Philosophical Gourmet Report

The Philosophical Gourmet Report (also known as the Leiter Report or PGR), founded by philosophy and law professor Brian Leiter and now edited by philosophy professors Berit Brogaard and Christopher Pynes, is a ranking of graduate programs in philosophy in the English-speaking world.

Background
The "Gourmet" Report ranking was created in response to the Gourman Report, and is based on a survey of philosophers who are nominated as evaluators by the Report's Advisory Board.  Its purpose is to provide guidance to prospective Ph.D students, particularly those students who intend to pursue a professional career in academic philosophy. The Report first appeared on the web in 1996; it has been distributed by Blackwell since 1997.

In 1989, while he was a graduate student, Leiter made a subjective list of what he believed to be the top 25 graduate philosophy programs in the United States, which came to be the PGR.   The PGR was described by David L. Kirp in a 2003 New York Times op-ed as "the bible for prospective [philosophy] graduate students."  George Yancy, in Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge (SUNY Press, 2012), opined that Philosophical Gourmet Report ranking: "is, of course, very controversial. However, as is often pointed out, there is no real alternative." Carlin Romano, in America the Philosophical (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2013), referred to the PGR rankings as "often-criticized" and "biased towards mainstream analytic departments".

In 2002, 175 philosophers signed an open letter calling on Leiter to stop producing the PGR. In fall 2014, over 600 philosophers signed a petition to boycott the PGR. The petition was organized by some philosophers at University of British Columbia to protest what they called a "derogatory and intimidating" e-mail sent by Leiter to one of their colleagues. Leiter claimed the recipient had threatened him. 24 of the 56 members of the Advisory Board of the PGR recommended he relinquish control over the Report's management. In response, Leiter appointed Berit Brogaard, a philosophy professor at the University of Miami, as co-editor for the 2014 report and agreed to step down as editor of subsequent editions. Leiter subsequently appointed Christopher Pynes of Western Illinois University as co-editor of future editions.

Overall ranking worldwide (top 10)

See also
 College and university rankings

References

External links
 The Philosophical Gourmet Report

Category:Philosophy education
Category:Philosophical literature
Category:Philosophy websites
Category:University and college rankings


PKP class Ok22

PKP class Ok22 is a class of ordinary passenger (O) 4-6-0 (k) steam locomotive designed in 1922 for
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways, PKP). It was the first locomotive designed in Poland after World War I, so the design work was done jointly with Hanomag, based on the Prussian P 8 (PKP class Ok1)

History

Introduction
The first five engines were built in Germany by Hanomag in 1923. Polish production started in 1928 and lasted until 1934 after which 185 locomotives had been manufactured by Fablok in Chrzanów.  The first Polish-built locomotive (Ok22-6) was ready on December 31, 1928. Polish versions of the locomotive bore some improvements and changes compared with German ones, and were similar to PKP class Ty23. Ok22 locomotives were the first on the PKP to be equipped with electric lights.

Wartime
After the German invasion of Poland in World War II, most Ok22 locomotives were taken into the Deutsche Reichsbahn fleet as 38 4501 to 38 4630.

Present day
Only two examples have survived. Ok22-23 in Jaworzyna Śląska and Ok22-31 in Wolsztyn. Ok22-31 is still operational. It ran until 1997, and after retirement became a stationary exhibit. In 2004 the machine was restored to working order.

See also
PKP classification system

References

Ok22
Category:4-6-0 locomotives
Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1923
Category:Fablok locomotives
Category:Hanomag locomotives
Category:Standard gauge locomotives of Poland


Barkwell Bay 192I

Barkwell Bay 192I is an Indian reserve of the English River First Nation in Saskatchewan.

References

Category:Indian reserves in Saskatchewan


Bolsover Street

Bolsover Street is in the Parish of St Marylebone in London’s West End. In administrative terms it lies within the City of Westminster's Marylebone High Street Ward and is partly in the Harley Street Conservation Area whilst also sitting on the edges of the Regents Park and East Marylebone Conservation Areas.

The predominant land use on Bolsover Street is office business use, mixed with hotels (and YHA Hostel), medical and professional activity.  Numerous communications, new media and broadcast entities are located in offices on the street.  Residential presence on the street is strongest at its northern and closest end to Regent's Park and Regent's Place.  The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital has been present on the street since 1907.

Bolsover Street's History

Bolsover Street – part of the Portland Estate – was laid out as part of the overall development of this area in the 18th century, originally under the name of Norton Street and Upper Norton Street.  Prior to this, Rocque’s map of c 1746 shows the site to be mainly open fields with Bilson's farm located to the north and further buildings to the east. Small scale hand-dug quarries (pits) for road construction and ponds were also noted to be in the area at that time.

Later, in the 1870s, it had a change of name – to Bolsover Street – reflecting its links to the Cavendish family and their estate in Derbyshire.  Unlike the gradual development of Great Portland Street, this street was almost entirely built up before the end of the 18th century with fairly consistent small terraces.  Also around this time, the area was described to be  home to many artists' and sculptors' studios.   Richard Wilson, the landscape painter, Sir David Wilkie, the Scottish painter and Sir William Chambers, the architect are said to have lived on Bolsover Street.

However, there was significant rebuilding at the beginning of the 20th century.  In 1907, the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital first occupied the northern end of Bolsover Street, when the National Orthopaedic Hospital on Great Portland Street was amalgamated with two other hospitals.  In the street as a whole, the rebuilding along the western side was mostly related to the redevelopment along Great Portland Street, where the large Edwardian buildings were constructed to take up the whole width of the block with their backs facing on to Bolsover Street.  There was also much rebuilding along the eastern side, with several of the terraced houses from the first development demolished in small groups and built over with larger buildings.

As such, much about Bolsover Street was already altered from its original form and character even before The Blitz, in which some buildings were only superficially damaged but others were damaged beyond repair.  This destruction necessarily led to a fair amount of reconstruction in the second half of the 20th century.  Another factor in Bolsover Street's changing face in the last century has been the continued growth and development of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. The most recent instance of this has been the opening of the new central London Outpatient Assessment Centre and the associated residential development.  The Centre maintains the Hospital's original Outpatients’ Hall with murals by Nan West, a student of the Slade School, The murals cover some 90 square metres and are reminiscent of the pre-Raphaelites.  These murals were restored in 1996, and were listed Grade II in 1998 as being of special historic interest This latest initiative has brought some of the activity and visual interest over from the neighbouring streets to enliven Bolsover Street for the 21st century.

Bolsover Street's streetscape is a mix of Edwardian institutional and mansion-block style buildings, modern offices and other commercial buildings and a large post-war hotel building and residential buildings. Its buildings are typically presented in red, red/brown or stock brickwork with stone dressings to the windows, entrances  and cornice lines. Its buildings are mostly 6-9 storeys high with mansard roofs and one or two levels of dormer windows.  The predominant land use on Bolsover Street is office business use, hotels  mixed with medical and professional activity.  Numerous communications, new media and broadcast entities are located on the street.

Recent development activity is leading to a growing residential presence especially at the north end of Bolsover Street.  Community efforts have successfully led to trees lining the length of Bolsover Street.  Alan Titchmarsh, celebrity broadcaster and gardening expert, planted an elm tree to mark the arrival of 48 new trees in Bolsover Street in April 2011.

Bolsover Street & Public Transport
Local London Underground stations for Bolsover Street are in order of proximity Great Portland Street, Regents Park, Warren Street, and Oxford Circus.  Buses numbered 88, C2, 18, 27, 30, 205, 189, 3, 12, and 55 stop within a close distance (<5 minutes walk) from Bolsover Street.  A large underground parking facility is located close by in Clipstone Mews.

Sources
 Alan Baxter & Associates LLP, London
 Westminster City Council Archive Centre, London
 Rocque, J, 1746 ‘A Plan of the Cities of London Westminster and Southwark with contiguous buildings from an actual survey’ by John Rocque, reproduced in Margart, H, 1971 ‘A plan of the Cities of London Westminster and Southwark’ by John Rocque, 1746, Margary in assoc Guildhall Library, Kent
 R. Horwood, 1799, Plan of the cities of London and Westminster, the Borough of Southwark, and parts adjoining, shewing every house
 British Library Crace Collection London Map Archive
 1834 Topographical survey of the Borough of St. Marylebone
 Westminster City Council Conservation Area Audits
 Westminster City Council Harley Street Conservation Area Audit 2008
 NHS RNOH Bolsover Street Project Web Site
 Portland Village Amenity Web Site
 W1W Street Tree Planting Initiative for Marylebone - Phase IV for Bolsover Street
  1929 British Pathe newsreel footage regarding the National Othopedic Hospital on Bolsover Street

References

External links
 Bolsover Street FB Community Page

Category:Streets in the City of Westminster
Category:Marylebone


As Long as You're Near Me

As Long as You're Near Me () is a 1953 West German drama film directed by Harald Braun. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival.

