North of England Lead Mining Museum

The North of England Lead Mining Museum, also known as Killhope, is an industrial museum near the village of Cowshill, County Durham, England. The museum stands on the site of the former Park Level Mine, which is being restored to show the workings of a 19th-century lead mine.

Location
The museum is located alongside the Killhope Burn, about 4 km upstream from Cowshill, and is accessible via the A689 road between Stanhope, County Durham and Alston, Cumbria.

It is situated in the heart of the North Pennines, Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, an area that, in 2003, was designated the first Geopark in Great Britain.

The museum is open every day between 1 April and 31 October, but is closed (except to pre-booked groups) during the winter months, when weather conditions in the area can be severe. A bus service operates through Weardale; services usually terminate at Cowshill, but some summer services will continue to Killhope on request.

History
Lead ore in the North Pennines occurs in mineralised veins within the Carboniferous rocks of the area. Until the mid-19th century, exploitation of these ore bodies was mostly confined to surface excavations and vertical shafts. From 1818, mining in the area was controlled by W B Lead Co, a mining company established by the Blacketts, a prominent Newcastle family which had leased mining rights in Weardale from the Bishop of Durham.

In 1853, W B Lead began driving the Park Level Mine, which eventually intersected 11 mineral veins. As the mine developed, so did the surface workings. In 1858, a "mineshop" was built to accommodate the miners; the population density in such a remote area was very low and, until then, miners had been faced with a long daily walk to and from the mine. In 1862, storage bays ("bouse teams") were constructed, to store the raw lead ore (the "bouse"), and washing rakes were installed, in which water was used to separate the lead ore in the bouse from the waste material. In 1878, soon after the mine struck the richest of the veins, the Park Level Mill was brought into operation, to speed up the process of washing the ore. The main feature of the mill was a large waterwheel, the "Killhope Wheel".

Not long after the Park Level Mill came into use, the price of lead plummeted, rendering lead-mining in Weardale uneconomic and, in 1883, W B Lead closed all of its operations in the district. The Park Level Mine was taken over by another company, Weardale Lead, which continued to operate it until 1910, when production ceased. The mine was re-opened briefly in 1916, during the First World War, after which it lay derelict for over 60 years, during which time the buildings crumbled and any equipment that could be removed was salvaged for scrap.

Between 1818 and 1883, records show that W B Lead extracted over 31,200 tonnes of lead concentrates from the Killhope operations; between 1884 and 1916, Weardale Lead extracted a further 9,000 tonnes. Taking in the period before 1818, for which there are no records, it is thought that total output from Killhope may have exceeded 60,000 tonnes. In addition, 180 tonnes of zinc concentrates were recovered in the 1950s by treatment of some of the waste material.

Reconstruction

By 1980, the Killhope Wheel was facing demolition, the washing floor had become a marshy field, and the rest of the site was decaying. In that year, the Durham County Council took over the site and began a programme of restoration. First to be restored was the "mineshop", which was opened to the public in May 1984. The Killhope Wheel was restored to working order in 1991 and the mine itself was opened in 1996.

It had been hoped that the existing mine could be restored to allow access by the public, but though the Park Level was found to be generally in sound condition, and the first 100 metres has been used as an access route, the area in the vicinity of the first vein workings was badly collapsed and unsafe. Reconstruction therefore consisted of constructing a new 'artificial' mine within a chamber that was excavated from the surface. Within this artificial mine, the rock surfaces are actually fibreglass casts, taken not just from Killhope but also from mines in the Nenthead district in nearby Cumbria. Despite their artificial nature, the casts faithfully represent the appearance and texture of the real rock.

Killhope Wheel

One of the main features of the reconstructed mine is the Killhope Wheel, a 10-metre-diameter metal waterwheel. This was constructed by the Tyneside firm of William Armstrong. Although other waterwheels were used in and around the mine, this was the largest, and the only one to survive the decades of neglect. It has now been restored to full working order.

Awards
The museum has won several awards: it was the North East's Small Visitor Attraction of the Year in 2008, and was the inaugural winner of the Guardian's Family-Friendly Museum award in 2004.

Other lead mining remains in the area
Other interpretive sites in the area are the Heritage Centre at Allenheads, in Northumberland, and the Nenthead Mines Heritage Centre, a short distance away in Cumbria.

Numerous traces of Weardale's lead mining industry can still be seen and the Durham Dales Centre in Stanhope produces guides to a Lead Mining Trail that covers many of the more accessible sites.

Other disused lead mines in County Durham are:
Low Slitt Mine, Westgate
Middlehope Shield, Westgate
Brandon Walls Mine, Rookhope
Rookhope Old Smelt Mill
Feldon Smelt Mill
Coldberry Mine, Middleton
Middle Greenlaws, Daddry Shield
Derwent Lead Mines
Lady Rake Mine, Harwood
Greenhurth Mine, Harwood
Pike Law Mines, Newbiggin

References

External links
 Killhope – official site

Category:Lead mining in the United Kingdom

Category:Museums in County Durham
Category:Museums established in 1984
Category:Mining museums in England
Category:1984 establishments in England
Category:Stanhope, County Durham


2013–14 Newport County A.F.C. season

The 2013–14 season was Newport County's first season in Football League Two, 61st season in the Football League and 93rd season of league football overall. This season marked County's return to the Football League for the first time since the 1987–88 season. The club finished the season in 14th place.

Season review

League

2013
The season started with the visit of Accrington Stanley. This game was selected as one of the Football League's "anniversary fixtures" to mark the 125th anniversary of the first Football League season. With Harry Worley scoring the historic first League goal, a brace from Chris Zebroski and a goal from Christian Jolley 10 minutes into the second half, County won 4–1 and were top of the League Two table. In the next game away to Northampton, Conor Washington scored his first League goal but the club suffered a 3–1 loss. The next home game, the Severnside derby with Bristol Rovers saw County's highest gate of the season; Andy Sandell's first-half penalty being enough to take all three points. The next three games were all drawn 1–1 with County slipping out of the play-off places as a result. The next home game, against Morecambe, will forever be remembered as the "Tom Naylor game": Scoring within three minutes, Billy Jones had made the perfect start to his début game before Naylor scored an own goal to level the match. Robbie Willmott restored Newport's lead before Naylor's second own goal again levelled things. With 20 minutes remaining Naylor conceded a penalty which allowed Morecambe to take the lead and eventually win the game. County's first away win of the season in the next game at Exeter, followed by a home win to Torquay United took County back to the brink of the play-off positions, but following the next two games they were back down to 12th. County then embarked on a successful spell, losing only once at Fleetwood until visiting Burton Albion on the last game of 2013. That last game was lost 1–0, but County finished the year in a play-off position.

2014
The new year began in a disastrous fashion: The wettest winter on record in Britain combined with drainage problems with the Rodney Parade pitch caused a rash of game postponements. County failed to beat bottom-of-the-table Northampton and were denied even one point when Andy Sandell's 88th-minute penalty was saved. Previous wins against Accrington, Bristol, Southend and Hartlepool were cancelled out with only two draws to show from the four matches. A solitary home win against Oxford United lifted County back to the brink of the play-offs again, but then another terrible run resulted in only three points from the next eight games. With County now lying in 14th position, any hope of the play-offs was gone. County's first double of the season against Torquay in next game briefly lifted them to 12th, but following the second 0–0 draw with Bury of the season, previous wins against Portsmouth and Chesterfield were cancelled out. Following a home loss against Plymouth Argyle County recorded only their third win of 2014 against relegation-threatened Wycombe Wanderers. In the next two games County squandered leads to draw both games, slipping down to their lowest league position of the season in the process. The penultimate game of the season was the trip to promotion-chasing York. County failed to improve on their recent form as the home side guaranteed themselves a play-off place with a 1–0 win. The final game of the season against Rochdale was an eerie reminder of County's last Football League season in 1987–88. That time the visitors has triumphed 1–0 and they would be hoping for another win to seal the League Two title. Despite taking the lead in the 28th minute, Aaron O'Connor cancelled out the advantage just before half time. Rochdale should have won the game after winning a penalty in the 83rd minute, but Matthew Lund's penalty was saved by Ian McLoughlin. Ten-man County made them pay four minutes later as Robbie Willmott's free kick was headed over Josh Lillis by Kevin Feely to seal a 2–1 victory and a happy end to County's 2013–14 campaign.

Results summary

Results by round

Squad statistics
(Substitute appearances in brackets)

Transfers

In

Out

Loans in

Loans out

Fixtures and results

Pre-season friendlies

League Two

Football League Cup

Football League Trophy

FA Cup

League table

External links
 Newport County AFC 2013-2014 : Results
 Newport County's results from season 2013/2014

References

2013-14
Category:2013–14 Football League Two by team
Category:Welsh football clubs 2013–14 season


Scottish island names

The modern names of Scottish islands stem from two main influences. There are many names that derive from the Scottish Gaelic language in the Hebrides and Firth of Clyde. In the Northern Isles most place names have a Norse origin. There are also some island place names that originate from three other influences, including a limited number that are essentially English language names, a few that are of Brittonic origin and some of an unknown origin that may represent a pre-Celtic language. These islands have all been occupied by the speakers of  at least three and in many cases four or more languages since the Iron Age, and many of the names of these islands have more than one possible meaning as a result.

Scotland has over 790 offshore islands, most of which are to be found in four main groups: Shetland, Orkney, and the Hebrides, sub-divided into the Inner Hebrides and Outer Hebrides. There are also clusters of islands in the Firth of Clyde, Firth of Forth, and Solway Firth, and numerous small islands within the many bodies of fresh water in Scotland including Loch Lomond and Loch Maree.

Main languages

Early languages

As humans have lived on the islands of Scotland since at least Mesolithic times, it is clear that pre-modern languages must have been used, and by extension names for the islands, that have been lost to history. Proto-Celtic is the presumed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages. Proponents of the controversial Vasconic substratum theory suggest that many western European languages contain remnants of an even older language family of "Vasconic languages", of which Basque is the only surviving member. This proposal was originally made by the German linguist Theo Vennemann, but has been rejected by other linguists.

