Forma Urbis Romae

The  Forma Urbis Romae  or Severan Marble Plan is a massive marble map of ancient Rome, created under the emperor Septimius Severus between 203 and 211. Scholar Matteo Cadario gives specific years of 205–208, noting that the map was based on property records.

It originally measured 18 m (60 ft) wide by 13 m (45 ft) high and was carved into 150 Proconnesian marble slabs mounted on an interior wall of the Temple of Peace.

Created at a scale of approximately 1 to 240 (Cadario states 1:260 to 1:270), the map was detailed enough to show the floor plans of nearly every temple, bath, and insula in the central Roman city. The boundaries of the plan were decided based on the available space on the marble, instead of by geographical or political borders as modern maps usually are.

The map was oriented with south at the top. On the map are names and plans of public buildings, streets, and private homes. The creators used signs and details like columns and staircases.

The Plan was gradually destroyed during the Middle Ages, with the marble stones being used as building materials or for making lime. In 1562, the young antiquarian sculptor Giovanni Antonio Dosio excavated fragments of the Forma Urbis from a site near the Church of SS. Cosma e Damiano, under the direction of the humanist  condottiere Torquato Conti, who had purchased excavation rights from the canons of the church. Conti made a gift of the recovered fragments to Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, who entrusted them to his librarian Onofrio Panvinio and his antiquarian Fulvio Orsini. Little interest seems to have been elicited by the marble shards.

In all about 10% of the original surface area of the plan has since been recovered, in the form of over one thousand marble fragments, which are kept in the Museo dell'Ara Pacis.

Part of the excavated plan showed a portion of the Forum of Augustus, interpreted as "a working drawing or as a proof of the existence of a more ancient Forma Urbis."

Projects
Piecing together the surviving fragments of the plan is an activity that has engrossed scholars for centuries. Renaissance scholars managed to match and identify around 250 of the pieces, usually by recognizing famous landmarks such as the Colosseum and the Circus Maximus. In the second half of the 20th century, thanks to the works and publications of Guglielmo Gatti, Lucos Cozza, and Emilio Rodríguez Almeida, several fragments of the plan have been identified and located. Other scholars (e.g. Claudia Cecamore, Filippo Coarelli, Daniele Manacorda, Domenico Palombi, Luigi Pedroni, David West Reynolds, and others) have re-interpreted the topography depicted on many fragments. A research project at Stanford University in 2002 had some success in positioning four fragments and in reassembling nine fragments with pattern recognition algorithms. Using archaeological and literary sources, since 1996 Pier Luigi Tucci (Johns Hopkins University) has positioned twenty-four fragments in five Augustan regions and has offered new interpretations of the area of the AQVEDVCTIVM on the Caelian hill, of the Republican building in opus incertum at Testaccio (with Lucos Cozza), and of the area of the Circus Flaminius (in particular, the ship of Aeneas and the earlier marble plan from the Via Anicia).

A new piece of Forma Urbis Romae that completes the words "Circus Flaminius" was uncovered in 2014 at the Palazzo Maffei Marescotti, a building owned by the Vatican.

See also

References

Sources
 Henri Jordan Forma Urbis Romae. Regionum XIIII (Berlin, 1874)
 Carettoni, Gianfilippo; Colini, Antonio; Cozza, Lucos; and Gatti, Guglielmo, eds. La pianta marmorea di Roma antica. Forma urbis Romae (Rome, 1960)
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Aggiornamento topografico dei colli Oppio, Cispio e Viminale secondo la Forma Urbis marmorea". Rendiconti della Pontificia Accademia romana di Archeologia Vol XLVIII. Anni Accademici 1975–1976,: pp. 263–278 (Roma, 1976).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Forma Urbis marmorea. Nuovi elementi di analisi e nuove ipotesi di lavoro", in Mélanges de l'École française de Rome 89/1: pp. 219–256 (Roma, 1977).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Miscellanea sulla «Forma Urbis» marmorea"; + Rodríguez Almeida, E. "Il Campo Marzio settentrionale: «Solarium» e «Pomerium»"; in Rendiconti Accademia Romana di Archeologia – III serie Vol. LI-LII. Anni Accademici 1978–1979 e 1979–1980, (Roma, 1980).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Forma Urbis Marmorea. Aggiornamento Generale" 1980, 2 vol., (Roma 1981).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Un nuovo frammento della Forma Urbis Marmorea". Analecta Romana Istituti Danici, Suppl. 10: pp. 87–92 (Roma, 1983).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Un frammento di una nuova pianta marmorea di Roma". Journal of Roman Archaeology (1): pp. 120–131 (Portsmouth, 1988).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Novità minori dalla Forma Urbis marmorea". Ostraka 1 (1): pp. 55–80, (Roma, 1992).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Diversi problemi connessi con la lastra n. 37 della Forma Urbis Marmorea e con la topografia in Circo e in Campo", in Rendiconti Accademia Romana di Archeologia, in III serie Vol. LXIV. Anno Accademico 1991–1992 (Roma, 1992).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Euristica materiale e forma marmorea: alcuni falsi problemi" + Rodríguez Almeida, E. "Aemiliana", in  Rendiconti Accademia Romana di Archeologia, III serie Vol. LXVIII. Anno Accademico 1995–1996, (Roma, 1996).
 Rodríguez Almeida, Emilio. "Forma urbis antiquae, Le mappe marmoree di Roma tra la repubblica e Settimio Severo". Collection de l'École française de Rome 305/2002, (Roma, 2002).
 Meneghini, Roberto; Santangeli Valenzani, Riccardo (eds), Formae Urbis Romae. Nuovi frammenti di piante marmoree dallo scavo dei Fori Imperiali (Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma, Suppl. 15) (Rome, 2006) 99–101 (bibliography on the Forma Urbis between 1960 and 2006)
 Tucci, Pier Luigi, ‘New fragments of ancient plans of Rome’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 20 (2007) 469-80 (a review of Meneghini – Santangeli Valenzani 2006)
 Tucci, Pier Luigi, ‘Dov’erano il tempio di Nettuno e la nave di Enea?’, Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 98 (1997) 15–42;
 Tucci, Pier Luigi, ‘Ideology and technology in Rome’s water supply: castella, the toponym AQVEDVCTIVM, and supply to the Palatine and Caelian hill’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 19 (2006) 94–120;
 Tucci, Pier Luigi (with Lucos Cozza), ‘Navalia’, Archeologia Classica 57 (2006) 175–202;
 Tucci, Pier Luigi, ‘Imagining the temple of Castor and Pollux in circo Flaminio’, in A. Leone, D. Palombi, S. Walker (eds), Res Bene Gestae. Ricerche di storia urbana su Roma antica in onore di Eva Margareta Steinby (Rome 2007) 411–425;
 Tucci, Pier Luigi,‘La controversa storia della Porticus Aemilia’, in Archeologia Classica 63 (2012) 575–591;
 Tucci, Pier Luigi,‘The Pons Sublicius: a reinvestigation’, in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 56–57 (2011–2012) 177–212. Tucci's visual analysis of the Forma Urbis, as well as his research on the role of this marble plan in the Templum Pacis, will be published in 2014 (personal communication).

External links
 Ancient World Mapping Center, Rome's Marble Plan
 Stanford Digital Forma Urbis Romae Project
 BBC news
 Rodolfo Lanciani, Forma Urbis Romae 1893–1901 Lanciani's own map of ancient Rome, printed in 46 separate plates, now outdated thanks to archaeological discoveries of the last century.

Category:Topography of the ancient city of Rome
Category:Maps of ancient Rome


Wan Rosdy

Wan Rosdy bin Wan Ismail is the fourteenth and current Menteri Besar of Malaysian state of Pahang.

Personal life
Wan Rosdy received his early education at the Clifford Primary School (1965), Sekolah Menengah Clifford and Sekolah Menengah Mahmud Raub before pursuing a Diploma in Commerce at the Institut Teknologi Mara (ITM).
He then pursued his bachelor's degree in Social Science (Political Science) at Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Married to Burhah Mohamed and has three children.

Career
Wan Rosdy began his career in the civil service as an executive with the Perak branch of the National Paddy and Rice Board (LPN) in 1985, before being appointed manager at the LPN Complex in Arau, Perlis in 1989. He has also held several posts within Bernas.

Political career
Wan Rosdy was elected as Cameron Highlands Umno division chief in 2003 has been Cameron Highlands Barisan Nasional chairperson since 2008.

In 2004, Wan Rosdy was elected as Jelai state assemblyperson and he has been serving the constituency since. He has also served as chairperson of the Pahang Orang Asli Affairs and Rural Development Committee from 2008 to 2013, before being appointed as state exco for the second term as Pahang Housing and Municipal committee chairperson in 2013.

On May 15, 2018, Wan Rosdy was sworn in as Pahang Mentri Besar.

Honours

  :
  Knight Companion of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (DIMP) - Dato' (2006)
  Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (DSAP) - Dato' (2012)
  Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) - Dato' Sri (2014)

References

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:Malaysian politicians
Category:People from Pahang
Category:Malaysian people of Malay descent
Category:Malaysian Muslims


Beta bulge

A beta bulge can be described as a localized disruption of the regular hydrogen bonding of beta sheet by inserting extra residues into one or both hydrogen bonded β-strands.

Types
β-bulges can be grouped according to their length of the disruption, the number of residues inserted into each strand, whether the disrupted β-strands are parallel or antiparallel and by their dihedral angles (which controls the placement of their side chains). Two types occur commonly. One, the classic beta bulge, occurs within, or at the edge of, antiparallel beta-sheet; the first residue at the outwards bulge typically has the αR, rather than the normal β, conformation.

The other type is the beta bulge loop (also named type G1 β-bulge), often occurs in association with an antiparallel sheet, but also in other situations. One residue has the αL conformation and is part of a beta turn or alpha turn, such that the motif sometimes forms the loop of a beta hairpin.

Effects on structure
At the level of the backbone structure, classic β-bulges can cause a simple aneurysm of the β-sheet, e.g., the bulge in the long β-hairpin of ribonuclease A (residues 88-91).  A β-bulge can also cause a β-sheet to fold over and cross itself, e.g., when two residues with left-handed and right-handed α-helical dihedral angles are inserted opposite to each other in a β-hairpin, as occurs at Met9 and Asn16 in pseudoazurin (PDB accession code 1PAZ).

Effect on Functionality of Proteins
Conserved bulges regularly affect protein functionality. The most basic function of bulges is to accommodate an extra residue added due to mutation etc., while maintaining the bonding pattern and thus the overall protein architecture. Other bulges are involved with protein binding sites. In specific cases like the Immunoglobulin family proteins, conserved bulges help dimerization of the Ig domains. They are also of functional importance in the proteins DHFR (Dihydrofolate Reductase) and SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), where loops containing bulges surround the active site.

