won the silver medal of World Cup 2011.

Sporting achievements
 CEV Champions League
  2013/2014 – with Jastrzębski Węgiel

 CEV Cup
  2010/2011 – with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle

 CEV Challenge Cup
  2008/2009 – with Jastrzębski Węgiel

 National championships
 2003/2004  Polish Championship, with AZS Olsztyn
 2004/2005  Polish Championship, with AZS Olsztyn
 2005/2006  Polish Championship, with AZS Olsztyn
 2006/2007  Polish Championship, with AZS Olsztyn
 2008/2009  Polish Championship, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
 2009/2010  Polish Cup, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
 2009/2010  Polish Championship, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
 2010/2011  Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2011/2012  Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2012/2013  Polish Championship, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
 2013/2014  Polish Championship, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
 2015/2016  Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2016/2017  Polish Cup, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2016/2017  Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2017/2018  Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
 2017/2018  Polish Championship, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
 2018/2019  Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów

 National team
 2003  European Youth Olympic Festival
 2005  CEV U19 European Championship
 2011  FIVB World Cup

Individually
 2010: Polish Cup – Best Blocker

References

External links
 PlusLiga player profile

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Ostróda
Category:Sportspeople from Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Category:Polish men's volleyball players
Category:ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle players
Category:AZS Olsztyn players
Category:Jastrzębski Węgiel players
Category:Skra Bełchatów players


Jean Nguyen

Jean Nguyen is a Vietnamese-American graduate of the United States Military Academy the first woman of Vietnamese descent to do so and among the largest number of women, 107, to graduate to date. She arrived in the United States following the fall of Saigon not knowing a word of English.  She learned English, finishing in the top of her high school class and went on to West Point. Nguyen received her commission as a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army at graduation on May 22, 1985 where she went on to ordnance school at the Aberdeen Proving Ground

Nguyen was the guest of President Reagan at the 1985 State of the Union Address where recognized her as "embodying the values and opportunities of the United States" and calling her an "American hero."

See also
 Tam Minh Pham a former Vietnamese soldier who immigrate to the United States and was the first of Vietnamese descent to graduate from the US Military Academy.

References

Category:United States Military Academy alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people


Central District (Babolsar County)

The Central District of Babolsar County (

خیابان محبوبی نبش چهارراه محبوبی

References

Category:Babolsar County
Category:Districts of Mazandaran Province


Pia Trulsen

Pia Spiten Trulsen (born 9 April 1991) is a Norwegian curler. She is daughter of Pål Trulsen. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Curling Championship in Sapporo, Japan. She also took part in the 2011, 2013 and 2014 European Curling Championships.

References

External links

Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:Norwegian female curlers


Eastern Philosophy (album)

Eastern Philosophy is the first official album by rapper Apathy. After years of deals in limbo, Apathy was finally able to release his debut album, on Babygrande Records. "The Winter" was released as a single.

Track listing

Credits

Additional personnel
 Anton Pukshansky — bass (track 3, 4), guitar (track 10)
 DJ Mek — scratches (track 3)
 Vertygo — keyboards (track 4)
 DJ Evil Dee — scratches (track 13)

Production
 Chum the Skrilla Guerilla — track 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14
 Celph Titled — track 3
 Quincey Tones — track 4, 8
 Apathy — track 7, 12
 DJ Cheapshot — track 8
 Exact Beats — track 11
 8th & Vertygo — track 13

Other credits
 Executive Producer: Apathy
 Mastering: Michael Sarsfield
 Mixing: Chum The Skrilla Guerilla
 Photography: Open Mic
 Artwork: Open Mic

References

Category:2006 albums
Category:Babygrande Records albums
Category:Apathy (rapper) albums
Category:Demigodz Records albums


Georges Clairin

Georges Jules Victor Clairin (11 September 1843, Paris – Pouldu, Clohars-Carnoët 2 September 1919) was a French Orientalist painter and illustrator. He was influenced by Eastern imagery Moorish architecture, and visited North Africa many times, in particular Algeria, Morocco and Egypt. In Paris he led the life of a socialite, and befriended the glamorous actress Sarah Bernhardt, his friend for 50 years, and is today best known for his 'in costume' and informal intimate portraits of her.

