Beg Your Pardon

Beg Your Pardon is a song written by Francis Craig and Beasley Smith and published in 1947 by the Robbins Music Corporation. It was recorded in 1947 by Frankie Carle and his Orchestra for Columbia Records. Another recording of the song was made that year by Francis Craig, the song's author, and the track maintained the #3 position on the U.S. Billboard charts for twenty weeks in 1948 and the #4 position for a further sixteen weeks of that year.

Recordings
Frankie Carle and his Orchestra (Columbia 38036)
Francis Craig (Bullet 1012)
Dinning Sisters (Capitol 490)
Larry Green and his Orchestra (Victor 20-2647)
Art Mooney (MGM 10140)
Snooky Lanson (Mercury 5109)
Eddy Howard (Majestic 1320)
Russ Morgan (Decca 24339)
Pat Boone on the album ''Howdy! 1957

See also
1948 in music

Notes

Category:1947 songs
Category:Songs written by Francis Craig
Category:Songs written by Beasley Smith


Leofric

Leofric may refer to:

 Leofric (bishop)  (1016–1072), English religious leader
 Leofric (fl. 1070) (fl. 1070), English writer
 Leofric, Earl of Mercia (968–1057), English noble and benefactor of churches
 Alan Ernest Leofric Chorlton (1874–1946), British mechanical engineer and politician
 Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander (1891–1969), British officer and Governor General of Canada


2009 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final

The 2009 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match played on 12 July 2009 at Semple Stadium, Thurles, County Tipperary. It was contested by Tipperary and Waterford. Tipperary claimed their third Munster Championship of the decade, beating Waterford on a scoreline of 4-14 to 2-16, a 4-point winning margin. Overall, this was Tipperary's thirty eighth Munster Senior Hurling Championship.

Previous Munster Final encounters
Previous to this encounter, the teams had met each other in six Munster Hurling Finals, with Tipperary edging the rivalry with four wins in comparison to Waterford's two wins.  The most recent Munster Final involving both teams was in 2002 with Waterford winning on a scoreline of 2-23 to 3-12.  The match was notable for the fact that Waterford won their first Munster Championship in thirty nine years.

GAA 125th Anniversary
Special events were held in Thurles to mark the 125th anniversary of the GAA on the weekend of the match.  Most notable of these special events was a torch procession from the birthplace of Michael Cusack, Carran, County Clare to Hayes' Hotel in Thurles (founding place of the GAA). On the day of the match, the torch was brought from Hayes' Hotel to Semple Stadium. The torch was brought onto the pitch by former Tipperary hurler, Jimmy Doyle.

Team selection
Tipperary manager Liam Sheedy named an unchanged team from the semi final win over Clare for the Munster Senior Hurling Championship final clash with Waterford.  For Waterford, Tony Browne came in at wing-back for Richie Foley, Aidan Kearney took Kevin Moran's spot on the other wing. Moran moved to midfield to allow Stephen Molumphy switch to centre forward.

Match details

Post-match reaction
Waterfor manager Davy FitzGerald was unhappy with his teams defending before half time, "the goal before half-time, and the one after, were bad errors, mistakes we made, But fair play to Tipp, they were in control of the game for a lot of it. Tipp have been coming a long time. And they’ll be hard beaten. Their work ethic is very good. You can’t make mistakes and expect to win" he said.

Tipperary manager Liam Sheedy conceded that Waterford outhurled Tipperary for much of the Final, "We’re down to the last four and we’re delighted to be there, We have to be fair and honest, Waterford outhurled us for long patches and we were tipping the odd point here and there, Overall, we came here to win, we’ve won and we’re delighted to be back in Croke Park" he said.
Midfielder Shane McGrath claimed that Tipperary are a more rounded team than in 2008, "I think we're more of a team this year than last year - we train a lot harder, we've put in a lot more. We're a closer team, You don't win anything unless you're a close team and friends. At the end of the day, we're all friends and we'll all plug away for each other" he said.

References

External links
 Match Details at Hurlingstats.com

Munster
Category:Munster Senior Hurling Championship Finals
Category:Tipperary GAA matches
Category:Waterford GAA matches


Adeyton Group

Adeyton Group is a Cambrian stratigraphic group cropping out in Newfoundland.

References

Category:Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador


Longford, Warrington

Longford is a neighbourhood that sits just to the North of Howley and Fairfield and the area to the east of the A49 Winwick road. It is served by services 20 and 21 which have a combined frequency of every 5 minutes and operate as a circular route between Warrington Town Centre, Longford and Orford. In 2011 the Longford roundabout was removed and a new traffic light controlled crossroads junction took its place.

Politics
There are three councillors. All councillors for this area are representatives of the Labour Party.

Population
Total Population: 8,012 residents
Male:Female ratio: 55.5%:44.5%
Average age of population: 31 years

Ethnicity breakdown
96% White
2% Mixed
1% Asian
1% Black

Housing and social situation

Housing
Owned 32%
Mortgage 39.6%
Shared 0.7%
Social Rented (Council) 7.2%
Social Rented (Housing Assoc) 8.4%
Private Rented 10.2%
Other 1%
Rent Free 0.8%

Regeneration
In 2011/2012 The area ranked in the four per cent most deprived in the UK and second most deprived in Warrington, is undergoing a major regeneration project.
A regeneration project in Longford and Orford seen ‘castle walls’ rebuilt.
Winter/Spring 2013: The Police have reported there has been a 30% reduction in crime on the area.
Love Longford ‘The Big Tidy Up’ - A good turn out was welcomed at the Longford Cafe for the Big Tidy Up events in August.

Parks and recreation
The local park is named Poole Park, and is off Winwick road.

Employment and education

Employment
70.1% are employed.
4.4% are unemployed.
2.2% are students.
23.3% are classed as "economically inactive".

Education
25.5% have no qualifications.
38.6% have only level 1 or 2 qualifications.
18.3% have level 3 or higher.

References

Category:Geography of Warrington


El Pinar, Canary Islands

El Pinar (Spanish: El Pinar de El Hierro) is a Spanish municipality on the island of El Hierro (nicknamed Isla del Meridiano, the "Meridian Island"), Canary Islands. It was created in 2007.

Sites of interest
At the western end of El Pinar is the Punta Orchilla lighthouse which was completed in 1933.

See also
Pico de Malpaso

References

Category:Municipalities in El Hierro


Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001

The Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001 (), is Malaysian laws which enacted to provide for the offence of money laundering, the measures to be taken for the prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing offences and to provide for the forfeiture of property involved in or derived from money laundering and terrorism financing offences, as well as terrorist property, proceeds of an unlawful activity and instrumentalities of an offence, and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith.

Structure
The Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001, in its current form (1 December 2015), consists of 7 Parts containing 93 sections and 2 schedules (including 27 amendments).
 Part I: Preliminary
 Part II: Money Laundering Offences
 Part III: Financial Intelligence
 Part IV: Reporting Obligations
 Part IVA: Cross Border Movements of Cash and Bearer Negotiable Instruments
 Part V: Investigation
 Part VI: Freezing, Seizure and Forfeiture
 Part VIA: Suppression of Terrorism Financing Offences and Freezing, Seizure and Forfeiture of Terrorist Property
 Part VII: Miscellaneous
 Schedules

References

External links
 Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001

Category:2001 in Malaysian law
Category:Malaysian federal legislation
Category:Anti-money laundering measures
Category:Counter-terrorism


The Unimaginable Life

The Unimaginable Life is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins, released on July 8, 1997 to coincide with his book of the same name that he co-wrote with his second wife, Julia. The liner notes include excerpts from the book. The album was produced by Loggins and Randy Jackson, with background vocals by Skyler Jett, Lamont VanHook and Howard Smith.

Track listing
 "Let the Pendulum Swing"; Poem written and read by Julia Loggins (Julia Loggins, Steve Wood) - 2:17
 "Just Breathe" (Loggins, Chris Rodriguez, Steve George) - 6:10
 "I Am Not Hiding" (Loggins, Steve George) - 5:05
 "All I Ask" (Loggins,  Babyface) - 6:00
 "Now That I Know Love" (Loggins, Steve George) - 7:03
 "The Art of Letting Go" (Loggins, Michael Ruff) - 7:28
 "One Chance at a Time" (Loggins, Glen Ballard) - 7:18
 "Love's Got Nothin' to Prove" (Loggins, John Barnes) - 5:27
 "This Island Earth" (Loggins) - 5:20
 "No Doubt About Love" (Loggins,  Babyface) – 4:26
 "The Rest of Your Life" (K. Loggins, Julia Loggins, Jonathan Butler) - 4:57
 "Birth Energy" (Loggins) - 6:41
 "The Unimaginable Life" (Loggins, David Foster) - 6:05
 "Your Spirit and My Spirit" (Loggins) - 1:46

Personnel
 Kenny Loggins – lead vocals
 Steve George – keyboards
 Greg Phillinganes – keyboards
 Michael Ruff – keyboards
 John Barnes – Synclavier
 Walter Afanasieff – keyboards (13), synthesizer (13), bass (13), drum programming (13), programming (13), arrangements (13)
 Dan Shea – additional keyboards (13), additional programming (13)
 Gary Cimirelli – additional programming (13)
 Vernon "Ice" Black – guitar
 Earl Klugh – guitar
 Michael Landau – electric guitar
 Ray Parker Jr. – guitar
 Dean Parks – acoustic guitar
 Tim Pierce – acoustic guitar
 Fred Tackett – guitar
 Michael Thompson – guitar
 Nathan East – bass
 Randy Jackson – bass
 Tony Levin – bass
 Freddie Washington – bass
 Omar Hakim – drums
 Tris Imboden – drums
 John Robinson – drums
 Zakir Hussain – percussion
 Munyungo Jackson – percussion
 Kevin Ricard – percussion
 Bill Summers – percussion
 John Zeretzke – duduk, flute
 Everette Harp – saxophone
 Karen Briggs – violin
 Jeremy Lubbock – string arrangements and conductor (13)
 Joey Blake – backing vocals
 Karla Bonoff – backing vocals
 Joey Diggs – backing vocals
 Jim Gilstrap – backing vocals
 Bobbi Page – backing vocals
 Chris Rodriguez – backing vocals
 Howard Smith – backing vocals
 Lamont Van Hook – backing vocals
 Carvin Winans – backing vocals
 Agape Choir of Santa Monica – choir
 Lynn Davis – backing vocals (13)
 Sandy Griffith – backing vocals (13)
 Phillip Ingram – backing vocals (13)
 Skyler Jett – backing vocals (13)
 Conesha Owens – backing vocals (13)
 Claytoven Richardson – backing vocals (13)
 Jeanie Tracy – backing vocals (13)

References

Category:1997 albums
Category:Kenny Loggins albums
Category:Columbia Records albums


Black-capped vireo

The black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) is a small bird native to the United States and Mexico. It was listed as an endangered species in the United States in 1987.  Successful conservation efforts on the U.S. Army's Fort Hood and Fort Sill led to delisting the black-capped vireo in 2018. The IUCN lists the species as vulnerable.

