1921 Alabama Crimson Tide football team

The 1921 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1921 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 28th overall and 25th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA). The team was led by head coach Xen C. Scott, in his third year, and played their home games at Denny Field in Tuscaloosa and at Rickwood Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of five wins, four losses and two ties (5–4–2 overall, 2–4–2 in the SIAA).

In the opener, Alabama spotted  a 14–0 first-quarter lead before they rallied and won, 34–14. After a victory over Spring Hill in their second game, the Crimson Tide outscored Marion Military Institute and Bryson College by a combined 150–0 over their next two games en route to a 4–0 start to open the season. The fast start did not translate to winning for the remainder of the season as they lost four of their next five games.

In their first Rickwood Field game of the season, the Crimson Tide was shut out by Sewanee and followed the loss with a tie against LSU in their first road game of the season at New Orleans. Alabama returned to Rickwood in their next game, where they were shut out by Vanderbilt, followed by losses to Florida on homecoming in Tuscaloosa and then to Georgia at Atlanta. After they tied Mississippi A&M in their final home game of the year, Alabama upset Tulane at New Orleans and prevented their first losing season since 1903.

Schedule

Source: Rolltide.com: 1921 Alabama football schedule

Game summaries

Howard

Source:

As they had lost several starters from the previous season, Alabama entered their season opener against Howard (now known as Samford University) with much uncertainty. Against the Bulldogs, the Crimson Tide trailed 14–0 after the first quarter, but rallied with 34 unanswered points and won 34–14. Early in the first, Howard scored both of their touchdowns on fumble returns on successive Alabama possessions; the first came on a 60-yard and second on a 30-yard return. The 14–0 deficit marked the first time Alabama ever trailed Howard at the end of the first quarter in the history of their series.

Alabama responded in the second with a pair of 25-yard touchdown runs first by Lelias Kirby and then by Max Rosenfeld that made the halftime score 14–13. The Crimson Tide then closed the game with three touchdowns in the third quarter that made the final score 34–14. Rosenfeld scored on runs of five and ten-yards and Charles Bartlett scored on a six-yard run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Howard to 10–0.

Spring Hill

Source:

In what was their first all-time game against Spring Hill College, Alabama defeated the Badgers 27–7 at Denny Field. After a scoreless first quarter that saw the Badgers drive to the one-foot line of the Crimson Tide before a turnover on downs, each team scored a second quarter touchdown that made the halftime score 7–7. Poc Little scored first for the Crimson Tide on a five-yard run and the Badgers' Walet intercepted a Tom Newton pass and returned it 55-yards and tied the game 7–7 at halftime. Alabama then closed the game with three one-yard touchdown runs and won 27–7. The first was by L. O. Wesley in the third and by Max Rosenfeld and William C. Baty in the fourth.

Marion Military Institute

Source:

Against Marion, Alabama shutout the Cadets 55–0 at Tuscaloosa for their third consecutive win to open the season. Touchdowns were scored four times by Max Rosenfeld, twice by William C. Baty and once each by Al Clemens and Virgil Hawkins. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Marion to 8–0.

Bryson College
Against Bryson College (merged with Erskine College in 1929), coach Scott played two separate backfields in a game for the first time. In the only game ever played between the schools, Alabama was dominant in a 95–0 victory at Tuscaloosa. Touchdowns were scored three times by Max Rosenfeld and Al Clemens, twice by William C. Baty, Poc Little and Virgil Hawkins and once each by George Baker, Lewis and W. S. "Country" Oliver. The 95 points remain the second most scored in a single game in the history of Alabama football behind a 110 performance against the Marion Military Institute to open the 1921 season.

Sewanee

Sources:

In the first Rickwood Field game of the season, the Sewanee Tigers shutout Alabama 17–0 for their first loss of the season. After an early Al Clemens fumble gave Sewanee good field position, Fletcher Skidmore gave the Tigers an early 3–0 lead with his 40-yard field goal in the first quarter. Both teams then played strong defense and the Tigers' maintained their slim lead into halftime. Bauman scored on a short touchdown run that capped a 70-yard drive in the third quarter and extended their lead to 10–0. William Coughlan then made the final score 17–0 with his short touchdown run in the fourth quarter. The loss was the final one that the Crimson Tide ever lost to the Tigers and brought Alabama's all-time record against Sewanee to 4–10–2.

LSU

Source:

After their loss to Sewanee, Alabama scrimmaged both Cullman High School and Tuscaloosa High School as part of their preparation for their first road game of the season. At Heinemann Park in New Orleans, Alabama tied LSU 7–7 after the Tigers scored a late touchdown in the fourth quarter. After a defensive struggle in the first half, Alabama scored the first points of the game in the third quarter. The touchdown came on a three-yard Hulet Whitaker run that capped a 65-yard drive. Clarence Ives then tied the game late in the fourth quarter on a short touchdown run. Although the game ended in a tie, the Crimson Tide dominated play as they made 23 first downs as compared to LSU's six. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 5–3–1.

Vanderbilt

Sources:

As they entered their game against Vanderbilt, the Alabama team had much uncertainty of the outcome as the Commodores were undefeated. Played at Birmingham, Alabama was able to play with Vanderbilt, but fell short in this 14–0 loss. Midway through the first quarter, the Commodores took a 7–0 lead on a short Lynn Bomar touchdown run. The score remained the same through the fourth quarter when a Paul Stumb interception set up the final Vanderbilt scoring drive. Jess Neely then led the Commodores downfield where Rupert Smith made the final score 14–0 with his three-yard touchdown run. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 1–6.

Florida

Source:

On homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Florida Gators upset the Crimson Tide 9–2 at Denny Field. Florida took a 6–0 lead on a 12-yard run by either Ark Newton or Ferdinand H. Duncan in the first quarter. After a scoreless second, Alabama scored their only points in the third after L. O. Wesley blocked a Newton punt that was recovered by Newton for a safety. The Gators then made the final score 9–2 on a 20-yard Newton field goal in the fourth quarter. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Florida to 1–1.

Georgia

Sources:

Playing in rainy, muddy conditions at Atlanta, the Crimson Tide lost their third consecutive game to the Georgia Bulldogs 22–0. After each team fumbled the ball on successive possessions, the Bulldogs scored their first touchdown on a six-yard James Reynolds run in the first quarter. The score remained 7–0 through the fourth quarter when Georgia closed the game with 15 points in the final period. First, Hugh Whelchel blocked a Charles Bartlett punt that Bartlett recovered for a safety. James Spicer and Teany Randall then scored on short touchdown runs that capped a pair of long drives and made the final score 22–0. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 4–9–3.

Mississippi A&M

Source:

In their final home game of the season, Alabama tied the Mississippi A&M (now known as Mississippi State University) Aggies 7–7 on Thanksgiving at Rickwood Field. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 7–0 lead on a 15-yard touchdown pass from Hulet Whitaker to Charles Bartlett. C. B. Cameron then tied the game 7–7 with his 55-yard punt return in the third quarter. Each team had opportunities to win late in the game, but failed to convert on each occasion. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi A&M to 8–4–2.

Tulane

Sources:

Alabama avoided their first losing season since the 1903 season after they defeated the Tulane Green Wave 14–7 in a game that featured a wild fourth quarter. After the first three quarters were scoreless (Alabama once fumbling the ball away at Tulane's 3-yard line), the Green Wave scored early in the fourth and took a 7–0 lead. Alabama answered with a 65-yard drive, capped with a 20-yard Charles Bartlett touchdown run that tied the game 7–7. Later in the quarter, Alabama drove down the field and scored to take a 14–7 lead on a second Bartlett touchdown run. As the clocked wound down in the final seconds, Tulane had the ball at the Alabama 40 yard line. The Green Wave then appeared to score a game-tying touchdown on a 40-yard pass completion. However, the referee ruled that time had expired as he had blown the whistle before Tulane snapped the ball. The Tulane fans rioted and stormed the field and the referee required a police escort to escape. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 9–3–1.

Personnel

Varsity letter winners

Line

Backfield

Other

Coaching staff

References
General

Specific

Alabama
Crimson Tide
Category:Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons


Jann Arden (album)

Jann Arden is the sixth album from Canadian singer Jann Arden, released in 2005. In addition to 11 new songs, the album features a new version of "I Would Die For You", Arden's first major chart hit in her native Canada, with guest vocals by Sarah McLachlan.

The album debuted at number 3 on the Canadian album sales charts in its first week of release, Arden's highest debut in her 12-year career.

Track listing
 "Calling God"
 "Where No One Knows Me"
 "I'd Be Glad"
 "Why Do I Try"
 "All of This"
 "How Good Things Are"
 "Life is Sweet"
 "Willing to Fall Down"
 "A Perfect Day"
 "Beautiful Pain"
 "Rock This Girl"
 "I Would Die For You" (guest vocals by Sarah McLachlan.)

Chart performance

Certifications

References

Category:2005 albums
Category:Jann Arden albums
Category:Universal Music Canada albums


Marko Petkovšek

Marko Petkovšek is a Slovenian mathematician, born: 1955, working mainly in symbolic computation.
He is a professor of discrete and computational mathematics at the University of Ljubljana. He completed his Ph.D. at Carnegie Mellon University
under the supervision of Dana Scott. He is best known for Petkovšek's algorithm. Together with Herbert Wilf and Doron Zeilberger he wrote the book A = B.