A small number of island names may contain elements of such an early Celtic or pre-Celtic language, but no certain knowledge of any pre-Pictish language exists anywhere in Scotland.

Celtic languages
British or Brythonic was an ancient P-Celtic language spoken in Britain. It  is a form of Insular Celtic, which is descended from Proto-Celtic, the hypothetical parent language that many linguistics belief had already begun to diverge into separate dialects or languages in the first half of the first millennium BC. By the sixth century AD, scholars of early Insular history often begin to talk about four geographically separate forms of British: Welsh, Breton, Cornish, and the now extinct Cumbric language. These are collectively known as the Brythonic languages.  It is clear that whenever place names are recorded at an early date as having been transposed from a form of P-Celtic into Gaelic that this occurred prior to the transformation from "Old British" into modern Welsh. There are numerous Scottish place names with Brythonic roots although the number of island names involved is relatively small.

The Pictish language offers considerable difficulties. It is a term used for the language(s) thought to have been spoken by the Picts, the people of northern and central Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It may have been a fifth branch of Brythonic; Kenneth H. Jackson thought that the evidence is weak, but Katherine Forsyth disagreed with his argument.
The idea that a distinct Pictish language was perceived at some point is  attested clearly in Bede's early 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, which names it as distinct from both Old Welsh and Old Gaelic. However, there is virtually no direct attestation of Pictish short of the names of people found on monuments  in the lands controlled by the Picts - the area north of the Forth-Clyde line in the Early Middle Ages. Many of these monuments include elaborate carved symbols, but an understanding of their significance has so far proved as elusive as interpretation of the few written fragments, which have been described as resembling an "odd sort of gibberish". Nonetheless, there is significant indirect place-name evidence for the Picts use of Brythonic or P-Celtic. The term "Pritennic" is sometimes used to refer to the proto-Pictish language spoken in this area during the Iron Age.

Given the paucity of knowledge about the Pictish language it may be assumed that islands names with P-Celtic affiliations in the southern Hebrides, and Firths of Clyde and Forth are Brythonic and those to the north and west are of Pictish origin.

This Goidelic language arrived via Ireland due to the growing influence of the kingdom of Dalriada from the 6th century onwards. It is still spoken in parts of the Scottish Highlands and the Hebrides, and in Scottish cities by some communities. It was formerly spoken over a far wider area than today, even in the recent past. Scottish Gaelic, along with modern Manx and Irish, are descended from Middle Irish, a derivative of Old Irish, which is descended in turn from Primitive Irish. This the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, which is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the Ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Britain up to about the 6th century. The Beurla-reagaird is a Gaelic-based cant of the Scottish travelling community.

Norse and Norn
Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. Its influence on Scots island names is considerable due to the development of both the Earldom of Orkney and the Kingdom of the Isles which resulted in almost all of the inhabitable islands of Scotland (except those in the Firth of Forth) coming under Norse control from the 9th to 13th centuries.

Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that developed from Old Norse and was spoken in Shetland,  Orkney and possibly Caithness. Together with Faroese, Icelandic and Norwegian it belongs to the West Scandinavian group. Very little written evidence of the language has survived and as a result it is not possible to distinguish any island names that may be Norn rather than Old Norse. After the Northern Isles were pledged to Scotland by Norway in the 15th century,  the early Scottish Earls spoke Gaelic when the majority of their subjects spoke Norn and both of these languages were then replaced by Insular Scots.

English and Scots
English is a West Germanic language, the modern variant of which is generally dated from about 1550.
The related Scots language, sometimes regarded as a variety of English, has regional and historic importance in Scotland. It is officially recognised as autochthonous language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. It is a language variety  historically spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster.

Although they are the dominant languages in modern Scotland the presence of both Scots and English in island names is limited.

Pre-Celtic remnants

There are three island names in Shetland of unknown and possibly pre-Celtic origin: Fetlar, Unst and Yell. The earliest recorded forms of these three names do carry Norse meanings: Fetlar is the plural of fetill and means "shoulder-straps" Omstr is "corn-stack" and í Ála  is from ál  meaning "deep furrow". However these descriptions are hardly obvious ones as island names and are
probably adaptations of a pre-Norse language.  This may have been Pictish but there is no clear evidence for this.

The roots of several of the Hebrides may also have a pre-Celtic origin. Indeed, the name comes from Ebudae recorded by Ptolemy, via the mis-reading "Hebudes" and may itself have a pre-Celtic root.
Mull was recorded by Ptolemy as Malaios possibly meaning "lofty isle" although it is pre-Gaelic in origin. In Norse times it became Mýl.
 The 7th century abbot of Iona Adomnán records Coll as Colosus and Tiree as Ethica, which may be pre-Celtic names.
 Islay is Ptolemy's Epidion, the use of the "p" hinting at a Brythonic or Pictish tribal name. Adomnán refers to the island as Ilea and it occurs in early Irish records as Ile and as Il in Old Norse. The root is not Gaelic and of unknown origin.
 The etymology of Skye is complex and may also include a pre-Celtic root.
Lewis is Ljoðhús in Old Norse and although various suggestions have been made as to a Norse meaning (such as "song house") the name is not of Gaelic origin and the Norse credentials are questionable.
The origin of Uist (Old Norse: Ívist) is similarly unclear.
Rùm may be from the Old Norse rõm-øy for "wide island" or Gaelic ì-dhruim meaning "isle of the ridge" although  Mac an Tàilleir (2003) is unequivocal that it is a "pre-Gaelic name and unclear".
Seil is probably a pre-Gaelic name, although a case has been made for a Norse derivation.
The etymology of Arran is also obscure. Haswell-Smith (2004) offers a Brythonic derivation and a meaning of "high place". The Acallam na Senórach  describes Arran as being "between Alba and Cruithen-land" although there is possible confusion in the annals between the meaning of Cruithen to refer to the Picts, the Cruithnigh of Ireland and the Welsh equivalent of Prydain to refer to Britain as a whole. In support of the Vasconic substratum hypothesis, Vennemann notes the recurrence of the element aran, (Unified Basque haran) meaning "valley", in names like Val d'Aran, Arundel, or Arendal. In early Irish literature Arran is "Aru" and Watson (1926) notes there are similar names in Wales but suggests it may be pre-Celtic.

Brythonic & Pictish names
Several of the islands of the Clyde have possible Brythonic roots. In addition to Arran (see above) Bute may have a British root and Great and Little Cumbrae both certainly have (see below).

Inchkeith in the Firth of Forth is recorded as "Insula Keth" in the 12th century Life of Saint Serf. The name may derive from  Innis Cheith or Innis Coit and both Mac an Tàilleir (2003) and Watson (1926) suggest that the root is the Brthyonic coed. The derivation would appear to be assumed rather than attested and the modern form is Innis Cheith. Caer in Welsh means a "stone-girt fort" and was especially applied to Roman camp sites. This is the root of Cramond Island in the Forth, with Caramond meaning "the fort on the Almond river". The island of Threave on the River Dee in Dumfries and Galloway takes its name from P-Celtic tref, meaning "homestead".

It is assumed that Pictish names must once have predominated in the northern Inner Hebrides, Outer Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland although the historical record is sparse. For example, Hunter (2000) states that in relation to King Bridei I of the Picts in the sixth century: "As for Shetland, Orkney, Skye and the Western Isles, their inhabitants, most of whom appear to have been Pictish in culture and speech at this time, are likely to have regarded Bridei as a fairly distant presence.” However, the place names that existed prior to the 9th century have been all but obliterated by the incoming Norse-speaking Gall-Ghaeils.

Orkney is pre-Norse in origin and Pictish, as may be the uninhabited Orkney island name Damsay, meaning "lady's isle". Remarkably few Pictish placenames of any kind can be identified in Orkney and Shetland, although some apparently Norse names may be adaptations of earlier Pictish ones. There are various  ogham inscriptions such as on the Lunnasting stone found in Shetland that have been claimed as representing Pictish, or perhaps even a precursor language.

In the 14th century John of Fordun also records the name of Inchcolm as "Eumonia" (referring to the monasterium Sancti Columbe in insula Euomonia) a name of likely Brythonic origin.

Norse names
From some point before 900 until the 14th century both Shetland and Orkney became Norse societies. The Norse also dominated the Hebrides  and the islands of the Clyde for much of the same period, although their influence was much weaker there from the 13th century onwards.  According to Ó Corráin (1998) "when and how the Vikings conquered and occupied the Isles is unknown, perhaps unknowable" although from 793 onwards repeated raids by Vikings on the British Isles are recorded. "All the islands of Britain" were devastated in 794 with Iona being sacked in 802 and 806.

As a result, most of the island names in Orkney and Shetland have Norse names and many in the Hebrides are Gaelic transformations of the original Norse, with the Norse ending -øy or -ey for "island" becoming -aigh in Gaelic and then -ay in modern Scots/English.

Gaelic influence

Perhaps surprisingly Shetland may have a Gaelic root—the name Innse Chat is referred to in early Irish literature and it is just possible that this forms part of the later Norn name Hjaltland— but the influence of this language in the toponymy of the Northern Isles is slight. No Gaelic-derived island names and indeed only two Q-Celtic words exist in the language of modern Orcadians - "iper" from eabhar, meaning a midden slurry, and "keero" from caora - used to describe a small sheep in the North Isles.

The Hebrides remain the stronghold of the modern Gàidhealtachd and unsurprisingly this language has had a significant influence on the islands there. It has been argued that the Norse impact on the onomasticon only applied to the islands north of Ardnamurchan and that original Gaelic place names predominate to the south. However, recent research suggests that the obliteration of pre-Norse names throughout the Hebrides was almost total and Gaelic derived place names on the southern islands are of post-Norse origin.

There are also examples of island names that were originally Gaelic but have become completely replaced. For example, Adomnán records Sainea, Elena, Ommon and Oideacha in the Inner Hebrides, which are of unknown location and these names must have passed out of usage in the Norse era. One of the complexities is that an island such as Rona may have had a Celtic name, that was replaced by a similar-sounding Norse name, but then reverted to an essentially Gaelic name with a Norse ending.

