F.A.M.E. (Chris Brown album)

F.A.M.E. (abbreviated as Forgiving All My Enemies) is the fourth studio album by American singer Chris Brown. It was first released on March 22, 2011, recorded by Jive Records. The album serves as the follow-up to his third album Graffiti (2009). The album also marks his last album with Jive Records. The songs on F.A.M.E. show a wide variety of musical genres including R&B, pop, hip hop, reggae fusion, electropop and europop.

On F.A.M.E., Brown worked with several record producers and songwriters; including Kevin McCall, Jean-Baptiste, Brian Kennedy, DJ Frank E, The Underdogs and The Messengers, among others. The album features guest appearances, from Wiz Khalifa, Game, Timbaland and Big Sean, among others. The album was supported by six singles including, "Yeah 3x", "Look at Me Now" featuring Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes, and "Beautiful People" featuring Benny Benassi, and "Deuces".

F.A.M.E. debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 270,000 copies. It was Brown's first number-one album in the United States and his fourth consecutive top ten album following Graffiti. "Yeah 3x" and "Beautiful People" were commercially successful in Oceania and some European regions. In the United States, "Look at Me Now" reached the number one spot on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts.  F.A.M.E. is certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Upon its release, F.A.M.E received mixed reviews from most music critics, who were ambivalent towards its songwriting and material. To support the release of the album, Brown embarked on his F.A.M.E. Tour in Australia and North America. The album received three Grammy Award nominations at the 54th Grammy Awards, winning Best R&B Album which was Brown's first Grammy Award. It also won Top R&B Album at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards and Album of the Year at the 2011 Soul Train Music Awards.

Background
In September 2010, Kevin McCall revealed that Brown had begun working on his fourth album, and mentioned the recording session he had with Brown, alongside the record producer Timbaland for this album. On September 18, 2010, Brown announced that the title to the album would be called F.A.M.E. The acronym of the title has two meanings, "Forgiving All My Enemies" and "Fans Are My Everything". In 2010, on "Christmas Day", Brown confirmed on his Twitter, that he would be collaborating on the track with Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. He even shared some plans of possibly collaborating with Bruno Mars, stating "ME and BRUNO MARS are doing an incredible record soon ... (like 2011 ELVIS and MICHAEL) gonna be a movie!!!!".

Wiz Khalifa, Asher Roth and Game were listed as artists whom have been working with Brown on this album. In describing the album, Brown said, "On this album some of the songs are more grown-up. There are songs from all genres: from street records to others that are real soul, 808 heavy that you'll hear in the club, and then others are strictly for the heart; songs that your mom and grandma can listen to and love.  Collectively, F.A.M.E. is me giving fans every aspect of who I am as far as my art, my culture, and my concepts."

Composition

F.A.M.E. contains songs of many genres including R&B, pop, hip hop, reggae and euro. The opening track, "Deuces", which features Kevin McCall and Tyga, is a slow, downtempo R&B track that "tells the story of a failed relationship". Joanne Dorken of MTV UK noted that the song shows off Brown's "silky-smooth vocals". "Up 2 You" is an R&B ballad, which follows on from the break-up theme. The song was likened to the musical styles of Bobby Brown and Usher. "Next to You", featuring Justin Bieber, is a "thumping mid-tempo" pop track. In the song, they both sing about their love for a girl. Sarah Rodman from The Boston Globe wrote that the song "offers one of Brown's most tender vocals to date". The third track, "No Bullshit", is an R&B song, which features a "classic 90's feel".

The album's up-tempo tracks, "Yeah 3x" and "Beautiful People", both feature electro house and Europop influences. "Yeah 3x" was compared to Brown's single "Forever" (2008), and was likened to the musical styles of The Black Eyed Peas, Usher and Jay Sean. The fourth track, "Look at Me Now", which features American rappers Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes, is a "dirty south-inspired" hip hop song, featuring "fast-rapping" from Brown, Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes. The song was musically compared to Soulja Boy Tell 'Em's work and Cali Swag District's "Teach Me How to Dougie" (2010). The fifth track, "She Ain't You", is a ballad which samples Michael Jackson's "Human Nature" (1983) and SWV's "Right Here" (1993). The ninth track, "All Back", is a rock ballad that features "raw vocals and prominent guitar". It was musically compared to Ryan Tedder's work. Brown revisits his rapping skills on the tracks, "Say It With Me" and "Oh My Love". Dorken described the former as a "fast-paced track with a dance feel", and likened the song's musical style to Justin Timberlake, because of its "high-pitched chorus." "Bomb", which features Wiz Khalifa, contains reggae influences, and was musically compared to Beenie Man's work.

Release and promotion
The standard edition of the album was released simultaneously with the deluxe edition from March 18, 2011. The deluxe edition included five additional tracks. The album cover, designed by Ron English, was revealed on February 14, 2011. The cover features a multi-colored, neon portrait of Brown striking a serious pose, while two identical images of him sporting a baseball cap face opposite directions on each shoulder. The official track listing for the album was then revealed on February 22, 2011.

To promote the album, Brown performed "Yeah 3x" and "No Bullshit" on Saturday Night Live on February 12, 2011. During the week leading up to the US release of the album, Brown treated fans to a series of secret listening sessions, and gave them an exclusive bonus track and music video. It was a campaign that Brown launched on behalf of his worldwide fan base, nicknamed "Team Breezy". The first listening session was held on March 14 in Los Angeles. It was then followed by consecutive sessions in Atlanta (March 15), Washington, D.C. (March 16) and New York City (March 17). Each session was held at a secret location and was hosted by Brown and the "Team Breezy" team leaders in each city.

On March 22, 2011, Brown appeared on Good Morning America to perform "Yeah 3x", and later appeared on 106 & Park, where he performed "Deuces", "Look at Me Now" and "Ain't Thinkin' 'Bout You". On March 29, 2011, a pre-taped performance of Brown performing "Yeah 3x" and a medley of "Forever" and "Beautiful People", was broadcast on Dancing with the Stars (US). On June 26, 2011, he performed "She Ain't You", "Look at Me Now" and "Paper, Scissors, Rock" live at the 2011 BET Awards. On July 15, 2011, Brown appeared on The Today Show, as part of the show's concert series, which took place at the Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. Brown performed "Yeah 3x", "I Can Transform Ya", "She Ain't You" and "Forever" at the concert. On August 28, 2011, Brown performed a medley of "Yeah 3x", "Protect Ya Neck", "Smells Like Teen Spirit" and "Beautiful People" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards.

Singles
"Yeah 3x" was released as the album's lead single on October 25, 2010. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised its production and lyrics. The song peaked at number 15 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100. It reached the top-ten on the singles charts of Australia, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. "Look at Me Now", which features American rappers Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes, was released as the album's second single on February 1, 2011. It was sent to rhythmic contemporary radio in the United States on February 8, 2011. Music critics noted "Look at Me Now" as the standout track on the album, and praised Busta Rhymes and Lil Wayne's rap verses. The song peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, making it Brown's highest chart position since "Forever" (2008). It reached number one on the US Rap Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts.