Life

Clairin was apprenticed in the workshops of Isidore Pils and François-Édouard Picot. In 1861 he entered the École des beaux-arts de Paris, and in 1866 first displayed his work. He travelled to Spain with Henri Regnault and to Italy with François Flameng and Jean-Léon Gérôme. He met the Catalan painter Marià Fortuny in Morocco and they visited Tétouan together. In 1895, he travelled to Egypt with the composer Camille Saint-Saëns.

He is best known for his portraits of Sarah Bernhardt, with whom he had a long friendship and whom he depicted in costume for a number of her roles, including as the queen in Ruy Blas (1879), Mélisande in La Princesse Lointaine (1895 and 1899), Cleopatra (1900), Theodora (1902) and Saint Teresa of Ávila; he also showed her in less formal poses. Clairin painted many ceilings, among them the foyers of the Opéra Garnier (1874) and the Le Trident, the theatre of Cherbourg.

He was the uncle of the painter .

Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt, 1876

Clairin's 1876 portrait of Sarah Bernhardt drew praise. Théodore Véron said of it:

Emile Zola found that: "Mademoiselle Sarah Bernhardt isn't pretty but she has fine intelligent features and Clairin has been able to give her a smooth little face and vulgar sensuality like Cabanel would paint."

Works
 Entrée à la mosquée du Chérif de Ouassam (1875)
 Les Favorites du sultan (1875)
  À l'extérieur du harem (1875)
 Portrait de Sarah Bernhardt (1876)
 Les brûleuses de varech à la Pointe du Raz (1882)
 Danseuse Ouled-Naïl (1885)
 L'Asie, L'Afrique (1889), Bourse de commerce de Paris
 Le Carnage (1890), Princeton University Art Museum
 Frou-Frou (1892)
 Fête fleurie
 Au balcon
 À l'opéra
 Portrait d'Alexandre Dumas fils
 Soldats français devant le temple de Karnak (1897)
 Sarah Bernhardt en Cléopâtre (1900)
 Retour des conscrits (désert d'Égypte) (1900)
 Marché à Madrid (1907) shown at the salon
 La Fantasia au Maroc (1907) shown at the salon
 Allah ! Allah ! (1908) shown at the salon
 Au lever du soleil, les moissonneurs arabes font leur prière (1909) shown at the salon
 Portrait de M. Terace à cheval, ministre de France à Tanger

Notes and references

Bibliography
 Christine Peltre, Dictionnaire culturel de l'orientalisme, Éditions Hazan, Paris, 2008

See also
List of Orientalist artists
Orientalism

External links
 Discussion of Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt by Janina Ramirez and Christophe Leribault: Art Detective Podcast, 12 April 2017

Category:1843 births
Category:1919 deaths
Category:19th-century French painters
Category:20th-century French painters
Category:French male painters
Category:Orientalist painters


Americans for Safe Access

Americans for Safe Access (ASA), based in Washington, D.C., is a member-based organization working to ensure safe and legal access to cannabis for therapeutic uses and research. Americans for Safe Access works in partnership with local, state, and federal legislators to create policies that improve access to medical cannabis for both patients and researchers. ASA has over 100,000 active members across the United States.

Media and activism
ASA provides legal training for and medical information to patients, attorneys, health and medical professionals, and policymakers throughout the United States. They also organize media support for court cases, rapid response to law enforcement raids, and capacity building for advocates.

Founding
Medical cannabis patient and Executive Director Steph Sherer founded ASA in 2002 in response to federal raids on patients and providers in California. Since then, their lobbying, media, and legal campaigns have led to court precedents, new sentencing standards, different legislative and administrative policies and procedures, as well as new legislation.