References

Category:Protein structural motifs


Huizinge

Huizinge () is a village with a population of 100 in the municipality of Loppersum in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

On 16 August 2012, the heaviest induced earthquake in the Netherlands with a magnitude of 3.6 occurred with its epicenter in Huizinge.

References

External links

Category:Loppersum
Category:Populated places in Groningen (province)


Aleksandr Tsygankov

Aleksandr Valeryevich Tsygankov (; born 9 February 1968) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

Coaching career

Following resignation of Andrey Kobelev from manager position on November 15, 2012 Tsygankov was appointed as caretaker manager of FC Krylia Sovetov Samara for the first time. The next year, he was appointed as caretaker manager of FC Krylia Sovetov Samara after resignation of Gadzhi Gadzhiyev. After 2 games in charge, he was appointed manager of FC Krylia Sovetov Samara on a permanent deal. After 28 matchdays of 2013–14 season, though, Krylia Sovetov failed to win a single match in 2014 and were close to relegation zone, and Tsygankov resigned.

Playing career
As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1986 for FC Spartak Zhytomyr. He played 3 games in the UEFA Cup 1994–95 for FC Tekstilshchik Kamyshin.

References

External links

Category:1968 births
Category:Sportspeople from Samara, Russia
Category:Living people
Category:Soviet footballers
Category:Russian footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Association football defenders
Category:FC Polissya Zhytomyr players
Category:FC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
Category:FC Tekstilshchik Kamyshin players
Category:FC Lada Togliatti players
Category:Russian Premier League players
Category:Russian football managers
Category:FC Saturn Ramenskoye managers
Category:FC Krylia Sovetov Samara managers
Category:Russian Premier League managers


Lasbu Mahalleh

Lasbu Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Lasbū Maḩalleh) is a village in Reza Mahalleh Rural District, in the Central District of Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 256, in 77 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Rudsar County


Aminoacyl-tRNA

Aminoacyl-tRNA (also aa-tRNA or charged tRNA) is tRNA to which its cognates amino acid is chemically bonded (charged). The aa-tRNA, along with some elongation factors, deliver the amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into the polypeptide chain that is being produced. A specific cognate amino acid is charged or aminoacylated to each tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. This matching is crucial, since it ensures that only the particular amino acid matching the anticodon of the tRNA, and in turn matching the codon of the  mRNA, is used in protein synthesis.

Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, multiple tRNAs will have the same amino acid but different codons. These different tRNAs are called isoacceptors. Under certain circumstances, non-cognate amino acids will be charged, resulting in mischarged or misaminoacylated tRNA. These mischarged tRNAs must be hydrolyzed in order to prevent incorrect protein synthesis.

Synthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA is produced in two steps. First is the adenylation of the amino acid, which forms aminoacyl-AMP:
amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + PPi

Second, the amino acid residue is transferred to the tRNA:
aminoacyl-AMP + tRNA ↔ aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP

The net reaction is:
amino acid + ATP + tRNA ↔ aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPi

The net reaction is energetically favourable only because the pyrophosphate is hydrolysed; that reaction is highly energetically favourable and drives the other reactions. All of these reactions take place inside the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase specific for that tRNA.

Hydrolysis
The different aa-tRNAs have varying pseudo-first-order rate constants for the hydrolysis of the ester bond between amino acid and tRNA. In general, proline aa-tRNA is found to be the least stable while the steric hindrance of the methyl group on the β carbon of isoleucine and valine tend to stabilize their aa-tRNAs. Increased ionic strength resulting from sodium, potassium, and magnesium salts has been shown to destabilize the aa-tRNA bond. Increased pH also destabilizes the bond and changes the ionization of the α carbon amino group of the amino acid. The charged amino group can destabilize the aa-tRNA bond via the inductive effect. The elongation factor EF-Tu has been shown to stabilize the bond.

Drug targeting
Certain drugs like tetracycline prevent the aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes.

See also
 Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

References

Category:Protein biosynthesis


Qarni Yarikh

Qarni Yarikh (, also Romanized as Qārnī Yārīkh; also known as Qārnī Yāreq) is a village in Hajjilar-e Jonubi Rural District, Hajjilar District, Chaypareh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.

References

Category:Populated places in Chaypareh County


1999 Limerick County Council election

An election to Limerick County Council took place on 10 June 1999 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 28 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a five-year term of office.

Results by party

Results by Electoral Area

Bruff

Castleconnell

Kilmallock

Newcastle West

Rathkeale

External links

Category:1999 Irish local elections
1999


Minnesota State Highway 269

Minnesota State Highway 269 (MN 269) is a short  highway in southwest Minnesota, which runs from South Dakota Highway 11 (SD 11) at the South Dakota state line to an intersection with State Highway 23 (MN 23) in the city of Jasper.

Route description
Highway 269 begins at the South Dakota state line as a continuation of SD 11. It runs in rural southwest Minnesota along the Rock–Pipestone county line for most of its length. The highway juts slightly north into Pipestone County after entering the city of Jasper. It ends at an intersection with MN 23, known as Railroad Avenue, in the southern part of Jasper. Highway 269 follows West Wall Street in Jasper, and is also known as 1st Street within Pipestone County.

The route is legally defined as Route 269 in the Minnesota Statutes. No part of the highway is included in the National Highway System, a system of highways important to the nation's defense, economy, and mobility.

History
Highway 269 was authorized on July 1, 1949. The road was paved at the time the route was designated. The highway has remained the same since it was designated.

Major intersections

References

External links
Highway 269 at the Unofficial Minnesota Highways Page

269
Category:Transportation in Rock County, Minnesota
Category:Transportation in Pipestone County, Minnesota


Kuroda Puppet Troupe

The Kuroda Puppet Troupe (黒田人形座) is a traditional Japanese puppet troupe in the style commonly known as ningyō jōruri or bunraku based in the city of Iida in Nagano Prefecture. Founded in 1688, the Troupe has performed continuously to the present.

History
 Kuroda focuses on preserving the traditional style of puppet operation originally introduced to them by itinerant puppeteers from Awaji Island. The Troupe's current performance hall was constructed in the 1990s by the government of Iida and is built in a traditional style. The Troupe also performs several times a year at Suwa Shrine (located next to their current hall) and the Iida Puppetry Festival. Until the construction of their new puppetry hall, the Kuroda Troupe performed in a traditional theater originally built in the late Edo period. Now designated as a national treasure, the theater stands on the grounds of the Suwa Shrine.

The Kuroda Puppet Troupe also hosted a summer puppetry training program in 2006 for American students at the Kuroda Puppetry Hall in conjunction with the University of Missouri and the American-based Japanese theater group, Bunraku Bay Puppet Troupe.

See also
 Bunraku

References
Information on Kuroda from the city of Iida's webpage

Category:Bunraku
Category:Puppet troupes


Flash powder

Flash powder is a pyrotechnic composition, a mixture of oxidizer and metallic fuel, which burns quickly and if confined produces a loud report. It is widely used in theatrical pyrotechnics and fireworks (namely salutes, e.g., cherry bombs, M-80s, firecrackers, and cap gun shots) and was once used for flashes in photography.

Different varieties of flash powder are made from different compositions; most common are potassium perchlorate and aluminium powder. Sometimes, sulfur is included in the mixture to increase the sensitivity. Early formulations used potassium chlorate instead of potassium perchlorate.

Flash powder compositions are also used in military pyrotechnics when production of large amount of noise, light, or infrared radiation is required, e.g., missile decoy flares and stun grenades.

History

Lycopodium powder is a yellow-tan dust-like powder historically used as a flash powder. Today, the principal use of the powder is to create flashes or flames that are large and impressive but relatively easy to manage safely in magic acts and for cinema and theatrical special effects.

Mixtures

Normally, flash powder mixtures are compounded to achieve a particular purpose.  These mixtures range from extremely fast-burning mixtures designed to produce a maximum audio report, to mixtures designed to burn slowly and provide large amounts of illumination, to mixtures that were formerly used in photography.

Aluminium and chlorate
Because of the above-mentioned instability. , the combination of aluminium powder and potassium chlorate is a poor choice for flash powder that is to be stored for more than a very short period.  For that reason, it has been largely replaced by the potassium perchlorate mixtures.  Chlorate mixes are used when cost is the overriding concern because potassium chlorate is less expensive than perchlorate.  It is critically important to exclude sulfur and any acidic components from these mixtures.  Sometimes a few percent of bicarbonate or carbonate buffer is added to the mixture to ensure the absence of acidic impurities.

 6 KClO3 + 10 Al → 3 K2O + 5 Al2O3 + 3 Cl2

The composition is approximately 70% KClO3 : 30% Al by weight for the reactants of the above stoichiometrically balanced equation.

Potassium nitrate, aluminium and sulfur
This composition, usually in a ratio of 5 parts potassium nitrate, to 3 parts aluminium powder, to 2 parts sulfur, is especially popular with hobbyists. It is not very quick-burning, unless exceptionally fine ingredients are used. Although it incorporates sulfur, it is in fact fairly stable, sustaining multiple hits from a hammer onto a hard surface. Adding 2% of its weight with boric acid is reputed to significantly increase stability and shelf life, through resistance to dampening through ambient humidity. Other ratios such as 6 KNO3/3 Al/2 S and 5 KNO3/2 Al/3 S also exist and work. All ratios have similar burn times and strength, although 5 KNO3/3 Al/2 S seems to be dominant.

2 KNO3 + 4 Al + S → K2S + N2 + 2 Al2O3

The composition is approximately 59% KNO3 : 31.6% Al : 9.4% S by weight for the reactants of the above stoichiometrically balanced equation.

For best results, "German Dark" aluminium should be used, with airfloat sulfur, and finely ball milled pure potassium nitrate. The finished mixture should never be ball milled together.

Aluminium and perchlorate
Aluminium powder and potassium perchlorate are the only two components of the pyrotechnic industry standard flash powder. It provides a great balance of stability and power, and is the composition used in most commercial exploding fireworks.

aka A B mixture

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

6 KClO4 + 14 Al → 3 K2O + 7 Al2O3 + 3 Cl2

A ratio of seven parts potassium perchlorate to three parts dark pyro aluminium is the composition used by most pyrotechnicians. The stoichiometric ratio is 31.24% aluminum by mass to 68.76% perchlorate by mass.

