Rictaxis

Rictaxis is a genus of minute sea snails or "bubble snails", marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Acteonidae, the "barrel bubble" snails.

The genus name is derived from Latin words, meaning “open mouth”, and “axis” referring to the columella.

Species
Species within the genus Rictaxis include:
 Rictaxis albus (Sowerby, 1873)
 Rictaxis painei (Dall, 1903)
 Rictaxis punctocaelatus (Carpenter, 1864)
 Rictaxis sanguinea Valdès, 2008
 Species that have been synonymized
 Rictaxis punctostriatus : synonym of Japonactaeon punctostriatus (C. B. Adams, 1840)

 Rictaxis albus Sowerby, 1873
 Distribution : South Africa
 Length : 10–21 mm
 Description white shell with numerous spiraling white to lightbrown grooves
 Rictaxis painei Dall, 1903
 Distribution : America
 Rictaxis punctocaelatus Carpenter, 1864 Barrel shell; Carpenter's baby bubble (synonym: Acteon punctocaelatus Carpenter, 1864)
 Distribution : Southern Alaska, British Columbia, California
 Length : 10–20 mm
 Description : found in sand from lowtide line to depths up to 50 m; evenly elliptical shell with alternating darker brown and grayish-brown bands; outer lip and columellar folds are whitish; large spire; ovate columella strongly twisted, with a pointed posterior notch and a rounded base.

References

External links

Category:Acteonidae


Elena Pavel

Elena Iuliana Pavel (born 26 March 1984) is a Romanian international football defender currently playing for Sporting Huelva in the Spanish league. She previously played for CFF Clujana, with whom she played the UEFA Women's Cup, and Motorul Oradea.

She first played with the Romanian national team in the last match of the 2001 European Championship qualifying against Estonia. In the 2011 World Cup qualifying she scored against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In January 2016 Pavel was annoyed when the male referee asked her on a date during a Primera División match versus Santa Teresa CD. Unimpressed by his advances ("Hey brown hair, let's get coffee this afternoon") Pavel answered: "Better stick to blowing your whistle".

References

External links

 Profile at La Liga

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Romanian women's footballers
Category:Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Category:Romania women's international footballers
Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Spain
Category:Sporting de Huelva players
Category:Primera División (women) players
Category:Sportspeople from Constanța
Category:Women's association football defenders


Kartam of Colchis

Kartam () was a Pharnavazid eristavi of Colchis and prince of the Kingdom of Iberia in the 1st century BC.

Kartam was a descendant of Kuji of Colchis from his marriage on a sister of Pharnavaz I of Iberia. Kartam was adopted by King Pharnavaz II. He married Pharnavaz's daughter and had two sons: Pharasmanes I and Mithridates. Kartam died in 33 BC.

References

Category:33 BC deaths
Category:1st-century BC people
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Pharnavazid dynasty


Vegetable oils as alternative energy

Vegetable oils are increasingly used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Vegetable oils are the basis of biodiesel, which can be used like conventional diesel. Some vegetable oil blends are used in unmodified vehicles, but straight vegetable oil needs specially prepared vehicles which have a method of heating the oil to reduce its viscosity and surface tension. Another alternative is vegetable oil refining.

The availability of biodiesel around the world is increasing, although still tiny compared to conventional fossil fuel sources.  There is significant research in algaculture methods to make biofuel from algae.

Concerns have been expressed about growing crops for fuel use rather than food and the environmental impacts of large-scale agriculture and land clearing required to expand the production of vegetable oil for fuel use. These effects/impacts would need to be specifically researched and evaluated, economically and ecologically, and weighed in balance with the proposed benefits of vegetable oil fuel in relation to the use of other fuel sources.

Future of energy for world economy
There is a limited amount of fossil fuel inside the Earth.  Since the current world energy resources and consumption is mainly fossil fuels, we are very dependent on them for both transportation and electric power generation.  The Hubbert peak theory predicts that oil depletion will result in oil production dropping off in the not too distant future.  As time goes on our economy will have to transition to some alternative fuels. Fossil fuels have solved two problems which could be separately solved in the future: the problem of a source of primary energy and of energy storage.  Along with straight vegetable oil and biodiesel, some energy technologies that could play an important part in the future include:

| width="30%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"|
 hydrogen economy
 methanol fuel
 ethanol fuel
 lithium economy
 zinc-air battery
 liquid nitrogen economy
 synthetic fuel
| width="30%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"|
 solar energy / photovoltaics
 nuclear power (fission power)
 fusion power
 wind power
 compressed air energy storage
 flywheel energy storage
 biofuel
| width="30%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"|

Net CO2 or greenhouse gas production

Plants use sunlight and photosynthesis to take carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the Earth's atmosphere to make  vegetable oil.  The same CO2 is then put back after it is burned in an engine.  Thus vegetable oil does not increase the CO2 in the atmosphere, and does not directly contribute to the problem of greenhouse gas.  It is really a way of catching and storing solar energy; it is a renewable energy.

However, as with other "renewable" energy sources, there may be a (relatively small) carbon footprint associated with production or distribution of vegetable oil.

Safety

Vegetable oil is far less toxic than other fuels such as gasoline, petroleum-based diesel, ethanol, or methanol, and has a much higher flash point (approximately 275-290 °C).  The higher flash point reduces the risk of accidental ignition.  Some types of vegetable oil are edible.

Generation and storage
Technologies of  hydrogen economy, batteries, compressed air energy storage, and flywheel energy storage address the energy storage problem but not the source of primary energy.  Other technologies like fission power, fusion power, and solar power address the problem of a source of primary energy but not energy storage.  Vegetable oil addresses both the source of primary energy and of energy storage. The cost and weight to store a given amount of energy as vegetable oil is low compared to many of the potential replacements for fossil fuels.

Type of vegetable oil
The list of vegetable oils article discusses which types of vegetable oil are used for fuel and where different types are grown.

Transportation
Vegetable oil is used for transportation in four different ways:
 Vegetable oil blends - Mixing vegetable oil with diesel lets users get some of the advantages of burning vegetable oil and is often done with no modification to the vehicle.
 Biodiesel - If vegetable oil is transesterified it becomes biodiesel.  Biodiesel burns like normal diesel and works fine in any diesel engine.  The name just indicates that the fuel came from vegetable oil.
 Straight vegetable oil -  Straight vegetable oil works in diesel engines if it is heated first. Some diesel engines already heat their fuel, others need a small electric heater on the fuel line.  How well it works depends on the heating system, the engine, the type of vegetable oil (thinner is easier), and the climate (warmer is easier).  Some data is available on results users are seeing.  As vegetable oil has become more popular as a fuel, engines are being designed to handle it better. The Elsbett engine is designed to run on straight vegetable oil.  However, as of the start of 2007, it seems that there are not any production vehicles warrantied for burning straight vegetable oil, although Deutz offer a tractor and John Deere are known to be in late stages of engine development.  There is a German rapeseed oil fuel standard DIN 51605.  At this point straight vegetable oil is only a niche market although the market segment in Germany is rapidly growing with large haulage vehicle fleets adopting the fuel, largely for economic reasons. A growing number of decentralised oil mills provide a large part of this fuel.
 Vegetable oil refining - Vegetable oil can be used as feedstock for an oil refinery.  There it can be transformed into fuel by hydrocracking (which breaks big molecules into smaller ones using hydrogen) or hydrogenation (which adds hydrogen to molecules).  These methods can produce gasoline, diesel, or propane.  Some commercial examples of vegetable oil refining are NExBTL, H-Bio, and the ConocoPhilips Process.

The transition can start with biodiesel, vegetable oil refining, and vegetable oil blends, since these technologies do not require the capital outlay of converting an engine to run on vegetable oils.  Because it costs to convert vegetable oil into biodiesel it is expected that vegetable oil will always be cheaper than biodiesel.  After there are production cars that can use straight vegetable oil and a standard type available at gas stations, consumers will probably choose straight vegetable oil to save money.  So the transition to vegetable oil can happen gradually.

Electricity generation
Other methods, like nuclear power, fusion power, wind power and solar power, may provide cheaper electricity, so vegetable oil may only be used in peaking power plants and small power plants, as diesel is limited to today.  There is at least one 5 MW power plant that runs on biodiesel. MAN B&W Diesel, Wärtsilä and other companies produce engines suitable for power generation that can be fueled with pure plant oils.

Market, cost, price, and taxes

In Europe, straight vegetable oil (SVO) costs 150 pence/litre at most supermarkets  and somewhat less when bought in bulk direct from the manufacturers whereas diesel costs at least 130 pence per litre (in the UK ) to well over that (depends on the year, 1.4 euro is the current market price in central Europe). In the USA, diesel costs about 0,6 $ per liter and the cheapest SVO costs about the same, with more expensive oils costing more than that (up to $7 per gallon).

The availability of biodiesel around the World is increasing.  It is estimated that by 2010 the market for biodiesel will be 7.5 billion litres (2 billion USgallons) in the U.S and 9.5 billion litres (2.5 billion USgallons) in Europe.  Biodiesel currently has 3% of the diesel market in Germany and is the number 1 alternative fuel.  The German government has a Biofuels Roadmap in which they expect to reach 10% biofuels by 2010 with the diesel 10% coming from fuel made from vegetable oil.

From 2005 to 2007 a number of types of vegetable oil have doubled in price. The rise in vegetable oil prices is largely attributed to biofuel demand.

Much of the fuel price at the pump is due to fuel tax.   If you buy vegetable oil at the grocery store it does not have such high taxes.  So at times people have bought vegetable oil at the store for their cars because it was cheaper.  They did this in spite of the fact that packaging by the gallon adds to the cost and it was illegal to use in a car since no fuel tax had been paid on it.

Since vegetable oil (even as biodiesel) does not contribute to greenhouse gas, governments may tax it much less than gasoline as they have done with ethanol.
This would help them reach Kyoto protocol targets.

