Fort Robinson massacre

The Fort Robinson tragedy  (winter 1878-1879) refers to a series of events which occurred during the winter of 1878-1879 at Fort Robinson in northwestern Nebraska. After having been forced to relocate south to the Darlington Agency in the Southern Cheyenne Reservation, a band of Northern Cheyenne fled back north in September 1878 because of the terrible conditions. The US Army intercepted part of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus and took a band of nearly 150 Cheyenne to Fort Robinson in Nebraska.

In January, after the Cheyenne had refused an earlier order to return to the south, the soldiers began to treat them more harshly to try to force them south: they were confined to a barracks without rations or wood for heat.  Most of the band escaped on January 9, but the US Army hunted them down.  They quickly returned 65 to the fort, and by January 22 cornered and killed most of the last 32 escapees, as they were poorly armed and greatly outnumbered by 150 soldiers.

Journey north
In September 1878, a band of nearly 300 Northern Cheyenne, under the leadership of Little Wolf and Dull Knife, fled from the Indian Territory north through Kansas to return to their traditional lands in the Powder River country of Wyoming and Montana. They were pursued by US Army troops, but the warriors successfully fought the soldiers off as they crossed Kansas. They lived off the land, sometimes raiding settlers and cattlemen along the way to obtain horses and food.

Division
In the fall of 1878 beyond the North Platte River, after crossing into Nebraska, the Cheyenne held council.  They realized that 34 of the original 297 were missing; most had been killed but a few had decided to take other paths to the north. The Cheyenne decided to split into two groups. Those who wished to stop running, including Wild Hog and Left Hand, planned to go with Dull Knife to the Red Cloud Agency, where the Lakota were located. The Cheyenne who wanted to return to the Powder River country went with Little Wolf.

Surrender
On October 23, 1878 in a blinding snowstorm, Dull Knife's band found they were surrounded by the US army; the encounter was accidental, as neither party saw the other due to the snow. Dull Knife convinced his warriors not to attack the soldiers; likewise, the army troops stood down.  Representatives held a short parley, and the two groups camped overnight. By morning a foot of snow covered the ground. The soldiers offered some food and a few spare blankets to the Cheyenne, and suggested a move to a better camp nearby. The army confiscated the Cheyenne ponies but distributed more rations, including sugar and coffee. The next morning after a two-hour council, the Cheyenne agreed to surrender their weapons. They turned over only the older ones and concealed many. After learning that Red Cloud and Spotted Tail had been relocated to Pine Ridge, Dull Knife decided, due to the weather and his people's condition, to go to Fort Robinson. That night they took apart their best guns to hide the pieces: women hid the barrels under their clothing, and the smaller pieces were attached to clothes and moccasins as ornaments.

Fort Robinson
At sundown on October 26, 1878 the Cheyenne reached Fort Robinson. They were housed in an empty barracks about the size of a tennis court. The first night they were closely guarded and their baggage searched; the Army found a few guns. Sentries were posted in the barrack, but the Cheyenne otherwise had their run of the post.  They could leave the Fort during the day, but all had to return by nightfall. The soldiers warned them that if anyone left, the rest of the band would be confined to the barracks. In November, 148 Cheyenne were counted.

By November 22 Carl Schurz, the Secretary of the Interior, had decided that the Cheyenne had to be returned to the south. This was also recommended by General Phillip Sheridan, commander of the Division of Missouri.

Late in November, Bull Hump, Dull Knife's son, borrowed a horse from Tangle Hair and left to see relatives who were living with the Sioux. The Army withdrew privileges and confined the Cheyenne to the barracks. The US Indian agent tried to negotiate with the Cheyenne about returning to the south, but they said they would rather die than return. While the US representatives did not accept the strength of the Cheyenne attitude then, later they realized its truth.

On December 4, 1878 Captain Henry W. Wessells, Jr. took command of the post. Born in Sackets Harbor, New York, and educated in Connecticut, Wessells had served in the west since 1870. At first he got on well with the leader Dull Knife and his family. The Cheyenne called him "Long Nose".

In December Red Cloud was brought to Fort Robinson for a council with Dull Knife and the other chiefs. Dull Knife agreed to fight no more if the great father in Washington would let his people live on Pine Ridge Reservation, which held Red Cloud and his tribe. But, on January 3, 1879 the Cheyenne were ordered to return south to the Southern Cheyenne reservation.

Confinement
When the Cheyenne refused to return to the reservation in the south, the soldiers put bars on the barracks windows and ended the rations.  They gave no wood or heat. On January 9, Dull Knife still refused to go back south.  Wild Hog and Left Hand agreed to talk with the soldiers, but said their people refused to return south. The soldiers took Wild Hog as a prisoner and put him in shackles.

Escape
At 9:45 that night, the Cheyenne escaped, using the guns they had hidden.  The soldiers followed them quickly and killed many. By morning the soldiers had returned 65 Cheyenne to the fort as prisoners, among whom were 23 wounded.  Thirty-eight Cheyenne had escaped, and the Army continued to pursue them to the north. Over the next few days, soldiers found six Cheyenne who had hidden near the fort and took them back as captives.

The Pit
On January 22, two weeks after the Cheyenne escape, the soldiers cornered the 32 remaining band members above the Hat Creek bluffs, about 35 miles northwest of Fort Robinson.  Led by Little Finger Nail, 18 men and boys, and 14 women and children prepared a defensive position in a dry creek bed, which came to be known as "The Pit". Wessells led four companies of soldiers, about 150 men, to attack the position from three directions. Despite withering Cheyenne fire from the pit, the soldiers repeatedly charged to its rim and fired in at the escapees. The soldiers' calls for surrender were met with gunfire. The soldiers killed or fatally wounded all the warriors, along with four women and two children. They found eight survivors, most beneath bodies of the dead. The Cheyenne killed several troopers and Wessells was wounded in the assault.

Casualties
Dull Knife's band of Northern Cheyenne suffered between 32 and 64 people killed, about 23 wounded, and 78 others captured. Only about 10 Cheyenne, including Dull Knife, managed to escape, either to Little Wolf's band or the Sioux reservation. The U.S. Army lost 11 soldiers of the 3rd Cavalry killed, one Indian scout killed, and 9 additional men wounded during the breakout and following battles.

Cheyenne killed
 Left Hand (January 9)
 White Antelope (January 9)
 Sitting Man (January 9)
 Black Bear (January 22)
 Little Finger Nail (January 22)

Cheyenne wounded
 Tangle Hair (Wounded and Captured, January 9)

U.S. killed
 Private Frank Schmidt, Company A, 3rd Cavalry (January 9)
 Private Peter Hulse, Company A, 3rd Cavalry (January 9)
 Private W. H. Good, Company L, 3rd Cavalry (January)
 Private W. W. Everett, Company H, 3rd Cavalry (January)
 Corporal Henry P. Orr, Company A, 3rd Cavalry (January)
 Private Bernard Kelly, Company E, 3rd Cavalry (January)
 Private Amos J. Barbour, Company, 3rd Cavalry (January)
 Farrier George Brown, Company A, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)
 Sergeant James Taggart, Company A, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)
 Private George Nelson, Company A, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)
 Private Henry A. DuBlois, Company H, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)
 Woman's Clothes, Indian Scout, mortally wounded (January 22)

U.S. wounded
 Captain Henry W. Wessells, Jr., Company H, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)
 First Sergeant Ambrose, Company E, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)
 Sergeant Read, Company H, 3rd Cavalry (January 22)

Aftermath
General George Crook sent a board of officers to investigate the massacre at Fort Robinson. This group consisted of Major Andrew W. Evans, 3rd Cavalry; Captain John M. Hamilton, 5th Cavalry; and First Lieutenant Walter S. Shuyler, of Company B, 5th Cavalry (Schuyler was the Aide-de-camp of Crook). Major Evans arrived at Robinson from Fort Laramie on January 19 and took command of the garrison. Dull Knife reached Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota Territory, where Red Cloud was being held as a prisoner. After months of delay from Washington, the prisoners from Fort Robinson, including Dull Knife, were released and allowed to go to Fort Keogh, Montana Territory to join Little Wolf, where they settled on a nearby reservation.

Later several of the band were charged and tried for murders committed in Kansas during their exodus north. In 1901 the U.S. Supreme Court denied any U.S. liability but called the “shocking story” “one of the most melancholy of Indian tragedies” and found that “up to the time these Cheyennes were fired upon in the Indian Territory by the pursuing troops, they had committed no atrocity and were in amity with the United States and desired to remain so.”

In 1994 the Northern Cheyenne reclaimed the remains of those killed and buried in Nebraska. They were reinterred on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, on a hill overlooking Busby, Montana.

US officers involved
 Major Andrew W. Evans, 3rd Cavalry, Investigating Board of Officers, arrived January 19 from Fort Laramie
 Captain Henry W. Wessells, Jr., Company H, 3rd Cavalry (Wounded)
 Captain John B. Johnson, Company B, 3rd Cavalry
 Captain Joseph Lawson, Company E, 3rd Cavalry
 Captain Peter Dumont Vroom, Company L, 3rd Cavalry
 Captain John M. Hamilton, 5th Cavalry, Investigating Board of Officers
 First Lieutenant Walter Scribner Shuyler, Company B, 5th Cavalry, Investigating, Aide-de-camp to General Crook
 Assistant Surgeon (First Lieutenant) Edward R. Mosely, Medical Detachment, Department of the Platte
 Acting Assistant Surgeon Charles V. Petteys, Medical Detachment, Department of the Platte
 Second Lieutenant Joseph F. Cummings, Company C, 3rd Cavalry
 Second Lieutenant Thompson, Company D, 3rd Cavalry
 Second Lieutenant John Baxter, 9th Infantry (Company F, 3rd Cavalry)
 Second Lieutenant F. H. Hardee, Company F, 3rd Cavalry
 Second Lieutenant George Francis Chase, Company L, 3rd Cavalry

Order of battle
Native Americans, Chief Dull Knife. About 80 men.

United States Army, Fort Robinson, Nebraska, January 9–22, 1879, Captain Henry W. Wessells, Jr., commanding until January 19. Major Andrew W. Evans, commanding from January 19–22, 1879.

Further reading
 Sandoz, Mari, Cheyenne Autumn, University of Nebraska Press, 1992.

References

Category:History of Nebraska
Category:1878 in Nebraska
Category:1879 in Nebraska


Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary

Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary is the second seminary of the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter, a Society of Apostolic Life in the Catholic Church.