Description
The black-capped vireo is a songbird about 12 cm (4.5 inches ) in length. Sexually mature males are olive green above and white below with faint yellow flanks. The crown and upper half of the head is black with a partial white eye-ring and lores. The iris is brownish-red and the bill is black. Females are duller in color than males and have a slate-gray crown and underparts washed with greenish yellow. First year males often (but do not always) have more extensive gray in the cap, similar to adult females.

Nesting
The male and female in a pair assist in nest construction and incubation. Typically, the female lays three or four eggs. The incubation period is 14 to 17 days, and the nestling period is 10 to 12 days. The female broods over the young, while the male supplies most of the food during the nestling phase. Breeding pairs are capable of producing more than one clutch per breeding season. The male cares for some or all of the fledglings, while the female re-nests, sometimes with another male. These birds are insectivorous, with beetles and caterpillars making up a large part of the diet.

Black-capped vireos nest in "shinneries", brushy areas with scattered trees. Shinneries primarily consist of shin oak or sumac.  Appropriate height and density are important factors for this species' breeding success.  Foliage that extends to ground level is the most important requirement for nesting. Most nests are between 15 and 50 inches (35–125 cm) above ground level, and are screened from view by foliage. Territories are sometimes located on steep slopes, where trees are often clumped and intermediate in height. On level terrain, preferred black-capped vireo habitat is a mixture of shrubs and smaller trees that average from eight to 10 feet high (2.5-3.5 m). Black-capped vireos will no longer use sites where many trees are nearing full size.

Distribution
The historic breeding distribution of the black-capped vireo extended south from south-central Kansas through central Oklahoma and Texas to central Coahuila, Mexico. At present, the range extends from Oklahoma south through the Edwards Plateau and Big Bend National Park, Texas, to at least the Sierra Madera in central Coahuila, Mexico. In Oklahoma, the black-capped vireo is found only in Blaine, Cleveland, Cotton and Comanche counties. The winter range of this vireo is not well known. It is thought to winter along the west coast of Mexico from southern Sonora to Guerrero.

Conservation
The black-capped vireo is threatened by brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) brood parasitism, human disturbance, and loss of habitat to urbanization, fire exclusion, grazing, and brush control.  With population sizes now well into the tens of thousands, the species continues to be managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the Oklahoma Department of Conservation. Conservation efforts by the U.S. Army are continuing to enhance the conservation status of the black-capped vireo.

See also
Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge

References

External links
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla)
Black-capped Vireo photo gallery. Visual Resources for Ornithology, Drexel University
Black-capped Vireo video with song
BirdLife Species Factsheet.

black-capped vireo
Category:Native birds of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
Category:Birds of the U.S. Rio Grande Valleys
Category:Birds of Mexico
Category:Endemic birds of Southwestern North America
black-capped vireo
Category:ESA endangered species


Fly Life

"Fly Life" (often stylized as "Flylife") is a song by English electronic dance music duo Basement Jaxx from their fourth extended play called EP3, released in 1996. The track was largely based on the 1996 single "Live Your Life with Me", which they produced for vocalist Corrina Joseph, their collaborator since 1995 in order to make "proper songs."

It was re-released as a single by Multiply Records on 19 May 1997 with a new mix, featuring added vocals from British reggae artist Glamma Kid. It later went to become Basement Jaxx's first charting single in the United Kingdom by reaching in UK Singles Chart's top 20. Granted moderate success commercially, critically, the song also received very positive reviews from music critics, the ones who highlighted the fusion of the many genres of the track and its handful production.

The song was later included on two compilations from the duo: Atlantic Jaxx Recordings: A Compilation in 1997 and The Singles in 2005 and on various DJ sets, including Daft Punk and Fatboy Slim.

Production
In 1995, Virgin Records picked up and distributed Basement Jaxx's first single "Samba Magic". After spending times remixing for Pet Shop Boys, Roger Sanchez, and Lil' Mo' Yin Yang, they released their fourth extended play called EP3. A track from it, "Fly Life", is a house song with ragga, disco, proto-punk and UK garage influences. Its basis was "Live Your Life with Me", a single originally performed by vocalist Corrina Joseph in 1998, the singer whom they had been working with since the release of EP2 (1995) for their first attempts at making "proper songs." The duo's re-work of "Live Your Life with Me" has been added "euphoric synth" and "filtered brass stabs" with long-winded air horn throughout. Generally, Charles Aaron from Spin described the track as a "blaxploitation dubby." while Resident Advisor described it as "a more idiosyncratic, homegrown sound emerged in the edge-of-panic squeal."

Critical reception
"Fly Life" received much acclaim from music critics. Colin Larkin described the track in Encyclopedia of Popular Music as a "club classic" and an "unusual blend of ragga and house". Andy Kellman from AllMusic stated the song along with their first single "Samba Music" are the only two examples of why their debut album was so heavily anticipated. Writing for The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Michaelangelo Matos called the song one of their "definitive mid-'90s club anthems". From the same publication, John Bush also agreed those two were their best tracks from 1994 through 1997, and marked them as his "Track Picks" on their compilation. However, looking at the whole Basement Jaxx's catalogue, Anna Chapman from The Independent stated the "glittered" ragga and disco influences of "Fly Life" seemed to "come out of nowhere." French music magazine Les Inrockuptibles still highly praised it, commenting it was "finely crafted", with "the bass increased tension while the dance rhythm completely nailed on the dance floor." Joseph's vocals were also said to give a "disco aftertaste" to the song.

British publication Mixmag listed "Fly Life" at number 16 on their year-end list "Tunes Of 1997" while house music label Defected Records voted the track as the Ibiza nightclub Space anthem of 1997. The "Brix" Mix was later included in Pitchfork 2010 list of "twenty-five great remixes" of 1990s.

Release and other appearances
"Fly Life" was released as a single on 19 May 1997 by their own record label Atlantic Jaxx and Multiply Records with distribution by The Total Record Company. The single cover features a giraffe, the picture which also appeared on their 1999 show at the Forum in London via a "vast dot-matrix screen."

A few different formats of the single has been released in the United Kingdom and some other countries in Europe, including: A CD version was released in the United Kingdom via Atlantic Jaxx and in Denmark via Smart Records, it includes the original mix of the track, a radio edit and an unedited version for the "Brix" mix, with remixes from Roni Size, Erick Morillo and Curtis Jones; the UK vinyl single and cassette versions both have the "Brix" and Size's mix, while the vinyl one also added Morillo's and the original mix;

A promotional music video for the song was also released while it became their first charted single by debuting at number 19 in the UK Singles Chart on 31 May 1997. After that, the song fell down to number 41, dropped to number 67 on the week of 14 June and disappeared from the chart.

"Fly Life" later made its appearances on various DJ mixes, including: the free mix cassette Beat Up the NME (1997), from music magazine NME, which was compiled by British DJ Fatboy Slim; Junior Vasquez's live album Live, Vol. 2 (1998); later on Victor Calderone's mix album called E=VC² (1999); and on the mix album Soul of Man Presents: Y4K: Breakin' in tha House (2004). In 2009, "Fly Life Xtra" appeared on Paul Ritch's DJ set for BBC Radio 1 radio show Essential Mix. The "Brix" mix also made its appearances on the 1999 coming-of-age movie Virtual Sexuality and its soundtrack.

Formats and track listings

UK and Europe maxi CD single

 "Fly Life"  – 4:03
 "Fly Life"  – 6:41
 "Fly Life"  – 6:09
 "Fly Life"  – 7:31
 "Fly Life"  – 7:39
 "Fly Life"  – 6:33

UK 12" single

 "Fly Life"  – 4:03
 "Fly Life"  – 7:31
 "Fly Life"  – 6:09
 "Fly Life"  – 6:33

UK cassette single

 "Fly Life"  – 4:03
 "Fly Life"  – 6:09

France 12" single

 "Fly Life"  – 6:41
 "Fly Life"  – 6:33
 "Fly Life"  – 5:14

France 12" remixes single

 "Fly Life"  – 7:39
 "Fly Life"  – 6:09
 "Fly Life"  – 7:31

International digital and UK vinyl Fly Life Xtra EP

 "Fly Life Xtra"  – 7:39
 "Fly Life"  – 6:09
 "Fly Life"  – 7:31

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the CD single liner notes.

Simon Ratcliffe (credited as "Ratcliffe") – music producer, songwriter
Felix Buxton (credited as "Felix B") – music producer, songwriter
Glamma Kid – vocals
Corrina Joseph – vocals
Alexia Cox – designer

Charts

References

Category:1997 singles
Category:Basement Jaxx songs
Category:1996 songs
Category:Songs written by Simon Ratcliffe (musician)
Category:Songs written by Felix Buxton


Aylmer Buesst

Aylmer Buesst (28 January 18833 January 1970) was an Australian conductor, teacher and scholar, who spent his career in the United Kingdom. He was mainly associated with opera and vocal music. He also wrote a work on the leitmotifs in Richard Wagner's operas, and he was an authority on heraldry.

Biography
Aylmer Wilhelmy Buesst was born in 1883 in Melbourne, the son of William Augustus Buesst (1846–1935) and Helen Violette née Pett. His brothers were Victor Augustine (1885-1960; a composer), and Tristan Noël Marchand (1894-1982; a soldier, barrister and collector of Australiana). The Buesst family had migrated in the 1870s from Staffordshire in England, "buesst" being an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "stout". Nevertheless, his mother later pretended the name was German, and sometimes added an umlaut (Büesst) to make it appear so.

He studied the violin in Melbourne, where he was celebrated as a prodigy. During the 1890s the visiting virtuoso Joseph Joachim noticed him, and took him to Breslau to study with him. He had further studies at the Breslau Conservatory, then with César Thomson in Brussels and August Wilhelmj in London.  His music studies continued at the Leipzig Conservatory, including conducting studies with Arthur Nikisch.