Production in sufficient quantity

The World production of vegetable oil seed is forecast to be 418 million tonnes in 2008/09.  After pressing this will make 131 million tonnes of vegetable oil. Much of this is from Oil Palm, and palm oil production is growing at 5% per year.  At about 7.5 lb/USgal (900 g/L) this is about 38 billion USgallons (144 billion L).  Currently vegetable oil is mostly used in food and some industrial uses with a small percentage used as fuel.  The major fuel usage is by conversion to biodiesel with about  in 2009.

In 2004 the US consumed 530 billion litres (140 billion USgal) of gasoline and 150 billion litres (40 billion USgal) of diesel. In biodiesel it says oil palm produces 5940 litres per hectare (635 USgal/acre) of palm oil each year.  To make  of vegetable oil each year would require  or a square of land  on a side.

"The gradual move from oil has begun. Over the next 15 to 20 years we may see biofuels providing a full 25 percent of the world's energy needs. While the move is good for reducing greenhouse emissions, soaring oil prices have encouraged most countries to 'go green' by switching to greater use of biofuels." - Alexander Müller, Assistant Director-General of Sustainable Development at the FAO.

Algaculture could potentially produce far more oil per unit area.   Results from pilot algaculture projects using sterile CO2 from power plant smokestacks look promising.

Genetic modifications to soybeans are already being used.  Genetic modifications and breeding can increase vegetable oil yields.  From 1979 to 2005 the soybean yield in bushels per acre more than doubled.  A company has developed a variety of camelina sativa that yields 20% more oil than the standard variety.

Environmental effects

There is concern that the current growing demand for vegetable oil is causing deforestation, with old forests being replaced with oil palms. When land is cleared it is often burned, which releases large amounts of the greenhouse gas CO2. Vegetable oil production would have to increase substantially to replace gasoline and diesel.  With current technology such an increase in production would have a substantial environmental impact.

Food vs fuel debate

In some poor countries the rising price of vegetable oil is causing problems. There are those that say using a food crop for fuel sets up competition between food in poor countries and fuel in rich countries.   Some propose that fuel only be made from non-edible vegetable oils like jatropha oil. Others argue that the problem is more fundamental. The law of supply and demand predicts that if fewer farmers are producing food the price of food will rise.  It may take some time, as farmers can take some time to change which things they are growing, but increasing demand for biofuels is likely to result in price increases for many kinds of food.  Some have pointed out that there are poor farmers and poor countries making more money because of the higher price of vegetable oil.

With the use of non-edible vegetable oils produced by trees such as Millettia Pinnata (formerly Pongamia Pinnata) or the Moringa oleifera tree, both which grow on borderline or non-arable land, the food versus fuel debate becomes less of an either/or question. Apart from their facility of growing in non-arable and/or marginal land, these trees offer major advantages over peanut, soy-bean, sunflower, etc., in that they have long lives (up to 100 years), very low maintenance (since the intensive husbandry is limited to the first few years of their producing lives) and can provide cash-crops to rural areas, such as rural India. In the case of Millettia Pinnata and a few others, the fact that they are nitrogen-fixing legumes is another very important factor, in that they do not deplete the soil. Among other benefits of these trees is that they have root-systems that penetrate much deeper and do not compete with shallow-rooted plants, like grass (once the trees have attained a certain maturity). This means that the land can be used for multiple purposes, such as grazing for animals. Yet another benefit of using Millettia Pinnata to produce bio-diesel is that it can tolerate low rainfall (as little as 250 ml per year), far below what most food-crops require, thus reducing yet more their potential to compete.

Algae for vegetable oil production

Some species of algae contain as much as 50% vegetable oil.  Algae have very high growth rates compared to plants normally used to produce vegetable oil. Potentially algae could produce much more oil per area of land than current farming methods.   So producing vegetable oil this way should result in less deforestation and less competition for food production land.   One expert wrote: "As demonstrated here, microalgal biodiesel is technically feasible. It is the only renewable biodiesel that can potentially completely displace liquid fuels derived from petroleum. Economics of producing microalgal biodiesel need to improve substantially to make it competitive with petrodiesel, but the level of improvement necessary appears to be attainable.
"

Where there is existing electricity generation using fossil fuels, there is a source of sterile CO2.  This makes algaculture much easier.  To grow algae you need lots of CO2, but if you get it from air you will also get all kinds of other organisms, some of which eat algae.  Getting CO2 from a smokestack works out really well.  Governments trying to address the external costs of coal power plants may have a carbon tax or carbon credit that provides additional motivation to use CO2 from smokestacks.   Several commercial pilot plants are under construction.

There is substantial research and development work in this area but as of 2007 there is no commercial vegetable oil produced from algae and used as biofuel. ExxonMobil is investing $600 million and estimates they are 5 to 10 years from significant production, but could invest billions in final development and commercialization.   If and when the commercialization challenges are overcome, vegetable oil production could expand very rapidly.

In 2012 President Obama supported the idea of getting oil from algae.

See also

 Biodiesel by region
 Dimethyl ether: another diesel fuel alternative
 Food price crisis
 Greasestock
 Hydrocarbon economy
 List of vegetable oils
 Low-carbon economy
 Motor oil
 Renewable energy
 Straight vegetable oil
 Strategic Fuel Reserve
 Sustainable development
 Vegetable oil blends

References

External links
 The Truth About Biofuels in America

Category:Renewable energy economy
Category:Biofuels
Category:Vegetable oils


24th GLAAD Media Awards

The 24th GLAAD Media Awards was the 2013 annual presentation of the GLAAD Media Awards, presented by GLAAD honoring the 2012 season. The awards honored films, television shows, musicians and works of journalism that fairly and accurately represent the LGBT community and issues relevant to the community. The 24th Annual GLAAD Media Awards honored 153 nominees in 25 English-language categories and eight Spanish-language categories.

Awards were presented in three separate ceremonies: in New York City on March 16, 2013, in Los Angeles on April 20, 2013 and in San Francisco on May 11, 2013.

Winners and nominees
Winners are presented in bold.

English-language categories
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Winners and nominees
|-
! scope="row" | Outstanding Film - Wide Release
|
The Perks of Being a Wallflower
The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
Cloud Atlas
ParaNorman
Your Sister's Sister
|-
! scope="row" | Outstanding Film - Limited Release
|
Any Day Now
Keep the Lights On
Mosquita y Mari
Musical Chairs
North Sea Texas
|-
! scope="row" | Outstanding Drama Series
|
Smash
Degrassi: The Next Generation
Grey's Anatomy
The L.A. Complex
True Blood
|-
! scope="row" | Outstanding Comedy Series
|
The New Normal
Glee
Go On
Happy Endings
Modern Family
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Individual Episode (in a series without a regular LGBT character)
|
"Don't Ask, Don't Tell Me What to Do" of Raising Hope
"Family Matters" of Drop Dead Diva
"L'Affaire Du Coeur" of Franklin & Bash
"Lost and Found" of Touch
"Ruby Slippers" of The Mentalist
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding TV Movie or Mini-Series
|
American Horror Story: Asylum
Hit & Miss
Political Animals
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Documentary
|
How to Survive a Plague
Wish Me Away
Codebreaker
Hit So Hard
Vito
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Reality Program
|
The Amazing Race
"It Is What It Is" of Here Comes Honey Boo Boo"Welcome to Hollywood!" of Pregnant in Heels
Small Town Security
The Real L Word
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Talk Show Episode
|"At Home with Neil Patrick Harris, His Fiancé David Burtka, & Their Twins" of Oprah's Next Chapter"Autoshop Restores Bullied Gay Student's Car for Free" of The Ellen DeGeneres Show
"Bishop Gene Robinson" of The Daily Show
"Marriage Equality" of The Suze Orman Show
"The Husband Who is Now a Woman and the Daughter Who is Now a Son" of The Jeff Probst Show
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Daily Drama
|Days of Our LivesThe Bold and the Beautiful

|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding TV Journalism - News Magazine
|"Being Transgender in America" of Melissa Harris-Perry
"Almost Equal" of Chronicle
"End of an Error" of The Rachel Maddow Show
"Golden Star" of Rock Center with Brian Williams
"The Last Closet" of Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding TV Journalism Segment
|"Obama Endorses Marriage Equality" of Good Morning America
"Civil Rights Icon Supports Gay Marriage" of CNN Newsroom
"Controversial Pastor Preaches Against Gays" of Anderson Cooper 360°
"Matthew Mitcham Olympics Profile" of Olympics on NBC
"Scout Mom Dismissed" of MSNBC Live
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Newspaper Article
|"Game Changer" by Andy Mannix, City Pages"Black Church Reaches Out to Gay, Transgender Teens" by Meghan E. Irons, The Boston Globe
"Generation Halsted" (series), Windy City Times
"Most Local School Districts Ignore State's Anti-Gay Bullying Law" by Phillip Zonkel, Press-Telegram
"Turned Away, He Turned to the Bible" by Douglas Quenqua, The New York Times
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Newspaper Columnist
|Frank Bruni, The New York TimesBill Nemitz, Portland Press Herald
Leonard Pitts, The Miami Herald
Eugene Robinson, The Washington Post
Dan Rodricks, The Baltimore Sun
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Newspaper Overall Coverage
|The Boston GlobeThe Baltimore Sun
Portland Press Herald
Sioux City Journal
USA Today
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Magazine Article
|"School of Hate" by Sabrina Rubin Erdely, Rolling Stone"The First Gay President" by Andrew Sullivan, Newsweek
"The Marriage Plot: Inside This Year's Epic Campaign for Gay Equality" by Molly Ball, The Atlantic
"Netherland" by Rachel Aviv, The New Yorker
"The Transgender Athlete" by Pablo S. Torre and David Epstein, Sports Illustrated
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Magazine Overall Coverage
|The Advocate/OutNew York
The New Yorker
People
Seventeen
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Digital Journalism Article
|"Why Aren't We Fighting for CeCe McDonald?" by Marc Lamont Hill, Ebony.com
"The Beautiful Daughter: How My Korean Mother Gave Me the Courage to Transition" by Andy Marra, HuffingtonPost.com
"Boardroom Battle: Directors Clash Over Gay Rights" by Ryan Ruggiero, CNBC.com
"Eight Months in Solitary" by Andrew Harmon, Advocate.com
"Workplace Protections for LGBT Workers Remain Stalled" by Chris Geidner, BuzzFeed.com
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Digital Journalism - Multimedia
|"Edie Takes on DOMA" In the Life, ITLMedia.org
"The Advocate 45" (series), Advocate.com
"Athletes at Core of 'Fearless' Photo Project" by Patrick Dorsey and Jeff Sheng, ESPN.com
"'Don't Ask, Don't Tell': Transgender Officers on Secretly Serving in the U.S. Military" by Marc Lamont Hill, Live.HuffingtonPost.com
"Gay Rights in the US, State by State", GuardianNews.com
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Blog
|Rod 2.0Autostraddle
blac(k)ademic
The New Civil Rights Movement
Towleroad
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Music Artist
|Adam Lambert, Trespassing (tie)Frank Ocean, Channel Orange (tie)
Gossip, A Joyful Noise
Scissor Sisters, Magic Hour
Rufus Wainwright, Out of the Game
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Comic Book
|Kevin Keller by Dan Parent, Archie Comics
Astonishing X-Men by Marjorie Liu, Marvel Comics
Batwoman by J.H. Williams III and W. Haden Blackman, DC Comics
Buffy the Vampire Slayer by Andrew Chambliss, Scott Allie, Jane Espenson, Drew Z. Greenberg, Dark Horse Comics
Earth 2 by James Robinson, DC Comics
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding Los Angeles Theatre
|The Children by Michael ElyanowEdith Can Shoot Things and Hit Them by A. Rey Pamatmat
The Irish Curse by Martin Casella
Pieces by Chris Phillips
Silent by Pat Kinevane
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding New York Theatre: Broadway and Off-Broadway
|The Whale by Samuel D. HunterBring It On: The Musical Book by Jeff Whitty, music and lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Tom Kitt and Amanda Green
Cock by Mike Bartlett
The Columnist by David Auburn
Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike by Christopher Durang
|-
! scope="row" |Outstanding New York Theatre: Off-Off Broadway
|From White Plains written by Michael Perlman in collaboration with Fault Line TheatreBaby Daddy by Alec Mapa
A Map of Virtue by Erin Courtney
Sontag: Reborn adapted by Moe Angelos, based on the book by Susan Sontag
Tail! Spin! created by Mario Correa
|}