The seminary was canonically established in 1988 by Pope John Paul II in accordance with his letter Ecclesia Dei adflicta and opened in 2000. Located in Denton, Nebraska, near Lincoln, it was founded primarily to serve English-speaking seminarians for the Fraternity from North America and to provide traditionalist Catholic education. Nonetheless, the customal of the seminary includes a provision for students who are not members of the Fraternity but are studying for the priesthood in other ecclesiastical organizations, and since 2008 the seminary has served as the location of philosophical and theological education for clerical members of the Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer. The seminary also currently houses members of the Knights of the Holy Eucharist, brothers of the Franciscan tradition who originate from the Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament

Seminarians are future Catholic priests who receive training in the Tridentine liturgy as it existed in 1962, prior to and during the Second Vatican Council; Gregorian chant is also an integral part of the education. The seminary offers at least one formal vocational retreat annually for those interested in considering priesthood. Admission is limited to males, in accordance with the Catholic understanding of the priesthood.

The first phase of the seminary complex was designed by Thomas Gordon Smith Architects in a Romanesque style and completed in 2000. Seminarians live in the dormitory wing.

The current rector is Fr. Josef Bisig, F.S.S.P.

External links
 Our Lady of Guadalupe
 Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
 Video about Life at Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary

Category:Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter
Category:Catholic seminaries in the United States
Category:Seminaries and theological colleges in Nebraska
Category:Universities and colleges in Nebraska
Category:Educational institutions established in 1988
Category:Education in Lancaster County, Nebraska
Category:Buildings and structures in Lancaster County, Nebraska


I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

"I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" is the fourth episode of The Simpsons' nineteenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 14, 2007. For the second time in the series, Marge helps a prison assailant. Marge meets Dwight (Steve Buscemi), a man who attempts to rob the bank the two are in. Marge promises that she would visit him in prison, should he turn himself in, but too frightened to go into the prison, she breaks her promise. It was written by Dana Gould and directed by Bob Anderson. Steve Buscemi makes his second guest appearance on the show, (originally appearing as himself in "Brake My Wife, Please") though this time he voiced a character, Dwight. Ted Nugent has a voice cameo. Julia Louis-Dreyfus makes a surprise guest return as Snake's girlfriend Gloria, who originally appeared in "A Hunka Hunka Burns in Love". During its first airing, the episode originally garnered 8.8 million viewers, higher than the previous episode.

Plot
Lisa is named "Student of the Millennium", so Marge stresses that Homer has to attend her ceremony due to past absences at most of the kids' events. Homer then wakes up early and takes Maggie to the school auditorium. Meanwhile, Marge gets impatient waiting in line at the bank, so she strikes up a conversation with an apparently charming man named Dwight (Steve Buscemi). While talking, Dwight tells Marge to hold on. He then pulls out a gun and tells everyone to get down on the floor, just as another man walks into the bank and pulls out a rifle. Gil Gunderson then arrives, prepared for his new job as a security guard, however he is repeatedly shot by Dwight's accomplice, who then flees in a panic.

Homer is smugly waiting for Marge at the ceremony. Marge privately calls Homer, informing him she is a hostage at a bank robbery. Dwight notices Marge on the phone and cuts off the call. He then makes a compromise; he will promise to turn himself in as long as Marge promises to visit him in prison, to which she reluctantly agrees. A nervous Marge returns home. Homer attempts to convince Marge not to visit Dwight in the prison, but Marge wishes to honor her promise and visit him. However, while going to the prison, she makes continuous stops to avoid going to the prison, and misses visiting hours. At the prison, Dwight expectantly waits for Marge. While watching Snake Jailbird chatting with his girlfriend, Gloria, Dwight becomes depressed and then angry, and Marge's guilt begins to get to her while watching a depressing movie about a prisoner who was to be electrocuted. At the same moment, Dwight is breaking out of Springfield Penitentiary. He finds Marge's address in a newspaper, and sets out to find her.

While watching television at home, Marge sees a news report by Kent Brockman on Dwight's escape from prison. Dwight begins stalking her in various places, and successfully catches up to Marge and keeps her as his hostage. Dwight takes her to the same amusement park where he was abandoned by his mother, with the intention to have Marge help him repay the time he had lost, and promises to let her go afterwards, to which Marge, out of sympathy, agrees. He and Marge then ride the Viking ship ride together. Chief Wiggum arrives attempting to save Marge, but he is caught in the ride. Dwight jams the ride's gears by throwing in his own body to save Wiggum (referencing The Brave Little Toaster). He survives, fortunately, and returns to prison after being hospitalized and making a full recovery. Back at the prison, Marge finally visits Dwight, who gives her a flattened dandelion encased in a bar of soap he had carved for her with a message on the back intending to recruit her in helping him attempt another prison break. Marge does not agree to the escape attempt and Dwight, although saddened, says she can keep the token.

Production
American musician and political activist Ted Nugent, who is an advocate of hunting and gun ownership rights, guest starred in the episode as himself. His voice is heard during a phone call urging voters to vote no on a proposition that would make crossbows illegal in public schools. He adds: "If we outlaw crossbows, who's gonna protect our children from charging elk?"

Cultural references
The title of this episode is take-off of the 1969 autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. Dwight's buggy eyes is a reference to his guest voice actor's Steve Buscemi's eyes. Homer reveals he works on a Superman novel. Agnes quotes that Dwight and his partner are "Johnny and Clyde", a take on Bonnie and Clyde. Chief Wiggum watches The Negotiator on a portable DVD player to learn how to deal with a hostage situation. The Itchy & Scratchy episode "The Un-Natural" parodies the baseball steroids scandal, and the title references the book and film The Natural. Dwight escapes from jail like Andy Dufresne did in The Shawshank Redemption. After the escape it looks like Dwight steps on the camera, which is a reference to Robert De Niro who steps to the camera after his release from jail in the film Cape Fear. Dr. Hibbert and Krusty, who meet up at the end, reference the earlier hostage scene, off-hand implying The Nine. "Dilbert's Flying Cubicle" (with the theme music from the Dilbert animated series), "Tilt N' Spew", "Mr. Frog's Mild Ride", "FedEx Presents: The Bathroom" and "It's a Long Line" are seen at the amusement park, references to famous and well known rides, comics, companies, and chains. Dwight's partner in the robbery is based on John Cazale and his character in the movie Dog Day Afternoon which also involved a hostage situation. When Marge visited Dwight in prison Homer was among three Aryan Brotherhood members and called them the three amigos. The song "Who Can It Be Now?" by the Australian group Men at Work plays when Dwight stalks Marge.

Reception
The episode had 8.8 million viewers.

Robert Canning of IGN enjoyed Buscemi's appearance, and he particularly enjoyed the scene where the fun house mirror ballooned Buscemi's eyes to a "hilarious extreme"; he also felt Buscemi's voice was the first guest voice of the season to have been used to its fullest potential. Despite the humour of the episode, he also stated the ending of the episode did indeed falter a bit at the end, and felt it could not deliver as many laughs as everything that came before it. This episode was also one of two episodes he enjoyed this season, the other being "Midnight Towboy".

References

External links

"I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" at The Simpsons.com

Category:The Simpsons (season 19) episodes
Category:2007 American television episodes


Chiliocephalum

Chiliocephalum is a genus of Ethiopian flowering plants in the aster family.

 Species
 Chiliocephalum schimperi Benth. - Ethiopia
 Chiliocephalum tegetum Mesfin- Ethiopia

References

Category:Asteraceae genera
Category:Inuleae
Category:Flora of Ethiopia


Muller Santos da Silva

Muller Santos da Silva  or simply  Muller  (born 11 March 1986) is a Brazilian football striker who played for ŁKS Łódź in the Polish Ekstraklasa.

References

Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers
Category:ŁKS Łódź players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Poland
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Category:Association football forwards


Graduation Afternoon

"Graduation Afternoon" is a short story by American writer Stephen King, originally published in the March 2007 issue of Postscripts, and collected in King's 2008 collection Just After Sunset.  The story tells of a young woman enjoying her wealthy boyfriend's high school graduation party at his suburban Connecticut home when events take an unexpected turn.

See also
Short fiction by Stephen King

References

External links
 Graduation Afternoon at Stephen King's official site

Category:Short stories by Stephen King


Radcliffe and District Enginemen and Boilermen's Provident Society

The Radcliffe and District Enginemen and Boilermen's Provident Society was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1940.

See also
 List of trade unions
 Transport and General Workers' Union
 TGWU amalgamations

References
Arthur Ivor Marsh, Victoria Ryan. Historical Directory of Trade Unions, Volume 5 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., Jan 1, 2006 pg. 435

Category:Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom
Category:Trade unions disestablished in 1940
Category:Transport and General Workers' Union amalgamations


Walter Terence Stace

Walter Terence Stace (17 November 1886 – 2 August 1967) was a British civil servant, educator, public philosopher and epistemologist, who wrote on Hegel, mysticism, and moral relativism. He worked with the Ceylon Civil Service from 1910-1932, and from 1932-1955 he was employed by Princeton University in the Department of Philosophy. He is most renowned for his work in the philosophy of mysticism, and for books like Mysticism and Philosophy (1960) and Teachings of the Mystics (1960). These works have been influential in the study of mysticism, but they have also been severely criticised for their lack of methodological rigor and their perennialist pre-assumptions.

Early life and education
Walter Terence Stace was born in Hampstead, London into an English military family. He was a son of Major Edward Vincent Stace (3 September 1841 – 6 May 1903) (of the Royal Artillery) and Amy Mary Watson (1856 - 29 March 1934), who were married on 21 December 1872 in Poona (Pune), India. In addition to attaining high rank in the Royal Artillery, Walter's father Edward had also served as a British Political Agent (February 1889-August 1893) in British Somaliland. Walter's great-grandfather William Stace (1755 - 31 May 1839) was Chief Commissary (Commissary-General) of the Royal Artillery during the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815). Walter's mother Amy was a daughter of Rev. George Augustus Frederick Watson (1821-1897) and Elizabeth Mary Williams, who were married on 15 June 1852 in St. James' Church, Paddington, London. Rev. G. A. F. Watson was vicar (1877-1893) of St. Margaret's Church in Abbotsley, Huntingdonshire/Cambridgeshire.

Instead of pursuing a military career, Walter decided to follow a religious and philosophical path. He was educated at Bath College (1895-1901), Fettes College (in Edinburgh, Scotland) (1902-1904), and later at Trinity College Dublin (Ireland). His original intention was to become a priest in the Anglican Church, having experienced a religious conversion in his teens. However, while at Trinity College, through the influence of Hegel scholar Henry Stewart Macran (1867-1937) (professor of moral philosophy in Trinity College) he developed a deep interest in the systematic philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), and graduated in philosophy in 1908.