In 1911 he was invited to conduct the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester, England. In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, he was imprisoned in Strangeways Prison as an enemy alien in the belief that he was a German, since he spoke German fluently, had developed a German-sounding English accent from his years of study on the European continent, and had also adopted the umlaut when writing his surname. He enlisted the aid of a friend on the outside, Sir Gerald Woods Wollaston (a future Garter Principal King of Arms 1930-1944) in researching his ancestry, to prove that he was of purely English stock. Wollaston was able to secure his release after ten months. In the process, Wollaston had a Grant of Arms organised for Buesst. Ironically, due to his excellent German, Buesst (who had quickly dropped the umlaut) was then used in interrogating captured German officers and generally helping with translations throughout the remainder of the war.  Despite being cleared of any German sympathies or family connections, he was not required anymore at the Hallé due to the prevailing anti-German sentiment. He returned to Breslau, becoming Kapellmeister there.  It was in Breslau that he became interested in heraldry himself, and started what would later become a vast collection of books and other material on European heraldry, including all the coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire.  His library was later donated to help found the collection of the Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies.

Aylmer Buesst conducted the Moody-Manners Opera Company, the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, then the Beecham Opera Company 1916-17 and 1919-20. He was a co-founder of the British National Opera Company (BNOC), which he conducted 1922-28. He married the soprano May Blyth in 1924.

His book Richard Wagner's The Nibelung's Ring: An Act By Act Guide to the Plot and Music was published in 1932, and had a second edition in 1952.

In 1933 he was appointed Assistant Music Director for the BBC until 1936. He led the premiere performance of Béla Bartók's Cantata Profana, in a radio broadcast from London on 25 May 1934.  He led the Scottish Orchestra 1939-40.

He held teaching posts at the Royal Academy of Music, the Royal College of Music and the Guildhall School of Music. His students included the composers Buxton Orr and Imogen Holst, the conductors George Weldon, Robert Jenner, and Thomas Loten, and the tenor Ian Partridge.

He was President of the St Albans Orchestral Society, and his daughter Jill was a pianist.

He died in January 1970, aged 86.

Recordings
Aylmer Buesst made recordings with Richard Crooks and Heddle Nash.

He made only the third recording of Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana, with the BNOC in 1927.  This was the first complete opera recording ever made in England using the electric process.  The principal singers were Heddle Nash, Justine Griffiths, Harold Williams, Buesst's wife May Blyth, and Marjorie Parry (then John Barbirolli's wife). The recording has been released on CD, paired with Eugene Goossens conducting Leoncavallo's Pagliacci.  This release has received a number of glowing reviews.

References

Sources
 Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Eric Blom, 5th ed, 1954, Vol. I, p. 1003

Category:1883 births
Category:1970 deaths
Category:Australian conductors (music)
Category:British conductors (music)
Category:British male conductors (music)
Category:Australian music educators
Category:British music educators
Category:Heraldists
Category:20th-century conductors (music)
Category:20th-century British male musicians


Bongal Kheda

Bongal Kheda refers to an Extremely Jingoistically organised campaign of ethnic cleansing of the Bengali Hindus in undivided Assam which was very Brutal & Oppressive, that originated in the Brahmaputra Valley in the late 1940s and continued into the 1960s.  Significant property damage, ethnic policing and street violence occurred throughout the region. During its peak in 1960, around 50,000 Bengali Hindus were expelled from Assam, who took shelter in West Bengal. Robin Dey, the Bengali-born creator of teenage adventure series of Dasyu Bhaskar in Assamese was forced to leave Assam and settle in Kolkata. In 1959, Sukomal Purakayastha, who was later martyred during the Bengali Language Movement in 1961, was forced to wind up his business in Dibrugarh and flee to Barak Valley.

Background

The concern for rapidly increasing amount of refugees arriving from East Bengal and later newly formed East Pakistan in the 1940s, created tension among the Indigenous Assamese people and many tribes in the state. The first influx of Hindu refugees in considerable number was in October 1946 following the Noakhali riots. By May 1949 the number of total refugees reached two-and-half lakhs increasing up to 2, 740, 455. In May 1948, ethnic tension escalated between the Assamese people and the Bengali Hindus in the Paan bazaar area of Guwahati, which soon spread to different parts of Assam. Bengali-owned shops were looted in Guwahati. Abusive wall graffiti were put out across the streets of Guwahati such as "Who ate all the fish?, the Bengalis ! So out with them." In 1956, there were widespread disturbances in the erstwhile undivided Goalpara district, when the States Reorganization Commission visited the district to ascertain the feasibility of the district's merger with West Bengal. Sarat Chandra Sinha, the Congress MLA who would later be the Chief minister of Assam, is known to have rallied in different parts of Goalpara district and made provocative speeches against the Bengali Hindus, instigating mob violence against them. Around 250 Bengali medium schools were converted to Assamese medium schools overnight. As per a letter by PM Jawaharlal Nehru to the Assam government, at least one Bengali Hindu was stabbed.

Attacks

The attacks on the Bengali Hindus started in June 1960. It first started at the Cotton College in Guwahati and then spread to the rest of the state. Assamese mob attacked Bengali Hindu settlements in the Brahmaputra Valley. Violence took place in 25 villages of Goreswar in Kamrup district. An one-man enquiry commission was set up under Justice Gopal Mehrotra. According to the report nine Bengali were killed and more than one hundred were injured. There was at least one incident of attack on women. 4,019 huts and 58 houses belonging to the Bengalis were vandalised and destroyed. The District Magistrate of Guwahati who happened to be a Bengali Hindu was attacked by a mob of around 100 people inside his residence and stabbed. The Deputy Inspector General of Police, also a Bengali Hindu was also stabbed. The Bengali students of Guwahati University, Dibrugarh Medical College and Assam Medical College were forcibly expelled from the institutions. In Dibrugarh, the Bengali Hindus were attacked in the mixed localities. Bengali Hindu houses were looted, burnt and the occupants were beaten up, knifed and driven out.

Displacement
Thousands of Bengali Hindus were displaced from the Brahmaputra Valley and they subsequently migrated to West Bengal. According to one estimate 500,000 Bengalis were displaced from Assam. In West Bengal, thousands of refugees arrived in phases. The first batch of around 4,000 refugees arrived between 5 and 11 July 1960. The next batch of 447 arrived between 12 and 20 July. The rest arrived after 31 July. During July – September, around 50,000 Bengalis took shelter in West Bengal.

Protests
In 1962, Bengali folk poet Nibaran Pandit composed a collection of poems Sei Dingulir Katha (meaning 'the tales of those dark days') in protest of the Bongal Kheda movement.

Aftermath

1960 Language riots
In 1960, large scale ethnic riots erupted in Assam again when Assamese groups demanded for making Assamese the sole language for writing examinations under the prestigious Gauhati university, where as usual the Bengali Hindus were mostly targeted. This time the violence remained concentrated mostly in the lower Assam districts with minor outbreaks reported in Sibsagar and Dibrugarh. Around 14,000 Bengali Hindus fled to West Bengal and elsewhere in the North East.

1979-80 attacks

During the first phase of the Assam Agitation, Bengali settlements were attacked throughout the Brahmaputra Valley. The killing of Rabi Mitra, an ethnic Bengali technical officer at Oil India's headquarters in Duliajan caused widespread panic among the Bengalis. In 1983, the Bengali Hindus were attacked again during the anti-foreign agitation. In Dhemaji district, the Bengali houses were vandalised by rioting Assamese mobs in Silapathar. Cases have been reported when tribals (Mishing people) were instigated to attack government sanctioned Bengali Hindu refugee settlements in the Lakhimpur district, resulting in horrendous massacres where Bengali babies were snatched from their mothers and thrown to fire, alive. Extremely abusive graffiti targeting Bengali Hindus became a common hate spreading mechanism for the Assamese rioters. "If you see a snake and a Bengali, kill the Bengali first", "Assam for Assamese", etc. were easily seen written on the graffitied walls across the Brahmaputra valley. The Khasi tribals of Meghalaya, under the banner of Khasi Students Union (KSU) and under active collaboration and patronage of the Assamese rioters started targeting domicile  Bengalis in Meghalaya, resenting their dominance in jobs and business. The attacks mostly restricted to Shillong. In 1980, a Bengali legislator was killed and the Bengali localities came under systematic attack repeatedly. Gauri Dey, a pregnant Bengali Hindu women was gang-raped by a Khasi mob in front of her husband and then tied to a tree and lynched. The attacks took place mostly before Durga Puja, the most important Bengali Hindu festival. An estimated 25,000 to 35,000 Bengalis left Meghalaya and settled in West Bengal and other parts of India, since the 1980s.

See also
 Beh Dkhar
 Mayang Halo
 Operation Roukhala
 D voter
Nellie Massacre

References

Category:Massacres of Bengali Hindus
Category:History of Assam
Category:1960s in India
Category:Ethnic cleansing in Asia
Category:Illegal immigration to India


The Supremes: At Their Best

At Their Best is a 1978 album by The Supremes. It includes most of their singles from 1970 through 1976 and featured, at the time, two never-before released songs: "The Sha-La Bandit" and "Love Train". It was released first in the United Kingdom in February 1978, including 14 tracks. It was later released in the US in June 1978, with some of the tracks removed and the track order amended. According to motown data around 30,000 USA copies were sold in all.

UK Track listings

Side one
"Stoned Love" (2:58)
"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking" (3:08)
"Floy Joy" (2:31)
"Nathan Jones" (3:01)
"Everybody's Got the Right to Love" (2:44)
"High Energy" (4:13)
"Automatically Sunshine" (3:08)

Side two
"Up the Ladder to the Roof" (3:14)
"You're My Driving Wheel" (3:19)
"Bad Weather" (3:01)
"Love Train" (3:20)
"The Sha-La Bandit" (3:40)
"He's My Man" (3:02)
"You're What's Missing in My Life" (3:58)

US Track listings

Side one
"Stoned Love" (2:58)
"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking" (3:08)
"Floy Joy" (2:31)
"Nathan Jones" (3:01)
"The Sha-La Bandit" (3:40)

Side two
"Up the Ladder to the Roof" (3:14)
"You're My Driving Wheel" (3:19)
"Everybody's Got the Right to Love" (2:44)
"Bad Weather" (3:01)
"Love Train" (3:20)

Personnel
Jean Terrell – lead vocals
Mary Wilson – lead and background vocals
Scherrie Payne – lead and background vocals
Cindy Birdsong – background vocals
Lynda Laurence – background vocals
Susaye Greene – background vocals

References

Category:1978 compilation albums
Category:The Supremes compilation albums
Category:Motown compilation albums


Crying My Heart Out Over You

"Crying My Heart Out Over You" is a song written by Lester Flatt, Earl Scruggs, Carl Butler, and Earl Sherry and was originally recorded by Flatt & Scruggs, which peaked at #21 on the country chart in 1960.

In 1982, the song was recorded by Ricky Skaggs.  "Crying My Heart Out Over You" was Ricky Skaggs third country hit and the first of eleven number one hits on the country chart.  The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart.