Spanish-language categories

HonoreesVito Russo Award: Anderson CooperAdvocate for Change Award: President Bill ClintonStephen F. Kolzak Award: Steve Warren (attorney)Davidson/Valentini Award:''' Adam Lambert

Notes

References

24th
GLAAD
Category:2013 in California
Category:2013 in LGBT history
Category:2013 in New York City
Category:2013 in Los Angeles
Category:2013 in San Francisco
Category:Lists of LGBT-related award winners and nominees


Chiu Ban It

Joshua Chiu Ban It (;  – 2016) was  the Bishop of Singapore from 1966 to 1981, and was the first indigenous Bishop of Singapore.

Chiu graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of London in 1941 and was ordained after a period of study at Westcott House, Cambridge in 1943. His first post was as Curate at St Francis Bournville after which he was Priest in charge of St Hilda, Katong. and then Vicar of Selangor.

From 1959 to 1961, Chiu was  Secretary of the Australian Board of Missions and from then, until his elevation to the Episcopate, held a similar post with the Laymen World Council of Churches.

External links
Portrait

Notes

Category:Alumni of the University of London
Category:1921 births
Category:Bishops of Singapore
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Singaporean Anglicans
Category:Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Category:Singaporean religious leaders
Category:Deans of Singapore
Category:Alumni of Westcott House, Cambridge


1982 United States Senate election in Nebraska

The 1982 United States Senate election in Nebraska was held on November 5, 1982 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of Nebraska. Democratic U.S. Senator Edward Zorinsky won re-election.

Candidates

Democratic
 Edward Zorinsky, incumbent U.S. Senator

Republican
 Jim Keck, Air Force officer

Results

See also
 United States Senate elections, 1982 and 1983

References

Category:1982 Nebraska elections
Nebraska
1982


Conus pseudotextile

Conus pseudotextile is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Distribution
This species occurs in France.

References

Category:Conidae


Strawberry Point, Iowa

Strawberry Point is a city in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,279 at the 2010 census, down from 1,386 at the 2000 census. Strawberry Point is home to the world's largest strawberry (a 15-foot fiberglass statue), and the Franklin Hotel, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. Backbone State Park, Iowa's oldest state park, is located a few miles from the town.

Geography
Strawberry Point's longitude and latitude coordinates in decimal form are 42.679195, -91.536891.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,279 people, 559 households, and 348 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 622 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.5% White, 1% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 559 households of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.7% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 23.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,386 people, 531 households, and 347 families living in the city. The population density was 677.7 people per square mile (261.0/km²). There were 560 housing units at an average density of 273.8 per square mile (105.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.21% White, 0.07% Native American, 0.07% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 531 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,766, and the median income for a family was $45,268. Males had a median income of $30,300 versus $21,289 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,400. About 4.6% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

Michael Breitbach, Iowa State Senator.
Student Doctor Blake Johnson, Iowa Johns Hopkins Medical Student, future Chief of Plastic Surgery

References

External links

Official City Website
City-Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Strawberry Point

Category:Cities in Clayton County, Iowa
Category:Cities in Iowa


Stara Łubianka

Stara Łubianka  ()  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szydłowo, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Szydłowo,  north of Piła, and  north of the regional capital Poznań.

The village has a population of 1,300.

References

External links
 Website about Landkreis Deutsch Krone with information about the cities and villages (in German / deutsch)

Category:Villages in Piła County


Condor Laucke

Sir Condor Louis Laucke,  (9 November 1914 – 30 July 1993) was an Australian Liberal Party politician who served in both the South Australian House of Assembly and the Federal Senate, before becoming Lieutenant-Governor of South Australia.

Early life
Condor Laucke was the youngest son of a German immigrant, Friedrich Laucke, who had migrated to South Australia from Bremen in 1895. In 1899, his father established Laucke Mills at Greenock in South Australia's Barossa Valley. Laucke was educated at Immanuel College and the School of Mines in Adelaide, and after graduating, joined the family business, becoming Director and General Manager of what was now a large milling and stock feed enterprise in 1947.

State politics
Laucke was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly in the 1956 election, representing the Electoral district of Barossa as part of Sir Thomas Playford's Liberal and Country League government. He was re-elected in 1959 and 1962, and from 1962 to 1965 served as Government Whip and was regarded by colleagues as a potential future leader of the Liberal and Country League. However Laucke lost his seat to Labor candidate Molly Byrne in the 1965 election which swept the Liberal and Country League from office after 32 years in government—an election campaign in which Barossa, where northern Adelaide urban sprawl was overflowing into an otherwise rural and conservative electorate, was particularly targeted by Labor.

Federal politics

Laucke then moved into Federal politics, being appointed as a Senator for South Australia to fill the vacancy left by the death of Senator Clive Hannaford, his term beginning on 2 November 1967. He represented South Australia until 1981, being re-elected in 1967, 1974 and 1975, and was President of the Australian Senate from 17 February 1976 until 30 June 1981.

Other activities
In 1974, Laucke was one of the founding members of the Barons of Barossa, an organisation formed to promote the Barossa Valley and its winemaking and grape growing industries, to preserve its heritage, traditions and standards, and to carry out philanthropic works.

On 30 December 1978, Laucke was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George "for Services to the Parliament of Australia."

After retiring from the Federal Parliament, Laucke acted as Lieutenant Governor of South Australia from July 1982 to April 1992, during which time he performed the role of Governor for more than 300 days, while Governor Sir Donald Dunstan was either ill, out of the state or visiting remote areas.

References

External links
 Australian Dictionary of Biography
 Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate

|-

Category:1914 births
Category:1993 deaths
Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Category:Presidents of the Australian Senate
Category:Members of the Australian Senate for South Australia
Category:Members of the Australian Senate
Category:Members of the South Australian House of Assembly
Category:Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:Australian politicians awarded knighthoods
Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of South Australia
Category:Liberal and Country League politicians
Category:20th-century Australian politicians
Category:Australian people of German descent
Category:Lieutenant-Governors of South Australia


Musaabad-e Olya

Musaabad-e Olya (, also Romanized as Mūsáābād-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Rumiani Rural District, Suri District, Rumeshkhan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. It lies north-north-east of the village of Hoseynabad. At the 2006 census, its population was 715, in 139 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Rumeshkhan County


Wayne Pretty

Donald Waynne Pretty (born June 11, 1936) is a Canadian rower who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

In 1956 he was a crew member of the Canadian boat which won the silver medal in the eights event.

Eight years later he finished ninth with the Canadian boat in the eight competition.

External links
 profile

Category:1936 births
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian male rowers
Category:Olympic rowers of Canada
Category:Rowers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Rowers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Category:Olympic medalists in rowing
Category:Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in rowing
Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
Category:Rowers at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games


Masha Shomareh Yek

Masha Shomareh Yek (, also Romanized as Mashāʿ Shomāreh Yek) is a village in Ali Jamal Rural District, in the Central District of Boshruyeh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.

References

Category:Populated places in Boshruyeh County


Italy men's national inline hockey team

Italy men's national inline hockey team is the national team side of Italy at international inline hockey.

Results history

Roster 2011
In the 2011 the Italian team won silver medal at the FIRS Senior Men's Inline Hockey World Championships, held in Roccaraso, Italy.

