Lloyd Upsdell

Lloyd Upsdell is a Paralympian athlete from Great Britain competing mainly in category T35 sprint events.

Lloyd competed successfully at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney taking gold in both the T35 100m and 200m before combining with his British teammates to win a silver medal in the T38 Relay.  Four years later were not quite as successful attempting to defend his two gold medals he ended up only winning a bronze in the 200m.

External links
 profile on paralympic.org

Category:Paralympic athletes of Great Britain
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Category:Paralympic gold medalists for Great Britain
Category:Paralympic silver medalists for Great Britain
Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for Great Britain
Category:British male sprinters
Category:Living people
Category:Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Category:Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Welsh Music History

Welsh Music History / Hanes Cerddoriaeth Cymru is published by the University of Wales Press on behalf of the Centre for Advanced Welsh Music Studies, Bangor University.  It is a biennial bilingual journal contain academic articles and reviews relating to Welsh music and music in Wales.

It is being digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.

External links
Volume 1, 1996
Volume 2, 1997
Volume 3, 1999
Volume 4, 2000
Volume 5, 2002
Volume 6, 2004

Category:Welsh magazines
Category:Publications with year of establishment missing
Category:Music journals
Category:Multilingual journals
Category:Bangor University
Category:Welsh music history


Round the Bend (album)

Round the Bend is an album by American jazz saxophonist Rob Brown recorded in 2001 and released on the French Bleu Regard label. It features a trio with bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith.

Reception

In his review for AllMusic, Glenn Astarita states "The band sustains a flexible disposition via fragmented rhythmic exercises and Brown's homogenous blend of soul-stirring choruses and verbose dialogues."
The All About Jazz review by John Kelman notes that "The interplay, especially between Parker and Brown, is strong; this is free playing with a purpose, a sense of direction, and a sense of construction."

Track listing
All compositions by Rob Brown except as indicated
 "Lampost Ring" – 9:52
 "Ripples – 9:34
 "Unwind" – 10:20
 "A Flower is a Lovesome Thing" (Billy Strayhorn) – 12:08
 "Loaded Hand" –9:24
 "A Whirl" – 2:48
 "Unfurling" – 10:27

Personnel
Rob Brown – alto sax
William Parker  – bass
Warren Smith – drums

References

Category:2002 albums
Category:Rob Brown (saxophonist) albums


The Deadly Dinner Party

The Deadly Dinner Party and Other Medical Detective Stories (2009, ) is a nonfiction book by Jonathan A. Edlow MD about medical mysteries published by Yale University Press. The book relates stories of everyday people caught up in medical crises which take deduction and detective work to solve, and to determine a correct diagnosis. The book has been compared to the "medical mystery" books of Berton Roueché.

See also
Diagnosis
Medical ethics
How Doctors Think
Fatal Care: Survive in the U.S. Health System

External links
Review of book in The New York Review of Books (November 5, 2009)
Review in New Scientist (October 11, 2009)
Yale University Press

Category:2009 non-fiction books
Category:Medical books
Category:Yale University Press books


Allan A. Swenson

Allan Armstrong Swenson (born December 26, 1933) is an author, literary agent and master gardener. He  worked for over 25 years as a nationally syndicated newspaper columnist and radio-TV personality, and is the author of more than 50 books.

Early life
Swenson was born in Clifton, New Jersey, to Harold Oscar and Amy Tudor Dugdale Swenson.
As a boy, he was a very active member of the 4-H Club. Swenson earned his Phi Beta Kappa Key at Rutgers University, where he received a BA degree in Journalism.

Career
Following graduation, Swenson became a radio and television writer at WNBC in New York for the Phil Alampi shows.

Swenson was recruited into Army Intelligence while a Cadet Colonel of the Army ROTC at Rutgers University. He served as an Intelligence Officer, holding the rank of Captain, during active duty with the 525 MI Group and with the XVIII Airborne Corps during the 1950s. From this background, Swenson wrote his Guide to the CIA and Guide to National Security.

After leaving the military, Swenson became a writer in New York City, working as a copywriter and an account executive for the advertising agencies Albert Sidney Noble and Dancer-Fitzgerald-Sample. Swenson formed his own Public Relations Agency in NYC in the 1960s, serving clients including American Cyanamid, Topper Toys, Eastern Airlines, and Shell Chemical.

During this time, and for more than 25 years, Swenson wrote a gardening column for NEA-United Media which appeared in more than 200 papers nationwide.

Swenson founded Camp America and created its nationwide Fly In-Camp Out program. With outfitters in major cities, his organization enabled families to fly from their home areas, rent van campers or motor homes and explore outdoor America. He later sold the organization to Winnebago Industries.

Based on his ongoing gardening columns, Swenson became an author and wrote more than 50 books published by Doubleday, Random House, McMillan, Penguin and other publishers. His series of Plants of the Bible, Herbs of the Bible and Foods Jesus Ate led to his periodic appearance on television programs, including the 700 Club. He also wrote the Inflation Fighter’s Victory Garden; Inflation Fighters Preserving Guide; Plan Your Own Landscape; Landscape You Can Eat; and dozens of specialty garden books.  He also wrote the L.L. Bean Canoeing Handbook, which is held by more than 400 libraries around the world.

For young readers, Swenson wrote a book series including World Beneath Your Feet, World Above Your Head and World In A Tidal Pool. Under his pen name for children’s books, Virginia Langley, he authored Hurray for Christopher Cat about a Maine Coon cat, Thar She Blows about a whale-watching trip, Babes in the Woods about baby animals and their habitats, and several others.

Over the years, Swenson appeared on various network TV shows about his books, including appearing as Dr. Plant on the syndicated Good Day Show and as the Good Growing Guy on Good Morning America. He then created his own Gardener’s Notebook TV series for syndication. Before moving to Maine with his family in 1974, Swenson had his own radio show on 400 stations of the Mutual Radio Network from New York City which also was carried by independent stations.

After moving to Maine, Swenson created a Book Division for the Gannett Publishing Company. Among the authors of the eighty books he published during his ten-year tenure as Editor-in-Chief were Bill Caldwell and Marjorie Standish.

Swenson wrote extensively for, and attended, the Leif Ericson Millennium in 2000 in Greenland. Following this, he wrote many articles about Norse history for a wide range of Scandinavian-America publications. In recognition of his work honoring early Scandinavian culture, Swenson was honored by the king and queen of Denmark.

At the age of 70, Swenson, with his wife Sheila, began speaking and giving slide shows on cruise ships of Royal Caribbean, Celebrity, Norwegian, and Princess Cruise Lines about his books as well as about ports of call in the Caribbean, Baltic and other areas. Later they gave presentations about their travels to residents at senior centers and retirement facilities in Maine and New Hampshire.

Associations
Swenson is a member of the Overseas Press Club, affiliated with the National Press Club and Deadline Club.  He also was a long time member of the Garden Writers Association.  He helped found both the New England and Maine Chapters of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers.

Personal life
Swenson and his wife Sheila raised four boys: Peter, Drew, Boyd and Meade who all live nearby in Maine with their families.

Bibliography

Swenson, Allan A  The Ships, Sagas, and Explorations of the Vikings   Skyhorse (September 13, 2014)
Swenson, Allan A  Foods Jesus Ate and How to Grow Them  Skyhorse (February 15, 2011)
Swenson, Allan A  Great Growing at Home  Taylor Trade(January 28, 2008)
Swenson, Allan A  Praising the Gifts of God  Citadel (September 1, 2005)
Swenson, Allan A  Herbs of the Bible  Citadel (May 1, 2003)  Illustrations by Peter Jon Swenson
Swenson, Allan A  The Everything Landscaping Book  Adams Media Corporation (March 2003)
Swenson, Allan A  The Everything Gardening Book  Adams Media Corporation (March 2003)
Benson, Michael; Coulson, Daniel O and Swenson, Allan  The Complete Idiot's Guide to National Security Alpha (October 7, 2003)
Swenson, Allan A  Flowers of the Bible: And How to Grow Them  Citadel (October 1, 2002)
Swenson Allan and Benson Michael  The Complete Idiot's Guide to the CIA  Alpha (August 1, 2002)I
Swenson, Allan A  L.L.Bean Canoeing Handbook  Lyons (July 1, 2000)
Swenson, Allan; Swenson, Boyd and Fink, Kathy  Rural York County, ME  Arcadia (June 6, 1995)
Swenson, Allan A  Plants of the Bible: And How to Grow Them  Citadel (June 1, 2000)
Swenson, Allan A  The Gardener's Book of Berries  Lyons (February 1, 1994)
Swenson, Allan A  Fruit Trees for the Home Gardener  Lyons (October 1, 1994)
Swenson, Allan A  Your Biblical Garden: Plants of the Bible and How to Grow Them  Doubleday (January 1981)
Swenson, Allan A  Bush country by George!  Gannett (1981)
Swenson, Allan A  Secrets of a Seashore  Gannett (June 1981)
Swenson, Allan A  Wood Heat  Fawcett (January 12, 1980) ISBN 978 -0449142486
Swenson, Allan A  The world within the tidal pool  McKay (1979)
Swenson, Allan A  100 Oldtime Roses for Gardens of Today  McKay (1979)
Swenson, Allan A  The world beneath your feet: Animals that live underground  McKay (1978) 5
Swenson, Allan A  Plan Your Own Landscape  Grosset & Dunlap (1978)
Swenson, Allan A  The Gardener's Almanac  Grosset & Dunlap (1978)
Swenson, Allan A  The world above your head: Animals that live in trees, barns, and on cliffs  McKay (1978)
Swenson, Allan A  Starting over: How to recharge your life-style and career A & W  Publishers (1978)
Swenson, Allan A  Landscape You Can Eat  McKay (1977)
Swenson, Allan A  Allan A Swenson's Big fun to grow book  McKay (1977)
Swenson, Allan A  Cultivating Carnivorous Plants  Book World (December 1976)
Swenson, Allan A  My Own Herb Garden  Rodale Pr (November 1976)
Swenson, Allan A  The Inflation Fighter's Victory Garden  Ballantine Books (February 12, 1975)
Swenson, Allan A  Terrariums  Fawcett (1975)
Swenson, Allan A  The practical book of organic gardening  Award Books (1973)

References

External links
Allan A. Swenson on WorldCat

Category:1933 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from New Jersey
Category:American garden writers
Category:Rutgers University alumni


Saltigue

Saltigue, sometimes spelt Saltigué or wrongly Saltigui, are Serer high priests and priestesses who preside over the religious ceremonies and affairs of the Serer people, such as the Xoy ceremony, the biggest event in the Serer religious calendar.  They usually come from ancient Serer paternal families.  Such a title is usually inherited by birthright. The term "Saltigi" is also adopted by the Fula people. They were the leaders of the Fulas in some Fula areas, belonging to the Denianke Dynasty of the Empire of Great Fulo founded by Koli Tengella Bâ in the 16th century. It is proposed that the word "Saltigi", used in reference to the Fulas, comes from the Mandinka language, in which it means "master of the road", used in reference to their neighbors who are Fulani herders and tenders of the flock, the traditional activity of Fulani leaders. In Serer country, Saltigue, not to be confused with Saltigi, are always diviners. In Wolof areas, they were the assistant chiefs. The scope of this article deals only with Saltigue or Saltigué  – "diviners" (the high priests and priestesses) and termed by some scholars as "the ministers of the religious cult"; "pastors of the people" or within the remits of these definitions.