Cast
 Brigitte Horney as Mona Arendt
 O.W. Fischer as Frank Tornau
 Maria Schell as Eva Berger
 Walter Richter as Willi
 Liesl Karlstadt as L'habilleuse
 Mathias Wieman as Paul
 Hardy Krüger as Stefan Berger
 Paul Bildt as Bentz
 Heini Göbel
 Hans Henn
 Michael Lenz
 Wolfgang Molander
 Gudrun Rabente
 Rudolf Vogel

References

External links

Category:1953 films
Category:1950s drama films
Category:German drama films
Category:West German films
Category:German-language films
Category:German black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Harald Braun
Category:Films about filmmaking


Elisabeth, Count of Sponheim-Kreuznach

Elisabeth of Sponheim and Vianden, Duchess of Bavaria (1360 - 31 July 1417) was a German noblewoman. She was the last countess at Sponheim of the rear line and countess of Vianden. In 1381 she married Engelbert III of the Mark.

category:1360 births
category:1417 deaths
category:House of Sponheim


Kšinná

Kšinná () is a village and municipality in Bánovce nad Bebravou District in the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia.

History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1352.

Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 350 metres and covers an area of 41.249 km². It has a population of about 540 people.

External links

 Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html

Category:Villages and municipalities in Bánovce nad Bebravou District


Swords and Sorcery

For the combination table-top and role-playing game by SPI, see Swords & Sorcery (SPI). For the video game, see Swords and Sorcery (video game).

Swords and Sorcery is an anthology of fantasy short stories in the sword and sorcery subgenre, edited by L. Sprague de Camp and illustrated by Virgil Finlay. It was first published in paperback by Pyramid Books in 1963. It was first sword and sorcery anthology ever assembled, and was followed by three additional such anthologies edited by de Camp. It has also been translated into German.

The book collects eight sword and sorcery tales by various authors, with an overall introduction by de Camp. The piece by Poul Anderson introduced his Cappen Varra character, later one of the foundational characters of the Thieves' World shared world anthologies edited by Robert Asprin and Lynn Abbey.

Contents
"Introduction: Heroic Fantasy" (L. Sprague de Camp)
"The Valor of Cappen Varra" (Poul Anderson)
"The Distressing Tale of Thangobrind the Jeweler" (Lord Dunsany)
"Shadows in the Moonlight" (Robert E. Howard)
"The Citadel of Darkness" (Henry Kuttner)
"While the Sea King's Away" (Fritz Leiber)
"The Doom that Came to Sarnath" (H. P. Lovecraft)
"Hellsgarde" (C. L. Moore)
"The Testament of Athammaus" (Clark Ashton Smith)

Notes

Category:1963 short story collections
Category:Fantasy anthologies
Category:L. Sprague de Camp anthologies
Category:Sword and sorcery


John Hastings (MP)

John Hastings (c. 1525 – c. 1585) was an English politician.

Hastings was MP for Leicester in 1559, Bridport in 1563, Reading in 1571, and Poole in 1572.

References

Category:1525 births
Category:1585 deaths
Category:People of the Tudor period
Category:English MPs 1559
Category:English MPs 1563–1567
Category:English MPs 1571
Category:English MPs 1572–1583


Justo Daract, San Luis

Justo Daract is a town in the San Luis province of Argentina.  The population is 9,680 (2001 est.). It is named after Justo Daract, the first governor of San Luis who served in the 1850s and 1860s.

The Mayor of Justo Daract is Alfredo Ramón Domínguez, MNP.

History

Sorghum Provincial Festival

Tax Free Zone

Free Zone

International Tango Festival

Category:Populated places in San Luis Province


Georgia Northern Railway

The Boston and Albany Railroad was chartered in 1891 to build a rail line from Boston to Albany, Georgia, United States.  After two years, very little progress had been made and the railroad was purchased by the Pidcock Family who had founded a private logging railroad in the early 1890s that ran north from Pidcock, Georgia.

The Pidcocks combined their assets into the Georgia Northern Railway.  The railroad was operating between Albany and Boston by 1905. They then began purchasing other railroads.  It bought the Flint River and Northeastern Railroad in 1910, the Georgia, Ashburn, Sylvester and Camilla Railway in 1922, and the Georgia Southwestern and Gulf Railroad in 1939. The coterie of roads became known as the Pidcock Kingdom shortlines in Sowega.

The Southern Railway took over the Georgia Northern in 1966, fully merging it with the Albany and Northern Railway and the GAS&C (apparently included in the GN purchase) in 1972, but maintaining the GN name for the subsidiary.  It was eventually merged into the Georgia Southern and Florida Railway on December 31, 1993.

References

Category:Defunct Georgia (U.S. state) railroads
Category:Predecessors of the Southern Railway (U.S.)
Category:Railway companies established in 1894
Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1993
Category:1894 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:1993 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


Littler

Littler is an English surname, derived from the place name Littleover, a village in Derbyshire. Some sources also describe it as also originating from a hamlet called Little Over in Cheshire.

People with the surname
 Diane S. Littler, U.S. phycologist
Emile Littler (born 1903), English theatrical impresario, producer and author
Gene Littler (1930–2019), American golfer
John Littler (18th century), English professional cricketer
Matt Littler (born 1982), English actor
Oswald Littler (1907–1970), English footballer
Prince Littler (1901-1973), British television executive
Stuart Littler (born 1979), English rugby league player
Susan Littler (1948-1982), English actress

See also
Littler Mendelson, an American law firm

References

Category:English toponymic surnames


Stéphane Ortelli

Stéphane Ortelli (born 30 March 1970 in Hyères, Var, France) is a Monegasque professional racing driver with three world championship titles. He has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in  with Allan McNish and Laurent Aïello and the Spa 24 Hours in 2003 with Romain Dumas and Marc Lieb. He's also won the GT1 Class at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2005 with David Brabham and Darren Turner. Currently, he is an Emil Frey Racing driver competing and developing the Jaguar and Lexus GT racing cars in the Blancpain Endurance Series and the VLN series.

Career
1995: Winner of Supertouring Criterium BMW/Oreca / 5 victories
1998: Winner of 24 Hours of Le Mans, Porsche 911 GT1-98
2002: Winner of Porsche Supercup 3 victories & 4 podiums
2002: Winner of FIA GT World Championship N-GT class Porsche 911 GT3-RS / 7 victories & 1 podium
2003: Winner of FIA GT World Championship N-GT class Porsche 911 GT3-RS / 3 victories & 3 podiums
2003: Winner of Spa 24 Hours Porsche 911 GT3-RS
2004: Winner of Porsche Cup / 5 victories & 7 podiums
2005: Winner of 12 Hours of Sebring in GT1 Class with Prodrive Aston Martin DBR9.
2005: World Touring Car Championship with Team Oreca (SEAT Toledo)
2005: Le Mans Series with Audi PlayStation Team Oreca (Audi R8) / 1 Win
2005: 24 Hours of Le Mans with Audi PlayStation Team ORECA (Audi R8) / 4th Overall
2006: Le Mans Series with Team Oreca (Saleen S7R) / 2 Victories
2007: Winner of Le Mans Series with Team Oreca (Saleen S7R)
2007: FIA GT Championship GT2 class with AF Corse (Ferrari F430)
2012: Winner of Blancpain Endurance Series with Belgian Audi Club Team WRT (Audi R8 LMS ultra)
2013: Winner of Blancpain Sprint Series/2013 FIA GT Series season with Belgian Audi Club Team WRT (Audi R8 LMS ultra)
2014: 3rd overall of Blancpain Endurance Series with Saintéloc Racing (Audi R8 LMS ultra)
2015: 3rd overall of Blancpain Endurance Series with Belgian Audi Club Team WRT (Audi R8 LMS ultra)
2015: Winner of the Sepang 12 Hours with Belgian Audi Club Team WRT (Audi R8 LMS)

Monza Le Mans Series 2008 crash
On 27 April 2008, during a Le Mans Series race at the Monza circuit, a mechanic issue caused his Courage car to slide and spin onto the grass. This in turn instigated a cartwheeling motion upon the vehicle, which resulted in most of the car's bodywork and all but one wheel being torn off before it came to rest on the opposite side of the track. It narrowly missed the tail of Allan McNish's Audi R10 which was in front. Ortelli sustained a broken ankle as a result.

Career results

24 Hours of Le Mans results

Partial Porsche Supercup results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† — Did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

‡ — Not eligible for points.

Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

FIA GT competition results

Complete GT1 World Championship results

Complete FIA GT Series results

Complete Blancpain GT World Challenge Europe results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Hyères
Category:Monegasque racing drivers
Category:World Touring Car Championship drivers
Category:French people of Italian descent
Category:American Le Mans Series drivers
Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
Category:24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
Category:European Le Mans Series drivers
Category:FIA GT1 World Championship drivers
Category:Porsche Supercup drivers
Category:Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
Category:International GT Open drivers
Category:24 Hours of Spa drivers


Bradford Lyttle

Bradford Lyttle (born November 20, 1927) is an American pacifist and peace activist. He was an organizer with the Committee for Non-Violent Action of several major campaigns against militarism, including "Omaha Action", against land-based nuclear missiles (1959); "Polaris Action" against submarine-based nuclear missiles (1960); the San Francisco to Moscow Peace Walk (1961); and the Quebec-Washington-Guantanamo Peace Walk (1963).

In 1965 Bradford gave lectures on 'Non-Violent resistance' for the newly founded Free University of New York.

Among his theoretical works are a 1958 pamphlet presenting the case for nonviolent national defense against aggression; and a mathematical formula called "The Apocalypse Equation", which argues that, over time, the probability of nuclear missiles being used approaches 100%.
Lyttle claimed that a University of Chicago statistician had checked his work on the "Apocalypse Equation."
In Note 21 to his Presidential Address to the American Statistical Association published in 1988, University of Chicago Statistics Professor William Kruskal mentions Lyttle's "Apocalypse Equation" as an example of the error of assuming causal independence of events when calculating the probability of a resultant event over time, as an example which "stretches to the limit … the appropriateness of probabilistic data"

He is also the founder and perennial candidate for the office of President of the United States of the United States Pacifist Party. He ran as a write-in candidate in the 1984, 1996, and 2000 elections, and on the ballot in the state of Colorado in 2008.  In 2008 Lyttle came in second to last of sixteen candidates in Colorado for which he received 110 votes, beating only Gene Amondson of the Prohibition Party.  In Colorado, Amondson came in last place among all candidates with ballot access (though Amondson won enough votes elsewhere to surpass Lyttle's total nationally).

Lyttle has been arrested for nonviolent peaceful demonstrations many times. In 1996, Lyttle, David Dellinger, and Abbie Hoffman's son, Andrew, were among ten people arrested for a sit-in at the Chicago Federal Building during the first Democratic National Convention held in Chicago since 1968.

Works
 National Defense Thru Nonviolent Resistance (1958)
 Essays on Nonviolent Action (1959)
 Peace and independence for South Vietnam: By nonviolent resistance or guerilla warfare? (1965)
 You Come With Naked Hands: The Story of the San Francisco to Moscow March for Peace (1966)
 The Chicago Anti-Vietnam War Movement (1988)
 Peace Activist: The Autobiography of Bradford Lyttle [Kindle Edition] (2014)
 The Flaw in Deterrence (2017)

See also
List of peace activists

References

Category:1927 births
Category:Living people
Category:American pacifists
Category:American tax resisters
Category:Candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election
Category:Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:Activists from Chicago
Category:War Resisters League activists
Category:Politicians from Chicago


Glenarm Upper

Glenarm Upper is a barony in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. To its east runs the east-Antrim coast, and it is bordered by four other baronies: Glenarm Lower to the north; Antrim Lower to the west; Antrim Upper to the south-west; and Belfast Lower to the south. Chaine Tower, situated at the entrance to Larne Lough, is located within Glenarm Upper.

List of settlements
Below is a list of settlements in Glenarm Upper:

Towns
Larne (Glenarm Upper portion)

Villages and population centres
Ballygalley
Craigy Hill
Kilwaughter
Millbrook
West End

List of civil parishes
Below is a list of civil parishes in Glenarm Upper:
Carncastle
Kilwaughter
Larne

References

Category:Clandeboye


Innocence (2004 film)

Innocence is a 2004 French mystery drama film written and directed by Lucile Hadžihalilović, inspired by the novella Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls by Frank Wedekind, and starring Marion Cotillard. The film follows a year in the life of the girls in the third dormitory at a secluded boarding school, where new students arrive in coffins.

Plot
After a series of images of rushing water, forest, and dark, empty subterranean hallways, six-year-old Iris arrives topless inside a coffin placed in a dormitory's common area, where she is met with general warmth and curiosity by the other six girls who live in the house. After dressing her in a uniform matching theirs and brushing and braiding her hair, the girls all exchange hair ribbons with each other-each girl gets the ribbons passed down from the girl a year above her, and the colour marks their age and year in the school. Iris, the new youngest "red ribbon", unfortunately excites the ire of seven-year-old Selma, the former red ribbon and now orange ribbon, who complains about the absence of the former violet-ribbon Natashka—the oldest who had been her friend. The new violet ribbon, twelve-year-old Bianca, takes Iris under her wing. At first Iris is homesick, and wants to be reunited with her brother, but Bianca matter-of-factly tells her there is no possibility of that: there are no boys allowed in the school. All of the girls in the school go swimming in the lake, and Iris quickly befriends Laura, the red-ribbon of another house. That night, much to Iris's dismay, Bianca leaves on an authorized mysterious errand that she cannot discuss. The next day, Iris has a routine day at the school – dance lessons, classroom time with animals, and recreation. The classes at the school are run by two pretty young women: Mademoiselle Edith, who walks with a cane and teaches lessons, and Mademoiselle Eva, who teaches dance. Each house is cared for by an elderly serving woman; the girls whisper that all of the employees are girls who tried to escape the walled school in their youth, and were pressed into permanent service as punishment.

One night, Iris follows Bianca on her secret errand, but she loses track of the older girl once she reaches the main building. She explores, but only stumbles across more she does not understand: a shadowy man preparing an injection for a shadowy girl (possibly Bianca.) She flees, and is lost in the woods for the night. After a period of smouldering animosity, Selma makes overtures to befriend Iris, but then beats her with a switch (stem) when Iris asks about Bianca's nightly departures. Selma also uses her fingertip, touching Iris's wound, to gingerly taste Iris's blood. As time passes, Laura, unlike Iris, is morose and unable to adapt to life at the school. With Iris's help – and a pledge of secrecy – she steals a rowboat in an attempt to escape, but drowns when the boat starts to leak and the weather turns sour. A distressed Iris tells Bianca what Laura has done. The school holds a funeral, where Laura's coffin is burned on a pyre.

As winter arrives, the focus shifts to the ten-year-old Alice, the fifth-year blue ribbon, who is hungry to leave the school and see the world outside. She has placed her hopes on winning the annual inspection of the blue ribbons, where the mysterious headmistress arrives from afar and, after watching them dance, chooses one girl from the class to leave the school early with her for an unknown reason. Though Edith cautions that she shouldn't get her hopes up, Alice has been anticipating this moment – and her own winning of the honour of leaving. Though the competition is close, another girl is chosen instead. Hysterical, Alice collapses at the headmistress's feet. She convalesces, but isn't the same as before: she doesn't speak, and aimlessly and perpetually stares into space. Finally, she runs out into the woods surrounding the school buildings, and climbs over the stone wall that surrounds the school. As we see her flee into the snowy woods beyond, camouflaged by her white uniform, we hear the sound of distant gunshots and barking dogs. Later, as Eva looks pensively out a window, Edith informs her that Alice cannot be found; she then informs the other girls that Alice has been very bad, and will not be seen or spoken of again.

After Alice's escape (and possible death,) the focus turns to Bianca. The violet ribbons are told about the bodily changes that they will soon experience, and Bianca grows pensive. For the first time, she brings Nadja, the black-ribbon girl a year her junior, along on her nighttime trip. Together, they go to the main school building, and enter a secret passage behind the grandfather clock. There, the girls get into butterfly costumes, and prepare: each night they put on a dance recital for a mysterious audience. The next night, Nadja falters, but a man in the audience calls out to Bianca, telling her she is the most beautiful, and throws her a rose. After the show, Bianca and another girl explore the empty theater. They find an abandoned men's theatre glove, and encounter one of the servants counting the performance's receipts—this, the girls are informed, is how the school makes its money. Bianca keeps the rose and the glove as a treasure, and fantasizes about the glove's touch, but ultimately casts them both into the water of the lake. Iris and Bianca spend the morning together on what Bianca explains will be her last day at the school. After a formal, tearful goodbye, she passes off her duties to Nadja. Bianca and the other violet ribbons put their ribbons in a box, and accompany Eva and Edith further down the hallway behind the clock than they've ever been before. There, they board a subway train, and leave the school. Eva smokes a cigarette. Back at the house, a new girl emerges from her coffin, to be greeted by Iris, Selma, and the others. The train arrives at a grand, modern plaza, and Eva and Edith leave the girls. Bianca and the other girls immediately begin playing in the fountains nearby. A group of nearby teenage boys lose their ball in the fountain, and one wades in after it. Though he is obscured by the fountain's display, he fascinates Bianca. She playfully splashes water at him, and he splashes back. The film ends as it began, with a shot of rushing water.