Scots and English names
In the context of the Northern Isles it should be borne in mind that Old Norse is a dead language and that as a result names of Old Norse origin exist only as loan words in the Scots language. Nonetheless if we distinguish between names of obviously Norse origin and those with a significant Scots element the great majority are in the former camp. "Muckle", meaning large or big, is one of few Scots words in the island names of the Nordreyar and appears in Muckle Roe and Muckle Flugga in Shetland and Muckle Green Holm and Muckle Skerry in Orkney.

Many small islets and skerries have Scots or Insular Scots names such as Da Skerries o da Rokness and Da Buddle Stane  in Shetland, and Kirk Rocks in Orkney.

Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae are English/Brythonic in derivation and there are other examples of the use of "great" and "little" such as Great Bernera and Rysa Little which are English/Gaelic and Norse/English respectively. The informal use of "Isle of" is commonplace, although only the Isle of Ewe, the Isle of May and Isle Martin of the larger Scottish islands use this nomenclature in a formal sense. "Island" also occurs, as in Island Macaskin and Mealista Island although both islands are also known by their Gaelic names of Eilean Macaskin and Eilean Mhealasta. Holy Island off Arran is an entirely English name as is the collective Small Isles. Ailsa Craig is also known as "Paddy's Milestone". Big Scare in the Solway Firth is an English/Norse combination, the second word coming from sker, a skerry.

Some smaller islets and skerries have English names such as Barrel of Butter and the Old Man of Hoy in Orkney and Maiden Island and Bottle Island in the Inner Hebrides.

The Norse often gave animal names to islands and these have been transferred into English in for example, the Calf of Flotta and Horse of Copinsay. Brother Isle is an anglicisation of breiðare-øy meaning "broad beach island". The Norse holmr, meaning  "a small and rounded islet" has become "Holm" in English and there are numerous examples of this use including Corn Holm, Thieves Holm and Little Holm.

Summary of inhabited islands
Etymological details for all inhabited islands and some larger uninhabited ones are provided at Hebrides, Northern Isles, Islands of the Clyde and Islands of the Forth.

Based on these tables, for the inhabited off-shore islands of Scotland (and counting Lewis and Harris as two islands for this purpose) the following results apply, excluding Scots/English qualifiers such as "muckle" "east", "little" etc.

See also
 Languages of Scotland
 Etymology of Arran
 Etymology of Gigha
 Origin of names of St Kilda
 List of Scottish Gaelic place names
 Goidelic substrate hypothesis
 Insular Celtic languages

References

Notes

Footnotes

General references

 Ballin Smith, B. and Banks, I. (eds) (2002) In the Shadow of the Brochs, the Iron Age in Scotland. Stroud. Tempus.
 Ballin Smith, Beverley; Taylor, Simon; and Williams, Gareth (2007) West over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300. Leiden. Brill.
 Clarkson, Tim (2008) The Picts: A History. Stroud. The History Press.

 Hunter, James (2000) Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Edinburgh. Mainstream.
 Gammeltoft, Peder (2010) "Shetland and Orkney Island-Names – A Dynamic Group". Northern Lights, Northern Words. Selected Papers from the FRLSU Conference, Kirkwall 2009, edited by Robert McColl Millar.
 Jennings, Andrew and Kruse, Arne "One Coast-Three Peoples: Names and Ethnicity in the Scottish West during the Early Viking period" in Woolf, Alex (ed.) (2009) Scandinavian Scotland – Twenty Years After. St Andrews. St Andrews University Press.
 King, Jacob and Cotter, Michelle (2012)  Place-names in Islay and Jura. Perth. Scottish Natural Heritage.

 Murray, W. H. (1966) The Hebrides. London. Heinemann.
 Murray, W.H. (1973) The Islands of Western Scotland. London. Eyre Methuen. SBN 413303802
 Omand, Donald (ed.) (2003) The Orkney Book. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
 Omand, Donald (ed.) (2006) The Argyll Book. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
 Rae, Robert J. "A Voyage in Search of Hinba" in Historic Argyll (2011) No. 16. Lorn Archaeological and Historical Society. Edited by J Overnell.
 Sandnes, Berit (2003) From Starafjall to Starling Hill: An investigation of the formation and development of Old Norse place-names in Orkney. (pdf) Doctoral Dissertation, NTU Trondheim.
 Sandnes, Berit (2010) "Linguistic patterns in the place-names of Norway and the Northern Isles" Northern Lights, Northern Words. Selected Papers from the FRLSU Conference, Kirkwall 2009, edited by Robert McColl Millar.
 Thompson, Francis (1968) Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Newton Abbot. David & Charles.
 Watson, W. J. (2004) The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland. Edinburgh. Birlinn. . First published 1926.

Category:Scottish toponymy
Category:Islands of Scotland
Category:Place name etymologies


2000–01 Czech 2. Liga

The 2000–01 Czech 2. Liga was the eighth season of the 2. česká fotbalová liga, the second tier of the Czech football league.

League standings

Top goalscorers

See also
 2000–01 Czech First League
 2000–01 Czech Cup

References

 Official website
 RSSSF

Category:Czech 2. Liga seasons
Czech
Category:2000–01 in Czech football


Tractus Fossae

The Tractus Fossae are a set of troughs in the Tharsis quadrangle of Mars, located at 26° north latitude and 101.4° west longitude. They are  long and are named after a classical albedo feature name. The term "fossae" is used to indicate large troughs when using geographical terminology related to Mars. Troughs, sometimes also called grabens, form when the crust is stretched until it breaks, which forms two breaks with a middle section moving down, leaving steep cliffs along the sides. Sometimes, a line of pits form as materials collapse into a void that forms from the stretching.

References

See also

 Fossa (geology)
 Geology of Mars
 HiRISE

Category:Valleys and canyons on Mars
Category:Tharsis quadrangle


2020 Los Angeles Sparks season

The 2020 WNBA season will be the 24th season for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association. The season will tip off on May 16, 2020, versus the Washington Mystics.

Transactions

WNBA Draft

Trades/Roster Changes

Roster

Game log

Preseason

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| Barclays Center
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| @ Phoenix Mercury
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| Seattle Storm
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| Las Vegas Aces
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|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 14
| June 20
| @ Seattle Storm
|
|
|
|
| Alaska Airlines Arena
| 0–0
|-
| 15
| June 23
| Phoenix Mercury
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 16
| June 28
| New York Liberty
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 17
| June 30
| Chicago Sky
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0

|-
| 18
| July 1
| Indiana Fever
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 19
| July 3
| @ Dallas Wings
|
|
|
|
| College Park Center
| 0–0
|-
| 20
| July 5
| Phoenix Mercury
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 21
| July 8
| Seattle Storm
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 22
| July 10
| @ Las Vegas Aces
|
|
|
|
| Mandalay Bay Events Center
| 0–0

|-
| 23
| August 16
| @ Phoenix Mercury
|
|
|
|
| Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum
| 0–0
|-
| 24
| August 19
| @ Minnesota Lynx
|
|
|
|
| Target Center
| 0–0
|-
| 25
| August 21
| @ Connecticut Sun
|
|
|
|
| Mohegan Sun Arena
| 0–0
|-
| 26
| August 23
| @ Washington Mystics
|
|
|
|
| St. Elizabeth's East Arena
| 0–0
|-
| 27
| August 25
| @ Chicago Sky
|
|
|
|
| Wintrust Arena
| 0–0
|-
| 28
| August 28
| @ Atlanta Dream
|
|
|
|
| Gateway Center Arena
| 0–0

|-
| 29
| September 1
| New York Liberty
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 30
| September 3
| Washington Mystics
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 31
| September 6
| Atlanta Dream
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 32
| September 8
| Indiana Fever
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 33
| September 10
| @ Dallas Wings
|
|
|
|
| College Park Center
| 0–0
|-
| 34
| September 13
| Dallas Wings
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 35
| September 15
| Atlanta Dream
|
|
|
|
| Staples Center
| 0–0
|-
| 36
| September 20
| @ Seattle Storm
|
|
|
|
| Angel of the Winds Arena
| 0–0

Standings

References

External links

Los Angeles Sparks at ESPN.com

Category:Los Angeles Sparks seasons
Los Angeles
Los Angeles Sparks


Tommaso de Aleni

Tommaso de Aleni (early 16th century) (also called Il Fadino), was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active in his native Cremona. He was a pupil of Galeazzo Campi. He was also influenced by the works of Perugino. He painted for the church of San Domenico at Cremona, where he was employed with Campi.  A Nativity (1515) formerly in the church of San Domenico, was moved to the town-hall of Cremona.

References

Category:16th-century Italian painters
Category:Italian male painters
Category:Cremonese painters
Category:Italian Renaissance painters


The Ride Tour

The Ride Tour is the ongoing second concert tour by WELSH indie rock band Catfish and the Bottlemen, in support of the group's second studio album The Ride. The tour was announced in February 2016 and began on 4 April 2016, in Glasgow, United Kingdom at the O2 Academy Glasgow. The tour is planned to travel across Europe and North America with a total of 50 shows planned so far. On 22 February 2016, the band announced an April 2016 stint of shows in UK, including Glasgow, Halifax, Southend On Sea, Doncaster, London and Brighton. The band will also headline several festivals across the UK throughout the summer, including Liverpool's 'Sound City' in May 2016, Bristol's Summer Series in July 2016 and Manchester's Castlebowl in July 2016. On 14 March 2016 it was announced that the band will play several dates in North America in June 2016. The band are also scheduled to play several European festivals this year, including Scotland's T in the Park, Spain's Benicàssim festival, Cumbria's Kendal Calling in July 2016, Cornwall's Boardmasters Festival in August 2016 and Germany's Lollapalooza in September 2016. The band will also support Welsh rock band Stereophonics on their Wrexham, Racecourse Ground stadium gig in July 2016, as part of their Keep the Village Alive tour.