Role of Saltigues
The Saltigues were advisers to Serer governments, for example in the old Serer Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum and Baol. Their principal role was and still is for the prosperity of the country. In this role, they were responsible for predicting the future of kings; the weather to come (for the purposes of agriculture); any natural disaster or political catastrophe that could befall the country; etc. As such, they were frequently consulted by the Serer kings (Maad a Sinig and Maad Saloum) preferably at the beginning of the rainy season.

Before a king launches a war against another kingdom, or to repel an attack from another kingdom, the king consults the great assembly of Saltigues to predict the outcome of the battle, as was the case of Saltigué and Diaraf Wassaly Sene and Saltigué Laba Diene Ngom at the Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (18 July 1867), commonly known as the Battle of Somb, during the reign of Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof. The assembly of Saltigues will predict the outcome, offer precautionary advice on when to launch the attack, the route to take to the battlefield and the animals to be sacrificed, etc. The role of Saltigue was not political. They are not government ministers or politicians, but spiritual advisors and elders. They are the Serer hereditary "Rain priests" – guardians of the Serer religion and customs, a birthright they inherited from their ancient Lamanic ancestors.

In the precolonial period, during the Raan Festival which takes place in Tukar annually on the second Thursday after the onset of the new moon in April, the kings (during the Guelowar period) will attend the Raan Festival of Tukar, making their way from the capital (Diakhao). However, the king was extremely careful never to arrive before the Lamane and always avoid direct encounters with the Lamane of Tukar. Whilst the Lamane was busy self-meditating, touring Tukar and making offerings to the pangool Jegan Joof, the Chief Saltigue and his associates drink sum-sum alcohol all morning before the Festival. It is reported that drinking sum-sum improves the Saltigue's vision of the future and the supernatural world.

Having prepared himself sufficiently, the Saltigue and his close associates leave the house and mount their horses, then start their own tour of some of the sacred places of the country. The Saltigué's tour is programmed to follow the king, but ultimately to cross his path at a location known as 'Nenem". In this location, the king, aware that the Saltigue is coming, stops the royal entourage. The king and the royal entourage must wait for the Saltigue and his companions to pass. After these high priests and priestesses have passed, the king then gives the signal to the royal entourage to pass as they proceed to their next destination. This is the kind of respect that is afforded to the Saltigue. Scholars like Alioune Sarr note that Saltigues are famously celebrated and respected in Serer Kingdoms because of their knowledge.

Serer and Lebu healing methods
The Lebu people share many cosmo-spiritual beliefs with the Serers. Many Lebu rab (jinn) are actually Serer pangool (ancestral spirits or saints). The sacred dwelling place of the Lebu rab is the same as the Serer pangool called Sangomar, based on the ancient Serer and Diola legend of Jambooñ and Agaire. – two young sisters whose boat split into half around the Point of Sangomar. One sails to the north, the other sails south. Those traveling south became the ancestors of the Diolas and the other became the ancestor of the Serers. The healing method of the Lebu is called ndepp while the Serer healing method is called Loup.

See also

 Serer religion
 Roog
 Serer people
 Lebu people
 Serer prehistory
 Hogon

Notes

Category:Religious occupations
Category:Serer religion


Fabien Tissot

Fabien Tissot (born 14 November 1972) is a French former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is currently the manager of Championnat National side Épinal.

During his playing career, Tissot made over 100 appearances in Ligue 2 for Nancy, Beauvais and Épinal. He assisted Saint-Dizier for seven seasons between 2002 and 2009, and was the club's player-manager in the 2008–09 campaign.

References

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Nancy, France
Category:French footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:AS Nancy players
Category:SAS Épinal players
Category:AS Beauvais Oise players
Category:Stade de Reims players
Category:Ligue 2 players
Category:French football managers
Category:CO Saint-Dizier players


Bridal Veil Falls (Niagara Falls)

The Bridal Veil Falls is the smallest of the three waterfalls that make up Niagara Falls. It is located on the American side (in New York State); Luna Island separates it from the American Falls and Goat Island separates it from the Horseshoe Falls. The Bridal Veil Falls faces to the northwest and  has a crest  wide. Luna Island being very small, the Bridal Veil is similar in appearance to the American Falls, starting with a vertical fall of , followed by the water violently descending the talus boulders to the Maid of the Mist pool  below. The total vertical drop is . The crest elevation of the Falls is .

The Cave of the Winds attraction allows visitors to walk up to the base of Bridal Veil Falls. A pedestrian bridge crosses from Goat Island to Luna Island several yards (meters) upstream from the crest of the falls.

The waterfall has also been known in the past as Luna Falls and Iris Falls.

Gallery

References

External links

 Historic and Current images of Bridal Veil Falls Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
 Live stream of Bridal Veil Falls Niagara Falls Live Stream

Category:Waterfalls of New York (state)
Category:Protected areas of Niagara County, New York
Category:Plunge waterfalls
Category:Niagara Falls State Park
Category:Landforms of Niagara County, New York

nl:Niagarawatervallen#Bridal Veil Falls


Aventiola

Aventiola is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae described by Staudinger in 1892. Its only species, Aventiola pusilla, was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. It is found in Japan and south-eastern Siberia.

References

Category:Hypeninae
Category:Monotypic moth genera


Elizabeth M. Cousens

Ambassador Elizabeth M. Cousens is the President and CEO of the United Nations Foundation. She is a diplomat and thought leader who has worked on the frontlines of peace processes, played an influential role in UN policy innovations from peacebuilding to the Sustainable Development Goals, and helped build public-private partnerships to solve global challenges at scale.

Before joining the Foundation, Elizabeth served for several years at the U.S. Mission to the UN in New York. She was Principal Policy Advisor and Counselor to the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations and later served as the U.S. Ambassador to the UN Economic and Social Council and Alternate Representative to the UN General Assembly where she led U.S. negotiations on the SDGs; served on the boards of UN agencies, funds, and programmes; and was U.S. representative to the UN Peacebuilding Commission.

Prior to joining USUN, Cousens was Director of Strategy for The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre). Earlier, she served with UN political missions in Nepal and the Middle East and worked extensively on peacebuilding and development issues in conflict zones. Cousens was previously Vice President of the International Peace Institute, where she led initiatives on emerging global issues and UN reform, and Director of the Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum, a research group that provides country and regional expertise to the United Nations on crisis situations.

Elizabeth has a D.Phil. in International Relations from the University of Oxford, where she was a Rhodes Scholar, as well as a B.A. in history and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Puget Sound. She has written widely on conflict management, peace processes, state-building, and the United Nations.

Published works

References

http://usun.state.gov/leadership/c52008.htm

Category:American Rhodes Scholars
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people


Roberto Blanco

[[File:Roberto Blanco 2008.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Roberto Blanco]]
Roberto Blanco (legal name: Roberto Zerquera Blanco), was born 7 June 1937 in Tunis, Tunisia. Of Afro-Cuban origin, Blanco is a German-speaking Schlager singer and actor.

Early life
Blanco is the son of Cuban folklorist and artist Alfonso Zerquera and his wife Mercedes Blanco. He grew up in Beirut and Madrid. When Roberto was two, his mother died. After finishing school he began to study medicine in Madrid, but quit after two semesters.

Career
In 1957, Blanco played a role in the movie Der Stern von Afrika (The Star of Africa). His singing career began with Josephine Baker. In the 1960s, he became a hit star in his own right and appeared in various films – among them Johannes Mario Simmel penned All People Will Be Brothers and the Erich Kästner adaptation Three Men in the Snow.

In 1969, Blanco won the German "Schlager-Festspiele" with his song "Heute so, morgen so" (Today like this, tomorrow like that). Following that, Blanco recorded a number of hit albums. His music career peaked in 1972 with the song "Ein bisschen Spass muss sein" (A little fun must be) and "Der Puppenspieler von Mexiko" (The Puppeteer of Mexico). Since then he has appeared on numerous music and variety TV shows, most frequently on ZDF's Hitparade.

Singles
1957 – "Jesebell"
1957 – "Ob schwarz, ob weiß"
1963 – "Twistin' mit Monika"
1968 – "Tschumbala-Bey"
1968 – "Jennifer"
1969 – "Heute so, morgen so"
1969 – "Auf Liebe gibt es keine Garantie"
1970 – "Auf dem Kurfürstendam sagt man "Liebe""
1970 – "San Bernadino"
1971 – "Las Vegas"
1972 – "Ich komm' zurück nach Amarillo"
1972 – "Der Puppenspieler von Mexiko"
1972 – "Ein bisschen Spaß muss sein"
1973 – "Ich bin ein glücklicher Mann"
1973 – "Pappi, lauf doch nicht so schnell"
1974 – "In El Paso"
1976 – "Bye Bye, Fräulein"
1977 – "Morgen sind wir reich"
1978 – "Porompompom"
1978 – "Hey Mama Ho"
1978 – "Viva Maria"
1978 – "Wer trinkt schon gern den Wein allein"
1979 – "Der Clap Clap Song"
1979 – "Samba si! Arbeit no!"
1979 – "Am Tag, als es kein Benzin mehr gab"
1980 – "Rock 'n' Roll ist gut für die Figur"
1981 – "Humanaho (Alle Menschen sind Brüder)"
1990 – "Resi bring Bier" (duet with Tony Marshall)
1992 – "Limbo auf Jamaika" (duet with Tony Marshall)
1996 – "Da ist die Tür" (feat. Lotto King Karl)
1999 – "Last Christmas" (with Frank Luis y su traditional Habana Orchester)
2001 – "Born to Be Alive" (with The Disco Boys)
2004 – "Ein bisschen Spaß muss sein" (new version with Captain Jack)

Selected filmography
 The Bloody Vultures of Alaska'' (1973)

References

External links

Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Tunis
Category:Spanish emigrants to Germany
Category:German male singers
Category:German people of Cuban descent
Category:Spanish-language singers of Germany


A Thousand Suns World Tour

A Thousand Suns World Tour was a worldwide sixth concert tour by American rock band Linkin Park. The tour supported the band's fourth studio album A Thousand Suns. The tour ranked 35th in Pollstar's "Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year)", earning over 20 million dollars.