"Beautiful People", featuring Benny Benassi, was released as the album's third single on March 11, 2011. The song was well received by most music critics who praised its production and lyrics. "Beautiful People" reached the top-ten in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. In the United States, the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart, and became the first number-one single for both Brown and Benassi. "She Ain't You" was released to urban radio in the United States on March 28, 2011, as the fourth US single from F.A.M.E.. It peaked at number five on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, number 17 on the US Pop Songs chart, and number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

"Next to You", which features Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber, was released as the fourth international single on June 24, 2011. Most music critics positively reviewed the song, complimenting the blending of Brown and Bieber's vocals. The song reached the top-twenty in Austria, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and the top-thirty in Australia, Germany, Ireland and the United States. "Wet the Bed", which features American rapper Ludacris, was sent to US urban radio on September 13, 2011, as the album's fifth US single. It peaked at number six on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number 77 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Tour

Brown embarked on his F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011 in Australia. Jessica Mauboy, Havana Brown, and Justice Crew, served as the supporting acts on all dates of the Australian leg. 32 show dates in North America were later added to the tour, which began in September 2011. Kelly Rowland, T-Pain, Bow Wow and Tyga served as the opening acts of the North American leg.

Critical reception

F.A.M.E. received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 52, based on 16 reviews, which indicates "mixed or average reviews". Andy Gill of The Independent called F.A.M.E. "equal parts bubblebath boudoir soul and more bullish beat-driven floor-fillers", criticizing its content regarding "paranoia, reproach and bogus regret, along with the standard 'aspirational' bragging about money and sex". Los Angeles Times writer Margaret Wappler gave it two-and-a-half out of four stars and commented that it "feels strained and sometimes downright desperate", stating "the album leaves not an impression of one singular style but of the great effort required to mix and match so many times". The Observers Ally Carnwath wrote that Brown "still sounds hamstrung by a fear of trying anything too edgy". Evan Rytlewski of The A.V. Club wrote favorably of the album's "effervescent slow jams and up-tempo R&B struts", but criticized its "oversold ballads". Jon Caramanica of The New York Times wrote unfavorably of Brown's performance and stated "Mostly, he has a really charmless way with a lyric". The Boston Globes Sarah Rodman commented that "only a handful of tracks truly showcase Brown's strengths" and criticized his singing "crudely about sex, emptily about partying, and lazily about romance". David Amidon of PopMatters found Brown's vocal "apathetic" and panned the songs as "childish and trite".

However, AllMusic editor Andy Kellman gave it three-and-a-half out of five stars and complimented its "variety of styles", writing that "it hints that Brown's best is yet to come". Entertainment Weeklys Brad Wete complimented its "intoxicating hooks" and commented that the album "shines brighter than anything he produced before". Steve Jones of USA Today found it "edgier" than Brown's previous work and called it "the strongest album of his career". BBC Online's Nick Levine viewed that he lacks an "artistic identity", but complimented its "club-pop" songs and stated "despite [...] lapses in taste, and a glut of unadventurous mid-tempo RnB cuts, F.A.M.E. is no catastrophe". Rolling Stone writer Jody Rosen commented that "Brown has a good nose for production" and called F.A.M.E. "a pop 'n' b album with something for everyone". Sean Fennessey of The Washington Post called the album "unapologetically defiant", but expressed a mixed response towards its production and wrote that "the transitioning heartthrob vacillates between petulance and punch throughout". Slant Magazine's Eric Henderson commented that "The cute-to-ick ratio is significantly more favorable than it was last time around", but called the album "good for impressionable ears, but dull for discerning ones [...] a collection of avoidant club jams [...] and indirect overtures of love/lust".

Accolades
Brown received six nominations at the 2011 BET Awards and ultimately won five awards, including Best Male R&B Artist, Viewers Choice Award, The Fandemonium Award, Best Collaboration and Video of the Year for "Look at Me Now". He also won three awards the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards, including the People's Champ Award, Reese's Perfect Combo Award and Best Hip Hop Video for "Look at Me Now". F.A.M.E. was nominated for Favorite Soul/R&B Album at the 2011 American Music Awards. On November 27, 2011, it won Album of the Year at the 2011 Soul Train Music Awards. The album and its single, "Look at Me Now", earned Brown three nominations at the 54th Grammy Awards, including Best R&B Album, Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song. F.A.M.E. eventually won in the Best R&B Album category. At the 2012 NAACP Image Awards, the album was nominated in the Outstanding Album category. F.A.M.E. was nominated and later won in the Top R&B Album category of the 2012 Billboard Music Awards.

Commercial performance
F.A.M.E. debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 270,000 copies, serving as Brown's first number-one album on the chart. Its first week sales also served as the second-largest one-week sales of 2011 in the United States alone. On the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, F.A.M.E. also debuted at number one, giving Brown his third non-consecutive number-one album on the chart. As of May 2012, F.A.M.E. has sold 872,000 copies in the United States. In March 2016, the album was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined album sales and album-equivalent units of over two million units in the United States.

Track listing

Notes

 "Up to You" is titled as "Up 2 You" on the iTunes version of the album.
 "No Bullshit", which features Kevin McCall, is sometimes titled "No BS".
 "Yeah 3x" is stylized as "Yeah 3X" on the iTunes version of the album.
 "Next to You", which features Justin Bieber, is written as "Next 2 You" on the iTunes version of the album.
 "Bomb", which features Wiz Khalifa, was on the same version of the standard edition of the album, for a limited time only.

Sample credits
 "She Ain't You" contains portions of the recording "Right Here (Human Nature Radio Mix)" by SWV; and a sample of the recording "Human Nature" by Michael Jackson.
 "Yeah 3x", contains elements of the recording "I'm Not Alone" by Calvin Harris.
 "Bomb" contains a sample of the recording "Bam Bam" by Sister Nancy.

Personnel
Credits for F.A.M.E. adapted from Allmusic.

 Afrojack – producer
 Nasri Atweh – producer
 Derrick "Bigg D" Baker – producer
 Mark Beaven – assistant
 Alessandro "Alle" Benassi – producer
 Marco "Benny" Benassi – producer
 Timothy Bloom – producer
 David Boyd – assistant
 Chris Brown – creative director, executive producer, producer
 Kweli Calderon – grooming
 Kenneth Cappello – photography
 Antwoine "T-Wiz" Collins – producer
 Michael Congdon – assistant, engineer
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Michael Daley – assistant
 Tina Davis – executive producer
 Diplo – producer
 Lamar Edwards – keyboards
 Ron English – cover painting
 Dustin Faltz – assistant
 Iain Findlay – assistant
 Justin Franks – producer
 Free School – producer
 Jesus Garnica – assistant
 Serban Ghenea – mixing
 Dabling Harward – engineer
 Justin Henderson – producer
 Andrew Hey – engineer
 Ghazi Hourani – assistant
 Jaycen Joshua – mixing
 Marcus Johnson – assistant
 K Mac – producer
 Ryan Kelly – assistant
 Brian Kennedy – producer
 Mike Layos – assistant
 Lonnie-Smoek-Stinson – grooming
 Justin Merrill – assistant
 Adam Messinger – producer
 The Messingers – producer
 Mark Pitts – executive producer
 Harmony Samuels – producer
 Brian Springer – engineer, mixing
 Brian Stanley – mixing
 Amber Streeter – background vocals
 Anthony Taglianetti – assistant
 Team Breezy – art direction, creative director, design, executive producer, stylist
 Tha Bizness – producer
 David Thomas – stylist
 The Underdogs – producer
 Courtney Walter – art direction, creative director, design
 Christopher Whitacre – producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links

 F.A.M.E. at Metacritic

Category:2011 albums
Category:Chris Brown albums
Category:Jive Records albums
Category:Grammy Award for Best R&B Album
Category:Albums produced by Brian Kennedy (record producer)
Category:Albums produced by Diplo
Category:Albums produced by DJ Frank E
Category:Albums produced by Free School
Category:Albums produced by Harmony Samuels
Category:Albums produced by Jerome "J-Roc" Harmon
Category:Albums produced by Polow da Don
Category:Albums produced by Tha Bizness
Category:Albums produced by The Messengers (producers)
Category:Albums produced by The Underdogs (production team)
Category:Albums produced by Timbaland
Category:Albums recorded at Westlake Recording Studios


Lamotrigine

Lamotrigine, sold as the brand name Lamictal among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. For epilepsy, this includes focal seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In bipolar disorder, it is used to treat acute episodes of depression and rapid cycling in bipolar type II and to prevent recurrence in bipolar type I.

Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, vomiting, trouble with coordination, and rash. Serious side effects include lack of red blood cells, increased risk of suicide, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and allergic reactions. Concerns exist that use during pregnancy or breastfeeding may result in harm. Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine, making it chemically different from other anticonvulsants. How it works is not exactly clear. It appears to increase the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and decrease voltage-sensitive sodium channels.

Lamotrigine was first marketed in the United Kingdom in 1991 and approved for use in the United States in 1994. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$3.50 to US$23 per month as of 2015. In the United States, this amount has a wholesale cost of about US$4.60 as of 2019.

Medical uses

Epilepsy
Lamotrigine is considered a first-line drug for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (includes simple partial, complex partial, and secondarily generalized seizures such as focal-onset tonic-clonic seizures). It is also used as an alternative or adjuvant medication for partial seizures, such as absence seizure, myoclonic seizure, and atonic seizures.

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome
Lamotrigine is one of a small number of FDA-approved therapies for the form of epilepsy known as Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. It reduces the frequency of LGS seizures, and is one of two medications known to decrease the severity of drop attacks. Combination with valproate is common, but this increases the risk of lamotrigine-induced rash, and necessitates reduced dosing due to the interaction of these drugs.

Bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine is approved in the US for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. While the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproate are predominantly antimanics, lamotrigine is most effective for preventing the recurrent depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. The drug seems ineffective in the treatment of current rapid-cycling, acute mania, or acute depression in bipolar disorder; however, it is effective at prevention of or delaying of manic, depressive, or rapid cycling episodes. According to studies in 2007, lamotrigine may treat bipolar depression without triggering mania, hypomania, mixed states, or rapid-cycling.

Therapeutic benefit is less evident when lamotrigine is used to treat a current-mood episode. It has not demonstrated effectiveness in treating acute mania, and there is controversy regarding the drug's effectiveness in treating acute bipolar depression. While the 2002 American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines recommend lamotrigine as a first-line treatment for acute depression in bipolar II disorder, their website notes that the guidelines, being more than five years old, "can no longer be assumed to be current". A paper written in 2008 by Nassir et al. reviewed evidence from trials that were unpublished and not referenced in the 2002 APA guidelines, and it concludes that lamotrigine has "very limited, if any, efficacy in the treatment of acute bipolar depression". A 2008 paper by Calabrese et al. examined much of the same data, and found that in five placebo-controlled studies, lamotrigine did not significantly differ from placebo in the treatment of bipolar depression.  However, in a meta-analysis of these studies conducted in 2008, Calabrese found that lamotrigine was effective in individuals with bipolar depression, with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 11, or 7 in severe depression.

A 2013 review about lamotrigine concluded that it is recommended in bipolar maintenance when depression is prominent and that more research is needed in regard to its role in the treatment of acute bipolar depression and unipolar depression. Furthermore, no information to recommend its use in other psychiatric disorders was found.

Other uses
Off-label uses include the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headaches, migraines, visual snow, and reducing neuropathic pain, although a systematic review conducted in 2013 concluded that well-designed clinical trials have shown no benefit for lamotrigine in neuropathic pain. Off-label psychiatric usage includes the treatment of treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder, depersonalization disorder, hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and borderline personality disorder. It has not been shown to be useful in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Side effects
Lamotrigine prescribing information has a black box warning about life-threatening skin reactions, including Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), DRESS syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The manufacturer states that nearly all cases appear in the first two to eight weeks of therapy. Patients should seek medical attention for any unexpected skin rash, as its presence is an indication of a possible serious or even deadly side effect of the drug. Not all rashes that occur while taking lamotrigine progress to SJS or TEN. Between 5 and 10% of patients will develop a rash, but only one in a thousand patients will develop a serious rash. Rash and other skin reactions are more common in children, so this medication is often reserved for adults. For patients whose lamotrigine has been stopped after development of a rash, rechallenge with lamotrigine is also a viable option. However, it is not applicable for very serious cases.

The incidence of these eruptions increases in patients who are currently on, or recently discontinued a valproate-type anticonvulsant drug, as these medications interact in such a way that the clearance of both is decreased and the effective dose of lamotrigine is increased.

Side effects such as rash, fever, and fatigue are very serious, as they may indicate incipient SJS, TEN, DRESS syndrome, or aseptic meningitis.

Other side effects include loss of balance or coordination, double vision, crossed eyes, pupil constriction, blurred vision, dizziness and lack of coordination, drowsiness, insomnia, anxiety, vivid dreams or nightmares, dry mouth, mouth ulcers, memory problems, mood changes, itchiness, runny nose, cough, nausea, indigestion, abdominal pain, weight loss, missed or painful menstrual periods, and vaginitis. The side-effects profile varies for different patient populations. Overall adverse effects in treatment are similar between men, women, geriatric, pediatric and racial groups.

Lamotrigine has been associated with a decrease in white blood cell count (leukopenia). Lamotrigine does not prolong QT/QTc in TQT studies in healthy subjects.

In people taking antipsychotics, cases of lamotrigine-precipitated neuroleptic malignant syndrome have been reported.

In 2018, the FDA required a new warning for the risk of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This reaction can occur between days to weeks after starting the treatment.

Women
Women are more likely than men to have side effects. This is the opposite of most other anticonvulsants.

Some evidence shows interactions between lamotrigine and female hormones, which can be of particular concern for women on estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptives. Ethinylestradiol, an ingredient of such contraceptives, has been shown to decrease serum levels of lamotrigine. Women starting an estrogen-containing oral contraceptive may need to increase the dosage of lamotrigine to maintain its level of efficacy. Likewise, women may experience an increase in lamotrigine side effects upon discontinuation of birth control pills. This may include the "pill-free" week where lamotrigine serum levels have been shown to increase twofold.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Many studies have found no association between lamotrigine exposure in utero and birth defects, while those that have found an association have found only slight associations with minor malformations such as cleft palates. Review studies have found that overall rates of congenital malformations in infants exposed to lamotrigine in utero are relatively low (1-4%), which is similar to the rate of malformations in the general population. It is known that lamotrigine is a weak inhibitor of human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and other, more powerful, human DHFR inhibitors such as methotrexate are known to be teratogenic.

Lamotrigine is expressed in breast milk; the manufacturer does not recommend breastfeeding during treatment. A frequently updated review of scientific literature rates lamotrigine as L3: moderately safe.

Other types of effects
Lamotrigine binds to melanin-containing tissues such as the iris of the eye. The long-term consequences of this are unknown.

