Pope Clement XIV

Pope Clement XIV (; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in 1774. At the time of his election, he was the only Franciscan friar in the College of Cardinals. To date, he is the last pope to take the pontifical name of "Clement" upon his election.

He is best known for his suppression of the Society of Jesus.

Biography

Early life
Ganganelli was born in Santarcangelo di Romagna in 1705 as the second child of Lorenzo Ganganelli and Angela Serafina Maria Mazza. He received the sacrament of baptism on 2 November 1705.

He initially studied at Verucchio but later received his education from the Society of Jesus at Rimini from 1717. He also studied with the Piarists of Urbino. Ganganelli entered the Order of Friars Minor Conventual on 15 May 1723 in Forlì and taking the name to Lorenzo Francesco. He did his novitiate in Urbino where his cousin Vincenzo was a friar. He was professed as a full member of that order on 18 May 1724. He was sent to the convents of Pesaro, Fano and Recanati from 1724 to 1728 where he did his theological studies. He continued his studies in Rome under Antonio Lucci and obtained his doctorate in theology in 1731.

Priesthood and cardinalate
He was ordained around this time after he received his doctorate and he taught philosophy and theology for almost a decade in Ascoli, Bologna and Milan. He later returned to Rome as the regent of the college that he studied in and was later elected as the Definitor General of the order in 1741. In the general chapters of his order in 1753 and 1756, he declined the generalship of his order and some rumored it was due to his desire of a higher office.

Ganganelli became a friend of Pope Benedict XIV, who in 1758 appointed him to investigate the issue of the traditional blood libel regarding the Jews, which Ganganelli found to be untrue.

Pope Clement XIII elevated Ganganelli to the cardinalate on 24 September 1759 and appointed him as the Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Panisperna. His elevation came at the insistence of Lorenzo Ricci, who was the Superior-General of the Society of Jesus.

Ganganelli opted to become the Cardinal-Priest of Ss. XII Apostoli in 1762. In 1768 he was named the "ponens" of the cause of beatification of Juan de Palafox y Mendoza.

Election to the papacy

Pressures
The papal conclave in 1769 was almost completely dominated by the problem of the Society of Jesus. During the previous pontificate, the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the courts of the House of Bourbon, which included France, Spain, Naples, and Parma. In January, 1769, these powers made a formal demand for the dissolution of the Society. Clement XIII had planned a consistory to discuss the matter, but died on February 2, the night before it was to be held.

Now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the "court cardinals", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti ("zealous"), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment. Much of the early activity was pro forma as the members waited for the arrival of those cardinals who had indicated that they would attend. The conclave had been sitting since 15 February 1769, heavily influenced by the political maneuvers of the ambassadors of Catholic sovereigns who were opposed to the Jesuits.

Some of the pressure was subtle. On March 15, Emperor Joseph II (1765–90) visited Rome to join his brother Leopold, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who had arrived on March 6. The next day, after touring St. Peter's Basilica, they took advantage of the conclave doors being opened to admit Cardinal Girolamo Spinola to enter as well. They were shown, upon the Emperor's request, the ballots, the chalice into which they would be placed, and where they would later be burned. That evening Gaetano Duca Cesarini hosted a party. It was the middle of Passion Week.

King Louis XV of France's (1715–74) minister, the duc de Choiseul, had former experience of Rome as the French ambassador and was Europe's most skilled diplomat. "When one has a favour to ask of a Pope", he wrote, "and one is determined to obtain it, one must ask for two". Choiseul's suggestion was advanced to the other ambassadors and it was that they should press, in addition to the Jesuit issue, territorial claims upon the Patrimony of Saint Peter, including the return of Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin to France, the duchies of Benevento and Pontecorvo to Spain, an extension of territory adjoining the Papal States to Naples, and an immediate and final settlement of the vexed question of Parma and Piacenza that had occasioned a diplomatic rift between Austria and Pope Clement XIII.

Election
By May 18, the court coalition appeared to be unravelling as the respective representatives began to negotiate separately with different cardinals. The French ambassador had earlier suggested that any acceptable candidate be required to put in writing that he would abolish the Jesuits. The idea was largely dismissed as a violation of canon law. Spain still insisted that a firm commitment should be given, though not necessarily in writing. However, such concessions could be immediately nullified by the pope upon election. On 19 May 1769, Cardinal Ganganelli was elected as a compromise candidate largely due to support of the Bourbon courts, which had expected that he would suppress the Society of Jesus. Ganganelli, who had been educated by Jesuits, gave no commitment, but indicated that he thought the dissolution was possible. He took the pontifical name of "Clement XIV". Ganganelli first received episcopal consecration in the Vatican on 28 May 1769 by Cardinal Federico Marcello Lante and was crowned as pope on 4 June 1769 by the cardinal protodeacon Alessandro Albani.
He was replaced as Cardinal-Priest by Buenaventura Fernández de Córdoba Spínola.

Pontificate

Clement XIV's policies were calculated from the outset to smooth the breaches with the Catholic Crowns that had developed during the previous pontificate. The dispute between the temporal and the spiritual Catholic authorities was perceived as a threat by Church authority, and Clement XIV worked towards reconciliation among the European sovereigns. By yielding the Papal claims to Parma, Clement XIV obtained the restitution of Avignon and Benevento and in general he succeeded in placing the relations of the spiritual and the temporal authorities on a friendlier footing. The pontiff went on to suppress the Jesuits, writing the decree to this effect in November 1772 and signing it on 21 July 1773.

Relations with the Jews
His accession was welcomed by the Jewish community who trusted that the man who, as councilor of the Holy Office, declared them, in a memorandum issued March 21, 1758, innocent of the slanderous blood accusation, would be no less just and humane toward them on the throne of Catholicism. Assigned by Pope Benedict XIV to investigate a charge against the Jews of Yanopol, Poland, Ganganelli not only refuted the claim, but showed that most of the similar claims since the thirteenth century were groundless. He deferred somewhat on the already sainted Simon of Trent, in 1475, and Andreas of Rinn, but noted the length of time before their canonizations as indicative that the veracity of the accusations raised significant doubts. Ganganelli concluded his memorandum by reminding the Christians that they themselves were once accused by the heathen of the same crime, as attested by Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Theodoret, and Rufinus.

Two months after his accession Clement XIV. withdrew the Roman Jews from the jurisdiction of the Inquisition and placed them under that of the "Vicariato di Roma" (Aug. 5, 1769).

Suppression of the Jesuits

The Jesuits had been expelled from Brazil (1754), Portugal (1759), France (1764), Spain and its colonies (1767), and Parma (1768). With the accession of a new pope, the Bourbon monarchs pressed for the Society's total suppression. Clement XIV tried to placate their enemies by apparent unfriendly treatment of the Jesuits: he refused to meet the Superior General, Lorenzo Ricci, removed it from the administration of the Irish and Roman Colleges, and ordered them not to receive novices, etc.

The pressure kept building up to the point that Catholic countries were threatening to break away from the Church. Clement XIV ultimately yielded "in the name of peace of the Church and to avoid a secession in Europe" and suppressed the Society of Jesus by the brief Dominus ac Redemptor of the 21 July 1773. However, in non-Catholic nations, particularly in Prussia and Russia, where papal authority was not recognized, the order was ignored. It was a result of a series of political moves rather than a theological controversy.

Clement XIV and Mozart

Pope Clement XIV and the customs of the Catholic Church in Rome are described in letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and of his father Leopold Mozart, written from Rome in April and May 1770 during their tour of Italy. Leopold found the upper clergy offensively haughty, but was received, with his son, by the pope, where Wolfgang demonstrated an amazing feat of musical memory. The papal chapel was famous for performing a Miserere mei, Deus by the 17th-century composer Gregorio Allegri, whose music was not to be copied outside of the chapel on pain of excommunication. The 14-year-old Wolfgang was able to transcribe the composition in its entirety after a single hearing. Clement made young Mozart a knight of the Order of the Golden Spur.

Activities

Clement XIV elevated sixteen new cardinals into the cardinalate in twelve consistories including Giovanni Angelo Braschi, who would become his immediate successor.

The pope held no canonizations in his pontificate but he beatified a number of individuals.
 4 June 1769: Francis Caracciolo
 16 September 1769: Giuliana Puricelli from Busto Arsizio, Bernard of Baden  & Catherine of Pallanza
 1771: Tommaso Bellacci
 14 December 1771: Martyrs of Otranto
 8 June 1772: Paul Burali d'Arezzo
 29 August 1772: John dal Bastone
 1773: Pope Benedict XI (formal beatification after Pope Clement XII confirmed the cultus)
 1774: Beatrix of Este the Younger

Death and burial
The last months of his life were embittered by his failures and he seemed always to be in sorrow because of this. His work was hardly accomplished before Clement XIV, whose usual constitution was quite vigorous, fell into a languishing sickness, generally attributed to poison. No conclusive evidence of poisoning was ever produced. The claims that the Pope was poisoned were denied by those closest to him, and as the Annual Register for 1774 stated, he was over 70 and had been in ill health for some time.

On 10 September 1774, he was bedridden and received Extreme Unction on 21 September 1774. It is said that St. Alphonsus Liguori assisted Clement XIV in his last hours by the gift of Bilocation.

Clement XIV died on 22 September 1774, execrated by the Ultramontane party but widely mourned by his subjects for his popular administration of the Papal States. When his body was opened for the autopsy, the doctors ascribed his death to scorbutic and hemorrhoidal dispositions of long standing that were aggravated by excessive labour and the habit of provoking artificial perspiration even in the greatest heat. His Neoclassical style tomb was designed and sculpted by Antonio Canova, and it is found in the church of Santi Apostoli in Rome. To this day, he is best remembered for his suppression of the Jesuits.

The Monthly Review spoke highly of Ganganelli. In a review of a "Sketch of the Life and Government of Pope Clement XIV", the 1786 English Review said it was clearly written by an ex-Jesuit and noted the malignant characterization of a man it described as "...a liberal, affable, ingenious man; …a politician enlarged in his views, and equally bold and dexterous iin the means by which he executed his designs."

The 1876 Encyclopædia Britannica says that:

Jacques Cretineau-Joly, however, wrote a critical history of the Pope's administration.