Accomplishments
 Successfully filed suit against California Highway Patrol (CHP), the largest law enforcement agency in the state, compelling CHP to stop confiscating patients’ medical cannabis to comply with the mandates of Proposition 215.
 Worked with elected officials to enact ordinances regulating medical cannabis dispensing collectives (dispensaries). Twenty four cities and seven counties have given dispensaries protection and legitimacy under local law.
 Has made medical cannabis a major story nationwide and has worked to frame a national discourse on medical cannabis issues.
 Provided outreach services to collectives, including legal training, peer counseling, and media spokesperson training.
 Litigated Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration, a case calling for removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act.

References

External links

Category:Drug policy organizations based in the United States
Category:Organizations established in 2002
Category:Medical and health organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Category:Cannabis law reform organizations based in the United States
Category:Medicinal use of cannabis organizations based in the United States
Category:Medical associations based in the United States
Category:2002 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Category:2002 in cannabis


Boluz

Boluz (, also Romanized as Bolūz) is a village in Karaftu Rural District, in the Central District of Takab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 160, in 30 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Takab County


ARY Musik

ARY Musik () (formerly The Musik) is a Pakistani pay television music channel, first launched in 2003 in Dubai by Salman Iqbal. It is part of the ARY Digital Network. It features music genres including pop, rock, bhangra, classical, and folk. It also airs interactive shows, celebrity interviews, comic fillers, theme shows, animations and live concerts.

The channel's longest-running international music based show was Music Hour with Wiqar Ali Khan, hosted in English and Pashto. ARY Musik is one of the first satellite channels to have live link-ups between its studios based in London, UK, USA, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Dubai.

Programs
Programs aired by ARY Musik include:
 Bingo with Anoushey
 Cellaholic Live
 Girls Republic
 Ghuru-Ho-Ja-Shuru
 Made in Pakistan with Madiha
 Musik Top Ten
 Living on the Edge
 Spot On Live
 Singing With Ovais Singstar
 Sajid Billa
 Salam-e-Ishaq
 Video on Trial
 Just Drive

References

External links

Category:Pakistani television networks
Category:ARY Digital
Category:Music television channels
Category:Television stations in Pakistan
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2003
Category:Music organisations based in Pakistan
Category:Television stations in Karachi


Watertown Center Historic District

The Watertown Center Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Watertown, Connecticut.  It exhibits architectural and historic changes from the early 1700s into the 20th century.  It is roughly bounded by Main, Warren, North, Woodbury, Woodruff, and Academy Hill Roads, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Description and history
The area that is now Watertown was settled in the early 18th century, but was not incorporated as a separate town until 1780.  Its town green, extending north-south between United States Route 6 and Woodbury Road, was laid out in 1772, and a colonial meetinghouse built at its edge (where the present town hall now stands), the area began to take shape as a village center.  Steele Brooke, which flows east of the village, was developed as a modest industrial area in the 19th century, and the village was eventually populated with shops and several churches.  The houses and institutional buildings built in the village before about 1930 represent an unusually high level of quality and diversity of style, and include a significant number of architect-designed buildings.

The historic district covers about , and is roughly centered on the town green and a stretch of US 6 between Woodbury Road and Main Street.  At its eastern edge, Main Street, it abuts part of the town's modern central business district.  Its southern boundary is Woodbury Road and Academy Hill Road, extending further south on Woodruff Road almost to Scott Avenue.  It extends northward along Main and North Streets to include Warren Street.  The green includes several small war memorials and a gazebo.  The typical streetscape in the district is residential, with stylistically diverse buildings of high quality.  Important non-residential buildings including the 1839 Greek Revival Congregational Church, and the Richardsonian Romanesque former library, built in 1883.  The present town hall, built in 1894 in brick, is a fine example of Colonial Revival architecture.  The United Methodist Church is an architect-designed Shingle Style structure built in 1898, and the Episcopal church is a fine example of an English country church designed by Allen and Collins of Boston, Massachusetts.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Litchfield County, Connecticut

References

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Litchfield County, Connecticut
Category:Federal architecture in Connecticut
Category:Greek Revival architecture in Connecticut
Category:Watertown, Connecticut


Gim Toro

Gim Toro is an Italian comic book series created by  Andrea Lavezzolo and Edgardo Dell'Acqua. It was in syndication from 1946 until 1951.