Charts

References

External links

Category:1960 singles
Category:1981 singles
Category:Flatt and Scruggs songs
Category:Ricky Skaggs songs
Category:Song recordings produced by Ricky Skaggs
Category:Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Category:Columbia Records singles
Category:Epic Records singles
Category:1960 songs


Jeff Klaiber

Jeff Klaiber (born February 15, 1962) is an American speed skater. He competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics.

References

Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:American male speed skaters
Category:Olympic speed skaters of the United States
Category:Speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Category:Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Glen Cove, New York


Wairakei River

The Wairakei River or Wairakei Stream is a river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows southeast to meet the Waikato River, which it does at the town of Wairakei, 10 kilometres north of Taupo.

See also
List of rivers of New Zealand

References

Category:Taupo District
Category:Rivers of Waikato
Category:Rivers of New Zealand


Edward Morris Erskine

The Hon. Edward Erskine  (28 March 1817 – 19 April 1883) was a British diplomat who was envoy to Greece and Sweden and Norway.

Career
Edward Morris Erskine was the fourth son of David Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine, and his wife Frances, daughter of General John Cadwalader. He entered the diplomatic service as attaché to his father at Munich, and after various junior posts including attaché at Brussels he was appointed secretary of legation at Turin in 1852. He was transferred to the same post at Washington, D.C. in May 1858 but moved again to Stockholm at the end of that year. In April 1860 he was posted to St Petersburg, again as secretary of legation, but moved on in November to the same role at Constantinople. In 1864 he was appointed Minister to Greece.
During his stay there nothing of importance happened until the Dilessi murders in 1870 (the seizure of Lord and Lady Muncaster and their party by brigands, who killed several of the hostages). Erskine's handling of the affair was much criticized, but in his temperate reaction he reflected the view of the British cabinet, which wished to avoid being pushed into Palmerstonian 'gunboat' diplomacy. — Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
In 1872 Erskine was transferred to be Minister to Sweden and Norway. His duties there included negotiation of a bilateral treaty on the extradition of criminals (superseded by later European conventions, currently the European Arrest Warrant). He remained at Stockholm until 1881, when he retired on a pension.

Edward Erskine was appointed CB in 1873.

Offices held

Family
On 24 July 1847 Edward Erskine married Caroline, daughter of Robert Hamilton Vaughan and widow of Andrew Loughnan. They had three daughters and a son. She died on 23 October 1877. Erskine died at his home, Neville House, Twickenham, on 19 April 1883.

References

Hon. Edward Morris Erskine – thepeerage.com

Category:1817 births
Category:1883 deaths
Edward Morris
Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Greece
Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Sweden
Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath


Banmi Shōfū-ryū

Banmi Shōfū-ryū (晩美生風流) is a school of Ikebana, an ancient Japanese art form that involves arranging flowers for spiritual purposes. Ikebana accompanied Buddhism's arrival in Japan in the 6th century and evolved from a Buddhist ritual. This ritual, which started in India, consisted of throwing “floral offerings” to the spirits of those who had passed. By the 10th century, containers were used for the floral offerings, slowly representing the development of Ikebana.  Kado, which means “way of the flower,” is used in Ikebana practice and began to spread into more of an aesthetic than a spiritual representation during this time. By the 15th century, Ikebana embodied what it is known for today, an art form with a spiritual foundation. Ikebana is a way to connect with the flowers through active meditation, producing calmness and concentration for those who engage in this complex and expressional art. Ikebana has also been shown to have calming physiological effects on both creators  and viewers of the art.

Banmi Shofu Ryu, like all schools, originated from the first school of Ikebana. Bessie Yoneko Banmi Fooks, 1st Generation Headmaster and creator of Banmi Shofu Ryu, received her title in 1962 through the effortless and natural forms her Ikebana creations when she resided in Japan. Frequent visits to Kaohsiung Taiwan allowed Fooks to continue her studies and eventually earn her professor's certificate and authorization for the establishment of Banmi Shofu Ryu. Fooks began her teachings in Tainan, Taiwan and continued to exhibit and demonstrate her works in several countries around the world for over 50 years. Fooks characteristically used driftwood to connect her floral arrangements with their living spirit. In Banmi Shofu Ryu, driftwood is the essence of the Ikebana creations.

Before her passing, Fooks formed a flower relationship with Dr. Ricardo Bansho Carrasco and later named him 2nd Generation Headmaster (Iemoto) of Banmi Shofu Ryu. Bansho Ric-sensei implemented a 5-year plan for the formalization of his shared vision with Fooks, which until then had remained un-communicated to the community and only to the Fooks family In Japan and Hawaii.  Formalization of Banmi Shofu Ryu included publication of books: Driftwood & Flowers, Telling Stories through Flowers, Banmi Shofu Ryu: From Samurai Beginnings to Contemporary Designs, and Banmi Shofu Ryu Kaden. A brochure and website were also published and several workshops, demonstrations, and exhibitions commenced.

The vision created by Bessie Banmi-sensei Fooks and Bansho Ric-sensei Carrasco viewed Banmi flowers, kado. In 1996, the curriculum was refined based on a Japanese manual of flower arrangement. Passed down by Bansui Ohta; this curriculum is now used as the basis for Banmi Shofu Ryu teaching. The overall purpose of this school is to demonstrate the art of Ikebana and to find new talent to promote and pass down the traditions of this fine art.

Three Main Branches

Ikebana style greatly contrasts symmetrical and full western approaches. Every design in Ikebana is made up of three main branches, regardless of which school is used or the purpose of the arrangement.
In Banmi Shofu Ryu Ikebana, the three main stems are Shin, Soe, and Uke. Their measurements are all based upon the size of the container. The angle and length of the stems are an important part of deciding the style of the arrangement for traditional designs.  When a cascading or slanted arrangement is made, the stems will not fall in the same way as traditional styles, making some of the shorter branches appear taller than the longer branches. Shin is the first stem and it is based on the diameter plus height or depth of the container times one and a half. Soe is the second stem, and it is two thirds the length of shin. Uke is the third main stem, and it is one third to two thirds the length of soe. There are also two other stems used in Ikebana, but they are not considered to be main stems. Jushi are assistant stems, which are shorter than the main stems they support; and any amount of jush can be used in an arrangement.  Ashirai are filler stems at the bottom and provide support for the main and assistant stems.

Stems are placed at certain angles in arrangements, since space is a very important element of Ikebana design. Shin is 10-90 degrees within the 180-degree arc. Soe is placed -40 degrees from 90 degrees of a 180-degree arc to the front side of shin. Uke is -70 degrees from 90 degrees of a 180-degree arc on the side of shin, opposite of soe. These different arcs allow for the design to be three-dimensional and act as a guide to allow for intentional space.

Etiquette

An important aspect of Ikebana is the meditation within the therapeutic process of arranging. Therefore, it is essential to know the proper etiquette required for an effective experience. The class has many rules enforced to help everything come into focus and quiet the room where Ikebana is taking place. The significance of this etiquette is to show respect toward the sensei and to avoid disrupting other deshi. The sensei will guide the class to start after meditation; and at this time, participants are obligated to stop conversing and sit.
The sensei is the teacher and head of the class and it is important to express respect to him or her. The sensei decides by need rather than speed; therefore, an arrangement is not finished until the sensei approves the piece. The sensei can readjust and dismantle an arrangement to fit the lesson. Participants must not express grievances in the classroom, as to avoid offending the sensei. Additionally, participants should record notes of the critique.
Students are not allowed to critique others, talk during the arrangement process, or stand and walk around the room. Participants must follow the sensei after each arrangement inspection. If there are questions, students must raise a hand, though it is not uncommon for only an assistant to have permission to interrupt the sensei. The sensei will end class when everyone has been critiqued. At this time, students will report back to their seats and assist with cleaning the space.

Equipment
There are older, traditional plant holders that may be used or one of the following modern counterparts can be selected: Pinpoint Holder, or kenzan, which is a steel or lead block with sharp points for use with thick and soft stems; Turtle Holder, or kame-dome, which is glass, metal, or actual turtle shells with holes made for stems; Crab Holder, or kani-dome, which is comparable to Turtle Holder, but with crab instead; Whirlpool holder, or kazesui-domei, that has two oblong shapes that are attached to imitate swirling water; and Tripod, or gotoku-dome, which is used to keep a kettle over a hibachi stove. Other plant holders include bundled straw or water lily stems, or komi-wara, which are utilized for portable arrangements, and another holder similar to komi-wara, florist oasis, which is a light foam usually used commercially. A Branch Holder, or kubari; Horse-Bit Holder, or kutsuwa-dome; Circle Holder, or shippo; and Slatty Holder, or yaen-kubari, may all be used to keep the arrangement in place.

Major Designs

In order to develop the technique essential for creating designs that utilize an assortment of materials, the artist must first practice standardized styles. The classic standard Banmi Shofu Ryu designs are Moribana, Nageire, Chabana, Oseika and Gendaika. Ric Bansho also introduced a modern designed called Hashibana which comes in three expressions. These expressions are Maru (Global or spherical), Uate (tall and narrow) and Saba (low and narrow). Technical points that an artist needs to focus on when creating a design are: the length of the stems, degrees of slant, intentional space to be used, number of sections in the container, and whether the arrangement will be right or left-sided. Moribana, Nageire Keishatai, Oseika, and Banmi Shofu Chabana are only a few of such designs. Each design has its own characteristics, using particular flowers and specific arrangements styles, which may be appropriate for a certain environment such as a tearoom. The balance of the plants and flowers, combined with the appropriate container and spirit of the materials, creates a beautiful composition, which incorporates the naturalness of each design.

Moribana

Moribana is one of the classic expressions of Banmi Shofu Ryu. The word Moribana means "piled up flowers". Moribana uses one or more clusters of arrangements in kenzan to replicate how water plants grow and how creatures move around in natural ponds. Choice of materials and how much water shows in front, side, or back reflects the passing of the season. For example, more water is placed to the front during Spring and Summer.  This style was introduced by Unshin Ohara around 1890 after the Meiji restoration of 1868. Moribana is not only an expression of Unshin Ohara’s creative departure from Ikenobo, but was also a strong sign of the Western influence in Japan. While distinctly a hallmark of the Ohara School, moribana has become one of the classic forms learned and created by Ikebana practitioners regardless of school or style affiliation.