Career
Under family pressure Stace joined the British Civil Service, and between 1910-1932 he served in the Ceylon Civil Service (now Sri Lanka) which was then a part of the British Empire. He held several positions in the Ceylonese government, including District Judge (1919-1920) and Mayor of Colombo (1931-1932), the capitol city of Ceylon. In Colombo a street named after him (Stace Road) still exists. It was during his period in Ceylon that he developed an interest in Hinduism and Buddhism, religions which were to influence his subsequent studies of mysticism. While employed by the Ceylon Civil Service, during the period 1920-1932 Stace published 4 philosophical works (see below).

Anticipating a change in the Ceylonese government and a possible termination of his employment, in 1929 Stace persuaded Trinity College to grant him an honorary LittD degree after he presented the College with the equivalent of a doctoral thesis he had written titled The Theory of Knowledge and Existence. In 1932 this thesis was published as a book by Oxford University Press. The LittD degree, and the 4 books he had published while an employee of the Ceylon Civil Service, proved to be the keys to his entry into a new career.

After being employed for 22 years (1910-1932) in the Ceylon Civil Service, in 1932 Stace was offered the option of retirement, which he took. He then moved to Princeton University (in Princeton, New Jersey, USA) where he was employed by the Department of Philosophy, first as Lecturer in Philosophy (1932-1935) and then as Stuart Professor of Philosophy (1935-1955). In 1949-1950 he was president of the American Philosophical Association (Eastern Division). Stace retired from Princeton University  in 1955. From 1955-1967 he held the title/status of Professor Emeritus.

Stace was married twice. His first wife, Adelaide McKechnie (born 1868 in Carlow, Ireland), was 18 years older than him. He married Adelaide in 1910 and divorced her in 1924. His second wife was Blanche Bianca Beven (4 August 1897 – 17 July 1986), whom he married in 1926. Blanche was born in Colombo, Ceylon and died in Los Angeles County, California.

Walter Terence Stace died on 2 August 1967, of a heart attack at his home in Laguna Beach, California.

Philosophy

Stace's first 4 books - A Critical History of Greek Philosophy (1920), The Philosophy of Hegel: A Systematic Exposition (1924), The Meaning of Beauty (1929), and The Theory of Knowledge and Existence (1932) - were all published while he was employed by the Ceylon Civil Service. After these early works, his philosophy followed the British empiricist tradition of David Hume, G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell and H.H. Price. However, for Stace, empiricism did not need to be confined to propositions which it is possible to demonstrate. Instead, our common sense beliefs find support in two empirical facts: (1) men's minds are similar (2) men co-operate with each other, with the aim of solving their common problems.

Stace is regarded as a pioneer in the philosophical study of mysticism. Many scholars regard Mysticism and Philosophy (1960) as his major work. Stace was the dissertation advisor of John Rawls when Rawls was a graduate student at Princeton, though it is not clear that he had a strong influence on Rawls.
Richard Marius attributed his loss of faith partly to his intellectual engagement with Stace's essay Man Against Darkness.

Phenomenalist philosophy

His work in the 1930s and 40s bears a strong influence of phenomenalism, a form of radical empiricism (not to be confused with phenomenology, which examines the structure and content of consciousness). In his first book published while at Princeton, The Theory of Knowledge and Existence (1932), Stace proposes an empirical epistemology. He attempts to "trace out the logical steps by which the mind, starting with what is given, arrives at and justifies its belief in an external world". The book can be seen as a criticism of pragmatism. His paper Refutation of Realism (1934) acted as a response to G.E. Moore's famous refutation of idealism. Stace did not argue that realism is false, but that "there is absolutely no reason for asserting" it is true, so it "ought not be believed". Turning from epistemology to ethics, in 1937 he considered whether morals were relative or subject to a general law in The Concept of Morals.

The public philosopher

In 1948, Stace wrote an influential essay, Man Against Darkness, for The Atlantic Review in which he examined religion. He concluded that the spirit of scientific enquiry (rather than scientific discoveries themselves) has furthered religious scepticism by undermining the teleological presumption of an ultimate 'final cause'. Concern with divine purpose of events had been replaced by investigation into what had caused them; the new imaginative picture of the world was dominated by the idea that life is purposeless and meaningless. The effects of this change included moral relativity, the individualisation of morality, and the loss of belief in free will. Stace wrote:

In the spring of 1949, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology hosted a forum called "The Social Implications of Scientific Progress—an Appraisal at Mid-Century." Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman, Vannevar Bush, Nelson Rockefeller were amongst those in attendance. Stace took part in a discussion called 'Science, Materialism and the Human Spirit' alongside J. Seelye Bixler (1894-1985), Percy W. Bridgman and Jacques Maritain. He contributed an essay, The Need for a Secular Ethic, in which he concluded that although supernatural or metaphysical justifications for morality are in decline, this should not lead to a crisis of the moral faith if it is remembered that 'morals have a perfectly firm and objective foundation in the human personality'. In 1954, he gave the annual Howison Lecture in Philosophy at University of California, Berkeley, where he spoke on "Mysticism and Human Reason".

In the fall of 1957, two years after retiring from his post at Princeton, Stace was involved in a controversy surrounding Dr. Joseph Hugh Halton (1913-1979), a member of the Roman Catholic Dominican Order (Order of Preachers) who was the Roman Catholic chaplain at Princeton University and the Director of the Aquinas Institute (located near the Princeton University campus). Halton criticised the university's 'abusive liberalism', and Stace was the first of those singled out for censure. Halton stated that 'Stace is enthroning the devil' and that he was 'professionally incompetent', while his philosophy was described as a 'metaphysical mambo'. The Princeton president Dr. Robert F. Goheen stripped Dr. Halton of his title, an action which was supported by Jacques Maritain, the noted Roman Catholic philosopher and theologian and former Princeton professor.

Stace continued to engage with the public until the end of his career. Two of his final books, Religion and the Modern Mind (1952) and The Teachings of the Mystics (1960) were written for the general reader. He gave lectures at various university campuses around the United States, many of which were included in Man Against Darkness and other essays (1967).

Philosophy of religion and mysticism

It is in the philosophy of mysticism that Stace is both important and influential, and his thought is at its most original. He has been described as "one of the pioneers in the philosophical study of mysticism", as someone who laid out and offered solutions to the major issues in the study of the subject, and created an important phenomenological classification of mystical experience. Stace is seen as an important representative of the perennial philosophy (also known as the perennialism) that sees a universal core to religious feelings.  However, although he is seen by many scholars as an important thinker to acknowledge, he is also one to dispute.

Stace's philosophy of mysticism grew out of his earlier empiricist epistemology, although this is something many critics of his position fail to appreciate. The concept of the 'given', commonly used in phenomenalism to understand the nature of experience, is crucial to both his earlier epistemology and his later analysis. For Stace it lies at the basis of our knowledge of the external world and of ourselves. The given has an important epistemological function because it possesses the properties of certainty (infallibility, incorrigibility, indubitability), and it provides the ultimate justification for all forms of human knowledge. Stace's Theory of Knowledge and Existence (1932) explains that knowledge arises from the process of interpretation of the given, although he writes that it is not easy to distinguish between the given and interpretation of it. For Overall, the 'pure experience' or 'sensation' he refers to in Mysticism and Philosophy (1960) is the same as the given that he had been writing about earlier.

The 1952 books

In 1952 Stace published three books about religion. Each examined the struggle between the religious worldview and those of science and of naturalism, which he had begun to explore in his essays Man Against Darkness and The Need for a Secular Ethic in the 1940s. Religion and the Modern Mind is divided into three sections, the first of these looks at the medieval "world-picture" which Stace characterises as marked by a religious, moral and purposeful view of existence. The second section looks at the modern world, which is characterised by the rise of science and naturalism (although Stace denies that the latter logically follows from the former), and the Romantic reaction to this. The final section looks specifically at religion and morality in the modern world. Stace examines religious truth and its expression, and concludes that the latter necessarily takes symbolic form in much the same way as he does in Time and Eternity. He also roots morality in both utilitarian considerations and in mysticism, which together fuse into "a single homogeneous set of ideal ends".

The Gate of Silence is a 50-page poetic meditation on the religion and naturalism in which Stace expounds "the doctrine of the flatness of the world", which is a world that is void of meaning, purpose and value, in which "the hogwash of spirituality" will provide no solace. In his prefatory note Stace explains that he wrote the book four years previously and that it "records the phase of intellectual and emotional experience through which the writer was passing at the time."

Stace called Time and Eternity a "defence of religion" that also seeks to investigate how God can be both being and non-being. He roots the book in the ancient religious insight that "all religious thought and speech are through and through symbolic". Addressing the apparent inconsistency between the book and the naturalism of Man Against Darkness, he maintains that he does not withdraw his naturalism by "a jot or a tittle", but rather seeks "to add to it that other half of the truth which I now think naturalism misses." In addition to the symbolic nature of all religious expression, the book proposes the existence of two realms of being, time and eternity, which intersect but do not contradict each other. According to the Encyclopedia of Philosophy, many consider this to be his most profound work.

The 1960 books

Stace published his two final books on religion in 1960. The Teachings of the Mystics(1960) was written for the general rather than academic reader. The book sets out a simplified version of his philosophy of religion found in Mysticism and Philosophy, and gives examples from writings of mystics (and occasionally from the scriptures of the world's principal religions) that illustrate his idea that mysticism is everywhere "the apprehension of an ultimate nonsensuous unity in all things".

Mysticism and Philosophy (1960) is generally regarded both as Stace's key work and one that is the "standard point of departure" in the critical study of mysticism. In it Stace explains that he writes as a philosopher, empiricist and analyst rather than mystic, and that mystical experience can and should be distinguished from its interpretation. He makes a distinctinction between extrovertive and introvertive mystical experience. In the former, the mystic perceives the unity in "the multiplicity of external material objects", while in the latter the mystic perceives the One within the depths of her consciousness "as the wholly naked One devoid of any plurality whatever". Stace also looks at whether mystical experience can be considered objective or subjective, and considers whether the relationship between God and the world should properly be considered pantheism, dualism or something else. He examines mysticism, logic and language, and concludes that the laws of logic do not apply to mysticism and that mystical experience is paradoxical but not ineffable (a development in his thought from Time and Eternity). Finally, Stace says he does not wish to be drawn into a battle of prejudices as to whether or not mysticism contributes to the moral good.