External links
 "A = B"

Category:1955 births
Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Slovenian mathematicians
Category:University of Ljubljana faculty


Gasparini

Gasparini is an Italian surname and may refer to:

 Francesco Gasparini (1668–1727), or simply "Gasparini," Italian composer
 Gaspare Gasparini (died 1590), Italian painter
 Graziano Gasparini (1924–2019), Venezuelan architect
 John Gasparini (fl. 1978–2009), former hockey coach and president of the United States Hockey League
 Marten Gasparini (born 1997), Italian baseball player
 Mitja Gasparini (born 1984), Slovenian volleyball player
 Quirino Gasparini (1721–1778), Italian composer
 Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini, Argentine palaeontologist

See also
 Gasbarini, a minor planet
 Foucher-Gasparini, a French mechanical organ building company
 Gasparinisaura, a genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous


Fill (music)

In popular music, a fill is a short musical passage, riff,  or rhythmic sound which helps to sustain the listener's attention during a break between the phrases of a melody. "The terms riff and fill are sometimes used interchangeably by musicians, but [while] the term riff usually refers to an exact musical phrase repeated throughout a song", a fill is an improvised phrase played during a section where nothing else is happening in the music. While riffs are repeated, fills tend to be varied over the course of a song. For example, a drummer may fill in the end of one phrase with a sixteenth note hi-hat pattern, and then fill in the end of the next phrase with a snare drum figure.

In drumming, a fill is defined as a "short break in the groove--a lick that 'fills in the gaps' of the music and/or signals the end of a phrase. It's kind of like a mini-solo." A fill may be played by rock or pop instruments such as the electric lead guitar or bass, organ, or drums, or by other instruments such as strings or horns. In blues or swing-style scat singing, a fill may even be sung. In a hip-hop group, a fill may consist of rhythmic turntable scratching performed by a DJ.

"Fills can vary as to style, length, and dynamics...[though] most fills are simple in structure and short in duration" Each type of popular music such as funk, country, and metal has characteristic fill passages, such as short scalar licks, runs, or riffs.  Musicians are expected to be able to select and perform stylistically appropriate fills from a collection of stock fills and phrases. "Although it is a small break in the pattern, the tempo is not changed at all, and in most instances the time-keeping pattern is resumed immediately after the fill...An important point to remember is that the flow of the music should not be sacrificed to the technicality of the fill."

Chordal fills on guitar or keyboard instruments are "groups of single notes played within the context of a specific chord" to "produc[e] a countermelody." A guitarist playing chordal fills will strum the chord for several strums and then interpolate several passing notes that lead to the next chord.

Tradition and improvisation

In some styles, such as jazz or jazz fusion, musicians have more freedom to improvise fill passages each time a piece or song is performed. In other styles, such as bluegrass, performers are more likely to use standard "walkup" or "walkdown" scalar passages as fills in every song. Some groups use previously composed fills as part of the identity of a song. The Eagles, for example, play the same fills each time they perform a song.

Comparison with similar techniques
Fills are distinguished from solo breaks, which are short, often unaccompanied solo passages interpolated between sections of a song. Whereas fills are relatively unobtrusive, solo breaks such as bass runs are usually composed to draw attention to the soloist's virtuoso skills by using difficult techniques and rapid passages.

Fill passages are also distinguished from "lead" passages, in which a musical instrument becomes a melodic substitute for the singer for a substantial period, and from solos such as guitar solos.

Sources

Category:Drumming
Category:Accompaniment
Category:Musical techniques
Category:Rhythm and meter
Category:Riffs


Caesar Joachim Trognaesius

Caesar Joachim Trognaesius or Troigney (born 1590) was a 17th-century printer-bookseller and calligraphic type designer.

Life
Caesar Joachim continued the bookshop and printing business of his father, Joachim Trognaesius, on the churchyard of Antwerp Cathedral. His date of death is unknown.

Calligraphic type of his design was demonstrated in Nouvel A. B. C., published by Arnold van Brakel in Antwerp in 1671.

Publications
 Willem Marcquis, Decas pestifuga seu decem quaestiones problematicae de peste, unà cum exactissima instructione purgandarum aedium infectarum (1627) – a treatise on the pestilence. Available on Google Books
 Juan Francisco Rodriguez, Nieuwen dictionaris om te leeren de Nederlandtsche ende Spaensche talen: met groote neerstigheydt by een vergadert ende ghestelt met de nomina, genera, verba ende eenighe coniugatien (1634) – A Dutch-Spanish dictionary and grammar. Available on Google Books
 Lazarus Marcquis, Volcomen tractaet van de peste (1636) – a treatise on the pestilence. Available on the Internet Archive
 Arnold de la Porte, Compendio de la lengua española. Institutie vande Spaensche tale (1637), dedicated to Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre. Available on Google Books
 Aubertus Miraeus, Regulae et Constitutiones Clericorum in Congregatione viventium (1638) – Various rules for clergy living in community Available on Google Books
 Caesar Joachim Trognaesius, El Grande dictionario y thesoro de las tres lenguas Española, Francesa y Flamenca con todos los nombres de los Reynos, ciudades y lugares del mundo. Le Grand Dictionnaire et Tresor de trois langues, François, Flameng et Espaignol, avec tous les noms des Royaumes, Villes et lieux du Monde. Den grooten Dictionaris ende Schat van dry talen, Duytsch, Spaensch ende Fransch, met de namen der Rijcken, Steden ende plaetsen der wereldt (1639; reprinted 1642) – a three-language dictionary, thesaurus and gazetteer compiled from the work of Cornelis Kiliaan, César Oudin, Juan Francisco Rodriguez, and others. Available on Google Books
 Jean-Jacques Courvoisier, Le prince immortel tiré sur la vie et la fin glorieuse de S.A.R. Don Ferdinand d'Autriche, Infant d'Espagne (1642) – a eulogy of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
 Jean-Jacques Courvoisier, Les oeuvres spirituelles (3 vols., 1644-1645)

References

Fernand Donnet, Les Imprimeurs Trognaesius et leur famille (Antwerp, 1919)

External links
Secondary title page of El Grande dictionario y thesoro de las tres lenguas, with portrait vignette of Caesar Joachim Trognaesius (Caesar Trogney) at lower left.

Category:1590 births
Category:Year of death unknown
Category:17th-century printers
Category:17th-century publishers (people)
Category:Book publishers (people) from the Southern Netherlands
Category:Typographers


Alessandro Jacchia

Alessandro Jacchia (; born 5 September 1960) is an Italian producer. He is co-founder, president and CCO of Albatross Entertainment S.p.A.

Life and career
Alessandro Jacchia was born in Mexico City in 1960.

He is married and has two daughters.  Since 2006 he is the President and Chief Creative Officer of Albatross Entertainment S.p.a., an audiovisual production company based in Rome.

He graduated with a master's degree in Film Direction from the London Film School in 1982 and in 1984 with a Master of Fine Arts in Film Production from the University of Southern California (the P. Stark Motion Picture Producing Course) in Los Angeles.
Alessandro Jacchia began his career in Los Angeles in 1982, developing projects and scripts as a story editor for film producer Steve Roth at Columbia Pictures. During the following three years he held the same position also at Paramount Pictures and for producer Alain Bernheim.
In 1985 he moved to Mexico and joined Televisa S.A., Latin America's largest telecommunications group, as Director of Artistic Development, an appointment he held until 1991. In 1987 became Producer of Telenovelas (soap operas) until 1990 when, with the soap Mi segunda Madre (200 episodes) he won Best Television Production of the year and nine out of the twelve "TV y Novelas" Awards.

In 1992 he joined the newly founded LuxVide Spa as a Director, responsible for producing European projects until 1998. He became a Member of the Board of Directors at Eudoxa, Lux Vide' s production arm and simultaneously worked as Executive Producer.
Between 1993 and 2002 he produced eighty-seven prime-time 100 minute TV movies and mini-series for Lux Vide Spa both in Italy and abroad, in co-production with RAI, Mediaset and other international partners such as TF1, France 2, Kirchmedia, RTP, and Sat.1.
Among the many films and television series produced there were also Don Matteo 1, 2 and 3, the first Italian series ever produced with a resolved ending for each episode lasting 50 minutes, for which he was also the Series' Creator.

In 2006, he co-founded, with Maurizio Momi, Albatross Entertainment S.p.A., a company specialized in the production of TV Dramas, for which he guides the artistic and strategic development, and has produced over eighty 100 minutes prime time TV programs, including mini-series and TV series, as well as a feature film. Among the company's regular customers are RAI and Mediaset, the two major Italian broadcasters. He has defined and implemented a strategy that allows Albatross to develop its projects in-house, participating in the financing and consequently retaining ownership over most of the rights and formats, thus confirming Albatross as Independent Producer.
The productions by Alessandro Jacchia have received acclaim from both the public and critics along with awards in some of the most prestigious international television festivals, including the FIPA (Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels) in Biarritz, the Monte-Carlo Television Festival, Banff World Media Festival in Canada, the Shanghai International Film Festival, the Roma Fiction Festival.

He is the author of film stories, screenplays for film and TV Dramas, also made by other producers, such as "Mollo Tutto," "Lourdes", and the format creator of TV series as "Don Matteo" and " The Restorer".

From 2001 to 2007 he was Professor at University of Urbino, where he taught "Economics and Organization of Performing Arts"  at the Faculty of Sociology, Communications Studies. Currently, he holds a yearly course entitled "What is an idea?" at Luiss (Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli - University of Rome and at University of Rome La Sapienza.

In July 2002 he received the Award for Best European Television Producer as part of the 42nd Monte-Carlo Television Festival.