Background
Published in 1946 in an eponymous comic book series, the comics had an immediate success; in 1947 the main series was joined by the parallel series Gimtorissimo, still written by Lavezzolo but with illustrations by other artists. The success lasted until the beginning of 1950, and the series ended in 1951. It was republished several times until the second half of seventies.  The main character, Gim Toro, is an Italian-American by the appearance of actor Tyrone Power.

See also
Other comics series created by Andrea Lavezzolo:
Tony Falco (1948–1949)
Geky Dor (1949–1950)
Kinowa (1950–1961)
Il Piccolo Ranger (1958–1985)

References

Category:Italian comics titles
Category:Italian comics characters
Category:Comics characters introduced in 1946
Category:1946 comics debuts
Category:1951 comics endings
Category:Crime comics
Category:Fictional Italian people


2014 FFA Cup preliminary rounds

The 2014 FFA Cup preliminary rounds were a series of state-based knockout competitions, providing a qualification pathway for the 2014 FFA Cup, the Australian association football knockout cup competition.

The majority of clubs entered the tournament through their respective state federations, in which they competed in a state-based cup tournament to progress to the overall Round of 32 of the competition. A total of 22 teams will qualify from these qualifying competitions, joining the  10 A-League clubs in the Round of 32.

ACT
ACT clubs qualified for the FFA Cup via the 2013 Federation Cup.  From 2015 onwards the winner of that same years' Federation Cup would become the ACT's qualifier for the FFA Cup Round of 32.  Scheduling meant the 2014 winner would not be decided until after the qualifier needed to be named. To overcome this Capital Football announced that the 2014 winner of the ACTs pre-season competition was to be the ACT's qualifier in 2014.  However, Tuggeranong United – as the 2013 Federation Cup winners – successfully appealed to Capital Football to qualify them as ACT's 2014 FFA Cup entrant.

Schedule

First Round
22 Clubs from various divisions of the ACT State Leagues, as well as 4 Masters teams, entered into the 2013 Federation Cup competition at this stage. Matches in this round were played on 6 April 2013.

Notes
 Byes – UC Pumas (3), Weston Creek (3), ANU FC (SL2) (4), Narrabundah (8), Gungahlin Juventus (5), and Gungahlin United Masters 2 (-).

Second Round
Matches in this round were played on 13 April 2013.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Third Round
8 Clubs from the ACT National Premier League (Tier 2) entered into the competition at this stage. Matches in this round were played on 2–23 May 2013.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Quarter Finals
All matches in this round were completed by 20 June–3 July 2013.

Semi Finals
Matches in this round were played on 25 July–1 August 2013.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Final
A total of 2 teams took part in this stage of the competition. The victorious team in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32. Matches in this round were played on 28 August 2013.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

NSW
New South Wales clubs, other than Northern NSW and A-League clubs, qualify for the FFA Cup via the 2014 Waratah Cup.  There are seven allocated places from the Waratah Cup that qualify for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32; the four quarterfinal winners, and a separate competition for the four quarterfinal losers to determine the final three places.

The competition is for all teams of the National Premier Leagues NSW, NPL Division 2, State League Division 1, State League Division 2, as well as 55 Association teams which applied to participate in the 2014 competition.