Stace summarised his thought on mysticism in two lectures given at Mount Holyoke College in 1961, entitled The Psychology of Mysticism and The Philosophy of Mysticism respectively. In the former he states that the psychology of mysticism must rely on introspection, because it is the only method that is available to investigate the phenomenon, despite it being difficult to verify (unlike the inspection of physical events). Like William James, he distinguishes between ordinary and mystical consciousness; the former he describes as sensory-intellectual, while the latter contains neither sensory nor intellectual content. He then proceeds to layout the psychological qualities of mystical experience, which he roots in a passage from the Mandukya Upanishad:
 Undifferentiated unity
 Dissolution of the self
 Feeling of revelation or veracity of the event
 Feeling of blessedness and peace
 Feeling of serenity
 The transformation of the subject's moral character from evil towards good and nobility.

Stace characterised his philosophy of mysticism as the examination of whether mystical experience is subjective or objective, that is whether it is imagined or real. Again he turns to the Mandukya Upanishad for his definition of mysticism, and identifies the realisation the personal self is identical with the infinite Self at the core of the experience. Although there are three causes for this (loss of individuality; transcending space and time; feeling of peace and bliss) these are not logical reasons. Further he holds that the unanimity of mystical experience across cultures is not an argument for its objectivity, as illusions can be found in all peoples and cultures. That mystical experience is found in all cultures indicates that it is a part of human nature. Next Stace asks how we can say if something is objective. He defines the most important criteria for determining objectivity as 'orderliness' - or keeping in order with the laws of nature - rather than verifiability. Mystical experience is neither orderly nor disorderly, so cannot be classed as either subjective or objective. Stace terms this "transsubjective" (because the notions of subjective and objective do not apply to the infinite).

Influence
Stace's schema of mystical experience formed the basis for the most commonly cited scale to measure reports of mystical experience, Ralph W. Hood's Mysticism-scale.

Criticism
Although Stace's work on mysticism received a positive response, it has also been criticised in the 1970s and 1980s, for its lack of methodological rigour and its perennialist pre-assumptions. Major criticism came from Steven T. Katz in his influential series of publications on mysticism and philosophy, and from Wayne Proudfoot in his Religious experience (1985).

As early as 1961 the Times Literary Supplement was critical of Stace's scholarship:

Moore (1973) gives an overview of criticisms of Stace. He notes that the positing of a "phenomenological identity in mystical experiences" is problematic, which leads to either non-descriptive statements, or to value-laden statements on mystical experiences. Moore doubts whether Stace phenomenology of mystical experience is sufficient. Moore notes that Stace's quotations from mystical writings are brief, "often second-hand," and omitting the contexts of these quotations. Stace's list of characteristics hardly represents the broad variety of mystical experiences described by mystics. His "unitary consciousness" is only one characteristic, and not necessarily connected to illuminating insight. According to Moore, Stace also thinks too lightly about the relation between experience and language, supposing that descriptions are phenomenologically straightforward and reliable. Stace is also normative in his preference for monistic mysticism and his rejection of theistic mysticism. Moore concludes by noting that Stace fails to understand the difference between phenomenology and metaphysics, and that his writings don't provide solutions to the philosophical problems which mystical claims raise.

Masson & Masson (1976) note that Stace starts with a "buried premise," namely that mysticism can provide truths about the world which cannot be obtained with science or logical thinking. According to Masson & Masson, this premise makes Stace naive in his approach, and which is not accord with his self-presentation as an objective and empirical philosopher. According to Masson & Masson, Stace fails in presenting mystical experiences as an objective source of information. They question Stace's exclusion of trances and other phenomena from his investigations, noting that such phenomena are an essential part of many descriptions of mystical experiences. They give the example of Ramakrishna, a 19th-century Indian mystic, who is presented without a critical consideration of the sources. They further note that Ramakrishna had delusions, a fact which they deem problematic for the use of Ramakrishna as a prime example of mystical consciousness. They further note that Stace seems to be unaware of the major relevant scholarly studies on mysticism at the time of his writings. According to Masson & Masson, Stace's criteria for inclusion and exclusion of cases are based on personal preferences, and "his work reads more like a theological text than a philosophical one."

According to Katz (1978), Stace's typology is "too reductive and inflexible," reducing the complexities and varieties of mystical experience into "improper categories." According to Katz, Stace does not notice the difference between experience and interpretation of experience, and Stace fails to notice the epistemological issues involved in "mystical" experiences, especially the fundamental epistemological issue of which conceptual framework precedes and shapes these experiences. Katz further notes that Stace supposes that similarities in descriptive language also implies a similarity in experience, an assumption which Katz rejects. According to Katz, close examination of the descriptions and their contexts reveals that those experiences are not identical. Katz further notes that Stace held one specific mystical tradition to be superior and normative, whereas Katz rejects reductionist notions and leaves God as God, and Nirvana as Nirvana.

In defense of Stace, Hood (2001) cites Forman, who argues that introverted mysticism is correctly conceptualized as a common core, since it lacks all content, and is the correct basis for a perennial philosophy. Hood notes that Stace's work is a conceptual approach, based on textual studies. He posits his own work as a parallel approach, based on an empirical approach, thereby placing the conceptual claims in an empirical framework, assuming that Stace is correct in his approach. Jacob van Belzen (2010) criticized Hood, noting that Hood validated the existence of a common core in mystical experiences, but based on a conceptual framework which presupposes the existence of such a common core:

Belzen also notes that religion does not stand on its own, but is embedded in a cultural context, and this should be taken into account. To this criticism Hood et al. answer that universalistic tendencies in religious research "are rooted first in inductive generalizations from cross-cultural consideration of either faith or mysticism," stating that Stace sought out texts which he recognized as an expression of mystical expression, from which he created his universal core. Hood therefor concludes that Belzen "is incorrect when he claims that items were presupposed."

Shear (2011) notes that Stace regarded extroverted mysticism to be a less complete form of mysticism, but was puzzled by the fact that there are far more descriptions of introverted mysticism than of extroverted mysticism. Shear proposes a developmental sequence of three higher states of consciousness:
 the recognition of pure consciousness/emptiness
 the stable presence of this pure consciousness/emptiness throughout all activity
 the recognition of this pure consciousness/emptiness as the ground of all being
According to Shear, HS1 corresponds to Stace's introverted mysticism, whereas HS3 corresponds to Stace's extroverted mysticism, and is actually the more developed form of mysticism, in contrast to what Stace supposed.

Works
 A Critical History of Greek Philosophy (1920) Online text
 The Philosophy of Hegel: A systematic exposition (1924) Online text
 The Meaning of Beauty (1929)
 The Theory of Knowledge and Existence (1932)
 The Concept of Morals (1937)
 The Nature of the World. An Essay in Phenomenalist Metaphysics (1940)
 The Destiny of Western Man (1942)
 Religion and the modern mind (1952)
 Time and Eternity (1952)
 Mysticism and Philosophy (1960) Full text online
 Teachings of the Mystics (1960)
 Man against darkness, and other essays (1967)

See also
 William James and The Varieties of Religious Experience
 Richard Maurice Bucke and Cosmic Consciousness
 Aldous Huxley and The Perennial Philosophy
 Nondualism

Explanatory notes

References

Sources

Printed sources

Web-sources

Further reading
 Mohammad Fanaei Nematsara, Walter Stace's philosophy of mysticism: a critical analysis

External links

 Short biography at Princeton University
 Slide show on some of Stace's ideas
 Introductory chapter, The Teachings of the Mystics
 Photograph of Walter Stace at LIFE, 12 August 1955

Category:British philosophers
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Category:1967 deaths
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Category:People educated at Fettes College
Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Category:British civil servants
Category:Princeton University faculty
Category:Phenomenologists
Category:Philosophy academics
Category:British ethicists
Category:Hegelian philosophers
Category:British emigrants to the United States
Category:British civil servants in Ceylon
Category:Perennial philosophy


William Margold

William Margold (October 2, 1943 – January 17, 2017) was an American pornographic film actor and porn film director.

Known as Bill Margold, he was a former director of the Free Speech Coalition and was a co-founder of X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) and Fans of X-Rated Entertainment (FOXE). He was the founder of PAW Foundation, the charity for the welfare of pornography industry performers. He was also a member of the AVN Hall of Fame. He was at one time married to the 1980s porn film actress Drea. A frequent news and talk show guest, Margold appeared in scores of documentaries throughout his career, including the 2012 documentary After Porn Ends, which is about life after being in the porn industry. He was the son of Nathan Ross Margold.

Controversy

Margold generated considerable controversy in January 1981, telling journalist Rona Barrett, in an interview aired during the initial broadcast of NBC's Tomorrow Coast-to-Coast with Tom Snyder, that he would consider performing a sex scene with his own daughter. When asked if he would allow his daughter to enter the porn business, Margold replied, "Not until she's eighteen. And then I might even work with her myself." Ever the provocateur, Margold made similar statements on at least one previous occasion, during the taping of the adult film documentary, What Would Your Mother Say? In the wake of the Barrett controversy, Margold ran an advertisement in Variety, apologizing for the comments. An outspoken activist for industry reforms, Margold supported initiatives at the state level to raise the legal age of performers from 18 to 21 in the wake of the Traci Lords incident.

References

External links

 Protecting Adult Welfare Foundation

Category:1943 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Male actors from Washington, D.C.
Category:American activists
Category:American male pornographic film actors


ARC Magazine

ARC Magazine is an art magazine covering contemporary Caribbean art and culture. It was founded in 2011 as a non-profit print and digital magazine publication with an active web following. ARC profiles established and emerging artists living in the Caribbean, as well as the Caribbean diaspora.

Background
"ARC" stands for "Art. Recognition. Culture." The magazine is printed in Iceland by Oddi. The magazine was founded in 2011 by Nadia Huggins and Holly Bynoe, both visual artists from St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Bynoe earned her MFA in Advanced Photographic Studies from Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The magazine has hosted art exhibited and, in 2013 and 2014, partnered with VOLTA NY to host artists discussions and exhibitions. ARC Magazine has also partnered with the Trinidad and Tobago Film Festival.

The magazine began as a quarterly publication with a modest print run of 500 in a large format of 12" H x 9" W.