Awards
 Nomination at Roma Fiction Fest for Best TV Drama – Rebel land – The New World, 2013
 Nomination for Best International Producers at Monte-Carlo Television Festival – Maurizio Momi and Alessandro Jacchia for Rebel land, 2011
 Nomination for Best TV movie at Shanghai Television Festival – The scandal of the Roman Bank, 2010
 Nomination for Best TV miniseries at Monte-Carlo Television Festival – The scandal of the Roman Bank, 2010
 Nomination for Best TV miniseries at Roma Fiction Fest – The scandal of the Roman Bank, 2010
 TV Oscar (Premio Regia Televisiva) for Best Fiction of the year - The scandal of the Roman Bank, 2010
 Silver FIPA for Best TV Series at Biarritz Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels – Maurizio Momi, Alessandro Jacchia and Stefano Reali for The scandal of the Roman Bank, 2010
 Selected to represent Italy at Milan Telefilm Festival – Good and evil, 2009
 Nomination for Best International Producers at Monte-Carlo Television Festival – Maurizio Momi and Alessandro Jacchia for Good and evil, 2009
 Best TV Fiction at Busto Arsizio Film Festival – Good and evil, 2009
 Nomination for best TV Movie at San Diego Italian Film Festival (USA) – A stolen life, 2008
 Nomination for best TV Movie at Monte-Carlo Television Festival – A stolen life, 2008
 Nomination for best TV Miniseries at Monte-Carlo Television Festival – The last flight, 2007
 Nomination at Cathay Pacific Italian Film Festival – Ice on fire, 2006
 Best European Television Producer - 42º Monte-Carlo Television Festival, 2002
 Best Television Producer - TV and Novelas Mexican Festival (Premios TVyNovelas), 1990

Filmography

 Mi segunda Madre, directed by Miguel Còrcega (1989, TV series)
 Carlo Magno, directed by Clive Donner (1993, TV mini series)
 Una bambina di troppo, directed by Damiano Damiani (1994, TV movie)
 Uno di noi, directed by Fabrizio Costa ([1996, TV mini series)
 Nuda proprietà, directed by Enrico Oldoini (1997, TV movie)
 Fatima, directed by Fabrizio Costa (1997, TV movie)
 Lui e lei, directed by Luciano Manuzzi (1996, TV mini series)
 Dio vede e provvede, directed by Enrico Oldoini, Paolo Costella (1996, TV movie)
 Dio vede e provvede 2, directed by Enrico Oldoini, Paolo Costella (1997, TV series)
 Dio vede e provvede 3, directed by Enrico Oldoini, Paolo Costella (1998, TV series)
 Lui e lei 2, directed by Luciano Manuzzi (1999, TV mini series)
 Cristallo di Rocca, directed by Maurizio Zaccaro (1999, TV movie)
 Vola Sciusciù, directed by Joseph Sargent (2000, TV movie)
 Don Matteo, directed by Enrico Oldoini (2000, TV series)
 Don Matteo 2, directed by Andrea Barzini, Leone Pompucci (2001, TV series)
 Angelo il custode, directed by Ugo Fabrizio Giordani, Alfredo Arciero (2001, TV series)
 La crociera, directed by Enrico Oldoini (2001, TV mini series)
 La Sindone, directed by Ludovico Gasparini (2001, TV movie)
 Crociati, directed by Dominique Othenin-Girard (2001, TV movie)
 Don Matteo 3, directed by Enrico Oldoini, Andrea Barzini, Leone Pompucci (2002, TV series)
 Il bambino di Betlemme, directed by Umberto Marino (2002, TV movie)
Albatross Productions
 The wrong man, directed by Stefano Reali (2005, TV mini series)
 The man who dreamt with eagles, directed by Vittorio Sindoni (2006, TV mini series)
 Ice on fire, directed by Umberto Marino (2006, movie)
 Love and war, directed by Giacomo Campiotti (2007, TV mini series)
 The last flight, directed by Umberto Marino (2007, TV mini series)
 The third truth, directed by Stefano Reali (2007, TV mini series)
 The stolen life, directed by Graziano Diana (2008, TV movie)
 Good and evil, directed by Giorgio Serafini, Dario Acocella (2009, TV series)
 The man who rode in the dark, directed by Salvatore Basile (2008, TV mini series)
 Island's secrets, directed by Ricky Tognazzi (2009, TV series)
 The scandal of Roman Bank, directed by Stefano Reali (2009, TV mini series)
 Rebel Land, directed by Cinzia TH Torrini (2010, TV series)
 Destiny's shadow, directed by Pier Belloni (2011, TV series)
 The restorer, directed by Giorgio Capitani, [Salvatore Basile (2012, TV series)
 Rebel Land - The New World, directed by Ambrogio Lo Giudice (2012, TV series)
 The broken years, directed by Graziano Diana (2014, TV series)
 The restorer 2, directed by Enrico Oldoini (2014, TV series)

References

External links

 Official website
 Albatross Entertainment official website

Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian television producers
Category:Italian film producers
Category:Alumni of the London Film School
Category:USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni


Henry Draper (umpire)

Henry Draper was a cricket test match umpire, standing in the 1893 Ashes test at the Oval.  Born in Kent in 1847, he died in 1896.

References

Category:1847 births
Category:English Test cricket umpires
Category:1896 deaths


Latour-Bas-Elne

Latour-Bas-Elne () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

Geography
Latour-Bas-Elne is located in the canton of La Plaine d'Illibéris and in the arrondissement of Perpignan.

Population

See also
Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales


Eddie och Maxon Jaxon

Eddie och Maxon Jaxon is a 1992 children's book by Viveca Sundvall. The book is the first in the Eddie series, a spinoff set in the same universe as the Mimmi series. Both Mimmi and Anders appear in the book.

The book won the 1992 Nils Holgersson Plaque in the category "Swedish children's and youth book of the year".

Plot
By August, Eddie will start school. He doesn't look forward to it. He would rather like to have a real job, like camel-keeper, because things aren't so free at school. His idols are Mardona, Madonna and "Maxon Jaxon". His father is single, and alcoholic.

References

Category:1991 children's books
Category:Rabén & Sjögren books
Category:Works by Viveca Lärn
Category:1991 Swedish novels


Germania Teveren

The Germania Teveren is a German association football club from the Teveren suburb of Geilenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia.

The club's greatest success has been to earn promotion to the tier three Regionalliga West/Südwest in 1996, where it played for two seasons.

History
Germania Teveren was formed in 1910 and, for the most of its history, has been a non-descript amateur side in local football.

The club's rise began in the early 1980s when it won promotion to the Bezirksliga for the first time, followed by promotion to the Landesliga Mittelrhein in 1985. Germania moved between those two league for the next decade until it earned promotion to the Verbandsliga Mittelrhein in 1992 and to the Oberliga after a championship in the former the following season.

Germania played the next three seasons in the Oberliga Nordrhein, coming eleventh in its first season there. The club greatly improved after this, coming fourth in 1995 and winning the league in 1996. The later also allowed the club direct promotion to the Regionalliga for the first time.

In the Regionalliga West/Südwest from 1996 to 1998 the club came twelfth in its first season there but finished last the year after, ending the Germania's spell in the third division. Back in the Oberliga Germania came ninth in 1999 but was relegated in 2000 after a sixteenth place. It remained in the Verbandsliga until 2003 when it dropped back to the Landesliga for a season.

The club dropped out of the Verbandsliga again in 2006, playing in the Landesliga for two seasons. From 2008 to 2011 it returned to the Verbandsliga but was relegated once more and now plays in the Landesliga.

Honours
The club's honours:
 Oberliga Nordrhein
 Champions: 1996
 Verbandsliga Mittelrhein
 Champions: 1993
 Runners-up: 2005, 2009
 Landesliga Mittelrhein 2
 Champions: 2004, 2008
 Runners-up: 1992

Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.

Key

References

External links
  Official team site
  Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables

Category:Football clubs in Germany
Category:Football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Category:Association football clubs established in 1910
Category:1910 establishments in Germany


The Heart of a Coward

The Heart of a Coward is a 1926 silent adventure film directed by Duke Worne and starring Billy Sullivan.

Cast
Billy Sullivan
Charlotte Stevens
Edith Yorke
Jack Richardson
Myles McCarthy
Betty Baker

Preservation status
The film and its trailer survive in the Library of Congress collection.

References

External links

Category:1926 films
Category:American silent feature films
Category:American films
Category:Films directed by Duke Worne
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:Rayart Pictures films
Category:American adventure films
Category:1920s adventure films


Ballymaguigan GAC

Saint Trea's Ballymaguigan GFC () is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Ballymaguigan, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It plays in Derry league and championships. It currently caters for both Gaelic football and Ladies' Gaelic football.

The club was founded in 1944 and has won the Derry Senior Football Championship once. Ballymaguigan fields Gaelic football teams at U-8, U-10, U-12, U-14, U-16, Minor, Reserve and Senior levels. Teams up to U-12 level compete in South Derry league and championships and U-14 level teams and upwards compete in All-Derry competitions.

History
Gaelic games had been organised on the western shores of Lough Neagh for over 50 years before St Trea's GFC was formed. Before 1944 one team (Newbridge GAC) catered for the Ballymaguigan and Newbridge areas. Both areas are part of Ardtrea North parish. The American Army built Toome airfield during World War II. This effectively split the parish in two, making it very difficult for the Ballymaguigan-based players to travel to the pitch.

Paddy Bateson suggested a ball be bought so the Ballymaguigan players could train among themselves. Soon friendlies were arranged against established clubs. The first of these was against Castledawson. The first home fixture was against Greenlough. St Trea's GFC was soon formed on 23 April 1944. The name was in honour of Saint Trea who has many traditional associations with the area. The first chairman was John McCartney, with Paddy Bateson as vice-chairman.