Stefano Antinori
Andrea Alberti
Claudio Mantese
Andrea Comencini
Stefano Frigo
Riccardo Mosele
Enrico Dorigatti
Matthias Eisestecken
Luca Roffo
Emanuele Banchero
Ingemar Gruber
Fabio Rigoni
Dennis Somadossi
Riccardo Buggin
Luca Rigoni Luca Felicetti

See also
Italy men's national ice hockey team
Italy men's national roller hockey team

References

External links
 Le Nazionali Azzurre

Inline hockey
Category:National inline hockey teams
Category:Inline hockey in Italy


Barbara Sattler

Barbara Sattler may refer to:
 Barbara Sattler-Kovacevic (born 1948), Austrian retired slalom canoeist
 Barbara Sattler (philosopher), British philosopher


Rieser Mill

Rieser Mill is a historic grist mill and miller's house located in Bern Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania.  The mill was built in 1825, and is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular stone banked building with a gable roof. The building replaced an earlier mill on the same site. The miller's house is a "T"-shaped, stone and brick dwelling.  It was built in 1784, and enlarged in the late 1800s.   The mill is located approximately 1/4-mile from the Rieser-Shoemaker Farm.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Gallery

References

Category:Grinding mills in Berks County, Pennsylvania
Category:Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1825
Category:Houses in Berks County, Pennsylvania
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Berks County, Pennsylvania
Category:1825 establishments in Pennsylvania


Psychedelic literature

This is a list of psychedelic literature, works related to psychedelic drugs and the psychedelic experience. Psychedelic literature has also been defined as textual works that arose from the proliferation of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic research with hallucinogens during the 1950s and early 1960s in North America and Europe.

The science of psychedelic drugs

The anthropology of psychedelic drugs

Subjective effects of psychedelic drugs

Political possibilities of psychedelic drugs

Direct inspiration of the psychedelic experience

Psychedelic magazines
Psychozoic Press
 High Frontiers
 Psychedelic Monographs and Essays
 The Entheogen Review
 Dragibus Magazine
 Psychedelic Magazine
 Psychedelic Press''

See also
 Erowid
 Psychedelic film
 Psychedelic art

References

Category:Psychedelic literature
Category:Lists of books
Category:Psychology bibliographies
Category:Philosophy bibliographies


All I Know (Karnivool song)

"All I Know" is the fifth single/music video released by Australian progressive rock band Karnivool. It is the second single released from the band's second studio album, Sound Awake.

Music video

On 9 November 2009, a video was posted on YouTube for the single. In the video, the band members appear to be lost in a giant maze with snowflakes drifting down from the sky. All members are playing their separate instruments, while Ian Kenny is singing and wandering around in the maze. Once the song goes into the chorus, all the members except Ian appear together (whereas before they were wondering apart) and start jamming, while a black substance shoots up into the sky around them. All this is mixed with footage of water rushing down a section of the maze. This is how the video continues until the end, which shows Ian kneeling in front of what looks like a giant mirror. A transparent hand reaches out of the mirror, and just when Ian's hand is about to touch the other hand the song ends and the video fades out.

Song name(s)

"All I Know" was not the first name the song was under. In fact, it had several. When the song was first made, it was under the name "Rape". The band became dissatisfied with this, and changed the name to "Pear", which is an anagram of "Rape". Again the band did not like this, so they lengthened the name to "Pearogram". This is the name it was under when it was first previewed, along with other songs from the album, at live shows. Then, before the album's release, the name was changed one last time, to "All I Know".

Personnel

 Ian Kenny - vocals
 Drew Goddard - lead guitar
 Mark Hosking - rhythm guitar
 Jon Stockman - bass
 Steve Judd - drums
 Forrester Savell - production

References

External links

Category:Karnivool songs
Category:2009 songs


Bridget Jones's Baby

Bridget Jones's Baby is a 2016 romantic comedy film directed by Sharon Maguire and written by Helen Fielding, Dan Mazer and Emma Thompson, based on the fictional columns by Fielding. It is the third film in the franchise and a sequel to 2004 film Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason. The film stars Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones, who after becoming pregnant is unsure if Mark Darcy (Colin Firth, also reprising his role) or Jack Qwant (Patrick Dempsey) is the father. The film marked Zellweger's return to the screen after a six year hiatus.

Filming began on 2 October 2015 in London. The film was released theatrically on 16 September 2016 in the United Kingdom and United States and on 5 October in France. It received generally positive reviews and grossed over $211 million worldwide.

Plot
On her forty-third birthday, Bridget Jones attends the funeral of Daniel Cleaver, presumed dead after a plane crash. She sees her ex Mark Darcy with his new wife Camilla.

Bridget now works as a television producer and is close friends with anchor Miranda. After spending the night of her birthday alone, Bridget embraces her single life, accepting Miranda's offer to go to a music festival where she meets a man called Jack. Later that evening a drunk Bridget crawls into a yurt she thinks belongs to her and Miranda, but actually belongs to Jack. Despite the surprise, Jack invites her to stay and the two have a one-night stand. In the morning, finding the bed empty, Bridget leaves, unaware Jack is out getting breakfast for both of them.

Returning home, Bridget goes to the christening of Jude's youngest child, where she is the godmother and Mark has been asked to be the godfather at the last minute. Mark tells her that he and his wife are divorcing and Camilla was only at the funeral for moral support. Realising they are still in love, Bridget and Mark spend the night together. Mark says he is travelling for work early the next day, so Bridget exits before he wakes up, leaving behind a note telling him that reconnecting with him is too painful.

A few weeks later, Bridget realises she is pregnant. She decides that she wants to keep the baby despite being single, as it might be her last chance to have a child. After a visit to the clinic of Dr. Rawling, she realises that the father could be Mark or Jack. She is unable to contact Jack until Miranda spots him on an TV ad and they realise he is Jack Qwant, a billionaire inventor of a dating website.

Miranda conspires with Bridget to have Jack as a guest on their news show so that they can take DNA samples to work out if Jack is the father. Although Bridget tries to stay incognito, Jack recognises her and asks her why she left after their night together. She apologises and decides to tell him that she is pregnant and that he is the father, without mentioning Mark. Initially taken aback at the responsibility of having a child with a stranger, Jack throws himself into the role of being a father. Bridget also tells Mark the news who is so thrilled at the prospect that she cannot find the courage to tell him about Jack. Dr Rawlings tries to administer a DNA test, but Bridget decides not to go ahead with it while her child is still in the womb as she is terrified by the risk of miscarriage.

Bridget invites Jack to a work event, and is startled when Mark shows up as well. The two men meet, and the three go out to dinner, where Bridget finally admits that she is unsure who the father is. Although disappointed, Jack takes the news well, but Mark is upset and walks out though he eventually becomes supportive as well. Mark and Jack eventually become jealous of each other and when Jack implies that he and Bridget had sex without condoms Mark leaves and ignores Bridget's calls. Jack asks her to move in with him, but he eventually confesses to Bridget what he told Mark. Upset, Bridget rushes to talk to Mark, but sees his wife arriving at his house, so she walks away.

Nine months into her pregnancy Bridget finds herself locked out in the rain. Mark arrives and breaks into the flat for her. After Bridget asks him about his wife at his flat, he informs her that she was there to pick up the last of her things. Just as they are about to kiss, Bridget's water breaks. When his phone rings for work, Mark throws it out the window, which, although romantic, leaves them without a means to call help. They eventually make it to the hospital with some help from Jack. Later Jack apologises to Mark for his behaviour. Bridget gives birth to a boy, and her friends and parents come to visit them. Rawlings takes Mark and Jack away to perform the DNA test, and they genuinely wish each other luck.

A year later, Bridget is at church for her wedding to Mark. Jack Qwant attends as a guest and holds onto Bridget and Mark's son William.

Later a newspaper lying on a bench reveals that Daniel Cleaver has been found alive.

Cast

Production
In July 2009, Variety announced that a third installment of the Bridget Jones films was in the early stages of development. Working Title Films confirmed that it would not be based on Helen Fielding's third Bridget Jones novel, but instead would be based on the columns she wrote for The Independent in 2005. On 1 March 2011, it was reported that both Renée Zellweger and Colin Firth were interested in reprising their roles. In July 2011, Paul Feig was in final talks to direct the film based on the script by author Fielding. On 11 August 2011, Universal Studios and Working Title greenlit the third film. On 4 October 2011, Deadline reported that Feig had exited the project due to creative differences with Working Title, and Feig had also worked on the recent draft of the script. Production was slated to begin in January 2012 with the returning cast including Zellweger, Firth, and Hugh Grant. On 30 November 2011, Peter Cattaneo came on board to direct the sequel, newly titled "Bridget Jones's Baby" from a script by Fielding, Feig, and David Nicholls. Producers on board were Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner of Working Title, along with Jonathan Cavendish of Little Bird. The production was delayed due to creative differences between the script of the film and actors, especially Grant as he disliked the script and reportedly Grant had left the project, though this was denied by producer Bevan. However, the producer confirmed that they were working on the script and the film would be made as planned.

In April 2013, Firth spoke to the Chicago Sun-Times, stating "unfortunately, it might be a bit of a long wait", and he said he "wouldn't say that it's completely dead in the water, but the way it's going, you might be seeing Bridget Jones's granddaughter's story being told by the time we get there." In an interview on 10 October 2014, Grant mentioned an existing script for a sequel, though he also expressed his dislike for it, and stated that he would not star in the third film. Later in the next week, producers hired Emma Thompson to rewrite the original script written by Fielding and Nicholls.

On 25 June 2015, it was reported that final negotiations for the film were going on and Sharon Maguire, director of the first film would return to direct the third film. Gemma Jones and Jim Broadbent were also in talks to return for the third film to join the cast. On 9 September 2015, Patrick Dempsey joined the cast of the film.

Filming

Filming for a short period began in July 2015 in Dublin, where the first scenes for the film were shot at Ed Sheeran's concert at Croke Park. Official principal photography with the actual cast began on 2 October 2015 in London.

The Television Studio interior scenes, the Hospital Ward interiors and various other scenes were shot on Stages 5 and 6 at West London Film Studios.

On 13 October 2015, shooting was taking place at Borough Market, and later in October in Windsor Great Park, at Rosy Bottom. According to the Daily Mail, filming took place at a church in Oxfordshire in October; other sources mention filming at St Lawrence's Church, West Wycombe in Buckinghamshire.

Filming wrapped up on 27 November 2015. Reshoots took place for one week starting 8 January 2016.