Background
Linkin Park announced their upcoming world tour while doing press for their latest LP, A Thousand Suns. Vocalist Chester Bennington stated: "At this point we're writing such great music that I almost want to go do 50 shows around the world and then get right back into making another record. Once the ball starts rolling, it's all I want. It's like a drug."

During an interview with Streetdate Radio, Bennington expressed how odd it felt to begin the tour in South America, even though they are not well known in that region. He further stated that although Linkin Park sell more records in North America, they are more "well known" in other territories. As a band, it did not feel odd to begin in these territories first. During the same interview, he announced the band will play in North America beginning in January 2011.

Opening acts

Attaque 77 (Argentina)
The Futureheads (Europe, select dates)
Does It Offend You, Yeah? (England) (North America, select dates)
DJ Bliss (United Arab Emirates)
Quami & The Halvot (Israel)
Dead Letter Circus (Sydney, Melbourne)

Sleep Walker (Perth)
CNBLUE (Chiba)
The Art (Brisbane, Melbourne, Canberra)
The Prodigy (North America, select dates)
FYE (North America, select dates)
Pendulum (North America, select dates)
Circa Survive (Phoenix, Dallas)
Paper Tongues (Phoenix, Dallas, Houston)

Setlist

Additional notes
During concerts in South America, "Bleed It Out" was performed after "Crawling"
During the concert at Hayarkon Park in Tel Aviv, Israel, the band performed Bob Marley's "No Woman, No Cry".
During the concert at The Roundhouse in London, England, the band covered Adele's "Rolling in the Deep". Later it was released as a Promotional single from the live EP iTunes Festival 2011.
On October 25, while in Paris, the band decided to perform "A Place For My Head" (after "Crawling") to celebrate the release of their debut album Hybrid Theory, 10 years and a day ago.

Tour dates

Festivals and other miscellaneous performances

This concert was a part of the  Festival Maquinaria
This concert is a part of SWU Music + Arts Festival
This concert is a part of the Yasalam After-Race Concerts
This concert is a part of the KROQ Weenie Roast
This concert is a part of the Live 105's BFD

This concert is a part of the Nova Rock Festival
This concert is a part of the Download Festival
This concert is a part of the Hessentagl
This concert is a part of the Sonisphere Festival
This concert is a part of the Hove Festival

This concert is a part of Rock Werchter
This concert is a part of the Main Square Festival
This concert is a part of the OpenAir St. Gallen
This concert is a part of the iTunes Festival
This concert is a part of the Singapore Grand Prix

Cancellations and rescheduled shows

Cancellations
Lead singer, Chester Bennington, fell ill cancelling three shows and rescheduling two from the North American leg of the tour. Originally, Bennington played a few shows not feeling well; doctors then advised him to stop playing, or the effects could have worsened.. Doctors tested Bennington for different illnesses, including H1N1. While in the process for testing for H1N1, complications arose, worsening his state. Eventually it emerged that he did not have the H1N1 virus, but a similar virus. However,  Linkin Park were caused to cancel five shows due to this illness. Two of the five cancellations from the tour were able to be rescheduled, in Houston and Dallas. Uncasville and Cincinnati were later compensated during the 2012 Honda Civic Tour.

During Linkin Park's Asia tour, Bennington injured his shoulder and doctors advised him to undergo surgery, canceling the band's final show in Pensacola Beach, Florida for the tour and thus ending tour.

Box office score data

Broadcasts and recordings
Throughout the tour, the band will provide an official bootleg recording of each concert after the performance. The band states this is a way to show their fans appreciation for the energy during each concert. Those who attended the show will be able to download the show for free while others can purchase the show on the band's official website. The concert at the Madison Square Garden in New York City was filmed and was broadcast on Fuse TV on February 18, 2011.

Personnel
 Chester Bennington – vocals, rhythm guitar, percussion
 Rob Bourdon – drums, percussions
 Brad Delson – lead guitar, backing vocals, keyboards, percussion
 Dave "Phoenix" Farrell – bass, backing vocals, keyboards
 Joe Hahn – turntables, synthesizer, samples, backing vocals
 Mike Shinoda – vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar, keyboards, rapping

References

Category:Linkin Park concert tours
Category:2010 concert tours
Category:2011 concert tours


Kyle Wren

Kyle Patrick Wren (born April 23, 1991) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Sioux City Explorers of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. He is the son of former Atlanta Braves' general manager Frank Wren.

Amateur career
Wren attended Landmark Christian School in Fairburn, Georgia, where he played for the school's baseball team. During his career at Landmark, he had a .455 batting average.

In 2010, Wren enrolled at Georgia Institute of Technology, where he played college baseball for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball team. Wren led the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in hits during his freshman year, and earned the titles of All-ACC and freshman All-American during this first year. Once he became eligible for the 2012 MLB Draft after his sophomore year, the Cincinnati Reds selected Wren in the 30th round. However, he chose not to sign and instead, returned to Georgia Tech for his junior year. Before the start of the season, the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association named Wren a preseason All-American. As a junior, Wren had a .360 batting average, and again led the ACC in hits. Following his junior year, Wren was drafted in the 8th round by the Atlanta Braves.

Professional career
Before the 2013 MLB Draft, Baseball America ranked Wren as the 210th best available prospect.

Atlanta Braves
The Atlanta Braves selected Wren in the eighth round, with the 253rd selection. He began his professional career with the Danville Braves of the Rookie-level Appalachian League. After compiling nine hits and stealing three bases in five games for Danville, he was promoted to the Rome Braves of the Class A South Atlantic League. During his tenure with Rome, Wren had a .328 batting average and 32 stolen bases. This resulted in his second promotion, to the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League at the end of the season.

Wren split the 2014 season between Lynchburg and the Mississippi Braves of the Double-A Southern League. During the first half of the season, Wren was named to the Carolina League All-Star Team. He and Kyle Waldrop shared most valuable player honors. After the season, Lynchburg named Wren their player of the year. The Braves then assigned Wren to the Arizona Fall League.

Milwaukee Brewers
The Braves traded Wren to the Milwaukee Brewers on November 14, 2014, for minor league pitcher Zach Quintana. The Brewers assigned Wren to the Biloxi Shuckers of the Double-A Southern League to start the 2015 season. In June, the Brewers promoted him to the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. Overall for the 2015 season, Wren appeared in 136 games, batting .272 with one home run and 39 RBIs.

In 2016, Wren again split time between the Double-A and Triple-A levels, batting a combined .322 with two home runs and 39 RBIs in 127 games. He spent all of 2017 with the Triple-A Sky Sox, batting .286 with five home runs and 62 RBIs in 128 games. He started 2018 with the Sky Sox, appearing in 47 games and batting .294 with two home runs and 28 RBIs; he was released by the team on June 26.

Boston Red Sox
On July 3, 2018, Wren signed with the Boston Red Sox, and was assigned to the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox. He became a free agent after the season.

Cincinnati Reds
On December 7, 2018, Wren signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds. He was eventually assigned to Class AAA Louisville and released on May 7, 2019 after hitting .220 in 19 games for the Bats.

Sioux City Explorers
On May 27, 2019, Wren signed with the Sioux City Explorers of the independent American Association.

Personal
Wren's twin brother, Colby, also played at Georgia Tech. Their father, Frank, was formerly the general manager of the Braves. , their youngest brother, Jordan, plays minor league baseball for the Greenville Drive.

References

External links

SoxProspects.com

Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from West Palm Beach, Florida
Category:Baseball players from Florida
Category:Baseball outfielders
Category:Biloxi Shuckers players
Category:Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Category:Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball players
Category:Danville Braves players
Category:Rome Braves players
Category:Lynchburg Hillcats players
Category:Mississippi Braves players
Category:Pawtucket Red Sox players
Category:People from Peachtree City, Georgia
Category:Peoria Javelinas players
Category:Tigres del Licey players
Category:Twin sportspeople
Category:Sioux City Explorers players


Foreign relations of Canada

The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and peoples. Britain was the chief foreign contact before World War II.  Since then Canada's most important relationship, being the largest trading relationship in the world, is with the United States. However, Canadian governments have traditionally maintained active relations with other nations, mostly through multilateral organizations such as the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie, the Organization of American States, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

History

Colonial era
The British North American colonies which today constitute modern Canada had no control over their foreign affairs until the achievement of responsible government in the late 1840s. Up to that time, wars, negotiations and treaties were carried out by the British government to settle disputes concerning the colonies over fishing and boundaries and to promote trade.  Notable examples from the colonial period include the Nootka Convention, the War of 1812, the Rush–Bagot Treaty, the Treaty of 1818, the Webster–Ashburton Treaty, and the Oregon Treaty. Before the granting of responsible government, British diplomats handled foreign affairs and had the goal of achieving British goals, especially peace with the United States; domestic Canadian interests were secondary.  The Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 signalled an important change in relations between Britain and its North American colonies. In this treaty, the Canadas were allowed to impose tariff duties more favourable to a foreign country (the U.S.) than to Britain, a precedent that was extended by new tariffs in 1859, 1879 and 1887, despite angry demands on the part of British industrialists that these tariffs be disallowed by London.

Dominion of Canada: 1867
Soon after Confederation, the first prime minister Sir John A. Macdonald appointed Sir John Rose as his lobbyist in London. When Alexander Mackenzie became prime minister, he sent George Brown to represent Canada in Washington during British-American trade talks.  After the Conservative Party came back to power in 1878, the government sent Alexander Galt to London, as well as to France and Spain. Although the British government was concerned about this nascent Canadian diplomacy, it finally consented to giving Galt the formal title of High Commissioner in 1880.  A trade commissioner was appointed to Australia in 1894.  As High Commissioner, Charles Tupper helped negotiate an agreement with France in 1893 but it was countersigned by the British ambassador as the Queen's official representative to France.  Meanwhile, in 1882 the province of Quebec made its first of many forays into the international community by sending a representative, Hector Fabre to Paris in 1882.