Ballymaguigan is a very small rural community, consisting approximately of  in area. Establishing a Gaelic Football Club in such a small area was quite an achievement.

In 1950 the club built a small meeting hall. The erection of "the hut" was never seen as anything other than a temporary measure and plans proceeded for more permanent premises. In December 1954 Miss Susan Hinfey's farm came on the market and the club committee decided to purchase. Billy McKee was delegated to do the bidding. The farm of approximately eight acres was acquired for £1,230. The task of converting this property into a playing area began immediately. Apart from hiring a bulldozer to level the ground, this work was carried out completely by voluntary labour.

The all-enclosed pitch, considered to be one of the best in the county, was officially opened in 1957 by the then GAA President Séamus McFerran. Thus St Trea's were back playing on the grounds where the club had its beginnings in 1944.

In 1967 steel was purchased for building a hall and during the July holidays the foundations were laid. The hall was completed, again by voluntary labour, in 1969 and hall was officially opened at a variety concert, by GAA past President Alf Murray.

Three playing members of St Trea's, John Bateson (aged 19), James Sheridan (20) and Martin Lee (18), all members of the South Derry Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) died when the bomb they were carrying exploded prematurely in Magherafelt on 18 December 1971. The trophy for the Derry Intermediate Football Championship is named after the three.

Well known players
Eamonn Coleman - former Derry manager and footballer.
Gary Coleman – All Star winning Derry footballer. Son of Eamonn Coleman.
Jim McKeever – 1958 Footballer of the Year.
Paddy Crozier – former Derry manager.

Honours

Senior
Derry Senior Football Championship: 1
1962
Derry Senior Football League: 1
1962
South Derry Senior Football Championship: 1
1957
South Derry Senior Football League: 1
1949
Derry Intermediate Football Championship: 5
1971, 1993, 2001, 2003, 2009
Derry Intermediate Football League: 3
1993, 1998, 2006
Derry Junior Football Championship: 2
1951, 1970
Derry Junior Football League: 1
1951
South Derry Junior Football Championship: 2
1969, 1970
Seán Larkin Cup: 2
1958, 1959
Graham Cup: 2
1970, 1971
McGlinchey Cup: 1
2011

Reserves
Derry Intermediate Reserve Football Championship: 2
2003, 2004

Minor
Tommy O'Neill Cup: 2
1997, 2003
South Derry Minor 'B' Football Championship: 2
1997, 2003
South Derry Minor 'B' Football League: 2
1997, 2003

Under-16
 Derry Under-16 11 a Side Shield
 2008
South Derry Under-16 'C' Football League: 1
1998

Under-14
 South Derry Under-14 'B' Football Championship: 1
 1999
 South Derry Under-14 'B' Football League: 1
 1999
 Derry Under-14 'C' Football League: 1
 2009

Ladies' football
 Senior Ladies Derry Intermediate League: 1
 2006
Under-16 Ladies 'B' Championship 1
Under-16 Ladies ‘A’ Championship 5
Under-16 Ladies League 5
 2004
Under-14 Ladies Féile na nÓg
 2004 2013 2014 2015 2016
 Under-14 South Derry League: 5
 2003
Under-14 Derry Championship: 5
 2003
Under-13 'B' Derry Championship: 1
 2011

Note: The above lists may be incomplete. Please add any other honours you know of.

See also
Derry Senior Football Championship
List of Gaelic games clubs in Derry

References

External links
St. Trea's GFC website

Category:Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in County Londonderry
Category:Gaelic football clubs in County Londonderry


Félicien Singbo

Félicien Houenou Singbo (born October 25, 1980) is a Beninese footballer who plays for the Benin national football team. In 2003, he received a French passport.

Career
Singbo played for Rouen and Louhans-Cuiseaux in France, Airdrie United in Scotland, Vllaznia in Albania, PAS Giannina, Olympiakos Volos and Pierikos in Greece, AE Paphos and Ayia Napa in Cyprus.

Lokomotiv Plovdiv signed Singbo to an 18-month-long deal on 13 February 2009. He was given the number 30 shirt. He made his competitive debut for Loko on 6 March 2009 against OFC Sliven 2000, in round of 16 of the Bulgarian top division.

Singbo signed with Missile Football Club of Gabon for two years on 25 October 2013.

International career
Singbo was part of the Beninese 2004 African Nations Cup team, who finished bottom of their group in the first round of competition, thus failing to secure qualification for the quarter-finals. He was also part of the Benin squad for the 2010 African Nations Cup that did not advance past the group stage.

External links

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:Airdrieonians F.C. players
Category:Beninese footballers
Category:Beninese expatriate footballers
Category:Benin international footballers
Category:2004 African Cup of Nations players
Category:2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
Category:Ayia Napa FC players
Category:AEP Paphos FC players
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Category:Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Category:PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Category:Expatriate footballers in Greece
Category:PAS Giannina F.C. players
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Cameroon
Category:Expatriate footballers in Cameroon
Category:Olympiacos Volou 1937 F.C. players
Category:Pierikos F.C. players
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Category:Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in France
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Category:Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria
Category:KF Vllaznia Shkodër players
Category:Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Albania
Category:Expatriate footballers in Albania
Category:Scottish Football League players
Category:First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Category:Cypriot First Division players
Category:Cypriot Second Division players
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Kadji Sports Academy players
Category:French expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Category:People from Abomey


Mean high water springs

Mean high water springs (MHWS) is the highest level that spring tides reach on the average over a period of time (often 19 years). The height of mean high water springs is the average throughout the year (when the average maximum declination of the moon is 23.5°) of two successive high waters during those periods of 24 hours when the range of the tide is at its greatest.

This level is generally close to being the "high water mark" where debris accumulates on the shore annually.

References

External links
Definitions of various tide related terms on the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory site.

Category:Oceanography


Can U Dig It?

"Can U Dig It?" is a popular single by British band Pop Will Eat Itself, released in 1989 from the band's second album This Is the Day...This Is the Hour...This Is This! and it peaked at #38 in the UK Charts.

The lyrics include a litany of references to movies, comics, music, and television. The sample in which a male voice is heard yelling "Can you dig it?" several times and the female voice at the beginning of the track saying "Let's get down to it, boppers..." were taken from the cult classic 1979 U.S. action film The Warriors.

Music video
An accompanying music video was made for the single. It features Clint Mansell and Graham Crabb singing the song against various changing backgrounds (many of which reference the song lyrics,) while in other parts the rest of the band members perform the song with stacks of TVs behind them.

Track listing
All songs written by Pop Will Eat Itself

12"

7"

CD

Charts

Personnel
Clint Mansell - Vocals
Graham Crabb - Vocals
Adam Mole - Guitar
Richard March - Guitar
"The Buzzard" - Wild Guitar

References

External links

  (official PopWillEatItselfVEVO channel)

Category:1989 singles
Category:List songs
Category:1989 songs
Category:RCA Records singles
Category:Pop Will Eat Itself songs
Category:Songs written by Clint Mansell
Category:Song recordings produced by Flood (producer)


Peltis

Peltis is a genus of beetles found in North America and Europe, and the sole member of the family Peltidae, formerly included in the Trogossitidae. Members of this genus are dark, averaging from brown, to dark brown, to black. They are small, wide, and flat-bodied with wide, ridged elytra.

Other taxonomies include >60 spp. in 26 genera of 6 tribes worldwide in the subfamily Peltinae.

References

Category:Cleroidea genera


Shobdo Jobdo

Shobdo Jobdo is a Bengali web series streaming on Bengali OTT platform hoichoi from 21 February 2020. Directed by Saurav Chakraborty who previously directed two series for hoichoi, Dhanbad Blues and Cartoon. The series is going to be a thriller story. Featuring Rajat Kapoor who is going to make his debut in Bengali web series through Shobdo Jobdo. The series also starring Payel Sarkar, Subrat Dutta & Mumtaz Sorcar.

As the teaser suggests the series is going to be a thriller one. There are no dialogues in the teaser but the eerie music in the background is a gripping factor.

Cast
Rajat Kapoor
Payel Sarkar
Mumtaz Sorcar
Subrat Dutta

Episodes

Season 1 (2020)
On 21st February 2020 the season 1 of the series released with seven episodes.

Episodes

Release & Marketing
On 26th Jan hoichoi released the teaser of Shobdo Jobdo and creates the storm immediately. hoichoi released the series on 21 February 2020.

References

External links

Category:Bengali-language web series


Michael Scriven

Michael John Scriven (; born 1928) is a British-born Australian polymath and academic philosopher, best known for his contributions to the theory and practice of evaluation.

Biography
Scriven was born in the UK and grew up in Melbourne, Australia. He holds BSc (1948) and MS (1950) degrees in mathematics from the University of Melbourne, where he was in residence at Trinity College from 1946, winning an entrance scholarship. He then completed a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Oxford (1956).

Scriven is a past president of the American Educational Research Association and the American Evaluation Association.  He is also an editor and co-founder of the Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation. He is currently a distinguished professor at Claremont Graduate University in California.

He has spent most of his career in the United States. He became a full Professor at the age of 32. His major appointments were:
Swarthmore College (Assistant Professor, 1956–60)
Indiana University (Professor of Philosophy, 1960-1966)
University of California, Berkeley (Professor of Philosophy and later of Education 1966–78)
University of San Francisco (Professor, 1978–82)
University of Western Australia (Professor of Education 1982–89)
Pacific Graduate School of Psychology (1989-1992)
Western Michigan University (1994-5, 2004–07)
Claremont Graduate University (1997–2002 and 2007-)
University of Auckland (Professor of Evaluation 2003-4)

Scholarly contributions
Scriven has made significant contributions in the fields of philosophy, psychology, critical thinking, mathematics, and, most notably, evaluation theory and the establishment of evaluation as a transdiscipline. Scriven's work in education has influenced the work of many scholars, including that of Robert E. Stake, Ernest R. House, and Gene V Glass.