Schedule

First Round
A total of 64 teams took part in this stage of the competition, comprising 9 teams from the State League Division 2, and 55 teams from other amateur Associations that successfully applied. All matches in this round were completed by 16 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time

Second Round
A total of 32 teams took part in this stage of the competition. All matches in this round were completed by 23 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover

Third Round
A total of 40 teams took part in this stage of the competition. 12 Clubs from the NPL Division 2 and 12 Clubs from the State League Division 1 entered into the competition at this stage. All matches in this round were completed by 9 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Fourth Round
A total of 32 teams took part in this stage of the competition. 12 Clubs from the National Premier Leagues NSW entered into the competition at this stage. All matches in this round were completed by 23 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Fifth Round
A total of 16 teams took part in this stage of the competition. All matches in this round were completed by 8 May 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 teams took part in this stage of the competition. The four victorious teams in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32, and to the semi-finals of the 2014 Waratah Cup. The losers progressed to the next round. Matches in this round were played on 21 May 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Playoff Round 1
A total of 4 teams (the losers of the quarter-final fixtures) took part in this stage of the competition. The two victorious teams in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32, with the losers progressing to the next round. Matches in this round were played on 4–5 June 2014.

Playoff Round 2
A total of 2 teams (the losers of the first two playoff matches) took part in this stage of the competition. The victorious team in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32. The match in this round was played on 17 June 2014.

Northern NSW
Northern NSW clubs, other than Newcastle Jets in the A-League, qualified for the FFA Cup proper via a state-wide knockout competition called the NNSWF State Cup.  This competition was open to all men's NNSWF Premier Competition Clubs and Senior Zone Member Clubs.

Due to travel distances and time restraints, the competition was divided into two pools, the Northern Pool and the Southern Pool, to determine Final Series participants. The Northern Pool (NORTH) was composed of club teams from Football Mid North Coast, North Coast Football, Northern Inland Football and Football Far North Coast. The Southern Pool was split into two further sub-pools, the first (SOUTH) comprising National Premier League and New FM 1st Division club teams and the second (SOUTH-INTER) comprising inter-district club teams from Newcastle Football, Macquarie Football and Hunter Valley Football. Four teams from the Northern pool qualified for the Final Series, two teams from the Southern pool (NPL+NEWFM), and two teams from the Southern inter-district pool (SOUTH-INTER).

A total of 78 Northern New South Wales teams took part in the State-wide Knockout Competition.

Schedule

First Round
The first round for the Northern Pool took place on 15–16 February 2014. The first round for both the Southern pools was scheduled to be completed by 2 March 2014, although many games were washed out and had to be rescheduled.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes : Kahibah (4) and Valentine (3).

Second Round
The second round for all pools was scheduled to be completed by 16 March 2014.
However, several matches were delayed due to the wet weather issues from Round 1.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes : Edgeworth Eagles (2) and Inverell Joeys (4).

Third Round
Matches were scheduled for the Northern Pool on 26–27 April 2014, for the Southern (NPL+NEWFM) pool on 22–23 March 2014, for the Southern inter-district pool (SOUTH-INTER), all games were completed by 23 April 2014.

Although Inverell Joeys lost, they were then drawn as a 'lucky loser' for the final series, at the same time as the Round Four draw was undertaken for the Southern inter-district pool (SOUTH-INTER).

Notes
 † = After Extra Time
 Bye: Broadmeadow Magic (2).

Fourth Round
Matches for the Southern (NPL+NEWFM) pool were scheduled for 7 May 2014, and matches for the Southern inter-district pool (SOUTH-INTER) on 21 May 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes: Kotara South (5) and South Cardiff (2).

Fifth Round
The match for the Southern inter-district pool (SOUTH-INTER) was scheduled for 28 May 2014.

Notes
 Bye: New Lambton Eagles (4).

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 teams took part in this stage of the competition; four teams from the Northern Pool, two teams from the Southern Pool (NPL+NEWFM) and two teams from the inter-district Southern Pool (SOUTH-INTER). Matches in this round were played on 21 June 2014, at the neutral venue of Coffs Harbour International Stadium.