Canada's responses to international events elsewhere were limited at this time.  During 1878 tensions between Britain and Russia, for example, Canada constructed a few limited defences but did little else. By the time of the British campaign in Sudan of 1884–85, however, Canada was expected to contribute troops.  Since Ottawa was reluctant to become involved, the Governor General of Canada privately raised 386 voyageurs at Britain's expense to help British forces on the Nile river.  By 1885, many Canadians offered to volunteer as part of a potential Canadian force, however the government declined to act.  This stood in sharp contrast to Australia (New South Wales), which raised and paid for its own troops.

The first Canadian commercial representative abroad was John Short Larke. Larke became Canada's first trade commissioner following a successful trade delegation to Australia led by Canada's first Minister of Trade and Commerce, Mackenzie Bowell.

The Alaska boundary dispute, simmering since the US purchased Alaska from Russia of 1867, became critical when gold was discovered in the Canadian Yukon during the late 1890s. Alaska controlled all the possible ports of entry. Canada argued its boundary included the port of Skagway, held by the U.S.. The dispute went to arbitration in 1903, but the British delegate sided with the Americans, angering Canadians who felt the British had betrayed Canadian interests to curry favour with the U.S.

In 1909, Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier reluctantly established a Department of External Affairs and the positions of Secretary and Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs, largely at the urging of the Governor-General Earl Grey and James Bryce, the British ambassador in Washington, who estimated that three-quarters of his embassy's time was devoted to Canadian-American matters.

Laurier signed a reciprocity treaty with the U.S. that would lower tariffs in both directions. Conservatives under Robert Borden denounced it, saying it would integrate Canada's economy into that of the U.S. and loosen ties with Britain. The Conservative party won the 1911 Canadian federal election.

World Wars
Due to Canada's important contributions to the British war effort in 1914–18, Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden insisted that Canada be treated as a separate signatory to the Treaty of Versailles. In 1920 Canada became a full member of the League of Nations, and acted independently of London.  It was elected to the League Council (governing board) in 1927. It did not play a leading role, and generally opposed sanctions or military action by the League. The League was virtually defunct by 1939.

The government operated a Canadian War Mission in Washington, 1918 to 1921, but it was not until William Lyon Mackenzie King became Prime Minister in 1921 that Canada seriously pursued an independent foreign policy. In 1923, Canada independently signed the Halibut Treaty with the United States at Mackenzie King's insistence – the first time Canada signed a treaty without the British also signing it. In 1925, the government appointed a permanent diplomat to Geneva to deal with the League of Nations and International Labour Organization. Following the Balfour Declaration of 1926, King appointed Vincent Massey as the first Canadian minister plenipotentiary in Washington (1926), raised the office in Paris to legation status under Philippe Roy (1928), and opened a legation in Tokyo with Herbert Marler as envoy (1929).

Canada achieved legislative independence with the enactment of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, although British diplomatic missions continued to represent Canada in most countries throughout the 1930s.

In the 1930s, the Mackenzie King government strongly supported the appeasement policy of the Chamberlain government in London toward Nazi Germany.

After the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Canada rapidly expanded its diplomatic missions abroad. While Canada hosted two major Allied conferences in Quebec in 1943 and 1944, neither Prime Minister Mackenzie King nor senior generals and admirals were invited to take part in any of the discussions.

1945 to 1957
The Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA) has long been the intellectual center of foreign policy thinking. Its current name is "Canadian International Council".  Under businessman Edgar Tarr, 1931 to 1950, the CIIA went beyond the original neutral and apolitical research role. Instead it championed Canadian national autonomy and sought to enlarge the nation's international role, while challenging British imperialism.  Numerous diplomats attended its conferences and supported its new mission.  Canada's foreign policy moved away from imperialism and toward the sort of anti-colonialism promoted by the United States. CIIA leaders and Canadian officials worked to encouraged nationalist forces in India, China, and Southeast Asia that sought to reject colonial rule and Western dominance.

Diplomats reminiscing about the postwar era stress the outsized role of Lester B. Pearson; they fondly call the 1940s and 1950s a "golden era" of Canadian foreign policy. It certainly stood apart from the embarrassing isolationism of the 1930s, which James Eayrs called a low, dishonest decade." However, the Golden Era tag has been challenged as a romantic exaggeration.  Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, working closely with his Foreign Minister Louis St. Laurent, handled foreign relations 1945–48 in cautious fashion. Canada lent and donated over $2 billion to Britain to help it rebuild (by purchasing Canadian exports). It was elected to the UN Security Council. It helped design NATO. However, Mackenzie King rejected free trade with the United States, and decided not to play a role in the Berlin airlift. Canada had been actively involved in the League of Nations, primarily because it could act separately from Britain. It played a modest role in the postwar formation of the United Nations, as well as the International Monetary Fund. It played a somewhat larger role in 1947 in designing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Ties with Great Britain gradually weakened, especially in 1956 when Canada refused to support the British and French invasion of Egypt in order to seize the Suez Canal.  Liberal Lester B. Pearson as External Affairs Minister (foreign minister) won the Nobel Peace Prize for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force in 1956 to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis.

From 1939 to 1968, foreign policy was based on close relationships with the United States, especially in trade and defence policy, with Canada an active member of NATO as well as a bilateral partner with the United States in forming a northern defence against Soviet bombers. In 1950–53, Canada sent troops to the Korean War in defence of South Korea.

For Lester Pearson, cultural differences, Francophonee versus Anglophone, could perhaps be narrowed by involvement in world affairs. Canadians could gain a broader, more cosmopolitan, more liberal outlook. A sense of national identity, built on the middle size nation thesis, was possible.  Perhaps international commitment would produce a sense of purpose and thereby unite Canadians.

There were voices on both left and right that Warned against being too close to the United States. Few Canadians listened before 1957. Instead, there was wide consensus on Canadian foreign and defence policies 1948 to 1957.  Bothwell, Drummond and English state:
That support was remarkably uniform geographically and racially, both coast to coast and among French and English. From the CCF on the left to the Social Credit on the right, the political parties agreed that NATO was a good thing, and communism a bad thing, that a close association with Europe was desirable, and that the Commonwealth embodied a glorious past.

However the consensus did not the last. By 1957 the Suez crisis alienated Canada from both Britain and France; politicians distrusted American leadership, businessmen questioned American financial investments; and intellectuals ridiculed the values of American television and Hollywood offerings that all Canadians watched. "Public support for Canada's foreign policy big came unstuck. Foreign-policy, from being a winning issue for the Liberals, was fast becoming a losing one."

Since 1957

Peacekeeping

The success of the Suez peacekeeping mission led Canadians to embrace peacekeeping as a suitable role for a middle-sized country, looking for a role, and having high regards for the United Nations.  This led to sending a peacekeeping force to Cyprus in 1964, when two NATO members, Greece and Turkey were at swords' point over ethnic violence in the historic British colony. The Canadians left in 1993 after 28 were killed and many wounded in the operation. Peacekeeping help was needed in the Belgian Congo in 1960–64, after Belgium pulled out. There were numerous other small interventions.  Canada took a central role in the International Control Commission (ICC), which tried to broker peace in Vietnam in the 1960s. In 1993 violent misbehavior by Canadian peacekeeping forces in Somalia shocked the nation.

Relations with US and others
Progressive Conservative John Diefenbaker (1957–1963) tried to improve relations with Britain even as it was trying to enter the European Common Market, which would greatly weaken its historic ties with Canada.  US President Dwight Eisenhower took pains to foster good relations with Diefenbaker. That led to approval of plans to join the United States in what became known as NORAD, an integrated air defence system, in mid-1957. Relations with President John Kennedy were much less cordial.  Diefenbaker opposed apartheid in the South Africa and helped force it out of the Commonwealth of Nations. His indecision on whether to accept Bomarc nuclear missiles from the United States led to his government's downfall.

The Vietnam War (1964–1975) was very unpopular in Canada, which provided only minimal diplomatic support and no military participation.  Liberal Lester B. Pearson as Prime Minister (1963–1968) avoided any involvement in Vietnam. Foreign affairs was not high on his agenda, as he concentrated on complex internal political problems.

Under Liberal Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (1968–1979 and 1980–1984) foreign policy was much less important than internal unity.  There were multiple new approaches, some of which involved standing apart from the United States. Trudeau recognized communist China shortly before the United States did, improved relationships with the Soviet Union, and cut back on contributions to NATO. While not cutting back on trade with the United States, he did emphasize improved trade with Europe and Asia. By his third year in office, however, Trudeau launched a new initiatives, emphasizing Canada's role as a middle power with the ability to engage in active peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the United Nations. Foreign aid was expanded, especially to the non-white Commonwealth.  Canada joined most of NATO in imposing sanctions on Russia for its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979–80. President Ronald Reagan took office in Washington in 1981, and relationships cooled. However, when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, Canada joined most of NATO and sending troops to the Persian Gulf war.

Although Canada remained part of NATO, a strong military presence was considered unnecessary by 1964, and funding was diverted into peacekeeping missions.  Only 20,000 soldiers were left. Andrew Richter calls this, "Forty years of neglect, indifference, and apathy."

Québec started operating its own foreign policy in the 1960s, so that in key countries Canada had two separate missions with diverging priorities.

Justin Trudeau's government decided not to sign the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, a binding agreement for negotiations for the total elimination of nuclear weapons, supported by more than 120 nations. In August 2018, Canada called for the immediate release of Saudi dissident Raif Badawi. In response to Canada's criticism, Saudi Arabia expelled Canada's ambassador, and froze trade with Canada.

Administration
In 1982, responsibility for trade was added with the creation of the Department of External Affairs and International Trade. In 1995, the name was changed to Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

Canada has often carried out its foreign policy through coalitions and international organizations, and through the work of numerous federal institutions. Under the aegis of Canadian foreign policy, various departments and agencies conduct their own international relations and outreach activities. For example, the Canadian Forces and the Department of National Defence conduct defence diplomacy in support of national interests, including through the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g., the System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces), ship and aircraft visits, military training and cooperation, and other such outreach and relationship-building efforts.

There are two major elements of Canadian foreign relations, Canada-US relations and multilateralism.

Greg Donaghy, of Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs, argues:
Since taking power in 2006, Prime Minister Harper's government has clearly abandoned the liberal internationalism that had so often characterized Ottawa's approach to world affairs, replacing it with a new emphasis on realist notions of national interest, enhanced capabilities, and Western democratic values.

Canada's international relations are the responsibility of the Department of Global Affairs, which is run by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, a position currently held by Chrystia Freeland.  Traditionally the Prime Minister has played a prominent role in foreign affairs decisions.  Foreign aid, formerly delivered through the Canadian International Development Agency, has been administered by DFATD since March 2013.