Cast
 Zoé Auclair as Iris
 Bérangère Haubruge as Bianca
 Lea Bridaroslli as Alice
 Marion Cotillard as Mademoiselle Eva
 Hélène de Fougerolles as Mademoiselle Edith
 Alison Lalieux as Selma
 Astrid Homme as Rose
 Ana Palomo-Diaz as Nadja
 Olga Peytavi-Müller as Laura
 Joséphine Van Wambeke as Vera
 Corinne Marchand as La directrice
 Sonia Petrovna as Assistant

Themes
In the 'extras' on the DVD release, the director relates that children playing unsupervised in nature (the forest, the pond) is a 'freeing' setting for them, an 'uncontrolled' environment to explore. Water is very important, as it is a highly visible medium in its many forms (including within or from underneath a surface), and it is necessary, sensual, and enjoyable, but also dangerous (the drowning), and evokes many emotions. Flowing water can also symbolize the passage of time. The dynamic of children relating to adults, not understating them or their actions, while seeing them as role models, is another dichotomy the director wanted to emphasize. Ambiguity and a 'dream-like' quality are also important elements of the film. She states they digitally enhanced or 'tweaked' colors in the film to 'non-realistic' tones, to achieve mood and lighting effect, particularly day for night shots. The director says she is not interested in explaining meaning: "... what I like in cinema is being lost. I like films I don't completely understand, so they stay with me longer after they're over," and, "I believe everyone can find their own stories within the film."

Reception

The film was well received by critics, winning five awards.

See also
 The Fine Art of Love: Mine Ha-Ha, a 2005 Italian film adaptation of Wedekind's novella

References

External links

 Review at Eye for Film

Category:2004 films
Category:2000s mystery drama films
Category:French films
Category:French coming-of-age films
Category:French mystery drama films
Category:Belgian films
Category:Belgian coming-of-age films
Category:Belgian drama films
Category:Belgian mystery films
Category:Japanese films
Category:Japanese coming-of-age films
Category:Japanese mystery drama films
Category:British films
Category:British coming-of-age films
Category:British mystery drama films
Category:French-language films
Category:Films directed by Lucile Hadžihalilović
Category:Films based on German novels
Category:Films based on works by Frank Wedekind
Category:Films shot in Brussels
Category:French independent films

Category:Belgian independent films
Category:Japanese independent films
Category:British independent films


Grimaldi Man

Grimaldi man is the name formerly given to two human skeletons of the Upper Paleolithic discovered in Italy in 1901. The remains are now recognized as representing two individuals, and are dated to ca. 26,000 to  22,000 years ago and classified as part of the wider European early modern humans population of the late Aurignacian to early Gravettian.

Because of their early discovery, there is a long history of interpretation of the fossils. Notably, the remains were originally classified as Negroid by Boule and Vallois (1921). This identification has been obsolete since at least the 1960s, but it was controversially revived in the 1980s as part of the Afrocentrism propagated by Cheikh Anta Diop.

History

In the late 19th century, several stone age finds of extreme age had been made in the caves and rock shelters around the "Balzi Rossi" (the Red Cliff) near Ventimiglia in Italy. One of the more dramatic was that of two children with snail-shell belts in what was named as "Grotte dei fanciulli" (Cave of the Children) as well as stone tools and several Venus figurines. Around the turn of the 20th century, Albert I, Prince of Monaco financed the archaeological exploration of the seven most important caves. These were named "Caves of Grimaldi" in honour of the House of Grimaldi. The find is on display in Le Musée d'anthropologie préhistorique in Monaco.

The caves yielded several finds. The remains from one of the caves, the "Barma Grande", have in recent time been radiocarbon dated to 25,000 years old, which places it in the Upper Paleolithic.

Finding Grimaldi man
The Grotte dei fanciulli held Aurignacian artifacts and reindeer remains in the upper layers, while the lower layers exhibited a more tropical fauna with Merck's rhinoceros, hippopotamus and straight-tusked elephant. The lowermost horizon held Mousterian tools, associated with Neanderthals. The Grimaldi skeletons were found in the lower Aurignacian layer in June 1901, by the Canon de Villeneuve. The two skeletons appeared markedly different from the Cro-Magnon skeletons found higher in the cave and in other caves around Balzi Rossi, and was named "Grimaldi man" in honour of the Prince.

One of the two skeletons belonged to a woman past 50, the other an adolescent boy of 16 or 17. The skeletons were in remarkably good shape, though the weight of some 8 meters of sediments had crushed the skulls somewhat, particularly the fine bones of the face. Yet, de Villeneuve was reportedly struck by the prognathism of the skulls. With the crushed nature of the skulls, such observation would have been tentative at best. It was however later established that the old woman was indeed prognathic, though from a pathologic condition.

Age
The dating techniques of the day were limited, but the Grimaldi people were believed to be of the late Palaeolithic period. An inference of the true age can be made from the layering. The more tropical fauna of the lower levels below the Grimaldi man skeletons had rhinoceros, hippopotamus and elephants, are known from the Mousterian Pluvial, a moist period from 50,000 to 30,000 years before present. The Aurignacian is 47,000 to 41,000 years old using the most recent calibration of the radiocarbon timescale. With the Grimaldi skeletons situated at the lowest Aurignacian layer, the true age is likely in the earlier range.

Physical characteristics
The Grimaldi skeletons were very different from the finds that had been unearthed in Europe until then. Unlike the robust Neanderthals, the Grimaldi skeletons were slender and gracile, even more so than the Cro-Magnon finds from the same cave system. The Grimaldi people were small. While an adult Cro-Magnon generally stood over 170 cm tall (large males could reach 190 cm), neither of the two skeletons stood over 160 cm. The boy was smallest at a mere 155 cm.

The two skulls had rather tall braincases, unlike the long, low skulls found in Neanderthals and to a lesser extent in Cro-Magnons. The faces had wide nasal openings and lacked the rectangular orbitae and broad complexion so characteristic of Cro-Magnons. These traits, combined with what de Villeneuve interpreted as prognathism led the discoverers to the conclusion that the Grimaldi man had been of a "negroid" type. Some traits did not fit the picture though. The nasal bone had a high nasal bridge, like that of Cro-Magnons and modern Europeans and was very unlike those of more tropical groups. The two rises of the frontal bone in the forehead were separate rather than forming a single median rise, another European trait. The cranial capacity was also quite large for their size.

Restoration work and interpretation

The need for reconstruction
The skulls had been damaged by the weight of the overlying sediments, and some reconstruction, particularly of the lower face was necessary. It has been established that the old woman suffered from a phenomenon known in orthodontics. Having lost all her molars of the lower jaw, the upper jaw had been progressively translated forward and the lower part of the face had become more protruding.

Reconstructing the face
The adolescent had all his teeth, but these were manipulated by the anthropologists M. Boule and R. Verneau, when trying to reconstruct the skull and the face. M. Boule drilled the maxillaries in order to release the wisdom teeth that were still inside them. By doing this, he changed the face, as the natural growth of the wisdom teeth would have remodeled the dental arc in a natural way. Having then too many teeth to fit the jawline, he reconstructed a very prognathic jaw, possibly bearing in mind the jaw of the woman. The diagnosis of "prognathism" in the adolescent is hence speculative - artificial and possibly intentionally created. Based on these characteristics, Boule and Verneau concluded that the two specimen were "negroid". Other non-negroïd characteristics were disregarded. The fact that no similar finds were known from Europe did not raise any concern, as it was believed that more were to follow.

Museum display
When the Grimaldi skeletons were found, the adolescent had laid on his back and the woman face-down. The positions were changed when they were prepared for display. In order to make the prognathism visible, the skeletons were laid out on their side, which also suggested  a ritual burial contrary to the original positions.

Photos of this display can be found in textbooks.

It is  clear that Verneau did not intend to create a hoax. He documented his manipulations (at least partially), and his intention was to accentuate a feature he really believed to be present. His honesty is further corroborated as he also made and published photos of the excavation, where one can see the woman lying in a face-down position. Such photos were quite rare for that time.

History of classification

Early debate
The finding of the first Cro-Magnon in 1868 led to the idea that modern man had arisen in Europe. The most chauvinistic of French archaeologists at the time were even ready to declare France the cradle of humanity.

The Grimaldi finds were interpreted as ancestral to the Negroid race, just as
the skull from Chancelade suggested an ancestor for the Mongoloid one.
M. Boule and R. Verneau can thus be seen as interpreting the find after the leading theories of the day. Later critics such as Cornevin (1981) have however alleged a motivation to "prove the superiority and anteriority of the white race".