For best results, the aluminium powder should be "Dark Pyro" grade, with a flake particle shape, and a particle size of fewer than 10 micrometres.  The KClO4 should be in powder form, free from clumps. It can be sieved through a screen, if necessary, to remove any clumps prior to use. The particle size of the perchlorate is not as critical as that of the aluminium component, as much less energy is required to decompose the KClO4 than is needed to melt the aluminium into the liquid state required for the reaction.

Although this composition is fairly insensitive, it should be treated with care and respect.  Hobbyist pyrotechnicians usually use a method called diapering, in which the materials are poured separately onto a large piece of paper, which is then alternately lifted at each corner to roll the composition over itself and mix the components. Some amateur pyrotechnicians choose to mix the composition by shaking in a closed paper container, as this is much quicker and more effective than diapering. One method of mixing flash is to put the components in the final device and handling the device will mix the flash powder.  Paper/cardboard is chosen over other materials such as plastic as a result of its favorable triboelectric properties.

Large quantities should never be mixed in a single batch. Large quantities are not only more difficult to handle safely, but they place innocent bystanders within the area at risk. In the event of accidental ignition, debris from a multiple-pound flash powder explosion can be thrown hundreds of feet with sufficient force to kill or injure.  (Note: 3 grams of mixture is enough to explode in open air without constraint other than air pressure.)

No matter the quantity, care must always be taken to prevent any electrostatic discharge or friction during mixing or handling, as these may cause accidental ignition.

Magnesium and nitrate
Another flash composition common among amateurs consists of magnesium powder and potassium nitrate. Other metal nitrates have been used, including barium and strontium nitrates.  Compositions using nitrate and magnesium metal have been used as photographic flash powders almost since the invention of photography. Potassium nitrate/magnesium flash powder should be mixed and used immediately and not stored due to its tendency of self-ignition.

If magnesium isn't a very fine powder it can be passivated with linseed oil or potassium dichromate.The passivated magnesium flash powder is stable and safe to store.

2 KNO3 + 5 Mg → K2O + N2 + 5 MgO
The composition is approximately 50% KNO3 : 50% Mg by weight for the reactants of the above stoichiometrically balanced equation. Below is the same reaction but invlolving barium nitrate.

Ba(NO3)2 + 5 Mg → BaO + N2 + 5 MgO

Mixtures designed to make reports are substantially different from mixtures designed for illumination.  A stoichiometric ratio of three parts KNO3 to two parts Mg is close to ideal and provides the most rapid burn. The magnesium powder should be smaller than 200 mesh, though up to 100 mesh will work. The potassium nitrate should be impalpable dust.  This mixture is popular in amateur pyrotechnics because it is insensitive and relatively safe as such things go.

For photographic use, mixtures containing magnesium and nitrates are made much more fuel rich.  The excess magnesium is volatilized by the reaction and burns in air providing additional light.  In addition, the higher concentration of fuel results in a slower burn, providing more of a "poof" and less of a "bang" when ignited.  A formula from 1917 specifies 5 parts of magnesium to 6 parts of barium nitrate for a stoichiometry of nine parts fuel to one part oxidizer.  Modern recreations of photographic flash powders may avoid the use of barium salts because of their toxic nature.  A mixture of five parts 80 mesh magnesium to one part of potassium nitrate provides a good white flash without being too violent. Fuel rich flash powders are also used in theatrical flash pots.

Magnesium based compositions degrade over long periods, as magnesium does not form a passivating oxide coating, meaning the metallic Mg will slowly react with atmospheric oxygen and moisture. In military pyrotechnics involving magnesium fuels, external oxygen can be excluded by using hermetically sealed canisters.  Commercial photographic flash powders are sold as two-part mixtures, to be combined immediately before use.

Magnesium and PTFE
A flash composition designed specifically to generate flares that are exceptionally bright in the infrared portion of the spectrum use a mixture of pyro-grade magnesium and powdered polytetrafluoroethylene.  These flares are used as decoys from aircraft that might be subject to heat-seeking missile fire.

2n Mg + (C2F4))n → 2n MgF2 (s) + 2n C (s)

Antimony trisulfide and chlorate
This mixture, and similar mixtures sometimes containing pyro aluminium have been used since the early 1900s for small "Black Cat" style paper firecrackers. Its extremely low cost makes it popular among manufacturers of low-grade fireworks in China. Like all mixtures containing chlorates, it is extremely sensitive to friction, impact and ESD, and is considered unsafe in pyrotechnic devices that contain more than a few tens of milligrams of the mixture.

3 KClO3 + Sb2S3 → Sb2O3 + 3 SO2 + 3 KCl

This mixture is not highly energetic, and in at least some parts of the United States, firecrackers containing 50 mg or less of this mixture are legal as consumer fireworks.

Safety and handling
Flash powders even within intended usages often release explosive force of deadly capacity.  Nearly all widely used flash powder mixtures are sensitive to shock, friction and electrostatic discharge. In certain mixtures, it is not uncommon for this sensitivity to spontaneously change over time, or due to change in the environment, or to other unknowable factors in either the original manufacturing or in real-world storage. Additionally, accidental contaminants such as strong acids or sulfur compounds can sensitise them even more. Because flash powder mixtures are so easy to initiate, there is potentially a high risk of accidental explosions which can inflict severe blast/fragmentation injuries, e.g. blindness, explosive amputation, permanent maiming, or disfigurement. Fatalities have occurred. The various flash powder compositions should therefore not be handled by anyone who is unfamiliar with their properties, or the handling techniques required to maintain safety. Flash powder and flash powder devices pose exceptionally high risks to children, who typically cannot understand the danger and may be less adept with safe handling techniques. As a result, children tend to suffer more severe injuries than adults.

Flash powders—especially those that use chlorate—are often highly sensitive to friction, heat/flame and static electricity. A spark of as little as 0.1–10 millijoules can set off certain mixtures.  Certain formulations prominent in the underground press contain both sulfur and potassium chlorate. These mixtures are especially shock and friction sensitive and in many applications should be considered unpredictable.  Modern pyrotechnic practices call for never using sulfur in a mix containing chlorate salts.

Some flash powder formulations (those that use single-digit micrometre flake aluminium powder or fine magnesium powder as their fuel) can self-confine and explode in small quantities. This makes flash powder dangerous to handle, as it can cause severe hearing damage and amputation injury even when sitting in the open. Self-confinement occurs when the mass of the pile provides sufficient inertia to allow high pressure to build within it as the mixture reacts. This is referred to as 'inertial confinement', and it is not to be confused with a detonation.

Flash powder of any formulation should not be mixed in large quantities by amateur pyrotechnicians. Beginners should start with sub-gram quantities, and refrain from making large devices. Flash powder should only be made at the site at which it will be used. Additionally, the mixture should be made immediately before use.  When mixed, the transportation, storage, usage, various possession, and illegal "firearms" laws (including felonies) may come into effect that do not apply to the unmixed or pre-assembled components.

See also

 Pyrotechnic initiator
 Sprengel explosive
 Thermite
 Black powder
 Lycopodium powder

References

Category:Explosives
Category:Pyrotechnic compositions


Lieblein House

The Lieblein House is a single-family house located at 525 Quincy Street in Hancock, Michigan.  It has been converted to an office building and is also known as the Hoover Center.   The structure was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

History
The Lieblein House was built in 1895 by William Washburn, who owned a local Hancock clothing store.  In about 1905, Washburn sold the house to Edward Lieblein, a wholesale grocer who owned stores in Hancock and Calumet.  The house remained in the Lieblein family until 1979, when Edward Lieblein Jr. sold it to Suomi College (now Finlandia University).  The college renamed it the "Vaino & Judith Hoover Center" after the patrons Vaino and Judith Hoover who funded the purchase.  As of 2009, the building houses the offices of the President, Institutional Advancement, Alumni Relations, and Communications.

Description
The Lieblein House is a rectangular, two-and-a-half-story Queen Anne style house, sitting on a sandstone foundation and covered with rectangular and fishscale shingles.  It has an enclosed wrap-around porch with Doric columns and narrow one-over-one windows.  The narrow windows are also usedin a three-story polygonal turret topped with a galvanized metal roof and spire.  The porch and turret gives the facade both horizontal and vertical lines.  A bay window and multiple multi-paned and double-hung windows light the interior.  The roof is gabled on three sides, with leaded glass Palladian windows in the side gables.

References

Category:Houses in Houghton County, Michigan
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Category:Queen Anne architecture in Michigan
Category:Houses completed in 1895
Category:Michigan State Historic Sites in Houghton County
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Houghton County, Michigan


Hanging With

{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Hanging With
| image                = Hanging_With_title_card_2018.jpg
| image_size           = 260px
| image_upright        =
| image_alt            = The title "Hanging With" written in dark blue lettering against a fluorescent light blue background. The title is outlined with a box, underneath the logo for Disney.
| caption              = Hanging With title card used from 2018 onwards
| show_name_2          = Hanging with Adam & Naomi (2013–15)Hanging with Adam & Ash (2015–16)'
| genre                = Children's
| creator              =
| director             =
| developer            =
| presenter            = Ashleigh WellsTim MatthewsSiena ElchaarJoel MaguireElla Victoria
| starring             =
| voices               =
| narrated             =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme            = "Take Me Away"by Clooney (2013–17)"Feelin' Like"by Ms. Triniti (2018–present)
| endtheme             =
| composer             =
| country              = Australia
| language             = English
| num_series           = 7
| num_episodes         =
| list_episodes        =
| executive_producer   = Vanessa Collier
| producer             =
| editor               =
| location             = Chief Entertainment, Sydney, New South Wales
| cinematography       =
| camera               =
| runtime              = 2–3 minutes
| company              =
| network              = Disney Channel
| picture_format       = 576i (SDTV)
| audio_format         = Stereo
| first_run            =
| first_aired          =
| last_aired           =
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          =
| related              =
| website              = https://www.disney.com.au/tv
| production_website   =
}}Hanging With is an Australian children's television series which airs on Disney Channel.

It premiered on 15 July 2013 as a short-form series dispersed between programs. The variety entertainment series airs 4:30pm (AEST) weekdays with hosts who act as the faces of Disney Channel. The hosts present Disney programming news, along with celebrity interviews, sketches, and other segments including crafts, games, quizzes and challenges. The hosts also produce factual field stories filmed outside of the studio. Its final hosts were Ashleigh Wells and Tim Matthews, along with supporting presenters Siena Elchaar, Joel Maguire and Ella Victoria.

The program typically aired for 36 weeks of the year, with regular breaks throughout.