A proper Moribana design uses a flat, shallow container, sometimes referred to as suiban, which allows for  the spreading of floral and line materials sideways and away from the earlier classic vertical lines of the Rikka,Shoka,Oseika, and even Nageire. The complex design shown in Picture 1 is the definitive expression of Banmi Shofu Ryu, depicting the characteristic use of Filipino and Hawaiian driftwood in arrangements depicting nature. The entire composition tells a story. Here the two driftwood pieces, a hardwood and a bamboo, connect with each other representing friendship, and the tropical flowers accentuating the lines of the design with height, color, density, and position with other line and floral materials. The blue furoshiki (cloth used for wrapping gifts and items in Japan) represents the Pacific Ocean. Stories that come with Banmi Shofu designs can be expressed in haiku, and for this moribana kansuike, the haiku goes:  Osawa calm through thousand years flower acceptance free there not here…

Nageire

Nageire, meaning "thrown in", is associated with the legendary story of a samurai. The legend states that a samurai, bored on a hot summer day, threw plant material into the small opening of a tall, deep vase on the opposite corner of the room. Thus this style was named Nageire. This Ikebana form utilizes fresh and spontaneous designs that adhere only loosely to the classical principles of triangular structure and color harmony. Therefore, Nageire is less formal than Rikka, which was developing around the same time. Nageire was also practiced and around the time that Chabana and Shoka were developing.

Chabana

Banmi Shofu Ryu Chabana uses a single flower, maybe a branch, but always employs the use of driftwood to support or to emphasize line or to create a dramatic impact.  Although simple and elegant, chabana has deep roots in the traditions of the more formal Ikebana forms, and has its place in both the minimalistic Shintoism and the austentatious Buddhism expressions. Cha means tea, and bana originated from hana meaning flower. This style comes with minimal rules and appeals to those who prefer a simple, natural look in their creation. Banmi Shofu Chabana is the standard style for chanoyu or the Japanese tea ceremony. Chabana, in all its simplicity, requires much skill. Favored flowers are camellias and magnolias, but other less classical and seasonal flowers may be used. A true chabana will evoke the season of the year or take the viewer to a peaceful spot in the woods. Bronze, ceramic, bamboo, or glass containers are usually small to fit easily on a tea ceremony table. When creating a chabana, the artist selects the container and the driftwood based on the seasonal flower and line material (if appropriate), thinking ahead that no kenzan or kubari are used. Chabana designs are appropriate outside the tearoom, such as many places in the home.

Oseika
Seika style evolved as a simplified and smaller version of the Ikenobo Rikka, albeit more formal than the Nageire.  Possibilities for variation were virtually limitless in relation to line and floral materials, as well as containers used.  In 1766, a book whose title translates to, “A Look at Today’s Popular Seika Styles,” mentioned Shofu School as one of the popular schools of the time that had its own interpretation of the Seika style. The practice has continued to this day in creations in moribana suiban or tall Nageire containers.  In Banmi Shofu Ryu, however, the style is referred to as Oseika (adding the "O" before Seika indicates respectfulness or honorable).  Examples are in images below:

Special or seasonal designs

Boat designs are used for departure or arrival wishes, adapted by Banmi Shofu Ryu from classic Ikenobo principles, and uses a boat-shaped container that may sit on a table or hang from a hook. The wish message is determined by the direction of the “oar” (nagashi) or a long sweeping material or branch. An oar that sweeps to the right of the viewer means a departing boat (De-Fune), and therefore a farewell or bon voyage wish. The opposite sweep direction indicates a welcome or a wish for a safe return (Iri-Fune).  Placement of floral and line materials follow the same rules for shin, soe and uke branches. Note that whether or not the boat is hanging or sitting on a surface, the arrangement should be at eye level so that the water cannot be seen. Otherwise, this will suggest a leaking boat. Sato, S. (2012). Ikebana: The art of arranging flowers.Tuttle Publishing.

Morimono designs

Morimono designs are relics of Buddhist traditions of laying flower and fruit offerings, especially during the harvest season. This is much like Thanksgiving in the United States, but instead of using a cornucopia or a horn of plenty, artists use an Ikebana container. Containers can be a basket, a wooden structure, a tray, or a typical suiban, or an upright container. Contemporary Morimono is typically designed with fruit, fruit and flowers, fruit and vegetables, vegetables, or vegetables and flowers. Morimono style captivates beauty through the use of minimum flowers and materials.

Gendaika or freestyle designs
Gendaika or freestyle Banmi Shofu designs provide opportunities for using flowers, line materials, and driftwood in creative ways without the constraints of rules that govern other more classical designs. However, the finished creation is not a random arrangement and massing of flowers. It takes sensitivity to forms, colors, and textures and the way that they combine into a beautiful design that touches the viewer both aesthetically and emotionally.

Gendaika requires repetitive practice in following rules of engagement using similar materials, containers, tools, and developing a blueprint in one's daily patterns, habits, and routines so that measuring proportions, trimming branches and leaves, insertion of stems into the kenzan can occur without much thinking.  The participation becomes spontaneous, a medium of expression and mindfulness.  This is consistent in the way most people learn – first comes exploration, then conformity or convergence, and divergence follows.  In Ikebana, the deshi first needs to have explored materials, designs, and tools repeatedly in different variations and multiple times and settings.  This allows for mastery, patience and creativity– the driving force of Ikebana.

Hashibana style
Banmi Shofu Ryu Hashibana emerged in 2008 as a Banmi Shofu Ryu style. Tradition challenges a new headmaster or iemoto with establishing identity and consistency.  Maintaining fidelity to the philosophy and kaden (rules of flower engagement) of the school, a new iemoto is required to project an identity that is distinct, yet identifiable with the school's style.  Bessie Banmi Fooks' signature was the use of driftwood in all designs. Ric Bansho Carrasco's identity is associated with continuing that legacy in addition to the Hashibana style.  Conceptually, the style is the symbolic bridge (hashi) of flowers (bana) between 6th century traditions and Ikebana of the millennium. It is the link between the classic styles that evolved through generations from the founding Samurai to contemporary designs.

Hashibana comes in three expressions: Hashibana Maru, Hashibana Uate, and Hashibana Saba. While there are specific rules in the use of flowers and line materials when creating the three expressions, the more obvious distinctions are in the containers used. Hashibana maru (round) uses globular, round containers with a smaller opening on top or on another part of the container.  Hashibana uate (rectangular) use narrow, tall and wide containers. Hashibana saba use containers like Hashibana uate but are shorter, so they have the appearance of a long boat whether angular or rounded.

References

External links

 Official homepage

Category:Kadō schools


Lavdrim Muhaxheri

Lavdrim Muhaxheri (; 1989 or ca. 1987 – 8 June 2017), also known by the nom de guerre Abu Abdullah al Kosova, was a Kosovo Albanian Islamic State (IS) leader and recruiter of ethnic Albanian jihadi foreign fighters fighting in Syria and in Iraq. A former KFOR and NATO employee, he became an extremist and left for Syria in late 2012. He has appeared in several propaganda videos, calling Albanians to join jihad, and has uploaded photographs of himself appearing to decapitate a man, as well as a video where he kills a captive with a rocket. On 24 September 2014, the U.S. Department of State designated Muhaxheri as a global terrorist.

On 8 June 2017, without providing further details, Muhaxheri's death was announced by his family and police in Kosovo. He was allegedly killed in a U.S. airstrike.

Early life
Lavdrim Muhaxheri, a Kosovo Albanian Muslim, was born on 12 March 1989 (according to Interpol) or 3 December 1989 or ca. 1987 (according to UN) in Kačanik, SFR Yugoslavia. Muhaxheri grew up during the Kosovo War (1998–99). He worked at Kosovo Force (KFOR) camp "Camp Bondsteel" in Ferizaj until 2010, when he was promoted to a NATO training camp in Afghanistan.

Muhaxheri served with NATO at a training camp in Afghanistan between 2010 and 2012, then returned to Kosovo. In late 2012, he became associated with extremist Islamist associations, first with a local organization, "Parimi", which then established the Islamic Youth-Kaçanik organization, in which he was appointed emir (military leader). The organization was formed within the Islamic Community of Kosova (ICK). His friends told media that he had not been radical prior to joining the Islamist associations. Muhaxheri claimed in Facebook posts at the time that he controlled the appointment of the imam at the Kaçanik Mosque, the center of a conflict between radicals and traditional locals. He also threatened to kill people who criticized Kosovo Albanians going to Syria to fight.

Militant activity
Arriving in Syria in late 2012, he joined the Syrian Civil War as a mujahid and became a leader of a unit of ethnic Albanian mujahideen, connected to the al-Nusra Front. He returned to Kosovo in 2013, and was present at the 2013 Ramadan festival, as part of the Islamic Community of Kosova, in Kačanik, as evidenced by photographs. He then returned to Syria the same year, becoming a mujahideen leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, or IS), directly reporting to IS caliph Abu al-Baghdadi, leading a platoon of ethnic Albanian fighters. Muhaxheri is a link between the IS and ethnic Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, and Macedonia. Some 500 ethnic Albanians from the Western Balkans fight for the IS, out of whom 232 are from Kosovo (May 2015). Muhaxheri has been described as an "intelligent and an experienced military strategist".

In October 2013, Muhaxheri appeared in a video calling Albanians to join their fight. In the IS propaganda film Clanging of the Swords IV, he is seen alongside other Albanians from Albania, Macedonia, Kosovo, brandishing a sword and then destroying their passports. The film, posted on 17 May 2014, is an "extremely violent hour-long film", whose "production style is reminiscent of Hollywood blockbusters".

On 29 July 2014, Muhaxheri uploaded photos to a Facebook page where he is seen beheading an unidentified young man in Syria. In an interview with the Albanian daily "Dita", posted on 2 August 2014, Muhaxheri said that the man was a 19-year-old spy, and that he had acted according to the Quran. On 15 August 2014, Interpol received an international warrant request from Kosovo authorities.

On 18 August 2014, Iraqi Kurdish media channel KNNC reported that Muhaxheri had been killed and published photos allegedly showing his dead body. Muhaxheri's friend denied the claims of his death, while Muhaxheri's Facebook page was deleted, leading to speculations whether Muhaxheri was alive. In late August, Kosovo authorities arrested forty citizens suspected of engaging in the conflicts in Syria and Iraq, including several imams within the Islamic Community of Kosova, in an effort to suppress radical Islamism and Wahhabism. Muhaxheri's actions prompted a new EULEX law prohibiting the teaching of Wahhabism in Kosovo.  On 24 September 2014, the U.S. Department of State designated Muhaxheri a global terrorist.

In another video published by activist group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently (RSS) on 21 May 2015, Lavdrim Muhaxheri is seen firing a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) at a captive in Syria. It is unclear if it is a new or old video; a RSS activist believed it to be new, while an Albanian researcher questioned that it was a new video that proved he was still alive, while another analyst said it was at least newer than August 2014. In the video, Muhaxheri interrogates the captive, who says that he had killed two IS fighters with a RPG; Muhaxheri condemns the captive to death by RPG as well. Afterwards, the militants are seen kicking the corpse and celebrating.