Foreign aid

Canada's foreign aid was administered by the Canadian International Development Agency, which provided aid and assistance to other countries around the world through various methods. In March 2013 CIDA ceased to exist when it was folded into DFAIT, creating DFATD. The strategy of the Canadian government's foreign aid policy reflects an emphasis to meet the Millennium Development Goals, while also providing assistance in response to foreign humanitarian crises. However a growing focus on development, defence, and diplomacy in recent decades has produced a concentration of foreign aid funding to countries determined to be security risks to Canadian policy. For example, in 2004–2005 the largest recipients of Canada's official developmental assistance were Afghanistan and Iraq, two nations in conflict with the United States of America and its allies at the time. The structural emphasis on security and industry development has contributed to a fixed foreign policy that generally fails to consider global health and international social and economic inequalities.

In addition, although Canada's foreign aid policies has been moulded with the intentions to be in accordance to the Millennium Development Goals, its focus on human security has slowly shifted away as new policy developments arose. The foreign aid provided by the country became less "people-centered" and less health-related. Canada's contributions have been quite inconsistent with regards to human security, which indicates that the reputation that the country has built throughout the years, in fact, exceeds the country's actual record. Canada's contributions internationally have been detrimental and crucial but it needs redirecting back to its original goals.

Federalism and foreign relations
The provinces have a high level of freedom to operate internationally, dating from Quebec's first representative to France in 1886, Hector Fabre.  Alberta has had representatives abroad, starting with Alberta House in London (37 Hill Street), since 1948, and British Columbia around 25 years before that. By 1984, Quebec had offices in ten countries including eight in the United States and three in other Canadian provinces while Ontario had thirteen delegations in seven countries. Most provincial governments have a ministry of international relations, both Quebec and New Brunswick are members of La Francophonie (separately from the federal delegation), Alberta has quasi-diplomatic offices in Washington (currently staffed by former cabinet minister Gary Mar).  Provincial premiers were always part of the famous Team Canada trade missions of the 1990s.  In 2007, Quebec premier Jean Charest proposed a free trade agreement with the European Union.

Provinces have always participated in some foreign relations, and appointed agents general in the United Kingdom and France for many years, but they cannot legislate treaties. The French-speaking provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick are members of la Francophonie, and Ontario has announced it wishes to join. Quebec has pursued its own foreign relations, especially with France. Alberta opened an office in Washington, D.C., in March 2005 to lobby the American government, mostly to reopen the borders to import of Canadian beef. With the exception of Quebec, none of these efforts undermine the ability of the federal government to conduct foreign affairs.

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Oceania

Other bilateral and plurilateral relations
One important difference between Canadian and American foreign policy has been in relations with communist governments. Canada established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (13 October 1970) long before the Americans did (1 January 1979). It also has maintained trade and diplomatic relations with communist Cuba, despite pressures from the United States.

Arms Control

Canadian Government guidance for export controls on weapons systems is published by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. Automatic Firearms Country Control List, comprises a list of approved export nations which include as of 2014; (Albania, Australia, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States).

Selected dates of diplomatic representation abroad
Australia – 1939 – first high commissioner Charles Burchell
Belgium – January 1939 – first ambassador Jean Désy
China – 1943 – first ambassador General Victor Odlum
France – 1882 – agent without diplomatic status Hector Fabre
France – 1928 – first minister Philippe Roy
France – 1944 – first ambassador George Philias Vanier
International Criminal Court – 2003 – first Judge-President Philippe Kirsch
Japan – May 1929 – first minister Sir Herbert Marler
Mexico – January 1944 – first ambassador William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon
Netherlands – January 1939 – first ambassador Jean Désy
Newfoundland – 1941 – first high commissioner Charles Burchell
United Kingdom – 1880 – first high commissioner Sir Alexander Galt
United Nations – first ambassador General Andrew McNaughton
United States of America – 1926 – first minister Vincent Massey

Multilateralism

Canada is and has been a strong supporter of multilateralism. The country is one of the world's leading peacekeepers, sending soldiers under the U.N. authority around the world. Canadian former Minister of Foreign Affairs and subsequent Prime Minister, Lester B. Pearson, is credited for his contributions to modern international peacekeeping, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. Canada is committed to disarmament, and is especially noted for its leadership in the 1997 Convention in Ottawa on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines.

In the last century Canada has made efforts to reach out to the rest of the world and promoting itself as a "middle power" able to work with large and small nations alike. This was demonstrated during the Suez Crisis when Lester B. Pearson mollified the tension by proposing peacekeeping efforts and the inception of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force. In that spirit, Canada developed and has tried to maintain a leading role in UN peacekeeping efforts.

Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military operations that are not sanctioned by the United Nations, such as the Vietnam War or the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, but does join in sanctioned operations such as the first Gulf War, Afghanistan and Libya.  It participated with its NATO and OAS allies in the Kosovo Conflict and in Haiti respectively.

Despite Canada's track record as a liberal democracy that has embraced the values of the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Canada has not been involved in any major plan for Reform of the United Nations Security Council; although the Canadian government does support UN reform, in order to strengthen UN efficiency and effectiveness.

Canada hosted the third Summit of the Americas in Quebec City.

Canada is working on setting up military bases around the world, while reducing aid and diplomatic efforts. In the late 90s, Canada actively promoted the notion of human security as an alternative to business-as-usual approaches to foreign aid. However, by invoking the "three Ds" (defense, diplomacy, and development) as the fundamental basis for Canadian foreign policy, and then implementing this in a manner that conforms more to military security and trade interests, Canada has successfully distanced itself from the humanitarian objectives of foreign aid, with the human security goal far from being achieved.  Under the Harper government, emphasis on promoting Canada's military presence internationally has included an effort to rebrand Canada historically as a "warrior nation", in large measure to counter the image of only supporting peacekeeping and multilateralism.

Canada–Asia relations

In 1985 the Parliament of Canada passed an Act to create the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, a think-tank focusing on Canada-Asia relations, in order to enhance Canada-Asia relations. Canada also seeks to expand its ties to Pacific Rim economies through membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC). In addition, Canada is an active participant in discussions stemming from the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and has been an active member, hosting the OAS General Assembly in Windsor, Ontario, in June 2000.

Canada–Caribbean relations

Many Caribbean Community countries turn to Canada as a valued partner. Canadians, particularly Canadian banks and utility companies play an important economic role in the development of former British West Indies colonies. Efforts to improve trade have included the idea of concluding a free trade agreement to replace the 1986 bilateral CARIBCAN agreement. At various times, several Caribbean countries have also considered joining Canadian Confederation as new provinces or territories, although no Caribbean nation has implemented such a proposal.

Canada–Commonwealth of Nations

Canada maintains close links to the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms, with which Canada has strong historic ties and shares a monarch. It also remains a member of the Commonwealth.

Canada–European Union relations

Canada–Latin American relations

In recent years Canadian leaders have taken increasing interest in Latin America. Canada has had diplomatic relations with Venezuela since January 1953 and the relations are based on mutual commercial interests, especially in technology, oil and gas industry, telecommunications and others.  Canada has an ongoing trade dispute with Brazil.

International organizations

Canada is a member of the following organizations:

Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member)
African Development Bank (AfDB) (nonregional member)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Arctic Council
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
Association of Caribbean States (ACS) (observer and partner)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner)
Australia Group
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Commonwealth of Nations
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) (nonregional member)
Caribbean Postal Union (CPU)
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
Group of Seven (G7) –
Group of Eight (G8)
Group of Ten (G-10)
Group of Twenty (G-20)
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (also known as the World Bank)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Criminal Court (ICCt)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
Interpol (organization) (Interpol)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
MINUSTAH (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti)
MONUSCO (United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, International Organisation of La Francophonie (OIF)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Paris Club
ParlAmericas
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (partner)
Postal Union of the Americas, Spain and Portugal
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) (observer)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Zangger Committee

Relations with international groups

Organizations with headquarters in Canada
International Air Transport Association
 International Civil Aviation Organization
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission

Major treaties signed in Canada
Ottawa Treaty or Mine Ban Treaty (1997)
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)
Great Peace of Montreal (1701)

Territorial and boundary disputes

Canada and the United States have negotiated the boundary between the countries over many years, with the last significant agreement having taken place in 1984 when the International Court of Justice ruled on the maritime boundary in the Gulf of Maine.  Likewise, Canada and France had previously contested the maritime boundary surrounding the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, but accepted a 1992 International Court of Arbitration ruling.

Remaining disputes include managed maritime boundary disputes with the US (Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island).

Arctic disputes
A long-simmering dispute between Canada and the U.S. involves the issue of Canadian sovereignty over the Northwest Passage (the sea passages in the Arctic). Canada's assertion that the Northwest Passage represents internal (territorial) waters has been challenged by other countries, especially the U.S., which argue that these waters constitute an international strait (international waters). Canadians were incensed when Americans drove the reinforced oil tanker Manhattan through the Northwest Passage in 1969, followed by the icebreaker Polar Sea in 1985, both without asking for Canadian permission.  In 1970, the Canadian government enacted the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, which asserts Canadian regulatory control over pollution within a  zone.  In response, the Americans in 1970 stated, "We cannot accept the assertion of a Canadian claim that the Arctic waters are internal waters of Canada.... Such acceptance would jeopardize the freedom of navigation essential for United States naval activities worldwide." A compromise was reached in 1988, by an agreement on "Arctic Cooperation," which pledges that voyages of American icebreakers "will be undertaken with the consent of the Government of Canada."  However the agreement did not alter either country's basic legal position.  Essentially, the Americans agreed to ask for the consent of the Government of Canada without conceding that they were obliged to.  In January 2006, David Wilkins, the American ambassador to Canada, said his government opposes Stephen Harper's proposed plan to deploy military icebreakers in the Arctic to detect interlopers and assert Canadian sovereignty over those waters.

Also, there is a dispute with Denmark over the sovereignty of the uninhabited Hans Island and surrounding waters in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland.

Along with other nations in the Arctic Council, Canada, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Denmark and Russia, the maritime boundaries in the far north will be decided after countries have completed their submissions, due in 2012. Russia has made an extensive claim based on the Russian position that everything that is an extension of the Lomonosov Ridge should be assigned to Russia. Their submission had been rejected when first submitted by the United Nations in 2001. The regions represent some of the most extreme environments on Earth yet there is a hope for hypothetically commercially viable oil and gas deposits.