History
The show was originally formatted as a short-form series titled Hanging with Adam & Naomi, and was hosted by Adam Roberts with Naomi Sequeira, who had together previously presented the ASTRA-nominated program Backstage Pass and other Disney Channel interstitials. Sequeira departed the program in 2015 and was replaced by Ashleigh Wells, who had previously worked on the channel. The series was renamed to Hanging with Adam & Ash accordingly.

Beginning 13 February 2017, the short-form series was expanded to a new runtime of 30 minutes, and retitled Hanging With. Roberts and Wells continued as the primary hosts, being joined by various other Disney Channel personalities. Additional presenters included Ella Victoria (The Style Edit), Grace Pitts and Joel Maguire (Radio Disney Insider), Emma Graham and Jackson Ryan (Gamefest), Siena Elchaar, Chantel Cofie and Milly Alcock (B.F. Chefs), and Georgia-May Davis (Backstage Pass). In November 2017, Hanging With returned to its original short-form format but retained the additional presenters.

An additional 30 minute weekly episode, titled Hanging With: Weekend Hangout, aired from January 2018 to April 2019. This special episode aired on Saturdays and presented the highlights of the week's segments.

Hosts

Main hosts

Notes
 Naomi Sequeira returned as a guest several times between 2015 and 2017 to promote her program The Evermoor Chronicles and from the set of her movie Rip Tide.
 Ashleigh Wells joined the show as an entertainment reporter on 25 August 2014.

Supporting hosts
 Georgia-May Davis (2017–18)
 Siena Elchaar (2017–19)
 Joel Maguire (2017–19)
 Jackson Ryan (2017–18)
 Ella Victoria (2017–19)

Time slots
 From 2013 to 2017, Hanging With'' aired at 4:30pm (AEST) weekdays. The program returned to this slot in April 2019.
 The program aired at 4:00pm (AEST) weekdays from November 2017 to July 2018.
 The program aired at 5:00pm (AEST) weekdays from July 2018 to April 2019.

Awards and nominations

Notes

See also
 List of longest-running Australian television series

References

External links
Archived Hanging With Site

Category:Disney Channels Worldwide shows
Category:Australian children's television series
Category:2013 Australian television series debuts
Category:2010s Australian television series


American Theatre Critics Association

The American Theatre Critics Association (ATCA) is the only nationwide professional association of theatre critics in the United States. The ATCA membership consists of theatre critics who write reviews and critiques of live theatre for print, broadcast, and digital media. The organization is best known for its annual Steinberg/ATCA New play Award recognizing work developed and premiered in regional theaters. It also makes the recommendation for the Regional Theatre Tony Award. ATCA is an affiliate organization of the International Association of Theatre Critics. The current chair of ATCA's Executive Committee is Bill Hirschman of floridatheateronstage.com.

History
ATCA was founded on August 3, 1974, at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut. The organization was created to provide a professional home for theatre critics outside of the New York City metropolitan area, who were not eligible for membership in the New York Drama Critics' Circle. Then-Critics' Circle president Henry Hewes organized the meeting, which 26 critics attended. As of July 2016 ATCA had over 225 members.

Awards
ATCA administers several awards as part of its mission to strengthen American theatre nationwide. Three of these are awards for administered solely by ATCA, while two are awards for other theatre artists that are administered in conjunction with other organizations.

Jointly administered awards

Regional Theatre Tony Award
The most prominent prize that ATCA has a role in is the Regional Theatre Tony Award. Each year ATCA members confidentially vote for this Tony Award, and the organization's choice is presented to the Tony Award committee. ATCA's vote is solely advisory: the Tony Awards committee makes the decision of which company to give the award to. However, to date (2014), ATCA's recommendation has been accepted every year, even in 1987, with the then-controversial San Francisco Mime Troupe. The first theatre company to win the award was Arena Stage in 1976. From 1976 to 2013 only theatre companies outside of New York City were eligible; in 2013 the Tony Awards committee announced that non-profit theatre companies within the five boroughs of New York City would be eligible, although Broadway companies would still be ineligible for this particular Tony Award. After this change was made Signature Theatre was the first New York City company to win the award in 2014.

Theater Hall of Fame
The American Theater Hall of Fame is located in the lobby of the Gershwin Theatre in New York City (current home of the musical Wicked). ATCA members form an overwhelming percentage of the voters each year to decide new inductees, though the voting and award are administered by the Hall of Fame itself. The annual induction ceremony of (in recent years) eight new members takes place at the end of January.

Solely administered awards

Harold and Mimi Steinberg/ATCA New Play Award
The Harold and Mimi Steinberg/ATCA New Play Award is a prize awarded for a play that has had its premiere in the previous calendar year and which did not play in New York City in that same year. Currently the award total is $25,000, with two additional awards of $7,500 each for plays worthy of citation. Past winners include important works, such as All the Way (which later won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Play), 33 Variations, and The Piano Lesson. Four playwrights have won the award multiple times: Jane Martin has won the award four times (for Talking With, Keely and Du, Jack and Jill, and Anton in Show Business). August Wilson has won three times (for Fences, The Piano Lesson, and Two Trains Running). Lee Blessing and Bill Cain have each won twice; Blessing won for A Walk in the Woods and A Body of Water, and Cain  won for Equivocation and Nine Circles. Blessing is the only playwright to win in consecutive years (2010 and 2011). Wilson is the playwright with the most citations (five). Blessing also has one citation.

Francesca Primus Prize for an Emerging Woman Playwright
The Francesca Primus Prize for an Emerging Woman Playwright is a $10,000 prize for female playwrights who have made contributions to American theatre but who have not yet achieved substantial nationwide recognition. ATCA started awarding the Primus Prize in 2004.

M. Elizabeth Osborn Award
The M. Elizabeth Osborn Award is a prize given to a playwright who merits recognition, but whose works have not received a major award or any Broadway or Off-Broadway productions. The award comes with $1,000 and recognition in the Best Plays yearbook.

Online presence
ATCA's principal online presence is through its website. The site contains information about ATCA news, prizes, history, and members. ATCA also uses the site to further the discussion of theatre criticism in the United States by posted links to controversies and discussions relevant to members, theatre artists, and the general public.

The organization also has a Twitter account and a Facebook page. Many ATCA members maintain their own online presence, and ATCA maintains a separate Twitter account that retweets links to members' theatre reviews.

Foundation ATCA
Foundation ATCA is a legally separate non-profit organization that exists to support ATCA's goals. All ATCA members also belong to the foundation, and some ATCA members serve as governing officers of both organizations.

External links
 Official site of the American Theatre Critics Association

References

Category:American theater awards
Category:American theater critics
Category:Professional associations based in the United States
Category:1974 establishments in the United States


Léon Gozlan

Léon Gozlan (11 September 1803 – 14 September 1866) was a 19th-century French  novelist and playwright.

When he was still a boy, his father, who had made a large fortune as a ship-broker, met with a series of misfortunes, and Léon, before completing his education, had to go to sea in order to earn a living. In 1828 we find him in Paris, determined to run the risks of literary life. His townsman, Joseph Méry, who was then making himself famous by his political satires, introduced him to several newspapers, and Gozlan's brilliant articles in Le Figaro did much harm to the already tottering government of Charles X.

Works
His first published work were:

1820: les Émotions de Polydore Marasquin, edition : H. Laurens (Paris) (160 p.-4 f. de pl. en coul. : ill. ; in-16)
 (undated) edition: F. Rouff (Paris) (32 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; gr. in-8)
1825: Plus joyeuses aventures d'Aristide Froissard, edition : F. Rouff (Paris) (48 pages)

His first novel was:

1828: Mémoires d'un apothicaire sur la Guerre d'Espagne, pendant les années 1808 à 1814, with: Sébastien Blaze(1785-184.), edition: Ladvocat (Paris)(2 vol. 447, 400 p.; 22 cm),

This novel was followed by numberless others, including:

1834: Les Intimes, (3 vol.), published under the pseudonym "Michel Raymond", with Raymond Brucker, Paris, Eugène Renduel,
Michel Raymond, was a pseudonym, first used for a book written by Michel Masson and Raymond Brucker: Le Maçon, mœurs populaires, (4 vol.) This book was received with great praise of the critics. The pseudonym used was the conjunction of the first names of these two men. In cooperation with Léon Gozlan Raymond Brucker wrote the novel Les Intimes. It was published in 1834 under the same pseudonym "Michel Raymond", in an attempt to ride on the success of this name. Although he never protested, after this Michel Masson stopped all cooperation with Raymond Brucker.

1836: Le Notaire de Chantilly, edition : Dumont (Paris) (2 vol. in-8°)
1838: Washington Levers et Socrate Leblanc
1839: Les Tourelles, Histoire des châteaux de France, edition: Dumont (Paris) (2 vol. (358, 348 p.); in-8)
1858: (new edition), edition: Michel Lévy frères (Paris) (1 vol. 349 p.; in-18)
1839: Les tourelles, Histoire des châteaux de France, edition: Dumont (Paris) (2 vol. (358, 348 p.) ; in-8)
1843: Aristide Froissart, (one of the most curious and celebrated of his productions)
1886: Aristide Froissart (Nouv. éd.), edition: Librairie illustrée (Paris) (410 p. ; in-8)
1845: Les Nuits du Père Lachaise, edition: A. Lemerle (Paris) (3 vol. in-8°)
1890: new edition: Calmann-Lévy (Paris) (1 vol. (360 p.); in-16)
1852: De neuf heures à minuit, edition: Victor Lecou (Paris) (III-350 p. ; in-18)
1855: Le Tapis vert
1857: Le Folle du logis
1859: Le Folle du logis, edition : Librairie nouvelle (Paris), (In-18, 317 p. )
1857: Les Emotions de Polydore Marasquin, edition: Librairie illustrée (Paris) (322 p.: ill., couv. ill.; in-16)
1859: La Comédie et les Comédiens, edition: Michel Lévy, Paris, 1859, third edition. (17x11 cm. IV+345 p)
1861: Le Faubourg mystérieux, Le Vampire du Val de Grâce, edition : E. Dentu (Paris) (In-18, 335 p.) (1861)
(translated by Brian Stableford as The Vampire Of The Val-de-Grâce in 2012; )
1862: Histoire d'un diamant, edition: Michel-Lévy frères (Paris) (320 p., in-8)
1866: Le capitaine Maubert, edition: C. Vanier (Paris), (1 vol. (174 p.) ; in-18 ),
18??: Le dragon rouge,
 edition 1876: Bureaux du "Siècle" (Paris) 1 vol. (numbered 265-345); in-4)
18??: Aventures merveilleuses et touchantes du prince Chènevis et de sa jeune soeur ; woodcuts: Bertall,
 edition 1880: J. Hetzel (Paris) (1 vol. (120 p.) : fig. ; in-16 )
1872: La Vivandière, edition: E. Dentu (Paris), (In-18, 315 p.)