Music

Release

In October 2015, Bridget Jones's Baby was set for a 16 September 2016 release.
On 23 March the first trailer was released. Like the previous two films, the movie received an R rating in the United States. Zellweger's physical appearance in the trailer for the film has rekindled a debate about the possibility that Zellweger had plastic surgery, which began in 2014 when she re-emerged from a long hiatus. An editorial focused on the trailer for the film by Variety critic Owen Gleiberman titled "Renee Zellweger: If She No Longer Looks Like Herself, Has She Become a Different Actress?" prompted a response from Zellweger, who called the scrutiny over her appearance "sexist" and attributing her difference in appearance solely to "ageing," and wrote an open essay explaining her response in the weeks before the film's release.

Reception

Box office
Bridget Jones's Baby grossed $212 million worldwide, including $24.1 million in the United States and Canada and $60 million in the United Kingdom, against a budget of $35 million.

The film was released in North America on 16 September 2016 and was projected to gross $12–16 million in its opening weekend from 2,927 theaters. It made $364,000 from its Thursday night previews and $3 million on its first day. In total, the film made $8.2 million in its opening weekend, falling below projections and scoring the lowest opening of the series.

Internationally, where Universal Pictures handled most of the releases, the film fared better and especially in the UK where the previous two installments registered the biggest grossers. It debuted day-and-date in conjuncture with its North American release in 41 countries, including big markets like the UK and Ireland, Russia, Australia, Mexico and Spain in its opening weekend. The film will be released in a total of 62 countries. It scored the biggest opening day in the franchise in the UK, the Netherlands and Latin America including Mexico, Panama and Peru, and had number-one opening days in the UK, Australia, Spain, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa and Ukraine. Through Sunday, 18 September, it had an opening weekend of $29.9 million from 39 markets and debuted at number one in 24 of them. It was in second place at the box office, behind A Chinese Odyssey Part Three. It topped the international box office in its second weekend, earning $21.9 million from 47 markets. It recorded the biggest debut in the franchise and had number-one openings in certain markets like Australia ($4.2 million), the Netherlands ($1.9 million), Spain ($1.7 million), Iceland and New Zealand and bowed at second place in France ($3.7 million) and Russia ($1.4 million).

In the United Kingdom and Ireland – the biggest market for the first two films – the film opened on Friday, 16 September, and recorded the biggest comedy/romantic comedy opening day ever, as well as the biggest Working Title and September opening of all time with $4 million at 641 theaters. It went on to score a record breaking £8.11 million ($10.5 million) opening and dominated 57% of the total market share which is the biggest romantic comedy opening weekend ever in the UK; the biggest opening weekend ever for Working Title; and the biggest September launch weekend of all time. Excluding previews, the film has the seventh biggest debut of the year. The film fell just 20% in its second weekend to £6.4 million ($8.3 million) and continued to lead the box office for the third consecutive weekend, despite the influx of a row of competitions. After three straight wins, it was surpassed by The Girl on the Train in its fourth weekend. It broke a number of records including the fastest romantic comedy to earn £30 million, doing so on its seventeenth day (the first film took 31 days and the second film took 24 days). It has so far grossed a total of $54 million there becoming the biggest market outside of North America like its predecessors. Adjusted for inflation it is the lowest-grossing film behind both the films (£73.1 million and £57.8 million respectively).

After 31 days of playing in theaters, the film became the biggest film in the franchise in the United Kingdom with £42.24 million, surpassing the first film's final gross of £42 million. It currently sits as the third biggest film of 2016 behind Finding Dory (£42.25 million) and The Jungle Book (£46.1 million). In Netherlands, it is the highest-grossing Working Title picture of all time with $8.1 million — passing Notting Hill (1999), which held the record for 17 years.

Critical response
Bridget Jones's Baby received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 78%, based on 207 reviews, with an average rating of 6.33/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Bridget Jones's Baby might be late on arrival, but fans of the series should still find its third installment a bouncing bundle of joy." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a score 59 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Accolades

References

External links

Category:Bridget Jones
Category:2010s romantic comedy films
Category:2010s sequel films
Category:2016 films
Category:American films
Category:American romantic comedy films
Category:American sequel films
Category:British films
Category:British romantic comedy films
Category:British sequel films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Sharon Maguire
Category:Films produced by Eric Fellner
Category:Films produced by Tim Bevan
Category:Films set in London
Category:Films shot in Berkshire
Category:Films shot in Buckinghamshire
Category:Films shot in London
Category:Films shot in the Republic of Ireland
Category:French films
Category:French romantic comedy films
Category:French sequel films
Category:Miramax films
Category:Perfect World Pictures films
Category:Pregnancy films
Category:Films with screenplays by Emma Thompson
Category:Films scored by Craig Armstrong (composer)
Category:StudioCanal films
Category:Universal Pictures films
Category:Working Title Films films


Ice Lake (Oregon)

Ice Lake is a small lake in Wallowa County, in northeastern Oregon, United States, in the Eagle Cap Wilderness region. Its outflow is Adam Creek.

See also
 List of lakes in Oregon

References

Category:Lakes of Oregon
Category:Eagle Cap Wilderness


John Crawford (cricketer)

Reverend John Charles Crawford (29 May 1849 – 21 February 1935), known as Parson Crawford, was an English clergyman and amateur cricketer. He played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1872 and 1877.

Crawford made his first-class cricket debut for WG Grace's XI in 1871 against Kent before going on to play 10 times for Kent. He also played for a large number of non-first-class teams, including Leicestershire and Gentlemen's teams in Kent, Hertfordshire and Surrey and for Surrey's Second XI between 1891 and 1894. Crawford was a fast bowler and powerful batsman who was "large framed and powerfully built".

He was born in Hastings in Sussex in 1849. His father had played for the Gentlemen of England and his brother, Frank Fairbairn Crawford, also played first-class cricket for Kent as did three of Carwford's sons – Jack for Surrey and England, Reginald for Leicestershire and Vivian for both Surrey and Leicestershire. His Wisden obituary notes that he "loved the game so much that all his children played from an early age" and that an entire team of Crawford's played on occasion, including at least two of his daughters.

Crawford attended University College, Oxford. He was the chaplain to Cane Hill Hospital in Surrey for 36 years from 1883 until he retired in 1919. He was an honorary curate at St Mary's Church in Merton after his retirement and died at Wimbledon Chase in Surrey in 1935 aged 85. He is buried in the churchyard at St Mary's, Merton.

References

External links

Category:1849 births
Category:1935 deaths
Category:English cricketers
Category:Kent cricketers
Category:W. G. Grace's XI cricketers


Pauline Starke

Pauline Starke (January 10, 1901  – February 3, 1977) was an American silent-film actress born in Joplin, Missouri.

Career
Starke was introduced into the film industry by a friend following the completion of her education. Selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1922, Starke starred in a number of films from 1916 to 1935. She made her acting debut appearing as a dance extra in D. W. Griffith's film Intolerance (1916). She continued to play bit parts until director Frank Borzage started casting her in leading roles, beginning in 1917. She scored several lead roles in films, establishing her as a prominent silent-film actress during the 1920s.

On Broadway, Starke portrayed Sylvia Clayton in Zombie (1932).

Personal life and death
Starke married twice. She first married producer/director Jack White on September 24, 1927 and later married actor George Sherwood.

Starke died from the aftermath of a stroke on February 3, 1977 in Santa Monica, California.

Recognition
Starke has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6125 Hollywood Blvd, for her contributions to Motion Pictures.

Selected filmography

Intolerance (1916) - Favorite of the Harem (uncredited)
Puppets (1916, Short) - Columbine
The Rummy (1916) - The Girl
The Wharf Rat (1916) - Flo
Cheerful Givers (1917) - Abigail Deady
Madame Bo-Peep (1917) - Juanita
The Regenerates (1917) - Nora Duffy
Until They Get Me (1917) - Margy
The Argument (1918) - Wyllis Hyde
The Shoes That Danced (1918) - Rhoda Regan
Innocent's Progress (1918) - Tessa Fayne
The Man Who Woke Up (1918) - Edith Oglesby
Alias Mary Brown (1918) - Betty
Daughter Angele (1918) - Angele
The Atom (1918) - Jenny
Irish Eyes (1918) - Pegeen O'Barry
Whom the Gods Would Destroy (1919) - Julie
The Life Line (1919) - Ruth Heckett
Eyes of Youth (1919) - Rita Ashling
The Broken Butterfly (1919) - Marcene Elliot
Soldiers of Fortune (1919) - Hope Langham
The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come (1920, Lost film) - Melissa
Dangerous Days (1920) - Delight Haverford
The Courage of Marge O'Doone (1920, Lost film) - Marge O'Doone
Seeds of Vengeance (1920) - Ellen Daw
The Untamed (1920) - Kate Cumberland
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1921, Incomplete, only reels 2, 4, and 7 exist) - Sandy
Snowblind (1921) - The Girl
Salvation Nell (1921) - Nell Sanders
The Forgotten Woman (1921) - Dixie LaRose
Wife Against Wife (1921) - Gabrielle Gautier
Flower of the North (1921) - Jeanne D'Arcambal
My Wild Irish Rose (1922, Lost film) - Moya
If You Believe It, It's So (1922, Lost film) - Alvah Morley
The Kingdom Within (1922) - Emily Preston
Lost and Found on a South Sea Island (1923) - Lorna
Little Church Around the Corner (1923) - Hetty Burrows
The Little Girl Next Door (1923) - Mary Slocum
His Last Race (1923) - Denny's Wife
In the Palace of the King (1923) - Inez Mendoza
Eyes of the Forest (1923) - Ruth Melier
Arizona Express (1924) - Katherine Keith
Missing Daughters (1924) - Pauine Hinton
Dante's Inferno (1924) - The Nurse - Marjorie Vernon
Hearts of Oak (1924, Lost film) - Chrystal
Forbidden Paradise (1924) - Anna
Adventure (1925, Lost film) - Joan Lackland
The Devil's Cargo (1925) - Far Sampson
As No Man Has Loved (1925) - Anne Bissell
Sun-Up (1925) - Emmy
Bright Lights (1925, Lost, only the trailer exists) - Patsy Delaney
War Paint (1926, Lost, only the trailer exists) - Polly Hopkins
Love's Blindness (1926, Lost, only a fragment exists) - Vanessa Levy
Camille (1926, Short) - Nan
Honesty – The Best Policy (1926) - Mary Kay
Captain Salvation (1927) - Bess Morgan
Dance Magic (1927) - Johala Chandler
Streets of Shanghai (1927) - Mary Sanger
The Viking (1928) - Helga Nilsson
Man, Woman and Wife (1929) - Julia / Rita
The Mysterious Island (1929)
A Royal Romance (1930) - Countess von Baden
What Men Want (1930) - Lee Joyce
$20 a Week (1935) - Sally Blair
She Knew All the Answers (1941) - Prim Woman (uncredited)
Lost Angel (1943) - Bobby's Mother (uncredited) (final film role)

Notes

References

External links

 Pauline Starke at Virtual History

Category:1901 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:People from Joplin, Missouri
Category:American film actresses
Category:American silent film actresses
Category:20th-century American actresses
Category:WAMPAS Baby Stars


Stephen Furdek

Stephen Furdek (September 2, 1855 – January 18, 1915) was a Roman Catholic priest, a writer, and a co-founder of the First Catholic Slovak Union (Jednota). He helped organize the first parishes for Czech and Slovak immigrants in Cleveland, Ohio, and was an ardent activist for Slovak identity and nationhood. He is considered to be the first Slovak priest in the United States.