Setlist

"Homesick"
"Kathleen"
"Soundcheck"
"Pacifier"
"Sidewinder"
"Anything"
"26"
"Business"
"Red"
"Fallout"
"Rango"
"Twice"
"Hourglass"
"7"
Encore
"Cocoon"
"Tyrants"

Tour dates

Notes

 – Dates – The band are supporting "Mumford & Sons"

References

Category:2016 concert tours
Category:Catfish and the Bottlemen concert tours


Fare Thee Well

Fare Thee Well may refer to:

"Fare Thee Well" (poem), an 1816 poem by Lord Byron
"Fare Thee Well" (song), an English folk ballad
"Dink's Song", or "Fare Thee Well", an American folk song
Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of the Grateful Dead, a series of concerts by the Grateful Dead
Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of the Grateful Dead (album), an album featuring music from the concerts

See also
 Farewell (disambiguation)


Rozhkovo, Vologda Oblast

Rozhkovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Parfyonovskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2002.

Geography
The distance to Veliky Ustyug is 12 km, to Karasovo is 6 km. Slobodka is the nearest rural locality.

References

Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast


Zahra Kazemi

Zahra "Ziba" Kazemi-Ahmadabadi ( in Persian) (1948 – July 11, 2003) was an Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer.

Although Iranian authorities insist that her death was accidental and that she died of a stroke while being interrogated. Her death was the first time an Iranian's death in custody attracted major international attention.  Because of her dual citizenship and the circumstances of her death, she has since become an international cause célèbre. In November 2003, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression honoured Kazemi with the Tara Singh Hayer Memorial Award in recognition of her courage in defending the right to free expression.

Life and death
Kazemi was born in Shiraz, Iran and  moved to France in 1974 to study literature and cinema at the University of Paris. With her son, Stephan Hachemi, she immigrated to Montreal Quebec, Canada in 1993, where she later gained dual citizenship as an Iranian and Canadian national. She worked in Africa, Latin-America and the Caribbean and then more frequently in various Middle Eastern countries, including the Palestinian territories, Iraq and Afghanistan. She visited the latter two countries both prior and during the US occupation. Immediately prior to her travelling to Iran, Kazemi revisited Iraq, documenting the American occupation. Recurrent themes in her work were the documentation of poverty, destitution, forced exile and oppression, and also the strength of women in these situations.

Arrest

Traveling back to her birth country using her Iranian passport, Kazemi was allowed into Iran to take photographs of the possible demonstrations that were expected to take place in Tehran in July 2003. The demonstrations took place and were effectively crushed after the sixth day by a massive deployment of security forces and paramilitary vigilantes, or "plainclothesmen." Following the clampdown, an estimated 4000 students "had gone missing" and were thought to have been arrested for protesting and taken to Evin prison, Tehran's political prisoner detention facility. As was customary after such events, family members of the missing gathered outside of Evin prison in north of Tehran in hopes of learning what had happened to their children. On June 23, 2003, Kazemi drove to the prison to take pictures of these family members, possessing a government-issued press card that she thought made it permissible for her to work around Tehran, including at Evin.

According to Shirin Ebadi – an Iranian lawyer and former judge who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2003, and later became the main representative of Kazemi's family at the trial over Kazemi's death – when a prison staff member saw Kazemi taking photographs he demanded that she give him her camera, as photography is prohibited in front of the prison.
Worried that officials might harass the families whose photos she had already taken, she flashed her press card and exposed the film to the light. The guard angrily yelled at her, ‘I didn't ask you to expose your film, I told you to give me your camera’ ‘You can have the camera’, she retorted, ‘but the film belongs to me.’ She was detained, and was interrogated over the next three days by police officers, prosecutors and intelligence officials.

The Evin prison staff, whom the Kazemi family's lawyers consider a party in the beatings that led to Kazemi's death, say that she had been in a sensitive area, photographing parts of the prison. Several days after her arrest, hardline newspapers ran stories of her arrest "calling her a spy who had entered the country undercover as a journalist."

Kazemi insisted that she did not photograph any part of the prison, only the street and the demonstrators, who were family members of activist students jailed in the prison.

Death
On July 11, 2003, nineteen days after she was arrested, Kazemi died in Iranian custody in Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Military Hospital. Two days later, Iran's official IRNA news agency reported that Kazemi had suffered a stroke while she was being interrogated and died in hospital. This account changed to one that Kazemi had died after falling and hitting her head. On July 16, 2003, Iran's vice-president, Mohammad Ali Abtahi, "conceded that Kazemi died as a result of being beaten". Mohammad Ali Abtahi (Vice President of Legal Affairs) and Masoud Pezeshkian (Minister of Health and Medical Education) admitted that she died of a fractured skull as a result of being hit in the head. Abtahi claims that he was under a lot of pressure to take back the acknowledgement, but he resisted it.

Shirin Ebadi reports that security officials searched the house of an unnamed friend that Kazemi had been staying at, and "kept asking" her friend about Kazemi's "‘medical condition’ and what medicines she took daily." Officials also kept Kazemi's elderly, frail mother who had journeyed from Shiraz to see her only child, from seeing Kazemi until they had questioned her about what the medicines they insisted her daughter must be using. Kazemi's friend told Ebadi that she later realized this meant Kazemi was dead and the officials "wanted to claim that Ziba had a preexisting condition that had simply worsened in prison."

The story did not become a major controversy until almost two years later, when Shahram Azam, a former staff physician in Iran's Defence Ministry, released a statement saying that he examined Kazemi in hospital four days after her arrest and found obvious signs of torture, including:
Evidence of a very brutal rape
A skull fracture, two broken fingers, missing fingernails, a crushed big toe and a broken nose.
Severe abdominal bruising, swelling behind the head and a bruised shoulder.
Deep scratches on the neck and evidence of flogging on the legs.

One of the two Iranian intelligence agents charged with her death was acquitted in September 2003. The other agent, Mohammed Reza Aghdam-Ahmadi (محمدرضا اقدم احمدی), was charged with "semi-intentional murder" and his trial opened in Tehran in October 2003. In the same month, the Iranian parliament condemned Saeed Mortazavi, a Tehran prosecutor, for announcing that Kazemi had died of a stroke. On July 25, 2004, Aghdam-Ahmadi was acquitted.

Murder trial
Shirin Ebadi was the main representative of Kazemi's family at the trial, and represented them at the second and third sessions of Aghdam-Ahmadi's trial, which took place on July 17–18, 2004. In the court, Kazemi's mother mentioned that she wanted the real murderer to be prosecuted. She also mentioned that she saw Kazemi's body before the burial, upon which there were signs of torture.

Ebadi and the other lawyers of the family insisted in the court that they know that Kazemi was not killed by Aghdam-Ahmadi, and they need witnesses to be brought to the court in order to find the real murderer, who they guessed may be Mohammad Bakhshi, a high officer of the Evin prison. The list of witnesses they requested included Saeed Mortazavi, the general prosecutor of Tehran, Mohsen Armin, reformist member of the previous parliament , Jamileh Kadivar, and Mohsen Mirdamadi, Minister of Intelligence Ali Younesi, the Vice President of Legal Affairs Mohammad Ali Abtahi, Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance Ahmad Masjedjamei, the five judges who were present during Kazemi's interrogation, a few employees of the Evin prison, the president of the Baghiyyatollah hospital, and all of the medical staff who had signed her file. Judge Farahani denied all of the requests. The lawyers also quoted the official report of death that various parts of Kazemi's body had been damaged and her clothes were torn and bloody, which proves that she had been tortured.

On July 14, 2004, the Iranian government rejected requests for Canadian government observers to attend the trial, despite promises and assurances by the Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi and judiciary officials to the Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Bill Graham. The same day, Graham recalled the ambassador at Tehran, Philip MacKinnon. MacKinnon, together with the Dutch ambassador (representing the European Union) and diplomats from the British and French embassies, were later allowed to attend the July 17 trial, though not the July 18 one. Judge Farahani was quoted on July 18 as saying that "(he) made a mistake yesterday. The bar is to show the world that Iran won't bow under pressure." Hamid Reza Assefi, the spokesman for the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said "We hadn't permitted an observer from the beginning. But you should ask the reason for the ban from the court, there may have been a shortage of seats." Assefi also said that since Iran does not recognize dual nationality and Kazemi was an Iranian citizen who entered the country under an Iranian passport, never having requested her citizenship to be removed, that the case was clearly an internal affair.

The trial sessions ended on July 18, with the lawyers of the Kazemi family insisting that the time had not been enough for proofs to be given, witnesses to be brought to court, and the murderer to be identified. They also mentioned that the court didn't pay attention to their evidence. They refused to sign the session notes. The Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister, Bill Graham, defined these events as "flagrant denial of due process".

On July 24, 2003, Judge Farahani issued his judgment, clearing Aghdam-Ahmadi of the charges. He also mentioned that since the murderer has not been found, according to the Islamic sources the blood money should be paid by the government to the family. The lawyers of Kazemi's family announced that they will appeal the case, asking for a criminal court to be established to reconsider the whole case, or completing the numerous incompletenesses of the file. They also mentioned that if the family asks, they will bring the case to the international authorities, mentioning Iran's 1954 signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The end of July saw Iran's judiciary adding "accidental fall" and "hunger strike" to the list of alleged causes for Kazemi's death. They claimed that Kazemi had gone on a hunger strike voluntarily, developed low blood pressure that made her dizzy, fell, and hit her head. Detractors point out that this story does not explain her broken bones, genital injuries or skin lacerations.