His best-known works for the theatre are:

1848: Le Lion empaillé
1849: Une tempête dans un verre d’eau, first performance in Paris in the Théâtre historique, 18 décembre 1849
1850: La Queue du chien d'Alcibiade, comédie in 2 actes, First performance in the Théâtre-Français, (Paris) 29 May 1850, edition: Michel-Lévy fr. (Paris)(48 p.; In-12)
1850: Une Tempête dans un verre d'eau, two curtain-raisers which stayed long on the stage
1852: Les Paniers de la comtesse
1854: Louise de Nanteuil, pièce en cinq actes, First performance in the Théatre du Vaudevilles 14 Januaryj 1854, edition : Michel-Lévy frères (Paris)(22 p. : fig.; 31 cm)(1860)
1855: Le Gâteau des reines, comédie en 5 actes, en prose, first presentation in the theatre 31 August 1855, édition : Michel-Lévy frères (Paris) (In-18, 112 p. )
1857: La Famille Lambert, comédie en 2 actes, en prose, first performance: 28 April 1857, Theatre du Vaudeville (Paris)
edition: Michel-Lévy frères (Paris) (12 p.: fig.; 31 cm) 1858,
1861: La Pluie et le beau temps, comedie in 1 act, en proze, edition: Calmann Levy, Paris, (new edition, 1878) (28p, in.12)

He adapted several of his own novels to the stage. Gozlan also wrote a romantic and picturesque description of the old manors and mansions of his country entitled Les Châteaux de France (2 vols, 1844), originally published (1836) as Les Tourelles, which has some archaeological value, and a biographical essay on Balzac (Balzac chez lui, 1862).

He was made a member of the Legion of Honour in 1846, and in 1859 an officer of that order. Died 14 September 1866 in Paris, Gozlan was buried at Montmartre Cemetery

References

Further reading
P Audebrand, Léon Gozlan'' (1887).
Martha Katherine Loder, "The Life and Novels of Léon Gozlan: A Representative of Literary Cross Currents in the Generation of Balzac" (1943).

External links

Category:1803 births
Category:1866 deaths
Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
Category:People from Marseille
Category:19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
Category:French Jews
Category:19th-century French novelists
Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Category:French male novelists
Category:19th-century French male writers


Mary Salifu Boforo

Mary Salifu Boforo (born 25 February 1951) is a former Ghanaian Member of Parliament for the Savelugu Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana.
She served as Member of Parliament from 1996 until 2017, but lost out in the primaries to contest in the 2016 election.

Early life
Mary Salifu Boforo was born in Savelugu, in the Northern Region of Northern Region on 25 February 1951. Before becoming a Member of Parliament, she owned a bakery and farming business; and also worked in the banking industry. She had vocational training at National Vocational Training Institute in 1972.

Political life
Since January 1997, she has been the Member of Parliament for the Savelugu constituency. In 2014, she became First Deputy Majority Chief Whip. She is currently the longest serving Member of Parliament, but in 2016 while attempting to be selected for her constituency for the sixth time, she lost in the primary vote to Alhassan Abdulai Red. This means that she will leave Parliament in 2017. She commented after the vote that this could have the effect of suppressing the views of women in the Northern Region.

Boforo is a strong advocate for the empowerment of women and children affairs as she served on the Ghana Developing Communities Association as the lead advocate and Chairperson of Ghana’s Parliamentary Women’s Caucus. She became well known in Ghana after she published a report in Parliament which stated "The fight for equality between men and women goes beyond the case made for social justice but rather a fundamental human right that must be achieved." Despite losing her seat, she advocated a greater role for women in leading West Africa and said that what she had managed to achieve in her region was evidence that women could improve the infrastructure for the betterment of the people.

Personal life
She is married with four children. Boforo is a practising Muslim.

References

Category:Living people
Category:1951 births
Category:Women members of the Parliament of Ghana
Category:Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
Category:Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005
Category:Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009
Category:Ghanaian MPs 2009–2013
Category:Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017
Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians


Shake It Up: I Love Dance

Shake It Up: I Love Dance (stylized as Shake It Up: I <3 Dance, also known as Shake It Up: I ♥ Dance) is the third and final soundtrack for the Disney Channel Original Series Shake It Up. It was released on March 5, 2013. The soundtrack is based on songs featuring on the show's third (and final) season (2012-2013). The album features musical artists associated with or popularized by Disney Channel stars Bella Thorne, Zendaya, Bridgit Mendler, McClain Sisters, Caroline Sunshine, Roshon Fegan, Selena Gomez, Coco Jones, Olivia Holt and Dove Cameron, as well as non-Disney Channel stars Young L.A. (BG5), Drew Seeley, TKO, SOS and Nevermind.

Critical reception

Heather Phares of AllMusic gave a review: "The soundtrack to the third season of the Disney Channel series Shake It Up. I Heart Dance features more hip-hop-tinged dance pop, CeCe Jones (Bella Throne) and Rocky Blue (Zendaya) sing and dance as backup dancers on Shake It Up, Chicago. Highlights include Thorne and Zendaya's fizzy duet "This is My Dance Floor", Zendaya's energetic "Beat of My Drum", Dove Cameron's "Future Sounds Like Us" and Olivia Holt's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin". Tracks by Selena Gomez, Coco Jones and Bridgit Mendler round out a collection sure to get the Radio Disney set moving".

Commercial performance
The soundtrack reached number 26 in the Billboard 200 in the U.S. as well as the Kid Albums at number 1 and the Top Soundtracks at number 2. The album was the eighth best-selling soundtrack album of 2013, with 134,000 copies sold in the United States. In Spain, it reached at number 23 in the chart.

"This Is My Dance Floor", performed by Thorne and Zendaya, peaked at number two on Billboard Kid Digital Songs. "Blow the System", performed by Thorne, reached at twenty. "Contagious Love", performed by Thorne and Zendaya, peaked at two. "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'", performed by Olivia Holt, reached number six. "Beat of My Drum", performed by Zendaya, peaked at eight.

Promotional singles
"Contagious Love" was released as promotional single on February 14, 2013 to promote the album. The song was performed on Shake It Up.

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

Category:Shake It Up (American TV series)
Category:2013 soundtracks
Category:Pop soundtracks
Category:Television soundtracks
Category:Walt Disney Records soundtracks


Wólka Krosnowska

Wólka Krosnowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipce Reymontowskie, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Lipce Reymontowskie,  south-west of Skierniewice, and  east of the regional capital Łódź.

References

Category:Villages in Skierniewice County


DeepMap

DeepMap (formally DeepMap Inc.), is a Palo Alto, California-based software company that develops high definition (HD) maps for self-driving vehicles.

The company was founded in 2016 by a group of former Google workers as well as Apple veterans. The software uses data from sensors and combines it with "data from all the cars connected to its system."

Former Google Maps colleagues James Wu and Mark Wheeler serve as CEO and Chief Technology Office respectively.

History
DeepMap was founded in Palo Alto, California in 2016 to create 3D mapping software to assist self-driving cars with navigation.  Founders James Wu and Mark Wheeler were co-workers on Google Maps, and before that at Apple and Baidu. Wu became the company's CEO, and Wheeler became its Chief Technology Officer. Also in 2016, the company raised $7 million in initial funding.

In May 2017, the company raised $25 million in a Series A led by venture capital firm Accel, formerly Accel Partners, along with venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz and GSR Ventures.

By February 2018, Bloomberg reported that the company announced it was working with the Ford Motor Company and China’s SAIC Motor Corp. The company was also working with Honda's Xcelerator innovation program, based in Mountain View, California. In November, the company raised $60 million with a Series B, with returning investors along with German industrial firm Bosch's Robert Bosch Venture Capital, and US chipmaker Nvidia's GPU Ventures. The funding valued the company at $450 million.  In December, the company announced deals with San Francisco-based mobility platform provider Ridecell and Sweden-based transportation company Einride to integrate DeepMap's HD maps with their autonomous fleets.  Einride deployed its first truck using DeepMap's software in 2019.

In February 2019, the NY Times reported that research firm CB Insights included DeepMap on its list of companies on track for a $1 billion 'unicorn' valuation.  The company was analyzed in a November 2019 case study by Harvard Business School, in "DeepMap: Charting the Road Ahead For Autonomous Vehicles."

Products
DeepMap develops HD maps with a level of precision that reflects changes in the road in real time. Digital camera images are combined with lidar (laser imaging) to build detailed 3D maps to represent real-time road network data. By identifying the environment, including the locations of lanes and obstructions, robot drivers can localize their own and other vehicles’ positions in real time.  The maps are automatically updated as the car's sensors collect data, and the maps help predict the upcoming road.  The company describes its maps "as the 'part of the brain' of the autonomous robot that allows it to understand its location."

The company provides hardware tools, software solutions and field data collection functions to allow customers to transfer their own fleet data into their own personalized HD maps. The maps are integrated with other parts of a vehicle's self-driving system, handling large amounts of HD data while communicating between the vehicle and the cloud.

Operations
DeepMap is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. The company's COO is Wei Luo.