See also
Alberta International and Intergovernmental Relations
Canada and the Iraq War
Canada and the Vietnam War
Canada–NATO relations
Canada and the United Nations
Defence Diplomacy
Department of Intergovernmental Affairs (New Brunswick)
Diplomatic Forum
List of Canadian Ministers of Foreign Affairs
List of Canadian Ministers for International Cooperation
List of Canadian Ministers of International Trade
List of Canadian Secretaries of State for External Affairs
List of diplomatic missions in Canada
List of diplomatic missions of Canada
List of state and official visits by Canada
Ministry of International Relations (Quebec)
Visa requirements for Canadian citizens

References

Further reading

 Bothwell, Robert. Canada and the United States (1992)
 Boucher, Jean-Christophe. "Yearning for a progressive research program in Canadian foreign policy." International Journal 69.2 (2014): 213–228. online commentary H-DIPLO

 Bugailiskis, Alex, and Andrés Rozental, eds. Canada Among Nations, 2011-2012: Canada and Mexico's Unfinished Agenda (2012) further details
 Carnaghan, Matthew, Allison Goody, "Canadian Arctic Sovereignty" (Library of Parliament: Political and Social Affairs Division, 26 January 2006)
 Chapnick, Adam, and Christopher J. Kukucha, eds. The Harper Era in Canadian Foreign Policy: Parliament, Politics, and Canada’s Global Posture (UBC Press, 2016).
 Eayrs, James. In Defence of Canada. (5 vols. University of Toronto Press, 1964–1983) the standard history
 Fox, Annette Baker. Canada in World Affairs (Michigan State University Press, 1996)

 Glazov, Jamie. Canadian Policy Toward Khrushchev's Soviet Union (2003).
 Granatstein, J. L., ed. Canadian foreign policy : historical readings (1986), excerpts from primary sources and scholars online free

 Hampson, Fen Osler, and James A. Baker. Master of Persuasion: Brian Mulroney's Global Legacy (2018)
 Hawes, Michael K., and Christopher John Kirkey, eds. Canadian Foreign Policy in a Unipolar World (Oxford UP, 2017).
 Hillmer, Norman and Philippe Lagassé. Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy: Canada Among Nations 2017 (2018)
 Holmes John W. The Shaping of Peace: Canada and the Search for World Order. (2 vols. University of Toronto Press, 1979, 1982)

 James, Patrick, Nelson Michaud, and Marc O'Reilly, eds. Handbook of Canadian foreign policy (Lexington Books, 2006), essays by experts; 610pp  excerpt
 James, Patrick. Canada and Conflict (Oxford University Press, 2012) H-DIPLO online reviews June 2014
 Kirk, John M. and Peter McKenna; Canada-Cuba Relations: The Other Good Neighbor Policy UP of Florida, 1997).
 Kirton, John and Don Munton, eds. Cases and Readings in Canadian Foreign Policy Since World War II (1992) 24 episodes discussed by experts
 Kohn, Edward P. This Kindred People: Canadian-American Relations and the Anglo-Saxon Idea, 1895–1903 (2005)
 Kukucha, Christopher J. "Neither adapting nor innovating: the limited transformation of Canadian foreign trade policy since 1984." Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (2018): 1–15.
 McCormick, James M. "Pivoting toward Asia: Comparing the Canadian and American Policy Shifts." American Review of Canadian Studies 46.4 (2016): 474–495.
 McCullough, Colin, and Robert Teigrob, eds. Canada and the United Nations: Legacies, Limits, Prospects (2017).
 Melnyk, George.  Canada and the New American Empire: War and Anti-War University of Calgary Press, 2004, highly critical
 Miller, Ronnie. Following the Americans to the Persian Gulf: Canada, Australia, and the Development of the New World Order (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1994)
 Molot, Maureen Appel. "Where Do We, Should We, Or Can We Sit? A Review of the Canadian Foreign Policy Literature", International Journal of Canadian Studies (Spring-Fall 1990) 1#2 pp 77–96.
 Paris, Roland. "Are Canadians still liberal internationalists? Foreign policy and public opinion in the Harper era." International Journal 69.3 (2014): 274–307. online
 Perras, Galen Roger.  Franklin Roosevelt and the Origins of the Canadian-American Security Alliance, 1933–1945: Necessary, but Not Necessary Enough (Praeger Publishers, 1998)
 Reid, Escott. Time of Fear and Hope: The Making of the North Atlantic Treaty, 1947–1949 (McClelland and Stewart, 1977.)
 Rochlin, James. Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy towards Latin America (University of British Columbia Press, 1994)
 Stacey, C. P.  Canada and the Age of Conflict: Volume 1: 1867–1921 (1979), a standard scholarly history
 Stacey, C. P. Canada and the Age of Conflict, 1921–1948. Vol. 2. (University of Toronto Press, 1981), a standard scholarly history
 Stairs Denis, and Gilbert R. Winham, eds. The Politics of Canada's Economic Relationship with the United States (University of Toronto Press, 1985)
 Stevenson, Brian J. R. Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968–1990 (2000)

 Wilson, Robert R.  and David R. Deener; Canada-United States Treaty Relations (Duke University Press, 1963)

Primary Sources

 Riddell, Walter A. ed. Documents on Canadian Foreign Policy, 1917–1939 Oxford University Press, 1962 806 pages of documents

External links
 Foreign Affairs Canada – Heads of Posts List
 Embassy: Canada's Foreign Policy Newsweekly
 Canada's place in world affairs
 Foreign Affairs Canada – Canada and the World: A History a history of Canadian foreign policy.
 Foreign Affairs Canada – Country and Regional Information a summary of Canada's relations with each foreign government as well as some international regions and organizations
 Canada at the Group of 8
 "H-Diplo Roundtable on Patrick James.  Canada and Conflict" (June 2014)
 Global Affairs Canada Treaties ruling relations Argentina and Canada
 Canadian Encyclopedia entry on Globalization
 Global Affairs Canada Canadian Foreign Affairs and International Trade Office about relations with Argentina

Category:Canada and the Commonwealth of Nations


Javadieh, Razavi Khorasan

Javadieh (, also Romanized as Javādīeh; also known as Chambar Ghorbāl) is a village in Miyan Velayat Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 423, in 121 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Mashhad County


2013 in association football

The following are the scheduled events of association football for the year 2013 throughout the world.

Events

Men's national teams

Senior

 5 – 18 January: 21st Arabian Gulf Cup in
   (2nd title)

 4th:
 18 – 27 January: 2013 Copa Centroamericana in
   (7th title)

 4th:
 19 January – 10 February: 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in
   (3rd title)

 4th:
 15 – 30 June: 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in
   (4th title)

 4th:
 6 – 20 July: 2013 COSAFA Cup in
   (4th title)

 4th:
 7 – 28 July: 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup in the
   (5th title)

 20 – 28 July: 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup in
   (1st title)

 4th:
 20 September – 2 October: 2013 SAFF Championship in
   (1st title)

 26 October – 2 November: 2013 UEMOA Tournament in
   (1st title)

 27 November – 12 December: 2013 CECAFA Cup in
   (6th title)

 4th:

Youth

 9 January – 3 February: 2013 South American Youth Championship in
   (3rd title)

 4th:
 18 February – 3 March: 2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship in
   (12th title)

 4th:
 7 – 15 March: 2013 Central American Games in
   (3rd title)

 4th:
 16 – 30 March: 2013 African U-20 Championship in
   (4th title)

 4th:
 17 – 30 March: 2013 OFC U-20 Championship in
   (5th title)

 4th:
 6 – 19 April: 2013 CONCACAF U-17 Championship in
   (5th title)

 4th:
 2 – 26 April: 2013 South American Under-17 Football Championship in

4th:
 13 – 27 April: 2013 African U-17 Championship in
  (1st title)

4th:
 17–25 April: OFC Under 17 Championship in
   (5th title)

 4th:
 5 – 17 May: 2013 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship in
   (3rd title)

 28 May – 8 June: 2013 U-21 Toulon Tournament in
   (7th title)

 4th:
 5 – 18 June: 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship in

 21 June – 13 July: 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in
   (1st title)

 4th:
 20 July – 1 August: 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship in
   (1st title)

 4th:
 17 October – 8 November: 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup in the

 4th:
 7 December – 21 December: 2013 Southeast Asian Games in

 4th:

 1: 2nd title for Russia since the Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. UEFA records treat Russia and the Soviet Union as the same.

Women's national teams
 6 – 13 March: 2013 Algarve Cup in
   (9th title)

 4th:
 25 – 28 June: 2013 UEFA Women's U-17 Championship in
   (1st title)

 4th:
 10 – 28 July: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 in
   (8th title)

 4th:
 20 – 27 July: 2013 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup in
   (1st title)

 4th:
 19 – 31 August: 2013 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship in
   (3rd title)

  ,
 26 September – 6 October: 2013 AFC U-16 Women's Championship in
   (3rd title)

 4th:
 11 – 20 October: 2013 AFC U-19 Women's Championship in
   (2nd title)

 4th:

News
 June 20 – Abby Wambach becomes the all-time leading international goal scorer for either men or women. Her four goals for the USA in a friendly against South Korea in Harrison, New Jersey bring her career total to 160, surpassing the 158 of fellow American Mia Hamm.