He has produced over 400 scholarly publications and has served on the editorial review boards of 42 journals.

Awards
Scriven has been awarded numerous awards, including:
 Lazarfeld Prize, awarded by the American Evaluation Association for outstanding research contributions to the field of evaluation (1986)
 Donald Campbell Award of the Policy Studies Association (citation reads "...as an outstanding methodological innovator in public policy studies") (1996)
 Wilbert J. McKeachie award for lifetime contribution to the study of faculty evaluation and development, awarded by the Special Interest Group on Faculty Evaluation and Development of the American Educational Research Association (1996+)
 Honorary Fellow of the American Education Research Association (AERA) for lifetime contributions to education research (1996+)
 Jason Millman award for lifetime contribution to evaluation, awarded by CREATE (Coalition for Research and Evaluation on Teacher Education) (1996+)
 Robert Ingle award for outstanding service to the American Evaluation Association (1996+)
 Award for Lifetime Contribution to the Teaching of Philosophy, American Association of Teachers of Philosophy, Toledo, Ohio (2004)
Member, Academy of Social Sciences in Australia
 Honorary Member, Phi Beta Kappa, Theta chapter of Michigan (2006)
 D.Ed. (Honoris causa) University of Melbourne (2013)
 Festschrift volume: S. Donaldson (Ed.) (2013) The future of evaluation in society: A tribute to Michael Scriven. Information Age Publishing.

Listings
 Who's Who in America
 Who's Who in Australia
 American Men of Education
 International Scholars Directory, The Writers Directory
 Directory of American Scholars
 Dictionary of International Biography

Major publications
Moncrieff, W. & Scriven, M. (1956). The gas turbine in automobile design. Minnesota. Privately published.
Feigl, H., & Scriven, M. (eds.) (1956). The foundations of science and the concepts of psychology and psychoanalysis. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 1. University of Minnesota.
Feigl, H., Maxwell, G., & Scriven, M. (eds.) (1958). Concepts, theories, and the mind-body problem. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 2. University of Minnesota.
Feigl, H., Maxwell, G., & Scriven, M. (eds.) (1962). Scientific explanation, space, and time. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 3. University of Minnesota.
Scriven, M. (1964). Computers and comprehension. RAND monograph.
Scriven, M. (1965). Applied logic: An introduction to scientific method. Behavioral Research Laboratories.
Scriven, M. (1966, reprinted). Primary philosophy. McGraw-Hill.
Moore, W., & Scriven, M. (eds.) (1966). Collected papers of Eugene R. Wigner. Indiana University.
Scriven, M. (ed.) (1966). Morality. Social Science Education Consortium.
 Tyler, R. W., Gagne, R. M., & Scriven, M. (Eds.). 1967. Perspectives of Curriculum Evaluation. American Educational Research Association Monograph Series on Curriculum Evaluation, Vol. 1. Rand McNally.
Scriven, M. (1970). Philosophy of science. NETCHE.
Scriven, M. (1974). Evaluation: A study guide for educational administrators. Nova University.
Scriven, M. (1976). Reasoning. McGraw-Hill.
Scriven, M. & Roth, J. (1977, reprinted).Evaluation thesaurus. EdgePress and Sage.
Davis, B., Thomas, S. & Scriven, M. (1981). The evaluation of composition instruction. EdgePress (for the Carnegie Corporation).
Scriven, M. (1981). The logic of evaluation. EdgePress.
Manus, S. & Scriven, M. (1982). How to buy a word processor: Electronic typewriters, personal computers, and dedicated systems. Alfred Publishing Company.
Scriven, M. (1987). Word magic: Evaluating and selecting word processing. Wadsworth and van Nostrand.
Scriven, M. (1987). Theory and practice of evaluation. EdgePress.
McConney, A., Scriven, M., Stronge, J., Stufflebeam, D., & Webster, W. (1995). Toward a unified model: The foundations of educational personnel evaluation. Center for Research on Educational Accountability and Teacher Evaluation.
Madaus, G., Scriven,M., & Stufflebeam, D. (Eds.). (1983).Evaluation Models.Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing.
Scriven, M. (1991). Evaluation Thesaurus. Sage.
Scriven, M. (1993). Hard won lessons in program evaluation. Jossey-Bass.
Fisher, A. & Scriven, M. (1997). Critical thinking: Its definition and assessment. UK: Centre for Research in Critical Thinking, and EdgePress.
Donaldson, S.I. & Scriven, M. (Eds.). (2003). Evaluating social programs and problems: Visions for the new millennium. Erlbaum.
Coryn C.L.S. and M. Scriven (eds.) (2008). Reforming the Evaluation of Research: New Directions for Evaluation, Number 118. Jossey-Bass.

Scriven number
In 2012, an article published in the Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation posed the necessity of a Scriven number. Similar to an Erdős number, a Scriven number describes a person’s degree of separation from Dr. Scriven through published collaborations directly with him or with others who have collaborated with him. Michael Scriven holds the unique Scriven number of 0 while any persons publishing directly with him hold a Scriven number of 1. In addition, those who have published with those individuals who have directly published with Dr. Scriven hold a Scriven number of 2. This algorithmic format continues indefinitely. For those published with multiple papers with paths to Dr. Scriven, the shortest path will serve as the Scriven number. This type of number is hypothesized to help centralize the field of evaluation.

Notes

External links
 Michael Scriven's home page
 . Hosts several videos and lectures, as well as dozens of papers.

Category:1928 births
Category:Living people
Category:People educated at Trinity College (University of Melbourne)
Category:University of Melbourne alumni
Category:American academics
Category:Philosophers of science
Category:Educational psychologists


Garma Electric

Garma Electric is a Persian E.P.C company. The main field of Garma Electric work is design, construction and procurement of agricultural machinery and food industries.the company is located in Amol, Iran.

Founding
The company was founded on 25 November 2003 and opened with five employees. Garma Electric starts producing with Feed and Turn Dryers.

Fields of Activity
Pellet Mill machines
Feed Production Lines
Poultry equipment
Agricultural Machinery
Food industries, Driers
Hammer Mills
Heater
Cooler
Ventilation Fan
Fish Powder Production Lines

References

Category:Engineering companies of Iran


North Tamborine, Queensland

North Tamborine is a neighbourhood of Tamborine Mountain in South East Queensland, Australia. It is located 40 km from the Gold Coast.

History
Many early settlers grew maize and grazed dairy cattle. The first guesthouse on the mountain was open in 1889.

A tourist road to the mountain was completed in 1924. The road brought visitors to the area and the North Tamborine village became the centre for social and business activities. North Tamborine Post Office opened by 1922.

A section of Tamborine National Park  known as The Knoll protects forests found in the north of the suburb.

Formerly a suburb in its own right, in 1997, North Tamborine was merged with other former suburbs Eagle Heights and Mount Tamborine to create the larger locality of Tamborine Mountain.

Heritage listings
North Tamborine has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Geissmann Drive: Tamborine Mountain Road

See also

 Tamborine National Park

References

Category:Towns in Queensland
Category:Tamborine Mountain
Category:Scenic Rim Region
Category:North Tamborine, Queensland

External links


Pui Tak Center

The Pui Tak Center (), formerly known as the On Leong Merchants Association Building, is a building located in Chicago's Chinatown. Designed by architects Christian S. Michaelsen and Sigurd A. Rognstad, the building was built for the On Leong Merchants Association and opened in 1928. The Association used it as an immigrant assistance center, and the building was informally referred to as Chinatown's "city hall". In 1988, the FBI and Chicago Police raided the building as part of a racketeering investigation. The US federal government seized the building that same year.

The building was purchased by the Chinese Christian Union Church (CCUC) for $1.4 million and renamed the Pui Tak Center in 1993. That same year, the On Leong Merchants Association Building was designated a Chicago landmark by the Commission on Chicago Landmarks. The CCUC spent $1 million raised from community donations to renovate and update the building's neglected interior. The newly named Pai Tak Center now hosts various religious, community, and educational programs, such as English-as-a-Second-Language courses (ESL).

In 2007, the Pui Tak Center won a $100,000 grant from the Partners in Preservation, a program sponsored by American Express and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. In preparation for the restoration work, the structural and architectural engineering firm Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates completed an evaluation of the building's eastern and southern facades, focusing on its terra cotta portions. Restoration work began in spring 2009 and is scheduled for completion in early 2010. Fully restoring the building's exterior terra cotta pieces and clay roof tiles is the first step in a long-range $2 million repair plan.

History

In 1912, Chinese businesses began relocating from the Loop to Chicago's South Side. Starting this trend, the On Leong Chinese Merchants Association appealed to deed-holder and former Illinois State's Attorney Jacob J. Kern to hire architect H. J. Swanson to design a building large enough to house 15 stores, 30 apartments and office space on the 200 block of West 22nd Street (now Cermak Road). Built in 1912 for $200,000, the building's design was typical of the period; however, it featured white tile trim adorned with Chinese dragons and a third floor balcony. The Association relocated to the building's third floor by 1914.

In the 1920s, Chinese community leaders secured approximately 50 ten-year leases on properties in the newly developing Chinatown. Jim Moy, director of the Association, then decided that a Chinese-style building should be constructed as a strong visual announcement of the Chinese community's new presence in the area. With no Chinese-born architects in Chicago at the time, Chicago-born Norse architects Christian S. Michaelsen and Sigurd A. Rognstad were asked to design the On Leong Merchants Association Building in the spring of 1926. Moy decided to employ the pair again after Michaelsen and Rognstad's firm built Moy's Peacock Inn in Uptown in 1920.