See also
Suppression of the Society of Jesus
Cardinals created by Clement XIV
List of popes

Notes

References
Initial text from the 9th edition (1876) of the Encyclopædia Britannica
Valérie Pirie, 1965. The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves from the Fifteenth Century to Modern Times Spring Books, London

External links

Category:Italian popes
Category:Italian Friars Minor
Category:Franciscan popes
Category:People from Santarcangelo di Romagna
Category:1705 births
Category:1774 deaths
Category:18th-century Italian people
Category:Popes
Category:18th-century popes


Battle for Rap Supremacy

The Battle For Rap Supremacy: KRS-One Vs. MC Shan is a collection of songs by rappers KRS-One and MC Shan. It was released on LP and CD via Cold Chillin' Records in 1996 but is made up of the classic diss records KRS-One/Boogie Down Productions and MC Shan/The Juice Crew took shots at each other with during the infamous "Bridge Wars" in the late '80s and what is often considered the most memoarable (as well as one of the first) hip-hop beefs that ever happened.

Track listing

Category:Boogie Down Productions albums
Category:1996 compilation albums


The Mountain

The Mountain () was a political group during the French Revolution.  Its members, called the Montagnards (), sat on the highest benches in the National Assembly.

They were the most radical group and opposed the Girondins. The term, first used during a session of the Legislative Assembly, came into general use in 1793.  By the summer of 1793, that pair of opposed minority groups divided the National Convention.  That year, led by Maximilien Robespierre, the Montagnards unleashed the Reign of Terror.

The Mountain was composed mainly of members of the middle class, but represented the constituencies of Paris. As such, the Mountain was sensitive to the motivations of the city and responded strongly to demands from the working class sans-culottes. The Mountaineers had little understanding of the daily life and needs of the people in the cities and towns beyond Paris. Although they attempted some rural land reform, most of it was never enacted and they generally focused on the needs of the urban poor over that of rural France. The Mountain operated on the belief that what was best for Paris would be best for all of France.

The Girondins were a moderate political faction created during the Legislative Assembly period. They were the political opponents of the more radical representatives within the Mountain. The Girondins had wanted to avoid the execution of Louis XVI and supported a constitution which would have allowed a popular vote to overturn legislation. The Mountain accused the Girondins of plotting against Paris because this caveat within the proposed constitution would have allowed rural areas of France to vote against legislation that benefits Paris, the main constituency of the Mountain. However, the real discord in the Convention occurred not between the Mountain and the Gironde, but between the aggressive antics of the minority of the Mountain and the rest of the Convention.

The Mountain was not unified as a party and relied on leaders like Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton and Jacques Hébert, who themselves came to represent different factions. Hébert, a journalist, gained a following as a radical patriot Mountaineer (members who identified with him became known as the Hébertists) while Danton led a more moderate faction of the Mountain (followers came to be known as Dantonists). Regardless of the divisions, the nightly sessions of the Jacobin club, which met in the rue Saint-Honoré, can be considered to be a type of caucus for the Mountain. In June 1793, the Mountain successfully ousted most of the moderate Gironde members of the Convention with the assistance of radical sans-culottes.

Following their coup, the Mountain, led by Hérault-Sécuells, quickly began construction on a new constitution which was completed eight days later. The Committee of Public Safety reported the constitution to the Convention on 10 June and a final draft was adopted on 24 June. The process occurred quickly because as Robespierre, a prominent member of the Mountain, announced on 10 June the "good citizens demanded a constitution" and the "Constitution will be the reply of patriotic deputies, for it is the work of the Mountain". However, this constitution was never actually enacted. The Constitution of 1793 was abandoned when Robespierre later granted himself and the Committee of Public Safety dictatorial powers in order to "defend the Revolution".

History

Origins
It is difficult to pinpoint the conception of the Montagnard group because the lines which defined it were themselves quite nebulous early on. Originally, members of The Mountain were the men who sat in the highest rows of the Jacobin Clubs, loosely organized political debate clubs open to the public. Though members of the Montagnards were known for their commitment to radical political resolutions prior to 1793, the contours of political groups presented an ever-evolving reality that shifted in response to events. Would-be prominent Montagnard leaders like Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet and Jean Bon Saint-André were tempted by early Girondin proposals and soon many moderates—even anti-radicals—felt the need to push for radical endeavors in light of threats both within and without the country. It was only after the trial of Louis XVI in December 1792, which united the Montagnards on a position of regicide, that the ideals and power of the group fully consolidated.

Rise and Terror
The rise of Montagnards corresponds to the fall of the Girondins. The Girondins hesitated on the correct course of action to take with Louis XVI after his attempt to flee France on 20 June 1791. Some of the Girondins believed they could use the king as figurehead. While the Girondins hesitated, the Montagnards took a united stand during the trial in December 1792–January 1793 and favored the king's execution.

Riding on this victory, the Montagnards then sought to discredit the Girondins. They used tactics previously employed by the Girondins to denounce them as liars and enemies of the Revolution. They also formed a legislative committee in which Nicolas Hentz proposed a limitation of inheritances, gaining more support for the Montagnards. Girondin members were subsequently banned from the Jacobin club and excluded from the National Convention on 31 May – 2 June 1793. Any attempted resistance was crushed. Maximilien Robespierre then continued to consolidate his power over the Montagnards with the use of the Committee of Public Safety.

Policies of the Mountain
Through attempted land redistribution policies, the Mountain showed some support for the rural poor. In August 1793, Montagnard member Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès drafted a piece of legislation which dealt with agricultural reform; in particular, he urged "relief from rent following harvest loss, compensation for improvements and fixity of tenure". This was in part to combat restlessness of share-croppers in the southwest. This draft never made it into law, but the drastic reforms suggest the Mountain's awareness of the need to please their base of support, both the rural and urban poor.

Other policies aimed at supporting the poor included price controls enacted by the Mountain in 1793. This law, called the General Maximum, was supported by a group of agitators within the Mountain known as the Enragés. It fixed prices and wages throughout France. At the same time, bread prices were rising as the commodity became scarce, and in an initiative spearheaded by Collot d’Herbois and Billaud-Varenne, a law was enacted in July 1793 that forbade the hoarding of "daily necessities". The hoarding of grain became a crime punishable by death.

Other economic policies enacted by the Mountain included an embargo on the export of French goods. As a result of this embargo, France was essentially unable to trade with foreign markets and the import of goods effectively ended. In theory, this protected French markets from foreign goods and required French people to support French goods. In addition to the embargo against foreign goods, Act 1651, passed by the Mountain in October 1793, further isolated France from the rest of Europe by forbidding any foreign vessels from trading along the French coast.

Decline and fall
The fall and exclusion of the Montagnards from the National Convention began with the collapse of the Revolution's radical phase and the death of Robespierre on 10 Thermidor (28 July 1794). While the Montagnards celebrated unity, there was growing heterogeneity within the group as Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety overextended themselves with their tight control over the military and their extreme opposition to corruption in the government. Their overextension drew the ire of other revolutionary leaders and a number of plots coalesced on 9 Thermidor (Thermidorian Reaction) when collaborators with the more moderate group the Dantonists acted in response to fears that Robespierre planned to execute them.

The purge of Robespierre was strongly similar to previous measures employed by the Montagnards to expel disagreeable factions, such as the Girondins. However, as Robespierre was widely considered the heart of the Montagnards, his death symbolized their collapse. Few desired to take on the name of Montagnards afterwards, leaving around only about 100 men. Finally, at the end of 1794 the Mountain largely devolved into a group called The Crest (), which lacked any real power.

Factions and prominent members
The Mountain was born in 1792, with the merger of two prominent left-wing clubs: the Jacobins and Cordeliers. The Jacobins were initially moderate republicans and the Cordeliers were radical populist. In late 1792, Danton and his supporters wanted a reconciliation with the Girondins, which caused a break with Robespierre. After the trial of Girondins in 1793, Danton became strongly moderate while Robespierre continued his authoritarian policies.

The moderates of Danton were also rival to the followers of Jacques Hébert who wanted the persecution of all non-Montagnards and the dechristianisation of France. When Robespierre eliminated first the Hébertists (March 1794) and then the Dantonistes (April 1794), his group ruled The Mountain. This was until the Thermidorian Reaction, when several conspirators supported by The Plain instituted a coup d'état. They executed Robespierre and his supporters and split from The Mountain to form the Thermidorian Left. The Montagnards that survived were arrested, executed or deported. By 1795 the Mountain had effectively been obliterated.

 Robespierrists
 Maximilien Robespierre
 Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
 Georges Couthon
 Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
 Pierre-François-Joseph Robert
 Paul Barras
 Joseph Fouché
 Augustin Robespierre
 Jacques-Louis David
 Bertrand Barère
 Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
 Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
 Jean-Lambert Tallien
 Louis-Michel le Peletier
 François Hanriot
 Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette
 Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot
 Antoine Simon
 Hébertists
 Jacques Hébert
 Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
 Jean-Paul Marat (supporter)
 Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
 Anacharsis Cloots
 François Chabot
 Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
 Stanislas-Marie Maillard
 François-Nicolas Vincent
 Antoine-François Momoro
 Charles-Philippe Ronsin
 Joseph Le Bon
 Jean-Baptiste Carrier
 Indulgents
 Georges Danton
 Camille Desmoulins
 Fabre d'Églantine
 Julien of Toulouse
 Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron
 Pierre Philippeaux
 François Joseph Westermann
 Isaac René Guy le Chapelier

Electoral results

References

Bibliography
 François Furet and Mona Ozouf. A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution. (Belknap Press, 1989).
 Jeremy D. Popkin, A Short History of the French Revolution, 5th ed. (Pearson, 2009).
 Marisa Linton, Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution. (Oxford University Press, 2013).
 Morris Slavin. The Making of an Insurrection: Parisian Sections and the Gironde. (Harvard University Press, 1986).
 Peter Kropotkin, Trans. N. F. Dryhurst The Great French Revolution, 1789–1793. (New York: Vanguard Printings, 1927).
 Peter McPhee, Robespierre: A Revolutionary Life. (Yale University Press, 2012).
 Robert J. Alderson, This Bright Era of Happy Revolutions: French Consul Michel-Ange-Bernard Mangourit and International Republicanism in Charleston, 1792-1794. (University of South Carolina Press, 2008).
 "Mountain (the Mountain)". Collins English Dictionary Online. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
 "Montagnard (French history)". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 8 May 2014.