Semi Finals
A total of 4 teams took part in this stage of the competition. The two victorious teams in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32, and qualified for the final of the NNSWF State Cup. Matches in this round were played on 22 June 2014, at the neutral venue of Coffs Harbour International Stadium.

Queensland
Queensland clubs, other than Brisbane Roar in the A-League, will qualify for the FFA Cup proper via the FQ Cup 2014 and the parallel linked Canale Travel Cup competition.  The FQ Cup is split into three regionalised zones; North Queensland (NTH), South East Queensland (SEQ) (excluding Brisbane), and Brisbane (BNE).

The North Queensland Zone comprises 4 sub zones; Far North Queensland (FNQ), North Queensland (NQ), Mackay Regional (MRF), and Central Queensland (CQ).  The South East Queensland Zone comprises 4 sub zones; Wide Bay (WB), Sunshine Coast (SC), South West Queensland (SWQ), and Gold Coast (GC).

The 4 semi finalists will qualify for the FFA Cup, with 1 team coming from North Queensland, 1 coming from South East Queensland and 2 coming from Brisbane. The two finalists of Brisbane's Canale Cup will qualify for both the FFA Cup and the FQ Cup Semi Finals.

Schedule

Qualifying Round
A total of 32 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. All matches in this round were completed by 22 February 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 Byes – The Gap (5), Taringa Rovers (4), Western Spirit (5) and Ipswich City (5).

First Round
A total of 72 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. All matches in this round were completed by 13 March 2014.

This round saw the inclusion of teams from remaining Sub Zones FNQ, CQ, WB, SC, and SWQ; as well as more teams from NQ and MRF.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes – Leichhardt (3), Nerimbera (3), Bingera (3), Moore Park (3), Nanango (3), and Gatton (3).

Second Round
A total of 44 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. All matches in this round were completed by 2 April 2014. New teams entering this round were Bayside United and Mitchelton.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Third Round
A total of 34 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. Twelve Brisbane Premier League teams (Tier 3) were admitted into the competition at this stage. This round also functions as the playoffs for each sub zone. All matches in this round were completed by 17 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Fourth Round
A total of 28 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. Twelve Queensland National Premier League teams, plus Murwillumbah, were admitted into the competition at this stage.  All matches in this round were completed by 4 May 2014. Central Queensland Energy were removed from the NPL in March 2014 – and therefore from the qualifiers – after failing to meet licensing conditions.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes – Mackay Magpies (3) and Gympie Diggers (4).

Fifth Round
A total of 16 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. All matches in this round were completed by 24 May 2014.

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 Queensland teams took part in this stage of the competition. The four victorious teams in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32. Matches in this round were played on 27 May–21 June 2014.

South Australia
South Australian clubs, other than Adelaide United in the A-League, may qualify for the FFA Cup via the 2014 Coca-Cola Federation Cup. One place from South Australia (the winner of the Final) will qualify for the 2014 FFA Cup.

Schedule

First Round
A total of 26 South Australian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 15 February–2 March 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes – Croydon Kings, MetroStars and Western Toros.

Second Round
A total of 16 South Australian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 5 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 South Australian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 21–30 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Semi Finals
A total of 4 South Australian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 7–14 May 2014.

Final
A total of 2 South Australian teams took part in this stage of the competition. The victorious team in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup. The match in this round was played on 31 May 2014.

Tasmania
Tasmanian clubs qualify for the FFA Cup via the Milan Lakoseljac Cup. One place from Tasmania (the winner of the Final) will qualify for the 2014 FFA Cup.

Schedule

Qualifying Round
A total of 7 Tasmanian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Byes to the Round of 16 were given to two clubs. Matches in this round were played on 10 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 Bye – Burnie United.

First Round
A total of 16 Tasmanian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Clubs from the T-League a conference of the National Premier Leagues and the top two clubs from the Northern Premier League and Southern Premier League in 2013 were admitted into the competition at this stage. Matches in this round were played on 15–23 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 Tasmanian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 21 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Semi Finals
A total of 4 Tasmanian teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 3–4 May 2014.