After studying texts on Chinese architecture, Michaelsen and Rognstad's final design was an example of Orientalism, a Western architect's interpretation of Chinese architectural forms. A good substitute for the liu li glazed ceramic found in traditional Chinese architecture, Rognstad designed exterior Teco sculptural accents, a type of terra cotta produced by Crystal Lake, Illinois's American Terra Cotta Company. When the building plans were announced in the Chicago Tribune on July 4, 1926, the building was called, "One of the most expensive and elaborate buildings ever erected in America by the Chinese". Construction began in 1926 and was completed a year later for the cost of $1 million.

When the building opened in 1928, the On Leong Merchants Association used it as an immigrant assistance center that housed various meeting halls, a school, a shrine, and the Association's offices. It was often informally referred to as Chinatown's "city hall". In 1941, the On Leong Association offered Reverend John T.S. Mao space in the building to open St. Therese Chinese Catholic School, a Catholic grade school. By the 1950s, the school had become overcrowded, but it remained in the building until construction of a new, devoted school building was completed in 1961.

Seizure and sale

In the mid-1960s, prosecutors began claiming the building was a national headquarters for a multimillion-dollar racketeering operation. On April 20, 1988, the FBI and Chicago police Internal Affairs Division investigators raided the On Leong Merchants Association Building, confiscated gambling paraphernalia from a casino hidden on the building's second floor and seized $350,000 from a vault. Assistant U.S. Attorney John J. Scully asserted that the Association had collected $6 million in illegal gambling profits between 1966 and 1988. The building was seized by the US federal government two months later under federal racketeering statutes. Other than several first-floor shops, the building sat empty for almost five years. Rooms on the upper floors fell into disrepair, with paint peeling and faded ornamentation in pieces on the floor.

After a unanimous voice vote by a City Council committee, the Commission on Chicago Landmarks designated the On Leong Merchants Association Building as a Chicago Landmark on December 1, 1993, the only such landmark in Chinatown. It has been described as Chicago’s "most significant symbol of the cultural heritage of the Chinese". That same year, the Chinese Christian Union Church (CCUC) bought the building from the government for $1.4 million. The CCUC now uses the newly named Pui Tak Center to host religious, community, and educational programs such as family literacy classes, music programs, computer courses, and youth activities, with English-as-a-Second-Language courses (ESL) being the Center's largest program. Recent Chinese immigrants can also visit the Center for assistance with everyday needs. Serving approximately 2,500 new immigrants annually, the Center's annual $1.5 million operating budget is partially funded by state and local government grants and private donations.

Renovation and restoration

After purchasing the building in 1993, the Chinese Christian Union Church spent $1 million raised from community donations to make extensive alterations to the building's interior, which suffered from peeling paint, falling plaster, and poor lighting. The On Leong Merchants Association's former vault was converted into a closet, and the building's heating and water systems underwent major renovations and replacement. Renovations were completed in 1995, and the CCUC opened the building in November.

In November 2007, the Pui Tak Center won a $100,000 grant from the Partners in Preservation, a program sponsored by American Express and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Spreading the word via e-mail, Facebook, and church sermons, the building led the five-week-long online contest from the start and ultimately received 14% of the vote. It received more votes than any of the other 24 historic Chicago sites participating in the contest, including the Robie House, the Chicago Cultural Center, and Unity Temple.

In preparation for the restoration work, the structural and architectural engineering firm Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates completed an evaluation of the building's eastern and southern facades, focusing on its terra cotta portions. By using ultrasonic testing, engineers were able to evaluate the state of the terra cotta without further damaging the pieces. Severely cracked or damaged pieces were partially removed and a report was written from these findings. This report provided recommendations for the masonry facade and terra cotta repair work. Restoration work began in spring 2009 and is scheduled for completion in early 2010. All of the damaged terra cotta elements have been replaced on the south tower and parapet, and scaffolding has been erected on building's eastern facade in preparation for further restoration work. Fully restoring the building's exterior terra cotta pieces and clay roof tiles is the first step in a long-range $2 million repair plan.

Notes

References

External links

Pui Tak Center Official Website

Category:Buildings and structures in Chicago
Category:Landmarks in Chicago
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1927
Category:1927 establishments in Illinois


Onelli

Onelli is a frazione of the comune of Cascia in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 953 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 51 inhabitants.

References

Category:Frazioni of the Province of Perugia


Fethia Mzali

Fethia Mokhtar Mzali ()   (6 April 1927 – 12 February 2018) was a Tunisian teacher and politician who became one of the country's first two female ministers in 1983. Her husband, Mohammed Mzali served as the country's Prime Minister from 1980 to 1986.

Early life and education
Fethia Mokhtar was born on 6 April 1927 in Tunis. She attended primary school at a Muslim girls' school and then the Bardo girls school. Her secondary schooling was interrupted by World War II, but completed in 1942 at Armand Fallières High School in Nérac in 1947. She obtained a degree in philosophy from the Sorbonne in Paris in 1952.

Career
Mzali was a teacher and then headmistress at the Teacher's College in Tunis. She was a member Destour and participated in the demonstrations from 1950–1955 that led to independence.

In 1956, after Tunisian independence, Mzali was one of the founders of the National Union of Women of Tunisia. In 1974, she was appointed president of the organisation, a post she held until 1986. However, her appointment under President Habib Bourguiba has been criticised for contributing to the women's movement in Tunisia languishing under his influence.

In 1957, Mzali was elected as a municipal councillor for the city of Tunis, serving a three-year term. She was first woman in Tunisia to give a speech about birth control in 1959. She joined the Central Committee of the Socialist Destourian Party in 1974 and was appointed a member of its governing body in 1979. She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as the deputy for the regions of Kairouan, Tunis and Bizerte in 1974 and 1981. She was elected Vice-President of the National Assembly each year from 1980 to 1984.

On 1 November 1983, Mzali was appointed as Minister for Family and Women in the government of her husband Prime Minister Mohammed Mzali. Souad Yaacoubi was appointed Minister of Public Health at the same time, making the two women the first to serve in the country's cabinet. Mzali was dismissed from her position in June 1986 after her husband's dismissal from the ruling party's administration. They fled the country for France, and in April 1987 Mohammed Mzali was convicted in absentia of abuse of social property and unlawful enrichment. The conviction was annulled in 2002, allowing their return to Tunisia.

Awards and honours
In 1978, Mzali accepted the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights on behalf of the National Union of Tunisian Women. She also received decorations from the governments of France, Finland and Senegal.

Personal life
Mzali met Mohammed Mzali while studying in Paris and they were married in 1950. They had six children. Mzali died on 12 February 2018 at the age of 90.

References

Category:1927 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:20th-century women politicians
Category:Government ministers of Tunisia
Category:Socialist Destourian Party politicians
Category:Women government ministers of Tunisia


Krępa Kościelna

Krępa Kościelna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipsko, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Lipsko and  south of Warsaw.

References

Category:Villages in Lipsko County


Diamond chair

The Diamond Chair is a chair designed by Harry Bertoia in 1952.

Diamond chair is made with welded steel with rods in polished or satin chrome, or bonded rilsan, a very durable adhesive-fused nylon-dipped finish. Scratch, chip, and chemical resistant. All wire seating includes glides. Cushions are secured to chair with lock-snaps. Full covers are stretched over the wire seat basket and attach to seat basket with hooks.

Bertoia said about the chairs: "They are mainly made of air, like sculpture. Space passes right through them."

Bibliography

Category:Chairs
Category:Individual models of furniture


Balkanstroy

Balkanstroy is one of the major construction companies in Bulgaria. It is owned by Nikolay Kaloyanov, Kostadin Kaloyanov, and Yordan Kanazirev. They work on projects in that country and abroad, and have received awards.

The company is the major investor and executor of the "Pirin Golf & Country Club” project, the first vacation golf complex in Bulgaria, which began construction in 2007. The total area of the complex is 1400 decares in the Razlog Valley at the foot of the Pirin Mountains, just three km from the ski resort of Bansko. The company will invest a total of $90 million and employ 540 people in the region during the construction phase.; they also built the Lighthouse Gold Resort in Balchik

Balkanstroy was the construction contractor for projects in Sofia such as the Sky City Mall, the Sky Way 4-star hotel and highway projects.

References

External links
 Official website

Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of Bulgaria
Category:Companies established in 1994
Category:Bulgarian brands


Centre for Journalism (University of Southern Denmark)

The Centre for Journalism (University of Southern Denmark) is a centre within the Department of Political Science and Public Management at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southern Denmark in Denmark. The Centre is located in Odense and offers research and education in journalism. Currently the Centre has approx. 310 students enrolled in the BA programme and approx. 200 in the MA programmes (status: 2010). Its journalism BA programme is one of the most popular BA programmes offered at the University of Southern Denmark.

Around 35 researchers and lecturers work at the centre. In terms of scientific publications it is the most productive journalism research department in Denmark (status: 2005). The head of centre and studies is professor Peter Bro.

The University of Southern Denmark established its journalism study programme in 1998, as did Roskilde University, following the political decision to break the monopoly of the Danish School of Journalism on journalism education in Denmark. The purpose was to increase the diversity of journalism teaching and research. Since its establishment, the Centre for Journalism has launched several innovative features including a journalist-in-residence fellowship and the introduction of a journalist’s oath similar to the Hippocratic oath.