Further reading

 Jordan, David P. (1983). The Jacobins and Their Victims in The Eighteenth Century. University of Pennsylvania. p. 268. .
 Palmer, R.R. (2005). Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of the Terror in the French Revolution. Princeton University Press. .
 Popkin, Jeremy D. (2016). A Short History of the French Revolution. Routledge. .

Category:Groups of the French Revolution
Category:Political parties established in 1793
Category:1793 establishments in France
Category:Political parties disestablished in 1795
Category:1795 disestablishments in France
Category:French National Convention
Category:Radical parties


The High Crusade

The High Crusade is a science fiction novel by American writer Poul Anderson, about the consequences of an extraterrestrial scoutship landing in Medieval England. Poul Anderson described the novel as "one of the most popular things I've ever done, going through many book editions in several languages."

The High Crusade was originally serialized in the July–August–September 1960 issues of Astounding.

First published in book form in 1960 by Doubleday, it has been published in (at least) June 1964 and September 1968 (by Macfadden Books), 1983, 1991 (by the SFBC and again by Baen Books), 2003, and most recently in 2010. It is in print with a paperback edition issued by Baen Books in 2010 with . Anderson's work was nominated for a Hugo Award in 1961, and was adapted into a 1983 wargame The High Crusade of the same name by TSR, Inc. and into a motion picture of the same name in 1994. Poul Anderson wrote one sequel short story, "Quest", which originally appeared in Ares magazine in the same issue that saw the original publication of the wargame.

Plot summary

It is 1345, and in the English town of Ansby (in northeastern Lincolnshire), Sir Roger, Baron de Tourneville, is recruiting a military force to assist king Edward III in the Hundred Years' War against France. Suddenly, an enormous silver spacecraft lands outside the town. It is a scouting craft for the Wersgorix Empire, a brutal dominion light years from our solar system. The Wersgorix attempt to take over Earth by testing the feasibility of its colonization. However, the aliens, having forgotten hand-to-hand combat since it was made obsolete by their advanced technology, are caught off-guard by the angered Englishmen, who mistake the craft for a French trick. The villagers and soldiers in Ansby storm the craft and kill all but one Wersgor, Branithar.

Sir Roger formulates a plan that with the captured ship, he can take the entire village to France to win the war, and then liberate the Holy Land. The townspeople, with all of their belongings, board the ship at the baron's instruction, and prepare to take off. The people of Ansby are mystified at the advanced technology aboard the ship, which they come to call the Crusader. Being unable to pilot the Crusader Sir Roger directs the surly Branithar to pilot them to France. Instead, the alien wrecks the baron's plan by throwing the Crusader into autopilot on course to Tharixan, another Wersgor colony.

The Crusader arrives at Tharixan in days, and Sir Roger learns of this new world: it is sparsely-populated, with only three fortresses, Ganturath, Stularax, and Darova (the chief base). The humans capture Ganturath but destroy the Crusader in the process. Word spreads of the invaders and a meeting is arranged between Sir Roger and his soldiers and the chief of Tharixan, Huruga.

The humans and Wersgor hold talks that do very little to give either side any advantage, but a truce is agreed to. Sir Roger, in order to intimidate the aliens, makes up tall tales about his estate, "which only took up three planets" and his other accomplishments, including a very successful conquest of Constantinople. Sir Roger demands that the entire Wersgorix state submit to the king of England. During the talks, Baron de Tourneville ignores the truce, and orders the capture of the fortress of Stularax. Unfortunately, the entire base is obliterated by an atomic bomb. In retaliation, Huruga attacks Ganturath again, but loses. He is forced to give up.

Now comes Sir Roger's most outrageous plan; having captured Tharixan, he sets out to overthrow the Wersgorix Empire itself. He enlists the help of three other races oppressed by the Wersgor: the Jairs, the Ashenkoghli, and the Prʔ*tans.

Meanwhile, one of his main soldiers and friend, Sir Owain Montbelle, hatches a plan to return to Earth, something that Sir Roger has lost interest in. With Lady Catherine, Sir Roger's wife, Montbelle corners the baron and demands that he help the people of Ansby get back to Earth. De Tourneville gives in, but attacks Sir Owain in person. At the climax, Lady Catherine betrays Montbelle and kills him herself. Unfortunately, she also destroys the notes that could have helped get the villagers of Ansby back home.

Sir Roger goes on to topple the Wersgor Empire and build one for himself. He manages with the help of not only the species under the Wersgor, but from members of the Wersgor race who rebelled against their government. The religious figures in the story go on to establish a new branch of the Roman Catholic Church.

Prologue and epilogue

A millennium after the main events of The High Crusade, the holy galactic empire founded by Sir Roger and his people finally reunites with long lost Earth. A spacecraft from Earth comes across the empire, and is welcomed by the descendants of one of Sir Roger's leading soldiers.

There is, in the epilogue, a reference to events on Earth since 1345. The captain of the Earth ship is described as being a loyal subject of an Israeli empire. It also appears that Huruga wound up as an Archbishop.

Characters

Sir Roger de Tourneville: Roger, Baron de Tourneville is fictional. He was an English knight in Ansby, Lincolnshire when he volunteered to raise an army to help king Edward III of England fight the Hundred Years' War in France. His wife is Lady Catherine.
Lady Catherine
Brother Parvus, the narrator of The High Crusade
Sir Owain Montbelle
Red John Hameward, a soldier under de Tourneville
Sir Brian Fitz-William, a knight under de Tourneville
Alfred Edgarson, a soldier under de Tourneville
Thomas Bullard, a soldier under de Tourneville
Branithar
Chief ("Grath") Huruga
Hubert the executioner
Tertiary Eggmaster of the Northwest Hive, aka "Ethelbert"

Reception
Rating it five stars out of five, Galaxy reviewer Floyd C. Gale noted that the novel's "characters are well-drawn" and declared it "definitely a can't-be-put-down enthraller." The Hartford Courant found it to be "a delightfully witty science fiction satire," comparing it to The Mouse That Roared.

Critic Don D'Ammassa reported that "The novel's undeniable charm outweighs the frequent implausibilities."

Movie adaptation

While George Pal considering filming the novel, he died before producing it. The High Crusade was adapted as a motion picture in 1994. It was directed by Klaus Knoesel and Holger Neuhäuser and produced by Roland Emmerich, Ute Emmerich, and Thomas Wöbke.

The movie version of The High Crusade differed in many significant respects from the novel. It was written with many comedy elements and had a much-reduced scope; the scoutship bearing the human knights landed at an isolated Wersgorix base, where they battled with the small Wersgorix battalion stationed there before eventually taking the ship back home. Poul Anderson himself avoided viewing the film, having been "told on good authority that it's a piece of botchwork."

Cast

John Rhys-Davies ‒ Brother Parvus
Rick Overton ‒ Sir Roger de Tourneville
Catherine Punch ‒ Lady Catherine
Patrick Brymer ‒ Red John Hameward
Debbie Lee Carrington ‒ Branithar
Rinaldo Talamonti ‒ Huruga
Holger Neuhäuser ‒ Hubert the Executioner

Publication information

See also

Quest

References

External links

Movie review (in German)
The High Crusade at Fantastic Fiction
Information on the movie
The High Crusade at Worlds Without End

Category:1960 American novels
Category:American science fiction novels
Category:Novels by Poul Anderson
Category:Films based on science fiction novels
Category:Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Category:Novels first published in serial form
Category:Doubleday (publisher) books
Category:1960 science fiction novels
Category:Novels set in the 14th century
Category:American novels adapted into films
Category:1960s science fiction works


Jello Biafra discography

A detailed discography of releases by the hardcore punk musician and spoken word artist Jello Biafra:

Releases with the Dead Kennedys

Studio albums
Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables - September 1980
Plastic Surgery Disasters - November 1982
Frankenchrist - October 1985
Bedtime for Democracy - November 1986

Live albums
A Skateboard Party - August 1983
Mutiny on the Bay - February 2001
Live at the Deaf Club - March 2004

Compilation albums
Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death - June 1987
Milking the Sacred Cow - October 2007

EPs
In God We Trust, Inc. - December 1981

Singles
"California Über Alles" - June 1979
"Holiday in Cambodia" - May 1980
"Kill the Poor" - October 1980
"Too Drunk to Fuck" - May 1981
"Nazi Punks Fuck Off!" - November 1981
"Bleed for Me" - July 1982
"Halloween" - December 1982

Videos
The Early Years Live - July 1987
The Lost Tapes - July 2003
DMPO's on Broadway - February 2004

Albums with The Witch Trials
The Witch Trials - 1980, with Adrian Borland, Morgan Fisher, Christian Lunch and East Bay Ray

Albums with Lard
The Power of Lard - 1989
The Last Temptation of Reid - 1990
Pure Chewing Satisfaction - 1997
70's Rock Must Die - 2000

Albums with the No WTO Combo
Live from the Battle in Seattle - 1999

Spoken word

Albums
No More Cocoons - 1987
High Priest of Harmful Matter − Tales From the Trial - 1989
I Blow Minds for a Living - 1991
Beyond the Valley of the Gift Police - 1994
If Evolution Is Outlawed, Only Outlaws Will Evolve - 1998
Become the Media - 2000
The Big Ka-Boom, Pt. 1 - 2002
Machine Gun in the Clown's Hand - 2002
In the Grip of Official Treason - 2006

EPs
Die for Oil Sucker/Pledge of Allegiance - 1991

Singles
"The Green Wedge" - 2000

Collaborations
"How Do You Spell Relief?" by Bank of Sodom (Vocals: Jello Biafra, Drums: David Licht, Other instruments: Kramer [David Licht and Kramer are both from Shockabilly]) on The End of Music (As We Know It) (1988)
Last Scream Of The Missing Neighbors (1989), with D.O.A.
Supernaut EP (1990), with 1000 Homo DJs (credited as Count Ringworm)
The Sky is Falling and I Want My Mommy (1991), with NoMeansNo
Tumor Circus (1991), with Steel Pole Bathtub
"Will the Fetus Be Aborted?" single (1993), with Mojo Nixon with the Toadliquors
Prairie Home Invasion (1994), with Mojo Nixon with the Toadliquors
Never Breathe What You Can't See (2004), with The Melvins (credited as Osama McDonald)
Sieg Howdy! (2005), with The Melvins
"Jezebel" single (2008), with Brown Town West
"Average Men" (2009), with Pansy Division
"Punch", by Motorpsycho featuring Jello Biafra, on All Sewn Up - A Tribute To Patrik Fitzgerald (2009)
Walk on Jindal's Splinters (2015), with The Raunch and Soul All-Stars

Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine
 The Audacity of Hype (2009)
 Enhanced Methods of Questioning (2011)
 White People and the Damage Done (2013)

Compilation albums
Terminal City Ricochet Soundtrack (1989)
The Bat Bites Back (1994) — "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" by Jello Biafra & Mojo Nixon with the Toadliquors (Phil Ochs cover)
Less Rock, More Talk: A Spoken Word Compilation (2000)
Apocalypse Always (2002)
Mob Action Against The State (2002)
Green Revolution - A Good Planet is Hard To Find (2002)
Dropping Food On Their Heads is Not Enough: Benefit For RAWA (2002)
Hardcore Breakout USA 1,2,3,... (2004)
Rock Against Bush, Vol. 1 (2004)
Radio 1190: The Local Shakedown Volume 2 (2004)
Hardcore Breakout - Essential Punk (2012)

Guest appearances
The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say (1989) by Ice-T — spoken word sampled on "Shut Up, Be Happy" and "Freedom Of Speech"
Double Happiness (1991) by John + Julie — spoken word sampled on "Double Happiness (Shut Up - Be Happy!)"
Body Count (1992) by Body Count — spoken word sampled on "Freedom Of Speech"
Chaos A.D. (1993) by Sepultura — co-writing and vocals on "Biotech is Godzilla"
Human = Garbage (1994) by Dystopia — spoken word contributions on "Sanctity"
Notes From Thee Underground (1994) by Pigface — contributions to "Hagseed"
Helter Skelter (1996) by The D.O.C. — spoken word sampled on "Secret Plan"
Ixnay on the Hombre (1997) by The Offspring — spoken word parts for "Disclaimer"
Just Trip (1997) by Life After Life — vocals on "Still Is Still Moving To Me"
Let Us Play! (1997) by Coldcut — vocals on "Every Home a Prison"
Deviant (2000) by Pitchshifter — spoken word parts for "As Seen on T.V."
America's Sweetheart (2000) by Spit
Nation (2001) by Sepultura — vocals on "Politricks"
Tool - Parabola- "Parabola" is a song by the American rock band Tool, the song was released as the second single from their third studio album Lateralus. It was released in 2002 as a promo only, however, on December 20, 2005, the single was re-released, which includes the song and a DVD containing the music video and an optional "dual" audio commentary on the video by Jello Biafra of Dead Kennedys fame. The dual commentary consists of two separate recordings of Biafra's voice, one playing in each stereo channel. The DVD was released alongside a DVD single for "Schism" as well.War (If It Feels Good, Do It) (2004) by various artists — spoken word sampled on "Nobody Cares (Die For Oil Sucker)" by the DJs of Mass DestructionHardcore Breakout USA 1,2,3,... (2004) by Various, vocals on JFA "Clown Part"The Code Is Red...Long Live the Code (2005) by Napalm Death — vocals on "The Great and the Good"Broker's Banquet (2005) by The Yuppie Pricks — vocals on "Damn, It Feels Good To Be A Yuppie"Rio Grande Blood (2006) by Ministry — vocals on "Ass Clown"Cocked and Loaded (2006) by Revolting Cocks — lead vocals on "Dead End Streets"Liberty Toast (2006) by Disaster Strikes — backing vocals on "Mission Accomplished"J'Irai Chier dans ton Vomi (2006) by Métal Urbain — producer and vocals in ""Grand 'ol Party Crash (2006) by CagePick a Bigger Weapon (2006) by The Coup — spoken word on "Two Enthusiastic Thumbs Down"Children of the Secret State (2006) by Throw RagPandelirium (2006) by Th' Legendary Shack Shakers — vocals on "Ichabod!" and "No Such Thing"Blowfly's Punk Rock Party (2006) by Blowfly — vocals on "R. Kelly in Cambodia"Deadline (2007) by Leftöver Crack and Citizen Fish — spoken word parts for "Baby-Punchers"Everybody Make Some Noise! (2008) by The A.K.A.s (Are Everywhere!) — spoken word on "Deaf Before Dishonor"Rocky Mountain Low: The Colorado Musical Underground Of The 1970s (2009) by various artists — vocals with The Healers on "School Bus", "Cruisin", "Obey The Law", and "California Über Alles"Surgical Meth Machine'' (2016) by Surgical Meth Machine — vocals on "I Don't Wanna"

Biafra, Jello
Category:Discographies of American artists


Keshit Rural District

Keshit Rural District () is a rural district (dehestan) in Golbaf District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,055, in 481 families. The rural district has 5 villages.

References

Category:Rural Districts of Kerman Province
Category:Kerman County


Ictal asystole

Ictal asystole is a rare occurrence for patients that have temporal lobe epilepsy. It can often be identified by loss of muscle tone or the presence of bilateral asymmetric jerky limb movements during a seizure, although ECG monitoring is necessary to provide a firm result. Ictal asystole and Ictal bradycardia can cause an epileptic patient to die suddenly.

References

Category:Epilepsy


Common-mode rejection ratio

In electronics, the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier (or other device) is a metric used to quantify the ability of the device to reject common-mode signals, i.e. those that appear simultaneously and in-phase on both inputs. An ideal differential amplifier would have infinite CMRR, however this is not achievable in practice. A high CMRR is required when a differential signal must be amplified in the presence of a possibly large common-mode input, such as strong electromagnetic interference (EMI). An example is audio transmission over balanced line in sound reinforcement or recording.

Theory

Ideally, a differential amplifier takes the voltages,  and  on its two inputs and produces an output voltage , where  is the differential gain. However, the output of a real differential amplifier is better described as

where  is the common-"mode gain", which is typically much smaller than the differential gain.

The CMRR is defined as the ratio of the powers of the differential gain over the common-mode gain, measured in positive decibels (thus using the 20 log rule):

As differential gain should exceed common-mode gain, this will be a positive number, and the higher the better.

The CMRR is a very important specification, as it indicates how much of the common-mode signal will appear in your measurement. The value of the CMRR often depends on signal frequency as well, and must be specified as a function thereof.

It is often important in reducing noise on transmission lines. For example, when measuring the resistance of a thermocouple in a noisy environment, the noise from the environment appears as an offset on both input leads, making it a common-mode voltage signal. The CMRR of the measurement instrument determines the attenuation applied to the offset or noise.

See also
 Balanced line
 XLR connector
 Tip ring sleeve

External links
 Powerpoint presentation on audio connectors

Category:Electrical parameters
Category:Engineering ratios


Saint-Symphorien, Gironde

Saint-Symphorien  is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department
Parc naturel régional des Landes de Gascogne

References
INSEE

Category:Communes of Gironde


STS-110

STS-110 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on 8–19 April 2002 flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis. The main purpose was to install the S0 Truss segment, which forms the backbone of the truss structure on the station.

Crew

Mission highlights

The main purpose of STS-110 was to attach the stainless steel S0 Truss segment to the International Space Station (ISS) to the Destiny Laboratory Module. It forms the backbone of the station to which the S1 and P1 truss segments were attached (on the following missions STS-112 and STS-113, respectively).

STS-110 also delivered the Mobile Transporter (MT), which is an  (1,950 lb) assembly that glides down rails on the station integrated trusses. The MT was designed and manufactured by Astro Aerospace in Carpinteria, CA. During the next shuttle mission, STS-111, the Mobile Base System (MBS) was mounted to the MT. This Mobile Servicing System (MSS) allows the Canadarm2 to travel down the length of the installed truss structure.

Flight Day 1: Launch
After a launch scrub on 4 April 2002 due to a hydrogen leak, Space Shuttle Atlantis successfully launched on 8 April 2002, from Launch Complex 39B. The countdown on 8 April encountered an unscheduled hold at the T-5 minute mark due to data dropouts in a backup Launch Processing System. The Launch Processing System team reloaded the required data and the countdown resumed. Liftoff occurred with 11 seconds remaining in the launch window.

STS-110 was the first shuttle mission to feature the upgrade Block II main engines, which featured an "improved fuel pump...a stronger integral shaft/disk, and more robust bearings". The intent of the upgrade was to increase the flight capacity of the engines, while increasing reliability and safety.

With the launch of Atlantis, mission specialist Jerry Ross became the first human to have traveled to space seven times.

Spacewalks

Media

See also

List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Outline of space science

References

External links

 NASA mission summary
 NASA shuttle mission archive
 Status reports – Detailed NASA status reports for each day of the mission.
 STS-110 Video Highlights

Category:Space Shuttle missions
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2002
Category:Articles containing video clips


Schneidereria platyphracta

Schneidereria platyphracta is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in southern India.

The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are ochreous-grey-whitish with a small blackish spot on the base of the costa, the dorsal edge in females blackish-grey towards the base. There is a rather broad oblique black fascia about one-fourth and a variable small blackish spot on the middle of the costa, as well as an irregular oblong blackish blotch on the costa about two-thirds, with two small black spots near or forming the lower angles of this,
and two others beneath this on the fold, the second sometimes absorbed in a black tornal spot. There is some grey suffusion and indications of blackish
dots around the apical margin. The hindwings are grey, thinly scaled, towards the base tinged whitish.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Odina wodier. Young larvae mine the leaf, ejecting a little heap of excrement at an open end of the mine. The larva then emerges and feeds externally under a little shelter formed of a partially cut circle of leaf and excrement. Eventually, it wanders to the long pointed tip of the leaf which it sews up with about five strong strands of silk, and it lives in the tunnel thus formed under a stout web and emerges from this to feed on the cuticle.

References

Category:Moths described in 1935
Category:Teleiodini


Duronto TV

Duronto TV is a television channel in Bangladesh for children. The channel commenced its full operation on 15 October 2017.But test transmission started on 5 October 2017.