Timeline of events following Kazemi's death
July 13, 2003 - IRNA, Iran's official news agency, reports that Kazemi "suffered a stroke when she was subject to interrogation and died in hospital." The same day, under pressure from Canada, Iran's president, Mohammad Khatami, orders an assembly of five ministers to investigate her death.
July 16, 2003 - Kazemi's son, Stephan Hachemi, says he believes his mother has in fact been buried in Iran and is demanding the body be returned to Canada.
July 20, 2003 - IRNA reports that Kazemi died from a fractured skull caused by "a physical attack."
July 21, 2003 - Prosecutor General Saeed Mortazavi is appointed by Iran to head an independent investigative group to look into Kazemi's death. This appointment is immediately fiercely attacked by pro-reformist Iranian MPs, as Mortazavi had himself been accused of failing to prevent Kazemi's death, and was widely believed to be behind a recent wave of arrests of writers and journalists. Given this controversy, the investigation appeared unlikely to mollify Canada, which was growing increasingly impatient with Iran's unwillingness to "clearly demonstrate that officials are not allowed to act with impunity" (Foreign Minister Bill Graham, news conference).
July 23, 2003 - Kazemi's body is buried in her hometown of Shiraz in Iran, supposedly according to the wishes of her mother (Ezzat Kazemi) and relatives in Iran, but contrary to the wishes of her son (Stephan Hachemi, who resides in Montreal), and Canadian officials. Canada recalls its ambassador to Iran, and discusses the possibility of sanctions against Iran. (Her mother later said that she had been put under pressure to approve of an Iranian burial.)
July 25, 2003 - The Iranian Foreign Minister echoes the words of Canadian officials almost word for word while addressing Ottawa, in reference to the death of an 18-year-old Iranian citizen (Keyvan Tabesh) in Port Moody, British Columbia, Canada, by plainclothes police officers. The shooting occurred around the same time as Ms. Kazemi's death. He demands that Canadian officials "clearly demonstrate that officials in Canada are not allowed to act with impunity, ... [and] The Islamic republic will seek through diplomatic channels clear and convincing explanations of this crime." A Port Moody police investigation later finds that the use of force in the incident was consistent with police guidelines.
July 26, 2003 - Iran announces that it has arrested five members of its security services in connection with the investigation, and gives no further details.
July 30, 2003 - Iran's vice-president, Mohammad Ali Abtahi says that Kazemi was probably murdered by government agents.
August 25, 2003 - Two Iranian intelligence agents who had interrogated Kazemi are charged with complicity in her death. The Teheran prosecutor's office releases a statement reading in part, "The charges leveled against the interrogators, who are said to be members of the Intelligence Ministry, are announced as complicity in semi-intentional murder."
July 26, 2004 - Kazemi’s mother told the court that her daughter had been tortured, and said she was pressured into burying her daughter at her birthplace in southern Iran under duress in order to deny Canada the opportunity to carry out its own autopsy.
March 31, 2005 - Dr. Shahram Azam, the Iranian doctor who examined Kazemi just prior to her death, said he was shocked by the extent of her injuries, and felt she had been tortured. He reported injuries consistent with torture, such as flogging wounds on the back and missing fingernails. A female nurse told him of "brutal" genital injuries. Azam did not give her a vaginal examination himself as it is considered inappropriate in Iran for a male physician to examine a woman in this manner. Azam fled the country, seeking political asylum in Canada in order to tell his story.

Aftermath
In June 2005, an exhibition at the municipal Côte-Saint-Luc Library in Montreal of photos taken by Zahra Kazemi during her travels in Middle East was shut down following accusations by Jewish patrons of alleged "pro-Palestinian bias" for including five of her photographs on display that depicted scenes inside Palestinian refugee camps. Gallery officials proceeded to remove the five photographs while leaving the rest of the exhibition. In response, Kazemi's son, Stephen Hachemi, called the removal of the Palestinian photographs "a violation of my mother's spirit" and demanded that the library either display the entire collection or nothing at all. Eventually, the library closed the entire exhibition.

Côte Saint-Luc Mayor Robert Libman told CBC news "It's a very complicated conflict, and to create an impression where the Palestinian cause is being martyred by oppression by the Israeli government, we don't consider that to be a fair portrait, in the future, such politically charged work won't be displayed at the library". Critics of the decision to take down the exhibition denounced it as "censorship". Naomi Klein and Aaron Maté wrote that it is "part of a disturbing pattern to silence opposition to the expansionist Israeli occupation of the Occupied Territories". According to the caption that accompanied the photo exhibition, she "illustrated the daily life of Palestinians and the problems they faced as they sought to preserve their land and their identity" in the face of "exodus, poverty, humiliation, suffering, and the ravages of war".

Her life was one of the inspirations for the popular webcomic, Zahra's Paradise.

See also
List of famous Persian women
Human rights in Iran
List of foreign nationals detained in Iran

References

External links
CBC Montreal news story
BBC News story
BBC News's analysis of the trial
Burial in Iran
BBC This World, Iran: A Murder Mystery, broadcast in the UK on February 15, 2004
 Reports of the July 17, 2004 trial session in Vaghaye and Shargh, newspapers
obituary of Zahra Kazemi. by Khosro Naghed (Persian)
Canadian Journalists for Free Expression Urges Action
Free Expression Groups Call for Justice - IFEX
CBC: Background on Kazemi
Leader appointed prosecutor Mortazavi murdered Zahra Kazemi
WWF: Zahra Kazemi articles

Category:1948 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:Canada–Iran relations
Category:Canadian photojournalists
Category:Canadian people of Iranian descent
Category:Journalists from Quebec
Category:Iranian emigrants to Canada
Category:Iranian photographers
Category:Iranian journalists
Category:Iranian women journalists
Category:Iranian murder victims
Category:Iranian prisoners and detainees
Category:Murdered Canadian journalists
Category:Canadian people who died in prison custody
Category:Iranian people who died in prison custody
Category:Canadian torture victims
Category:Iranian torture victims
Category:Canadian people imprisoned abroad
Category:Prisoners who died in Iranian detention
Category:Deaths in police custody in Iran
Category:Canadian people murdered abroad
Category:People murdered in Iran
Category:Torture in Iran
Category:Canadian women journalists
Category:People from Shiraz
Category:Canadian women photographers
Category:Iranian women photographers
Category:Inmates of Evin Prison


Dahej railway station

Dahej railway station is a railway station on the Western Railway network in the state of Gujarat, India. Dahej railway station is 62 km far away from Bharuch Junction railway station. One MEMU train starts from here.

Trains
 Dahej - Bharuch MEMU

See also
 Bharuch district

References

Category:Railway stations in Bharuch district
Category:Vadodara railway division


Branko Gračanin

Branko Gračanin (born 19 October 1943 in Zagreb, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is a former Croatian football player. He capped 10 times, scoring 1 goal for Yugoslavia.

References
Profile on Serbian federation official site

Category:1943 births
Category:Living people
Category:Croatian footballers
Category:Yugoslav footballers
Category:Yugoslavia international footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:GNK Dinamo Zagreb players
Category:FC Istres players
Category:FC Mulhouse players
Category:Yugoslav First League players
Category:Ligue 2 players
Category:Croatian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in France
Category:Sportspeople from Zagreb


Åge Korsvold

Åge Korsvold (born 8 April 1946) is a Norwegian businessperson and since 2006 chief executive officer of Kistefos.

He was born in Oslo. He is educated in business administration from the University of Pennsylvania in 1971. He started working for Storebrand in 1972 before becoming chief financial officer in Golden West Shipping Co. in 1976 and then in Orkla Industrier in 1977. From 1983 to 1992 Korsvold was consultant in Fondsfinans, and from 1992 to 1994 CEO of Procorp. In 1994 he became CEO in UNI Storebrand.

He played a central role under the failed merger negotiations between UNI Storebrand and Kredittkassen in 1997 and was also central in the acquisition plans for the Swedish-Finninsh MeritaNordbanken in the fall of 1999. In 2000 he was forced to resign, and was later reported by the Norwegian National Authority for the Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime for illegal option trade.

He was chairman of the board of the Orkla Group briefly in 2000, as he was elected by the corporate council in September, but resigned after leaving Storebrand. He started as CEO of Kistefos in 2001. From 2003 he is also chairman of Ementor.

References

Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:Norwegian businesspeople
Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Category:Chief financial officers
Category:Norwegian chief executives


Salamis augustina

Salamis augustina is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found on Mauritius and Réunion.

Adults closely resemble Euploea euphon, of which it may be a mimic. They are on wing from April to May. Subspecies vinsoni is on wing from April to September.

Subspecies
Salamis augustina augustina (La Reunion)
Salamis augustina vinsoni Le Cerf, 1922 (Mauritius)

References

Category:Butterflies described in 1833
Category:Junoniini
Category:Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval


Streets of Heaven

Streets of Heaven may refer to:

Streets of Heaven (album) by Sherrié Austin
Streets of Heaven, album by John Illsley 2010
Streets of Heaven (song) by Sherrié Austin


Péré, Hautes-Pyrénées

Péré is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.

See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées


Calliostoma simodense

Calliostoma simodense is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Tristichotrochus).

Description
 The height of the shell attains 10 mm.µ

Distribution
This marine species occurs in the Indo-Pacific and off Japan.

References

External links

simodense
Category:Gastropods described in 1942


South Africa national baseball team

The South African national baseball team is a baseball team which represents the Republic of South Africa in international baseball competitions such as the World Baseball Classic and the Summer Olympics. The governing body of the team is the South African Baseball Union.

History

On 5 July 1931, the first inter-provincial match was played between the only two provincial teams, Transvaal and Natal, in front of a crowd of 4,000 spectators. Included in the match was Springbok cricketer Buster Nupen (Transvaal) and future Springbok cricketer Leslie Payn (Natal). Springbok All-Star teams would later be based on the best of several provinces, with Transvaal, Natal, and Western Province dominating.

In 1933, the clash between Natal and Transvaal included Olympic gold medal hurdler Sid Atkinson (Natal), Springbok cricketer Eric Dalton (Natal), Springbok cricket captain Jock Cameron (Transvaal), and Springbok cricketer Syd Curnow (Transvaal). In 1934, the match between Natal and Western Province featured Springbok rugby player Gerry Brand (Western Province).

The South African Baseball Federation was founded in 1935, with five provincial associations including Transvaal, Natal (founded 1931), Western Province (founded 1932), Eastern Province (founded 1934), and Border.

The first South African All-Star team appears to be formed on 19 November 1938, when an 'All Africa team' made up of the 'combined provinces' played a US Navy team from the USS Boise. South African cricketer Dudley Nourse featured for Natal a few days later , and was noted as winning 'admiration of the visitors'. Nourse would later go on to captain and manage the South African cricket team as well as later holding Springbok records for test appearances and batting average. When he was named Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1948, the Press Association reported Nourse 'became one of his country's leading baseball experts'. The score is recorded as 18-3 to US Navy.