Content
Departments in ARC Magazine include: "Spotlight," a showcase of four emerging artists; "24FPS," film section; "The Gradient," an analysis of a series or project of art; "Artist on Artist"; "Collections," a portfolio of artists working in New Media; and a cultural department and literary section, featuring poetry and creative writing. Speaking of the magazine's missions, Bynoe has stated: "Debunking stereotypes has been a formal concern and one of the key objectives of ARC."

See also
 Caribbean art
 Havana Biennial

References

External links
ARC Magazine website

Category:Biannual magazines
Category:Caribbean art
Category:Communications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Category:Contemporary art magazines
Category:Independent magazines
Category:Magazines established in 2011
Category:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines literature


Seymour Crawford

Seymour Crawford (1 June 1944 – 21 October 2018) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency from 1992 to 2011.

Crawford was first elected as a TD at the 1992 general election to the 27th Dáil. He was re-elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1997, 2002 and 2007 general elections. He was a member of Monaghan County Council from June 1991 until September 2003. In 2004, he was a Vice-Chairman of the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Body and a member from 1993–2007.

He was Vice-President of the Irish Farmers' Association from 1984–88 and was the only Ulster Protestant and Presbyterian member of the Oireachtas during his term in the Dáil. He received the Bastow Memorial Award for service in meat and livestock in 1985.

He retired from politics at the 2011 general election. Crawford's death was announced on 21 October 2018.

References

Category:1944 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Politicians from County Monaghan
Category:Irish Presbyterians
Category:Fine Gael TDs
Category:Members of the 27th Dáil
Category:Members of the 28th Dáil
Category:Members of the 29th Dáil
Category:Members of the 30th Dáil
Category:Irish farmers
Category:Local councillors in County Monaghan


Astor on the Lake

The Astor on the Lake (also Astor Hotel) is a low-rise building located in the Yankee Hill (East Town) neighborhood of downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Designed by architect Herbert Tullgren in Classical Revival style, the Astor Hotel was built in 1920 by developer Oscar Brachman for hotel tycoon Walter Schroeder. The building was originally U-shaped in plan, but an L-shaped addition in 1925 made the building into the E-shape seen today. The building has eight floors and stands 102 feet (31 m) tall.

History
When the Astor on the Lake opened it was considered one of the finest Midwest hotels of the time. It offered 125 guest rooms with a monthly rent of $100 to $300 depending on size.  The façade is covered with gray limestone and has French Classical details and was constructed using steel-reinforced concrete. A stained glass skylight hangs above the reception area. Many of the rooms, which are now owner-occupied, were of simpler design.

Fire
At dawn on February 18, 1935, the Astor Hotel caught fire.  The fire was caused by electrical wires in the basement and a dense, oily smoke filled the building.  The fire claimed the lives of two adults and two infants. Oscar Teweles, 59, and his nurse, Elsie Saxinger, 40, were killed due to suffocation in his apartment on the fifth floor.  Over 300 people had to be evacuated due to the fire and were sent into the city streets. The damage caused by the fire was estimated at $75,000.

External links
Astor on the Lake Hotel in Milwaukee
Emporis Buildings listing

References

Category:Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Category:Culture of Milwaukee
Category:Buildings and structures in Milwaukee
Category:Economy of Milwaukee
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Milwaukee


List of islands of Angola

This is a list of islands of Angola:

Bulikoko
Ilha Cacuanza
Ilha Cajú
Ilha da Cazanga
Ilha Cocavuna
Ilha Condo
Dalangombe
Ilha do Dostero
Ilha Holongo
Ilhas Jacinto
Kwanda Island
Ilha Liesse
Ilha de Luanda
Ilha Macundi
Ilhas de Monroe
Ilha Ndalangombe
Ilha Ngola
Ilha Ngunza
Ilhéu dos Pássaros
Ilha Pendi
Ilheús do Pina
Ilha da Quissanga
Ilha Quixingango
Ilha Roca
Ilha de Sacabenda
Ilha Sacra Mbaca
Ilha Sanga
Ilha Selonga
Ilha do Sumbo
Ilha Tchicuanza
Ilha dos Tigres
Ilha Zaida

*
Islands
Angola


Middleton (electoral division)

Middleton is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.

Extent
The division covers the villages of Atherington, Climping, Elmer, Ford, Middleton-on-Sea and Yapton.

It comprises the following Arun District wards: Middleton-on-Sea Ward and Yapton Ward; and of the following civil parishes: Climping, Ford, Middleton-on-Sea and the northern part of Yapton.

Election results

2013 Election
Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:

2009 Election
Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:

2005 Election
Results of the election held on 5 May 2005:

References
Election Results - West Sussex County Council

External links
 West Sussex County Council
 Election Maps

Category:Electoral Divisions of West Sussex


Renovascular hypertension

Renovascular hypertension is a condition in which high blood pressure is caused by the kidneys' hormonal response to narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys. When functioning properly this hormonal axis regulates blood pressure. Due to low local blood flow, the kidneys mistakenly increase blood pressure of the entire circulatory system. It is a form of secondary hypertension - a form of hypertension whose cause is identifiable.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of renovascular hypertension include the following:

High blood pressure (early age)
Kidney dysfunction
Narrowing of arteries elsewhere in the body
Pulmonary edema

Cause
The cause of renovascular hypertension is consistent with any narrowing/blockage of blood supply to the renal organ (renal artery stenosis). As a consequence of this action the renal organs release hormones that indicate to the body to maintain a higher amount of sodium and water, which in turn causes blood pressure to rise. Factors that may contribute are: diabetes, high cholesterol and advanced age, also of importance is that a unilateral
condition is sufficient to cause renovascular hypertension.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension involves the narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys which causes a low perfusion pressure that is detected by the juxtaglomerular apparatus (via the macula densa cells, which act as baroreceptors; located on the afferent arteriole wall). This leads to renin secretion that causes the angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I then proceeds to the lung where it is converted to angiotensin II via angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).

In most people fibromuscular dysplasia or atherosclerosis is the reason for the occlusion of a renal artery which ultimately leads to this condition.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis for renovascular hypertension is done by:

Blood test (for renal function)
Urinary test (tests for microalbuminuria)
Serology (to exclude systemic lupus erythematosus )
Lipid profile
Urinalysis (to exclude presence of red blood cells)

Treatment
In terms of treatment for renovascular hypertension surgical revascularization versus medical therapy for atherosclerosis, it is not clear if one option is better than the other according to a 2014 Cochrane review; balloon angioplasty did show a small improvement in blood pressure .

Surgery can include percutaneous surgical revascularization, and also nephrectomy or autotransplantation, and the individual may be given beta-adrenergic blockers. Early therapeutic intervention is important if ischemic nephropathy is to be prevented. Inpatient care is necessary for the management of hypertensive urgencies, quick intervention is required to prevent further damage to the kidneys.

Prognosis
Prognosis of individuals with renovascular hypertension is not easy to determine. Those with atherosclerotic renal artery disease have a high risk of mortality, furthermore those who also have renal dysfunction have a higher mortality risk.
However, the majority of renovascular diseases can be improved with surgery.

See also
 Fibromuscular dysplasia
 Hypertensive nephropathy
 Kidney failure
 Renal artery stenosis

References

Further reading

External links

Category:Nephrology
Category:Hypertension


Chamelaucium ciliatum

Chamaelaucium ciliatum is a member of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.

The erect or spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between January and December  producing white flowers.

Found in the southern Wheatbelt, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in many soil types.

References

ciliatum
Category:Plants described in 1819
Category:Taxa named by René Louiche Desfontaines


Henri Steenacker

Henri Steenacker (22 April 1926 – 25 August 1993) was a Belgian rower. He competed in the single sculls at the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the double sculls at the 1956 Summer Olympics, together with his brother Fernand, but failed to reach the final on both occasions. Steenacker won a bronze medal in the double sculls at the 1957 European Championships, together with Gérard Higny.

Steenacker died aged 67 in a cycling accident.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:1993 deaths
Category:Belgian male rowers
Category:Rowers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Rowers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic rowers of Belgium


Fábiánsebestyén

Fábiánsebestyén is a village in Csongrád county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.

Geography
It covers an area of  and has a population of 1970 people (2015).

References

Category:Populated places in Csongrád County


Stanisław Pagaczewski

Stanisław Pagaczewski (1916-1984) was a Polish journalist and writer, best known for children literature, including the trilogy about Baltazar Gąbka.

References

Short bio on publisher page
Stanisław Pagaczewski (1916 – 1984) – autor Przygód Profesora Gąbki – Jego Kraków i Góry Harów

Category:1916 births
Category:1984 deaths
Category:Burials at Rakowicki Cemetery
Category:Polish children's writers


Fonda Lee

Fonda Lee (born March 10, 1979) is a Canadian-American author of speculative fiction.

Literary career
Lee's debut young-adult novel, Zeroboxer, published by Flux Books, was nominated for the 2016 Andre Norton Award. Her second novel for young-adults, Exo, was published by Scholastic in 2017, and was nominated for the 2018 Andre Norton Award. Her debut novel for adults, Jade City, published by Orbit Books in 2017, was a finalist for the 2018 Nebula Award for Best Novel and won the 2018 World Fantasy Award. A sequel to Exo, named Cross Fire, was published in early 2018.

Bibliography

Exo Series
Exo (2017)
Cross Fire (2018)

The Green Bone Saga
Jade City (2017)
Jade War (2019)

Other novels
Zeroboxer (2015)

Short fiction
"Universal Print" (2015)
"Spectral" (2016)
"Old Souls" (2017)
"Welcone to the Legion of Six" (2019)

References

External links

 Interview (excerpts) from Locus magazine, July 2018

Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century American women writers
Category:21st-century American short story writers
Category:21st-century American novelists
Category:American speculative fiction writers
Category:Start-Class science fiction articles
Category:American women short story writers
Category:American women novelists
Category:Marvel Comics writers
Category:World Fantasy Award-winning writers
Category:Writers from Calgary


Afroturbonilla multitudinalis

Afroturbonilla multitudinalis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. This species is one of three other species within the Afroturbonilla genus, with the exception of the others being Afroturbonilla engli and Afroturbonilla hattenbergeriana.

Distribution
This species occurs within the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Ghana.

References

External links
 To Encyclopedia of Life
 To World Register of Marine Species

Category:Pyramidellidae
Category:Gastropods described in 2002


Lindholmsdockan

Lindholmsdockan is a dry dock and is located in Gothenburg, Sweden.  It opened in 1875 and is being used as a small marina.