Biography

Stephen Furdek was born in Trstená, Slovakia (then part of Austria-Hungary) on September 2, 1855 to Štefan and Maria (née Stopková) Furdek. He attended grammar school in Banská Bystrica and Nitra, then continued his education at the Theological Faculty in Budapest, moving to the University of Prague in 1877 where he studied classical philology and theology until 1882.
At this time, Cleveland, Ohio was experiencing a rapid increase in the size of its Czech and Slovak communities. The bishop of the Cleveland diocese, Richard Gilmour wrote to the Prague Seminary seeking a priest fluent in Czech and Slovak who could help the Cleveland diocese minister to the new immigrants. Furdek was chosen due to his knowledge of both Czech and Slovak, and because he was nearing the completion of his theological studies. In March 1882, he emigrated to Cleveland, where he attended St. Mary Seminary and was ordained a Roman Catholic priest by Bishop Gilmour on July 2, 1882.
Father Furdek was first assigned to St. Wenceslas Church, the first parish in Cleveland to serve Czech Catholics.The church was located at Arch (E. 35th) St. and Burwell. He served there until May 1883. He then established a parish for Czechs near E. 55th and Broadway, which was placed under the patronage of Our Lady of Lourdes. Except for a short time ministering to St. Procop's parish, he would spend the rest of his life serving the Lourdes parish.

In 1885, Fr. Furdek began another parish, St. Ladislas, to serve the Slovaks and Hungarians living in the Woodland and Buckeye Road neighborhood. The church was built in 1889 on the northeast corner of Holton and Corwin (E. 92nd) Street and was consecrated that same December. Tensions between the Slovaks and the Hungarians led to the Hungarians leaving the parish and starting their own parish, St. Elizabeth of Hungary, a few blocks away from St. Ladislas. This resulted in St. Ladislas being the first true Slovak parish in Cleveland.
On September 4, 1890, the First Catholic Slovak Union was founded in Cleveland under the leadership of Fr. Furdek. The FCSU, commonly known as Jednota, is the second-oldest Slovak fraternal organization in the United States.  He was also the founder and publisher of its journal. In 1892, he helped organize the FCSU's sister organization, the First Catholic Slovak Ladies Association. He was the first president of the Slovak League of America, which later played a large role in the call for an independent Czechoslovak state. He wrote profusely, writing books, pamphlets, and poetry in both Czech and Slovak on religious, political, and educational topics.

He died on January 18, 1915 in Cleveland, Ohio from complications of diabetes mellitus, and is buried in Calvary Cemetery (Cleveland).

Memorials

The Slovak cities of Petržalka, Zilina, Piestany, Martin-Záturčie, and Trstená all have streets named in his honor. There is a bust of him in the Slovak Garden in Cleveland, Ohio. A World War II Liberty ship, the SS Stephen Furdek, was named in his honor. It was awarded a battle star for its participation in the Leyte landings in the Philippines, which led up to the Battle of Leyte in 1944.

References

Category:1855 births
Category:1915 deaths
Category:People from Trstená
Category:Slovak Roman Catholics
Category:Slovak priests


LEDA 2108986

LEDA 2108986, also known by its Case Western Reserve University designation "Case Galaxy 611" (CG 611), is an extremely isolated, early-type dwarf galaxy with an embedded spiral structure residing in what is likely an intermediate-scale disk.  The galaxy was discovered in 1987 by Sanduleak and Pesch, and is located at a distance of about  in the Boötes void and has no significant neighbours within 2.5 Mpc.

The galaxy may be a counterpart to the rectangular-shaped galaxy LEDA 74886, in that they both appear to contain an intermediate-scale disk.  In the case of LEDA 74886, that disk is orientated edge-on to our line-of-sight.  The "early-type galaxy" class is commonly known to contain
elliptical galaxies (E) with no substantial stellar disk (perhaps just a small nuclear disk) and lenticular galaxies (S0) with their large-scale disks that dominate the light at large radii. Bridging these two types of galaxies are the ES galaxies with their intermediate-scale disks, referred to as "Ellicular" galaxies in recent works.

Importance
LEDA 2108986 has accreted a gas disk which counter-rotates relative to its stellar disk. It also
displays a young spiral pattern within this stellar disk.
The presence of such faint disk structures and rotation within some dwarf early-type galaxies in galaxy clusters has often been heralded as evidence that they were once late-type spiral or dwarf irregular galaxies prior to experiencing a cluster-induced transformation, known as galaxy harassment.  The extreme isolation of LEDA 2108986 is proof that dwarf early-type galaxies can be built by accretion events, as opposed to disk-stripping scenarios within the "galaxy harassment" model.

See also
LEDA 74886
NGC 1271
Mrk 1216, NGC 1277, NGC 1332, NGC 4291

References

2108986
Category:Dwarf galaxies
Category:Boötes


1989 Australian Open – Men's Singles

Second-seeded Ivan Lendl defeated Miloslav Mečíř 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 in the final, to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Australian Open. Mats Wilander was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to unseeded Ramesh Krishnan.

This was the first Australian Open in which future world No. 1 Pete Sampras competed in the main draw.

Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Ivan Lendl is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.

  Mats Wilander (Second round)
  Ivan Lendl (Champion)
  Boris Becker (Fourth round)
  Stefan Edberg (Quarterfinals, withdrew)
  Jakob Hlasek (First round)
  Henri Leconte (First round)
  John McEnroe (Quarterfinals)
  Yannick Noah (First round)
  Miloslav Mečíř (Final)
  Aaron Krickstein (Fourth round)
  Thomas Muster (Semifinals)
  Mikael Pernfors (Third round)
  Pat Cash (Fourth round)
  Jonas Svensson (Quarterfinals)
  John Fitzgerald (Second round)
  Amos Mansdorf (Fourth round)

Qualifying

Draw

Key
 Q = Qualifier
 WC = Wild Card
 LL = Lucky Loser
 r. = retired

Final eight

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

External links

 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 1989 Australian Open Men's Singles draw

Mens singles
Category:Australian Open (tennis) by year – Men's Singles


Bantu expansion

The Bantu expansion is a major series of migrations of the original proto-Bantu language speaking group, who spread from an original nucleus around West Africa-Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa. In the process, the Proto-Bantu-speaking settlers displaced or absorbed pre-existing hunter-gatherer and pastoralist groups that they encountered.

The primary evidence for this expansion is linguistic – a great many of the languages spoken across Sub-Equatorial Africa are remarkably similar to each other, suggesting the common cultural origin of their original speakers. The linguistic core of the Bantu languages, which comprise a branch of the Niger–Congo family, was located in the adjoining regions of Cameroon and Nigeria. However, attempts to trace the exact route of the expansion, to correlate it with archaeological evidence and genetic evidence, have not been conclusive; thus although the expansion is widely accepted as having taken place, many aspects of it remain in doubt or are highly contested.

The expansion is believed to have taken place in at least two waves, between about 3,000 and 2,000 years ago (approximately 1,000 BC to 1 AD). Linguistic analysis suggests that the expansion proceeded in two directions: the first went across the Congo forest region (towards East Africa), and the second – and possibly others – went south along the African coast into Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Angola, or inland along the many south-to-north flowing rivers of the Congo River system. The expansion reached South Africa, probably as early as 300 AD.

Theories on expansion
Bantuists believe that the Bantu expansion most probably began on the highlands between Cameroon and Nigeria, and the 60,000 km2 Mambilla region straddling the borderlands here has been identified as containing remnants of "the Bantu who stayed home", as the bulk of Bantu-speakers moved away from the region. Archaeological evidence from the separate works of Jean Hurault (1979, 1986 & 1988) and Rigobert Tueche (2000) in the region reveals that this region has been inhabited by the same culture from 3000 B.C (5 millennia) to date. The majority of the groups of the Bamenda highlands (occupied for 2 millennia to date), somewhat south and contiguous with the Mambilla region, have an ancient history of descent from the north in the direction of the Mambilla region.

Initially, archaeologists believed that they could find archaeological similarities in the ancient cultures of the region that the Bantu-speakers were held to have traversed; while linguists, classifying the languages and creating a genealogical table of relationships, believed they could reconstruct material culture elements. They believed that the expansion was caused by the development of agriculture, the making of ceramics, and the use of iron, which permitted new ecological zones to be exploited. In 1966, Roland Oliver published an article presenting these correlations as a reasonable hypothesis.

The hypothesized Bantu expansion pushed out or assimilated the hunter-forager proto-Khoisan, who had formerly inhabited Southern Africa. In Eastern and Southern Africa, Bantu speakers may have adopted livestock husbandry from other unrelated Cushitic-and Nilotic-speaking peoples they encountered. Herding practices reached the far south several centuries before Bantu-speaking migrants did. Archaeological, linguistic, genetic, and environmental evidence all support the conclusion that the Bantu expansion was a significant human migration.