In Cape Town, on 17 November 1945, a South African exhibition team made up of players from the Transvaal, Natal, Eastern, and Western Province provinces took on a US Navy team from the USS Tennessee and USS California battleships.  'Nearly 20,000 cheering fans witnessed the principal game, which the ships’ company was hard pressed to win by two tallies (six to four)'.

In Johannesburg, on 19 March 1950, the Australian cricket team ended their tour with a baseball match against a combined South African baseball team, in front of a reported record crowd of 12,000.

The American All-Stars (1955-1956)

During a visit to Battle Creek in Michigan, USA, in July 1955, the Chairman of the South African Baseball Board met with the President of American Baseball Congress to finalise arrangements for celebrating baseball's 50th year in South Africa. The three-month and unbeaten 33 game tour began on 14 November 1955, finishing in February 1956.

The 'semi-pro level' American All-Star team was managed by New York Yankees scout Terry Bartron and included Brooklyn Dodgers' Hall of Famer and World Series Runner Up (1953) Don Thompson, and Dick Stuart who went on to become World Series Champion (1960), a two-time All Star player (1961) and the first first-baseman in Major League Baseball history to record three assists in one inning (1963).

Seven of the 33 games were against the first-ever official South African All-Star 'test' team, which included Northern and Southern Rhodesia.

Tournament record

World Baseball Classic

2006
South Africa's inclusion in the WBC was considered rather surprising by many observers. No South African player reached Major League Baseball until Gift Ngoepe did so with the Pittsburgh Pirates on 27 April 2017 .

In the team's first game, South Africa nearly pulled off an upset of Canada, a team consisting of mostly Major League Baseball players. South Africa took an 8–7 lead into the ninth inning before falling 11–8. This would be as close as the team would get to winning a game. The South Africans lost the next two games to Mexico 10–4, and to the United States in a mercy rule-shortened 17–0 rout.

2009
South Africa competed at the 2009 World Baseball Classic in Group B with Mexico, Cuba, and Australia.

In game 1 South Africa were overpowered by international powerhouse Cuba, giving up 6 home runs in an 8–1 loss. The South African defence was a bright point in the match however, turning three double plays and 2 pickoffs.

In the group elimination match South Africa lost heavily to hosts Mexico 14–3. Although the South Africans kept it a one-run ball game heading into the 7th inning, the Mexican team pounced on the inexperienced bullpen pitchers that entered the game late on and scored 11 runs in the final three innings.

South Africa finished the 2009 WBC with an 0–2 record, with 4 runs scored and 22 conceded.

2012 Qualifier
Four qualifying tournaments were scheduled in 2012 for the 2013 World Baseball Classic, with one team advancing from each to join the 12 squads that had qualified previously by winning at least one game in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. Each of the pools included one team with previous experience in the WBC, but which failed to win a single game during the 2009 tournament. South Africa was placed in Qualifier 1 with Spain, France, and Israel at Roger Dean Stadium in Jupiter, Florida.

South Africa lost the first game of this double-elimination tournament to dark horse Israel, 7–3. They moved into the loser's bracket where they eliminated France, 5–2 in 11 innings, after Paul Bell hit a 2-run double into left field in the top of the 11th. In the loser's bracket final, South Africa fell to eventual WBC qualifier Spain, 13–3, and was eliminated from the tournament. Minnesota Twins prospect, Hein Robb pitched 5.1 innings in 2 relief appearances, giving up 0 runs while striking out 4 batters during the qualifying tournament.

Olympic Games

The national team appeared in their first and only Olympic tournament in the 2000 Olympics. South Africa gained entry into the tournament by beating Guam 3–0 in a best-of-five Africa/Oceania playoff series. The team finished with a record of 1–6, with their only win against Team Netherlands.

The win against the Netherlands was thanks largely to two key players:
Tim Harrell (P) pitched all 10 innings in the game, giving up just two un-earned runs on five walks and six hits, with four strikeouts.
Ian Holness (RF) knocked in all three of South Africa's runs. He hit a solo home run in the 6th inning against Dutch starter Patrick de Lange, followed by an RBI double off reliever Radhames Dykhoff. He finished off the run scoring by hitting another solo home run in the 10th inning, off Dutch closer Rikkert Faneyte.

The team competed at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament in Italy in September 2019. Among those who played for the team were Bradley Erasmus, Anthony Phillips, Darryn Smith, and Dylan Unsworth.

All-Africa Games

South Africa was the host of the All-Africa Games in 1999. South Africa won the gold medal with ease, by defeating all of the other national teams. In order of the wins South Africa won against Lesotho (43–0) with Ian Holness hitting 4 home runs and 14 RBIs, Zimbabwe (37–2), Nigeria (19–1), Uganda (31–0) and Ghana (28–3). South Africa was again the dominant power in the 2003 Games held in Abuja, cruising to the final where they beat Nigeria 15–0 to win Gold.

2017 roster

Rosters

World Baseball Classic Qualifier 2012 South Africa Team Roster
Alessio Angelucci
Paul Bell
Kyle Botha
Brandon Bouillon
Kieran Cree
Dylan De Meyer – Seattle Mariners
Michael Dempsey
Shannon Ekermans
Jared Elario
Kyle Ettisch
Ryan Groves
Richard Holgate
Wesley Hoskins
Gavin Jefferies
Robert Lewis-Walker – Cincinnati Reds
Dylan Lindsay
Kieran Lovegrove – San Francisco Giants
Wade Mackey
Carl Michaels
Faizel Moosa
Gift Ngoepe – Pittsburgh Pirates
Anthony Phillips – Oakland Athletics
Jonathan Phillips
Allan Randall
Hein Robb – Minnesota Twins
Tayler Scott – Chicago Cubs
Dylan Unsworth – Seattle Mariners
Darren Wedel
Karl Weitz
Brett Willemburg

Team Manager

Rick Magnante

2000 Summer Olympics
Neil Adonis
Clint Alfino
Francisco Alfino
Paul Bell
Vaughn Berriman
Jason Cook
Errol Davis
Simon de la Rey
Nick Dempsey
Ashley Dove
Darryl Gonsalves
Brian Harrell
Tim Harrell
Richard Harrell
Ian Holness
Kevin Johnson
Willem Kemp
More MacKay
Liall Mauritz
Glen Morris
Alan Phillips
Darryn Smith
Russell van Niekerk

Players who have represented South Africa.
Neil Adonis, South African national team designated hitter
Clint Alfino, South African national team outfielder
Francisco Alfino, South African national team infielder
Alessio Angelucci, minor league pitcher
Barry Armitage, minor league pitcher
Paul Bell, minor league infielder
Vaughn Berriman, South African national team pitcher
Kyle Botha, Bundesliga catcher
Scotty Bremner, South African national team catcher
Jason Cook, South African national team outfielder
Errol Davis, South African national team outfielder
Simon de la Rey, South African national team infielder
Dylan De Meyer, minor league pitcher
Michael Dempsey, South African national team outfielder
Nick Dempsey, minor league infielder
Ashley Dove, South African national team pitcher
Shannon Ekermans, South African national team pitcher
Justin Erasmus, minor league pitcher
Kyle Ettisch, South African national team catcher
Gavin Fingleson, minor league infielder
Darryl Gonsalves, South African national team catcher
Ryan Groves, South African national team pitcher
Brian Harrell, South African national team pitcher
Richard Harrell, South African national team pitcher
Tim Harrell, minor league pitcher
Donavon Hendricks, minor league pitcher
Ian Holness, South African national team outfielder
Kevin Johnson, South African national team infielder
Michael Johnson, Great Britain national team pitcher
Willem Kemp, Bundesliga catcher
Tyrone Lamont, minor league pitcher
Justin Lazarus, Bundesliga infielder
Robert Lewis-Walker, minor league pitcher
Roddi Liebenberg, Great Britain national team pitcher
George Lintern, Great Britain national team outfielder
Will Lintern, Bundesliga catcher
Kieran Lovegrove, minor league pitcher
Dave Lowery,South African national team pitcher
Morne Mackay, South African national team infielder
Liall Mauritz, South African national team pitcher
Carl Michaels, minor league pitcher
Mark Miller, minor league catcher
Faizel Moosa, South African national team outfielder
Glen Morris, South African national team pitcher
Mpho Ngoepe, minor league infielder
Alan Phillips, South African national team player
Anthony Phillips, minor league infielder
Jonathan Phillips, minor league infielder
Ashley Scott, South African national team infielder
Darryn Smith, South African national team pitcher
Raymond Tew, South African national team manager
Michael Trask, Great Britain national team outfielder
Ryan Trask, Great Britain national team outfielder
Russell van Niekerk, South African national team pitcher
Darren Wedel, South African national team player
Konrad Weitz, minor league catcher
Brett Willemburg, minor league infielder

References

Category:National baseball teams in Africa
Baseball
Category:Baseball in South Africa


Jocks Lagoon

Jocks Lagoon is an  freshwater coastal lagoon in north-eastern Tasmania, Australia. In 1982 it was designated a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.

Description
The lagoon is located approximately  south-east of the town of St Helens. It lies partly on private land and partly at the southern end of the St Helens Point conservation area. One of a chain of wetlands along St Helens Point, it is  inland from the coast, near a dunefield. About  long and  wide, it is dystrophic, with tannin-stained, low-nutrient, acidic waters. Water levels fluctuate with rainfall and reach a depth of .

Vegetation
While the northern half of the lagoon is mainly open water, the southern half is mostly covered with emergent rushes and sedges. Threatened plants recorded from the site, or suspected to be present, include jointed twigsedge, slender twigsedge, zigzag bogsedge, yellow onion orchid and erect marshflower.

A total of 51 vascular plant species were recorded from the lagoon by a recent study. Of that total, half were species that grow in swamps or damp areas; vegetation common to dry areas, coastal woodland and Melaleuca forest made up the remainder of the list. The lagoon's aquatic flora is equally rich. Several rare species occur there.