Not all early 20th century archaeologists shared the view of Grimaldi as ancestors of Africans. Sir Arthur Keith pointed out that while the Grimaldi man clearly showed "negroid" features, he also had European ones. He concluded that Grimaldi man probably was of an "intermediate race".
He suggested Grimaldi man might have found his way to Europe over a land bridge from Africa. Both the Strait of Gibraltar and a route from Algeria via Sicily was thought to have been fordable in the late Paleolithic.
Others have suggested the Grimaldi people may have been related to Bushmen.

Classification as Cro-Magnon
By the 1970s, new finds from Jebel Qafzeh in Israel, Combe-Capelle in France, Minatogawa in Japan, the Kabwe skull from Zambia and several Paleo-Indians had considerably broadened the knowledge of early man. The old term "Cro-Magnon" was replaced with "anatomically modern human" to encompass the expanding population out of Africa, including the Grimaldi remains.

In Afrocentrism
Cheikh Anta Diop (1981) insisted that Grimaldi man represent a distinct black race, different from the Cro-Magnon.
The Afrocentrist theory of the origin of Europeans vary somewhat from author to author, but the essence is that "white man" only appeared around 20,000 years ago, with a "black" Grimaldi man as ancestor.
Reportedly Mikhail Gerasimov identified other skeletons as "Grimaldi Man".

References

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy
Category:Aurignacian
Category:Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens fossils
Category:1901 archaeological discoveries


Zdżary

Zdżary  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrów, within Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

References

Category:Villages in Ropczyce-Sędziszów County


Spotts Round Barn

The Spotts Round Barn is a historic building located near Charles City in rural Floyd County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1914 as a dairy and horse barn. Its design was influenced by the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. The building is a true round barn that measures  in diameter. It is constructed of clay tile from the Johnston Brothers Clay Works. It features a two-pitch roof, a large hay dormer on the north side and a  central silo. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.

References

Category:Infrastructure completed in 1914
Category:Buildings and structures in Floyd County, Iowa
Category:Barns on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Category:Round barns in Iowa
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Floyd County, Iowa


Bellingwolde

Bellingwolde (; Gronings: Bennewolle) is a village with a population of 2,655 people in the municipality Westerwolde in the Netherlands. It is situated in the southeast of the region Oldambt, in the north of the region Westerwolde, and in the east of the province Groningen, at the border with Germany.

The settlement dates back to the 11th century. It flooded multiple times until the 16th century. In the 18th and 19th century agriculture prospered and large farmhouses were built. It was a separate municipality until it merged with Wedde into Bellingwedde in 1968.

Bellingwolde has a state protected village area with several monumental farmhouses. Other attractions are the Magnus Church, the Law House, Veldkamp's Mill, and Museum de Oude Wolden. There are four primary schools and a secondary school in the village.

History
The origins of Bellingwolde, which was built on a sand ridge dividing the clay and peat ground, are in the 11th century.

The settlement flooded many times until parts of the Dollard were impoldered in the 16th century.

The agricultural settlement started to prosper in the 18th century. Large farmhouses were built in the 19th century.

Bellingwolde was a separate municipality until 1 September 1968, when it was merged with Wedde to form the new municipality Bellingwedde. The former municipality contained the villages of Bellingwolde, Oudeschans, and Vriescheloo, and the hamlets of Klein-Ulsda and Rhederbrug.

Bellingwolde became part of the new municipality of Westerwolde in 2018, when the municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde merged.

Geography

Bellingwolde is located at  (53.12, 7.17) in the northeast of the municipality Westerwolde in the east of the province Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. The village is in the southeast of the region Oldambt and in the north of the region Westerwolde, situated between the river Westerwoldse Aa in the west and the canal B.L. Tijdenskanaal in the east.

The nearest city Winschoten is  to the west. In between Winschoten and Bellingwolde is the village Blijham. In the northwest it is close to the village Oudeschans, which used to be called Bellingwolderschans (Sconce of Bellingwolde). In the south Bellingwolde is connected with the village Vriescheloo and the hamlet Rhederbrug. Bellingwolde is at the border of the Netherlands and Germany. The nearest German city is Papenburg,  to the east, and the closest village is Wymeer.

Bellingwolde is an administrative district () and neighbourhood (). The Bellingwolde district has a total area of  of which  is land and  is water. It is one of three districts in the municipality of Bellingwedde, the other two being Oost and Blijham. The Bellingwolde district contains the neighbourhoods Bellingwolde, Vriescheloo, Rhederbrug (western part), Oudeschans, Klein-Ulsda, and some scattered houses. The Bellingwolde neighbourhood has a total area of  of which  is land and  is water.

Demography

In 2015, the Bellingwolde neighborhood had a total population of 2,400, of which 1,230 were men and 1,170 are women. The population density was . Of the total population 43% was unmarried, 42% was married, 8% was widowed, and 7% was divorced. The district had 1,130 households, 37% were single-person households, 32% were multi-person households without children, and 30% were multi-person households with children.

20% of the total population was allochtoon, a person with at least one parent born outside the Netherlands. This percentage is divided into 10% Western allochtonen and 10% non-Western allochtonen. There is an asylum seekers' center () in Bellingwolde, where refugees from Syria and other countries are housed pending the outcome of their asylum procedures.

In 2015, the Bellingwolde district had a total population of 4,205 and a population density of .

Culture

Since 2009, Bellingwolde has a state protected village area (Dutch: beschermd dorpsgezicht) with many monumental buildings among which are the Magnus Church (16th century), the Law House (17th century), the Veldkamp's Mill (19th century), and about twenty farmhouses.

The Museum de Oude Wolden is a regional museum about the art and history of Oldambt and Westerwolde. It has a permanent exhibition of paintings by magic realist Lodewijk Bruckman and temporary exhibitions.

There is a public library, which is opened three days per week.

Infrastructure
The provincial road N969 connects Bellingwolde to Blijham in the west and Rhederbrug and the German border in the southeast. The provincial road N973 connects Bellingwolde to Vriescheloo and Wedde in the southwest, but is discontinued as a numbered road in northeastern direction. The nearest highway is the A7 (E22) with its nearest exit at Oudeschans just north of Bellingwolde.

The nearest railway is the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway north of Bellingwolde, with its nearest stations in Winschoten and Bad Nieuweschans. There are two bus lines, operated by Qbuzz, passing through Bellingwolde and connecting it to nearby settlements and the two railway stations:
 Line 12: Winschoten – Blijham – Bellingwolde – Blijham – Winschoten
 Line 811: Bad Nieuweschans – Klein-Ulsda – Oudeschans – Bellingwolde – Vriescheloo – Veelerveen – Vlagtwedde

Education
There are three primary schools located in Bellingwolde. The two public schools are Oosterschool and Westerschool. The Protestant school is De Wegwijzer.

The secondary school Dollard College has a location with 170 students in Bellingwolde. At this school location, the students can do the first two years of vmbo, havo, and vwo, and the final two years of the vmbo theoretical program.

There are no institutions for tertiary education located in Bellingwolde.

Notable people
 Jan Mulder (born 1945), footballer, writer, and commentator

Notes

References

External links

Category:Bellingwedde
Category:Former municipalities of Groningen (province)
Category:Germany–Netherlands border crossings
Category:Populated places in Groningen (province)
Category:Westerwolde (municipality)


Selangor FM

Selangor FM is a regional Malay language-radio station operated by Radio Televisyen Malaysia out of the Selangor state capital Shah Alam in Malaysia. Broadcasts are daily from 06:00 until 00:00 featuring local news as well as Malay music. It transmits on FM 100.9 MHz from the Gunung Ulu Kali transmitter site and can be heard in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, the northern part of Negeri Sembilan, the southern part of Perak and the western part of Pahang.

Etymology
The station was formerly known as Radio Malaysia Selangor (RMS) and before that as Radio 3 Shah Alam.

Controversy

Forced to move out from present location
On 12 April 2008, the new Menteri Besar of Selangor, Tan Sri Khalid Ibrahim, warned the radio station to come up with a weekly one-hour slot to deliver the information about the programmes held by the State Government, or move out from the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Building which also houses the State Government's administration centre. The radio station was given a one-week deadline to perform the State Government's request. However, the radio station refused to allocate the weekly one-hour slot as requested. As a result, the Information Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Ahmad Shabery Chik urged the radio station to move out and operate at the Angkasapuri instead, stating that RTM is not afraid of such warning.

References

External links

Category:Radio stations in Malaysia
Category:Media in Shah Alam


Mason Jar Music

Mason Jar Music (founded June 2010) is an audio/visual production company and creative collective based in Brooklyn, New York co-founded by Dan Knobler and Jon Seale.

Overview
Mason Jar Music has produced audio and video content for artists and clients including Chris Thile, Andrew Bird, Feist, Rosanne Cash, The Wood Brothers, Abigail Washburn, Béla Fleck, The Food Network, and Sony Music Entertainment. They are best known for a series of organic live performance videos filmed and recorded in non-traditional spaces. "The Mason Jar Music team offers to do all the work. They rearrange the artist's music for orchestra. Set up the space. Bring in musicians and a film crew. All the artists have to do is show up – and not be too surprised by the peeling paint on the walls."