GlaxoSmithKline investigated lamotrigine for the treatment of ADHD with inconclusive results. No detrimental effects on cognitive function were observed; however, the only statistical improvement in core ADHD symptoms was an improvement on a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test  that measures auditory processing speed and calculation ability.  Another study reported that lamotrigine might be a safe and effective treatment option for adult ADHD comorbid with bipolar and recurrent depression.

Lamotrigine is known to affect sleep. Studies with small numbers of patients (10-15) reported that lamotrigine increases sleep stability (increases the duration of REM sleep, decreases the number of phase shifts, and decreases the duration of slow-wave sleep), and that there was no effect on vigilance, and daytime somnolence and cognitive function. However, a retrospective study of 109 patients' medical records found that 6.7% of patients experienced an "alerting effect" resulting in intolerable insomnia, for which the treatment had to be discontinued.

Lamotrigine can induce a type of seizure known as a myoclonic jerk, which tends to happen soon after the use of the medication. When used in the treatment of myoclonic epilepsies such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, lower doses (and lower plasma levels) are usually needed, as even moderate doses of this drug can induce seizures, including tonic-clonic seizures, which can develop into status epilepticus, which is a medical emergency. It can also cause myoclonic status epilepticus.

In overdose, lamotrigine can cause uncontrolled seizures in most people. Reported results in overdoses involving up to 15 g include increased seizures, coma, and death.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action
Lamotrigine is a member of the sodium channel blocking class of antiepileptic drugs. This may suppress the release of glutamate and aspartate, two of the dominant excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS. It is generally accepted to be a member of the sodium channel blocking class of antiepileptic drugs, but it could have additional actions, since it has a broader spectrum of action than other sodium channel antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and is effective in the treatment of the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, whereas other sodium channel-blocking antiepileptic drugs are not, possibly on account of its sigma receptor activity. In addition, lamotrigine shares few side effects with other, unrelated anticonvulsants known to inhibit sodium channels, which further emphasises its unique properties.

It is a triazine derivate that inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels, leading to stabilization of neuronal membranes. It also blocks L-, N-, and P-type calcium channels and weakly inhibits the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor. These actions are thought to inhibit release of glutamate at cortical projections in the ventral striatum limbic areas, and its neuroprotective and antiglutamatergic effects have been pointed out as promising contributors to its mood stabilizing activity. Observations that lamotrigine reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor-mediated neurotransmission in rat amygdala, suggest that a GABAergic mechanism may also be involved. It appears that lamotrigine does not increase GABA levels in humans.

Lamotrigine does not have pronounced effects on any of the usual neurotransmitter receptors that anticonvulsants affect (adrenergic, dopamine D1 and D2, muscarinic, GABA, histaminergic H1, serotonin 5-HT2, and N-methyl-D-aspartate). Inhibitory effects on 5-HT, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters are weak. Lamotrigine is a weak inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, but whether this effect is sufficient to contribute to a mechanism of action or increases risk to the fetus during pregnancy is not known. Early studies of lamotrigine's mechanism of action examined its effects on the release of endogenous amino acids from rat cerebral cortex slices in vitro. As is the case for antiepileptic drugs that act on voltage-dependent sodium channels, lamotrigine thereby inhibits the release of glutamate and aspartate, which is evoked by the sodium-channel activator veratrine, and was less effective in the inhibition of acetylcholine or GABA release. At high concentrations, it had no effect on spontaneous or potassium-evoked amino acid release.

These studies suggested that lamotrigine acts presynaptically on voltage-gated sodium channels to decrease glutamate release. Several electrophysiological studies have investigated the effects of lamotrigine on voltage-dependent sodium channels. For example, lamotrigine blocked sustained repetitive firing in cultured mouse spinal cord neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, at concentrations that are therapeutically relevant in the treatment of human seizures. In cultured hippocampal neurons, lamotrigine reduced sodium currents in a voltage-dependent manner, and at depolarised potentials showed a small frequency-dependent inhibition. These and a variety of other results indicate that the antiepileptic effect of lamotrigine, like those of phenytoin and carbamazepine, is at least in part due to use- and voltage-dependent modulation of fast voltage-dependent sodium currents. However, lamotrigine has a broader clinical spectrum of activity than phenytoin and carbamazepine and is recognised to be protective against generalised absence epilepsy and other generalised epilepsy syndromes, including primary generalised tonic–clonic seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

The basis for this broader spectrum of activity of lamotrigine is unknown, but could relate to actions of the drug on voltage-activated calcium channels. Lamotrigine blocks T-type calcium channels weakly, if at all. However, it does inhibit native and recombinant high voltage–activated calcium channels (N- and P/Q/R-types) at therapeutic concentrations. Whether this activity on calcium channels accounts for lamotrigine's broader clinical spectrum of activity in comparison with phenytoin and carbamazepine remains to be determined.

It antagonises these receptors with the following IC50 values:

 5-HT3, IC50=18μM
 σ receptors, IC50=145μM

Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine follow first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 29 hours and volume of distribution of 1.36 L/kg. Lamotrigine is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Its absolute bioavailability is 98% and its plasma Cmax occurs from 1.4 to 4.8 hours. Available data indicate that its bioavailability is not affected by food. Estimate of the mean apparent volume of distribution of lamotrigine following oral administration ranges from 0.9 to 1.3 L/kg. This is independent of dose and is similar following single and multiple doses in both patients with epilepsy and in healthy volunteers.

Lamotrigine is inactivated by glucuronidation in the liver. Lamotrigine is metabolized predominantly by glucuronic acid conjugation. Its major metabolite is an inactive 2-n-glucuronide conjugate.

Lamotrigine has fewer drug interactions than many anticonvulsant drugs, although pharmacokinetic interactions with carbamazepine, phenytoin and other hepatic enzyme inducing medications may shorten half-life. Dose adjustments should be made on clinical response, but monitoring may be of benefit in assessing compliance.

The capacity of available tests to detect potentially adverse consequences of melanin binding is unknown.  Clinical trials excluded subtle effects and optimal duration of treatment.  There are no specific recommendations for periodic ophthalmological monitoring.  Lamotrigine binds to the eye and melanin-containing tissues which can accumulate over time and may cause toxicity.   Prescribers should be aware of the possibility of long-term ophthalmologic effects and base treatment on  clinical response.  Patient compliance should be periodically reassessed with lab and medical testing of liver and kidney function to monitor progress or side effects.

History
 1991 - Lamotrigine is first used in the United Kingdom as an anticonvulsant medication
 December 1994 — lamotrigine was first approved for use in the United States and, that for the treatment of partial seizures.
 August 1998 — for use as adjunctive treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in pediatric and adult patients, new dosage form: chewable dispersible tablets.
 December 1998 — for use as monotherapy for treatment of partial seizures in adult patients when converting from a single enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drug.
 January 2003 — for use as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in pediatric patients as young as two years of age.
 June 2003 — approved for maintenance treatment of Bipolar II disorder; the first such medication since lithium.
 January 2004 — for use as monotherapy for treatment of partial seizures in adult patients when converting from the anti-epileptic drug valproate [including valproic acid (Depakene); sodium valproate (Epilim) and divalproex sodium (Depakote)].

Society and culture

Brand names

Lamotrigine was originally brought to market by GlaxoSmithKline, trademarked as Lamictal; it is also available in generic form under many brand names worldwide.