Ramsar criteria
Although Jocks Lagoon is listed as a Ramsar Site, it does not meet all four criteria that determine a site as a Ramsar Site. The lagoon does not meet criterion four, which states that a Ramsar Site is one that "supports species at critical stages or provides refuge in adverse conditions."

See also

 List of Ramsar sites in Australia
 List of lakes in Tasmania

References

Category:Ramsar sites in Australia
Category:Lakes of Tasmania
Category:East Coast Tasmania


Samuel Winslow (mayor)

Samuel Winslow was an American politician who served as 26th Mayor of Worcester, Massachusetts from 1886 to 1889.

Early Life and Career
Samuel Winslow was born in Newton, Massachusetts on February 28, 1827. He received his early education in the school of Newton. Upon leaving school, he was employed in the manufacture of cotton machinery, in which he showed so much inventive skill that he was made foreman in his shop at the age of twenty. He came to Worcester in 1855 and formed a co-partnership with his brother. In 1857 they began the manufacture of skates. After his brother's death Winslow continued the business until the formation of the Samuel Winslow Skate Manufacturing Company in 1886.

Winslow was a member of the Common Council of Worcester in 1864-65. In 1885, he was elected mayor of Worcester, and was re-elected two times. He was both vice president and later president of the Worcester County Mechanic's Association.

Winslow died in Worcester on October 21, 1894 and was buried in Hope Cemetery.

References

Category:1827 births
Category:1894 deaths
Category:Mayors of Worcester, Massachusetts
Category:People from Newton, Massachusetts


1903 Bulgarian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 19 October 1903. The result was a victory for the People's Party, which won 134 of the 169 seats. Voter turnout was 41.2%.

Results

References

Category:1903 elections in Europe
Category:1903 in Bulgaria
Category:Parliamentary elections in Bulgaria


Brussels sprout

The Brussels sprout is a member of the Gemmifera Group of cabbages (Brassica oleracea), grown for its edible buds.

The leaf vegetables are typically 1.5–4.0 cm (0.6–1.6 in) in diameter and look like miniature cabbages. The Brussels sprout has long been popular in Brussels, Belgium, and may have  gained its name there.

Etymology
Although native to the Mediterranean region with other cabbage species, Brussels sprouts first appeared in northern Europe during the fifth century, later being cultivated in the 13th century near Brussels, from which they derived their name.

Cultivation
Forerunners to modern Brussels sprouts were probably cultivated in Ancient Rome.  Brussels sprouts as they are now known were grown possibly as early as the 13th century in what is now Belgium. The first written reference dates to 1587. During the 16th century, they enjoyed a popularity in the southern Netherlands that eventually spread throughout the cooler parts of Northern Europe.

Brussels sprouts grow in temperature ranges of 7–24 °C (45–75 °F), with highest yields at 15–18 °C (59–64 °F). Fields are ready for harvest 90 to 180 days after planting. The edible sprouts grow like buds in helical patterns along the side of long, thick stalks of about  in height, maturing over several weeks from the lower to the upper part of the stalk. Sprouts may be picked by hand into baskets, in which case several harvests are made of five to 15 sprouts at a time, or by cutting the entire stalk at once for processing, or by mechanical harvester, depending on variety. Each stalk can produce , although the commercial yield is about  per stalk. Harvest season in temperate zones of the northern latitudes is September to March, making Brussels sprouts a traditional winter-stock vegetable. In the home garden, harvest can be delayed as quality does not suffer from freezing. Sprouts are considered to be sweetest after a frost.

Brussels sprouts are a cultivar group of the same species as broccoli, cabbage, collard greens, kale, and kohlrabi; they are cruciferous (they belong to the family Brassicaceae; old name Cruciferae). Many cultivars are available; some are purple in color, such as 'Ruby Crunch' or 'Red Bull'. The purple varieties are hybrids between purple cabbage and regular green Brussels sprouts developed by a Dutch botanist in the 1940s, yielding a variety with some of the red cabbage's purple colors and greater sweetness. In the 1990s, Dutch scientist Hans van Doorn (working at Novartis, now Syngenta) identified the chemicals that make Brussels sprouts bitter. This enabled Dutch seed companies to cross-breed archived low-bitterness varieties with modern high-yield varieties, over time producing a significant increase in the popularity of the vegetable.

Europe
In Continental Europe, the largest producers are the Netherlands, at 82,000 metric tons, and Germany, at 10,000 tons. The United Kingdom has production comparable to that of the Netherlands, but its crop is generally not exported.

North America
Production of Brussels sprouts in the United States began in the 18th century, when French settlers brought them to Louisiana. The first plantings in California's Central Coast began in the 1920s, with significant production beginning in the 1940s. Currently, several thousand acres are planted in coastal areas of San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and Monterey counties of California, which offer an ideal combination of coastal fog and cool temperatures year-round. The harvest season lasts from June through January.

Most U.S. production is in California, with a smaller percentage of the crop grown in Skagit Valley, Washington, where cool springs, mild summers, and rich soil abounds, and to a lesser degree on Long Island, New York. Total U.S. production is around 32,000 tons, with a value of $27 million.

About 80 to 85% of U.S. production is for the frozen food market, with the remainder for fresh consumption. Once harvested, sprouts last 3–5 weeks under ideal near-freezing conditions before wilting and discoloring, and about half as long at refrigerator temperature. U.S. varieties are generally  in diameter.

Nutrients, phytochemicals and research
Raw Brussels sprouts are 86% water, 9% carbohydrates, 3% protein, and contain negligible fat. In a 100 gram reference amount, they supply high levels (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin C (102% DV) and vitamin K (169% DV), with more moderate amounts of B vitamins, such as folate and vitamin B6 (USDA nutrient table, right); essential minerals and dietary fiber exist in moderate to low amounts (table).

Brussels sprouts, as with broccoli and other brassicas, contain sulforaphane, a phytochemical under basic research for its potential biological properties. Although boiling reduces the level of sulforaphane, steaming, microwave cooking, and stir frying do not cause a significant loss.

Consuming Brussels sprouts in excess may not be suitable for people taking anticoagulants, such as warfarin, since they contain vitamin K, a blood-clotting factor. In one incident, eating too many Brussels sprouts led to hospitalization for an individual on blood-thinning therapy.

Cooking and preparation

The most common method of preparing Brussels sprouts for cooking begins with cutting the buds off the stalk. Any surplus stem is cut away, and any loose surface leaves are peeled and discarded. Once cut and cleaned, the buds are typically cooked by boiling, steaming, stir frying, grilling, slow cooking, or roasting. To ensure even cooking throughout, buds of a similar size are usually chosen. Some cooks make a single cut or a cross in the center of the stem to aid the penetration of heat. The cross cut may, however, be ineffective.

Overcooking renders the buds gray and soft, and they then develop a strong flavor and odor that some dislike for its garlic- or onion-odor properties. The odor is associated with the glucosinolate sinigrin, a sulfur compound having characteristic pungency. For taste, roasting Brussels sprouts is a common way to cook them to enhance flavor. Common toppings or additions for Brussels sprouts include Parmesan cheese and butter, balsamic vinegar, brown sugar, chestnuts, or pepper. Another way of cooking Brussels sprouts is to sauté them. Brussels sprouts can be pickled as an alternative to cooking them.

Gallery

References

External links

 Brassica oleracea gemmifera – Plants For a Future database entry

Category:Brassica oleracea
Category:Edible plants
Category:Leaf vegetables
Category:History of Brussels
Category:Miniature versions of vegetables
Category:Belgian cuisine
Category:Belgian inventions


Best Time

Best Time (Chinese: 最美的時光) is a 2013 Chinese television series based on the novel The Most Beautiful Time by Tong Hua. It aired on Hunan TV from 20 November to 22 December 2013.

Synopsis
In high school, Su Man (Janine Chang) fell in love with Song Yi (Jia Nailiang), a student with good academics and superior basketball skills. She was then admitted to Tsinghua University School of Management and have never heard about him since. Ten years later, Su Man finds out that Song Yi is back from the United States and is the new director of MG Company. She decides to join the company and applies for a clerk post faking her resume. The Chief Investment Officer Lu Licheng (Wallace Chung), who aspires to become the CEO of the company, finds out her true identity and threatens her; yet he appreciates her talent and keeps her by his side. The events took an unexpected turn when Su Man's best friend falls for Song Yi, and Lu Licheng develops feelings for Su Man.

Cast
 Wallace Chung as Lu Licheng
 Janine Chang as Su Man
 Jia Nailiang as Song Yi
 Catherine Han as Xu Lianshuang
 Jiang Yijia as Lin Da
 Xiang Jin as Chun Ni
 Jiang Kai as Mike
 Ying Er as Xu Qiu
 Jiang Yijia as Lin Da
 Mou Xiangying as Helen
 Liu Ling as Mrs. Xu
 He Jiang as Xu Zhongjin

Soundtrack

Awards and nominations

External links

Category:Television programs based on works by Tong Hua (writer)
Category:Television shows set in China
Category:2013 Chinese television series debuts
Category:Chinese romance television series
Category:Hunan Television dramas


What's Your Raashee? (soundtrack)

What's Your Raashee? is the soundtrack album to the 2009 romantic comedy film of the same name. The soundtrack is composed by Sohail Sen and the lyrics are penned by Javed Akhtar. It was released by Sony Music on 9 September 2009 and upon release, the soundtrack received critical acclaim from music critics, who commended Sen's musicianship and vocal ability.

Development
There was a speculation that the soundtrack of What's Your Raashee? will be composed by the Academy Award winner, A. R. Rahman, but soon afterwards, director Ashutosh Gowariker announced that he would be hiring newcomer, Sohail Sen to compose the soundtrack of the movie. The track listing for the soundtrack took more than one and a half years to be finalised. The album consists of thirteen songs, which is made up of twelve songs for each zodiac sign representing the characters played by Priyanka Chopra, and one introductory song. Sen has lent his voice for nine out of the thirteen songs in addition to composing the soundtrack.