Its goal is to help in the development of children by entertaining them with history, tradition and culture, including programmes focusing on travel, magic, science, sports, family and toys. The programming lineup features acquired international content, combined with local productions and foreign movies dubbed into Bengali like SpongeBob SquarePants.

As of March 2018, Abhijit Chowdhury was the director of Duronto TV. The Project Director is Shakib Arifin, and Amzad Hossain Arju is the head of marketing.

The channel was temporarily suspended on March 28, 2019 when a fire broke out at the FR Tower in Dhaka.

External links

 Official website in English
 Official Facebook page

References

Category:Television channels in Bangladesh
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2017
Category:Television in Bangladesh
Category:Children's television networks


Miecze

Miecze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rajgród, within Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Rajgród,  east of Grajewo, and  north-west of the regional capital Białystok.

The village has an approximate population of 200.

References

Miecze


Webb School

Webb School may refer to:

Webb School (Bell Buckle, Tennessee), founded in 1870 by William R. "Sawney" Webb
Webb School of Knoxville, a private day school in Knoxville, Tennessee, founded in 1955
The Webb Schools, two private schools in Claremont, California; The Webb School of California for Boys (1922) and The Vivian Webb School for Girls (1981)
Webb School (Hancock County, Mississippi), a Mississippi Landmark

See also
Webbs Female Academy, Webbs, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Green County, Kentucky


Aquilla Creek

Aquilla Creek is a river in Texas.

See also
List of rivers of Texas

References

USGS Geographic Names Information Service
USGS Hydrologic Unit Map - State of Texas (1974)

Category:Rivers of Texas


Acute abdomen

An acute abdomen refers to a sudden, severe abdominal pain. It is in many cases a medical emergency, requiring urgent and specific diagnosis. Several causes need immediate surgical treatment.

Causes

The differential diagnoses of acute abdomen include:

 Acute appendicitis.
 perforated peptic ulcer disease
 Acute cholecystitis
 Acute pancreatitis
 Acute intestinal ischemia (see section below)
 Acute diverticulitis
 Ectopic pregnancy with tubal rupture
 Ovarian torsion
 Acute peritonitis (including hollow viscus perforation)
 Acute ureteric colic
 Bowel volvulus
 Bowel obstruction
 Acute pyelonephritis
 Adrenal crisis
 Biliary colic
 Abdominal aortic aneurysm
 Familial Mediterranean fever
 Hemoperitoneum
 Ruptured spleen
 Kidney stone
  Sickle cell anaemia

Peritonitis
Acute abdomen is occasionally used synonymously with peritonitis.  While this is not entirely incorrect, peritonitis is the more specific term, referring to inflammation of the peritoneum.   It manifests on physical examination as rebound tenderness, or pain upon removal of pressure more than on application of pressure to the abdomen.  Peritonitis may result from several of the above diseases, notably appendicitis and pancreatitis.  While rebound tenderness is commonly associated with peritonitis, the most specific finding is rigidity.

Ischemic acute abdomen

Vascular disorders are more likely to affect the small bowel than the large bowel.  Arterial supply to the intestines is provided by the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (SMA and IMA respectively), both of which are direct branches of the aorta.

The superior mesenteric artery supplies:
 Small bowel
 Ascending and proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies:
 Distal one-third of the transverse colon
 Descending colon
 Sigmoid colon

Of note, the splenic flexure, or the junction between the transverse and descending colon, is supplied by the most distal portions of both the inferior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric artery, and is thus referred to medically as a watershed area, or an area especially vulnerable to ischemia during periods of systemic hypoperfusion, such as in shock.

Acute abdomen of the ischemic variety is usually due to:
 A thromboembolism from the left side of the heart, such as may be generated during atrial fibrillation, occluding the SMA.
 Nonocclusive ischemia, such as that seen in hypotension secondary to heart failure, may also contribute, but usually results in a mucosal or mural infarct, as contrasted with the typically transmural infarct seen in thromboembolus of the SMA.
 Primary mesenteric vein thromboses may also cause ischemic acute abdomen, usually precipitated by hypercoagulable states such as polycythemia vera.

Clinically, patients present with diffuse abdominal pain, bowel distention, and bloody diarrhea.  On physical exam, bowel sounds will be absent.  Laboratory tests reveal a neutrophilic leukocytosis, sometimes with a left shift, and increased serum amylase.  Abdominal radiography will show many air-fluid levels, as well as widespread edema.

Acute ischemic abdomen is a surgical emergency.  Typically, treatment involves removal of the region of the bowel that has undergone infarction, and subsequent anastomosis of the remaining healthy tissue.

Workup

Stable patients presenting to A&E (accident and emergency department) or ER (emergency room) with severe abdominal pain will almost always have an abdominal x-ray and/or a CT scan.  These tests can provide a differential diagnosis between simple and complex pathologies. However, in the unstable patient, fluid resuscitation and a FAST-ultrasound are done first, and if the latter is positive for free fluid, straight to surgery. They may also provide evidence to the doctor whether surgical intervention is necessary.

Patients will also most likely receive a complete blood count (or full blood count in the U.K.), looking for characteristic findings such as neutrophilia in appendicitis.

Traditionally, the use of opiates or other painkillers in patients with an acute abdomen has been discouraged before the clinical examination, because these would alter the examination. However, the scientific literature does not reveal any negative results from these alterations.

References

External links

Category:General surgery
Category:Medical emergencies
Category:Medical terminology
Category:Symptoms and signs: Digestive system and abdomen
Category:Abdominal pain


Kurekchay

Kurekchay () is one of the tributaries of the Kura River located in northwestern part of Azerbaijan.

On 14 May 1805, on the bank of the river (not far from Ganja), the signing of the Kurekchay Treaty took place, which transferred the Karabakh Khanate under Russian control.

See also
Bodies of water of Azerbaijan

References

Category:Rivers of Azerbaijan
Category:Tributaries of the Kura River


Kohei Morita

is a former Japanese football player.

Playing career
Morita was born in Nagoya on July 13, 1976. After graduating from Komazawa University, he joined J1 League club Urawa Reds in 1999. Although initially he played many matches as center forward, he could not score a goal and his opportunity to play decreased. The club was also relegated to J2 League from 2000. In 2001, he played for Cerezo Osaka and Kawasaki Frontale. However he could not play many matches in both clubs. In 2002, he moved to J2 club Omiya Ardija. He played many matches as forward until 2003. However he could hardly play in the match in 2004. In August 2004, he moved to Sanfrecce Hiroshima. Although he played as regular player in 2004, he could hardly play in the match in 2005. In 2006, he was converted to defender and played many matches as left back of three backs defense for long time. The club won the 2nd place 2007 Emperor's Cup. Although he could not play at all in the match for injury in 2010, he came back in 2011 season. In 2012, he moved to J2 club Ventforet Kofu. He became a regular player as center back from the middle of 2012 and the club won the champions in 2012 and was promoted to J1 from 2013. From 2014, he was converted to forward because there were few forward players in the club. However his opportunity to play decreased from 2015. In 2017, he moved to J2 club Thespakusatsu Gunma. He played as forward and retired end of 2017 season at age of 41.

Club statistics

References

External links

Profile at Thespakusatsu Gunma

Category:1976 births
Category:Living people
Category:Komazawa University alumni
Category:Association football people from Aichi Prefecture
Category:Japanese footballers
Category:J1 League players
Category:J2 League players
Category:Urawa Red Diamonds players
Category:Cerezo Osaka players
Category:Kawasaki Frontale players
Category:Omiya Ardija players
Category:Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Category:Ventforet Kofu players
Category:Thespakusatsu Gunma players
Category:Association football forwards


Heath Town

Heath Town is a district of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England, located east of the city centre.  It is also a ward of Wolverhampton City Council.  The ward forms part of the Wolverhampton North East constituency.

Heath Town ward borders the wards of Bushbury South and Low Hill, Fallings Park, Wednesfield North, Wednesfield South, East Park and St Peter's.

As well as Heath Town, the ward covers parts of Park Village, Springfield, Horseley Fields and Wednesfield. It is home to New Cross Hospital (the city's main Hospital), Wolverhampton Railway station, Heath Park Secondary school and a Royal Mail distribution centre.

History
The railways reached Wolverhampton in 1837, with the first station located at Wednesfield Heath, later known as Heath Town, on the Grand Junction Railway. This station was demolished in 1965.

In 1850 the Holy Trinity Church and almshouses were built, as part of the expansion of Heath Town and in 1888 the separate Wednesfield and Heath Town urban district councils were created. The Heath Town Urban District was later abolished in 1927 to become part of Wolverhampton.)

In the late 19th century, many terraced houses were built next to the factories near the main road to Lichfield. In the 1960s many of these were demolished, they were replaced with a new estate designed by Wolverhampton Borough architects. The new Heath Town estate was officially opened in April 1969 by Princess Margaret. The former street plan was defined by the line of the Wolverhampton Road and Lincoln, Inkerman and Grove streets have kept their original names.

New Cross Hospital is built on the site of the former New Cross Workhouse. The design of the new buildings came about through a competition and the winning entry was from Arthur Marshall of Nottingham. The foundation stone was laid in September 1900 by Chairman of the Guardians, Mr Price, and the workhouse was formally opened on 24 September 1903. The workhouse could take up to 1,246 inmates, 20 nurses, and 60 other officers. The buildings occupied an area of six acres, and the total cost was £156,879. After 1930, control of the workhouse site passed to the Wolverhampton Public Assistance Committee and it became New Cross Hospital. Many of the old workhouse blocks have now been replaced by modern buildings.

In the 1900s the Chubb Lock and Safe Company was a major employer in Heath Town. In 1908 the Chubb safe works was opened on Wednesfield Road and workers were transferred from the London safe works which had closed. In 1938 Chubb & Son's Lock & Safe Co Ltd premises were expanded and workers were moved from the premises in Railway Street. Chubb remained an important industry in Heath Town until 2000 when it was sold to Assa Abloy, a Swedish lock maker and Gunnebo, another Swedish security company. The Wednesfield Road safe works were closed and much of the site was sold off for housing.

Demographics

White British residents are still the largest ethnic group in Heath Town. However, it has a large percentage of Asian and Afro-Caribbean residents who migrated to England during the 1950s and 1960s and originally settled in the Victorian terraces before relocating to the modern council flats. In more recent years, the area has become a popular destination for Eastern European and African immigrants.

The 2011 census states the population as 13,965 made up of approximately 48% females and 52% males with an average age of 34. 70.0% of people living in Heath Town were born in England. 5.0% India, 3.1% Jamaica, 1.7% Zimbabwe, 1.6% Philippines, 0.9% Somalia, 0.7% Nigeria, 0.6% Ireland, 0.5% China, 0.5% Pakistan.

The 2011 census shows the ethnic mix of Heath Town ward as predominantly white:
 48.66% white British
 16.4% black
 16.1% Asian
 8% mixed
 7% white other
 0.8% Chinese.

80.7% of people living in Heath Town ward speak English. The other top languages spoken are 3.5% Punjabi, 2.1% Polish, 1.9% Kurdish, 1.2% Lithuanian, 1.0% Tagalog/Filipino, 0.7% Persian, 0.7% Somali, 0.7% Arabic, 0.6% Greek.

The rich diversity of culture in the area is celebrated each August with an international fun day event on Heath Town Park.

Religion
The religious make up of Heath Town is 52.9% Christian, 21.2% no religion, 7.4% Muslim, 6.4% Sikh, 2.8% Hindu, 0.5% Buddhist, 0.1% agnostic.

Churches and temples in the area are:
 Guru Nanak Satasang Sikh Temple, Cannock Road
 Holy Trinity Church, Bushbury Road
 New Testament Church of God, Wednesfield Road
 St Patrick’s Catholic Church, Wolverhampton Road
 St Stephen’s Church, Hilton Street

Places of interest

Heath Town Park
Heath Town Park is a neighbourhood park that serves the local community. The site is a public memorial to the men of Heath Town who gave their lives in the Great War. The park is surrounded on three sides by residential properties with a main road running along the fourth. The main entrance to the park is from Church Street which is accessed from the residential area. The park is compact but has many facilities including two football pitches, play area, fitness trail, multi-use games area, wooded area, open space and seating. There is also a WW1 War Memorial said to be the oldest in Wolverhampton. The park is well used by the local community and since 2012 has been protected by Fields in Trust as part of the Queen Elizabeth II Fields Challenge. This was a project to safeguard the future of parks and green spaces as public recreation land for future generations to enjoy and provide a permanent legacy of the Diamond Jubilee and the Olympics.

Heath Town Baths

Heath Town public baths were designed by H. B. Robinson, Borough Surveyor and Engineer. They were opened on 16 December 1932, by Alderman F. A. Willcock, chair of Wolverhampton Borough Council's Parks and Baths Committee. The Main Swimming Bath was 75 feet long by 34 feet wide. The Children's Swimming Bath was 40 feet long by 25 feet wide-ranging from a depth from three feet to three feet three inches deep. The building also included Wolverhampton's first large public washhouse which housed four rotary washing machines, twenty one drying horses, three electrically operated hydro-extractors, fifteen washing stalls for hand washing, drying houses and irons. The building also housed Heath Town's public library. The baths eventually closed in 2002, and the library closed on 3 November 2006.

Heath Town Baths is a grade II listed building and has both architectural and social-historical importance locally and architectural significance nationally. Since 2006 it has since fallen into substantial disrepair. The building sits at the heart of Heath Town and its preservation and bringing back into use is stated to be a high priority in the Neighbourhood Plan. The Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy supports the campaign to bring the baths back into use.
Heath Town Swimming Club which won several international competitions in the 1940s-1950s was based at the baths.

Grand Station / Wolverhampton Low Level Railway Station

Grand Station is a Grade II listed building used as a venue for Weddings, Banquets & Conferences. but was originally the Wolverhampton Low Level Station. The station opened 1854 and closed in 1981 but the buildings were listed in 1986.

Almshouses

A terrace of six, grade II listed, 19th century almshouses is located in the graveyard of Holy Trinity Church. They were built in 1850 by the benevolent industrialist Henry Rogers. After a period of dereliction, the houses were restored in 1996 to one bedroom houses for elderly people.

Victoria Hall
Victoria Hall is a block of student accommodation with four tower blocks in the Springfield area of Heath Town. The tallest block is 25 stories and is the tallest modular building in Europe.

Housing

The area is mainly residential fronting on Wednesfield Road and in the centre of the estate itself.  One of the last estates of tower blocks to be built in the area, it incorporated a number of features – a district heating scheme and deck level access. The estate's tower blocks were for a long time the city’s tallest residential structures and are visible landmarks from some distance. The blocks of flats are divided by grassed areas, the largest of which is in the south-central part of the development and designed for recreational use. The estate includes a variety of other housing types—including two-storey houses and low-rise maisonettes. Green space has been incorporated into the areas between blocks of flats and mature trees are visible along the southern edge of the estate.

There is an extensive housing development off the Wednesfield Road on the former site of the Chubb Works which was part of the new century's Wolverhampton regeneration plan.

The 2011 census shows housing types as:
 47% purpose built flats
 24% semi-detached houses
 22% terraced houses
 6% detached
 1% converted or shared house
 1% flats/apartments in commercial buildings.

Education
Primary Schools in Heath Town are:
 Stephen's Church of England Primary School
 Woden Primary School
 Trinity Church of England Primary School

The Secondary school is the highly rated Heath Park.

Sport
Heath Town Swimming Club was originally based at Heath Town Baths  but now meets at the nearby Wolverhampton Swimming and Fitness Centre.

Heath Town is home to Heath Town United Football Club.

Transport

Roads
Heath Town straddles the A4124 Wolverhampton-Wednesfield Road, which runs westwards to Wolverhampton and eastwards to Bloxwich and eventually Brownhills It is bounded by railway lines to the north-east and south (the latter disused). Wolverhampton Railway Station is located in Heath Town.

Railway
Wolverhampton station originally opened on 1 July 1852 by the Birmingham, Wolverhampton and Stour Valley Railway, a subsidiary of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR); it was named Wolverhampton Queen Street. It was known as Wolverhampton High Level from 1 June 1885. From 1923, it was operated by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), and in 1948 the station became part of the London Midland Region of British Railways. The present Wolverhampton station dates from 1965, when the High Level station was completely rebuilt as part of the modernisation programme which saw the West Coast Main Line electrified.

The former Heath Town railway station, on the line from High Level to Wednesfield station, was just off Grove Street. Built by the Wolverhampton and Walsall Railway in 1872, and was operated by the Midland Railway from 1876, it closed in 1910.

Wolverhampton Low Level Station was opened 1854 by the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway later to fall under the auspices of the Great Western Railway. It was closed to passengers in 1972, but continued to function as a parcels depot until 1981. Once an important stop on the London-Birkenhead line and linked with Snow Hill station in Birmingham. However, the station buildings were listed in 1986. The building has since been redeveloped as a venue for weddings, banquets & conferences.

Buses
Public transport is coordinated by Network West Midlands. Services run from the town centre to Heath Town and on to New Cross, Bentley Bridge and then to Cannock or Walsall.

Canal

The Wyrley and Essington Canal passes through Heath Town. The canal runs from Wolverhampton via Wednesfield towards the coalfields at Essington and Great Wyrley, Bloxwich, Pelsall and Chasewater.

Future Plans

Heath Town Master Plan
In 2013 the Heath Town Master Plan was unveiled setting out plans to increase the provision of housing by up to 550, improve community facilities and enhance landscaping.

Heath Town Neighbourhood Plan
Heathfield Park Neighbourhood Plan received a resounding yes vote on 17 July 2014 and will be taken to Wolverhampton City Council in September 2014 for adoption. The Plan will help to shape all future planning applications for the Springfield, New Park Village, Heath Town and New Cross areas of Heath Town. The Plan identifies six key themes for improving and sustaining the area which focus on identity and image, housing and environment, employment and skills, assets and buildings, transport and traffic and healthy living.

This is one of Wolverhampton's first neighbourhood plans (with Tettenhall) and puts Wolverhampton at the forefront of neighbourhood planning nationally. Wolverhampton is the first metropolitan area to hold a neighbourhood plan referendum and the first anywhere to hold a referendum with more than one area taking part. The plan was created by residents from Heathfield Park via their local neighbourhood partnerships, with support from the council's planning, housing and neighbourhood services teams.

In March 2015, Wolverhampton Council announced that the maisonettes in Chervil Rise would be demolished as part of the regeneration, resulting 34 tenants having to leave the estate.

Famous Residents
 Tom Barrett (1891–1924) - riding mechanic, born and buried in Heath Town.
 Goldie (born 1965) - electronic music artist, disc jockey, visual artist and actor, member of the breakdance crew Westside, based in Heath Town.
 Don Howe (born 1935) - English football player, turned coach and manager, born in Springfield.
 Brian Pendleton (1944-2001) - musician born in Heath Town.
 Alan Marshall - New Zealand-born writer lived in Heath Town for three years in the 1990s during his undergraduate study at Wolverhampton University.

References

External links
 Holy Trinity Church
 Hope Community Project
 Heathfield Park LNP

Category:Areas of Wolverhampton
Category:Wards of Wolverhampton City Council


2003 Copa AT&T – Singles

Nicolás Massú was the defending champion but lost in the first round to Agustín Calleri.

Carlos Moyà won in the final 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 against Guillermo Coria.

Seeds

  Carlos Moyá (Champion)
  David Nalbandian (Quarterfinals)
  Fernando González (Second Round)
  Gastón Gaudio (Semifinals)
  Juan Ignacio Chela (Quarterfinals)
  Gustavo Kuerten (Semifinals)
  Nicolás Lapentti (Second Round)
  Guillermo Coria (Final)

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

External links
 2003 Copa AT&T Draw

Category:ATP Buenos Aires
Category:2003 ATP Tour


Pat Burke (Gaelic footballer)

Pat Burke is a Gaelic footballer for Kilmacud Crokes and ex footballer for Dublin and Clare.

References

External links
 Official Dublin Website
 Dublin Website

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:Dublin inter-county Gaelic footballers
Category:Kilmacud Crokes Gaelic footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Dublin (city)


Durmart le Galois

Li romans de Durmart le Galois (also spelled Gallois, more briefly roman de Durmart) is an Old French romance, dated to the first half of the 13th century (probably 1220s or 1230s). It was first edited by Edmund Stengel in 1873.

The text consists of about 16,000 verses of eight syllables.
The roman concerns the adventures of  Durmart, son of the king of Gaul and of Andelise, daughter of the king of Denmark, who was the most accomplished knight of his time.

References

 Edmund Stengel (ed.), Li romans de Durmart le Galois, Litterarischer Verein in Stuttgart, 1873.
 Rudolf Oehring, Untersuchungen über "Durmart le Galois": (insbesondere sein Verhältnis zum Yderroman) (1929).

Category:Medieval French romances
Category:13th-century books


Devgadh Baria

Devgadh Baria is a municipality in Dahod district  in the state of Gujarat, India. It is a small town nestled in the foothills on the eastern border of Gujarat State. It is 44 kilometers from Godhra in the west, 54 kilometers from Dahod in the east and 14 kilometers south of Ahmedabad-Indore highway (National Highway 59). It was established in 1782.

History

Devgadh Baria is located on the bank of Panam River and is part of Dahod district (formerly Panchmahal) in the state of Gujarat.

This town was established in 1782. Two sons of King Vatai Rawal escaped from this region when the king of Gujarat, Mohammad Beghda, tried to conquer Pavagadh. Older brother Prithiraj's son, Udaisinh, established the town of Chhota Udaipur, and the younger brother, Dungerpursinh, established Devagadh Baria. The family of Dungerpursinh ruled the Baria State for the twelve generations.

 India census, Devgadh Baria has a population of 19,201. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Devgadh Baria has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 53%. In Devgadh Baria, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

On 15 February 2015 the former royal family moved back into the Rajmahal, the original residence of the family. After getting the palace back from the government in 2006 and spending nine years behind the renovations it has been restored to its original glory.

See also
 Forest of the Dangs
 Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary
 Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary

References

Category:Populated places established in 1782
Category:Cities and towns in Dahod district
Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:1782 establishments in India


Minnesota State Highway 171

Minnesota State Highway 171 (MN 171) is a  short highway in the northwest corner of Minnesota, which runs from North Dakota Highway 59 at the North Dakota state line and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 75 near St. Vincent. The route passes through St. Vincent.

Route description
State Highway 171 serves as a short east–west route between U.S. 75, St. Vincent, the Red River, and Pembina, ND.

The route is located in the Red River Valley region.

The route is legally defined as Route 171 in the Minnesota Statutes.

History
Highway 171 was authorized on April 22, 1933 and was originally part of State Highway 73.

By 1935, this route was renumbered as part of U.S. Highway 59.  Adjoining North Dakota Highway 59 in Pembina was numbered to match then-Highway 59 in Minnesota.

In the 1950s, this route was renumbered 171 when a realigned U.S. 59 was constructed from Lancaster north to Canada.

This route was paved (as U.S. 59) by 1940.

Since 2003, Canada-bound traffic on nearby U.S. 75 has been directed to follow State Highway 171 west into North Dakota, where it becomes North Dakota Highway 59, which intersects I-29 to Canada.  In 2006, the closure became official of the nearby Noyes border crossing on U.S. 75.  Minnesota and North Dakota have not yet petitioned AASHTO officials to change the definition of U.S. 75 to follow the routing of 171 and ND 59.  As of 2019, nearby U.S. 75 in Minnesota is still signed to what is now a dead-end at the old Noyes border crossing.

Major intersections

References

171
Category:Transportation in Kittson County, Minnesota
Category:U.S. Route 59
Category:U.S. Route 75


Kuluncak

Kuluncak () is a town and district of Malatya Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Boyraz (AKP).

References

External links
  District governor's official website

Category:Populated places in Malatya Province
Category:Districts of Malatya Province


Naghan-e Olya

Naghan-e Olya (, also Romanized as Nāghān-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Milas Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 431, in 71 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Lordegan County


Separate reality

Separate reality and similar can mean:
Separate Reality (climbing route) in Yosemite National Park
A Separate Reality, a book
Separate Reality Ltd, the software engineering company

See also
Parallel universe (disambiguation)


Mień

Mień  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańsk, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately  west of Brańsk,  west of Bielsk Podlaski, and  south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

The village has a population of 610.

References

Category:Villages in Bielsk County


WGFT

WGFT (1330 AM) – branded Star 94.7 – is a commercial daytime-only urban adult contemporary radio station licensed to Campbell, Ohio. Owned by Helen Bednarczyk through licensee Y-Town Radio Broadcasting, LLC, the station serves the Youngstown, Ohio market as the local affiliate for The Steve Harvey Morning Show; and the home of syndicated personalities Donnie McClurkin, Michael Baisden and Keith Sweat. WGFT also simulcasts over Girard translator W234CH (94.7 FM). The WGFT studios are located in downtown Youngstown, while the transmitter for WGFT resides on Blaine Avenue in Youngstown's Hazelton neighborhood; W234CH's transmitter is located on Sunset Drive in Youngstown's Pleasant Grove neighborhood. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WGFT is available online.

History
Prior to 1990, this station the original home of WHOT, one of the first Top 40 stations in the country. Originally a daytime-only station that signed on October 16, 1955, licensed to the town of Campbell, Ohio, WHOT was founded by Myron Jones and Bill Fleckinstein, who first signed on WJET in Erie, Pennsylvania on the 1570 frequency as a daytimer. After upgrading WJET to a full-time signal on the 1400 kHz frequency in 1955, Jones and Fleckinstein used the now-opened 1570 frequency to establish WHOT in the Youngstown suburb of Campbell, Ohio as a 250 watt non-directional daytime-only station. At the time, the station had to sign off at nighttime in order to protect clear channel XERF in Ciudad Acuña, and for a period WHOT was the only daytimer in the Youngstown market.

Despite the technical limitations, WHOT rose to the top of the local ratings in the Youngstown area. Longtime broadcaster Dick Biondi was the afternoon host on WHOT at this time, while Al DeJulio and "Boots" Bell hosted rival local TV teen dance music programs; DeJulio hosted "45 Hop" on WXTV (Channel 45) while Bell hosted "Dance Party" on WYTV (Channel 33). In 1963, WHOT moved to the 1330 frequency as a full-time operation, continuing with the top 40 format; the 1570 frequency was reallocated to Warren, Ohio and another station, WTCL, was established in 1971.

After moving the format to the FM dial in 1984, WHOT was sold off to WVBR, Inc. on February 16, 1990 for $290,000; concurrently, WHOT, Inc. acquired WFMJ (1390 AM) from The Vindicator Publishing Company for $230,000 that April 23. A second incarnation of WHOT on the AM dial was launched on the former WFMJ that May 28, at the same time, this station temporarily switched call letters to WFNV, then switched again to WYWR on October 8. By July 6, 1992, the station changed its call sign to WZKC, then to WASN on November 15, 1993, and swapped callsigns with WGFT on December 1, 2003.

The station switched from a gospel music format to a talk/personality format in December 2007. The WGFT calls refer to the station's former gospel music format ("The Gift"), which now resides on sister station WASN AM 1500. It was a full-time station until around 2000, when its night power was voluntarily relinquished. However, their web streaming now operates on a 24-hour basis, along with sister station (and fellow daytimer) WGFT.

In addition to Don Imus, Laura Ingraham, Dave Ramsey, Sean Hannity and Mark Levin, the station featured a local daily talk radio show hosted by Louie Free. Free's show originated on sister station WASN until January 1, 2010, when WASN changed from a Hispanic and gospel music format to carry urban-oriented news/talk programming; Free moved to WYCL and WHTX the following year.

WGFT changed its format to classic hits early in 2012.

In February 2013, WGFT and sister station WASN were taken off the air due to on-going technical reasons with a plan to return to the air by February 2014.

In June 2013, an application was filed with the Federal Communications Commission for WGFT to be rebroadcast on 94.3 FM owned by Helen M. Bednarczyk, wife of WGFT and WASN general manager Ted "Skip" Bednarczyk.

In February 2014, WGFT and WASN were sold by Bernard Radio LLC to Y-Town Radio Broadcasting, LLC, which operates W232AI 93.7. The sale, at a price of $16,501, was consummated on August 1, 2014.

On May 11, 2014, at 10 am, after broadcasting only the sound of a ticking clock for three days, WGFT launched an urban adult contemporary format being simulcast on Niles FM W232AI 93.7, as Star 93.7, launching with 5,000 songs in a row commercial-free. The first song on Star was Black or White by Michael Jackson.

FM translator

Previous logos

References

External links

FCC History Cards for WGFT (WHOT)
FM translator

GFT
Category:Radio stations established in 1955
Category:1955 establishments in Ohio
Category:Daytime-only radio stations


Alexis Texas

Alexis Texas (born May 25, 1985) is an American pornographic actress, director, and featured dancer. As of September 2017, she had appeared in 625 films as a performer and 5 as the director.

Early life
Texas was born on an Army base in Panama. She was raised in Castroville, Texas and graduated from Medina Valley High in 2003. She is of German, Norwegian, and Puerto Rican descent. Her first job was at a nursing home, where she worked as a personal care assistant. Prior to entering the adult film industry, she attended Texas State University studying respiratory care therapy.

Career

Texas' first scene was with Jack Venice in Shane's World's College Amateur Tour In Texas, filmed in October 2006, followed by several scenes for Bang Bros in Florida. She then moved to Los Angeles and began shooting scenes for the LA Direct modeling agency in March 2007. Released in February 2008, Discovering Alexis Texas was directed by the adult performer Belladonna.

In 2012, Texas signed an exclusive, one-year contract with the company Adam & Eve. In February 2014, it was announced that she had amicably separated from Adam & Eve.

Texas currently has a show on Vivid Radio entitled Alexis Texas: Sex ED. In June 2015, Elegant Angel signed her to an exclusive directing contract. Her directorial debut, Big Booty Tryouts, was released the following month. She appeared in all of the film's scenes, which were the first ones she shot after a nearly two-year hiatus from performing. She also directed The Real Buttwoman Returns, which featured her first gangbang scene.

Texas was featured on the cover of Genesis magazine in April 2009, and Hustler magazine's 35th anniversary edition in June 2009. In 2010, she was named by Maxim as one of the 12 top female stars in porn. In 2013, she was one of the 16 actresses portrayed in Deborah Anderson's documentary film Aroused. As of September 2017, she had appeared in 625 films as a performer and 5 as the director.

In 2011, Texas made her crossover debut to mainstream movies, starring in the comedy horror film Bloodlust Zombies. She also appeared in the music video for "Bandz a Make Her Dance" by Juicy J in 2012.

Personal life
She was married to pornographic actor Mr. Pete from 2008 to 2013.

Awards

References

External links

Category:1985 births
Category:21st-century American actresses
Category:American people of German descent
Category:American people of Norwegian descent
Category:American people of Puerto Rican descent
Category:American female erotic dancers
Category:American erotic dancers
Category:American pornographic film actresses
Category:Hispanic and Latino American pornographic film actors
Category:American pornographic film directors
Category:Living people
Category:Military brats
Category:People from Greater San Antonio
Category:Pornographic film actors from Texas
Category:Radio personalities from Texas
Category:Women pornographic film directors
Category:Actresses of German descent


Selenophorus discopunctatus

Selenophorus discopunctatus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Harpalinae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1829


Alfred Faulkner

Sir Alfred Edward Faulkner, CB, CBE (3 July 1882 – 15 July 1963) was a British civil servant.

Career
He was born in Tottenham, the son of a grocer and was awarded a foundation scholarship to St Albans School in 1894. When he left school, he was appointed a boy copyist in the civil service. He was appointed as a supernumary clerk in the second division (known as a Ridley clerk ) in civil service in 1901. He was assigned to the Admiralty. and obtained a substantive post in 1908, and appointment as an assistant transport clerk in 1910.

Following the Agadir Crisis in 1911, he worked under Graeme Thomson on the plans for getting the British Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war. The result of their work was that in the British Expeditionary Force was speedily deployed to France after World War I broke out. Like Thomson he moved to the Ministry of Shipping on its formation.

In the 1920s, he was successively Director of Sea Transport at the Board of Trade, Under-Secretary for Mines, and Under-Secretary for Petroleum. Following his formal retirement, he served as director of producer gas vehicles and then Transport Commissioner for the Eastern Region. He died in Bournemouth in July 1963 at the age of 81.

References

Category:1882 births
Category:1963 deaths
Category:British civil servants
Category:People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire


Leopold and Astrid Coast

The Leopold and Astrid Coast () is that portion of the coast of Antarctica lying between the western extremity of the West Ice Shelf, at 81°24′E, and Cape Penck, at 87°43′E. It is located in the eastern half of Princess Elizabeth Land. It was discovered and explored in an airplane flight from the Norwegian ship Thorshavn on January 17, 1934, by Lieutenant Alf Gunnestad and Captain Nils Larsen. The coast was named by Lars Christensen, Norwegian whaling magnate and leader of the expedition, for King Leopold and Queen Astrid of Belgium.

References

Category:Coasts of Antarctica
Category:Landforms of Princess Elizabeth Land


Endless Sleep Chapter 46

Endless Sleep Chapter 46 is the fifteenth studio album Australian blues rock band, The Black Sorrows. The album was the first of two simultaneously-released limited edition vinyl in Australia in April 2015. It was later released as a digital download and compact disc in Europe.

The band supported the European release with a 16-date tour of the UK and Scandinavia in August 2016, including six performances at Edinburgh Fringe Festival.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2015, Endless Sleep was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Blues and Roots Album, losing to Gon' Boogaloo by C. W. Stoneking.

At the Australian Blues Music Festival, The Black Sorrows was nominated for Duo or Group of the year for theirs song "Devil in Disguise". It lost out to Greg Dodd & the Hoodoo Men's "I Wish You Would."

Background
Following on from the success of their album Certified Blue in 2014, The Black Sorrows simultaneously released two limited edition 12" vinyl LPs in time for Record Store Day on 18 April 2015. The LPs are a tribute to the lyricists. Joe Camilleri said; "I tip my hat to the spirit of these artists who have inspired me and give the songs another opportunity to be heard...I'm a disciple and it’s a bit of soul food."

The title Endless Sleep refers to the fact that the original artists of the songs are no longer alive while the 'chapter 46' refers to the number of albums lead singer Joe Camilleri has released over his career, dating back to the 1960s and including Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons, The Revelators, his solo works and The Black Sorrows.

Reception

Michael Dwyer from The Sydney Morning Herald gave the album 3 ½ out of 5, saying "The hell-for-leather boogie of J.J. Cale's 'Devil In Disguise' and Vika Bull's paint stripping tilt at Big Maybelle's 'That's A Pretty Good Love' balance the sardonic storytelling of Lou Reed's 'Dirty Boulevard' and Warren Zevon's 'Excitable Boy.'"

Dylan Stewart from The Music gave the album 3 out of 5 saying "there's a lot of fun to be had on Endless Sleep Chapter 46", calling "That's a Pretty Good Love" the highlight of the album.

Steve Creedy from The Australian gave the album 4 out of 5, saying: "As you might expect from somebody as accomplished and seasoned as Camilleri and his band, they are vividly executed and beautifully recorded. From the raw blues passion of “61 Highway” and “Done Something Wrong” to the exciting vocals of Vika Bull on “That’s Pretty Good Love” and the liquid slow boogie of Louis Jordan’s “Blue Light”, the [Black] Sorrows and guests generally nail it."

A reviewer from Daily Planet on ABC said the albums (referring to Chapters 46 and 47) are "full of beautifully judged covers of country, blues, soul, rock and jazz recordings that have continued to inspire him."

Track listing
Vinyl (HEAD210V-46)

Band members
Joe Camilleri – vocals, guitar, saxophone, harp
John McAll – keyboards, vocals
Claude Carranza – guitar, vocals
Mark Gray – bass, vocals
Angus Burchall – drums

Release history

References

Category:The Black Sorrows albums
Category:2015 albums
Category:Albums produced by Joe Camilleri
Category:Covers albums


European Top 20

European Top 20 was a disk magazine and scene chart for the Commodore Amiga published by the demo scene group Equinox. The first issue was published in July 1992 and the last (number 7) in July 1993.

References

External links
Download all European Top 20 issues

Category:Commodore International
Category:Defunct computer magazines
Category:Disk magazines
Category:Magazines established in 1992
Category:Magazines disestablished in 1993


DNAJC14

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC14 gene.

Interactions
DNAJC14 has been shown to interact with Dopamine receptor D1.

References

Further reading

Category:Heat shock proteins


Barnett Rosenberg

Barnett Rosenberg (16 November 1926 – 8 August 2009) was an American chemist best known for the discovery of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin.

Rosenberg graduated from Brooklyn College in 1948 and obtained his PhD in Physics at New York University (NYU) in 1956. He joined Michigan State University as a professor of biophysics in 1961 and worked there until 1997.

In 1965, Rosenberg and his colleagues proved that certain platinum-containing compounds inhibited cell division and then in 1969 showed that they cured solid tumors. The chemotherapy drug that eventually resulted from this work, cisplatin, obtained US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1978 and went on to become a widely used anti-cancer drug. The initial discovery was quite serendipitous. Rosenberg was looking into the  effects of an electric field on the growth of bacteria. He noticed that bacteria ceased to divide when placed in an electric field and eventually traced the cause of this phenomenon to the platinum electrode he was using.

He was awarded the Chemical Pioneer Award from the American Institute of Chemists  in 1979, the Charles F. Kettering Prize in 1984 and the Harvey Prize in 1984.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:20th-century American chemists
Category:New York University alumni
Category:American oncologists
Category:Michigan State University faculty
Category:Brooklyn College alumni


Bernie Jeffrey

Bernie Jeffrey (born 3 September 1933) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the South Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Notes

External links

Category:Living people
Category:1933 births
Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Category:Sydney Swans players


Stesimbrotos of Thasos

Stesimbrotos of Thasos (; c. 470 BC – c. 420 BC), doubtless raised at Thasos, was a sophist, a rhapsode and logographer, a writer on history, and an opponent of Pericles and reputed author of a political pamphlet On Themistocles, Thucydides, and Pericles. Plutarch used writings by Stesimbrotos in his Life of Pericles, asserting that the coolness between Pericles and his son Xanthippos was due to Pericles seducing his daughter-in-law. Walter Burkert has suggested Stesimbrotos as the author of the Derveni papyrus (Burkert 1987:44, 58 n.6).

Category:Sophists
Category:Ancient Greek epic poets
Category:Ancient Thasians
Category:Philosophers of ancient Macedonia
Category:Early Greek historians
Category:5th-century BC historians
Category:Metics in Classical Athens
Category:470s BC births
Category:420s BC deaths


Ruen

Ruen (, ; ) is a village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province. It is the administrative centre of Ruen municipality, which lies in the northern part of Burgas Province.

Municipality

Ruen municipality includes the following 41 places:

The population of the municipality is predominantly Turkish (see Turks in Bulgaria), with some Bulgarians, Roma and Pomaks.

Category:Villages in Burgas Province


Dalla Viola

Dalla Viola (also Della Viola, De la Viola, and Viola) was an Italian family of musicians, active from about 1470 to 1570. The most prominent members were:

 Alfonso dalla Viola (c. 1508 – c. 1573), composer and instrumentalist
 Francesco dalla Viola (d. 1568), choirmaster and composer

Notes


Adalbold I

Adelbold I (or Odilbald) was a bishop of Utrecht from 867/879 to 898.

Just like his predecessors and successors, Adelbold resided in Deventer because Utrecht was still threatened by Viking raids. A few times he acted as arbiter in matters at Cologne, and he visited the Synods at Cologne in 873 and 887, and the Synod at Trebur in 895. Adelbold was buried in the St. Salvator Church in Utrecht.

Category:898 deaths
Category:Bishops of Utrecht
Category:9th-century bishops
Category:Year of birth unknown


Ballynoran Church

Ballynoran Church is a medieval church and National Monument in County Tipperary, Ireland.

Location

Ballynoran Church is located  west of Carrick-on-Suir, on the north bank of the River Suir.

History

The church of Ard Colm, "height of the doves". Ardcolme appears in the Papal Taxations of 1306, and Ardcolum in the 1654 Down Survey.

Building
The church is rectangular and now roofless. There is no public path to the church buildings.

References

Category:Religion in County Tipperary
Category:Archaeological sites in County Tipperary
Category:National Monuments in County Tipperary
Category:Former churches in the Republic of Ireland