Mason Jar Music was named one of the 10 Most Innovative Music Companies by Fast Company for "pioneering a new concert model." Their work has been featured on NPR, CNN, Paste, Billboard, TIME, CMT, Variety, NBC New York, The Village Voice, The Huffington Post, and other major media outlets.

Releases

The Sea In Between
A music documentary centered around singer/songwriter Josh Garrels. Filmed and recorded on location in Mayne Island, BC, the film features several live musical performances and weaves together multiple narratives including those of Josh and the Mason Jar Music musicians. "The movie itself could be described as a 'a visual LP.' It consists of 10 of Garrels' songs recorded in various locales across the island ranging from inside St. Mary Magdalene Anglican Church to a neighboring farm to numerous spots along the island's surrounding bays. Each musical piece highlights a different aspect of Garrel's life—as a husband and father to three toddlers, as a songwriter perfecting his craft and as a human seeking to assure his faith and find his place in this world."

The film was released independently on January 29, 2013

The Storm is Passing Over

A compilation album to benefit the victims of Hurricane Sandy in New York and New Jersey. Features notable independent folk artists performing original renditions of "classic American storm songs." Released independently on December 26, 2012, all proceeds are donated to the relief efforts of Occupy Sandy. "The album's 15 tracks were recorded and mixed over just a two-week period in December, 2012, by a range of artists that included Rosanne Cash, Abigail Washburn and Bela Fleck, Town Hall, Tift Merritt, and many more. Each track of The Storm is Passing Over centers around a real performance, recorded live, and the raw artistic passion is palpable."

Decoration Day

A series of covers compilations released annually around Memorial Day weekend. The project began in 2012 "when a recording session fell through, the crew threw together a last minute marathon collaboration with artists from the indie-folk community. The result was a six track EP, entitled Decoration Day, dedicated to some of the greatest American folk songs of the last two centuries." Each year's release features a new batch of artists and studio musicians, as well as a new collection of covers. Volume 1 (2012) features classic American folk and gospel, Volume 2 covers 1960s soul, Volume 3 tackles songs of the 1990s, in honor of MJM co-founder Dan Knobler moving to Nashville, TN, "Volume 4" explores songs about home: finding it, leaving it, loving it, hating it, missing it, and returning to it. Decoration Day, Volume 2 was selected by NoiseTrade as one of its 2013 staff picks.

Clients and collaborators

 Abigail Washburn
 Adam Kromelow
 Adriel Denae
 Andrew Bird
 Aoife O'Donovan
 Alicia Keys
 Béla Fleck
 Ben Sollee
 Chris Thile
 Cory Chisel
 Dawn Landes
 Dylan Reynolds
 Edgar Meyer
 EMEFE
 Emily Elbert
 Feist
 Flearoy
 John Medeski
 Josh Garrels
 Lacrymosa
 Lake Street Dive
 Laura Gibson
 Lucius
 Michael Daves
 My Brightest Diamond
 Noam Pikelny
 Rosanne Cash
 Rodney Crowell
 Sarah Jarosz
 Sara Watkins
 Sony Music Entertainment
 The Food Network
 The Gunderson Family
 Tim O'Brien
 The Wood Brothers
 Tift Merritt
 Town Hall
 Zusha

Notes

References
Goodman, Lizzie (2012). "A Creative Movement Grows in Brooklyn: Mason Jar Brings The Art Back to Music" http://www.fastcocreate.com/1679900/a-creative-movement-grows-in-brooklyn-mason-jar-brings-the-art-back-to-music
Brown, Janice (2012). "Heart & Soul: Mason Jar Music, The Brooklyn Creative Collective & Residential Studio" http://www.sonicscoop.com/2012/05/23/heart-soul-mason-jar-music-the-brooklyn-creative-collective-residential-studio/
Smith, Robert (2011). In Through The Out Door: Turning Abandoned Buildings Into Recording Studios "https://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2011/06/28/137394444/in-through-the-out-door-turning-abandoned-buildings-into-recording-studios
Fast Company (2012). "The World's 50 Most Innovative Companies" http://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2012/industry/music#masonjarmusic
Saunders, Hilary (2013). "Mason Jar Music: Capturing the Creative Process" http://mplayer.pastemagazine.com/issues/week-80/articles#article=/issues/week-80/articles/mason-jar-music-capturing-the-creative-process
Weiss, David (2012). "15 Songs in 14 Days: Making The Storm Is Passing Over Benefit Album" http://www.sonicscoop.com/2012/12/28/15-songs-in-14-days-making-the-storm-is-passing-over-sandy-benefit-album/
Brown, Burgess (2013). "Song Premiere: Mason Jar Music & Friends - "Don't Let Me Down" http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/av/2013/07/song-premiere-mason-jar-music-friends---dont-let-m.html
NoiseTrade Staff (2013). "Our 2013 Staff Picks" https://archive.is/20140806155712/http://e2.ma/message/bq2wg/zkayut
"Mason Jar Music" http://www.masonjarmusic.com
"Josh Garrels: The Sea in Between" http://www.theseainbetween.com
"The Storm Is Passing Over" http://www.thestormispassingover.com

Category:Film production companies of the United States
Category:Media companies based in New York City
Category:Companies based in Brooklyn


Shmuel Ben-Dror

Shmuel Ben Dror (1924 – January 6, 2009) was an Israeli association football player.

Soccer career

Ben Dror was born in Petah Tikva.  He played defense for the Israeli national soccer team. He served as their first captain and scored the team's first goal, in 1948. He also played for Maccabi Petah Tikva.

In addition, he served on the board of directors of the Israel Football Association.

References

Category:1924 births
Category:Israeli footballers
Category:Israel international footballers
Category:People from Petah Tikva
Category:Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. players
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Association footballers not categorized by position


Herb Snitzer

Herb Snitzer is an American photographer. He lives in St. Petersburg, Florida and opened his own gallery in 2014. His work was exhibited at the Florida Museum of Photographic Arts in the show Faces and Places: One Man Show by Herb Snitzer, September 9 – October 28, 2001.

Bibliography
 Jazz: A Visual Journey, Herb Snitzer, 1999
 Glorious Days and Nights: A Jazz Memoir, University Press of Mississippi, 2011

References

External links
 Herb Snitzer Photography
 Herb Snitzer - Image Archive" at ArenaPAL

Category:Photographers from Florida
Category:People from St. Petersburg, Florida


Berg River (Free State)

The Berg River is one of seven smaller rivers that run into Vanderkloof Dam in South Africa. The other rivers are:

Orange River, the longest river in South Africa;
Seekoei River;
Kattegatspruit;
Knapsak River;
Paaikloofspruit; and
Hondeblaf River

Category:Rivers of South Africa
Category:Rivers of the Western Cape
Category:Rivers of the Free State (province)


Soldier (The Outer Limits)

"Soldier" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It opened the second season of shows on September 19, 1964.  For the second season, Ben Brady took over as producer from Joseph Stefano.

This is the first of two episodes written by Hugo and Nebula award-winning science fiction author Harlan Ellison, and is adapted from his 1957 short story "Soldier from Tomorrow."

Plot
Eighteen hundred years in the future, two foot soldiers clash on a battlefield.  A random energy weapon strikes both, and they are hurled into a time vortex. While one soldier is trapped in the matrix of time, the other, Qarlo Clobregnny (Michael Ansara), materializes on a city street in the United States in the year 1964.

Qarlo is soon captured and interrogated by Tom Kagan (Lloyd Nolan), a philologist, and his origin is eventually discovered. Qarlo has been trained for one purpose – to kill the enemy, and that is all he knows.  Progress is made in "taming" him after Kagan translates his seemingly unintelligible language – "Nims qarlo clobregnny prite arem aean teaan deao" – into colloquial English..."(My) name is Qarlo Clobregnny, private, RM EN TN DO"; his name, rank and serial letters, which is what any soldier would reveal if captured by the enemy. After a short time in captivity, Qarlo comes to live with the Kagan family, despite the reluctance expressed by Tom Kagan's government associates.

However, the time eddy holding the enemy soldier slowly weakens. Finally, he materializes fully, and tracks Qarlo to the Kagan home. In a final hand-to-hand battle, Qarlo sacrifices his life to kill the enemy and save the Kagan family.

Production
Interiors were shot at Paramount Studios. Qarlo's "War Zone" was shot on the Paramount Sunset stage, a gigantic stage the size of three stages put together. A sky cyclorama ran all the way round it and a horizon line of mountains was placed in front of that in diminished perspective. A fog machine provided the landscape with a smokey haziness.  The gun shop scene was filmed on the Paramount Backlot, on New York Street.