Muhaxheri was last reported to be in Syria in 2015. On 29 August 2015, an IS propaganda video promoting the new currency was published, in which Muhaxheri is seen handling golden coins (dinars). Several ethnic Albanian jihadists living in Italy, with connections to Muhaxheri, were arrested by Italian police in November 2015. On 29 December 2015 it was reported that he was in Iraq, according to photographs posted on Twitter.

Between 4 and 16 November 2016, eighteen Kosovo Albanians and one Macedonian Albanian were arrested suspected of planning terrorist attacks in Kosovo and Albania. They were coordinated by Muhaxheri and fellow IS fighter Ridvan Haqifi. According to the prosecution, the terrorist group planned attacks on international and state institutions, ultimately with the intent to establish an Islamic state. They planned to attack the Israeli football team during a match in Albania.

Death
On 8 June 2017, Kosovo police and his family said that Muhaxheri was killed in the Middle East without providing further details. According to local media reports, citing Kosovar Interior Ministry sources, it was indicated that he was killed in a U.S. airstrike.

Annotations

References

Sources

External links

Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members
Category:NATO personnel
Category:Kosovan Islamists
Category:Kosovan Muslims
Category:Kosovo Albanians
Category:1989 births
Category:People from Kaçanik
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Islamic terrorism in Europe


Fairview, Georgia

Fairview is a census-designated place (CDP) in Walker County, Georgia, United States. The population was 6,601 at the 2000 census and 6,769 in 2010. It is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography

Fairview is located at  (34.934700, -85.288546).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 6,601 people, 2,568 households and 1,931 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 879.7 per square mile (339.8/km²). There were 2,734 housing units at an average density of 364.4/sq mi (140.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.56% White, 5.18% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 2,568 households of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.00.

24.3% of residents were under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median household income was $33,894 and the median family income was $40,379. Males had a median income of $30,015 versus $22,155 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,687. About 7.2% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

References

Category:Census-designated places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Census-designated places in Walker County, Georgia
Category:Chattanooga metropolitan area


Carrozzeria Scaglietti

Carrozzeria Scaglietti () was an Italian automobile design and coachbuilding company active in the 1950s.  It was founded by Sergio Scaglietti in 1951 as an automobile repair concern, but was located across the road from Ferrari in Maranello outside Modena, Italy.

Scaglietti gained Enzo Ferrari's trust and respect both through his bodywork and design skills and for providing a retreat for young Dino Ferrari. Their professional relationship began when Ferrari asked Scaglietti to repair and modify race car bodywork in the late 1940s, which was soon followed by orders for full car bodies in the early 1950s. Scaglietti and Dino Ferrari designed a 166 MM, s/n  0050M, the first Ferrari to have a "headrest" bump. This feature was subsequently used on most racing Ferraris of the 1950s and 1960s. The idea was initially despised by Enzo but championed by Dino, and 0050M's design became an overall success. The car became a prototype for the Monza range.

In the mid-1950s, Scaglietti became the Carrozzeria of choice for Ferrari's racing efforts. Many sports racing prototypes were designed and manufactured at their facility. All those exclusively designed by Scaglietti carried the Scaglietti & C. badge while cars built to outside designs did not. The company's 1958 250 Testa Rossa, with its Formula One-inspired pontoon fenders, is one of the most famous Scaglietti designs. Several of Ferrari's most coveted models such as the 250 California Spyder, 250 GTO and 250 Tour de France were built by Scaglietti to a Pinin Farina design.

Today, the former Scaglietti works is owned by Ferrari and used to produce Ferrari's current line of aluminium bodied cars, including the 488 and F12, using both modern and traditional techniques. In 2002, a special edition of the 456, the 456M GT Scaglietti was named in honor of Scaglietti.  This was followed by the 2004 introduction of the 612 Scaglietti, a 2+2 GT car produced until 2010. Despite names honoring Scaglietti, both the 456 and 612 were designed by Pininfarina.

Sergio Scaglietti died at his Modena home on 20 November 2011 at the age of 91.

Designs

Original Scaglietti designs include:
 1950 Ferrari 340 America Barchetta (converted from 275 S and rebodied after 1952)
 1953 Ferrari 166 MM (rebodied as Scaglietti Spyder to an Alfredo Ferrari design, s/n 0050M)
 1953 Ferrari 735 S
 1954 Ferrari 500 Mondial
 1954 Ferrari 750 Monza
 1954 Ferrari 250 Monza (one original and one further rebodied in 1957 in 'pontoon fender' spyder form)
 1954–5 Ermini 357 Sport
 1955 Ferrari 410 S (Spyders and Berlinetta Speciale)
 1955 Ferrari 857 S
 1955 Ferrari 376 S
 1955 Ferrari 735 LM
 1956 Ferrari 500 TR
 1956 Ferrari 860 Monza
 1956 Ferrari 290 MM
 1957 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Sprint Veloce Scaglietti
 1954 Ferrari 375 MM Berlinetta (s/n 0402AM)
 1957 Ferrari 410 Superamerica Coupé (s/n 0671SA)
 1957 Ferrari 290 S, 315 S and 335 S
 1958 Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa
 1958 Ferrari 312S/412 S
 1958–9 Chevrolet Corvette Scaglietti Coupe
 1967 Ferrari 275 GTS/4 NART Spyder

Bodies executed to a third party design:
 1956 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta
 1957 Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder
 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO
 1963 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta Lusso
 1963 Ferrari 250 LM
 1964 Ferrari 275 GTB
 1968–74 Dino 206 & 246
 1968 Ferrari 365 GTB/4 'Daytona'

Gallery

Footnotes

References

External links
 Coachbuild.com Encyclopedia: Scaglietti

Scaglietti
Category:Ferrari


Lure

Lure may refer to:

Objects
 Lure (falconry), a chase object used in falconry
 Fishing lure, an object to attract fish
 Lur or Lure, a musical instrument

Geography

Albania
 Lurë, a municipality in the Dibër district, in Albania
 Lurë National Park

France
 Lure, Haute-Saône, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 Arrondissement of Lure, an arrondissement in the department of Haute-Saône
 Luré, a commune in the Loire department

United States
 Lake Lure, North Carolina

Film and television
The Lure (1914 film), an American melodrama on prostitution
The Lure (1933 film), a 1933 British film
The Lure (2015 film), a 2015 Polish film
"The Lure", a 1967 episode of Gunsmoke

Books
The Lure, a 1912 book by Lady E. S. Drower
The Lure, a 1979 book by Felice Picano
The Lure, a 2002 book by  Bill Napier
Lure, a 2003 book by Dilys Rose
The Lure, a 2014 book by  Lynne Ewing

Other uses
 Lure (horse), a racehorse
 Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique, the operator of the SOLEIL synchrotron in Orsay, France

See also
 Bouhans-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 Caudal luring, a form of aggressive mimicry in snakes
 Frotey-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 La Neuvelle-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 Lur, Iran (disambiguation)
 Lure coursing, a sport for dogs that involves chasing a mechanically operated lure
 Lurs, people of Iran who speak the Luri language
 Lurs (disambiguation)
 Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune in France
 Montagne de Lure, a mountain range in France
 Vy-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône


Stephen Stuchbury

Stephen Stuchbury (born 22 June 1954 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England) is an English former first-class cricketer, who played three first-class matches, and 22 List A one day games, for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1978 and 1981.

Career
A left arm medium bowler, he took eight wickets at 29.50, with a best of 3 for 82 against Lancashire in a Roses Match.  A left-handed batsman, he scored seven runs with a best of four not out.  He was more successful in one day cricket, taking 29 wickets at 23.34, with a best of 5 for 16 against Leicestershire.  He scored 21 one day runs, with a best of 9 for an average of 5.25.

He also played for the Yorkshire Second XI from 1976 to 1978, and Yorkshire Under-25s from 1973 to 1978.

References

External links
Cricinfo Profile

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:Yorkshire cricketers
Category:Cricketers from Sheffield
Category:English cricketers
Category:English cricketers of 1969 to 2000


James Joyce (biography)

James Joyce by Richard Ellmann was published in 1959 (a revised edition was released in 1982). It provides an intimate and detailed account of the life of Irish modernist James Joyce, which informs an understanding of this author's complex works.

Reception
Anthony Burgess was so impressed with the biographer's work that he claimed it to be "the greatest literary biography of the century." Edna O'Brien, the Irish novelist, remarked that "H. G. Wells said that Finnegans Wake was an immense riddle, and people find it too difficult to read. I have yet to meet anyone who has read and digested the whole of it—except perhaps my friend Richard Ellmann." Ellmann quotes extensively from Finnegans Wake as epigraphs in his biography of Joyce.

References

Category:1959 non-fiction books
Category:Works about James Joyce
Category:Irish biographies
Category:Biographies about writers


Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

The Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory () is the only underground particle physics laboratory in Hong Kong. It is situated between the two vehicular tunnel tubes, behind Gates 2 and 5 of Aberdeen Tunnel on Hong Kong Island.

History
Commissioned by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) after an assessment of all existing tunnels in Hong Kong, the location of the Aberdeen Tunnel, then under construction in the valley between Mount Cameron and Mount Nicholson, was deemed the most suitable site for undertaking particle physics experimentation. Funded entirely by HKU, construction work on the laboratory was completed in 1980.

The laboratory was practically abandoned after HKU researchers completed their experiments, as no other experiments of a similar nature made further use of the facility. However, in 2006, HKU and the Chinese University of Hong Kong petitioned the Aberdeen Tunnel administration for permission to reuse the laboratory, in order to participate in a Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment by the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. Due to the high amount of traffic through the tunnel, researchers only have access to the laboratory 3 to 4 times per week, mostly during late night and early morning hours. During these experiments, maintenance and cleaning operations within the tunnel have to be suspended, and all traffic is rerouted through one tunnel tube.

Collaborators

References

External links
Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment & Aberdeen Cosmic Ray Muon-induced Neutron Experiment
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120622211339/http://hk.news.yahoo.com/video/topstory-19458512/title-29722229.html

Category:Particle physics facilities
Category:Underground laboratories
Category:Science and technology in Hong Kong
Category:Subterranean Hong Kong
Category:University of Hong Kong
Category:Chinese University of Hong Kong
Category:Laboratories in China


Glen Benton

Glen Benton (born June 18, 1967) is an American death metal musician. He is best known as the lead vocalist and bassist for the death metal band Deicide and was also a part of the band Vital Remains, where he has performed in recording sessions as well as live with them on a few occasions. He is currently collaborating with Egyptian artist Nader Sadek on his next record "The Malefic: Chapter II". He is known for very low guttural growls as well as very high shrieks.