Category:Shipyards of Sweden
Category:Drydocks
Category:Buildings and structures in Gothenburg


Shigeichi Nagano

__NOTOC__ was a Japanese photographer.

Nagano was born in Ōita City in Ōita Prefecture, and studied economics at Keio University (Tokyo). On graduating, he joined a trading company, but soon resigned. He was recruited by Natori Yōnosuke for Weekly Sun News (, Shūkan San Nyūsu); and in 1949 moved to Iwanami Shoten where, again under Natori, he did the photography for about fifty of the slim volumes in Iwanami Shashin Bunko. In 1954 he went freelance, concentrating on magazine work.

During the 1960s Nagano observed the period of intense economic growth in Japan, depicting the lives of Tokyo's sarariman with some humor. The photographs of this period were only published in book form much later, as Dorīmu eiji and 1960 (1978 and 1990 respectively).

In 1964 Nagano worked on the cinemaphotography for Ichikawa Kon's film Tokyo Olympiad, and he then moved to work in film and television, particularly television commercials.

Nagano exhibited recent examples of his street photography in 1986, winning the Ina Nobuo Award. He published several books of his works since then, and won a number of awards. Nagano had a major retrospective at the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography in 2000.

Nagano died two months short of his 94th birthday, on January 30, 2019.

Books of Nagano's works

Iwanami Shashin Bunko (). Tokyo: Iwanami.  Nagano is reputed to have done the photography for 50 or 60 of this large set. They include:
 Kamakura (). 1950. Reprint: Tokyo: Iwanami, 1988. . The reprint names Nagano as photographer.
 Nagasaki (). 1951.
 Hiroshima (). 1952.
Kogai satsuei jōtatsu 50 no hiketsu (). Tokyo: Genkōsha, 1954.
Dokyumentarī shashin (). Gendai Kamera Shinsho 30. Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1977.
Dorīmu eiji () / Japan's Dream Age. Sonorama Shashin Sensho 10. Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1978.  A new edition of Nagano's photographs of urban Japan in the period of high growth.
Yoru no byōin () / The Hospital at Night. . Tokyo: Fukuinkan, 1979.  Nagano provides the photographs for this slim children's book, whose text (all in hiragana) is by Tanikawa Shuntarō.
 Tokyo: Fukuinkan, 1985. .
Inka teikoku no zanshō: Shinbi to roman to sono matsuei (). Tokyo: IBC, 1988. .
Tōi shisen: 1980–1989 Tokyo () / A Strange Perspective in Tokyo. Tokyo: IBC, 1989. .
1960: Nagano Shigeichi shashinshū (). Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1990. .  Nagano's black and white photographs taken in 1960 of Berlin and Japan.
Taiheiki: Shashin kikō (). Tokyo: IBC, 1991.  .
Nagano Shigeichi sakuhinten: 1960 Berurin Nihon (). JCII Photo Salon Library 7. Tokyo: JCII Photo Salon, 1991.  Exhibition catalogue.
Tōkyō kōjitsu (). Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1995. .  Captions give the location in Japanese script and the year; also with an essay in Japanese.
Jidai no kioku 1945–1995: Nagano Shigeichi shashinshū (). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1995. .
Nagano Shigeichi (). Nihon no Shashinka. Tokyo: Iwanami, 1999. .  A survey of Nagano's work.
Kono kuni no kioku: Nagano Shigeichi, shashin no shigoto () / A Chronicle of Japan: Nagano Shigeichi: A Life in Photography. Tokyo: Nihon Shashin Kikaku, 2000. .  Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, 2000. Captions are in English as well as Japanese; other text is in Japanese only.
Tōi shisen () / Distant Gaze. Tokyo: Wides, 2001. .
Nagano Shigeichi (). Hysteric 14. Tokyo: Hysteric Glamour, 2005.   Photographs 1949–59, 2001–2004. Captions in Japanese and English.
 Tōkyō 1950 nendai (, Tokyo in the 1950s). Tokyo: Iwanami, 2007. .  Photographs of the streets of Tokyo. With an essay by Saburō Kawamoto.
Tōi shisen: Gentō () / Distant Gaze: Dark Blossom of Winter. Tokyo: Sokyu-sha, 2008.
Honkon tsuioku () / Hongkong  Reminiscence 1958. Tokyo: Sokyu-sha, 2009.  Photographs of Hong Kong taken in 1958. Short texts in Japanese and English, captions in Japanese only.
Magajin wāku 60 nendai () / Magazine Work 60s. Tokyo: Life Goes On & Taxi (distrib. Heibonsha), 2009. .  Works published (or intended for publication) in magazines, 1958–1971. Text in Japanese and English.

Works with contributions by Nagano
Densha ni miru toshi fūkei 1981–2006 ( / Scenes of Tokyo City: Prospects from the Train 1981–2006. Tama City, Tokyo: Tama City Cultural Foundation Parthenon Tama, 2006. Exhibition catalogue.  Captions and text in Japanese and English.
Feustel, Marc. Japanese Postwar Photography, Hamaya Hiroshi, Nagano Shigeichi and Tanuma Takeyoshi. Paris: Studio Equis, 2005.
Feustel, Marc. Eyes of an Island, Japanese Photography 1945–2007. Paris: Studio Equis, 2007.
Hiraki, Osamu, and Keiichi Takeuchi. Japon, un autoportrait: Photographies 1945–1964. Paris: Flammarion, 2004. .
Japan, a Self-Portrait: Photographs 1945–1964. Paris: Flammarion, 2004. .
Nihon no "jigazō", 1945–1964 (). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2004. .
Nihon no jigazō: Shashin ga egaku sengo, 1945–1964 (). Tokyo: Kurevisu, 2009.
Iwanami Shoten Henshūbu (). Tachiagaru Hiroshima 1952 (). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2013. . Nagano is credited as one of the small number of photographers.
Nihon shashin no tenkan: 1960 nendai no hyōgen () / Innovation in Japanese Photography in the 1960s. Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, 1991.  Exhibition catalogue, text in Japanese and English. Pp.90–97 show photographs from the series "Dream Age".
Shashin toshi Tōkyō () / Tokyo/City of Photos. Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, 1995. Catalogue of an exhibition held in 1995. Captions and texts in both Japanese and English.
Tōkyō: Toshi no shisen () / Tokyo: A city perspective. Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, 1990.  Captions and text in Japanese and English.

References

 Nihon shashinka jiten () / 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers. Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000. .
Orto, Luisa. "Nagano Shigeichi." In Anne Wilkes Tucker, et al., The History of Japanese Photography. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. .

External links
Samples of work by Nagano hosted by Fujifilm (click on the titles to see more)
Chronologies of Nagano's life and works hosted by Fujifilm
Ono, Philbert. Review of Kono kuni no kioku / A Chronicle of Japan.
Sample pages from Magazine Work 60s.

Category:Japanese photographers
Category:Japanese cinematographers
Category:Photography in China
Category:1925 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:People from Ōita (city)
Category:Street photographers


K. V. Dominic

K. V. Dominic  (born 13 February 1956), an Indian poet, short story writer, editor, and critic, writing in English, is a retired professor of the PG & Research Department of English, Newman College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India.  He took his PhD on the topic "East-West Conflicts in the Novels of R. K. Narayan with Special Reference to The Vendor of Sweets, Waiting for the Mahatma, The Painter of Signs and The Guide" from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.

Literary career
In addition to many poems, short stories, and critical articles published in national and international journals, he has published 40 books so far including six books of English poems, one each translated poetry book in Hindi, French, Bengali and Gujarati and two short story collections in English. His poetry collections  Winged Reason ,  Write Son, Write ,  Multicultural Symphony ,  Contemporary Concerns and Beyond   Cataracts of Compassion  have received a huge critic response from in and outside India. He has also edited a number of books on different poets and short story writers. His poems featured in the poetry anthology, The Dance of the Peacock: An Anthology of English Poetry from India, featuring 151 Indian English poets, edited by Vivekanand Jha and published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada. His English and Hindi translated poems are included in Amaravathi Poetic Prism 2016 International Multilingual Poetry Anthology. Dominic’s poetry has been critically studied by eminent professors, scholars and writers from India and abroad and Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, USA published a critical book on his poetry in 2016, consisting of 24 papers and an interview, under the title Philosophical Musings for a Meaningful Life: An Analysis of K. V. Dominic’s Poems.
Dominic’s poetry has been discussed in detail in the various chapters of PCK Prem’s critical book entitled English Poetry in India: A Comprehensive Survey of Trends and Thought Patterns published by Authorspress, New Delhi in 2011.
Prof. T. V. Reddy in his research book A Critical Survey of Indo-English Poetry published by Authorspress, New Delhi in 2016, has studied in detail K. V. Dominic’s poetry in a separate chapter.
A Complete collection of K. V. Dominic's poems entitled  K V DOMINIC ESSENTIAL READINGS AND STUDY GUIDE  was published by Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, USA in 2016. The book is aimed at inclusion in the syllabus of South Asian Studies in USA, UK, Canada and Australia. Also it is going to be considered for UG and PG studies in some universities of India.
P.C.K. Prem's History of Contemporary Indian English Poetry: An Appraisal, Volume I & II.published by Authorspress, New Delhi in 2019 has a separate chapter on K. V. Dominic's poetry.
"Poetical Sensibility of K V Dominic’s Creative Muse" by Dr. Ramesh Chandra Mukhopadhyaya, published by Authorspress, New Delhi, 2019 contains 30 research articles and 4 book reviews on the poetry of K. V. Dominic. It also has three interviews with the poet and remarkable quotes from his poetry.

Activities and Recognition
Prof. Dominic is the Secretary of the GIEWEC (Guild of Indian English Writers Editors and Critics), whose headquarters is at Thodupuzha, Kerala, India . It is a large literary family consisting of professional writers, editors, university/college professors and PhD research scholars from India and abroad.
He is an authority on research methodology and writing manuals and he conducts workshop on research methodology and MLA style of documentation in different parts of India every year. Dr. Dominic has been interviewed by an Italian Professor, Prof. Elisabetta Marino, and it appeared in reputed Italian journal MOSAICO in Italy and Brazil and its English translation in international refereed quarterly journal, Labyrinth from Gwalior.,

Editorship
Dominic is serving as the editor and publisher of the international refereed biannual journal, International Journal on Multicultural Literature (IJML)' and Editor-in-Chief of the Guild's international refereed biannual journal, Writers Editors Critics (WEC). Both the journals are abstracted and indexed by Literary Reference Centre Plus, EBSCO Host, USA for Worldwide reference.