The Terminator
Ellison brought suit against The Terminator production company Hemdale and distributor Orion Pictures for plagiarism of this episode, since both works involve a soldier from the future who goes back in time and saves the life of a present-day woman from an enemy soldier from the future. According to the Los Angeles Times, the parties settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount, and an acknowledgement of Ellison's works in the credits of Terminator. The credits were added only to the home video releases of Terminator and read simply, "Acknowledgment to the Works of Harlan Ellison".

James Cameron emphatically denied Ellison's allegations and was opposed to the settlement, stating "For legal reasons I'm not suppose [sic] to comment on that (the addition of acknowledgement credits) but it was a real bum deal, I had nothing to do with it and I disagree with it."

Cast
 Lloyd Nolan – as Tom Kagan
 Michael Ansara – as Qarlo Clobregnny
 Tim O'Connor – as Paul Tanner
 Catherine McLeod – as Abby Kagan
 Jill Hill – as Toni Kagan
 Allen Jaffe – as The Enemy
 Ralph Hart – as Loren Kagan
 Marlowe Jensen – as Sgt. Berry
 Ted Stanhope – as Doctor
 Jamie Forster – as News Vendor
 Mavis Neal Palmer – as Woman
 Vic Perrin and Tim O'Connor - as the Voices in Qarlo and The Enemy's War Helmets (uncredited)

Notes

External links

Category:The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
Category:1964 American television episodes
Category:Television episodes written by Harlan Ellison
Category:Television episodes about time travel
Category:Fiction set in 1964
Category:Fiction set in the 4th millennium
Category:Adaptations of works by Harlan Ellison


Trevone Boykin

Trevone Dequan Boykin (born August 22, 1993) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at Texas Christian University (TCU), and was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2016.

Early years
Boykin attended West Mesquite High School in Mesquite, Texas, where he was a letterman in football and track. In football, Boykin rushed for 1,380 yards with 24 scores on the ground and completed 53.2 percent (116-of-218) of his pass attempts for 1,666 yards and 10 touchdowns through the air as a junior. He was named district MVP and earned an honorable-mention All-state as a senior, after rushing for 1,799 yards with 30 touchdowns, while also completing 60.7 percent (198-of-326) of his passes for 2,930 yards with 28 touchdowns and just 11 interceptions.

Also a standout track & field athlete, Boykin competed in events ranging from the 100-meters to the long jump. At the 2010 District 15-4A Meet, he placed 1st in the 200-meter dash (23.50 s) and 3rd in the long jump (21 ft, 6 in). He recorded a personal-best time of 11.10 seconds in the 100-meter dash at the 2011 MISD Invitational, where he took 7th. Also a member of the West Mesquite relay teams, he ran the second leg in the 4 × 100 m relay squad at the 2011 Longhorn Relays, helping them earn a second-place finish at 39.71 seconds. In addition, he also ran 4.5-second 40-yard dash.

Boykin was regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com. He committed to Texas Christian University (TCU) in June 2010 to play college football. He chose TCU over UTEP.

College career
Boykin was redshirted as a freshman in 2011. Boykin entered 2012 as a backup to Casey Pachall. After Pachall was suspended, Boykin took over as the starting quarterback. Overall, he started nine games, completing 167-of-292 passes for 2,054 yards, 15 touchdowns and 10 interceptions. He also rushed for 417 yards and three touchdowns. As a sophomore in 2013, Boykin split time with Pachall. Overall, he started six games at quarterback and one as a wide receiver. During the season, he became the first player in TCU history to have a 200-yard passing, 100-yard rushing and 100-yard receiving game in one season. He finished the season with 1,198 passing yards, seven passing touchdowns, 313 rushing yards, seven rushing touchdowns and 204 receiving yards on 26 receptions.

Boykin entered his junior season in 2014 as the starting quarterback. Boykin passed for 3,901 yards and threw 33 touchdowns and 10 interceptions, while also rushing for an additional 707 yards and 8 touchdowns. Boykin led the Frogs to a #3 ranking and 12–1 record, culminating with a 42–3 victory over #9 Ole Miss in the 2014 Peach Bowl, where Boykin was selected as the Offensive MVP. He was selected to the First-Team All Big 12 team, won the Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year award, and finished in 4th place in the 2014 Heisman Trophy voting.

Boykin returned as the starter for his senior year in 2015. Overall, he started 11 games, missing a game due to injury. He passed for 3,575 yards with 31 touchdowns and 10 interceptions.

For his collegiate career, Boykin completed 830 of 1,356 passes, good for a completion percentage of 61.2%, with 86 touchdowns and 37 interceptions. He added 2,049 rushing yards and 27 rushing touchdowns. This totaled in 12,776 all-purpose yards on offense. He also totaled 113 total touchdowns. Those impressive stats earned him a spot in the 2016 NFLPA Collegiate Bowl.

Professional career

Boykin signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent following the 2016 NFL Draft. Boykin opened the 2016 preseason as the Seahawks' primary backup behind starter Russell Wilson ahead of Jake Heaps. In his first preseason game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Boykin completed 16 of 26 passes for 188 yards and one touchdown. He led an 88-yard game-winning drive that was capped off with a 37-yard pass to Tanner McEvoy as time expired. The Seahawks would go on to win, 17–16. Heaps was waived following the preseason, leaving Boykin as the lone backup quarterback on the roster.

Boykin threw his first regular season NFL touchdown pass (16 yards to Doug Baldwin) on September 25, 2016, at home against the San Francisco 49ers in the fourth quarter. Boykin had entered the game midway through the third quarter, with the game already largely in hand, after starter Russell Wilson suffered an MCL sprain. The Seahawks won the game, 37-18. As a rookie in 2016, Boykin appeared in five games and finished the year with 145 passing yards with a touchdown and an interception.

Boykin entered the 2017 preseason competing with Austin Davis to backup Wilson. Although Boykin started his preseason well, he threw 4 interceptions in his final 2 games while Davis threw no picks during preseason. On September 2, 2017, Boykin was waived, officially losing the job to Davis, and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Seahawks on January 2, 2018.

In the wake of domestic assault allegations, the Seahawks released Boykin on March 27, 2018.

Statistics

Source:

Legal troubles
On December 31, 2015, two days prior to the 2016 Alamo Bowl, which was to be Boykin's final college game, he was arrested in San Antonio, Texas after a bar fight in which he threw a punch that hit a patrol officer. He was charged with assaulting a public servant, a third degree felony, assigned a $5,000 bond, and suspended from the game. He also was charged for public intoxication and resisting arrest. Boykin pleaded no contest, and received a year of probation. As part of his probation, he was ordered to attend alcohol awareness sessions and anger management classes. He was also fined $1,500, and ordered to undergo 80 hours of community service.

On March 27, 2017, Boykin was arrested in Dallas, Texas, for misdemeanor charges of possession of marijuana and public intoxication. He was in the passenger seat of a car that, while backing up at high speeds, struck pedestrians on a nearby sidewalk and then the side of a local bar. The driver was charged with two counts of felony intoxication assault with a vehicle. Boykin was held on a $500 bond at the Dallas County Jail.  On April 6, 2017, Boykin was arrested in Texas for a possible violation of his probation.

On March 27, 2018, a report was made that Boykin had broken his girlfriend's (Shabrika Bailey) jaw during an altercation the previous week. Subsequently, Boykin was released by the team. He was later charged with aggravated assault causing bodily injury. In June 2019, he was given additional charges of aggravated assault of a family member with a deadly weapon and tampering with a witness following the March 2018 incident. On November 6, 2019, Boykin was arrested for violating conditions of his bond. While still in police custody on December 9, he was charged with misdemeanor theft for failing to pay for a hotel stay from October 29. He was charged with an additional two counts of misdemeanor theft on December 30 after agreeing to sell TCU memorabilia, receiving payments, and refusing to deliver them in January 2019.  On February 27, 2020, Boykin was sentenced to three years in prison for the assault on Bailey after pleading guilty to aggravated assault and witness tampering.

References

External links
Seattle Seahawks bio
TCU Horned Frogs bio

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Dallas
Category:Players of American football from Texas
Category:American football quarterbacks
Category:American football wide receivers
Category:TCU Horned Frogs football players
Category:Seattle Seahawks players


DOBAG Carpet Initiative

DOBAG is the Turkish acronym for "Doğal Boya Araştırma ve Geliştirme Projesi" - the Natural Dye Research and Development Project. The project aims at reviving the traditional Turkish art and craft of carpet weaving. It provides inhabitants of rural village in Anatolia – mostly female – with a regular source of income. The DOBAG initiative marks the return to the traditional rug production by using hand-spun wool dyed with natural colours, which was subsequently adopted in other rug-producing countries.