The Centre offers study programmes at the undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate.

The Centre's highest authority is a board chaired by Per Westergård, editor-in-chief at the daily newspaper Fyens Stiftstidende.

The Centre for Journalism publishes, in collaboration with the Danish School of Journalism and Journalism at Roskilde University, the scientific journal Journalistica. It is a Danish peer-reviewed journal focusing on journalism research.

Students at the Centre for Journalism publish the newspaper Lixen.

References

External links
Center for Journalistik
Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark

Category:Journalism schools in Europe
Category:Danish journalism organizations


Make Love to Me (1954 song)

"Make Love to Me" is the title of a 1954 popular song with words and music written by a larger team than normally is known to collaborate on a song: Bill Norvas, Alan Copeland, and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, comprising Leon Rappolo, Paul Mares, Ben Pollack, George Brunies, Mel Stitzel, and Walter Melrose. The melody was derived from a 1923 song, "Tin Roof Blues", composed by the New Orleans Rhythm Kings.

Vintage recordings
The best-known version of the song was recorded by Jo Stafford on December 8, 1953 (released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40143, with the flip side "Adi-Adios Amigo",) and in 1954 the #1 position on the Billboard chart went back and forth between this record and Doris Day's "Secret Love" (See 1954 in music#US No. 1 hit singles). On Cash Box magazine's charts, however, the song only reached #2. The same year, the song was covered in the United Kingdom by Alma Cogan and Billie Anthony.

The recording by Alma Cogan with Ken Mackintosh and his orchestra was recorded in London on February 16, 1954. It was released in 1954 by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog numbers B 10677 and 7M 196. The flip side was "Said the Little Moment".

Other covers were recorded by:
The Commanders (recorded February 2, 1954, released by Decca Records as catalog number 29048, with the flip side "Kentucky Boogie"
 the Tommy Dorsey orchestra (with Jimmy Dorsey and vocal by Gordon Polk) (recorded January 1954, released by Bell Records as catalog number 1029, flip side "My Friend the Ghost")

Peter Spar put Danish lyrics to the song under the title "Vær sød mod mig". Recorded in Copenhagen in 1954 by Raquel Rastenni (acc. Harry Felbert's sextet, Cond.: Harry Felbert) the track - arranged by Erik Kaare - was released on His Master's Voice X 8208.

Remakes
The Kalin Twins recorded "Make Love to Me" on June 24, 1960: this version would remain un-issued as 45rpm or LP by Decca Records until 1992, released by Bear Family Records in CD format under album When - The Kalin Twins as catalog number BCD 15597.

"Make Love to Me" would become an R&B chart hit via a duet remake by Johnny Thunder and Ruby Winters recorded in Nashville early in 1967. Before Diamond Records president Phil Kahl left New York City with the intent of producing distinct Nashville sessions for Thunder and Winters, Diamond Records co-president Joe Kolsky had suggested that Kahl record Winters and Thunder as a duo, Kolsky having noted the recent chart success of the Peaches and Herb remake of the traditional pop standard "Let's Fall in Love" and also the current Marvin Gaye/Kim Weston hit duet "It Takes Two". Kahl resultantly co-produced - with Buddy Killen - Winters and Thunder's duet recordings of "Make Love to Me" and also another 1950s pop hit  "Teach Me Tonight": opted for as A-side, "Make Love to Me" reached #13 R&B in April 1967 also registering on the Billboard Hot 100 at #96.

The song was also included on Anne Murray's tribute-to-the-fifties album, Croonin', where it was released as the first single, becoming a top 10 hit on both pop and country charts in Canada.

"Make Love to Me" has also been recorded by Louis Prima and Keely Smith (album Louis and Keely!/ 1959), Kitty Kallen (1960), Ann-Margret (album The Vivacious One/ 1962), Chubby Checker and Dee Dee Sharp (album Down To Earth/ 1962), and Molly Bee (album Good Golly Ms Molly/ 1975).

Chart performance/ Anne Murray

References

Category:1953 songs
Category:Anne Murray songs
Category:Jo Stafford songs
Category:Song recordings produced by Buddy Killen


1683 in Ireland

Events from the year 1683 in Ireland.

Events
February 19 – the Evans Baronetcy, of Kilcreene in the County of Kilkenny, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland in favour of William Evans.
June 23 – the Caldwell Baronetcy of Wellsborough in County Fermanagh, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland in favour of James Caldwell, High Sheriff of County Fermanagh.
October 15 – first meeting of the Dublin Philosophical Society, established by William Molyneux.
December 14 – Dominic Maguire, O.P., is elected as Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.
The titles of Viscount Mountjoy and Baron Stewart of Ramelton in the Peerage of Ireland are conferred upon Sir William Stewart, 3rd Baronet, of Ramelton.

Births

October 25 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1757)
Daniel Falkiner, politician (d. 1759)
Thomas Fortescue, politician (d. 1769)
Michael Ward, politician (d. 1759)

Deaths
February 3 – Randal MacDonnell, 1st Marquess of Antrim, Roman Catholic landowner in Ireland and Scotland and political intriguer (b. 1609)
November 28 – Valentine Greatrakes, faith healer (b. 1628)
December 11 – George Lane, 1st Viscount Lanesborough, politician (b. c.1620)
Charles Kirkhoven, 1st Earl of Bellomont, Dutch-born peer (b. 1643)

References

Category:1680s in Ireland
Ireland
Category:Years of the 17th century in Ireland


APOX

APOX is a real-time strategy game developed and published by Indian studio BlueGiant Interactive for Microsoft Windows, released through Steam on January 20, 2011, takes place in a near-future, post-apocalyptic, Mad Max-esque setting.

Gameplay

APOX includes features inherent in most RTS games including base-building, control points, and resource management. It is distinctive, however, in having units that can assume the prone position, crouch, and loot corpses like an FPS game.

Players can, according to Steam, create their own unit designs by having units switch weapons between each other and by having them occupy vehicles.

The game has 100 maps with up to 32 AI or players online and can play either co-op or PVP. There are eight single player missions that are to be played as a tutorial for the game.

Reception
The game received generally unfavorable reviews and has a Metacritic score of 48/100 based on six reviews. IGN gave the game a 4.5/10, citing poor graphics, repetitive gameplay, and clunky presentation.

References

External links
 http://www.apoxgame.com/
 http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/apox
 http://www.bluegiantinteractive.com/

Category:Post-apocalyptic video games
Category:Real-time strategy video games
Category:Video games developed in India
Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games
Category:2011 video games
Category:Windows games
Category:Windows-only games


Mircea Gesticone

Mircea Gesticone (May 3, 1902 – August 5, 1961) was a Romanian novelist and poet.

Born in Bucharest, he was the fifth child of Filip Gesticone and his wife Zamfira (née Ursachi). His father, a lawyer, came from a family of Ploiești merchants. His mother was descended from a family of small-scale leaseholders from Botoșani and was friends with Sofia Nădejde. Gesticone's education took place in his native city: Dinicu Golescu elementary school, the lower form of Mihai Viteazul High School, the upper form of Gheorghe Lazăr High School. At seventeen, he was admitted to the Bucharest Conservatory as a fourth-year student, but abandoned the study of music. He attended the law faculty of the University of Bucharest from 1922 to 1926, meanwhile taking courses at the Italian Institute of Culture. From 1923 to 1954, he was a clerk at Banca Românească. His first published poem, "Apotheose", appeared in La Roumanie nouvelle magazine in 1929. His first novel, Războiul micului Tristan, came out in 1937, and he was awarded the Romanian Writers' Society prize the same year. After his wife died in a tramway accident in 1948, he lived a withdrawn existence and abandoned writing.

Notes

Category:1902 births
Category:1961 deaths
Category:People from Bucharest
Category:University of Bucharest alumni
Category:20th-century Romanian novelists
Category:20th-century Romanian poets
Category:Romanian male novelists
Category:Romanian male poets


Cuilapan de Guerrero

Cuilapan de Guerrero is a town and municipality located in the central valley region of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. It is  to the south of the capital city of Oaxaca on the road leading to Villa de Zaachila, and is in the Centro District in the Valles Centrales region.

Cuilapan, originally called Sahayuca, has been a permanent settlement since at least 500 BCE. It developed into a city state but was absorbed by Monte Alban until between 600 and 900 CE. After this, Cuilapan returned to being an independent city-state, equal to a number of other important city states in the area. After the Spanish conquest, Cuilapan had a population of over 40,000 people with formidable social, economic and cultural institutions. For this reason, a major monastery dedicated to James the apostle was established there in the 1550s in order to evangelize the Mixtec and Zapotec populations. However, the area underwent decline of its native population in the 16th and early 17th century and the extravagant monastery complex would later deteriorate in the 19th century. Today, the town is a quiet place with a fraction of its former population and prestige. The ruins of the monastery complex remain mostly as a national monument administered by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

History
The Cuilapan area has been settled by humans since 1500 BCE with a sedentary village established by 500 BCE. These sedentary peoples developed activities such as weaving, pottery and stonemasonry, with permanent houses, ceremonial structures and tombs. The society here grew and stratified over time and eventually a simple writing system came into existence. Cuilapan developed as an independent city state until the rise of Monte Alban, which came into dominance because it provided a refuge in a defensible location. During this time, Cuilapan was one of the satellite cities of the dominion. Between 600 and 900 CE, Monte Alban declined and collapsed, allowing Cuilapan and others to become independent again. Excavations from this period show that Cuilapan gained prominence in the post Monte Alban period, but was not dominant over its neighbors and never reached the heights of the former dominion. At that time, Cuilapan was identifiable as a Zapotec city state. Later, in the post-classic period, this and other Zapotec cities would be overrun by the Mixtecs.