Track listing

Reception

Although the response to the feature film itself was negative, the soundtrack has been able to gain mainly positive reviews. The Song "Jao Na" was a chartbuster, and was popular among the audiences. Bollywood Hungama praises Sohail Sen and Javed Akhtar for their work and quoted the album as "interestingly done" and "an experience not to be missed". The album received an overall rating of four out of five stars. Ankit Ojha from Planet Bollywood called it "A Musical Extravaganza!". BBC Music said "Sen shows he can successfully compete with the best in Bollywood".

Album credits

Musicians
Sunil Daas – sitar
Bilshad Khan – sarangi
Kishore Singh – ravan hattha
Iqbal Warshi – taar shehnai
P.M.K. Naveen Kumar, K.Srinivasan, Parasnath – flute
Sumit Mitra – accordion
Pawan Rasaily, Ankur Mukherjee, Chintoo Singh, Tushar Parte – guitar
Rashid Khan – bulbul tarang
Gino Banks, Ankeet Bham – drums
Pratap Rath, Shadab Roshan – percussion
Ritu Raj – tenor sax
Joseph M. – trumpet
Nirmal Mukherjee, Suresh Soni, Pradeep Lad, Ram Prakash K, Raju Sardar, Aziz Khan, Yusuf Moh’d, Aslam Dafrani, Iqbal Langa, Anoop Shankar, Hafeez Ahmed Khan, Roshan Ali, Sanjeev Vyas, Sharafat Khan – rhythm
Pradeep Sen Gupta, Chandrakant L – mandolin
Cine Musician Association, Mumbai – strings

Production
Producer: Sohail Sen
Recording Engineers: R. Muralidhar, Aditya Modi, Shantanu Hudlikar, Abhishek Khandelwal, Rafiq Sen
Mixing: R. Muralidhar
Mastering: Shadab Rayeen, Aditya Modi
Additional Programming: Simaab Sen, Santosh Mulekar, Praful Keluskar, Shreeram Iyer
Music co-ordination: Ramanand Shetty, Sheshappa T. Poojari
Music Design & Production: Rajeev Bhatt
Rhythm Conduction: Sanjeev Sen

Credits adapted from the liner notes of What's Your Raashee?.

References

Category:Hindi film soundtracks
Category:2009 soundtracks


Guamia

Guamia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the soursop family, Annonaceae. The sole species it contains, Guamia mariannae, is endemic to the Marianas Islands.

References

External links

Category:Monotypic magnoliid genera
Category:Annonaceae genera
Category:Flora of Marianas


Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ

Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ was a Japanese music variety show on Fuji Television hosted by the comedy duo Downtown, which consists of Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada. It is a very popular show with comical hosts who like to pick on their guests. An episode usually consists of live performances (of recently released songs) from popular artists, chat segments and other fun and games.

Many famous singers such as Ayumi Hamasaki, Britney Spears, Utada Hikaru, and Namie Amuro have performed almost all of their singles on this show.  Japanese rock artists such as Glay, X Japan, Alice Nine, The Gazette, Nightmare, Gackt, and L'Arc-en-Ciel have also been on the show performing their hit singles as well as playing games with the hosts. All bands signed under Johnny & Associates have also appeared on the show as guests and have performed their latest hit songs. South Korean boybands SS501, Big Bang, TVXQ and girl groups S.E.S., Girls' Generation, and Kara have also appeared on the show.

On September 18, 2012, Fuji TV announced that "Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ" would end its run after eighteen years. The series finale aired on December 17, 2012.

Segments

Music mixture
In this quiz game segment, four or five teams of one or more individuals try to guess songs as they are played four at a time. (As each song is correctly guessed, they are eliminated from the mixture.) Each song has a descending point value, from 40 for the first song guessed to 10 for the last.

The game is played in four rounds, with the final round determining the winner in one of two ways through a random draw. The "NG" variation has one of the four songs in the final rounds taking away 100 points from the individual/team who guessed it. The "Lucky" variation is exactly the reverse: one of the final round songs gives 100 points to the individual/team who guessed it.

Telephone box
In this interview segment, guests are interviewed over a telephone in an English-style phone box.

Rainichi-In
This interview segment focuses on non-Japanese artists that have a loyal following in Japan, such as Ne-Yo and Britney Spears.

Hoshi no resutoran (The Star restaurant)
This segment is a combination interview/cooking show: a chef from a restaurant selected by the guest(s) as his/her/their favorite restaurant cooks for that guest and Downtown. One notable example of this is when X Japan co-founder Yoshiki noted the Shibuya-based restaurant La Rochelle as his favorite place.

The restaurant's owner/head chef, Hiroyuki Sakai, came on the show to cook a special dish for Yoshiki.

Other competitions
Miscellaneous competition segments have also occurred over the show's run, many of which started rivalries between Downtown and guests. One such example is a 1999 billiards competition between entertainer Masaharu Fukuyama and Hitoshi Matsumoto, which led to an Iron Chef battle between the two.

See also
 FNS Music Festival

References

External links

Category:Fuji Television shows
Category:Japanese music television series
Category:1994 Japanese television series debuts
Category:2012 Japanese television series endings


Robert Maxwell (disambiguation)

Robert Maxwell (1923–1991) was a British media proprietor and Member of Parliament.

Robert Maxwell may also refer to:

Politicians
Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell (1493–1546), Scottish statesman
Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale (after 1586–1646), Scottish Catholic peer
Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Farnham (c. 1720–1779), Irish politician
Robert A. Maxwell (1838–1912), American politician in New York

Others
Robert Maxwell (cricketer) (born 1945), New Zealand cricketer
Robert Maxwell (golfer) (1876–1949), Scottish amateur golfer
Robert Maxwell (hurdler) (1902–1985), American Olympic hurdler
Robert Maxwell (producer) (1908–1971), American producer of The Adventures of Superman and Lassie TV shows
Robert Maxwell (songwriter) (1921–2012), American harpist and songwriter
Robert Maxwell (writer) (1696–1766), Scottish writer on agriculture
Robert Maxwell (priest) (died 1622), Irish dean
Robert Maxwell (bishop) (died 1672), Anglican bishop in Ireland
Robert Maxwell (cinematographer) (1923–1978), American cinematographer
Robert Maxwell (footballer), Scottish footballer
Robert D. Maxwell (1920–2019), American World War II Medal of Honor recipient
Robert Earl Maxwell (1924–2010), United States federal judge
Tiny Maxwell (Robert W. Maxwell, 1884–1922), American football player, coach, and official; sports editor; namesake of the Maxwell Football Club and the Maxwell Trophy
Bobby Maxwell (character), fictional character from the 1976 American film The Enforcer


Ziman

Ziman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Ziman (1925–2005), British-born New Zealand physicist and humanist
Richard Ziman (born 1942), American real estate investor, philanthropist and political donor


Arthur George Walker

Arthur George Walker  (20 October 1861 – 13 September 1939) was an English sculptor and painter. Among his best-known works are several war memorials and the statue of Florence Nightingale in Waterloo Place, London.

Personal life

Arthur George Walker was born 20 October 1861 to Robert Walker and his wife in Hackney, London. Robert Walker was a ship owner and surveyor. Until 1911, Walker lived with his Aunt Isabella and two siblings, Emily and Harold. He studied at the Royal Academy from about 1883 to 1887 and during this time won various prizes. He died aged 77 on 13 September 1939 in England.

Works

War Memorials

Memorials to individuals and other statues

Other works

References

External links

 Royal Academy of Arts profile

Category:1861 births
Category:1939 deaths
Category:English sculptors
Category:English male sculptors
Category:Modern sculptors
Category:People from Hackney Central
Category:20th-century British sculptors
Category:19th-century British sculptors
Category:Royal Academicians
Category:19th-century male artists


Ivashkivtsi

Ivashkivtsi () may refer to the following places in Ukraine:

Ivashkivtsi, Khmelnytskyi Raion, village in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Ivashkivtsi, Nova Ushytsia Raion, village in Nova Ushytsia Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Ivashkivtsi, Lviv Oblast, village in Turka Raion, Lviv Oblast
Ivashkivtsi, Ternopil Oblast, village in Zbarazh Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Ivashkivtsi, Vinnytsia Oblast, village in Sharhorod Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast


Shankar Govinda Chowdhury Stadium

Shankar Govinda Chowdhury Stadium (Bangla:শংকর গোবিন্দ চৌধুরী স্টেডিয়াম) is the district stadium of, Natore, Bangladesh. The stadium is located by the Children's Park of Natore municipality. Stadium is a multi-purpose venue, mainly used for national day parade, district level football completions.

Hosting National Sporting Event

 The zonal host of 4th National Football Championship from June 25 to July 1 in 2004.
 The zonal host of 5th National Football Championship from September 15-26 in 2005.

See also
Stadiums in Bangladesh
List of cricket grounds in Bangladesh
Sheikh Kamal Stadium, Nilphamari

References

Category:Cricket grounds in Bangladesh
Category:Football venues in Bangladesh


Árraga

Árraga is a municipality and village in Santiago del Estero in Argentina. It is the head district of the Silípica Department to the southwest of the province of Santiago del Estero. It is located 32 km from the provincial capital city of Santiago del Estero (capital), south along National Route 9.

Population
Arraga's population, according to the 2001 census, was 903 inhabitants, representing 41% of the Department.

References

Category:Populated places in Santiago del Estero Province


Lucid (album)

Lucid is the fifth studio album by American R&B singer Lyfe Jennings. The album was released on October 8, 2013, by Mass Appeal Entertainment. On May 8, 2013, the album's first single "Boomerang" was released. On July 25, 2013, the music video was released for "Boomerang".

Critical reception

Lucid was met with a generally positive reviews from music critics. Andy Kellman of AllMusic gave the album three out of four stars, saying "Jennings draws character sketches, spins cautionary tales—as someone still growing, learning from his mistakes—and largely sticks to the type of mature R&B that his listeners don't get from anyone else. He briefly breaks from the norm with "Rock," a classy but contemporary steppers groove that's one of his best songs. Despite a mostly new cast of collaborators—including TGT associate Brandon Hodge and producer/songwriter Lashaunda "Babygirl" Carr—Lucid is a natural progression for a veteran artist who seems to have plenty left to express."

Track listing

Charts

References

Category:Lyfe Jennings albums
Category:2013 albums