Awards
International Poets Academy, Chennai conferred on him its Lifetime Achievement Award in 2009 for his literary contribution to world peace and harmony. India Inter-Continental Cultural Association, Chandigarh conferred on him the Kafla Inter-continental Award of Honour SAHITYA SHIROMANI in recognition of his contribution in the field of literature at the 10th International Writers' Festival at Trivandrum (Kerala) on 28 December 2014.

Interviews with Dominic
Dominic has been interviewed by several scholars and litterateurs and they have been published in various prestigious international Journals.
 Interview with Prof. Dr. K. V. Dominic by Prof. Elisabetta Marino published in MOSAICO, Italiano February 2012 issue and English Translation in Labyrinth vol-4 No.-2, Gwalior, India, April, 2012.
 Interview with Prof. K. V. Dominic by Dr. Rohit Phutela published in International Journal on Multicultural Literature, Vol-7, No-1, Kerala, India, January, 2017.
 Prof. K. V. Dominic in Conversation with Parthajit Ghosh published in Poetcrit Vol-30, No-2, Himachal Pradesh, India, July 2017
 Revelations of a Pantheistic Poet: Dr K.V. Dominic in Conversation by Goutam Karmakar published in Writers in Conversation, Flinders University Journal, Vol-4, No- 2, Australia, August 2017.

Published books
Poetry collection
 Winged Reason(2010), Authorspress, New Delhi
 Write Son, Write(2011), Gnosis, New Delhi
 Multicultural Symphony (2014), Gnosis, New Delhi
 Contemporary Concerns and Beyond(2016), Authorspress New Delhi
 K. V. Dominic Essential Readings and Study Guide (2016), Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, USA
 Abheepsa(Hindi translated poems) (2016),  Trans. Dr. Santosh Alex. Authorspress, New Delhi
 Aapni Abheepsa. (Gujarati Translated Poems). (2016), Trans.  Fr. Varghese Paul, SJ and Yoseph Macwan. Rennade Prakashan, Ahmedabad
 Cataracts of Compassion (2017), Authors Press, New Delhi
 Poèmes Philosophiques de K V Dominic: Poèmes sur la justice sociale, les droits des femmes et de l'environnement (French Edition) (2019) Kindle Edition
 Winged Reason--A Bilingual Anthology of Poems Translated by Barathi Srinivasan. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2019.
 Write My Son, WriteTranslated into Bengali by Dr. Sabita Chakraborty. Underground Literature, Kolkata, 2019.

Short story
  Who is Responsible?(2016), Authorspress, New Delhi
  Sanchita Karma and Other Tales of Ethics and Choice from India (2018), Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, USA

Criticism
  Pathos in the Short Stories of Rabindranath Tagore. New Delhi: Sarup Book Publishers, 2009.
  Multicultural Consciousness in the Novels of R. K. Narayan. New Delhi. Authorspress, 2012.

Edited books
  Postcolonial Readings in Indo-Anglian Literature. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2009.
  Selected Short Stories in Contemporary Indo-Anglian Literature. New Delhi: Sarup Book Publishers, 2009.
  Stephen Gill's Poetry: Panorama World Peace. New Delhi: Gnosis, 2010.
 Discourses on Contemporary Indian English Poets. New Delhi: Gnosis, 2010.
  Studies in Contemporary Canadian Literature. New Delhi: Sarup Book Publishers, 2010.
  Critical Studies on Contemporary Indian English Women Writers. Sarup Book Publishers, 2010.
  Critical Perspectives on the Poetry of R. K. Singh, D. C. Chambial and I. K. Sharma. New Delhi: Access, 2011.
  Disccourses on Five Indian Poets in English: Keki N. Daruwalla, Shiv. K. Kumar, Pronab Kumar Majumder, Syed Ameeruddin and Aju Mukhopadhyay. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2011.
  Concepts and Contexts of Diasporic Literature of India. New Delhi: Gnosis, 2011.
  Changing Face of Women in Literature: The Flaming Spirit. New Delhi: Gnosis, 2012.
  Studies on Six Indian Poets in English: Jayanta Mahapatra, Hazara Singh, P C K Prem, Gopikrishnan Kottoor, Manas Bakshi, Chandramoni Narayanaswamy. New Delhi: Gnosis, 2012.
  African and Afro-American Literature: Insights and Interpretations. New Delhi. Authorspress, 2012.
  Critical Evaluation of Contemporary Indian Poetry in English.  New Delhi. Access, 2012.
 Jayanti M. Dalal: Select Stories(Edited Stories) (2013), Authorspress, New Delhi
  Sarojini Sahoo's Feminine Reflections. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2014.
 Indian Literatures in English: New Directions, Newer Possibilities. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2014.
  Multicultural Literature of India: A Critical Evaluation of Contemporary Regional Literatures. Jaipur: Vking Publishers, 2015.
 World English Fiction: Bridging Oneness. Jaipur: Vking Publishers, 2015.
  Multicultural Studies on Three Nobel Laureates—Rabindranath Tagore, Toni Morrison and Alice Munro. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2016.

  Pamela Jeyaraju, eds. Environmental Literature: Research Papers and Poems. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2016.
  The Poetic Art of T. V. Reddy: New Perspectives. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2017.
 Raichel M Sylus, eds. Multicultural Matrix: Shifting Paradigms. New Delhi: Authors Press, 2017.
 S. Barathi, eds. Diasporas and Dilemmas: The Voice of an Exile. New Delhi: Authors Press, 2017.
 A Journey from Within to Beyond: A Bunch of Short Stories Culled from Different Cultures. New Delhi: Authors Press, 2018.
 Muse of Now Paradigm: An Entry into Poepro. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2020.

Critical books on Dominic's poetry
 English Poetry in India: A Comprehensive Survey of Trends and Thought Patterns. By P C K Prem. Published by Authorspress, New Delhi in 2011
 Philosophical Musings for a Meaningful Life: An Analysis of K. V. Dominic's Poems(2016), Ed. S. Kumaran., Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, United States
 Essential Readings and Study Guide.(2016),  Ed. Victor R. Volkman. Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, United States
 Write My Son, Write—Text and Interpretation: An Exercise in Reading. (2016) By Ramesh Chandra Mukhopadhayaya. Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, United States
 A Critical Survey of Indo-English Poetry. By Prof. T. V. Reddy. Published by Authorspress, New Delhi in 2016
 K V DOMINIC CRITICISM AND COMMENTARY: AN ESSENTIAL READINGS COMPANION. By Ramesh Chandra Mukhopadhyaya. Modern History Press, Ann Arbor, USA in 2017
 The Social, Cultural and Spiritual Dimensions of Modern Indian Poetry in English. Edited by Vijay Kumar Roy. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK, 2017
 Poetical Sensibility of K V Dominic’s Creative Muse. By Dr. Ramesh Chandra Mukhopadhyaya. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2019.
 P.C.K. Prem’s History of Contemporary Indian English Poetry: An Appraisal, Volume I & II. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2019.

References

External links

 Sunoasis Writers Network

Category:1956 births
Category:Writers from Kerala
Category:Living people
Category:Indian male poets
Category:Indian male short story writers
Category:People from Ernakulam district
Category:English-language writers from India
Category:Indian male essayists


Edgar Barnett

Edgar Playle Barnett (22 March 1885, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire – 20 January 1922, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire. He was the captain of Cheltenham Cricket Club and a prolific run scorer at club level, although his highest score in first class cricket was 95 v Somerset in 1921.

He also played football for his local team Cheltenham Town in the early 1900s with his brother Charles and Percival.

He is also the uncle of Charlie Barnett.

Barnett died of meningitis in 1922 aged just 36.

References

External links

Category:English cricketers
Category:Gloucestershire cricketers
Category:1885 births
Category:1922 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Cheltenham
Category:Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Category:Association footballers not categorized by position
Category:English footballers


Ruby Lee

Ruby Lee may refer to:

People
Ruby B. Lee, electrical engineer at Princeton University
Ruby Lee Stephens (1924–1996), baseball pitcher

Music
"Ruby Lee", a bonus track on the CD re-release of the 1956 B.B. King blues album Singin' the Blues
"Ruby Lee", a track on the 1974 Bill Withers soul/funk album +'Justments
"Ruby Lee", a track on the 1995 Joe Cocker rock album The Long Voyage Home

Botany
Vriesea 'Ruby Lee', a cultivar of the Vriesea ensiformis or Vriesea erythrodactylon bromeliads
Nidularium 'Ruby Lee', a cultivar of the Nidularium innocentii var. lineatum bromeliads

Other
Ruby Lee Mill Site in Joshua Tree National Park
Ruby Lee Gissing, the title character of the 1993 film Ruby in Paradise
Ruby Lee, a German show jumping horse in the 2010 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League


Monge Island

Monge Island is a small rocky island off the coast of Antarctica, lying immediately south of La Conchée and  northeast of Cape Mousse. It was charted in 1951 by the French Antarctic Expedition and named after French mathematician Gaspard Monge.

See also
 List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands

References

Category:Islands of Adélie Land


To Matthieu

To Matthieu () is a 2000 French drama film written and directed by Xavier Beauvois and starring Nathalie Baye.

The film was entered into the main competition at the 57th Venice International Film Festival.

Plot

Cast
 Benoît Magimel as Matthieu
 Nathalie Baye as Claire
 Antoine Chappey as Eric
 Fred Ulysse as Francis
 Jean-Marie Winling as The Factory's Owner
 Françoise Bette as Simone
 Mélanie Leray as Dominique
 Virginie Dessèvre as Virginie

References

External links

Category:French films
Category:French drama films
Category:2000s drama films
Category:Films directed by Xavier Beauvois


International medical graduate

An international medical graduate (IMG), earlier known as a foreign medical graduate (FMG), is a physician who has graduated from a medical school outside of the country where he or she intends to practice. The term non-local medical graduate may be similarly used in countries with distinct licensing regions within them. Generally, the medical school of graduation is one listed in the International Medical Education Directory (IMED) as accredited by the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research or the World Health Organization.

Medical schools around the world vary in education standards, curricula, and evaluation methods. Many countries have their own certification program, equivalent to the ECFMG in the United States. The purpose of ECFMG Certification is to assess the readiness of international medical graduates to enter clinical specialty training programs as resident physicians and fellowship programs in the United States.

License requirements by country

The requirements to obtain a license to practice varies by country and often by state, province, or territory.

Australia

IMGs (or Overseas Trained Doctors) who wish to be licensed in Australia must apply to the Australian Medical Council (AMC) to arrange an appropriate assessment pathway. The standard pathway involves an IMG sitting a series of assessments, including AMC MCQ Exam and AMC clinical exam. AMC MCQ Exam consists of 150 MCQs organized through computer adaptive scoring.