Background and History
The DOBAG project started in 1981, led by Harald Boehmer (1931–2017), a German chemistry and biology teacher working in Istanbul. He focused on chemical analyses of the dyes of antique woven carpets, as on display in Istanbul museums.

Use of synthetic dyes in Oriental carpets

Synthetic dyes were discovered in the late 19th century. Until then, wool used for weaving carpets was dyed with traditional dyes made from plants, insects and minerals. Synthetic dyes were cheap and easy to use, and thus replaced the traditional dyes soon after they came to the market. Western art historians reported instability to light and moisture of carpets with synthetic dyes. The aesthetic effect in oriental carpets with synthetic colours was described by Edwards as "In a new carpet the [synthetic] colours have a hard, metallic look; in an old one, they are dull and dead." In order to be commercially successful, synthetically dyed carpets had to be chemically treated before they went on sale.

Analysis of natural dyes, and recreation of traditional dyeing procedures
The analysis of carpet wool dyes was already suggested by Edwards in 1953, as a means of establishing the provenience of period carpets. In 1982, Boehmer published his work on antique carpet wool samples, using thin-layer chromatography. By comparing chromatograms of samples both of carpet wool and plants known to have been used for dyeing, the natural dye components were identified, and the dyeing procedures experimentally recreated subsequently.

In 1981, the DOBAG project was initiated in cooperation with the Marmara University, Istanbul. The first demonstration of traditional dyeing techniques took place in some villages of the Ayvacik area, Çanakkale province. The region was chosen because of its long, continuous carpet weaving tradition. Later, another branch of the project was initiated in the Yuntdağ region, south of Bergama. Here, the first women cooperative in Turkey was established within the DOBAG Project.

DOBAG's approach to carpet manufacturing

DOBAG Carpets are woven with Turkish knots. Warps and wefts are made of sheep wool, the pile consists of handspun wool, dyed locally with natural dyes prepared according to the recipes as experimentally re-established. No chemical treatment is applied after the carpet has been finished.

Dyes used for DOBAG carpets are obtained from plants, and include:
 Red from Madder (Rubia tinctorum) roots,
 Yellow from plants, including onion (Allium cepa), several chamomile species (Anthemis, Matricaria chamomilla), and Euphorbia,
 Black: Oak apples, Oak acorns, Tanner's sumach,
 Green by double dyeing with Indigo and yellow dye,
 Orange by double dyeing with madder red and yellow dye,
 Blue: Synthetic Indigo is used because it is chemically identical to natural indigo gained from Indigofera tinctoria.,

DOBAG carpets are delivered both with a leather tag and seal attached to the carpet for identification, as well as with a certificate stating the weaver's name, village, and region where the carpet was woven. DOBAG carpet weavers are paid per knots, thus ensuring a fair wage system. Once a carpet has been sold, the weaver is granted an additional bonus. The commercial branch of the initiative directly exports the carpets to authorized dealers only, thus avoiding intermediate trade.

Thus, technically, the DOBAG project seeks to revive the tradition of Turkish carpet weaving. On a social level, the project aims at halting the effects of urbanization by providing a continuous source of income to village women.

Impact of the DOBAG Project

Initiation of the "Carpet Renaissance"

DOBAG carpets were first shown publicly at an exhibition at Bausback Antique Carpet Gallery, Mannheim, Germany, from November 27 to December 24, 1982.

DOBAG carpets are on display in, or have been commissioned by, the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, All Souls College, Oxford, the Academy of Sciences and De Young Museum of Asian Art, San Francisco, the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, the Museum of Ethnology, Vienna, and the National Museum of Scotland.

Realizing the commercial potential of carpets woven from hand-spun, vegetably dyed wool, other carpet manufacturers adopted DOBAG's manufacturing approach., The producer's return to traditional dyeing and weaving, and the commercial interest this created amongst customers, was termed by Eilland as the "Carpet Renaissance".

Social Aspects
The DOBAG project's combination of commercial and social goals has inspired similar initiatives to use profits made from carpet weaving in order to improve the social and economic situation of the weavers:

 The Cultural Survival Ersari Turkmen Project supports Afghan refugees.
 Barakat, Inc., a non-profit organization providing basic education and medical care to Afghan refugees is supported by Yayla Tribal Rug Company
 The Survival Tibetan Project supports Tibetans.

Scientific Aspects
Scientific interest in the history and ethnology of oriental carpet weaving arose in the late 19th century. Art historian Wilhelm von Bode stated in 1902 that the art and craft of carpet weaving was not fully accessible to scientific research. The introduction of synthetic dyes and commercially oriented designs was regarded as a corruption, atypical for a specific region, so that it was no longer possible to establish the provenience of oriental carpets, and analyse the evolution of regional designs and weaving techniques. By its cooperation with the Marmara University Department of traditional Handicraft and Design, the DOBAG project provides an opportunity for prospective research into the art historical and the socio-economic consequences of the re-introduction of traditional carpet weaving in rural areas of Anatolia.

In 2000, the Turkish Cultural Foundation set up the Cultural Heritage Preservation and Natural Dyes Laboratory. Their mission is "to promote the natural dye resources of Turkey (...) to revive the art of natural dyeing, and create employment opportunities in this area for rural people." Their recent publications and symposium activities broaden the knowledge of traditional carpet weaving in Turkey.

References

Category:Turkish culture
Category:Turkish rugs and carpets
Category:Textile companies of Turkey


Dudley M. Brooks

Dudley M. Brooks is the co-creator of Songs of My People African Americans: A Self-Portrait, a historic photo documentary of the world of African Americans, and he is currently the deputy director of photography for The Washington Post and photo editor for The Washington Post Magazine.

Biography

Brooks was born on December 26, 1957, in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended  Morgan State University in  Baltimore and graduated in 1980.

Career
Brooks started working for The Washington Post in 1983. He left in 2005 to become the Assistant Managing Editor for Photography at The Baltimore Sun. In 2007, he became the Photo Director for Jet (magazine) and Ebony (magazine). While working at Ebony, he had the opportunity to photograph Michael Jackson in 2007 and make a tribute for him on the cover of the magazine. He also directed and was the photographer for the first photo shoot with Barack Obama as the newly elected president of the United States. Brooks returned to work at the Washington Post in 2014.  Another part of his career was becoming the co-director for Songs of My People.

Awards
Brooks won multiple  World Press Photo awards. He won third prize in the sports stories category in 1998 with images that showed the  Silver Gloves boxing competition in Lennea, Kansas. In 1999 he won third prize in the general news stories category with images that revealed the damage in Nicaragua from Hurricane Mitch. The judges liked that it brought awareness. He won third prize in the general news singles category in 2001 with images of the mass suicide of The Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments - a church that murdered hundreds of its cult members after falsely predicting the end of the world in the year 2000.

Books and exhibitions
Addis Foto Fest in  Addis Ababa, hosted a gallery of Brook's photos of the Haiti earthquake and its effects in 2010.  Also, with Eric Easter and D. Michael Cheers, he co-directed "Songs of my People" which was a photo project that eventually toured as an exhibition and was made into a book, () published in 1992. In 1990, 53 photographers from around the country were assigned to cover various aspects of black American life. The resulting photographs were edited down to 214 pictures in the book and 150 in the show. According to the NY Times review, "Songs of my People" was exhibited at the Museum of the City of New York and the images are notable because they display everyday life in African-American culture instead of the urban problems often seen in mass media.

References

External links
Dudley Brooks Facebook Page

Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:African-American photographers
Category:American photographers
Category:Morgan State University alumni
Category:The Washington Post people


Sedment

Sedment is the name of a village in Egypt. In Egyptology it is mainly known for a series of cemeteries excavated near this village. The cemeteries were the target of several expeditions, the most substantial one under Flinders Petrie and Guy Brunton. Their work was published in two volumes. They found several hundred burials dating from around 3000 BC to the New Kingdom. Especially many burials were found dating to the First Intermediate Period and New Kingdom. The First Intermediate Period burials contained several inscribed coffins, but also many burials with wooden models. The New Kingdom burials were found much looted, but some reliefs found demonstrate that several tombs were adorned with a relief–decorated chapel above ground. The largest tomb was that of the vizier Prehotep who was in office under king Ramses II.

References

Category:Archaeological sites in Egypt


Thomas Hobbs

Thomas Hobbs may refer to:

Thomas Hobbes or Hobbs (1588–1679), English philosopher
Thomas Saunders Hobbs (1856–1927), English-born Ontario merchant and politician
Thomas Hobbs (MP), Member of Parliament for Weymouth in 1555; see Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
Thomas Hobbs, actor in Prince Charles's Men and the King's Men, the latter from 1626 to 1637
Thomas Hobbs (priest) (died 1509), Dean of Windsor

See also
Thomas Hobbes (priest), Dean of Exeter
Thomas Hobbs Jr. House, on the National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Maine