Final
A total of 2 Tasmanian teams took part in this stage of the competition. The victorious team in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32. This match was played on 9 June 2014.

Victoria
Victorian clubs, other than A-League clubs, will qualify for the final rounds of the FFA Cup via the 2014 Dockerty Cup (formerly known as the FFV State Knockout Cup). Other than the two A-League teams, four teams from Victoria (the semi-finalists) will qualify for the Round of 32.

Schedule

First Round
A total of 70 teams took part in this stage of the competition, which was open to teams from the Victorian State League Division 5, regional, metros and masters leagues. Teams were seeded in terms of which round they would enter based on their Division in 2013. Tiers in the table refer to the current (2014) division, after a major reorganization of the Victorian competition structure. A total of 10 teams were given a Bye to the Second Round. Matches in this round were played on 1–4 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time
 Byes – Brighton (7), Bundoora United (7), Chelsea (8), Harrisfield Hurricanes (8), Keilor Wolves (8), Kings Domain (8), Lara (8), Noble Park (7), Parkmore (8), White Star Dandenong (8).

Second Round
A total of 112 teams took part in this stage of the competition. 72 Clubs from the clubs from the Victorian State League Division 4 and Division 3 entered into the competition at this stage. Teams were seeded in terms of which round they would enter based on their Division in 2013. Tiers in the table refer to the current (2014) division. Matches in this round were played on 7–9 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time

Third Round
A total of 80 teams took part in this stage of the competition. 24 Clubs from the Victorian State League Division 2 entered into the competition at this stage. Teams were seeded in terms of which round they would enter based on their Division in 2013. Tiers in the table refer to the current (2014) division. Matches in this round were played on 14–22 March 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time

Fourth Round
A total of 64 teams took part in this stage of the competition. 12 Clubs from the Victorian Premier League and 12 Clubs from the Victorian State League Division 1 entered into the competition at this stage. Teams were seeded in terms of which round they would enter based on their Division in 2013. Tiers in the table refer to the current (2014) division. Matches in this round were played on 20 March–15 April 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Fifth Round
A total of 32 teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 17 April–14 May 2014.

Notes
 w/o = Walkover
 † = After Extra Time

Sixth Round
A total of 16 teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 28 May–4 June 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 teams took part in this stage of the competition. The four victorious teams in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32 and to the Semi Finals of the 2014 Dockerty Cup. Matches in this round were played on 11–25 June 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Western Australia
Western Australian clubs, other than Perth Glory in the A-League, qualify for the FFA Cup via the Football West State Cup, known this year for sponsorship reasons as the 2014 Cool Ridge Cup. Two places from WA (the semi-final winners) qualified for the FFA Cup 2014 Round of 32.

Schedule

Qualifying Round
A total of 39 Western Australian teams took part in this stage of the competition. 24 clubs from the All Flags State League Division 1 and State League Division 2 and 15 clubs from various divisions of the 2014 Sunday League were admitted into the competition at this stage. Matches in this round were played on 29 March 2014.

Notes
 Byes – North Perth United (5), Swan United (3) and Fremantle United (4).

First Round
A total of 32 teams took part in this stage of the competition. 11 of the 12 Clubs from the National Premier Leagues entered into the competition at this stage, with the exception of Perth Glory Youth who were not eligible. Matches in this round were played on 5 April 2014.

Second Round
A total of 16 teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 21 April 2014.

Quarter Finals
A total of 8 teams took part in this stage of the competition. Matches in this round were played on 10 May 2014.

Notes
 † = After Extra Time

Semi Finals
A total of 4 teams took part in this stage of the competition. The two victorious teams in this round qualified for the 2014 FFA Cup Round of 32, and also for the Cool Ridge Cup Final. Matches in this round were played on 2 June 2014.

References

External links
 Official website

2014
FFA Cup
Category:2014 in Australian soccer