Fixed dates for national team matches
Scheduled international matches per their International Match Calendar. Also known as FIFA International Day/Date(s).
 6 February
 23–27 March
 8–12 June
 21 August
 7–11 September
 12–16 October
 16–20 November

Club continental champions

Men

Women

Domestic leagues

CONCACAF nations

Men

Women

CONMEBOL nations

Men

Women

AFC nations

Men

Women

UEFA nations

Men

Women

CAF nations

OFC nations

Domestic cups

UEFA nations

AFC nations

CONCACAF nations

CONMEBOL nations

Men

Women

CAF nations

Deaths

January
 1 January – Lucio Dell'Angelo, Italian footballer (born 1938)
 2 January – Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, Uruguayan footballer (born 1945)
 2 January – Rudolf Szanwald, Austrian footballer (born 1931)
 4 January – Lassaâd Ouertani, Tunisian footballer (born 1980)
 6 January – Jon Ander López, Spanish footballer (born 1976)
 8 January – Bernard Delcampe, French footballer (born 1932)
 8 January – Cornel Pavlovici, Romanian footballer (born 1942)
 12 January – Harry Fearnley, English footballer (born 1935)
 12 January – Roy Sinclair, English footballer (born 1944)
 13 January – Geoff Thomas, English footballer (born 1948)
 15 January – Zurab Popkhadze, Georgian footballer (born 1972)
 18 January – Martin Barbarič, Czech footballer (born 1970)
 18 January – Ken Jones, English footballer (born 1936)
 18 January – Alfons Lemmens, Dutch footballer (born 1919)
 19 January – Ian Wells, English footballer (born 1964)
 22 January – Jimmy Payne, English footballer (born 1926)
 23 January – Jacques Grimonpon, French footballer (born 1925)
 24 January – Dave Harper, English footballer (born 1938)
 24 January – Miroslav Janů, Czech footballer (born 1959)
 28 January – Ladislav Pavlovič, Slovak footballer (born 1926)
 29 January – Reg Jenkins, English footballer (born 1938)

February
 3 February – Wolfgang Abraham, German footballer (born 1942)
 3 February – Zlatko Papec, Croatian footballer (born 1934)
 8 February – Ron Hansell, English footballer (born 1930)
 8 February – Kjell Hjertsson, Swedish footballer (born 1922)
 8 February – Ian Lister, Scottish footballer (born 1946)
 11 February – Teodor Lucuță, Romanian footballer (born 1955)
 11 February – Alfred Zijai, Albanian footballer (born 1961)
 12 February – Jimmy Mulroy, Irish Gaelic footballer (born 1940)
 12 February – Frank Seator, Liberian striker (born 1975)
 14 February – Luis Cruzado, Peruvian football midfielder (born 1941)
 14 February – Zdeněk Zikán, Czech footballer (born 1937)
 18 February – Okey Isima, Nigerian footballer (born 1956)
 19 February – John Downie, Scottish footballer (born 1925)
 20 February – Emma McDougall, English footballer (born 1991)
 20 February – Antonio Roma, Argentine footballer (born 1932)
 20 February – Yussef Suleiman, Syrian footballer (born 1986)
 21 February – Nazem Ganjapour, Iranian footballer (born 1943)
 21 February – Hasse Jeppson, English footballer (born 1925)
 21 February – Dick Neal Jr., English footballer (born 1933)
 24 February – Seamus O'Connell, English footballer (born 1930)
 26 February – Dobrivoje Trivić, Serbian footballer (born 1943)
 27 February – Terry Twell, English footballer (born 1947)
 28 February – Theo Bos, Dutch footballer (born 1965)
 28 February – Jean Van Steen, Belgian footballer (born 1929)

March
 March 1 – Ludwig Zausinger, German footballer (84)
 March 2 – Jimmy Jackson, Scottish footballer (81)
 March 3 – Luis Cubilla, Uruguayan footballer (72)
 March 4 – Seki Matsunaga, Japanese footballer (84)
 March 4 – George Petherbridge, English footballer (85)
 March 6 – Dave Bewley, English footballer (92)
 March 7 – Dick Graham, English footballer (91)
 March 7 – Stan Keery, English footballer (81)
 March 7 – Willie McCulloch, Scottish footballer (85)
 March 7 – Jan Zwartkruis, Dutch footballer (87)
 March 8 – Kai Pahlman, Finnish footballer (77)
 March 12 – Gordon Pembery, Welsh footballer (86)
 March 14 – Harry Thomson, Scottish footballer (72)
 March 15 – Felipe Zetter, Mexican footballer (89)
 March 17 – François Sermon, Belgian footballer (89)
 March 20 – Vasile Ianul, Romanian footballer (67)
 March 21 – Angus Carmichael, Scottish footballer (87)
 March 21 – Aníbal Paz, Uruguayan goalkeeper, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (95)
 March 22 – Fred Jones, English footballer (75)
 March 24 – Derek Leaver, English footballer (82)
 March 24 – Paolo Ponzo, Italian footballer (41)
 March 26 – Jerzy Wyrobek, Polish footballer (63)
 March 31 – Ray Drake, English footballer (78)

April
 29 April: Kevin Moore, English footballer (born 1958)

May
 22 May: Brian Greenhoff, English international footballer (born 1953)
 24 May: Ron Davies, Welsh international footballer (born 1942)

June
 15 June: Heinz Flohe, German international footballer (born 1948)
 16 June: Ottmar Walter, German international footballer (born 1924)
 27 June: Stefano Borgonovo, Italian international footballer (born 1964)
 30 June: Ingvar Rydell, Swedish international footballer (born 1922)

July
 1 July: Bent Schmidt-Hansen, Danish footballer (born 1946)
 1 July: Ján Zlocha, Slovak footballer (born 1942)
 4 July: Jack Crompton, English footballer (born 1921)
 8 July: Albert Dehert, Belgian footballer (born 1921)
 8 July: Dave Hickson, English footballer (born 1929)
 9 July: Andrzej Czyżniewski, Polish footballer (born 1953)
 14 July: George Smith, English footballer (born 1921)
 17 July: Luis Ubiña, Uruguayan footballer (born 1940)
 18 July: Anatoly Budayev, Belarusian footballer (born 1969)
 19 July: Bert Trautmann, German footballer (born 1923)
 19 July: Phil Woosnam, Welsh footballer (born 1932)
 20 July: André Grobéty, Swiss footballer (born 1933)
 22 July: Lawrie Reilly, Scottish international footballer (born 1928)
 23 July: Luis Mendez, Belizean footballer (born 1990)
 23 July: Djalma Santos, Brazilian international footballer (born 1929)
 27 July: Sékou Camara, Malian footballer (born 1985)
 29 July: Christian Benítez, Ecuadorian international footballer (born 1986)
 30 July: Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer (born 1924)

August
 1 August: Collin McAdam, Scottish footballer (born 1951)
 1 August: Ritham Madubun, Indonesian footballer (born 1971)
 2 August: Kurt Ehrmann, German international footballer (born 1922)
 3 August: Jack Hynes, Scottish footballer (born 1920)
 4 August: Wilf Carter, English footballer (born 1933)
 5 August: Malcolm Barrass, English footballer (born 1924)
 6 August: Steve Aizlewood, Welsh footballer (born 1952)
 6 August: Dave Wagstaffe, English footballer (born 1943)
 6 August: Selçuk Yula, Turkish footballer (born 1959)
 7 August: Keith Skillen, English footballer (born 1948)
 8 August: Chikondi Banda Malawian footballer (born 1979)
 8 August: Johnny Hamilton, Scottish footballer (born 1935)
 11 August: Bob Bignall, Australian footballer (born 1922)
 13 August: Alfonso Lara, Chilean footballer (born 1946)
 13 August: Jean Vincent, French footballer (born 1930)
 16 August: John Ryden, Scottish footballer (born 1931)
 16 August: Francesco Scaratti, Italian footballer (born 1939)
 19 August: Reha Eken, Turkish footballer (born 1925)
 20 August: Costică Ștefănescu, Romanian footballer (born 1951)
 20 August: Fred Martin, Scottish footballer (born 1929)
 22 August: Andrea Servi, Italian footballer (born 1984)
 24 August: Newton de Sordi, Brazilian international footballer (born 1931)
 25 August: Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian international footballer (born 1930)
 27 August: Zoltán Kovács, Hungarian footballer (born 1986)
 27 August: Héctor Sanabria, Argentine footballer (born 1985)
 28 August: László Gyetvai, Hungarian footballer (born 1918)
 28 August: Francis Kajiya, Zambian footballer (born 1954)
 28 August: Barry Stobart, English footballer (born 1938)
 29 August: Artan Bushati, Albanian football coach (born 1963)

September
 1 September: Ignacio Eizaguirre, Spanish international footballer (born 1920)
 4 September: Ferdinand Biwersi, German referee (born 1934)
 7 September: Wolfgang Frank, German footballer and manager (born 1951)
 7 September: Marek Špilár, Slovakian international footballer (born 1975)
 11 September: Fernand Boone, Belgian international footballer (born 1934)
 19 September: Gerrie Mühren, Dutch international footballer (born 1946)
 23 September: Vlatko Marković, Yugoslavian international footballer (born 1937)

October
 1 October: Peter Broadbent, English international footballer (born  1933)
 14 October: Bruno Metsu, French footballer (born 1954)

November
 3 November: Ryszard Kraus Polish international footballer (born 1964)
 5 November: Stuart Williams Welsh international footballer (born 1930)
 12 November: Erik Dyreborg, Danish footballer (born 1940)
 14 November: Bennett Masinga, South African international footballer (born 1965)
 16 November: Arne Pedersen, Norwegian international footballer (born 1931)
 24 November: Amedeo Amadei, Italian international footballer and manager (born 1921)
 25 November: Bill Foulkes, English international footballer and manager (born 1932)
 27 November: Nílton Santos, Brazilian international footballer (born 1925)

December
 2 December: Pedro Rocha, Uruguayan international footballer (born 1942)
 18 December: Büyük Jeddikar, Iranian international footballer (born 1929)
 24 December: Serghei Stroenco, Moldovan international footballer (born 1967)
 29 December: Ilya Tsymbalar, Ukrainian and Russian international footballer (born 1969)
 30 December: Akeem Adams, Trinidadian international footballer (born 1991)

References

External links
 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) – FIFA.com

Category:Association football by year


SAR North–South Railway line

The North–South Railway line is a  railway line built by Saudi Railway Company (SAR) in Saudi Arabia. Operation on  long freight part of the project connecting Al-Haditha and Jalamid with new port city Ras Al-Khair was started in Jan 2015.
An 85 km link is planned which would connect the North–South railway with the port at Jubail.

The line starts from Al-Jalamid mine which is located in the northeast in the Northern Territory, through Al-Jawf and Hail until arriving at the "AlBaithah railway junction" in the Qassim region. It then headed toward the southeast for processing and export facilities at Ras Al-Khair in the Eastern Province near Jubail. The line shares infrastructure with the SAR Riyadh-Qurayyat Line between Buraidah and Al Nafud. The line is a dedicated freight corridor, however, the SAR Riyadh-Qurayyat Line operates only passenger services.

The first six of 25 EMD SD70ACS freight locomotives ordered in April 2009 were handed over to SAR at Port Dammam on 22 August 2010.

Passenger diesel push–pull trains made by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles arrived in April 2015, and are designed to run at 200 km/h up to 55 degrees C. Each of the SAR trains includes a restaurant car, family zone and a prayer compartment, as well as both seating and sleeping cars. They are expected to run in formations of nine and 13 cars.