References

External links
 Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Lamictal — documents related to the FDA approval process, including medical reviews and correspondence letters.
 Epilepsy South Africa: MEDICATION FOR EPILEPSY — an epilepsy FAQ with a list of medicines for treatment thereof, includes lamotrigine with South African trade name Lamictin
 Adverse Reactions — reported adverse reactions and side-effects.
 U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal — Lamotrigine

Category:Anticonvulsants
Category:Chloroarenes
Category:GlaxoSmithKline brands
Category:Mood stabilizers
Category:Triazines
Category:World Health Organization essential medicines
Category:RTT


Electoral district of Midlands

The Electoral district of Midlands was an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly.
It was created in the 1945 redistribution and mainly consisted of the abolished Bulla and Dalhousie and Castlemaine and Kyneton districts.

Members for Midlands

See also
 Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
 List of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly

References

Category:Former electoral districts of Victoria (Australia)
Category:1945 establishments in Australia
Category:1985 disestablishments in Australia


Striatheca

Striatheca is a genus of beetles in the family Ptinidae. There are at least three described species in Striatheca:

 Striatheca cariniceps Sakai, 1983
 Striatheca filipinae Sakai, 1987
 Striatheca lineata White, 1973

References

Further reading

Category:Ptinidae


Jorge Massó

Jorge Rafael Massó Mustelier (born 16 February 1950) is a Cuban former footballer, born in Santiago de Cuba.

Club career
Born in Santiago de Cuba, Massó played for La Habana in the city his parents moved to 8 months after his birth.

International career
He made his international debut for Cuba in 1971 and has earned a total of 32 caps, scoring 1 goal. He represented his country in 4 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

He competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal at the 1971 Pan American Games and a silver medal at the 1979 Pan American Games.

Retirement
He was given a farewell match in August 1989 and went on to live in Venezuela with his wife Norelkis.

References

Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Santiago de Cuba
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Cuban footballers
Category:Cuba international footballers
Category:FC Ciudad de La Habana players
Category:Olympic footballers of Cuba
Category:Footballers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Category:Footballers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Pan American Games medalists in football
Category:Pan American Games bronze medalists for Cuba
Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for Cuba
Category:Cuban expatriates in Venezuela
Category:Footballers at the 1971 Pan American Games
Category:Footballers at the 1979 Pan American Games


Man Mohan Adhikari

Man Mohan Adhikari(Magi) ( 9 June 1920 – 26 April 1999) was the 31st Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995, representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He was the first democratically elected Communist Party member to be Prime Minister in Nepal.

Family and Early Life
Born in Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal, he spent his childhood in Biratnagar. His family was a landowner Brahmin family of Eastern Nepal. He was sent to Varanasi to study in 1938. While studying for his B.Sc. in 1942, Adhikari took part in Quit India movement and he was arrested by the British colonial authorities and jailed along with other politicians.

Life
During his stay in India, Adhikari became involved in the communist movement, joining the Communist Party of India. He returned to Biratnagar and worked in chemical industry where, in March 1947, he took part in the Biratnagar jute mill strike and was arrested and taken to Kathmandu via land route along with Girija Prasad Koirala and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala.

He took part in the founding of the Communist Party of Nepal in 1949. In 1957/58 Man Mohan Adhikari participated in the first time ever democratically held Parliamentary Elections in Nepal only halfheartedly, since he was keen on broadening his organization, while he had already become a key figure of the Communist Movement in the country. In 1959, the then elected government, led by Prime Minister B.P. Koirala was sacked and the elected Parliament was dissolved by King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva citing several reasons. Man Mohan, who was then in his home town Biratnager, Morang was arrested and lodged in a jail by the Koshi Zonal Commissioner Damodar Shumshere JB Rana. While he was in custody, the then democratically elected leader of Dharan Municipality Yagya Prasad Acharya, Secretary of then Nepal Communist Party Sunsari District Committee was entrusted by Man Mohan Adhikari to negotiate with the government authority for the release of communist leaders and cadres from the detention in Sunsari and Morang districts. Acharya had several rounds of parleys with communist leaders Mohan Adhikari, Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya, Radha Prasad Ghimire and others inside the jail and Zonal Commissioner Rana and Chief Administrator of Morang District Jeevan Lal Satyal. Adhikari, was a democratic persona, so he was of the opinion that all leaders and cadres who were democratically elected in public positions such as municipal councils, should continue their jobs for maintaining continued contacts with their constituencies, instead of playing an opposition role and going to jail. This policy of Man Mohan was a key move for the re-invigoration and expansion of the communist party in Eastern Nepal.

As per the instruction of leader Adhikari, a public statement pledging support to the Constructive Leadership of the King was issued and several leaders of the then Nepal Communist Party under custody in Sunsari and Morang districts were freed. After release from the jail Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Radha Parsad Ghimire (who was released after few months), Shailendra was given an audience by the King in Kathmandu, and entrusted an assignment to galvanize support for the political action taken by the King recently, who later was made the Assistant Home Affairs Minister of the country by King Mahendra.

During the Bangladesh Liberation War, Adhikari asserted that the war was an Indian aggression against Pakistan.

In November 1994, elections were held following a dissolution of parliament. Despite Congress securing a higher popular vote than the UML, the latter secured 88 seats to the former's 83. Neither party was successful in forming a coalition to hold a majority of the 205 seats. After failed coalition negotiations, however, Adhikari became Prime Minister of a minority government, acquiring the support of the National Democratic Party and the Sadbhavana Party.

In June 1995, the National Democratic Party and the Sadbhavana Party (who helped the UML form a minority government in November 1994) supported the Nepali Congress's call for a vote of no-confidence in Adhikari's government in a special session of the House of Representatives. Adhikari attempted to dissolve parliament and call elections in an attempt to replicate the circumstances under which he assumed office in 1994. But a Supreme Court challenge led by Congress saw this move deemed unconstitutional and the parliament was restored. The vote of no-confidence proceeded successfully. Elections in 1995 saw Adhikari's government voted out of office.

Adhikari was one of the few democratically elected communist party members in the world to serve as head of the government.

Health and death

Adhikari suffered from asthma for four decades and went to China for four years to seek treatment after contracting tuberculosis.

On 19 April 1999, he suffered a heart attack during an election rally in the village of Gothatar and fell into a coma. He was declared brain dead on 22 April with no hope of recovery. He died four days later. He was survived by his wife and two children.

References

Category:1920 births
Category:1999 deaths
Category:Prime ministers of Nepal
Category:Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) politicians
Category:Communist Party of Nepal (original) politicians
Category:People from Biratnagar
Category:People from Kathmandu
Category:Nepalese expatriates in China


Galaxy 11

Galaxy 11 is an American geostationary communications satellite which is operated by Intelsat. It is located in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 32.8 degrees east, where it serves as a backup to the Intelsat 802 spacecraft. It was originally operated at 99° West and later spent most of its operational life at 91° West, from where it was used to provide communications services to Brazil and North America.

Galaxy 11 was built for PanAmSat by Hughes Space and Communications, and is based on the HS-702 satellite bus. It was the first HS-702 to be launched, and the first satellite to be equipped with an XIPS propulsion system. It carries 24 G/H band and 40 J band (IEEE C and s respectively) transponders, and at launch it had a mass of , with an expected operational lifespan of around 15 years.

As the first HS-702 to fly, Galaxy 11 was one of the six which were launched before a design flaw in the type's solar arrays was discovered. Solar concentrators, used to increase the amount of sunlight falling on the arrays, were fogging up due to vapours emitted by the satellite. This reduces the output of the solar arrays, and is expected to result in a reduced operational lifespan. Following the discovery of the fault, US$130 million insurance was claimed on the satellite. The satellite was transferred to Intelsat when it merged with PanAmSat in 2006.