Niger–Congo languages

The Niger–Congo family comprises a huge group of languages spread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The Benue–Congo branch includes the Bantu languages, which are found throughout Central, Southern, and Eastern Africa.

A characteristic feature of most Niger–Congo languages, including the Bantu languages, is their use of tone. They generally lack case inflection, but grammatical gender is characteristic, with some languages having two dozen genders (noun classes). The root of the verb tends to remain unchanged, with either particles or auxiliary verbs expressing tenses and moods. For example, in a number of languages the infinitival is the auxiliary designating the future.

Pre-expansion-era demography
Before the expansion of Bantu-speaking farmers, Central, Southern, and Southeast Africa were populated by Pygmy foragers, Khoisan-speaking hunter-gatherers, Nilo-Saharan-speaking herders, and Cushitic-speaking pastoralists.

Central Africa
It is thought that Central African Pygmies and Bantus branched out from a common ancestral population c. 70,000 years ago. Many Batwa groups speak Bantu languages; however, a considerable portion of their vocabulary is not Bantu in origin. Much of this vocabulary is botanical, deals with honey collecting, or is otherwise specialised for the forest and is shared between western Batwa groups. It has been proposed that this is the remnant of an independent western Batwa (Mbenga or "Baaka") language.

Southern Africa
Before the Bantu expansion, Khoisan-speaking peoples inhabited Southern Africa. Their descendants have largely mixed with other peoples and adopted other languages. A few still live by foraging often supplemented by working for neighbouring farmers in the arid regions around the Kalahari desert, while a larger number of Nama continue their traditional subsistence by raising livestock in Namibia and adjacent South Africa.

Southeast Africa
Prior to the arrival of Bantus in Southeast Africa, Cushitic-speaking peoples had migrated into the region from the Ethiopian Highlands and other more northerly areas. The first waves consisted of Southern Cushitic speakers, who settled around Lake Turkana and parts of Tanzania beginning around 5,000 years ago. Many centuries later, around 1,000 AD, some Eastern Cushitic speakers also settled in northern and coastal Kenya.

In addition, Khoisan-speaking hunter-gatherers also inhabited Southeast Africa before the Bantu expansion.

Nilo-Saharan-speaking herder populations comprised a third group of the area's pre-Bantu expansion inhabitants.

Expansion

c. 1000BC to c. AD 500
It seems likely that the expansion of the Bantu-speaking people from their core region in West Africa began around 1000BC. Although early models posited that the early speakers were both iron-using and agricultural, archaeology has shown that they did not use iron until as late as 400BC, though they were agricultural.  The western branch, not necessarily linguistically distinct, according to Christopher Ehret, followed the coast and the major rivers of the Congo system southward, reaching central Angola by around 500BC.

It is clear that there were human populations in the region at the time of the expansion, and pygmies are their closest living relatives. However, mtDNA genetic research from Cabinda suggests that only haplogroups that originated in West Africa are found there today, and the distinctive L0 of the pre-Bantu population is missing, suggesting that there was a complete population replacement. In South Africa, however, a more complex intermixing could have taken place.

Further east, Bantu-speaking communities had reached the great Central African rainforest, and by 500BC, pioneering groups had emerged into the savannas to the south, in what are now the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia.

Another stream of migration, moving east by 3,000 years ago (1000BC), was creating a major new population center near the Great Lakes of East Africa, where a rich environment supported a dense population. Movements by small groups to the southeast from the Great Lakes region were more rapid, with initial settlements widely dispersed near the coast and near rivers, due to comparatively harsh farming conditions in areas farther from water. Pioneering groups had reached modern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa by AD 300 along the coast, and the modern Limpopo Province (formerly Northern Transvaal) by AD 500.

From the 13th century to 17th century
Between the 13th and 15th centuries, the relatively powerful Bantu-speaking states on a scale larger than local chiefdoms began to emerge: in the Great Lakes region, in the savanna south of the Central African rainforest, and on the Zambezi River where the Monomatapa kings built the famous Great Zimbabwe complex. Such processes of state-formation occurred with increasing frequency from the 16th century onward. They were probably due to denser population, which led to more specialised divisions of labour, including military power, while making outmigration more difficult. Other factors were increased trade among African communities and with European and Arab traders on the coasts, technological developments in economic activity, and new techniques in the political-spiritual ritualisation of royalty as the source of national strength and health. Towards the northern parts of South Africa emerged groups of Tsonga and Venda tribes around the 1500s and 1600s.

Rise of the Zulu Empire (18th–19th centuries)
By the time Great Zimbabwe had ceased being the capital of a large trading empire, speakers of Bantu languages were present throughout much of southern Africa. Two main groups developed: the Nguni (Xhosa, Zulu, Swazi), who occupied the eastern coastal plains, and the Sotho–Tswana, who lived on the interior plateau.

In the late 18th and early 19th century, two major events occurred. The Trekboers were colonizing new areas of southern Africa, moving northeast from the Cape Colony, and they came into contact with the Xhosa, the Southern Nguni. At the same time, major events were taking place further north in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal. At that time, the area was populated by dozens of small clans, one of which was the Zulu, then a particularly small clan of no local distinction whatsoever. In 1816, Shaka acceded to the Zulu throne. Within a year, he had conquered the neighboring clans, and had made the Zulu into the most important ally of the large Mtetwa clan, which was in competition with the Ndwandwe clan for domination of the northern part of modern-day KwaZulu-Natal.

Criticism

Manfred K. H. Eggert stated that "the current archaeological record in the Central African rainforest is extremely spotty and consequently far from convincing so as to be taken as a reflection of a steady influx of Bantu speakers into the forest, let alone movement on a larger scale."

See also
 Bantu peoples
 Matrilineal belt

References

External links
 Genetic and Demographic
 Bantu Expansion and Hunter-gatherers
 Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America 05 May 2017

Category:Demographic history of Africa
Category:Prehistoric migrations
Category:Prehistoric Africa
Category:Internal migrations in Africa


Tubreh Riz, Kamyaran

Tubreh Riz (, also Romanized as Tūbreh Rīz; also known as Tubreh and Turba Rez) is a village in Shahu Rural District, in the Central District of Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,309, in 824 families.

References

Category:Towns and villages in Kamyaran County


Eric Miller (industrialist)

Sir Eric Miller (12 June 1882 – 11 July 1958  was a leading figure in the British rubber industry, and played a prominent role in establishing research facilities such as the British Rubber Producers Research Association.

Early life
Miller was born Hans Eric Miller, in Yorkshire, and attended the Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Darlington. He then studied at the Leipzig School of Commerce for two years.

Career
Miller entered business at the age of 18 at Harrisons and Crosfield, an import-export company. He was appointed a Director in 1908, aged 25, when the company was incorporated.

As a Director, he was largely concerned with developing a number of rubber plantation companies that Harrisons and Crosfield had an interest in. He became Chairman in 1924 and represented them on many boards of rubber companies in which it had an interest, as well as the Port of London Authority. As a council member of the Rubber Growers' Association he became an early proponent of research and was in 1920 awarded an honorary Gold Medal for his efforts. He later became chairman of the British Rubber Producers Research Association, formed in 1938, and the International Rubber Development Board.  He was also a sponsor of the International Rubber Regulation Committee, whose work these bodies was intended to complement. He was knighted in 1952 for this work.

Personal interests and awards

He farmed, collected books and art. Aside from his gold medal from the Rubber Growers' Association and knighthood, he was also a Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

References

Category:1882 births
Category:1958 deaths
Category:British businesspeople
Category:People from Yorkshire
Category:Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Category:Rubber industry


List of Slovak European Film Award winners and nominees

This is a list of Slovak European Film Award winners and nominees. This list details the performances of Slovak actors, actresses, and films that have either been submitted or nominated for, or have won, a European Film Award.

Main categories

External links
 Nominees and winners at the European Film Academy website

See also
 List of Slovak submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Category:Cinema of Slovakia
Category:European Film Awards
Category:Lists of Slovak media


CoEvolution Quarterly

CoEvolution Quarterly (1974–1985) was a journal descended from Stewart Brand's Whole Earth Catalog. Stewart Brand founded the CoEvolution Quarterly in 1974 using proceeds from the Whole Earth Catalog. It evolved out of the original Supplement to the Whole Earth Catalog. Fred Turner notes that in 1985, Brand merged CoEvolution Quarterly with The Whole Earth Software Review (a supplement to The Whole Earth Software Catalog) to create the Whole Earth Review.

CoEvolution Quarterly became the first place to publish Ivan Illich's Vernacular Values.

References
Binkley, Sam. Getting Loose: Lifestyle Consumption in the 1970s. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.
Kirk, Andrew G.  Counterculture Green: The Whole Earth Catalog and American Environmentalism. Lawrence: Univ. of Kansas Press, 2007.

Notes

External links
Official website
"Futurism and All That: The CoEvolution Quarterly $2.50 at newstands in Harvard Sq." – The Harvard Crimson

Category:Defunct American political magazines
Category:American quarterly magazines
Category:Defunct magazines of the United States
Category:Magazines established in 1974
Category:Magazines disestablished in 1984
Category:Magazines published in California
Category:Whole Earth


El Baúl

El Baúl is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in present-day Escuintla Department, Guatemala.  El Baúl, along with the sites of Bilbao and El Castillo, is part of the Cotzumalhuapa Archaeological Zone.  It was occupied during the prehistoric Formative stage of the Americas.

Site
The El Baúl acropolis is located 4 km north of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa,  above sea level,  from the Pacific Ocean.  Its southern acropolis complex was destroyed in 1997 by urban development and the main groups are now covered by sugar cane fields. The ballcourt is located  north of the acropolis with several residential groups in between. It is united by two causeways. The site's geologic context is volcanic; it is located just south of an active stratovolcano, Fuego volcano.

The site contains monumental architecture in its acropolis as well as a probable sweatbath and obsidian workshops.  Analysis of these deposits is particularly important for the study of the ancient obsidian industry. The P31 stratigraphic pit continued below these deposits to a depth of , revealing volcanic ash layers derived from the adjacent Fuego volcano. Obsidian debitage continued below these ash layers, suggesting that the area was used as a refuse deposit for a prolonged period.