References

External links
 Official website

Category:2016 establishments in California
Category:Automotive navigation systems
Category:Companies based in Palo Alto, California
Category:Route planning software
Category:Technology companies established in 2016


Mount Hope

Mount Hope may refer to:

Antarctica
Mount Hope (Ross Dependency), a hill at the foot of the Beardmore Glacier, Ross Ice Shelf
Mount Hope (Palmer Land), a mountain in the Eternity Range, Palmer Land

Australia
 Mount Hope, New South Wales, a settlement in western New South Wales
 Mount Hope, South Australia, a locality on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
 Mount Hope (Victoria), a granite outcrop in northern Victoria

Canada
 Mount Hope, Hamilton, Ontario, a neighbourhood in upper Hamilton, Ontario
 Mount Hope, a community of Arran–Elderslie, Bruce County, Ontario
 Mount Hope No. 279, Saskatchewan, a rural municipality in Saskatchewan

Ottoman Empire
 Mount Hope, Jaffa, a depopulated American farm

Trinidad and Tobago
 Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago, birthplace of Hector Sam

United States
 Mount Hope, Lawrence County, Alabama
 Mount Hope, Walker County, Alabama
 Mount Hope (Alaska), a mountain peak of Alaska
 Mount Hope, San Diego, a neighborhood of San Diego, California
 Mount Hope (Colorado), one of the Collegiate Peaks in Colorado
 Mount Hope (Cheverly, Maryland), a house
 Mount Hope (Hazlehurst, Mississippi), a National Register of Historic Places listing in Copiah County, Mississippi
 Mount Hope, Kansas, a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas
 Mount Hope Plantation House, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
 Mount Hope (MBTA station), a station in Boston, Massachusetts
 Mount Hope, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 Mount Hope (Nevada), a summit in Nevada
 Mount Hope, New Jersey, a section of Rockaway Township, New Jersey
 Mount Hope, New York, a town in Orange County, New York
 Mount Hope, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Holmes County
 Mount Hope, Licking County, Ohio, a ghost town
 Mount Hope, Pennsylvania, birthplace of Ralph E. Urban
 Mount Hope Estate, a property in Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
 Mount Hope (Rhode Island), a hill in Bristol, Rhode Island
 Mount Hope Farm, an estate in Bristol, Rhode Island
 Mount Hope, Providence, Rhode Island, a neighborhood in northern Providence, Rhode Island
 Mount Hope (Ridgeway, South Carolina), a property in Fairfield County, South Carolina
 Mount Hope, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in Wayne County, Tennessee
 Mount Hope (Falls Church, Virginia), a property
 Mount Hope (New Baltimore, Virginia), a property in Fauquier County, Virginia
 Mount Hope, West Virginia, a city in Fayette County, West Virginia
 Mount Hope Historic District
 Mount Hope, Wisconsin, a village in Grant County, Wisconsin
 Mount Hope (town), Wisconsin, a town in Grant County, Wisconsin
 Mount Hope Corners, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in Brunswick, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin

Other uses
Mount Hope, a literary journal published at Roger Williams University in Bristol, Rhode Island

See also
Mount Hope Cemetery (disambiguation)


Philippine kinship

Philippine kinship uses the generational system in kinship terminology to define family. It is one of the more simple classificatory systems of kinship (especially if compared to the complex English-language kinship system, e.g., cousin). One's genetic relationship or bloodline is often overridden by the desire to show proper respect that is due in the Philippine culture to age and the nature of the relationship, which are considered more important.

In it, the literal differences are distinguished by generation, age, and in some cases by gender. However, non-Filipinos can be confused by apparently similar relationships being handled verbally differently by the same person, which generally occurs because of the circumstantial relationship or because some authority is represented by the addressee. Other factors that affect how a person is addressed are whether the two are familiar with each other, new to each other's acquaintance, or perhaps involved in a secondary relationship that imparts authority, such as one person being the supervisor of another at work.

Tito is commonly known as 'warrior' in the early 1800s and would be given to sons of soldiers that would enter battle and is a symbolization of death in historical mythology in foreign entities. Simply put, "Kuya" is used to address an older male relative or friend (especially ones own brother), and means "brother". "Ate", is in reference to an older female relative or respected friend (especially one's own sister or kapatid), and means "Sister".

As an example, a teenage girl would call her older brother "kuya". She would also tend to call her older male cousin "kuya". That he is an older, blood-related male is more important than that a brother is not genetically related to the same degree that a cousin is. The term kuya is actually likely to be applied to any older male who is within her generation and should be treated with respect, perhaps even the very close friends of her brother. Thus, the terms used are often intended to show the degree of the relationship and the type of relationship, rather than literal biological relationship.

This can be seen in social settings like Facebook, where Filipino teenagers include contemporaries in the "brothers" and "sisters" categories (the equivalent of a "best friend" in U.S. culture).

Influences on language

Scholars generally disagree on the genetic origin of the "original" Filipino people, if there is any one dominant progenitor. For centuries there have been migrations from Asia, the Middle East, all the nearby island countries, and Europe (primarily the Spanish) who have all given something genetically and etymologically to the Philippines. Over 170 languages are recognized but do not have official status; Tagalog and English are the official languages of the Philippines, and basic English is more effective for communicating with far-flung peoples in the Philippines than any one dialect, including Tagalog. English's prominence is a reflection of the Philippines' close relationship with the United States, especially since World War II, and a testament to the broad reach of television, which broadcasts in a mix of Tagalog and English.

Tagalog is an Austronesian language that has borrowed heavily from the Philippines' geographical neighbors (Malayo-Polynesian languages, Chinese) as well as from Spanish, a legacy of Spain's prolonged colonization. For example, Tagalog has incorporated words like the greeting "Kumusta", from the Spanish "Cómo está". Familial greetings tend to be borrowed from Chinese.

Terms based on biological relationships

Ego's generation

As a child, one would refer to one's parents as "Ama" or "Tatay" ("Father", in formal and informal Filipino, respectively)  and "Ina" or "Nanay" (Mother, in formal and informal Filipino, respectively).  One's parents' siblings and their cousins would be called "mga Tiyo" ("uncles"), or "Tiyo" ("uncle")  or "mga Tiya" ("aunts") or "Tiya" ("aunt").  One would call one's godparents "Ninong" and "Ninang",
meaning godfather and godmother,  respectively.

Family friends one generation above, like parent's friends, are called "Tito" (for males) and "Tita" (for females), although they should not be confused with Tiyo and Tiya which are for blood relatives.  However, "Tito" and "Tita" are also sometimes used to reference blood relatives as well. Filipinos are very clannish and are known for recognizing relatives up to the 10th or even the 20th degree.

A person's siblings ("mga kapatid") would be one's brothers or sisters.  The terms "Kuya" and "Ate" are used to address an older brother and sister respectively as a sign of respect.  Any children of their Tiyo (Uncle) or Tiya (Aunt) would be called "mga pinsan" (cousins) so one can either address them as "pinsan" or use the more commonly used "Kuya [cousin's first name]" or "Ate [cousin's first name]" if they are older, or simply address them with their first name or nickname.  Their godparent's children are called kinakapatid, which literally means someone made into a sibling.  The term "Kuya" is used in Filipino for older brother and "Ate" is used in Filipino for older sister, and those terms are what one also usually use to refer to or respect other people (including cousins and other strangers) who are in the same generation but a little older, or one could use the older term Manong ("big brother") and Manang ("big sister") for the much older people that one does not know up to two generations ahead, unless they are too old and then they should be called Lolo and Lola.

The children of one's "mga kapatid" (siblings) and "mga pinsan" (cousins) would be called "mga pamangkin" (nephews/nieces).

If a person is a "Amang" or "Lolo" ("Grandfather", in formal and informal Filipino, respectively) or "Inang" or "Lola" ( "Grandmother", in formal and informal Filipino, respectively), those called "mga apo" ("grandchildren") would be the offspring, not only of their children ("mga anak") but also the offspring of their children's cousins ("mga pinsan").  Not unless a person have a different title (like "Attorney"/"Atty.", "Dr.", "Mayor", etc.) that one are known for, one may also be addressed as "Lolo" or "Lola" by complete strangers or neighbors just by virtue of their age (usually when they are above 60 years old or already considered a senior citizen), as a form of respect.

Representation
The following tree represents the Philippine kinship system, focusing on SECOND UNCLE and YOU.

Members of the family

Non-literal usage of familiar terms

"Kuya" and "Ate" are also titles used to address older male and female cousins (regardless if they are the eldest or not, but older than cousin addressing them) as a sign of respect. It may also be used for people who aren't necessarily relatives but are older. The criteria would be gender (first), age (second), degree of affiliation (third), with actual blood or non-blood relationship being the least important.

"Tiyo" and "Tiya", used literally for uncle and aunt, are often confused with "Tito" and "Tita" which are used in reference to your parents' close friends. Again, the degree of affiliation in the relationship overrides the literal meaning.

This hierarchy of conditions would be consistently applied to other familial terms that are used for relationship of further distance, such as "Ninang" and "Ninong", which are often applied to people who have no actual blood relationship but have earned a showing of respect which also defines their age, gender, and station in life.

Filipinos would generally greet each other using their title like: "Kumusta Ate Jhen", or "Kumusta Kuya Jay"; because doing otherwise is considered rude and disrespectful.

Notes

Bibliography

Category:Kinship terminology
Category:Philippine culture
Category:Philippine languages


Thynias

Thynias () was a town of ancient Thrace on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus on a promontory of the same name (modern İğneada Burnu), mentioned by numerous ancient authors. It was located north of Salmydessus, which was probably at one time in the territories of the Thyni, although Strabo speaks of the district as belonging to the people of Apollonia. According to Pliny the Elder, the town was placed a little to the south of the promontory.

Its site is located near İğneada in European Turkey.

References

Category:Populated places in ancient Thrace
Category:Former populated places in Turkey
Category:History of Kırklareli Province


Martti Talvela

Martti Olavi Talvela (4 February 1935 – 22 July  1989) was a Finnish operatic bass.

Born in Hiitola, Finland (now in the Republic of Karelia), the eighth of ten children he studied in Lahti and Stockholm, and made his operatic debut in Helsinki in 1960 as Sparafucile. He trained as a boxer in his youth and developed the stamina necessary for the biggest roles.

Originally Talvela was educated as a primary school teacher in Savonlinna, Eastern Finland (1952–1956), and he worked in that occupation at three schools (1957–1960). He sang at the Stockholm Royal Opera in Sweden from 1961 to 1962, before becoming a regularly employed singer at the Deutsche Oper of Berlin in 1962, the same year as his debut at Bayreuth.

In 1970, the Senate (government) of West Berlin formally granted him the rank of Kammersänger. He was especially acclaimed as the title character in Boris Godunov, a role he performed 39 times at the Metropolitan Opera between 1974–1987, and as Pimen from the same work, as Paavo Ruotsalainen in The Last Temptations, as a Wagner singer who frequently performed at Bayreuth (King Marke, Hunding, Fasolt, Fafner, Hagen (one critic described his Hagen as an "elemental force") and Titurel), as the Commendatore, Sarastro, Dosefei, and Prince Gremin, as King Phillip II, the Grand Inquisitor and, in the later part of his career, the title character in Glinka's Ivan Susanin.

As his final record he left, terribly thinned out by illness, a warm and heartfelt version of Schubert's Winterreise. He left at least two recorded performances of Mussorgsky's Songs and Dances of Death – one with full orchestra and one with piano accompaniment.

Talvela possessed a "voice of immense size and wide range" and was able to bring to his roles a combination of both "grandeur and gentleness". A large man,  tall and weighing nearly , he was a fine vocal actor who brought an air of dignity to his roles, even to pure-evil roles like Hagen and the Grand Inquisitor.

He can be seen performing on video as Boris Godunov, as Sarastro, as Osmin, as the Grand Inquisitor (in German) and as Don Fernando, and in the CBS special Beethoven's Birthday: A Celebration in Vienna, released on DVD as Bernstein on Beethoven: A Celebration in Vienna.

Talvela was the first artistic leader of the Savonlinna Opera Festival in Finland, from 1972–79, and had been appointed general director of the National Opera in Helsinki just before his death.

In 1973 he received the Pro Finlandia Medal of the Order of the Lion of Finland.

During the last eight years of his life (1981 to 1989), he worked as a farmer on the Inkilänhovi (Inkilä manor) farm in Juva, Eastern Finland, while continuing his official career as an opera singer. His health had begun to decline in 1975, when he was diagnosed with diabetes and gout. In 1982 alone, he suffered two heart attacks at the Metropolitan Opera. Stomach problems also plagued him at times in the 1980s.

Death
Talvela died of a heart attack at age 54 while dancing at his daughter's wedding in Juva.

References

External links
 Short Biography with pictures.
 Talvela, Martti in National Biography of Finland.
 Interview with Martti Talvela, April 13, 1986.
 Singing Mussorgsky’s "The Field-Marshall" from Songs and Dances of Death (YouTube video).

Category:1935 births
Category:1989 deaths
Category:People from Lakhdenpokhsky District
Category:Operatic basses
Category:Finnish opera singers
Category:Finnish basses
Category:Disease-related deaths in Finland
Category:20th-century opera singers
Category:20th-century male singers


March for Women's Lives (2004)

The March for Women's Lives (2004) was a protest demonstration held on April 25, 2004 at the National Mall in Washington, D.C. There was approximately 1.3 million participants. The demonstration was led by seven groups; National Organization for Women, American Civil Liberties Union, Black Women’s Health Imperative, Feminist Majority, NARAL Pro Choice America, National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health, and Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Nselaa Ward, Juris Doctor was one of the key organizers of the March. This was referred to as one of the most carefully and tightly organized marches in history. The march was intended to address topics such as abortion rights, reproductive healthcare, women's rights, and others.

Events and participants

A rally on the Mall began at 10 a.m., and was followed by a march through downtown Washington, with a route along Pennsylvania Avenue. Celebrities who appeared at the march included Peter, Paul and Mary, Indigo Girls, Susan Sarandon, Whoopi Goldberg, Ashley Judd, Kathleen Turner, Ted Turner, Ana Gasteyer, Janeane Garofalo, Bonnie Franklin, Julianne Moore and former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright; also appearing were veteran abortion rights leaders, such as Kate Michelman of NARAL Pro-Choice America and Gloria Steinem, and many members of Congress. During the rally Nselaa Ward, Juris Doctor also gave a keynote address on young women's reproductive rights in addition to debuting an international poetry slam group piece titled, "Women Deserve Better."

Sponsoring organizations included NARAL Pro-Choice America (national), Choice USA, the Feminist Majority Foundation, Planned Parenthood, the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Organization for Women, Code Pink, and Black Women's Health Imperative.

Sixteen protesters from the Christian Defense Coalition were arrested for demonstrating without a permit when they crossed police barricades into the area designated for the March. They were not able to stop the March for Women's Lives.

References

External links
 "Pro-Choice March Largest in History", Women's eNews, 25 April 2004
 Choice USA Photo gallery (photos)
 NOW: Why You Should March
 LifeNews: Catholic Group Leaves Anti-War Coalition Over Pro-Abortion March
 NOW History of Marches and Mass Actions
 NOW March for Women's Lives gallery (text and photos)
 March for Women's Lives Records. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University

Category:2004 in Washington, D.C.
Category:2004 protests
Category:April 2004 events in the United States
Category:Abortion-rights movement
Category:Protest marches in Washington, D.C.
Category:History of women's rights in the United States
Category:Feminism and health
Category:Feminist protests
Category:Women in Washington, D.C.
Category:2004 in women's history
Category:Women's marches in the United States hi


Branchville, Texas

Branchville is an unincorporated community located in Milam County, Texas, United States.

Branchville is located about 13 miles east of Cameron, Texas and is believed to have received its name as being a branch store of the Port Sullivan store of W. B. Easterwood. The post office opened in 1878 and closed in 1908. About 200 people live in the area.

Notable people from Branchville include Kansas City barbecue icon Arthur Bryant (restaurateur) who operated Arthur Bryant's and who is buried and Branchville.

External links
 Texascapes History
 Handbook of Texas history

Category:Unincorporated communities in Milam County, Texas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Texas


Joe Germaine

Joseph Berton Germaine (born November 16, 1975) is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round of the 1999 NFL Draft after playing college football at Ohio State.

Germaine earned a Super Bowl ring with the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV, beating the Tennessee Titans, and he also has been a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, San Diego Chargers, and Utah Blaze.

Early years
Germaine attended Mountain View High School in Mesa, Arizona, and was a letterman in football, basketball, and baseball. He became a starter midway through his junior year and set school records with 3,782 passing yards, a 59% completion percentage, and 39 touchdown passes. As a senior, he connected on 123 of 209 passes for 2,081 yards and 23 touchdowns. He was drafted by the Colorado Rockies as a high school baseball prospect.

College career
Germaine was recruited by Northern Arizona University (NAU) out of high school, but NAU was wary of his intention to serve a two-year Mormon mission, and thus did not offer him a scholarship.  Germaine played one season (1995) at Scottsdale Community College in Arizona before transferring to Ohio State. In 1996 and 1997 he was the backup to quarterback Stanley Jackson, but saw significant playing time as the two shared QB duties. Germaine’s most memorable moment in his years as a backup came at the 1997 Rose Bowl. He led the Buckeyes on a 65-yard drive in 12 plays in the final 1:40 for the winning touchdown against Arizona State, a five-yard pass to David Boston with 19 seconds left. Germaine passed for 131 yards in the game and was named the game’s MVP.

In his senior year (1998) at Ohio State, Germaine was a full-time starter at quarterback, as well as a team co-captain. That year, he set 11 school records, throwing for 3,330 yards and 25 touchdowns. He was the Chicago Tribune Silver Football Award winner as the Big Ten Conference Most Valuable Player that year. He threw for 6,370 yards and 56 touchdowns in three seasons.

Germaine was selected to the Ohio State Football All-Century Team in 2000.

Statistics

Professional career

Pre-draft

St. Louis Rams
Germaine was selected in the fourth round (101st overall) of the 1999 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Rams. He won a Super Bowl ring as a backup to Kurt Warner as a rookie. Germaine appeared in only three games, completing nine passes, and was cut at the end of the 2000 season.

Kansas City Chiefs
Germaine appeared in three games with the Kansas City Chiefs in 2001. He was waived on September 1, 2002.

Cincinnati Bengals
Germaine was signed to the practice squad of the Cincinnati Bengals on October 17, 2002. He was promoted to the active roster on December 12 and served the remainder of the season as the third-string quarterback. He was released on April 23, 2003.

Germaine worked out for the Seattle Seahawks in August 2003, but was not signed and spent the rest of the season out of football.

San Diego Chargers
Germaine was signed by the San Diego Chargers on August 6, 2004. He was waived prior to the regular season on August 26.

Arizona Rattlers
In 2004 Germaine became a quarterback for the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League, where he was a back-up to Sherdrick Bonner.

Utah Blaze
After two seasons and six starts with the Rattlers, Germaine joined the expansion Utah Blaze in 2006. He started the first nine games of Utah's inaugural season, passing for 2,330 yards and 41 touchdowns while completing 67.4 percent of his passes. His season was cut short by an injury, but he returned in 2007 as the full-time starter. He became the first player in league history to pass for over 5,000 yards in a season. He finished with 5,005 yards, surpassing the record of 4,841 yards set by San Jose's Mark Grieb in 2006.

Arizona Rattlers (second stint)
In October 2008 Germaine opted out of his contract with the Blaze in hopes of returning to the Rattlers. Germaine re-joined the Rattlers prior to their first season in the newly founded Arena Football 1. He was, however, quickly placed on "reassignment" on February 5, 2010.

Coaching career
After being placed on reassignment, Germaine accepted the head coaching job at Queen Creek High School in Queen Creek, Arizona. Athletic Director Paul Reynolds was familiar with Germaine, having played for ASU against him in the 1997 Rose Bowl. Prior to coaching at Queen Creek, Germaine was the quarterbacks coach at Chandler's Basha High School from 2004 until 2007.

In 2012, Germaine's Bulldogs appeared in the Arizona Division III state championship, against Desert Edge High School. With twelve seconds left and the game tied at 7, the snap for a Desert Edge punt was high, sailing over the punter, who picked up the ball and was tackled in the back of the end zone for a safety. Queen Creek won its first state championship 9-7 and finished an undefeated season.

References

External links
 Arena Football League bio
 Arizona Rattlers bio
 Ohio State Buckeyes bio

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:American football quarterbacks
Category:Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Category:St. Louis Rams players
Category:Kansas City Chiefs players
Category:Barcelona Dragons players
Category:Cincinnati Bengals players
Category:San Diego Chargers players
Category:Arizona Rattlers players
Category:Utah Blaze players
Category:Sportspeople from Denver
Category:Players of American football from Colorado
Category:Super Bowl champions


Sachites

{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = Cambrian,
| taxon = Sachites
| authority = Meshkova, 1969
| type_species = Sachites longus
| type_species_authority = Qian, 1977
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
S. alatus Duan, 1984
S. desquamatus Duan, 1984
S. folliformis Duan, 1984
S. longus Qian, 1977
S. maidipingensis Qian, 1977S. minus Qian et al., 1979S. terastios Qian et al., 1979
}}Sachites (Meshkova 1969) is an extinct genus of halkeriid that is only known from fossilised spiny sclerites; many Sachites specimens are now referred to as other halkieriid taxa. Although believed to be related to the halkieriids, a chancelloriid affinity has more recently been proposed.Sachites has seven species; Sachites longus'' was named and described in 1977.

References

Category:Fossil taxa described in 1969
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1977
Category:Extinct molluscs
Category:Molluscs


Riverview Lake

Riverview Lake is a lake in Riverview Park at Mesa, Arizona, United States. The lake is located west of Dobson Road and north of 8th Street.

Golden algae has caused recent fish die offs during the summer of 2018. Due to the severity of algae, a vast majority of fish were killed. Testing in late summer of 2018 showed the issues contained. AZGFD was able to stock the lake with sunfish and catfish.

Fish species
Rainbow Trout
Largemouth Bass
Sunfish
Catfish (Channel)
Carp

References

External links
Riverview Lake

Category:Reservoirs in Arizona
Category:Reservoirs in Maricopa County, Arizona


2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F

Group F of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament is one of the 12 groups that will decide the teams which qualify for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations finals tournament. The group consist of four teams: Cameroon, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Rwanda.