Biography
Benton was born in Niagara Falls, New York but was raised in Tampa, Florida. It was here on July 21, 1987, after guitarist Brian Hoffman replied to Benton's advertisement in a local music magazine, Deicide was formed. Within days the band, consisting of Benton (bass/vocals), Hoffman, Hoffman's brother Eric (guitars) and Steve Asheim (drums), was named "Amon", after the Egyptian deity. Within a month, Amon had recorded the crude Feasting the Beast 8-track demo in Benton's garage and had started playing the occasional gig in the Tampa area. In 1989, Amon recorded their second demo, Sacrificial, at Morrisound with producer Scott Burns. Benton also collaborated on Mexican metal band Transmetal's album el infierno de dante with the choruses, under the production of Scott Burns in Morrisound, which almost sold 100,000 copies.

In May 2015 Benton was endorsed by ESP guitars, and has been using a custom made EX bass with a reverse headstock and EMG pick-ups since then. He has also used Phoenix and Stream bass models.

Satanism
Benton is known for his Satanist and Anti-Christian beliefs and views of "today's corrupt religious systems." He is renowned for an inverted cross he has repeatedly branded into his forehead over the years. According to Steve Asheim, this act was likely in response to previous press attention the band received when Brian Hoffman burned an inverted cross into his arm with a cigarette.

Despite having claimed in an interview he shares a "spiritual link" with Lucifer, who tells him "what to say and what to write about," the nature of Benton's 'Satanism' is obscure and a subject of controversy, particularly due to allegations by former Deicide guitarist Eric Hoffman, who dismissed it as insincere and spurious. In early years, Benton was ostensibly a theistic satanist; he implied he had held the belief of the Christian God but worshipped Satan instead. Thus, his beliefs have been questioned by followers of Anton LaVey's Church of Satan, which Benton has blasted on the grounds it is an organized religion, promoting what he perceives to be "Hollywood Satanism".

Arguably, Benton's claims have always been tongue-in-cheek as his purported "Satanism" has since largely been defined as vehement anti-Christian atheism complemented with theatrics suitable for the band. In the July 2008 issue of Revolver Magazine, Benton stated there was no ideological agenda in Deicide and the music was first and foremost.

Controversy

Sacrificial Suicide
The self-titled 1990 debut album of his group Deicide featured a song entitled "Sacrificial Suicide", in which Benton was alleged to have claimed that in order to achieve a life opposite that of Jesus he planned to commit suicide at age 33. This claim that he would commit suicide at the age of 33 continued throughout the 1990s. However, he passed that age in 2000 and did not commit suicide. In 2006, he stated that these statements had been "asinine remarks" and that "only cowards and losers" choose to kill themselves.

Religious beliefs
In the early-to-mid-1990s, Benton was a frequent opponent guest to Christian radio shows, such as Bob Larson's "Talk Back" show. Though a serious discussion rarely took place on the program, the exchanges between the two mainly consisted of taunts from Benton and tongue-in-cheek teasing. Larson continually invited Benton to his talk show, but Benton often declined.

Animal abuse allegations
In 1993, newspapers reported that Benton had expressed an interest in, and participated in, the burning of live rodents such as rats and squirrels. During an interview with NME Magazine, Benton shot a squirrel with a pellet gun: Benton explained it was to prevent any further damage to his electrical system and other contents in the attic of his home where the interview was held. The publicity led to an attempted bomb attack on Benton during Deicide's Legion tour at the International 2 in Manchester, England, by an animal rights organization. Benton was also beaten up in Bradford. A similar attack was attempted at a previous show in Stockholm, where a supposed small fire bomb was set to detonate during Deicide's set. No one was injured, but the bomb damaged the venue. The bomb was reported to be an M-80. The tour was curtailed.

Personal life
Benton has an interest in motorcycles, which can be seen in the music videos for the Deicide songs "Scars of the Crucifix" and "Conviction." He also has two sons, Daemon Michael Benton and Vinnie Benton. Although Deicide is a death metal band, Benton prefers not to use the "death metal" terminology.

Discography

With Deicide
 As Amon; Feasting the Beast demo (1987)
 As Amon; Sacrificial demo (1989)
 Deicide (1990)
 Legion (1992)
 Amon: Feasting the Beast compilation (1993)
 Once Upon the Cross (1995)
 Serpents of the Light (1997)
 When Satan Lives live album (1998)
 Insineratehymn (2000)
 In Torment in Hell (2001)
 The Best of Deicide compilation (2003)
 Scars of the Crucifix (2004)
 When London Burns DVD (2006)
 The Stench of Redemption (2006)
 Doomsday L.A. live EP/DVD (2007)
 Till Death Do Us Part (2008)
 To Hell with God (2011)
 In the Minds of Evil (2013)
 Overtures of Blasphemy (2018)

With Vital Remains
 Dechristianize (2003)
 Icons of Evil (2007)

Guest appearances
 Cannibal Corpse, Eaten Back to Life (1990); backing vocals on "Mangled" and "A Skull Full of Maggots"
 Napalm Death, Harmony Corruption (1990); backing vocals on "Unfit Earth"
 Cancer, Death Shall Rise (1991); backing vocals on "Hung, Drawn and Quartered"
 Cannibal Corpse, Butchered at Birth (1991); backing vocals on "Vomit the Soul"
 Transmetal, Dante's Inferno (1993); backing vocals on "Dante's Inferno" and "Hymn for Him"
 Roadrunner United (2005); vocals on "Annihilation by the Hands of God"
 Roadrunner United Live Concert DVD (2008); vocals on Obituary's "The End Complete" and Deicide's "Dead By Dawn".
 Belphegor, Conjuring the Dead (2014); additional vocals on "Legions of Destruction"

References

External links
 Deicide (official site)
 Deicide: sons of Satan, The Metal Forge, 2006-10-16

Category:1967 births
Category:American heavy metal bass guitarists
Category:American male bass guitarists
Category:American heavy metal singers
Category:American Theistic Satanists
Category:Anti-Christian sentiment in the United States
Category:Critics of Christianity
Category:Death metal musicians
Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from Tampa, Florida
Category:Obscenity controversies in music
Category:20th-century American guitarists
Category:Deicide (band) members
Category:Musicians from Niagara Falls, New York
Category:Italian American heavy metal musicians


Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

The Centre for History in Public Health (CHiPH) is an academic research centre at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of London. It specializes in historical research into public health and health services, and advocates the use of history within public health policy making.

History and purpose
The Centre began as the "AIDS Social History Programme" in 1988, funded by the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust. From 1990 onwards, the programme's historical work began to expand, and from 1997 the Wellcome Trust funded "Science Speaks to Policy", a project programme drawing on the AIDS work's concerns. The School's 'History Group' was awarded Centre status in 2002 and became the Centre for History in Public Health in 2003, with members of other departments of the School on its management committee.

Today, the Centre is a rare example of historians working in medical or public health settings. It carries out research in order to both contribute to the historical discipline, and develop historical understanding in public health policy making. Its emphasis on recent health policy is relatively unusual within the field of history of medicine, which has recently tended to shift towards social and cultural history.  The Director of the Centre is Professor Virginia Berridge.

Research
The Centre's research focus is largely on public health from the mid to late twentieth century and health services in the inter- and post-war period. Its research programme includes:

 The recent history of public health at local, national and international levels
 Substance use history: drugs, alcohol, smoking
 Health services in the twentieth century
 Research resource development
 Witness seminars
 History and policy

Teaching, public and policy engagement
As well as supervising PhD students in medical history, the CHiPH runs a History and Health module at Masters level. This offers an introductory survey of the history of public health and health services in the UK and internationally, providing training in competencies necessary for the UK Faculty of Public Health examinations.

The Centre also runs a regular programme of public and policy engagement activities funded by the Wellcome Trust. These include seminars, conferences, and workshops, witness seminars, film screenings, and history walks of Bloomsbury.

Funding
The Centre is the recipient of a five-year infrastructure award (known as an 'enhancement award') from the Wellcome Trust for the period 2009-2014, which supports its core interests in public health, health services and health consumerism. The Centre has also received additional funding through external research grants from organisations including the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Clinical Excellence.

Networks and collaborations
The Centre for History in Public Health has strong ties with the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health (EAHMH), which aims to foster research and the international exchange of views on issues concerning health and medicine in Europe and their connections with the extra-European world. The Centre is also a partner organization of History and Policy, a project based at the Institute of Contemporary British History at King's College, London, which brings historians, policy makers and the media together to increase the influence of historical research on current policy.

See also
 Centre for the History of Science and Technology, University of Manchester
 Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, Imperial College, London
 UCL Centre for the History of Medicine
 Medical humanities

References

External links
 Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
 Wellcome Trust

Category:London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Category:Schools of public health
Category:History of medicine in the United Kingdom
Category:Health policy


Yamina Méchakra

Yamina Méchakra  (1949 Meskiana – 2013 Algiers) was an Algerian novelist and psychiatrist.

Early life

Méchakra was born in 1949 in Meskiana in northern Aures. At age nine, she began writing; taking notes in a "log-book" that grew over time. Two events profoundly marked her childhood: her father was tortured by the French during the Algerian Civil War before her eyes, exposed in the street, attached to the barrel of a tank. Little more is known of her life, although Kateb Yacine wrote in the preface to her book that she had a "cruel and troubled life".

Career

Méchakra began writing her first novel in 1973, while studying psychiatry at the University of Algiers. Her university thesis in literature was devoted to Apuleius of Madaurus. In Algiers, she met Kateb Yacine before his departure for Rome and Paris. Yamina Méchakra followed Yachine's style in writing, who gave her extended advice and guidance. She needed to rewrite three times to finish her first book, and "La Grotte éclatée" was published in 1979. Yamina Mechakra argued that women was the source of the nation and the founding of an independent state. Referring to the Berber queen known as La Kahina, Kateb Yacine titled his preface of the novel as The Children of Kahina.

While she continued to write during the succeeding years, but did not publish, confiding to a reporter that she lost her manuscripts. In 1997, when she treated a young boy as a psychiatrist, she was inspired writing her second novel Arris, which was published in 1999. Yamina Mechakra is also a committed author who supported the importance of a cultural revolution in Algeria in the process of decolonization.

Death

She died in Algiers on May 19, 2013, at the age of 64, following a long illness. On May 20, 2013, a memorial was held at the Palace of Culture, and she was buried the same day in the cemetery of Sidi Yahia.