See also

 Saudi Railways Organization (SRO)
 Saudi Railway Company (SAR)
 Transport in Saudi Arabia

References

External links
 Map of the project
  Saudi Railway Company

Category:Railway lines in Saudi Arabia
Railway stations


Philo Vance's Secret Mission

Philo Vance's Secret Mission is a 1947 American mystery film directed by Reginald Le Borg and starring Alan Curtis, Sheila Ryan and Tala Birell. It was part of a series of films featuring the detective Philo Vance made during the 1930s and 1940s.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Edward C. Jewell and Perry Smith.

Synopsis
Philo Vance is approached by the head of a publishing company to become an advisor on a series of crime novels they are releasing. Before long he is embroiled in a case about the mysterious killing of one of the partners in the company.

Cast
 Alan Curtis as Philo Vance
 Sheila Ryan as Mona Bannister
 Tala Birell as Mrs. Elizabeth Phillips
 Frank Jenks as Ernie Clark
 James Bell as Sheriff Harry Madison
 Frank Fenton as Paul Morgan
 Paul Maxey as Martin Jamison
 Kenneth Farrell as Joe, the Photographer
 Toni Todd as Louise Roberts aka Mrs. Paul Morgan
 David Leonard as Carl Wilson
 William Newell as Deputy
 Tom Quinn as Haddon Phillips
 Harry Strang as Ship's Purser
 Frank Wilcox as Thaddius Carter

References

Bibliography
 Backer, Ron. Mystery Movie Series of 1930s Hollywood. McFarland, 2012.

External links

Category:1947 films
Category:1940s mystery films
Category:English-language films
Category:American films
Category:American mystery films
Category:Films directed by Reginald Le Borg
Category:Producers Releasing Corporation films
Category:Eagle-Lion Films films
Category:American black-and-white films


Tonna, Germany

Tonna is a municipality in the district of Gotha, in Thuringia, Germany.

References

Category:Gotha (district)
Category:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Category:Bezirk Erfurt


The Carpenters...Space Encounters

The Carpenters...Space Encounters is a television special featuring the American pop duo The Carpenters. It was first shown on ABC on May 17, 1978.

Synopsis
Space Encounters begins with Richard and Karen Carpenter performing "Sweet, Sweet Smile" in their recording studio, assisted by Charlie Callas. As they are performing, we see that they are being observed by the occupants of an alien spaceship (John Davidson and Suzanne Somers) who are on their way to Earth to meet The Carpenters. After Richard and Karen finish the song, the lights in the studio begin to flicker uncontrollably and musical instruments begin to move and play by themselves. At that moment, John teleports down to the studio and tells Richard and Karen how the people from his planet lack the ability to make music and he requests their help. Richard and Karen tell John about their earlier days in music and John uses his hi-tech pocket video screen to show The Carpenters performing "Fun Fun Fun" and "Dancing in the Street". After watching them, John tells them he wants to try singing himself and teleports to a more romantic setting to perform "Just the Way You Are".

The Carpenters continue to reminisce about their earlier recordings and they perform "Goofus" in an old garage, similar to the one in which they recorded their first record.

Richard, on piano, then performs the Space Encounters Medley, which includes the themes to Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Star Wars, on stage with a full orchestra, complete with laser and starlight effects.

Back in the recording studio, Karen and John continue to reminisce about her early days in music and she performs "Little Girl Blue". Afterwards, everybody teleports up to the spaceship's own nightclub, "The Galaxy Room", where Richard plays "Piano Picker", and Karen and Suzanne perform "Man Smart, Woman Smarter". Karen and John then perform "The Old-Fashioned Way" and then the whole cast (complete with dancers) perform a disco-medley including "The Hustle", "Boogie Nights" and "I Could Have Danced All Night".

The Carpenters then perform "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" and the show ends with an instrumental version of "We've Only Just Begun".

Guest stars
 John Davidson
 Suzanne Somers
 Charlie Callas

Carpenters songs performed on Space Encounters
"Sweet, Sweet Smile" – Passage (1977)
"Fun Fun Fun" – Now & Then (1973)
"Dancing in the Street" – As Time Goes By (2001)
"Goofus" – A Kind of Hush (1976)
Space Encounters Medley – As Time Goes By (2001)
"Little Girl Blue" – Lovelines (1989)
"Piano Picker" – A Song for You (1972)
"Man Smart, Woman Smarter" – Passage (1977)
"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" – Passage (1977)

External links

Space Encounters
Category:Music television specials
Category:1978 television specials
Category:1970s American television specials


Faramea

Faramea is a genus of plant in the family Rubiaceae.

Species include:

 F. angusta C. M. Taylor
 F. biflora J. G. Jardim & Zappi
 F. capillipes
 F. exemplaris Standl.
 F. hymenocalyx M. Gomes
 F. nocturna J. G. Jardim & Zappi
 F. oligantha Müll. Arg.
 F. paratiensis M. Gomes
 F. picinguabae M. Gomes
 F. quadricostata
 F. vasquezii C. M. Taylor

References

Category:Rubiaceae genera
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


United Energy Group

The United Energy Group (UEG) () is a Chinese oil & gas exploration and production company. The company pursues projects in Pakistan and Indonesia and is looking into further investment options in South East Asia and the Americas.

Corporate affairs
UEG is a Hong Kong listed company but controlled by Zhang Hongwei, a majority shareholder in mainland China, who owns 71.7% of the company.

China
The company undertook a joint venture with the China National Petroleum Company to develop the Liaohe EOR Project in Liaoning, China until it announced termination of the project in 2016.

Pakistan
United Energy Pakistan (UEP) is the company's subsidiary in Pakistan with a footprint in Sindh province of Pakistan, around 100 km to the east of Karachi. United Energy Group had acquired the Pakistani assets from British Petroleum in September 2011 and BP Pakistan thus became UEP. In 2012, UEG secured a credit line of $5 billion from China Development Bank for its Pakistani operations and other potential acquisitions.

Company's asset cover Badin, Tando Muhammad Khan, Tando Allahyar, Thatta, Hyderabad (rural), Matiari, Sanghar, Mirpur Khas and khairpur  of the Sindh province. Currently, there are active production and exploration blocks in Sindh province and four offshore exploration blocks in the Arabian Sea. The company also won bids for two new exploration blocks, Digri and Sanghar South, which lie adjacent to UEP's Mirpur Khas Khipro concession areas.

External links

 UEP Website

References

Category:Oil and gas companies of Pakistan


2007 Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council election

Elections to Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council were held on 3 May 2007.  One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was
Labour 50
Liberal Democrat 13

Election result

5 Labour candidates were uncontested.

Ward results

External links
Knowsley borough elections 2007

2007
Category:2007 English local elections
Category:2000s in Merseyside


Dodsworth (novel)

Dodsworth is a satirical novel by American writer Sinclair Lewis, first published by Harcourt Brace & Company in March 1929. Its subject, the differences between US and European intellect, manners, and morals, is one that frequently appears in the works of Henry James.

Plot summary
The novel is set in the period between late 1925 and late 1927.  Samuel ('Sam') Dodsworth is an ambitious and innovative automobile designer, who builds his fortunes in fictional Zenith, Winnemac. In addition to his success in the business world, he had also succeeded as a young man in winning the hand of Frances 'Fran' Voelker, a beautiful young socialite. While the novel provides the courtship as a backstory, the real story begins upon his retirement. Retiring at the age of fifty as a result of his selling of his successful automobile company (The Revelation Motor Company) to a far larger competitor, he sets out to do what he had always wanted to experience: a leisurely trip to Europe with his wife, with aspirations to visit some manufacturing plants looking for his next challenge. His forty-one-year-old wife, however, motivated by her own vanity and fear of lost youth, is dissatisfied with married life and small town Zenith, and wants to live in Europe permanently as an expatriate, not just visit for a few months. Passing up advancement in his recently sold company, Dodsworth leaves for Europe with Fran. Her motivations upon visiting Europe become quickly known.

In their extensive travels across Europe, they are soon caught up in vastly different lifestyles. Fran falls in with a crowd of frivolous socialites, while Sam plays more of an independent tourist. 'With his red Baedeker guide book in hand, he visits such well-known tourist attractions as Westminster Abbey, Notre Dame Cathedral, Sanssouci Palace, and the Piazza San Marco. But the historic sites that he sees prove to be far less significant than the American expatriates that he meets on his extensive journeys across Great Britain and continental Europe'  He meets Edith Cortright, an expatriate American widow in Venice, who is everything his wife is not: self-assured, self-confident, unselfish and able to take care of herself. As Sam and Fran follow their own pursuits, their marriage is strained to the breaking point. Both are forced to choose between marriage and the new lifestyles they have pursued.

The novel includes detailed descriptions of Sam and Fran's tours across Europe. In the beginning, they leave their mid-Western hometown of Zenith, board a steam liner in New York and cross the Atlantic Ocean. Their first stop is England. They visit the sights in London and are invited by Major Clyde Lockert to join a weekend trip to the countryside. Later, after Lockert has made an indecent proposal to Fran, they depart for Paris, where she soon engages in a busy social life and he takes up sightseeing. When Sam decides to go back to America for his college reunion in New Haven, Fran spends the summer months on the lakes near Montreux and Stresa, where she has a romance with Arnold Israel. Once Sam has picked her up in Paris, they agree to continue their travels together, touring France, Italy, Spain, Austria, Hungary and Germany. Their marriage comes to an end when she falls in love with Kurt von Obersdorf in Berlin. Whereas she stays on with her new love, he criss-crosses Europe in an attempt to cope with his new situation. When Sam happens to run into Edith in Venice, she persuades him to accompany her on a visit to a village in the vicinity of Naples. Fran's fiancé calls off the marriage, and
Sam joins his former wife on her voyage back to New York. Three days later, he is back on the next ship to meet Edith in Paris.

Adaptations
The novel was adapted for the stage in 1934 by Sidney Howard and filmed by producer Samuel Goldwyn in 1936 and directed by William Wyler. It starred Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton and Mary Astor. A 1995 musical adaptation that was staged in Fort Worth, Texas with Hal Linden and Dee Hoty.

Analysis
In his analysis of the novel, Martin R. Ausmus has described Dodsworth as Lewis' "most sympathetic yet most savage", "most real" and "truest picture of the middle class" of America at the time.  Michael Augspurger has noted the influence of the ideas of Thorstein Veblen in his analysis of the presence of ideas and ideology related to business in the novel.

References

External links

Category:1929 American novels
Category:American novels adapted into films
Category:American satirical novels
Category:Harcourt (publisher) books
Category:Midwestern United States in fiction
Category:American novels adapted into plays
Category:Novels by Sinclair Lewis
Category:Novels set in Europe