For AMC clinical exam, a candidate is required to pass 12 out of 16 cases including one compulsory case in each of Gyne and pediatrics.

Those IMGs who have passed the necessary exams and obtained AMC certification can then apply to an Australian specialty training positions.

Australia is in the process of establishing a national registration process for all the doctors under Medical Board of Australia.

In 2010 the Minister for Health and Ageing (Australia) launched an Inquiry process into registration and accreditation processes for international medical graduates which reported in 2012.

Canada
Several organizations have put pressure on the government such as the Association For Access to Health Care Services, and Association of International Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Bill 97, Increasing Access to Qualified Health Professionals for Ontarians Act, was passed in 2008, requiring the College of Physicians and Surgeons to provide adequate numbers of doctors by issuing transitional licenses. However, the college has not complied with the law.

In addition to undergoing the regular licensing process as required of all Canadian medical school graduates, IMGs must pass the LMCC Evaluating Examination. IMGs in Canada also have a harder time getting into residency programs compared to Canadian graduates — only ten percent of IMG applicants get a position.

Graduates of United States M.D. programs are not considered IMGs and are thus exempt from the Evaluating Examination; graduates of U.S. osteopathic medical schools are considered IMGs.

United States

Graduates of Canadian M.D. programs are not considered IMGs in the United States.

Indian physician with an MBBS are qualified to take the USMLE. However, since the 2010s, the process of obtaining a license was becoming increasingly complicated India has exported more physicians to the United States than any other foreign nation.

Pathway
The main pathway for IMGs who wish to be licensed as physicians in the United States is to complete a U.S. residency hospital program. The general method to apply for residency programs is through the National Resident Matching Program (abbreviated NRMP, also called "the Match"). To participate in the NRMP, an IMG is required to have an ECFMG certification by the "rank order list certification deadline" time (usually in February of the year of the match). To acquire an ECFMG certification, the main requirements are:
Completion of USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge and USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills
A medical diploma of medical education taken at an institution registered in the International Medical Education Directory (IMED)
In comparison, regular graduates from medical schools in the United States and Canada need to complete USMLE Steps 1 and 2 as well, but can participate in the NRMP while still doing their final year of medical school before acquiring their medical diplomas. In effect, taking regular administrative delays into account, and with residency programs starting around July, there is a gap of at least half a year for IMGs between graduation from medical school and beginning of a residency program.

Those IMGs who have passed the necessary USMLE exams and obtained the ECFMG certification can then apply to U.S. residency positions via the NRMP and ERAS.

USMLE exam scores are considered in the matching process for entering a residency program. One study came to the result that almost half of IMGs were unsuccessful in their first attempts in the pursuit of a U.S. residency position, and three-quarters began a residency after five years. It also indicated that IMGs were considerably older when they first applied for a residency position than are most U.S. medical graduates, with mean age of IMGs when the ECFMG certificate was issued being 32.4 years, with a standard deviation of 5.8 years.

All applicants to residency programs in California need a  (PTAL), colloquially called a "California Letter". Obtainment of a PTAL requires graduation from a medical school listed by the Medical Board of California, which is more stringent than the International Medical Education Directory. It also requires having a Social Security number.

Concerning visa requirements, non-U.S.-citizen doctors usually enter via the J1 or the H-1B visa. The J1 requires a 2-year home residence after completion of training in the U.S. The H-1B visa does not have this 2-year home residence requirement, but further requires the USMLE Step 3. And initially, a B-1 visitor visa is required for taking the USMLE Step 2 clinical skills examination and the USMLE Step 3.

Origin by country

Source: 2007 AMA Masterfile

Quality of care
One study examining quality of care by international medical graduates is noted as follows.  "One-quarter of practicing physicians in the United States are graduates of international medical schools. The quality of care provided by doctors educated abroad has been the subject of ongoing concern. Our analysis of 244,153 hospitalizations in Pennsylvania found that patients of doctors who graduated from international medical schools and were not U.S. citizens at the time they entered medical school had significantly lower mortality rates than patients cared for by doctors who graduated from U.S. medical schools or who were U.S. citizens and received their degrees abroad. The patient population consisted of those with congestive heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. We found no significant mortality difference when comparing all international medical graduates with all U.S. medical school graduates".
Data on older Medicare patients admitted to hospital in the US showed that patients treated by international graduates had lower mortality than patients cared for by US graduates.

References

External links
Educational Commission for Medical Graduates
United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE)
National Resident Matching Program

Category:Foreign workers
Category:Medical education
Category:International medical associations
Category:International student organizations
Category:Medical education in the United States
Category:Medical education in Australia
Category:Medical education in Canada
Category:Medical education in India


KVQT-LD

KVQT-LD, virtual channel 21 (UHF digital channel 14), is a low-power television station licensed to Houston, Texas, United States. Owned by C. Dowen Johnson, it is affiliated with multiple networks on various digital subchannels, mainly with Spanish-language networks. KVQT-LD's transmitter is located near Missouri City, in unincorporated northeastern Fort Bend County.

History
It was founded on May 1, 1990 on channel 24, but moved to channel 21 in 2005 due to displacement by KETH-TV's digital signal.

The station has had the KVQT call letters since August 2000.

KVQT was converted from analog to digital operation on June 12, 2009 by Skip Marsden of E.L. Marsden Wireless of Terrell, Texas, the manufacturer of the KVQT transmitter. KVQT began digital television broadcasting with two standard definition program streams, and has expanded to four.

The station was granted a minor change in call sign (from KVQT-LP to KVQT-LD) on May 4, 2010.

Digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

References

External links

Category:Independent television stations in the United States
VQT-LD
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1990
Category:Digital low-power stations
Category:1990 establishments in Texas


Özel Çag Lisesi schools

Özel Çag Lisesi schools is an international school located in Turkey Yenice and serves to different cities including Tarsus, Adana and Mersin.

History
Mr A Yasar Baybogan founded  Çag college 1986, now it is on a  site on a main road between the cities of Adana and Mersin near Tarsus.

The Programme at Özel Çag Lisesi Schools
These schools are private, co-educational day schools. The students attending them are from the ages of 6-17. The educational programs at these schools are based on the national educational curriculum of Turkey. The subjects of math and science, are taught in English.  Also, the curriculum includes one year of preparatory English during the last year of middle school, then it is followed by a three-year high school English Program. The English classes are taught by Native English speakers and Turkish English teachers. (Saturday classes are offered from September to June in math, science, and English) The schools also offer an extra academic programme to prepare students for university entrance examinations as well as UCLES and international EFL and young learners examinations. Each year at least 110 students take these exams.

Extracurricular
"There is a wide variety of club activities, along with a varied sports programme. The Student Council at Özel Çag Lisesi plans some of the social activities. The school aims to develop skills and moral values, so theatrical shows performed by students in Turkish and English at the end of each year and there are performances throughout the year. Theatrical shows performed by students in grades 6-9 are prepared in three languages. Students enjoy piano and violin recitals, conferences, full-day excursions, poetry days, literature days, debates, knowledge competitions and outings and summer visits to England. They are also involved with service projects with local villages, an almshouse and an orphanage. Folk-dancing and modern dancing lessons are also offered to students. Academic, personal and social development are all the basic aims of the Özel Çag Lisesi's educational programme. Parents are strongly encouraged to be involved with their children's education."

Special features
A multi-media system is used in most of the classrooms at the Özel Çag Lisesi schools. The school's facilities include four science laboratories, a 35-student computer lab, an Internet-linked library, video rooms, a multi-purpose room, an indoor gymnasium, music and art rooms, a theatre hall seating over 300 equipped with LCD projection display, tennis and basketball courts, playing fields, an 800-seat dining hall and a football pitch.

Admission
Admission to Özel Çag Lisesi schools is based on admission tests (for grades 1-8), then for high school admission is determined through the national entrance examination of Turkey.
.[1]

Famous Alumnus/ Attendees
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ attended the school located in Yenice

Cited Works
Directory of Turkish Intl Schools
bilgipare.com Biography
List of Secondary Schools in Turkey

Category:High schools in Turkey
Category:Education in Mersin
Category:High schools in Mersin Province


Ivanhoe mining district

The Ivanhoe is a mining district in Elko County, Nevada, US. It is located in the Butte Creek Range,  southeast of Midas, and  north-northeast of Battle Mountain.  It is situated at an elevation of  above sea level. Mercury mining took place in Ivanhoe between the time of the discovery of cinnabar ore in the 19th century and the mid-1940s. A rare dimorph of cinnabar, metacinnabar, has also been reported in the Ivanhoe district. Gold mining started in the 1980s. The rare mineral, Ammonioalunite, has been discovered in a fossil hot spring deposit in Ivanhoe.

See also
 Gold mining in Nevada

References

Category:Mercury mines in the United States
Category:Gold mining in Nevada
Category:Elko County, Nevada


Goyet

Goyet is a hamlet of the municipality Gesves in Belgium.

It is famous for Goyet Caves, with glacial remnants of Neandertals, Homo sapiens and canid.

In 2016, two ancient hunter-gatherers that were excavated at Goyet were found to carry the M mtDNA haplogroup. The Late Pleistocene specimens were dated to 34,000 and 35,000 years ago.

References

Category:Populated places in Namur (province)
Category:Populated places in Belgium


Visa requirements for Malagasy citizens

Visa requirements for Malagasy citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Madagascar. As of 02 July 2019, Malagasy citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 53 countries and territories, ranking the Malagasy passport 91st in terms of travel freedom (tied with a passport from Guinea-Bissau) according to the Henley Passport Index.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements

Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories
Unrecognized or partially recognized countries

Dependent and autonomous territories

See also

Visa policy of Madagascar
Malagasy passport
List of diplomatic missions in Madagascar

References and Notes
References

Notes

Madagascar
Category:Foreign relations of Madagascar


Ramsés Bustos

Ramsés Maximiliano Bustos Guerrero (born 13 October 1991) is a Chilean footballer as a Striker. Buriram United terminated his contract due to disciplinary reasons.

External links
Ramsés at Football Lineups

References
Bustos signed for Nongbua Pitchaya in 2017.

Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chilean footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Chilean Primera División players
Category:Unión Española footballers
Category:Deportes La Serena footballers
Category:Deportes Copiapó footballers
Category:Deportes Valdivia footballers
Category:Buriram United F.C. players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Thailand