The launch of Galaxy 11 was conducted by Arianespace, using an Ariane 44L carrier rocket flying from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre. The launch occurred at 00:50 UTC on 22 December 1999. It successfully placed Galaxy 11 into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, from which it raised itself to geostationary orbit by means of an onboard R-4D apogee motor. Its insertion into geosynchronous orbit occurred at 16:30 on 2 January 2000. The satellite was originally scheduled to be launched by Sea Launch, on the maiden flight of the Zenit-3SL, however the contract was transferred to Arianespace, and Sea Launch replaced Galaxy 11 with a DemoSat for their maiden flight.

It currently operates at 44.9° East.

See also

1999 in spaceflight

References

Category:Spacecraft launched in 1999
Category:Communications satellites in geostationary orbit


RUFC

RUFC may refer to:

 Rotherham United F.C., an association football club in Rotherham, England
 A rugby union football club (see also :Category:Rugby union teams)

Other football clubs:
 Rakhine United F.C.
 Ramsbottom United F.C.
 Retford United F.C.
 Risca United F.C.
 Rochester United F.C.
 Rossendale United F.C.


Pike County Schools (Alabama)

Pike County Schools is a public school district in Pike County, Alabama, United States, based in Troy, Alabama.

Schools
The Pike County School District has three elementary schools, one middle school, two high school and one vocational facility.

References

External links
Pike County Schools
Troy-Pike Center for Technology

Category:School districts in Alabama
Category:Education in Pike County, Alabama


Fiholm Castle

Fiholm Manor is a Landed Estate located approximately 20 km West of Eskilstuna in Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden.  It is privately owned.

The Landed Estate of Fiholm was commissioned by the Swedish statesman Axel Oxenstierna in 1640 to the plans of the French architect Simon de Vallée. The two standing buildings (wings) were drawn up in a French-Dutch Renaissance style and completed in 1642, representing some of the finest kept examples of fine Swedish architecture of that period. Construction works at Fiholm were overseen by the elder Nikodemus Tessin, then only 25 years old, and the intention was that the two standing buildings should become wings to a magnificent stately Manor House. Sadly the Manor House was never realised.

The nearby located Jäder Church was built by Oxenstierna at the same time, and can through its grandeur indicate what might have been. Jäders kyrka remains to this day the burial church for the Oxenstierna family.

See also
List of castles and palaces in Sweden

References

Category:Castles in Södermanland County


Karanvir Singh

Karanvir Singh (born 4 December 1989 in Ludhiana, Punjab, India) is Chairman of Visionum Group.

Early life

Karanvir was born in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Karanvir did his schooling from Guru Nanak International Public School, Ludhiana and later came to Indore for bachelor's degree in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science, Indore in 2008.

Career
Karanvir started his career as a Software Engineer by working for the USA based Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). While working for CSC, Karanvir developed and managed the relationship with Standard Mutual and Builders Risk, both insurance clients for CSC and solely coordinated across many cross-functional teams from CSC, client and partner vendors, located in USA and India. He then started Visionum Group.

Recent Achievements
Karanvir is focusing on the front of Smart Cities in the domain of Transportation, Health, Education, Energy, etc.

In 2015, Karanvir was selected as Global Shaper at World Economic Forum from Indore hub.

References

Category:Businesspeople from Haryana
Category:1989 births
Category:Indian Institutes of Management alumni
Category:Living people


London Buses route 11

London Buses route 11 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Fulham Broadway and Liverpool Street, it is operated by London General.

History

Route 11 was introduced by the London General Omnibus Company in August 1906, and is amongst the oldest routes to have operated continuously in London, although its route has changed on several occasions. It was the first route operated by London Road-Car Co Ltd, running from Victoria to Hammersmith via Chelsea. From 1916, LGOC B-type buses allocated to Old Kent Road garage were used until 1924, when it was allocated to Kingston garage.

On 5 August 1922, Leyland LB (London Bus) type buses were introduced on route 11 by Arthur George Partridge and Christopher Dodson Ltd with chocolate livery and the fleet name "Express". The first AEC NS-Type buses entered service on route 11 in May 1923. On 5 September 1932, Q1 buses were used on this route which operated from Liverpool Street to Shepherd's Bush.

In May 1949, Leyland Titan RTW buses were introduced on route 11. AEC Regent III RT buses were in service on route 11 in the 1950s. On 12 June 1959, the fourth AEC Routemaster in passenger service (RM14), entered service on route 11 from Riverside garage.

The route starts at Fulham Broadway and operates via the West End and some of London's most famous landmarks to Liverpool Street bus station. The journey from the top deck is a cheap means of sightseeing in London. It previously ran to Hammersmith until being replaced west of Fulham Broadway on 17 July 1993 by route 211.

In October 1996, London General buses operating on route 11 from its Waterloo garage switched to City Diesel.

On 4 June 2002, Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee, the Metropolitan Police flagged down a Number 11 bus and used it as temporary transport for twenty-three peaceful anti-royalty demonstrators whom they had arrested after the demonstration, most of them in a nearby pub. The bus was used to take the protestors to various police stations for questioning. The protesters sued the police, and the Met settled out of court with an apology, an admission of unlawful detention, and a payment of £3,500 to each protester.

The route has a cameo appearance in the 2006 film The Da Vinci Code, where the protagonists take a number 11 bus from near Temple Church to get to "Chelsea Library", though they get off at Westminster Abbey; this is the same route the bus takes in real life.

London General has successfully retained route 11 with new contracts starting on 30 October 2010 and 31 October 2015.

New Routemasters were introduced on 21 September 2013. The rear platform remains open from Monday to Friday between 06:20 and 18:40, on Saturday between 07:00 and 18:00 and on Sunday between 08:30 and 18:00 when it is staffed by a customer assistant. In September 2016, conductors were removed from buses on route 11 and buses now operate with drivers only and the rear platform closed.

Current route
Route 11 operates via these primary locations:
Fulham Broadway station
King's Road
Sloane Square station
Victoria Coach Station
Victoria bus station  for Victoria station
St James's Park station
Westminster station
Trafalgar Square
Charing Cross station
Aldwych
St. Paul's
Bank Station
Liverpool Street Station

The bus route passes many tourist attractions including:

It also goes near the Royal Courts of Justice, St Clement Danes, Aldwych Underground station, High Commission of Australia, Savoy Hotel, Nelson's Column, Admiralty Arch, Big Ben, Palace of Westminster and New Scotland Yard. The Daily Telegraph called the route one of the "best routes for sightseeing on a shoestring".

References

External links

Timetable

Category:Bus routes in London
Category:Transport in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Category:Transport in the City of London
Category:Transport in the City of Westminster


Under One Roof (film)

Under One Roof is a 2002 independent gay-themed romance film directed by Todd Wilson and starring Jay Wong, James Marks, Sandra Lee, and starring James Quedado. Shot on digital video, the film tells the story of a young gay Chinese-American man's search for true love and family acceptance within a framework of traditional norms. Under One Roof played worldwide at LGBTQ film festivals following its release.