The teams will play against each other in home-and-away round-robin format between November 2019 and September 2020.

As the hosts of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, Cameroon will participate in the qualifiers with the team guaranteed a spot in the finals regardless of its ranking in the group. Their matches and results will count in determining the qualification of the other teams from their group.

Standings

Matches

Goalscorers

Notes

References

External links

Group F


Elyerd

Elyerd (, also Romanized as Elyerd and Alīyerd) is a village in Garmab Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 24 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Sari County


Alex Ruff

Alex Ruff  (born 1974) is a Canadian politician who was elected to represent the riding of Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2019 federal election. He is a retired Colonel in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF).

Background and education

Ruff graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in 1997 with an Honours degree in space science.

Military career

As an infantry officer within The Royal Canadian Regiment and throughout his 25-year career, Ruff was posted to Garrison Petawawa, Kingston, CFB Gagetown, Canadian Forces College in Toronto, and to Canadian Special Operations Forces Command headquarters and Canadian Joint Operations Command both of which are in Ottawa. He had six operational deployments: Operation Recuperation (ice storm in eastern Ontario/western Quebec, 1998), twice as part of the Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Operation Palladium (Bosnia, 1998–99 and 2001), twice on Operation Athena (Kandahar, Afghanistan in 2007 and Kabul, Afghanistan in 2012) and most recently as part of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (Baghdad, Iraq in 2018-19). He retired from the CAF in early 2019.

Federal politics

In April 2019, Ruff won the Conservative nomination for the riding of Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound for the 2019 federal election following the retirement of Larry Miller. He was elected as a Member of Parliament on October 21.

Electoral record

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:Royal Military College of Canada alumni
Category:Canadian Army officers
Category:1974 births


Elachista vivesi

Elachista vivesi is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is endemic to Spain.

vivesi
Category:Moths described in 1992
Category:Endemic fauna of Spain
Category:Moths of Europe


I Surrender Dear (1931 film)

I Surrender Dear is a 1931 Educational-Mack Sennett Featurette (No. S2094) starring Bing Crosby and directed by Mack Sennett. This was the first of the six short films Crosby made for Sennett and which helped launch his career as a solo performer.

Background
Crosby, who was then one of The Rhythm Boys vocal group, had a chance meeting with Mack Sennett at the Lakeside Golf Club of Hollywood in the fall of 1930. Sennett was looking for a singer for his short films which had until recently been  ‘silents’. Having seen Crosby and The Rhythm Boys perform at the Cocoanut Grove, he invited both Crosby and Donald Novis to audition for him. Sennett decided to take on the former and subsequently, in May 1931, Crosby signed a contract on behalf of the Rhythm Boys for a series of two-reel comedies. The Rhythm Boys were to be paid $1000 a week while engaged in the filming. Within days, however, the Rhythm Boys walked out of their contact at the Cocoanut Grove and the three men decided to go their separate ways. Sennett renegotiated the contract amending the price to $600 for Crosby instead of $1000 for the trio. Six shorts were made by Crosby for Sennett, of which were four filmed in a three-month period in 1931 and two in 1932. The shorts were:

 I Surrender Dear (released September 1931)
 One More Chance (released November 1931)
 Dream House (released January 1932)
 Billboard Girl (released March 1932)
 Sing, Bing, Sing (released March 1933)
 Blue of the Night (released January 1933)

Crosby’s records were selling very well when Sennett signed him and the first film under the contract -  “I Surrender Dear” - wisely included three of his big hits.

Plot
The film opens with a band, led by Crosby, playing “Out of Nowhere” for dancers in a night club after which it continues with “I Surrender Dear” which Crosby sings at a microphone. On board a train a girl named Peggy is listening to the broadcast and is reprimanded by her overbearing and ambitious mother for not being more appreciative of her chance to marry a Marquis, who happens to be sleeping noisily in the compartment.

The broadcast over, the singer and his friend Jerry (Arthur Stone) arrive at the railway station to meet Bing's sister whom he has not seen for a long time. Crosby mistakes Peggy from the train for her. He warmly greets Peggy and kisses her just as her mother and fiancé, the Marquis, arrive on the scene. After exchanging insults with Bing the enraged Marquis pulls a sword from his walking stick and chases him. Crosby nimbly runs away from the Marquis and jumps over an area of freshly-laid, hot asphalt but his pursuer fails the jump and lands knee deep in the asphalt.

Later Bing and his friend Jerry try to find Peggy, in whom Bing has become very interested, at her hotel and in another case of mistaken identity he angers a jealous Irish husband. After the Irishman punches Jerry, Bing refuses to be intimidated, calls his bluff and shapes up to him. The Irishman retires into his room abashed and returns to pull out a revolver which he fires at the two boys who depart rapidly.

Shortly afterwards Bing returns to Peggy’s room and explains to her and her mother that he is not a ‘masher’ but he is in fact Bing Crosby, the radio crooner. At that moment
a radio announcer says over the radio in the room that Bing Crosby is to sing “Out of Nowhere”. Peggy, of course, then disbelieves Bing who leaves angrily
but when she hears the announcer say that he has just played a phonograph record she tries to find Bing. Encountering George Dobbs, a friend of Bing’s in an
adjacent room he invites her in but when he hears his jealous wife approaching with Bing and Jerry he hurriedly conceals Peggy in a closet. To the accompaniment of a band on the radio Bing sings “At Your Command” and Peggy, hearing his voice, leaves the closet and as they embrace he sings the last two lines of “I Surrender Dear”.

She rings the Marquis to cancel their engagement and leaves with Bing via the fire escape, hotly pursued by her mother and ex-fiancé. When a policeman stops them for speeding they tell him that they are on their way to be married and Bing proves his identity by singing “I Surrender Dear”. The policeman lets them go and when mother and the Marquis eventually trace them in a hotel, they find a marriage certificate pinned to the door of their room below a “Do not disturb” notice.

Cast
Bing – Bing Crosby
Jerry – Arthur Stone
Marquis – Luis Alberni
Peggy’s mother – Julia Griffith
Peggy – Marion Sayers
George Dobbs – Will Stanton
Ethel Dobbs – Blanche Payson
Chauncey McCullum (the Irishman) – Kalla Pasha
Mrs. McCullum – Patsy O’Leary

Reception
Variety welcomed it saying, inter alia: “Good two reeler extolling the vocal virtues of Bing Crosby suitably mixed up with laughs…Comedy brief permits explanatory reasons for Crosby’s singing with the title derived from the song of the same name, an important tune for this lad in his climb to prominence…They’ll like it all over and a standout amongst shorts…”.

Film Daily was not so impressed. “Mack Sennett has provided Bing Crosby with a semi-funny vehicle, bordering on the slapstick, that is bright at times and at other times dull…Unless you are a Crosby fan, it is just fair entertainment.”

Soundtrack
 "I Surrender Dear"
 "At Your Command"
 "Out of Nowhere”
 "A Little Bit of Heaven" (Ernest R. Ball / J. Keirn Brennan)

References

External links

Category:1931 films
Category:American films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:American short films
Category:Films directed by Mack Sennett
Category:Educational Pictures short films
Category:American musical comedy films
Category:1930s musical comedy films


Bhook (TV series)

Bhook (English: Hunger) is a 5-episodic Pakistani miniserial, produced by Momina Duraid under their banner MD Productions. The series airs on Hum TV every Friday replacing Baandi. It explores the story of Noreen played by Maria Wasti who for uncertain reasons killed her own children's by offering them poisonous food.

Cast
Maria Wasti as Naureen
Kamran Jilani as Aftab (Dead)
 Nazar Ul Hassan as Aziz
 Kosar Siddiqui as Noori
 Saad Azhar as Naseer
 Iftikhar
 Rabiya Shakeel as Rabia
 Muzaffar
 Saad Zameer Faridi
 Malik Sher Afzal as Afzal
Hina Khawaja Bayat as Gaiti's mother
Maryam Nafees as Gaiti Araa
 Saad (Child artist) as Saad
 Hamna Amir(Child artist) as Javeria

References

External links
Official website

Category:Pakistani drama television series
Category:2010s Pakistani television series
Category:2019 Pakistani television series debuts
Category:2019 Pakistani television series endings
Category:Urdu-language television programs
Category:Hum TV series
Category:Hum TV


Gajedi Taal

Gajedi Taal () is a lake in the Gajedi VDC of southern Nepal located close to Lumbini. It lies just  south of Mahendra Highway. The lake spreads over  and is surrounded by forest.

Location
Gajedi Taal is in the countryside; the village name is Danapur (Kuchira) which is a part of Kanchan Rural Municipality (previously Gajedi VDC). To reach Danapur (Kuchira) village, one takes a vehicle from Butwal, the headquarters of Rupandehi district. From there it is approximately 21 kilometers west. After you cross 19 kilometers, turn south at Bansgadhi. It gives pleasant scenario of greenery with natural lake with rare species of birds.

Attractions

Boating

Boating on this lake is becoming popular day by day. Many tourists come here for boating on fresh water and fully enjoy it. There are some people trained in boating who will help you if needed. The people there are inhabitants, and they know everything about Gajedi Taal. Sometimes they scare you with stories of accidental deaths.

Jungle safari

Organizations like Aama Samuha (Mother's group), offer guides and jungle safaris.

Picnic
Another fantastic activity there is picnic. When Gajedi Taal was not popular, it was only the picnic place and people came from far away villages. Nowadays, it is one of the most facilitated picnic spots in the district. The picnic stalls are being developed; in the near future, it will be a popular spot. People as far as Butwal, Bhairahawa come there and picnic.

Sports
The location is good to organize sports like football and cricket. Sometimes, especially in festivals like Dashain, Tihar etc., we can see the sports going on.

Nearby activities

Lausha Taal

Another renowned lake, Lausha Taal, also near Gajedi Taal, is on the way to Gajedi Taal in Lausha village. Lausha Taal is not popular with tourists, but if you visit Gajedi Taal, it is worth visiting Lausha Taal. The location of Lausha Taal is not so straightforward; ask the local people. People there are very polite and generous, so you may not face any problems to find. If you feel hungry, they will invite you for lunch or dinner.

Lumbini
Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautam Buddha, also known as 'The Light of Asia', is one of the most visited places of Nepal and main attraction for national and foreign tourists. Buddha was born in the sixth century B.C. Many tourists from around the world visit Lumbini to see arts, human creativity in beautiful temples, and statues interspersed around the wide green forest.

References

Category:Lakes of Nepal