At the time of the Spanish conquest, Cuilapan was a large multi-ethnic population center of 43,000 people and one of the centers of the political, economic and cultural life of the central valleys of Oaxaca. The area was still the center of an ongoing struggle for dominance between the Mixtecs and the Zapotecs. To complicate things further, the Aztecs also had a presence in the central valleys region, and exacted tribute from Cuilapan through their military garrison in Huaxyácac (today the city of Oaxaca). This tribute included products such as corn, beans, clothing, gold and cochineal. Cuilapan had a number of its own subject settlements which included Camotlán, Etla, Quauxilotitlan [Huitzo], Guaxaca, Macuilcóchitl, Tlacochahuaya, [San Sebastian] Teítipac and Ocotlán. However, the Aztecs sought only tribute and left Mixtec cultural and political traditions here mostly intact.

The Spanish found a thriving community with formidable political, economic and social organizations. The Mixtecs dominated and society was divided into a ruling class called caciques and commoners called macehuales. This heterogeneous system would mostly stay after the Spanish conquest, with the ruling class keeping many of its privileges with the conditions of conversion to Christianity and fealty to the Spanish crown. The original Mixtec settlement was at the foot of a hill in this area, but the modern town was established by Fray Domingo de Oguinaga and Zapotecs in 1551, with the founding of the monastery of Saint James.

This monastery was a major center of evangelization efforts in the early colonial period in the central valleys region of Oaxaca, although it was never finished. The Dominicans were in charge of evangelization and in a few years had managed to baptize nearly all the inhabitants. However, this was not enough to ensure acceptance of the new faith, so the monastery with its large open chapel and elaborate murals was begun in the 1550s to reinforce Christian ideas, modified to relate to traditional Mixtec and Zapotec beliefs. However, one major effect the monastery had was to move the population center from the original Mixtec settlement to one surrounding the monastery.

Culiapan was caught up in a sovereignty dispute between Hernán Cortés, the Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca, and the city of Antequera (which would become the city of Oaxaca). As the Marquis, Cortés had absolute control over Cuiliapan and sixteen other towns in the valley as well as all of these towns’ subject villages. Residents of the city of Antequera were fearful of Cortés's unchecked political authority in the region in spite of their city charter granting them autonomy. The struggle lasted from the 1520s to the 1530s with each claiming land from the other. Eventually, the authority of the Marquis was limited to four towns known as the Cuatro Villas in 1533, with Culiapan being one of them. With this arrangement, Culiapan became a Spanish “cabecera” (seat) for a number of other, smaller settlements.

The decline of Cuilapan began in the 16th century, when the population fell from 43,000 in the 1520s to 7,000 in 1600. Construction of the massive basilica and monastery was halted by the 1570s, and was never finished. The Dominican friars were obliged to hand over the complex to regular clergy in the mid-18th century. From this point, the wealth and prestige of the institution declined. Church authorities neglected the maintenance of the complex, and it deteriorated until it was finally divested of its religious function by the 19th century.

The complex has had several uses since that time, including that of a school, but its best-known function was that of the prison and execution place of Vicente Guerrero in 1831.

The town received a visit by Pope John Paul II in 1979.

The name for the original Mixtec city was Sahayuca, which means “at the foot of the mountain.” Later in the pre-Hispanic period, it adopted the name of Cuilapam Quayogol and Ampa-Valle, when the Aztecs began to have significant influence. The name is spelled two ways, “Cuilapam” and “Cuilapan.” This name is from Nahuatl but its meaning is debated. It has been interpreted to mean “the place behind,” “the water behind,” “dirty place,” “painted river,” “at the foot of the mountain,” and “place or valley of the cocoyles”, a type of small coconut tree. The reason behind the two spellings is a difference in the Nahuatl suffix, with-pan meaning “place of “ and –pam meaning “valley of.” Both spellings can be seen on signs and maps and both are considered correct.

The town

Today, the town of Cuilapan is primarily Mixtec with just over 11,000 people, filled with brightly colored public buildings and a shady central plaza. It is a very quiet town, with only isolated persons or small groups of people on the streets. It is nothing like the bustling pre-Hispanic and early colonial city it used to be, maintaining only a fraction of its former population and prestige.

Much of the life of the town still centers on religion, with saints’ days and other similar events celebrated with folk dances, masses, processions, fireworks, rodeos and more, accompanied by bands that play chilenas, sones and other regional music. The major local celebration of the year is the feast of the Apostle James, which takes place from 24 to 27 January. The 24th is celebrated with evening masses, as is the morning of the 25th. A midday Mass on this day concludes with the Danza de la Pluma. In the late afternoon to evening hours there is a dance event called a “jaripeo” and more traditional dances in the main square accompanied by live music. These repeat on the 26th with the 27th concluding with a more modern dance event.

Cuilapam is the origin of the Danza de la Pluma and is known for the making of the elaborate headdresses which are worn by the dancers. This dance is one which is featured at the annual Guelaguetza event held in Oaxaca city in July.
During festivals and in the markets common dishes such as moles such as negro, rojo coloradito, verde and amarillo as well as tasajo, tlayudas, tamales wrapped in banana leaves and cegueza (ground corn and baked with barbacoa similar to a dumpling) can be found. Beverages include atole with chocolate, hot chocolate, tejate (drink made with mamey seeds, corn, cocoa and a flower called Rosita de cacao), horchata and hibiscus tea.

The ex monastery of Santiago Apóstol

The former monastery still defines the town and is the major attraction for visitors. The fortress-like complex is easily seen from the highway as one travels south from the city of Oaxaca towards Zaachila, and it is visited by both Mexican and international tourists. The complex is located on a small hill which gives it a view of much of the valley area. It is one of the most extravagant and elaborate colonial area constructions in Oaxaca, but it is often overlooked in favor of churches and monasteries located in the Mexico City area. Built of green quarried stone and river rocks, it is a quiet place where footsteps can echo in the hallways. The extravagances of the site include the tall basilica, the elaborate baptismal font, the Gothic cloister and murals, which remain as national treasures. The decorative work of the monastery, especially its murals, are important because they show a systematic blending of indigenous elements into the Christian framework, done in order to support the evangelization process in the local Mixtec and Zapotec peoples. The single-naved church is used for worship but the roofless basilica and cloister are under the control of INAH, which uses many of the second floor rooms of the cloister as workshops for restoration projects and runs a small museum with important liturgical items from the 16th century.

The municipality
As municipal seat, the town of Cuilapan is the governing authority for more than thirty-five other named communities, the largest of which include Cruz Blanca, Carrizal, Manzano and Tiracoz. The municipal population is 15,041 (2005) with just under seventy five percent living in the town proper. Most of the population is ethnically Zapotec with the Mixtec (Mixtec Alta) coming second. Despite being less numerous, Mixtec traditions dominate due to their political dominance starting in the 13th century. The municipality covers an area of 49.75 km2 and borders the municipalities of San Pedro Ixtlahuaca, Villa de Zaachila, Santa Cruz Xococotlan and San Raymundo Jalpan.

The valley is surrounded by the densely forested mountains of the Sierra Madre del Sur. The terrain is steep and rocky with the main source of water being a branch of the Atoyac River. The climate is temperate and mostly dry with most rain falling in summer and fall. Wildlife consists of rodents and small reptiles. Some larger species such as the armadillo are in danger of extinction. The soil is highly susceptible to erosion.

About sixty percent of the population is dedicated to farming with principal crops being corn, beans and alfalfa. Thirty percent raise livestock such as pigs, cattle, goats, horses and domestic fowl. About ten percent travel to work in Oaxaca city and some residents are employed as guides at the nearby Monte Alban site.

References

Bibliography

External links
Santos in Oaxaca's Ancient Churches: Cuilapan - Art-historical study of the statues in the church and former monastery

Category:Municipalities of Oaxaca
Category:Populated places in Oaxaca


Thunderbolt Gibbons

Thunderbolt Gibbons, was the moniker of a Whiteboys captain in Ireland in the early nineteenth century.

Background

Gibbons was a native of Barnaderg and became the leader of the Whiteboy movement in the area. He was noted for his speed, which caused him to be popularly called 'Thunderbolt', and in relation to his many escapes from arrest.

Tiaquin and transportation

On the same night as a Whiteboy meeting at Tyquin, Athenry, a local 'Big House' was fired, and Gibbons was obliged to go on the run. He was forced to seek refuge in Connemara, but was eventually arrested. He was subsequently sentenced to be executed, but his sister entreated Mr. Bodkin of Annagh to intercede (Finnerty states that Bodkin was "vested with the power of king's prerogative and that meant that he could reprieve a condemned man from the gallows.") While Bodkin's intercession did not result in Gibbons's release, his sentence was reduced to transportation to Australia.

Later life

Some years later, Gibbons's was working near the governor's mansion when he saw an Australian Aborigine make off into the bush, having seized the governor's only child. After an epic chase, Thunderbolt succeeded in rescuing the child. According to Finerty "Thunderbolt's release was secured as a result, and with a well-lined wallet, he sailed for the United States where he was joined and greeted by comrades and exiles in general to enter on a career of success until his death when he died a wealthy man."

See also

 Neddy Lohan
 Captain Kitt
 Anthony Daly (Whiteboy)
 Clann Taidg

References

 Punann Arsa, part I, Martin Finnerty, Galway Observer, 1951.
 The Surnames of Ireland, Edward MacLysaght, 1978.

Category:People from County Galway
Category:Irish criminals
Category:Irish outlaws
Category:19th-century Irish people