Works

Notes

References

External links
Yamina Mechakra Untranslated, written by Jill Jarvis and published by Academia, Inc.
Remnants of Empire in Algeria and Vietnam: Women, Words and War review by Claire Eldridge, University of St Andrews. Oxford Journals, Arts & Humanities (French History), volume 21, issue 3, pp. 372–373.

Category:Algerian women writers
Category:Algerian writers
Category:Algerian novelists
Category:Women novelists
Category:20th-century novelists
Category:20th-century women writers
Category:People from Oum El Bouaghi Province
Category:University of Algiers alumni
Category:Algerian psychiatrists
Category:1949 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:Women psychiatrists


Mordella lunulata

Mordella lunulata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1865.

References

Category:Beetles described in 1865
lunulata


Walter Giesler

Walter John Giesler (September 6, 1910 – July 7, 1976) was an American soccer player, administrator, and coach.

Early life and career
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Giesler would become a towering figure on the Midwestern sports landscape. After playing at McBride High School, he would compete in several amateur and professional leagues, including the Ben Millers in the St. Louis Soccer League.

U.S. Soccer
Following his playing days, he became an administrator and referee, and owned a sporting goods business in St. Louis. Giesler was the second vice-president of the United States Soccer Football Association, serving from 1945 to 1948. He was then elected president and served in that capacity from 1948 until 1949. Giesler coached the United States men's national soccer team during the 1948 Olympic Games in London and the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.

Giesler was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1962 and the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame in 1971. In 1972 he was the general manager of the St. Louis Frogs of the ASL.

He died in Philadelphia on July 5, 1976 during the induction of the United States 1950 World Cup soccer team into the U.S. Soccer Hall of Fame.

References

Cirino, Antonio (Tony) - US Soccer Vs The World, Damon Press 1983 -

External links
NSHOF Bio

Category:1910 births
Category:1976 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from St. Louis
Category:Soccer players from Missouri
Category:American sports businesspeople
Category:American soccer players
Category:St. Louis Soccer League players
Category:St. Louis Ben Millers players
Category:American soccer coaches
Category:National Soccer Hall of Fame members
Category:Presidents of the United States Soccer Federation
Category:United States men's national soccer team managers
Category:20th-century American businesspeople
Category:Association footballers not categorized by position


It's a Man's Man's Man's World (album)

It's a Man's Man's Man's World is a compilation album by American musician James Brown. It consists of tracks from his period with the King label, as well as the tracks "The Scratch" (previously released in 1961), as well as "It's a Man's Man's Man's World", "Is It Yes or Is It No?", and Ain't That a Groove (Parts 1 and 2), all released on singles in 1966. The album was released in August 1966, by King.

Track listing

References

Category:1966 albums
Category:James Brown albums
Category:King Records (United States) albums


Cimino (surname)

Cimino ( , ) is an Italian surname that may refer to:
Cimino family in Italy
Anthony J. Cimino (born 1947), American politician
Chris Cimino, American meteorologist on TV news programs
Cristina Cimino (born 1964), Italian rhythmic gymnast
James Cimino (1928–2010), American endocrinologist
James J. Cimino, American physician-scientist and biomedical informatician
Jay Cimino, American entrepreneur 2018
Joe Cimino (born c. 1969), Canadian politician
Cimino fistula, an arteriovenous fistula named after James
Leonardo Cimino (1917–2012), American film, television and stage actor
Michael Cimino (1939–2016), American film director, screenwriter, producer, and author
Pete Cimino (born 1942), American baseball player
T. Rafael Cimino (born 1963), American novelist and screenwriter

See also
Cimini (surname)

Category:Italian-language surnames


Dwarf black-bellied salamander

The dwarf black-bellied salamander (Desmognathus folkertsi) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.
It is endemic to the United States.

Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rivers.

References

Category:Amphibians of the United States
Category:Desmognathus
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Category:Amphibians described in 2002


Goodsall's rule

Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course. A perianal skin opening anterior to the transverse anal line is usually associated with a radial fistulous tract.

Or in more direct terms, it means that anterior-opening fistulas tend to follow a simple, direct course while posterior-opening fistulas may follow a devious, curving path with some even being horseshoe-shaped before opening in the posterior midline.

Fistulas can be described as anterior or posterior relating to a line drawn in the coronal plane across the anus, the so-called transverse anal line. Anterior fistulas will have a direct track into the anal canal. Posterior fistulas will have a curved track with their external opening lying in the posterior midline of the anal canal. An exception to the rule are anterior fistulas lying more than 3.75 cm from the anus, which may have a curved track (similar to posterior fistulas) that opens into the posterior midline of the anal canal.

Goodsall's rule may not be applicable when the fistula is more than 3.75 cm from the anal verge. In such situations, the fistula is almost always indirect. In situations where there are multiple anal fistulae, the course would be similar to that of posterior-opening fistulae because of branching and communication between these openings.

The investigation of choice for anal fistulas is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fistulograms can be used to demonstrate the track of the fistula.

Goodsall's rule is named after David Henry Goodsall who described it in 1900.

References
Perianal sepsis at Surgical Tutor

Category:Colorectal surgery
Category:Rules


Saint Petersburg Conservatory

The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory () is a high school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2004, the conservatory had around 275 faculty members and 1,400 students.

History

The conservatory was founded in 1862 by Anton Rubinstein, a Russian pianist and composer. On his resignation in 1867, he was succeeded by Nikolai Zaremba. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was appointed as a professor in 1871, and the conservatory has borne his name since 1944. In 1887, Rubinstein returned to the conservatory with the goal of improving overall standards. He revised the curriculum, expelled inferior students, fired and demoted many professors, and made entrance and examination requirements more stringent. In 1891, he resigned again over the Imperial demand of racial quotas.

The current building was erected in the 1890s on the site of the old Bolshoi Theatre of Saint Petersburg, and it still preserves its grand staircase and landing. As the city changed its name in the 20th century, the conservatory was duly renamed Petrograd Conservatory (Петроградская консерватория) and Leningrad Conservatory (Ленинградская консерватория).

The school alumni have included such notable composers as Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Artur Kapp, and Rudolf Tobias and Dmitri Shostakovich, who taught at the conservatory during the 1960s, bringing it additional fame. Amongst his pupils were German Okunev and Boris Tishchenko.

Composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov taught at the conservatory for almost forty years, and his bronze monument is located outside the building in Theatre Square.

The youngest musician ever admitted to the conservatory was four-year-old violinist Clara Rockmore, who later became one of the world's foremost theremin players.

Directors and rectors

 Anton Rubinstein (1862–1867 and 1887–1891)
 Nikolai Zaremba (1867–1871)
 Mikhail Azanchevsky (1871–1876)
 Karl Davydov (1876–1887)
 Julius Johansen (1891–1897)
 Auguste Bernhard (1897–1905)
 Alexander Glazunov (1905–1928) (formally 1930) – rector
 A. Mashirov (1930–1933)
 Veniamin Buchstein (1935–1936)
 Boris Zagursky (1936–1939) – rector
 Pavel Serebryakov (1939–1952, 1962–1977)
 Yuri Briushkov (1952–1962)
 Yuri Bolshiyanov (1977–1979)
 Vladislav Chernushenko (1979–2002)
 Sergei Roldugin (2002–2004)
 Alexander Chaikovsky (2004–2008)
 Sergei Stadler (2008–2011)
 Mikhail Gantvarg (2011–2015)
 Aleksey Vasilyev (since 2015)

Notable faculty

 Boris Abalyan (conducting)
 Leopold Auer (violin)
 Vladimir Bakaleinikov (viola)
 Louis Brassin (piano)
 Vitaly Buyanovsky (French Horn)
 Georgiy Ginovker (cello, chamber music)
 Edouard Grikurov (conducting)
 Artur Lemba (piano)
 Theodor Leschetizky (piano)
 Nikolai Malko (conducting)
 Ilya Musin (conducting)
 Leonid Nikolayev (piano)
 Cesare Pugni (violin, counterpoint, composition)
 Alexander Radvilovich (composition)
 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (composition, orchestration)
 Anton Rubinstein (piano, the history of piano literature)
 Nikolai Tcherepnin (conducting)
 Boris Tischenko (composition)
 Dmitri Shostakovich (composition)
 Sergei Slonimsky (composition)
 Aleksandr Verzhbilovich (cello)
 Zino Vinnikov (violin)
 Jāzeps Vītols (composition)
 Hieronymus Weickmann (viola)
 Henryk Wieniawski (violin)
 Alexander Winkler (piano)
 Anna Yesipova (piano)
 Nikolai Zaremba (composition, harmony)
 Anatoly Zatin (composition, orchestration, chamber music)
 Leah Zelikhman (piano)

Notable graduates

 Anton Arensky - composer
 George Balanchine – choreographer
 Alexander Barantschik - violin
 Richard Burgin – violinist, conductor
 Semyon Bychkov - composer
 Leonid Desyatnikov – composer
 Peter Chernobrivets – composer, musicologist
 Sergei Diaghilev – impresario
 Sandra Drouker - pianist
 Heino Eller – composer
 Valery Gergiev – conductor
 Jascha Heifetz – violinist
 Alexander Ilyinsky
 Mariss Jansons – conductor
 Alfrēds Kalniņš – composer, organist
 Artur Kapp – composer
 Yuri Khanon – composer, writer, laureate of the European Film Awards.
 Eduard Khil – singer
 Gustav Kross - pianist
 Miroslav Kultyshev
 Nadine Koutcher – opera singer
 Eugene Levinson - Double bassist
 Anatoly Lyadov
 Sasha Mäkilä – Finnish conductor
 Witold Maliszewski
 Nathan Milstein – violinist
 Nevsky String Quartet
 Nikolai Obukhov – composer
 Leo Ornstein – composer
 Sergei Prokofiev – composer
 Nadia Reisenberg - pianist
 Clara Rockmore
 Ilya Serov - trumpeter
 Don Shirley - pianist, arranger, composer
 Dmitri Shostakovich – composer
 Vladimir Sofronitsky – pianist
 Grigory Sokolov – pianist
 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – composer
 Yuri Temirkanov – conductor
 Dimitri Tiomkin – pianist, composer
 Zino Vinnikov – violinist
 Solomon Volkov – musicologist
 Ivan Yershov – singer
 Anna Yesipova – pianist
 Mikhail Youdin – composer
 Maria Yudina – pianist
 David Serero - opera singer
 Anatoly Zatin - composer, pianist, conductor
 Valery Zhelobinsky – pianist, composer
 Efrem Zimbalist - violinist
 Leonid Balay - composer

References

External links

 Official website (in Russian, French and English)
 Documentary A Music Lesson on Saint Petersburg Conservatory

Category:Educational institutions established in 1862
Category:1862 establishments in the Russian Empire