The largest causeway is  long and ranges from  wide, joining the acropoli of Bilbao and El Baúl. Before entering El Baúl, the causeway ran across a large bridge over the Santiago River gorge. The foundation walls of the bridge, which most probably sustained a wooden structure, are still visible along a 3 span of the river course. An excavation carried out on the western side of the river gorge revealed two constructional stages for the causeway at this location, both of which date to the Late Classic period. Many monumental sculptures have been found along the causeways.

See also
Bilbao (Mesoamerican site)

References

External links

El Baúl and surrounding sites, history and photo gallery
The Delanges visit El Baul, with lots of photos

Baul, El
Category:Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Category:Former populated places in Guatemala
Category:Escuintla Department
Category:Formative period in the Americas
Category:Classic period in Mesoamerica


Strumyk

Strumyk  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.

It lies approximately  north-east of Góra, and  north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

References

Strumyk


Dangerous Turning

Dangerous Turning (French: Le tournant dangereux) is a 1954 French-Italian drama film directed by Robert Bibal and starring Viviane Romance, Philippe Lemaire and Armand Mestral.

Cast
 Viviane Romance  as Lucienne Courtois
 Philippe Lemaire as Freddy
 Armand Mestral  as Daniel Courtois
 Maria Pia Casilio as Paquita Simoni
 Enrico Glori as Simoni, le brigadier
 Guy Decomble as Monsieur Léon
 Georges Aminel
 Charles Blavette
 Dany Caron
 Robert Berri
 Huguette Doriane
 Henri Arius
 Antonin Berval

References

Bibliography
 Chiti, Roberto & Poppi, Roberto. Dizionario del cinema italiano: Dal 1945 al 1959. Gremese Editore, 1991.

External links

Category:1954 films
Category:Italian films
Category:French films
Category:French drama films
Category:Italian drama films
Category:1950s drama films
Category:French-language films
Category:Films directed by Robert Bibal


The Dark Room (Walters novel)

The Dark Room (1995) is a crime novel by English writer Minette Walters. It was shortlisted for a CWA Gold Dagger.

Television adaptation
It was adapted for television in 1999 by the BBC. The cast featured Dervla Kirwan as Jane 'Jinx' Kingsley and James Wilby as Dr. Protheroe.

External links
More about The Dark Room on Walters' website
Agent's dedicated page

Category:1995 British novels
Category:Novels by Minette Walters
Category:British novels adapted into films


List of international rankings

This is a list of international rankings.

By category

Agriculture
List of countries by irrigated land area
Largest producing countries of agricultural commodities
List of countries by coffee production
List of countries by plum production
List of countries by apricot production
List of countries by onion production
List of countries by apple production
List of countries by forest area

Consumption
 List of countries by meat consumption
 List of countries by beer consumption per capita
 List of countries by milk consumption per capita
 List of countries by natural gas consumption
 List of countries by electricity consumption
 List of countries by oil consumption
 Annual cannabis use by country
 List of countries by prevalence of opiates use
 List of countries by prevalence of cocaine use

Culture
List of countries by number of Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film
List of World Heritage Sites by country
Books published per country per year

Economy
World Economic Forum: Global Competitiveness Report
World Economic Forum: Financial Development Index
International Institute for Management Development: World Competitiveness Yearbook
The Heritage Foundation/The Wall Street Journal: the current annual Index of Economic Freedom
Gini index: List of countries by income equality
Bloomberg Innovation Index
Global Innovation Index
International Innovation Index
Index of Economic Freedom
Ease of doing business index
Indigo Index

Lists
List of countries by economic complexity
List of countries by long-term unemployment rate
List of countries by net international investment position per capita
List of minimum wages by country
List of countries by public debt
List of countries by wealth per adult
List of countries by credit rating
List of countries by government budget
Gross national income
List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita
List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita
Lists of countries by GDP
List of countries by GDP sector composition
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
List of countries by real GDP growth rate
List of countries by tax revenue to GDP ratio
List of countries by largest historical GDP

Education and innovation
List of countries by spending on education (% of GDP)
List of countries by 25- to 34-year-olds having a tertiary education degree
Education Index
Programme for International Student Assessment
Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
List of countries by literacy rate
U.S. Chamber International IP Index
World Intellectual Property Indicators
List of countries by tertiary education attainment
List of countries by secondary education attainment
Global Ranking of the World's top education systems
EF English Proficiency Index
Programming Ability Index
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
Educational Testing Service: 2003-2004 TOEFL Test Year Data Summary
Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
List of countries by women's average years in school
List of Nobel laureates by country

Environment
List of countries by natural disaster risk
Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)
Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI)
Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI)
Happy Planet Index (HPI)
List of countries by ecological footprint
Sustainable Society Index (SSI)
The Global 100 (G100)
List of countries by freshwater withdrawal
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions

Exports
 List of countries by net exports
 List of countries by exports per capita
 List of countries by aluminium exports
 List of countries by natural gas exports
 List of countries by net oil exports
 List of countries by oil exports
 List of countries by refined petroleum exports
 List of countries by gold exports
 List of countries by copper exports
 List of countries by iron-ore exports
 List of countries by diamond exports
 List of countries by ship exports
 List of countries by electricity exports
 List of countries by car exports
 List of countries by truck exports
 List of countries by ship exports
 List of countries by automotive component exports
 List of countries by aircraft component exports
 List of countries by aircraft and spacecraft exports
 List of countries by engine exports
 List of countries by gas turbine exports
 List of countries by computer exports
 List of countries by integrated circuit exports
 List of countries by telephone exports
 List of countries by telecommunications equipment exports
 List of countries by pharmaceutical exports
 List of countries by maize exports
 List of countries by wheat exports
 List of countries by coffee exports
 List of countries by cotton exports

General
Good Country Index
Linguistic diversity index
Soft Power 30 (on Wikipedia)
Country Brand Index

Geography
List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area (all)

Health
List of countries by health insurance coverage
List of countries by quality of healthcare
List of countries by health expenditure covered by government
List of countries by hospital beds
List of countries by cancer rate
List of countries by risk of death from non-communicable disease
Euro health consumer index (EHCI)
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
List of countries by life expectancy
List of countries by infant mortality rate
List of average human height worldwide
List of countries by body mass index
List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
Prevalence of tobacco consumption
List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
List of countries by suicide rate
List of the oldest people by country

Industry
 List of countries by electricity production
 List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources
 List of countries by uranium production
 List of countries by platinum production
 List of countries by gold production
 List of countries by silver production
 List of countries by copper production
 List of countries by steel production
 List of countries by aluminium production
 List of countries by lithium production
 List of countries by palladium production
 List of countries by manganese production
 List of countries by magnesium production
 List of countries by tin production
 List of countries by zinc production
 List of countries by salt production
 List of countries by silicon production
 Lists of countries by mineral production
 List of countries by oil production
 List of countries by natural gas production
 List of countries by coal production
 List of countries by bauxite production
 List of countries by cement production
 List of wine-producing countries

Military
List of aircraft carriers by country
List of countries by firearms holding
List of countries by military expenditures
List of countries by military expenditures per capita
List of countries by Military Strength Index
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
Composite Index of National Capability
Global Firepower

Politics
UN e-Government
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer and Corruption Perceptions Index
Reporters Without Borders: Worldwide Press Freedom Index
List of countries by consultation on rule-making
Global Terrorism Index
Worldwide Governance Indicators
Fragile States Index
World Justice Project Rule of Law Index

Reserves
 List of countries by uranium reserves
 List of countries by proven oil reserves

Society
Dashboard of Sustainability (includes a ranking by Millennium Development Goals)
Economist Intelligence Unit: Where-to-be-born Index 2013
Globalization Index
Global Gender Gap Report
Global Retirement Index
Legatum Prosperity Index
List of countries and dependencies by population
List of countries and dependencies by population density
List of countries by discrimination and violence against minorities
List of countries by gun ownership
List of countries by homeless population
List of countries by incarceration rate
List of countries by intentional homicide rate
List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level
Save the Children: State of the World's Mothers report
Social Progress Index
Urbanization by country
United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Index
Walk Free Foundation: Global Slavery Index
World Giving Index
World Happiness Report

Sport
 Cricket - men's
 Cricket - women's
 FIH World Rankings - Field Hockey
 FIFA World Rankings - Football
 IIHF World Ranking - Ice Hockey
 World Rugby Rankings
 FIDE World Rankings - Chess
 Olympic Gold Medals
 Olympic Medals
 Paralympic Gold Medals
 Paralympic Medals

Technology
UN International Telecommunications Union: ICT Development Index
Economist Intelligence Unit: Government Broadband Index
List of countries by Internet connection speeds
List of countries by 4G LTE penetration
List of countries by mobile banking usage
Google: List of countries by smartphone penetration
List of countries by stem cell research trials
OECD: List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions
Space Competitiveness Index (SCI)
World Wide Web Foundation: Web Index

Transport
 List of countries by rail usage
 List of countries by rail transport network size
 List of countries by traffic-related death rate
 List of countries by vehicles per capita
 List of countries by waterways length

See also
 index number
 List of globalization-related indices
 List of freedom indices

External links
CSGR Global Benchmarking Database
Because Every Country Is The Best At Something
List of Global Development Indexes and Rankings

*


Yaralujeh

Yaralujeh (, also Romanized as Yārālūjeh; also known as Yaraldzha and Yārālūcheh) is a village in Peyghan Chayi Rural District, in the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10, in 4 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Kaleybar County


Lists of CSI characters

List of CSI characters may refer to:

 List of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation characters; for information on the Las Vegas ensemble of CSI.
 List of CSI: Miami characters; for information on the ensemble of the first CSI spin-off, starring David Caruso.
 List of CSI: NY characters; for information on the ensemble of the CSI: Miami spin-off, starring Gary Sinise.
 List of CSI: Cyber characters; for information on the second direct CSI spin-off's ensemble.
 Minor characters in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation