Harvard Square

Harvard Square is a triangular plaza at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue, Brattle Street, and John F. Kennedy Street, near the center of Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The term "Harvard Square" is also used to delineate the business district and Harvard University surrounding that intersection, which is the historic center of Cambridge. Adjacent to Harvard Yard, the historic heart of Harvard University, the Square (as it is sometimes called locally) functions as a commercial center for Harvard students, as well as residents of western Cambridge and the western and northern neighborhoods and inner suburbs of Boston.  These residents use the Harvard station, a major MBTA Red Line subway and bus transportation hub.

In an extended sense, the name "Harvard Square" can also refer to the entire neighborhood surrounding this intersection for several blocks in each direction.  The nearby Cambridge Common has become a park area with a playground, baseball field, and a number of monuments, several relating to the Revolutionary War.

Location

The heart of Harvard Square is the junction of Massachusetts Avenue and Brattle Street. Massachusetts Avenue enters from the southeast (a few miles after crossing the Charles River from Boston at MIT), and turns sharply to the north at the intersection, which is dominated by a large pedestrian space incorporating the MBTA subway entrance, an international newsstand, a visitor information kiosk, and a small open-air performance space ("The Pit"). Brattle Street and John F. Kennedy Street merge from the southwest, joining Massachusetts Avenue at "Nini's Corner", where another newsstand used to be located. The Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society main building forms the western streetwall at the intersection, along with a bank and some retail shops.

Nearby places
The walled enclosure of Harvard Yard is adjacent, with Harvard University, Harvard Extension School, Harvard Art Museums, Semitic Museum, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, and Museum of Natural History just short walks away.

Other institutions in the general neighborhood include the Cambridge Public Library, Lesley University, the Longy School of Music, the Episcopal Divinity School,  the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, American Repertory Theater, the Cooper-Frost-Austin House, the Hooper-Lee-Nichols House, and the Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site.

The high pedestrian traffic makes Harvard Square a gathering place for street musicians and buskers, who must obtain a permit from the Cambridge Arts Council. Singer-songwriter  Tracy Chapman, who attended nearby Tufts University, is known to have played here during her college years.  Amanda Palmer, of The Dresden Dolls, regularly performed here as a "living statue". Another frequent performer over the years has been indie rock guitarist Mary Lou Lord. A small bronze statue of "Doo Doo" (a puppet created by Igor Fokin) sits at the corner of Brattle and Eliot streets, in honor of Fokin and all the street performers.

Other features

Until 1984, the Harvard Square stop was the northern terminus of the Red Line, and it still functions as a major transfer station between subway, bus, and trackless trolley.  Automobile traffic can be heavy, and parking is difficult. Most of the bus lines serving the area from the north and west run through a tunnel adjacent to the subway tunnel. Originally built for streetcars (which last ran in 1958) and still used by trackless trolleys as well as ordinary buses, the tunnel lessens bus traffic in central Harvard Square, and lets buses cross the Square without encountering automobile traffic.  The tunnel also allows safer and covered access between the subway and the buses.

At the center of the Square is the old Harvard Square Subway Kiosk, now a newsstand, Out of Town News, stocking newspapers and magazines from around the world. A video of it appears in transitional clips used on CNN. A public motion art installation, Lumen Eclipse, has been introduced at the Tourist Information Booth showing monthly exhibitions of local, national and international artists.

The office of NPR's Car Talk radio show faces the square, with a stencil in the window that reads "Dewey, Cheetham & Howe," the fictional law firm often referenced on the show. The popular show has referenced this by asking its viewers to send in answers to the "Puzzler" to "Puzzler Tower, Car Talk Plaza, Harvard Square, Cambridge (our fair city), MA 02238".

The sunken region next to the newsstand and the subway entrance is called "The Pit". Its arena-like appearance attracts skateboarders and, more generally, young, high-school aged people from surrounding neighborhoods who are associated with countercultural movements such as the punk, hardcore, straight edge, and goth subcultures. The contrast between these congregants, and the often older and more conservatively dressed people associated with nearby Harvard University and the businesses in the Square, occasionally leads to tension. Also, Harvard sports teams and clubs, including the track teams and all-male social clubs, are known to make use of this contrast through encouraging or sometimes forcing their newest members to engage in humorous or humiliating performances in "The Pit" as part of these members' initiations into the group. The overall scene was later fondly recalled by singer songwriter Amanda Palmer as a hangout for "Cool People".

Across the street to the east of The Pit, an outdoor cafe features always-busy tables for chess players, including US Federation Life Master Murray Turnbull, who has displayed his "Play the Chessmaster" sign here since 1982.

In the southwest area of the Square neighborhood, on Mount Auburn St, stands the Igor Fokin Memorial.  This memorial, created by sculptor Konstantin Simun, pays tribute not only to the late "beloved puppeteer," but to all street performers that are an integral part of the square, especially during summer months.

A number of other public squares dot the surrounding streets, notably Brattle Square and Winthrop Square, with a wide variety of street performers throughout the year. Brattle Street itself is home to the Brattle Theater (a non-profit  arthouse theater) and the American Repertory Theater. The John F. Kennedy Memorial Park, one block further down JFK Street, is on the bank of the Charles River.  Cambridge Common is two blocks north.

The Square often attracts activists for unconventional political factions and has its share of panhandlers. Although Tom Magliozzi has derided it as "the bum capital of the world", it's also very likely one of the world's best places to people-watch, having many benches, terraces, and sidewalk restaurants and cafes dedicated for that purpose, and an affluent, ambient shopping population to sustain most anyone's interest.

"The Garage" is a small, multi-story shopping mall, named thus because it was formerly a parking garage. The original car ramp has been preserved, and is a central feature of this adaptive reuse project. One of the main attractions in The Garage is a Newbury Comics store.

History

Although today a commercial center, the Square had famous residents in earlier periods, including the colonial poet Anne Bradstreet.

Transformation

Discussions of how the Square has changed in recent years usually center on the gentrification of the Harvard Square neighborhood and Cambridge in general. The Square also used to be a neighborhood shopping center, including a grocery store (Sages) and a Woolworth's five and ten.  Although a hardware store (Dickson Hardware at 26 Brattle Street) survives amid chain drug stores and bank branches, the Square is mainly a regional rather than neighborhood shopping destination, serving students and commuters.

In 1981 and 1987 the Harvard Square Theater was converted into a multiplex cinema; it later became part of the Loews Cineplex Entertainment chain and then closed on July 8, 2012.  During the late 1990s, some locally run businesses with long-time shopfronts on the Square—including the unusual Tasty Diner, a tiny sandwich shop open long hours, and the Wursthaus, a German restaurant with an extensive beer menu—closed to make way for national chains. Elsie's Lunch, a long-popular deli, has also closed; what remained of its small corner storefront space facing Lowell House on Mount Auburn Street is now occupied by an ATM. Another long-time restaurant, the 64-year-old Leo's Place, closed in December 2013 when the landlord of the property terminated their lease. The owners are hoping to reopen in a new location.

The student co-op, the Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society ("The Coop", founded in 1882) is now managed by Barnes & Noble, though it is still overseen by a board elected by its membership of Harvard and MIT students and staff. Schoenhof's Foreign Books is owned by the French Éditions Gallimard. Major bookstores Paperback Booksmith, Reading International, and Barilari Books had closed by the end of the 1990s.  WordsWorth Books at 30 Brattle Street closed in 2004, after 29 years as a fixture in the Square. In the same year, the famous Grolier Poetry Bookshop announced that it would be sold (although it survived under new management). Globe Corner Bookstore converted to an exclusively online business, serving its last walk-in customer on July 4, 2011.

Following national trends, the former Harvard Trust Company has been absorbed into the national Bank of America through a series of mergers. The iconic Out of Town News is owned by the UK-based Hudson Group.  Still, several establishments remain as longstanding, locally-run businesses with unique styles. Examples include Leavitt & Pierce tobacconists (est. 1883), Laflamme Barber Shop (est. 1898), Harvard Book Store (est. 1932), Cardullo's Gourmet Shoppe (est. 1950), Charlie's Kitchen (est. 1951), the Brattle Theater (est. 1953), the Hong Kong Chinese restaurant (est. 1954), Club Passim (est. 1958), Café Pamplona (est. 1959), Mr. Bartley's Burger Cottage (est. 1960), Dickson Brothers Hardware (est. 1961), Million Year Picnic comics (est. 1970), Algiers Coffee House (est. 1970), and Grendel's Den (est. 1971).

Raven Used Books arrived in 2005, helping to preserve Harvard Square's reputation as a center for used and new book browsing and sales.

A 2012 proposal suggested major changes to the pedestrian island in the heart of Harvard Square, including possible removal of the landmark Out of Town News kiosk. Reaction to the proposal was mixed, and no changes have been approved .

In film and other media
The 1969 film Goodbye, Columbus takes place in Harvard Square near the film's conclusion, after the Richard Benjamin character learns that his girlfriend, Brenda Potimkin (played by Katharine Ross), an undergraduate at Radcliffe College, had left her diaphragm in the top drawer of her bureau at home for her mother to discover.

The 1970 film Love Story, by the late Harvard University alumnus and Yale University professor of classics Erich Segal, takes place almost entirely in and around Harvard Square during its first two-thirds, while Harvard undergraduates Oliver Barrett and Jenny Cavalieri meet; finish college; get married; and Oliver goes to Harvard Law School while Jenny teaches school, living in a second-story walk-up in what looks like Watertown. The film continues to be screened annually to incoming freshmen at Harvard College during orientation week.

The 1973 film The Paper Chase, set at Harvard Law School, features Harvard Square landmarks of its era, including the old Out of Town Newsstand, the old MBTA Harvard station kiosk with its "8 Minutes to Park Street" sign, and the now-defunct Kupersmith's Florists.

The 1977 film Between the Lines features similar Harvard Square footage as well as aerial footage of the Back Bay.

The 1994 film With Honors has a scene filmed in Harvard Square in which the Out of Town Newsstand is featured.  In the scene, Monty approaches Simon as he (Simon) is attempting to sell newspapers he took out of a vending machine.

Various parts of the 1997 film Good Will Hunting were filmed in and around Harvard Square, most notably at the former Tasty Sandwich Shop and the outdoor seating area of the square's largest Au Bon Pain café.

The 2005 documentary film Touching History; Harvard Square, the Bank, and The Tasty Diner chronicles the changing face of the Square, as a small diner (The Tasty) closes its doors to make way for a large retail space.

Ben Affleck shot portions of his film The Town (2010) in Grendel's Den on Winthrop Street, locally famous in the 1970s for its chocolate fondue.

The 2010 film The Social Network, about the Harvard student origins of Facebook, featured aerial footage of the area near Holyoke Center.

Gallery

See also
Design Research
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Orson Welles Cinema
William Brattle House
Conductor's Building
St. Paul Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

References
Notes

Citations

Further reading

 Sullivan, Charles M., "Harvard Square History and Development", Cambridge Historical Commission

External links

 Harvard Square History and Development
 Postcard view, ca. 1930-1945

*
Category:Bookstore neighborhoods
Category:Busking venues
Category:Cultural history of Boston
Category:Landmarks in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Category:Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Category:Neighborhoods in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Category:Squares in Cambridge, Massachusetts


Perfect Best

Perfect Best is a compilation album by Japanese heavy metal band X Japan, released on February 24, 1999. It includes songs that go from their debut album Vanishing Vision to Dahlia, and also an interview with Yoshiki. Some tracks are taken from Live Live Live Tokyo Dome 1993-1996. The album reached number 4 on the Oricon chart. It was certified gold by RIAJ.

Although there is no description in particular, all tracks are remastered for this album.

Track listing
Disc One
"Prologue ~ World Anthem" (1993 Live)
"I'll Kill You"
"Blue Blood" (1993 Live)
"Rusty Nail"
"Say Anything" (1995 Live)
"Vanishing Love"
"Tears"
"Art Of Life" (Radio Edit Version)
"Kurenai" (Deep Red)
"Stab Me In The Back" (1988 Live)
"Standing Sex" (1993 Live)
"Dahlia"

Disc Two
"Week End" (1995 Live)
"Sadistic Desire"
"Endless Rain" (1993 Live)
"Forever Love"
"Orgasm" (1996 Live)
"X" (1993 Live)
"The Last Song"

Disc Three
"Yoshiki Special Interview"

References

Category:X Japan compilation albums
Category:X Japan live albums
Category:Interview albums
Category:1999 compilation albums
Category:1999 live albums


Helderberg College of Higher Education

Helderberg College of Higher Education is a private higher education institution situated in Somerset West, South Africa, about thirty minutes from Cape Town. It was established in 1893 - the first Seventh-day Adventist College established outside of North America under the name "Union College".  It moved to its present location in 1928, making it the oldest Adventist college on the continent of Africa. It is owned and operated by the Southern Africa Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists , with headquarters in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

It is fully accredited by the  Council on Higher Education and Department of Higher Education and Training (DoHET)(South Africa).  Its qualifications are registered on the national qualifications frame work of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA). It is also accredited by the Adventist Accrediting Association (AAA).

It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

The college also hosts a local research centre of the Ellen G. White Estate.

Historical Overview
The history of Seventh-day Adventist education in South Africa began in 1893 with the establishment of Claremont Union College, Cape Town. The College changed locations in 1919 and again in 1928 in an attempt to follow more closely the philosophy that has motivated this institution.  After the first move, the College became known as Spion Kop College, and in 1928 the last move established Helderberg College, on the slopes of Helderberg Mountain, just outside Somerset West, South Africa.

Claremont Union College (1893-1917)
The first Seventh-day Adventist College outside North America, Claremont Union College opened its doors on 1 February 1893. It was situated on  of land within walking distance of Kenilworth station. The impressive buildings and comprehensive curriculum are testimony to the vision of those early educators. The original stately double-storey college building has since been proclaimed a national monument and is today the focal building in a modern shopping complex.

Union College offered primary, secondary and tertiary education. College subjects included Greek and Latin, Trigonometry and Geometry, Chemistry and Physics, Logic and Moral Science. Besides the classical academic education, emphasis was placed on character development, a vocational programme, laws of health, physical training and culture. The College was open to all races and no distinction was made with regard to religious affiliation. In fact, half the students were not Seventh-day Adventists.

Over the 25 years of its existence, two distinct education points of view have waxed and waned with regard to curriculum. The ultimate goal was the same and that was to graduate students who were well prepared for life's tasks. The initial view favoured a strong four-year classical education such as was taught at other notable colleges and academies. With the passage of time, the emphasis swung to the offering of a shorter, more practical course. Despite academic polemics and financial problems compounded by the Anglo-Boer War, the College filled a vital role in providing a religious atmosphere with values that rang true for the 50-100 young people who studied there each year. It graduated 31 students, and many of these have been signally influential in both church and society.

South African Training College (1919-1922)

The site for Claremont Union College had been chosen because of the strong conviction that a secluded, rural location was most conducive to true education, but by 1917 sprawling urban growth posed a threat. Consequently, the College was relocated on a mission station  from Ladysmith, Natal, and 1918 was spent in erecting buildings, largely from materials salvaged from Union College. Staff and students transferred to the new site and classes began in 1919 with an enrolment of 27. Standards 5-8 were taught, along with a Worker's Course for those preparing for church work. As the College grew, a strong practical emphasis in the curriculum emerged. Two three-year courses, a Training Course and Normal Course, were developed.

When the college was advanced to the status of a junior college, major changes in academic offerings included the introduction of a one-year course in Shorthand, a two-year Normal Course (teacher training programme), and a four-year course resembling the classical course originally offered at Union College. The latter did not get much support and by 1923 all courses were two years in length: the Theological Course, Bible Workers' Course, Teacher Training Course and Commercial Course.

Spion Kop College (1922-1927)
The emphasis between the two colleges differed: the majority of the 31 graduates from Union College were teachers, while from Spion Kop the majority of the 30 graduates were from the Theology and Bible Workers' courses.

It soon became evident that the remote location and inaccessibility of Spion Kop College were insurmountable obstacles and in 1925 a committee was appointed to select a new location. After looking at 50 farms in the Western Cape, the committee unanimously chose Bakkerskloof with its flourishing almond and apricot orchards flanking Helderberg mountain. They purchased the  for ten thousand pounds, and the third phase of college development began.

Helderberg College (1928- )
The new African Missionary College, as it was first called, opened in 1928 with two dormitories completed and plans for the construction of the administration building well under way. Apart from these, there were two staff cottages, farm sheds and outbuildings. The institution was renamed Helderberg College after the mountain towering protectively above it. Despite the depression, the total enrolment climbed to 154 by 1930, and has grown steadily ever since. Today there are more than 60 buildings on campus including the church, administration and lecture buildings, library, auditorium, gymnasium and cafeteria, student centre, three-storey student residences, married students' flats, staff flats and homes, and separate church-operated primary and high schools.

The growth of the College is probably best reflected in the number of graduates which has increased from 8 in 1929 to an average of 40-60 a year. Many of these graduates have continued their studies in South Africa and abroad.

The academic growth of the College can be viewed from three perspectives: the course offerings, academic qualifications of staff, and library holdings.

A review of the course offerings of the past reveals periods of significant change and development. The first few years after 1928 saw a continuation of the courses offered at Spion Kop College. The staff were few in number but were well qualified, with the business manager, W B Commin, a chartered accountant. In the early thirties, courses were lengthened to three years, and course contents combined to best meet the needs of the church: Theological-Normal, Domestic Science-Normal, with Commercial-Normal being added in 1946. A two-year Bible Instructors' Course was also offered.

The first real major change in curriculum came in 1951 when the College became a senior college and, under the guidance of A J Raitt, started to offer the degree courses of the University of South Africa (UNISA) as part of the regular four-year diploma courses. Students could complete the requirements of the BA, BSc and BCom degrees within the four years. The UNISA connection served the College very well for the next 35 years with only minor adjustments to the curriculum. It included a recognised three-year primary teaching diploma in the eighties. The sixties saw a proliferation of diploma courses and some were lengthened and others shortened. A five-year theology programme was attempted, and even a pre-nursing course was published.

Graduation exercises became more formal with the change of status to senior college. The 1955 graduating class was the first to wear full academic regalia, including colours to represent the various fields of study. All subsequent classes followed suit and today it is part of the tradition and policy of the college.

The need for wider recognition and closer control over the curriculum led to the next major change under the leadership of Dr A O Coetzee in 1976 when an affiliation agreement was entered into with the Adventist higher education system's flagship institution Andrews University (located in Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA), to offer the BTh (Bachelor of Theology) and BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration) degrees. From this initial agreement, the affiliation was extended to the BA degree which could also include a four-year elementary teaching qualification. Agriculture offered as a two-year Associate of Science degree met a specific demand for a few years but was later phased out. The eighties saw the introduction of a wider number of business and secretarial diploma courses.

The escalating cost of post-graduate study overseas precipitated plans to offer such degrees at Helderberg College. In 1981, under the leadership of Dr D Birkenstock, the Andrews University affiliation was extended when the MA in Religion degree was first offered on campus. The programme was spread over four years with a quarter being taught each year. Starting with Drs Strand and Heppenstall, many lecturers from overseas made a real contribution to the ministerial force in Southern Africa. The post-graduate degree gave impetus to the rapid expansion of the library, and in 1983 the E G White Research Centre and Heritage Room were officially opened by Mrs Hedwig Jemison.

In 1997, under the leadership of David F Allen, an additional affiliation agreement was entered into with Southern Adventist University (located in Collegedale, Tennessee, USA). This affiliation provided alternative accreditation and academic recognition for the BBA degree, majoring in either accounting or management.

Changes in the South African education landscape subsequent to the first democratic elections in 1994 impacted directly on the College. In terms of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) Act (No. 58 of 1995) and the Higher Education Act (No. 101 of 1997), private institutions of higher learning were granted the opportunity of becoming fully accredited and registered providers of education, issuing their own degrees and diplomas. Those institutions whose qualifications were registered on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) by the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), and that met the requirements of the Council on Higher Education (CHE) and the Department of Education (DoE) have been able to take their place alongside the public sector institutions in providing nationally and internationally recognized programmes of study. Helderberg College, under the academic leadership of Dr Gerald T du Preez, received such accreditation and registration in 2001. Students who enrolled for degree programmes for the first time in 2001 thus began a course of study culminating in a Helderberg College degree, backed by SAQA, the CHE and the DoE. Students transferring to other tertiary institutions or wishing to engage in post graduate study in South Africa are able to do so with ease, as there is a common registering body with controlled standards and criteria. In addition, the courses done at Helderberg College are accredited by AAA (Adventist Accrediting Association), which makes them transferable to any one of the more than 115 Seventh-day Adventist institutions worldwide.

The second perspective of the academic growth of the College has been the qualifications of the staff. From the start, the College has had well-qualified staff. In 1936, the small teaching staff had five teachers with master's degrees, two with bachelors', and the remainder with recognised diplomas. The first teacher with a doctorate was H L Rasmussen who joined the staff in 1947 to teach history. In 1949 the principal, W E McClure, returned from furlough with a doctorate, as did F C Clarke, whose specialty was science. The offering of UNISA degrees on campus made it easier for a number of the staff to earn BA degrees and in many cases this led to post-graduate work. In the seventies there were up to five staff with doctorates. Some of the first lecturers to earn a doctorate at a South African University included Dr Hofni Joubert (in the late fifties) Dr Izak J van Zyl (in the seventies), with Dr Delyse Steyn being the first woman to achieve this. Helderberg College regards a master's degree as the minimum academic qualification for lecturers and through its staff development programme, encourages and assists the teaching faculty in upgrading their qualifications where needed with the objective of 50% of the teaching staff having their terminal degrees by 2011. As of November 2016, 50% of the full time teaching staff have terminal degrees. Of the remaining 50%, half of them are pursuing doctoral studies.

Until 1952, the library at Helderberg College was housed on the top floor of the Administration Building, from where it was moved to the more spacious location on the ground floor of Anderson Hall. The book holdings increased from 4 000 in 1936 to 7 000 in 1947. In 1981, the Pieter Wessels Library, occupying all three floors in the renovated Meade House, was opened officially. While K B Cronjé was director of library services, book holdings topped 50 000, besides many other materials such as periodicals, audiotapes and teaching materials. In the basement are the E G White Research Centre and the Heritage Room which opened in 1983 with Dr I J van Zyl as director. Through the SABINET link-up with all the major libraries in South Africa, the Pieter Wessels Library has been an invaluable asset not only to staff and students, but to users of these other libraries as well. The holdings have exceeded the 90 000 mark.

Campus Life

Campus Ministries

Since it is a Seventh-day Adventist College, a major objective is to “make religion a personal experience in the life of each student, a practical religion which finds expression in the standards of conduct, in the attitudes and ideals, and in the development of a sense of individual responsibility for the betterment of mankind” (Principal M P Robison, College Clarion, 1932).

While the forms of spiritual activity have varied over the course of the years, the basic sources of spiritual nourishment have remained surprisingly constant – worship services in church, dormitory and chapel, and the quiet times of personal meditation and prayer. However, spiritual wholeness also requires the outward swing of the pendulum – from receiving to sharing. Helderberg students have never been at a loss for ways to serve. From the establishment of the Missionary Volunteer Society in the early days of Claremont Union College to the present, students have gained valuable experience in leadership as they have organised and run their own outreach activities to those in the community. In the early years there was the Medical Band which provided help to poor communities on Sabbath afternoons. Members of the Preaching Band would, before embarking on Sabbath outreach activities, collect the leftovers of Sabbath lunch at the staff homes on campus along with donations of fruit and vegetables to distribute among the needy in the neighbourhood. Singing groups would bring sunshine to patients in nearby hospitals and old age homes. These find their counterparts today in the form of soup kitchens in the squatter camps, outreach to Boys' Town and visiting the sick and elderly in hospitals and old age homes.

Physical Recreation
The harmonious development of all the student's abilities, including his or her physical wellbeing, has been the basis for the work programme in the history of Helderberg College. Three concepts from the book Education by E G White have served, since the inception of the College, as guidelines in formulating a manual work programme: (a) to demonstrate the true dignity of labour – and so students have been involved in all aspects of work; (b) to recognise that God is constantly at work – and so to fulfil our mission, we must also be involved in productive activity; and (c) to teach the discipline of systematic, well-regulated labour as an aid to sound development and sense of self-worth.

Each of the colleges mentioned above generated activities suitable to its time and circumstances. Claremont Union College had as their main activities sewing, cooking, carpentry, gardening, janitorial services, dairy farming, boot making, typesetting and printing (forerunner of the Southern Publishing Association), and assisting with health treatments. Some students worked at the nearby Claremont Sanitarium, and later the Plumstead Sanitarium. Students were required to work seven hours a week for which they received payment to help defray fees.

Spion Kop College continued the tradition and philosophy, but other activities achieved prominence. A great deal of building was done and so students were involved in brick making, carpentry, and building construction. On the extensive farm lands, they helped with gardening, milking and harvesting. The repair shop sharpened ploughs and repaired trucks. In addition there were particular enterprises to provide work for the students and an income for the College, such as the clothing factory in which some fourteen students worked. Payment for one completed buttonhole was one and a half pence. A nut butter factory was started to provide a non-dairy spread which was in harmony with the health principles of the College. Students were required to work 30 hours a month, for which they were paid.

During the Helderberg College era (from 1928), the number and variety of work opportunities increased. Of the various enterprises launched through the years, the farm is the only one that has maintained operations to the present time and continues to provide the College with an income through olive groves, fruit and vegetables, and pine forestry. In the early days, the students worked as brick makers, builders and carpenters to erect the various college buildings and homes. The new campus needed student workers to lay out gardens, trim hedges, and care for the appearance of the College. With the number of new buildings going up, there was a greater need for cleaning crews. The growing enrolment also meant more students were needed to work in the kitchen and dining room. In the laundry, the young ladies did the washing and ironing, at first by hand and later with more sophisticated equipment. The need for trained drivers increased as the College became more mechanised. The maintenance department was kept busy with plumbing, welding and electrical repairs.

The work activities have changed over the years, but it is still possible for a student to be exposed to a wide variety of activities, should he or she so choose. Today it is no longer compulsory to work a fixed number of hours on campus as in the past. However, exposure to practical work experience on or off campus is an integral part of the student's preparation for graduation. At present approximately a third of the students apply for work bursaries of 5–15 hours per week which enable them to earn up to a third of their fees. Through their work experiences on campus, many students have gained skills that have helped them contribute to building communities wherever they have gone. Many alumni have attributed their success in part to the effective time management, interpersonal skills and respect for productive work that they had learned while in college. And many are the alumni world-wide who can still on occasion recall with satisfaction the sound of the knock-off bell!

Student Clubs
Since the very origins of universities in the thirteenth century, students have organised themselves into clubs. Helderberg has been no exception. Through the years a wide variety of clubs, guilds, brigades and other organisations have come and gone.

Student organisations have always played an important role in the activities of the College. For a number of years the Department of Business Administration had AIESEC, a branch of the international business students' organisation, which provided a forum for involvement with students in other institutions. At one time they published a monthly magazine called Busblitz. In November 2008 the Business Faculty, under Dr Vincent Injety, published the first edition of Biz Voce. The Theology Forum is active in inviting speakers from many walks of life to address the students in that department. The faculty published a journal called the Ostraka for many years. The Secretarial Forum also arranges activities to provide enrichment of experience and expertise. Members of the Arts Forum help to fill social and academic needs both on and off campus. The SRC (Student Representative Council) liaises between students and the College administration and arranges numerous student activities like weekend camps, sports and entertainment programmes, and publishes the annual Parade and the weekly Indaba.

Ranking

Presidents of Helderberg College
Until 1974, the chief administrator of the College was known as the “Principal”. From 1975, this position was designated as “Rector”, and in 2001 it was changed to “President”.

Claremont Union College (1893 – 1917)

EB Miller, 1893 – 1894
Mrs A Druillard, 1895
Miss S Peck, 1896
JL Shaw, 1897 – 1900
A Ruble, 1901 – 1902
CH Hayton, 1902 – 1907
WS Hyatt, 1908
JF Olmstead, 1909
CP Crager, 1910 – 1915
WE Straw, 1916 – 1917

Spionkop College (First “South African Training School”) (1919 – 1927)

JI Robison, 1919
U Bender, 1920 – 1921
JD Stickle, 1922
ED Dick, 1923 - 1927

Helderberg College (First “African Missionary College”) (1928 -)

MP Robison, 1928 – 1933
G Shankel, 1934 – 1941
WE McClure, 1942 – 1954
EL Tarr, 1955 – 1961
PJ van Eck, 1961 – 1965
HE Marais, 1966 – 1972
AO Coetzee, 1973 – 1978
D Birkenstock, 1979 – 1995
DF Allen, 1996 – 2002 (June)
GT du Preez (acting), 2002 (July) – 2003 (March)
GM Ross, 2003 (March) – 2005 (June)
GT du Preez, 2005 (July) - 2010 (December)
TL Letseli, 2011 January
P Shongwe, June 2011 - 2013 (January)
VR Injety (Acting) January 2013 - June 2013
VR Injety June 2013 - current

Academic divisions
Helderberg College has three faculties:
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Business Studies
Faculty of Theology

Programmes Offered
Faculty of Arts

Bachelor of Arts in Communication with emphasis in Corporate Communication or Media Studies

Bachelor of Arts in Psychology with emphasis in Counseling or Industrial Psychology

Bachelor of Arts in History

Bachelor of Education in Foundation Phase Teaching

English Language Institute with certificates from Beginners to Advanced; TOEFL preparation

Faculty of Business

Higher Certificate in Office Management

Diploma in Business with emphasis on Accounting, Management or Marketing Management

Bachelor of Commerce in Accounting

Bachelor of Business Administration in Management

Bachelor of Commerce in Human Resource Management

Faculty of Theology

Bachelor of Arts in Theology

See also

 List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities
 Seventh-day Adventist education

External links
Helderberg College homepage

References

Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church
Category:Universities in the Western Cape
Category:Ellen G. White Estate
Category:1893 establishments in the Cape Colony


Sinking of MV Marina Baru 2B

The sinking of MV Marina Baru 2B occurred just after noon on 19 December 2015. The high speed vessel carrying 112 passengers and crew sank off the coast of Bone, South Sulawesi in inclement weather conditions. A nine-day search and rescue operation, conducted by authorities, successfully rescued 45 survivors and recovered 65 bodies from the sea. Twelve people were declared missing and presumed dead.

The sinking was the deadliest shipwreck of 2015 in Indonesia and one of the worst in South Sulawesi. Multiple survivors stated that rough waves managed to damage the ferry's hull and flooded the vessel.

On 8 March 2018, the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee published the final report. They blamed bad weather as the main cause of the disaster, producing waves higher than the safe limit height for the ferry, which is . Due to this, a massive amount of water quickly flooded the ferry. Contributing to the disaster were design flaws in the ferry's structure and the poor handling of the emergency by the crew.

Sinking
The ferry, MV Marina Baru 2B, was used for  regularly scheduled domestic ferry service from North Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi to Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. The service usually took about three hours. The ferry had a capacity of 184 passengers and crew members. On 19 December 2015, at 11:00 local time (UTC+8), the ferry departed Kolaka Harbor. Video footage taken by onlookers during the departure showed that the weather at the time was in good condition.

As the ferry passed Lambasina Island, the captain increased speed to around 20 knots. At approximately 12:30 local time, the ferry was in Bone Bay.

30 minutes later, the weather in the area started to deteriorate. Waves began to reach  and the wind became intense. Windspeeds at the time was recorded to be around . The captain chose to continue to Siwa and to decrease the speed of the ferry by . The ferry was repeatedly hit by rough waves and high winds causing the ship to roll violently. The captain struggled to maintain the control of the ferry and asked the crew to be on alert and to prepare the passengers for an emergency.

At 13:30 local time the crew heard a loud crack from the bow and the bulwark of the ferry started to separate. Moments later, the bulwark along with several objects on the forecastle deck broke free of the vessel. The Captain then ordered the crew to check on the lower decks and assessment the situation at the bow.

The crew quickly realized that water had flooded the passenger area of the lower deck and that passengers had already begun to panic. Quick examination revealed that water was entering the ferry through the bow door and the side passenger door. There were arguments between the crew on whether they should return to Kolaka or continue on to Wajo. The captain finally decided to return to Kolaka. As he was struggling for the controls, large amounts of water continued to enter and the ferry began taking on a heavy list.  Passengers recalled that the ferry reached an angle of approximately 30 degrees. Several passengers tried in vain to bail the water out by hand but were later overwhelmed by the amount of water.

The ferry, overwhelmed by wind, waves and water egress was finally stop by the captain and the order given to an abandon ship. At 14:20 local time, a distress transmission was sent to ground officers stating that the ferry was sinking and asking for immediate assistance. This was the last transmission from the ferry. The crew recalled that as they were evacuating the passengers, they only managed to inflate one life raft, while the other four were unusable. As a result, many passengers jumped into the sea without life vests and were swept away by the rough waves.

At 16:30 local time, approximately 3 hours after the start of the sinking, the ferry was completely submerged.

Search and rescue
The ground officers immediately contacted the Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency at 14:20 local time. Multiple government agencies were also contacted. In response to the emergency, officials in Siwa Harbor dispatched MV Marina Express 3 to the area. However, due to the rough waves and windy condition in the area, officials postponed the rescue operation. The captain of the vessel decided to return to Tobakul/Lasusua.

Officials later contacted the crew of MV New Camellia to observe the situation near the area where last contact had been made by MV Marina Baru 2B. However, the captain was unable to do so due to bad weather condition in the area. The search and rescue operation had to be called off by authorities due to the deteriorating weather condition.

The search and rescue operation was resumed on 20 December. Crisis center was set up in Siwa. Multiple ships and helicopter were dispatched to search survivors and victims. The Indonesian Armed Forces stated that they would participate in the rescue operation. On 06:00 local time the crew of MV Marina Express 3 managed to rescue 20 survivors. Two bodies were also recovered. Four survivors were later found by a local fisherman nearby. On 09:00 local time, a group of 14 survivors were rescued while a body was retrieved from the sea. The search and rescue operation was hampered by bad weather. During the operation, a search and rescue ship was damaged by rough waves.

On 21 December, Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency shifted the search area to the waters in North Kolaka and Kolaka, as the sea current would likely drift the passengers to the area. Most survivors were found in the area. The head of the Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency, Soelistyo, stated that he would observe the rescue effort and would visit the survivors and the relatives of the victims in the hospital. One survivor was found and was immediately evacuated to Djafar Harun Hospital. On the evening, authorities announced that 3 bodies, including 1 child and 1 infant, had been recovered and 70 people were still missing.

On 22 December, the search area was widened to Palopo. At least 783 search and rescue personnel were dispatched. The Captain of the ferry was found to have survived the sinking. He claimed that initially he was with another five people. However, they were later separated due to the strong waves. Another survivor was found floating on debris.  The rescue operation was called off due to high waves. Authorities announced that 4 bodies had been recovered.

On 23 December, local fishermen recovered seven bodies in Bulu Puloe. Another nine dead bodies were recovered by search and rescue personnel. On 24 December, 36 bodies were found. From 25 – 26 December, only one victim was recovered. Three victims were transported to Makassar for further identification. Authorities stated that 12 were still missing. The search and rescue effort was extended for three days. On 29 December 2015, the search and rescue operation was officially ended. 45 survivors were rescued, 65 bodies were recovered and 12 people were never found.

Passengers and crews
There were conflicting reports on the actual number of passengers and crews who boarded the ferry. Several media stated that around 118–125 people were on board. Officials later confirmed that there were 108 passengers and 4 crew on board. Among the dead were government officials from Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi and Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi.

Investigation

High waves
Most survivors stated that MV Marina Baru 2B sank due to the enormous height of the waves, which were as high as five meters.

Indonesian Meteorological Agency stated that they had warned the crews on the possibilities of high waves, with windspeed reaching as high as . They later added that officials who worked in the harbor where the ferry departed should've cancelled the trip. Examination on the radar data suggested that waves as high as  might have been formed due to the storm system throughout Bone Bay.

Interviews on the survivors confirmed that the waves managed to enter the ferry through the bow door and the side passenger door. The water then managed to travel to the engine compartment. The pumps, which were responsible for taking the water out from the ferry, were overwhelmed by the massive amount of water. The engine compartment was flooded and the engine was abruptly stopped.

The water then managed to move to the backup engine, which was located directly behind the main engine compartment. Water easily went through the door and flooded the backup engine. Both compartments were located at the back of the ferry, so the stern started to sink. The sinking of the stern caused more water to enter, which caused the last compartment, located behind the backup engine, to be flooded as well. As three compartments were flooded by water, the ferry was unable to float.

Design flaws
Testimonies gathered from the survivors revealed that water entered the ferry through the bow door. Additional testimonies were given by the crews, who claimed that before the sinking they heard a crack near the bridge. The investigation revealed that there was a divider in the structure of the bow. This divider was responsible to prevent any water from entering the passenger area. Nearby, there was an access door to the forecastle deck. Investigators noted that the seal and the locking mechanism on the door was poor. The force of the wave was propelled by the Captain's decision to move directly against the waves. Thus, the waves managed to tear open the access door, which was located on the forecastle deck of the ferry. The divider was proven to be not waterproof, and thus allowing water to enter to the passenger area.

Investigation revealed that most doors on MV Marina Baru 2B were not waterproof. The doors should've been equipped with waterproof seals. Additionally, the investigation team found that there was a window in the engine compartment. The no-glass window was located at a close proximity with the waterline. Investigators noted that any opening were prohibited in the engine compartment. The ventilation on the engine compartment was also located at a near proximity with the waterline. During the sinking, MV Marina Baru 2B rolled several times. Investigators noted that there was a high chance that water managed to enter the ferry through the openings.

Crew error and poor maintenance
Interviews from the survivors revealed that the survivors had to take their own initiatives to save the sinking ferry. Survivors claimed that, instead of the crews, the passengers were the one who managed the emergency, such as removing water from the ferry. There was no crowd control during the sinking, thus panic was not contained.

The investigation also noted that several life-rafts and life-jackets were unusable during the sinking. It was revealed that there was minimum maintenance and observation on the reliability of the life-saving equipment on board the ferry.

Aftermath
National Transportation Safety Committee issued 10 recommendations in response to the accident. The Ministry of Transportation stated that they would evaluate every ferry services in Kolaka. Jasa Raharja stated that they would compensate the victims and the survivors of the disaster.

See also
 Sinking of MV Dumai Express 10

References

Category:Shipwrecks of Indonesia
Category:2015 disasters in Indonesia


Uniejów

Uniejów  is a town in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3011 inhabitants (2017)., the seat of the local government of Gmina Uniejów.

The town lies in northwestern corner of Poddebice County, near the border with Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. Uniejów is famous for its Thermal Park and the 14th-century castle with a landscape park (), regarded as one of the best preserved and most beautiful parks of central Poland.

History
The history of the town dates back to the early years of Polish statehood. Mentioned as Uneievo in a bull of Pope Innocent II (1136), Uniejów is one of the oldest towns of Poland. At that time it belonged to the Archbishops of Gniezno, and received its town charter most likely before 1290. In the late 13th century, Archbishop Jakub Swinka founded Church of the Holy Spirit, and in 1331, Uniejów was burned by the Teutonic Knights. The town was rebuilt, and in the late 14th - early 15th century, it was a local center of commerce and crafts. For centuries, Uniejów enjoyed several privileges, granted to it by the Archbishops of Gniezno. In 1360-1365, a defensive castle was built here. It became one of residences of the Archbishops, here several councils and meetings took place.

Like many Polish cities, Uniejów declined after Swedish invasion of Poland. The castle was ransacked, and the town itself was burned. There also were two dangerous fires, in 1736 and 1790, and after the Congress of Vienna (1815), the town became part of  Russian-controlled Congress Poland, where it remained until World War One. In 1836, Uniejów was granted to a Tsarist General Aleksander Toll, and in 1870, it lost its town charter, becoming a village. In 1919 Uniejow again became a town.

In September 1939, during the Invasion of Poland, Polish units of Poznan Army resisted here the advancing Wehrmacht. During the heavy fighting, Uniejów was partially burned.

Currently, Uniejów is a popular spa and tourist destination, due to its landscape park and geothermal waters. The town has several restaurants, hotel located in the castle, and other amenities. There also are walking and bicycle trails. Among sights are Gothic castle (built in 1360-1365 by Archbishop Jaroslaw of Bogoria and Skotnik, restored in 1956-67), collegiate with a 14th-century Gothic presbytery, neo-Baroque church tower (1901), Classicistic manor house (1845). The village of Spycimierz, with its ancient Slavic gord, lies  away.

Thermal spa

Geothermal water exploited by Uniejów Municipality  has been used in balneotherapy since the 1990s. Positive opinions of people using the thermal bath, the natural and landscape potential of the Municipality, its tourist and recreational values prompted the local authorities to apply for the status of a health resort. The milestones :
 In 2008 the National Institute of Public Health -National Institute of Hygiene issued a certificate on the healing properties of water from the PIG / AGH-2 spring.
 In the same year, a certificate was issued confirming the healing properties of the Uniejów climate together with an assessment of bioclimatic conditions, as well as a climatic survey, developed by Stanisław Leszczycki Institute of Geography and Spatial Management – Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw  .
 Based on these documents in 2011, a positive opinion for Uniejów resort was issued - the main document of the spa resort.
 In the same year, the Minister of Health issued a decision confirming the possibility of spa treatment in the Municipality of Uniejów. The following  diseases can be treated here:  orthopedic and traumatic, nervous, rheumatological, peripheral nervous system, skin.
 In 2012, the Prime Minister signed a regulation on granting the status of a health resort to the town of Uniejów together with the villages of: Spycimierz, Spycimierz-Kolonia, Zieleń and Człopy.

Due to the fact that the basis for spa treatment in Uniejów is geothermal water, the town of Uniejów has been given the status of a "thermal spa".

Places of interest

 Uniejów Castle and castle park: the castle tower, the yard and the underground room are opened to visitors. Guided tours are available. The tower is accessible from April to the end of November. The visitors can take a walk through the 19th century English landscape garden with various nature monuments.

 The 14th-century collegiate church located near the market square. The elements that are of the greatest historic importance include the 14th-century cross-ribbed vaulting, and the bronze sarcophagus, dating back to 1666, of St. Bogumił. The chapel and the sarcophagus have been renovated recently. The archbishop’s relics are still kept in the collegiate. Near the church there is the 25-metre-high neo-Baroque bell tower.

 Uniejów Thermal Park : consists of a number of both outdoor and indoor thermal pools. The water temperature is 33°C in summer and 35°C in winter. The buildings are entirely heated with geo-thermal energy . Being the combination of both – a modern thermal spa resort and traditional aquapark – it is a perfect place for families. Uniejów Thermal Park was awarded in the prestigious “The Seven Wonders of Poland” competition which has been organized by the National Geographic Traveler (Polish edition). It is open to visitors 365 days in a year.

Gallery

References

External links

Official website of Uniejów municipality
Uniejów Thermal Spa

Category:Cities and towns in Łódź Voivodeship
Category:Poddębice County


Wallace Norman Rehfuss

Wallace Norman Rehfuss (November 26, 1876 – November 5, 1929) was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1925 to 1928 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

Early life and education
He was born in Conquerall Bank, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, the son of Philip Edward Rehfuss and Emma Elizabeth Ernst. Rehfuss was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and McGill University.

Career
Rehfuss served as a member of the town council for Bridgewater. He was a member of the province's Executive Council from 1925 to 1928. Rehfuss served as president of the Canadian Medical Association. He helped establish the Dawson Memorial Hospital in Bridgewater and served as chairman of its board of governors.

Death
Rehfuss died in Bridgewater at the age of 52.

Personal life
In 1906, he married Pauline DeWolfe Marshall.

References
 A Directory of the Members of the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, 1758-1958, Public Archives of Nova Scotia (1958)

Category:1876 births
Category:1929 deaths
Category:Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
Category:People from Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
Category:McGill University alumni
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni


Aero Cuahonte

Aero Cuahonte was a commuter airline based in Uruapan, Mexico, operating scheduled and chartered passenger flights out of Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport in Guadalajara. The airline was established and started operations in 1957, founded by Enrique Cuahonte and Marta Amezcua.

In 2007, Aero Cuahonte was shut down.

Destinations
Aero Cuahonte served the following destinations:
Guadalajara
Lázaro Cárdenas
Uruapan.

Fleet

At March 2007, the Aero Cuahonte fleet consisted of only one small Cessna 402C II aircraft.

Previously operated
1 Fairchild Metro II (at August 2006)
1 Fairchild Metro III (at January 2005)
 Dornier Do 228

References

Category:Defunct airlines of Mexico
Category:Airlines established in 1957
Category:Airlines disestablished in 2007


Alexandra Ovchinnikova

Alexandra Yakovlevna Ovchinnikova (sometimes translated as Aleksandra) (Russian: Александра Яковлевна Овчинникова) (1914–2009), a native Yakut, served as President of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.  A daughter of illiterate cattle-breeders west of Yakutsk, she became a road engineer.  She was named president of Yakutia, a largely ceremonial position, in 1963, and served until 1979.  She was succeeded by Yevdokiya Nikolayevna Gorokhova.  She died at age 95 in 2009.

References

Category:1914 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:People from Nyurbinsky District
Category:People from Yakutsk Oblast
Category:Yakut people
Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Category:Soviet women in politics
Category:20th-century women politicians
Category:Soviet people stubs


Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles

The Holy Spirit plays a key role in the Acts of the Apostles, leading to the use of the titles "Book of the Holy Spirit" or the "Acts of the Holy Spirit" for that book of the New Testament. Of the about seventy occurrences of the word Pneuma () in Acts, fifty five refer to the Holy Spirit.

Continuation of the ministry of Jesus
From the start, in Acts 1:2, the reader is reminded that the Ministry of Jesus, while he was on Earth, was carried out through the power of the Holy Spirit and that the "acts of the apostles" are the continuing acts of Jesus, facilitated by the Holy Spirit. Acts thus presents the Holy Spirit as the "life principle" of the early Church and provides five separate and dramatic instances of its outpouring on believers in Acts 2:1-4, Acts 4:28-31, Acts 8:15-17, Acts 10:44 and Acts 19:6.

Stephen in Acts 7 reproachfully exclaims to the Jewish authorities—see Sanhedrin trial of Jesus: "Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye." Acts 7:51—That means, as nobody ever told them before, they did not only resisted Yahweh or Jesus, while he was on Earth, but they resisted the Holy Spirit also thereafter! It reminds oneself about the sin against the Holy Spirit, which Jesus taught, that ascribing the miracles of Jesus to the Devil, it is resisting the Holy Spirit's work through the life of Jesus. The context of the unpardonable sin is best described in this passage:

"The scribes who came down from Jerusalem were saying, "He is possessed by Beelzebul," and "He casts out the demons by the ruler of the demons." And He called them to Himself and began speaking to them in parables, "How can Satan cast out Satan? If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. If a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand. If Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand, but he is finished! But no one can enter the strong man's house and plunder his property unless he first binds the strong man, and then he will plunder his house. "Truly I say to you, all sins shall be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they utter; but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin"—because they were saying, "He has an unclean spirit."" (Mark 3:22-30).

Jewish resistance
The resistance of the Jews against the Holy Spirit has already been taught by Jesus. This was like a surprise for the Jews, since they believed they had been following YHWH. They may have been following his name, but, not his Spirit and not Jesus teachings about Love God and your neighbor as yourself. They have followed the part of Deuteronomy, but not the second part of Leviticus (Deut.6:3;Lev.3:1 (NASB). Jesus was the first in history to bring the two Bible passages to the point! (Mark 12:30-31): "And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment. And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these." But if the young ruler knew it, why did the Pharisees and the Scribes not see it? They then were the same ones who stoned Stephen and instigated Herod to put James, brother of Jesus, to death by the sword (Eusebius writes: beheaded), Saint Peter into jail (Herod Agrippa , a pagan, nominally a Jew by the conversion to Judaism from before his grandfather's time, Herod the Great), and his nephew Herod Antipas had beheaded John the Baptist, and had Jesus sent back to Pontius Pilate, who was more favorable to Jesus than the Jews, but had to submit to the instigated crowd, because he wanted to let him go free at first (they were all converts form paganism to nominal Judaism, trying to please the Jews (Acts 12:3). So, the Herodians were resisting the Holy Spirit too.

Continuous Work
References to the Holy Spirit appear throughout Acts 1:5 and 8, stating towards the beginning: "For John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit ... ye shall receive power, when the Holy Spirit is come upon you" referring to the fulfillment of the prophecy of John the Baptist in Luke 3:16: "he shall baptize you in the Holy Spirit".

In addition to the Holy Spirit and in its impacts on the Book of Acts, this should include the Lord's direct communication to Paul the Apostle. This encounter had a very pivotal in terms of Paul's defense against the Roman Empire and Jewish authority empowered by the Holy Spirit. Several passages, for example, Acts 9:1-9, Acts 18:10, Acts 23:11, and Acts 27:23 all reveal a pneumatological element that reshapes the outcome of Paul's trial bending towards the prevailing of God's will rather than the agony of Paul's death.

References

Category:Holy Spirit
Category:People in Acts of the Apostles


Dr. Tangalanga

Julio Victorio De Rissio (10 November 1916 – 26 December 2013), better known by the stage name of Dr. Tangalanga, was a popular Argentine comedian known for his humorous prank phone calls to unsuspecting recipients.

Career
Born in the Balvanera neighbourhood of Buenos Aires to Italian Argentine immigrants, De Rissio worked in a shoe factory during his early years. He began making and recording prank calls in the mid-1960s to provide comic relief for a bedridden friend. Since 1989, he has released over 40 albums of collected calls, having sold over 250 thousand copies, arguably becoming the most famous prank call artist ever in the Spanish speaking world. He made extensive use of Argentine Lunfardo vernacular, and his tapes have been praised by critics as varied as humorist Carlos Loiseau and philosopher Alejandro Rozitchner.

Style
The general format of his jokes is to make a polite call requesting information about some product or service, to then randomly insult or otherwise antagonize the person on the other end in order to produce a verbal altercation or exchange of insults. Part of the humor is to use crude language in absurd contexts, exploiting the reactions of his victims and provoking their often agitated response.

In other cases, he begins the call with a fictitious complaint (although often based on real life anecdotes), regarding things that have supposedly happened to "his nephew." For example: "My nephew went to get two matafuegos (Spanish for fire extinguisher; literally: fire-killer) for the car, but they didn't kill the fire, they didn't even injure it."

Octavio Saga
Since 1998, Tangalanga made various calls to a gym management named Octavio, the first was in Dr. Tangalanga es mundial, then Octavio apparenced in severals compilations. The Octavio calls are 12 in total, with the last performed live in 2011.

Discography
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 1 (1989)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 2 (1990)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 3 (1990)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 4 (1990)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 5 (1991)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 6 (1991)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 7 (1991)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 8 (1992)
Los llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 9 (1993)
Los llamados inéditos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 1 (1994)
Los llamados inéditos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 2 (1995)
Los llamados inéditos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 3 (1995)
Los llamados inéditos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 4 (1996)
Dr. Tangalanga: Cuentos con amigos (1996)
Los mejores llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 1 (1996)
Los mejores llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 2 (1996)
Los mejores llamados telefónicos del Dr. Tangalanga vol. 3 (1997)
Los llamados de oro del Dr. Tangalanga (1997)
Dr. Tangalanga es mundial, first Octavio's appearance (1998)
Dr. Tangalanga en vivo (1998)
Dr. Tangalanga: Llamados violentos (1998)
Dr. Tangalanga: Cuentos con amigos (1998)
Dr. Tangalanga: Colección privada vol. 1 (1998)
Dr. Tangalanga: Colección privada vol. 2 (1998)
Dr. Tangalanga: Colección privada vol. 3 (1999)
Dr. Tangalanga: Colección privada vol. 4 (1999)
De parte de Tangalanga (2000-2001)
Tangalanga ataca de nuevo (2002)
¿En qué sentido me lo dice? (2002)
¿Me da su teléfono? (2003)
WANTED (por matar de risa) (comp. 1980 - 1999) (2003)
40 Años Currando - Solo editado en Mexico - Para el show del Hard Rock Cafe, only released in Mexico (2004)
Tangalanga en México (2004)
Maestro 2005 (2005)
10 de noviembre de 2006 La Trastienda Club (Official Bootleg) (2006)
Noventa pirulos y todavía te rompo (2006)
Rioplatense (2006)
Te sobra un número (2007)
¿Me puedo tomar confianza? (2007)
¡Olé, olé, olé! ¡Doctor! ¡Doctor! (2008)
Mil gracias Uruguay (2008)
Dr. Tangalanga: Colección privada vol. 5 (comp.) (2009)
Dr. Tangalanga: Trapisondas (2010)
Dr. Tangalanga: cuentos con amigos 2 (2010)
Dr. Tangalanga: Tejemanejes (2011)

External links
 Official website

References
90 Tangalangas (Página/12).
"Tal vez ya sea un poco conocido" (Clarín).
Argentina answers to the crazy call of Dr. Tangalanga, Matt Moffett. Wall Street Journal. December 15, 2007.

Category:1916 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:20th-century Argentine writers
Category:20th-century Argentine male writers
Category:Argentine comedians
Category:Argentine people of Italian descent
Category:Prank calling
Category:Pranksters
Category:Pseudonymous writers
Category:Writers from Buenos Aires


A Matter of Customs

A Matter of Customs (; Cantonese: Lui Ting Dai Yat Kwan) is a TVB program in Hong Kong starring Liza Wang, Danny Lee, Wong Hei and Jessica Hsuan. The story is about customs agents in Hong Kong.

Plot
The story revolves around a customs team consisting originally of Sek (Evergreen Mak), Queenie (Fiona Leung), Heung (Jade Leung) and two others. Moon (Jessica Hsuan) is transferred to Ming's (Liza Wang) division. Kong (Wong Hei) also joins the team as captain.

Ming suddenly finds herself falling for Shan (Danny Lee), a distinguished man in the publishing industry. At work, she is a role model to her most trusted subordinates Kong and Moon.

Kong and Moon eventually fall in love with each other. But their fiery personalities soon clash and they end up breaking up.

They both move on with different people but both end up in failure.

Ming eventually gets together with Shan, but things get complicated when Shan's ex-girlfriend Kwun returns trying to get back together with him. Ming later finds that Shan involved in illegal drug practices.

Kong and Moon
[Wong Hei and Jessica Hsuan]

Jessica gets transferred to her Aunt in Law's [Liza Wang] division, because she demonstrated her ability to work with suspects. Wong Hei just so happens to be transferred to the same team as captain of the team, previously CID. He is a loner, cold to everyone. Jessica tries to help him be more open, She asks him to drive her to work everyday on her motorcycle. He eventually agrees when she buys herself her own helmet. On one her first real operation she chases a criminal down but gets stab with an injection needle of the criminal who has AIDS. Jessica is horrified at the thought of possibility that she too may have contracted it. In front of her family and others she tries to be strong, but when they all leave she breaks down and runs out. Wong Hei chases after her, and he comforts her telling that she is not responsible for her family that she cannot take care of his girlfriend. Over time, Jessica sees that they are completely different people and they cannot be together. She breaks from him; also finding out that her heart has always been with Wong Hei.

Wong Hei during an operation he accidentally shoots Queenie. He is unable to cope with the fact that he had shot and killed another person, his own team member. Yet again Jessica tries to comfort him, but he waters and shoots Jacky in the head, instantly killing her. Wong Hei is grabbing to the side of the boat. They both smile at each other, and Wong Hei lets go and vanishes into the murky waters of the harbor. Jessica frantically searches for him in vain even when they try to bring her up on the boat, but

The series ended with many unanswered questions including if Kong die and what the numbers he gave Shan. So TVB aired the MV of the series subtheme song "To Love Like the Sea" sung by Wong Hei. The MV stars Jessica Hsuan.

The hidden meaning to the numbers 14237348 was revealed in the MV. The numbers are the coordinates to the place that he buried a letter to Jessica.

The letter states:

Moon,

I heard that when you die, each person gets a second to review their whole life, but I got an extra second and that second totally belongs to you.
Don't be sad for me, please let me die.

This tells Moon that he was lying before when he said that he didn't love her. But that she was the one in his heart the whole time. It also reveals that it is most likely that he let go of the boat on purpose. Earlier it was said by Wong Hei that he didn't deserve happiness. So he let go, but this is one interpretation of the MV, and many argue otherwise.

At the end of the MV Jessica runs out of the sea screaming NO, and Wong Hei is there in the sea and they hold hands. There are two versions of it, one is a far view of Wong Hei and Jessica side-by-side holding hands in the sea. The other is the close up of the hands; this is significant to the series.

Cast
Liza Wang as Ming Lui Fuk-ming (呂馥明)
Danny Lee as Tao Ling-shan (涂令山)
Wong Hei as Lam Chi Kong (林志剛)
Jessica Hester Hsuan as Moon  Fung Moon-fan (馮滿芬)
Raymond Cho as Lam Chi-kit (林志傑)
Melissa Ng as Pao Kei-kwan (鮑紀君)
Jade Leung as Pao Kei-heung (鮑紀香)
Evergreen Mak Cheung-ching as Lee Chu-shek (李柱碩)
Fiona Yuen as Queenie Siu Yuk-kwai (蕭玉桂)
Benz Hui as Lam Yat-bun (林一斌)
Felix Lok as Luk Kam-ho (陸錦濠)
Joyce Tang as Elsa Wan Pui-ling (尹佩玲)
Shirley Cheung as Kung Siu-yau (恭小柔)

Awards and nominations

2000 TVB Anniversary Awards
Nominated: My Favourite Leading Actor of the Year (Wong He)
Nominated: My Favourite Television Character (Wong He)
Nominated: My Favourite Leading Actress of the Year (Jessica Hsuan) - Top 5
Won: My Favourite Television Character (Jessica Hsuan)

2001 Next TV Awards
Top 10 TV Programs (Ranked #6)

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061120154928/http://www.fortunecity.com/lavender/polanski/795/summaries/customs.htm - Episodes Summaries

|align="center" colspan="4"|Before:Street Fighters - September 1
|align="center" colspan="4"|TVB Jade Second line series 2000A Matter of CustomsSeptember 4 - October 13
|align="center" colspan="4"|Next:The Green HopeOctober 16 -
|-
|align="center" colspan="4"|Before:None
|align="center" colspan="4"|TVB Jade The Final Episode Special - Sunday at 21:00-23:00A Matter of CustomsOctober 15
|align="center" colspan="4"|Next:None

Category:TVB dramas
Category:2000 Hong Kong television series debuts
Category:2000 Hong Kong television series endings


Morris Institute Dairy Barn

The Morris Institute Dairy Barn was a historic barn in rural White County, Arkansas.  It was located on the campus of the Morris Institute, northwest of Searcy off Arkansas Highway 320.  It was a two-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof that was extended over a single-story extension on one side.  Its internal arrangement was unusual, with a central drive that was intersected at one point by another drive extending into the shed section.  Built about 1930, it was the county's best example of a Depression-era dairy barn.

The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.  It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in White County, Arkansas

References

Category:Barns on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Category:Buildings and structures in White County, Arkansas
Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Arkansas
Category:Barns in Arkansas
Category:National Register of Historic Places in White County, Arkansas


Mieschke Hofmann und Partner

Mieschke Hofmann und Partner GmbH (MHP) is a global consultancy based in Ludwigsburg, Germany, specializing in IT and process consulting in the automotive and manufacturing sectors.  Porsche has held an equity stake in the firm since 1999, starting at 49% and increasing over time to the current 81.8%. MHP has experienced sustained growth since its inception in 1996.

History
The firm was initially established in May 1996 by Ralf Hofmann and Lutz Mieschke.  The idea was to provide consulting services combining both business process optimization as well as IT services, with SAP software being the primary concentration of the IT services offering.  In January 1999, Porsche AG began its equity investment at 49% and MHP became their primary IT service partner.  At this point the company is known as "MHP - A Porsche Services Company". In March 2002, Porsche increased its stake to 51% and MHP became a subsidiary of Porsche AG. In June 2003, Porsche further increased its investment to 74.8% and once again in 2011 to its current level of 81.8%.  CEO Dr.-Ing Hofmann holds the remaining 18.2% ownership stake.

Services
The primary focus of consulting services is on the automotive industry (OEM's, suppliers, dealers and importers). Industry award-winning strategic innovations have been applied to clients in other industries.

At the international level MHP advises its clients both strategically and operationally.

Locations.
Clients are supported by more than 1500 employees at 12 offices in:

 Germany
 Ludwigsburg (Headquarters, 2 locations)
Film- und Medienzentrum
Schlossgut Harteneck
 Stuttgart
 Walldorf
 Munich
 Nuremberg
 Essen
 Wolfsburg
 Berlin
 Frankfurt am Main

 SwitzerlandMieschke Hofmann und Partner (Schweiz) AG
 Zürich

 United StatesMHP Americas Inc.
 Atlanta - co-located at Porsche Cars North America headquarters

 RomaniaMHP Consulting Romania SRL
 Cluj-Napoca
 Timișoara

 ChinaMHP (Shanghai) Management Consultancy Co. Ltd.
 Shanghai

 United KingdomMHP Consulting UK Limited
 Birmingham

Corporate Social Responsibility

For over a decade, MHP has sustainably supported social projects and facilities through its internal program MHPCares.  Projects are in areas that have a direct relation to the employees or their families. Employees are encouraged to participate in several of these on a volunteer basis.  Some examples include:
 Children's Cardiac Centre – “Olgäle Foundation” Stuttgart
 Ludwigsburger Schlossfestspiele
 MHP University Prize - a scholarship for Business Informatics students at Reutlingen University
 Formula Student Combustion “Green Team Stuttgart” engineering competition

Sponsorships
In September 2012 MHP secured the 10-year naming rights for the Arena Ludwigsburg - now known as MHPArena.  As of the 2013-14 season MHP is also the naming rights sponsor of the Bundesliga Basketball team MHPRIESEN Ludwigsburg.

Other sponsorships include:
 Match Race Germany at Lake Constance
 Ritz-Carlton Dragon Boat Cup
 RGH Heidelberg Rugby Youth Teams

References

Category:1996 establishments in Germany


Sergio Samitier

Sergio Samitier Samitier (born 31 August 1995 in Barbastro) is a Spanish cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . He has previously ridden for Lizarte, and . In August 2019, he was named in the startlist for the 2019 Vuelta a España.

Major results
2016
 4th Time trial, National Under–23 Road Championships
2017
 2nd Time trial, National Under–23 Road Championships
2019
  Combativity award Stage 15 Vuelta a España

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

References

External links

Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Spanish male cyclists
Category:Vuelta a España cyclists
Category:Aragonese sportspeople


Terry A. D. Strickland

Terry A. D. Strickland (born February 15, 1992) is an American who is charged for the murder of two men in July 2016. On December 15, 2016, Strickland was added to the FBI's Top Ten Most Wanted list. Strickland was arrested in El Paso, Texas on January 15, 2017.

Capture
Strickland was arrested in El Paso, Texas on January 15, 2017 by city FBI agents and policemen. He was apprehended without incident during a traffic stop at 5:10 a.m. MT and booked into the El Paso county jail. The FBI's public tip line was contacted earlier in the month suggesting that Strickland was living in the city.

See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared

References

External links
FBI Top 10 profile of Terry A D Strickland

Category:1992 births
Category:2016 murders in the United States
Category:American murderers
Category:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
Category:Living people


Volcán de Fuego

Volcán de Fuego  (; Spanish for "Volcano of Fire", often shortened to Fuego) or Chi Q'aq' (Kaqchikel for "where the fire is") is an active stratovolcano in Guatemala, on the borders of Chimaltenango, Escuintla and Sacatepéquez departments. It sits about  west of Antigua, one of Guatemala's most famous cities and a tourist destination. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, most recently in June and November 2018.

Fuego is famous for being almost constantly active at a low level. Small gas and ash eruptions occur every 15 to 20 minutes, but larger eruptions are rare. Andesite and basalt lava types dominate, and recent eruptions have tended to be more mafic than older ones.

The volcano is joined with Acatenango and collectively the complex is known as La Horqueta.

Early expeditions
In 1881, French writer Eugenio Dussaussay climbed the volcano, then practically unexplored. First, he needed to ask for permission to climb from the Sacatepéquez governor, who gave him a letter for the Alotenango mayor asking for his assistance with guides to help the explorer and his companion, Tadeo Trabanino.  They wanted to climb the central peak, unexplored at the time, but could not find a guide and had to climb to the active cone, which had a recent eruption in 1880.

British archeologist Alfred Percival Maudslay climbed the volcano on 7 January 1892.  Here is how he described his expedition:

Notable eruptions

1717 destruction of Santiago de los Caballeros

The strongest earthquakes experienced by the city of Santiago de los Caballeros before its final move in 1776 were the San Miguel earthquakes in 1717. In the city, people also believed that the proximity of the Volcán de Fuego (English: Volcano of Fire) was the cause of earthquakes; the great architect Diego de Porres even said that all the earthquakes were caused by volcano explosions.

On 27 August there was a strong eruption of Volcán de Fuego, which lasted until 30 August; the residents of the city asked for help to Santo Cristo of the Cathedral and to the Virgen del Socorro who were sworn patrons of the Volcan de Fuego. On 29 August a Virgen del Rosario procession took to the streets after a century without leaving her temple, and there were many more holy processions until 29 September, the day of San Miguel. Early afternoon earthquakes were minor, but at about 7:00 pm there was a strong earthquake that forced residents to leave their homes; tremors and rumblings followed until four o'clock. The neighbors took to the streets and loudly confessed their sins, bracing for the worst.

The San Miguel earthquake damaged the city considerably, to the point that some rooms and walls of the Royal Palace were destroyed. There was also a partial abandonment of the city, food shortages, lack of manpower and extensive damage to the city infrastructure; not to mention numerous dead and injured. These earthquakes made the authorities consider moving to a new city less prone to seismic activity. City residents strongly opposed the move, and even took to the Royal Palace in protest; in the end, the city did not move, but the number of elements in the Army Battalion to safeguard the order was considerable. The damage to the palace was repaired by Diego de Porres, who finished repairs in 1720; although there are indications that there were more jobs done by Porres until 1736.

In 1773, the Santa Marta earthquakes destroyed much of the town, which led to the third change in location for the city. The Spanish Crown ordered, in 1776, the removal of the capital to a safer location, the Valley of the Shrine, where Guatemala City, the modern capital of Guatemala, now stands. This new city did not retain its old name and was christened Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción (New Guatemala of the Assumption), and its patron saint is Our Lady of the Assumption. The badly damaged city of Santiago de los Caballeros was ordered abandoned, although not everyone left, and was thereafter referred to as la Antigua Guatemala (the Old Guatemala).

Eruption of 3 June 2018

Beginning in 2002, the Volcán de Fuego entered a new active period, with more or less continuous activity, interspersed with monthly eruptive episodes. These episodes would typically send ash falling on communities within 20km of the volcano, and lava flows about 1-2km from the summit, and the occasional pyroclastic density current.

On 3 June 2018, the volcano suddenly produced its most powerful eruption since 1974. Large pyroclastic density currents were produced that over-topped the barranca boundaries they had previously been confined to and unexpectedly hit El Rodeo, Las Lajas, San Miguel Los Lotes, and La Reunión villages in Escuintla, which buried the towns and killed many of the surprised residents. Later, 18 bodies were found in the village of San Miguel Los Lotes.
Members of the Shriners International fraternity met six of over fifty burned children, ages 1-16, that were sent from Guatemala to the Shriners Hospital in Galveston, Texas and accompanied by 5 guardians for receiving the appropriate and medical treatment.

Ash fall extended as far as the capital, Guatemala City forcing the closure of La Aurora International Airport.
The military assisted in clearing ash off of the runway. Rescue attempts were seriously hampered as routes into the affected regions were seriously damaged by the pyroclastic density currents..
On 5 June, Associated Press reported that at least 99 people are dead and nearly 200 others unaccounted for following the eruption, while some Shriners hospitals were activated for new entries.

Gallery

See also

 List of volcanoes in Guatemala
 List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

References

Bibliography

External links

 Map to Volcano
 Global Volcanism Program
 YouTube Video of the eruption on 3 June 2018

Volcan de Fuego
Category:Sierra Madre de Chiapas
Category:Stratovolcanoes of Guatemala
Category:Subduction volcanoes
Category:Active volcanoes
Volcan de Fuego
Volcan de Fuego
Category:VEI-4 volcanoes


Omiostola basiramula

Omiostola basiramula is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Colombia.

The wingspan is about 24 mm for males and 26 mm for females. The forewings are brown, mixed with whitish grey along the median cell and towards the tornus. The apex is browner with a slight purple hue. The hindwings are brown.

Etymology
The species name refers to the presence of a dark forewing marking and is derived from Greek basis (meaning the base) and Latin ramula (meaning a small branch).

References

Category:Moths described in 2011
Category:Olethreutini
Category:Taxa named by Józef Razowski


North Platte National Wildlife Refuge

North Platte National Wildlife Refuge is located in the U.S. state of Nebraska and includes 5,047 acres (20.42 km2). Managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the refuge is broken into four separate sections that are superimposed on U.S. Bureau of Reclamation–managed lakes and reservoirs. Together with the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, the two refuges form the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge Complex.

Within the refuge is the longest continuously used bald eagle nesting site in the state of Nebraska. Since 1994, an average of two eaglets per year have been produced from this one nest alone. During fall migrations, 200,000 ducks, Canada geese, herons, and other waterfowl are known to use the refuge when migrating south. Since 1975, over 200 species of birds have been reported, which makes this refuge one of the finest for bird watching in the U.S. Pronghorn, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, along with raccoon, coyote, beaver, swift fox, river otter, prairie dog, and bobcat are some of the 40 species of mammal known to inhabit the refuge. Sport fishing is popular, with largemouth bass, walleye, and yellow perch considered the best game species.

The main section of the refuge is located 8 miles (12.87 km) northwest of Scottsbluff, Nebraska, the principal city of the Scottsbluff Micropolitan Statistical Area. The refuge consists of multiple lakes, most notably Lake Minatare, part of the Lake Minatare State Recreation Area.

See also
 Lake Minatare Lighthouse

References

External links

Category:National Wildlife Refuges in Nebraska
Category:Protected areas of Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
Category:Protected areas established in 1916
Category:1916 establishments in Nebraska


Nabis americoferus

Nabis americoferus, the common damsel bug, is a species of damsel bug in the family Nabidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

References

Further reading

Category:Nabidae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Insects described in 1961


Dysoptus argus

Dysoptus argus is a species of moth in the family Arrhenophanidae. It has a wide range in lowland wet forests of the Amazonian Region of northern South America from southern Venezuela and Guyana to Peru and Brazil.

The length of the forewings is 5.5–7.2 mm for males and 10.1–12 mm for females. Adults are on wing in November and from February through June.

The larvae feed on Fomes species.

Pupa
The pupa has a length of about 8 mm and is similar to Arrhenophanes perspicilla in chaetotaxy except with SV bisetose on A3-A6. The cremasteral spines are minute and slightly
more raised and acute than in A. perspicilla.

Larval case
The larval case has a length of about 11 mm and a maximum width of 3.5 mm. It is cylindrical with thick, tough walls which are lined internally with dense, white silk. It is covered externally with brownish, matted silk and minute plant fragments.

Etymology
The specific name is derived from the Greek argus (white), in reference to the predominantly whitish color of this species.

External links
Family Arrhenophanidae

Category:Dysoptus
Category:Taxa named by Donald R. Davis (entomologist)


In Your Letter

"In Your Letter" is a song written by Gary Richrath that was first released on REO Speedwagon's 1980 album Hi Infidelity.  It was released as the fourth single from the album and just made the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at #20. It also reached #26 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. It also had some chart success in Canada, reaching #34.

Lyrics and music
Richrath was inspired to write the song based on a real life incident.  According to band member Kevin Cronin, at the end of a tour fellow band member Neal Doughty came home to find on the kitchen table a letter from his wife informing him that she had left him for another man.  The other man turned out to be the person who supplied the band with their "illegal substances."  According to Cronin, Doughty's response to the letter was "I’m really gonna miss that guy."   Casandra Armour of vintagerock.com says that lyrics contain "cutting accusations with cruel alliteration like 'But you hid behind your poison pen and his pride' and 'You could have left him only for an evening let him be lonely.'""

Cronin has stated that the original version of the song very simple, very almost like ‘50s doo-wop melody and chord structure.  The original chord structure was  G Major, E Minor, C Major, D Major, similar to the Beatles' "This Boy" among many other songs.

The music of "In Your Letter" is a throwback to songs of the 1950s and 1960s.  Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine describes it as a "sun-kissed '60s homage."  Philippa Hawker of The Age describes it as "a grimly uptempo 60s style whinge."  Leslie Michele Derrough of Glide Magazine describes it as sounding like a "1950s sock hop."  Gerald Martineez described the song as "an uptempo tune about an angry lover complaining of the way he was dumped."  Armour described the music as having a "dizzying doo-wop feel."  Hawkins also noted a stylistic similarity with the Pointer Sisters' song "Should I Do It" from their 1981 Black & White album.  In a demo version released on the 30th anniversary version of Hi Infidelity the guitar part has some rockabilly feel.

Reception
Erlewine calls "In Your Letter" a "great album track."  KRTH program director Bob Hamilton felt that "In Your Letter" was "the most mass appeal cut" on Hi Infidelity and "the strongest cut on the album."  Epic Records had originally wanted "In Your Letter" to be the follow-up single to the #1 "Keep on Loving You" until the band insisted that "Take It On The Run" should be the 2nd single from Hi Infidelity.    Upon Richrath's death in 2015, Guitar Aficionado included "In Your Letter" as one of his top 10 finest moments with the band.  Several of Richrath's obituaries acknowledged the song as one of REO Speedwagon's biggest hits.  But Hawker complains that the song "is only bearable if you find the phrase 'In your letter, ooh ooh, in your letter' so filled with significance that you are happy to hear it repeated many, many times."

In Your Letter was included on several of REO Speedwagon's compilation albums, including The Essential REO Speedwagon.  It has also been included on multi-artist compilations such as Spring Chant – 14 Songs for First Lobe in 1995.

Randy & the Rainbows covered "In Your Letter" on their 1995 compilation  album You're Only Young Twice: Ambient Sound.

This song also later appeared on Gary Richrath's 1992 album Only the Strong Survive

Personnel
REO Speedwagon
Kevin Cronin – lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Gary Richrath – lead guitar
Bruce Hall – bass, backing vocals
Neal Doughty – keyboards
Alan Gratzer – drums, backing vocals

Charts

Cover versions
In 1982 the doo-wop group Randy and the Rainbows covered the song. It was featured on their album C'mon Let's Go.

References

External links

Category:REO Speedwagon songs
Category:1980 songs
Category:1981 singles
Category:Songs written by Gary Richrath
Category:Song recordings produced by Kevin Beamish
Category:Epic Records singles
Category:Song recordings produced by Gary Richrath
Category:Song recordings produced by Kevin Cronin