Plot
Daniel Chang (Wong) is a twenty-something second-generation Chinese-American living at home in San Francisco with his widowed mother, who can speak broken English, and his grandmother (his father's mother), who cannot speak English. Ever since his father died, he has fulfilled his patriarchal duty as first and only son by managing the family business and looking after his mother. Being gay, he avoids the second major responsibility of carrying on the family line through heterosexual marriage and reproduction. Out of respect for his mother's values, he tries to keep, as he puts it, his home life and his "homo life" separate. By not directly telling his mother that he is gay, he has unwittingly found himself in a tense but hilarious situation where his mother continually pressures him to marry women of her choosing. Luckily, Daniel's female friend, Michelle, graciously rescues him from the constant onslaught of potential dates by pretending to be his steady girlfriend (for a price), which deflects his need to come out to his mother.

Besides the extra money Mrs. Chang makes playing Mahjong, she also rents out the basement illegally. Daniel relates how he was quite happy to leave the previous female tenant alone. Daniel expects his mother to replace the previous tenant with another woman and is astounded when the new tenant turns out to be Robert, a young attractive white man from Indiana. Daniel immediately has a crush on him. Following a plumbing mishap that floods the basement with raw sewage, Mrs. Chang apologetically moves Robert into the only other bedroom that is not hers—Daniel's room. Even though reality has merged with Daniel's deepest fantasies, he bows to the paranoia that his mother will find out he is gay and decides to sleep on the living room sofa. Mrs. Chang eventually kicks Daniel off the couch so she can watch her late-night TV programs, and he is forced to share his bed with Robert. Daniel manages to be prudish for a few nights but eventually the two become lovers.

Daniel's fear of being caught making out with a man constantly gets in between his relationship with Robert, and Daniel begins to wish that the basement repairs would finish soon so they could move their lovemaking to a safer area. However, one day Mrs. Chang and Grandma return home earlier than expected right in the middle of one of Daniel and Robert's trysts. Grandma walks in on them during copulation to offer them mooncakes, one of the few English words she knows. She sheepishly leaves the mooncakes on the nightstand and exits, giving them enough time to roll apart to opposite sides of the bed just as Mrs. Chang walks in. Daniel quickly chastizes her for not knocking and makes up the excuse that he was napping. Mrs. Chang does not seem to notice that both he and Robert are naked, but she bluntly tells Robert to move his belongings back into the basement that night.

With the basement repaired, Daniel imagines he can finally spend time with Robert away from his mother's prying eyes, but the very next day a San Francisco building inspector stops by. Daniel suspects his own mother called the inspector, who gives the Chang's a list of expensive home improvements that would be needed to legally rent the room. Mrs. Chang jumps at the chance, arguing with Daniel that she has no choice but to make Robert move out. Their argument echoes in the basement and Robert hears Daniel give in without too much of a fight. Heartbroken, Robert moves away to a friend's place in Pasadena.

Daniel reaches his breaking point. Miserable and determined not to be alone forever, he comes out to his mother the very next time she starts talking about available young women. This time he is direct and asserts that he wants to be with Robert. Mrs. Chang reacts angrily, lecturing Daniel in her native tongue and storming away from him. In her confusion, disappointment and fear of losing Daniel (who threatened to move out), she turns to the only other woman she knows with a gay son, Robert's mother. Robert's mother asks Mrs. Chang if it wouldn't be so bad to have another son, a clever way of getting around the cultural taboo of same-sex love. Shortly thereafter, Mrs. Chang calls Daniel back home to meet another potential date. Daniel flips out and races back home to stand up to his mother for the last time. He opens the door bellowing out, "Mother!" but almost chokes from surprise when Robert walks toward him instead. Mrs. Chang had invited Robert to be part of their family.

Cast
 Jay Wong as Daniel Chang
 James Marks as Robert
 Sandra Lee as Mrs. Chang
 James Quedado as Tony
 Audrey Finer as Mrs. Watson
 Vivian Kobayashi as Gram Chang
 Trish Ng as Amy
 Sina Eiden as Rachel
 Erik Ing as Jason
 Xin Feng Lin as Plumber
 Ken Craig as Randy
 Leslie MacKay as Nude BBQ Guest
 Christopher Stout as Nude BBQ Guest
 Wyman Chang as Henry
 Dianne Cragg as Fortune Teller

Home media
Under One Roof was released on Region 1 DVD on April 8, 2003.

References

External links

 Variety Review Oct 28 2002
 David Lewis interview, Under One Roof, at SFGAM''

Category:2002 films
Category:2000s drama films
Category:2000s independent films
Category:American independent films
Category:LGBT-related drama films
Category:American LGBT-related films
Category:American films
Category:Films about race and ethnicity
Category:English-language films
Category:Chinese-language films
Category:Films set in San Francisco


Jesse Kremer

Jesse Kremer is an American politician, emergency medical technician (EMT), and firefighter.

From Kewaskum, Wisconsin, Kremer was born in Moline, Illinois. He served in the United States Army and Wisconsin Army National Guard. In 1995, Kremer graduated from Kettle Moraine Lutheran High School. He received his A.S. in Professional Pilot Training from Fox Valley Technical College attended the Police Recruit Academy and firefighter training at Waukesha County Technical College and EMT training at Milwaukee Area Technical College. Kremer was a firefighter on the Germantown Fire Department and is still an EMT and firefighter on the Kewaskum Fire Department. He was also an airline captain at Midwest Connect Airlines. On November 4, 2014, Kremer was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly for Assembly District 59.

Kremer advocates Young Earth creationism and stated it as fact during a May 2017 Colleges and Universities Assembly committee hearing. PolitiFact called him out for falsely stating as a fact the age of the Earth at 6000 year, as opposed to stating that it was his belief, leading to him being described as "a documented Christian extremist and an intellectually incompetent buffoon" by Michael Stone in his  Progressive Secular Humanist blog on Patheos.

References

Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Moline, Illinois
Category:People from Kewaskum, Wisconsin
Category:Fox Valley Technical College alumni
Category:Milwaukee Area Technical College alumni
Category:Waukesha County Technical College alumni
Category:Military personnel from Wisconsin
Category:Wisconsin Republicans
Category:Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:People from Germantown, Wisconsin


Arrondissement of Nantes

The arrondissement of Nantes is an arrondissement of France in the Loire-Atlantique department in the Pays de la Loire region. It has 76 communes. Its population is 830,509 (2016), and its area is .

Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of Nantes, and their INSEE codes, are:

 Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine (44002)
 Basse-Goulaine (44009)
 Le Bignon (44014)
 La Boissière-du-Doré (44016)
 Bouaye (44018)
 Bouguenais (44020)
 Boussay (44022)
 Brains (44024)
 Carquefou (44026)
 La Chapelle-Heulin (44032)
 La Chapelle-sur-Erdre (44035)
 Château-Thébaud (44037)
 Cheix-en-Retz (44039)
 La Chevrolière (44041)
 Clisson (44043)
 Corcoué-sur-Logne (44156)
 Cordemais (44045)
 Couëron (44047)
 Divatte-sur-Loire (44029)
 Geneston (44223)
 Gétigné (44063)
 Gorges (44064)
 La Haie-Fouassière (44070)
 Haute-Goulaine (44071)
 Indre (44074)
 Le Landreau (44079)
 Legé (44081)
 La Limouzinière (44083)
 Le Loroux-Bottereau (44084)
 Machecoul-Saint-Même (44087)
 Maisdon-sur-Sèvre (44088)
 La Marne (44090)
 Mauves-sur-Loire (44094)
 Monnières (44100)
 La Montagne (44101)
 Montbert (44102)
 Mouzillon (44108)
 Nantes (44109)
 Orvault (44114)
 Le Pallet (44117)
 Paulx (44119)
 Le Pellerin (44120)
 La Planche (44127)
 Pont-Saint-Martin (44130)
 Port-Saint-Père (44133)
 La Regrippière (44140)
 La Remaudière (44141)
 Remouillé (44142)
 Rezé (44143)
 Rouans (44145)
 Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu (44150)
 Saint-Colomban (44155)
 Sainte-Luce-sur-Loire (44172)
 Sainte-Pazanne (44186)
 Saint-Étienne-de-Mer-Morte (44157)
 Saint-Étienne-de-Montluc (44158)
 Saint-Fiacre-sur-Maine (44159)
 Saint-Herblain (44162)
 Saint-Hilaire-de-Clisson (44165)
 Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau (44166)
 Saint-Julien-de-Concelles (44169)
 Saint-Léger-les-Vignes (44171)
 Saint-Lumine-de-Clisson (44173)
 Saint-Lumine-de-Coutais (44174)
 Saint-Mars-de-Coutais (44178)
 Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu (44188)
 Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire (44190)
 Sautron (44194)
 Les Sorinières (44198)
 Le Temple-de-Bretagne (44203)
 Thouaré-sur-Loire (44204)
 Touvois (44206)
 Vallet (44212)
 Vertou (44215)
 Vieillevigne (44216)
 Vue (44220)

History

The arrondissement of Nantes was created in 1800. In January 2017 it lost four communes to the new arrondissement of Châteaubriant-Ancenis.

As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Nantes were, as of January 2015:

 Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine
 Bouaye
 Carquefou
 La Chapelle-sur-Erdre
 Clisson
 Legé
 Le Loroux-Bottereau
 Machecoul
 Nantes-1
 Nantes-2
 Nantes-3
 Nantes-4
 Nantes-5
 Nantes-6
 Nantes-7
 Nantes-8
 Nantes-9
 Nantes-10
 Nantes-11
 Orvault
 Le Pellerin
 Rezé
 Saint-Étienne-de-Montluc
 Saint-Herblain-Est
 Saint-Herblain-Ouest-Indre
 Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu
 Vallet
 Vertou
 Vertou-Vignoble

References

Nantes


Glyphodes toulgoetalis

Glyphodes toulgoetalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Marion in 1954. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Category:Moths described in 1954
Category:Glyphodes


Thomas Dunne (Irish politician)

Thomas Dunne (10 March 1926 – 3 August 1990) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and Teachta Dála (TD) for Tipperary North from 1961 to 1977.

He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1957 general election, but at the 1961 general election he defeated the Fianna Fáil TD Mary Ryan, and took his seat in the 17th Dáil. He was re-elected at the next three general elections, before losing his seat in the Fianna Fáil landslide at the 1977 general election to Michael Smith.

In 1973, Dunne was appointed a member of the second delegation from the Oireachtas to the European Parliament.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:1990 deaths
Category:Fine Gael TDs
Category:Members of the 17th Dáil
Category:Members of the 18th Dáil
Category:Members of the 19th Dáil
Category:Members of the 20th Dáil
Category:Fine Gael MEPs
Category:MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1973–1977
Category:Politicians from County Tipperary


RTL Lounge

RTL Lounge is a Dutch pay television channel dedicated to drama and lifestyle programmes.

It is operated by RTL Nederland and launched on 2 October 2009.

American and British TV series are subtitled in Dutch.

Programming

Domestic
 Goede tijden, slechte tijden (classic episodes) (reruns)
 Gooische Vrouwen

Imported
 The Bold and the Beautiful (repeats)
 The Hills
 How to Look Good Naked
 Jamie's 30 Minutes Meals
 Samantha Brown's Great Weekends

References

External links
Official site

Category:RTL Nederland
Category:Television channels in the Netherlands
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2009


Charlie Ellix

Charlie Ellix (18 October 1941 – 18 March 2002) was an English professional darts player.

Career
Ellix reached the final in the 1976 Indoor League, losing to Leighton Rees. He then reached the quarter finals of the 1977 Winmau World Masters, losing to eventual winner Eric Bristow. Ellix reached another final in the 1978 Denmark Open where he lost to John Lowe and then reached the quarter final in the 1978 World Masters, losing to Tony Sontag.

Ellix played in the 1979 BDO World Darts Championship, losing in the first round to Doug McCarthy. He returned to Jollees two years later for the 1981 BDO World Darts Championship, again losing in the first round to Dave Whitcombe.

On 29 April 1974 he threw the then fastest (in numbers of darts thrown) 3,001 when he achieved this score with only 79 darts, an average of 37.98 per dart.

Ellix died on March 18 2002.

World Championships Results

BDO
 1979: Last 24 (lost to Doug McCarthy 1-2) (sets)
 1981: Last 32 (lost to Dave Whitcombe 0-2)

References

External links
Profile and stats on Darts Database

Category:English darts players
Category:1941 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:People from Billingham
Category:British Darts Organisation players
Category:Sportspeople from County Durham


List of non-marine molluscs of Argentina

The non-marine molluscs of Argentina are a part of the molluscan fauna of Argentina.

There are hundreds of species of molluscs living in the wild in Argentina.

There are a total of ??? species of gastropods, which breaks down to 101 species of freshwater gastropods, and ??? species of land gastropods in ?? genera, plus 65 species of bivalves living in the wild.

There are ?? non-indigenous species of gastropods (4 freshwater and ?? land species: ?? snails and ?? slugs) and ? species of bivalves in the wild in Argentina. This is a total of ? freshwater non-indigenous species of wild molluscs.

Potamolithus is the largest genus (with highest species richness) of recent freshwater snails in Argentina.

Summary table of number of species

Freshwater gastropods
There are 10 families of freshwater gastropods in Argentina. There are 40 species of freshwater gastropods endemic to Argentina. There are about 45 endangered freshwater gastropods in Argentina.

Ampullariidae - 12 species, one endemic
 Asolene platae (Maton, 1809)
 Asolene puelchella (Anton, 1839)
 Asolene spixii (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Felipponea neritiniformis (Dall, 1919)
 Felipponea elongata (Dall, 1921)
 Felipponea iheringi (Pilsbry, 1933)
 Marisa planogyra Pilsbry, 1933
 Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822)
 Pomacea insularum (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Pomacea scalaris (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Pomella americanista (Ihering, 1919)
 Pomella megastoma (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)

Thiaridae - 4 species, 3 endemic but extinct in the wild
 Aylacostoma chloroticum Hylton-Scot, 1954 - extinct in the wild
 Aylacostoma guaraniticum (Hylton-Scot, 1951) - extinct in the wild
 Aylacostoma stigmaticum Hylton-Scot, 1954 - extinct in the wild
 Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774)

Cochliopidae - 16 species, 10 endemic
 Heleobia australis (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Heleobia castellanosae (Gaillard, 1974)
 Heleobia conexa (Gaillard, 1974)
 Heleobia guaranitica (Doering, 1884)
 Heleobia hatcheri (Pilsbry, 1911)
 Heleobia isabelleana (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Heleobia kuesteri (Ströbel, 1874)
 Heleobia montana (Doering, 1884)
 Heleobia occidentalis (Doering, 1884)
 Heleobia parchappii (d'Orbigny, 1835) - but Heleobia occidentalis and Heleobia vianai may be synonyms of Heleobia parchappii
 Heleobia peiranoi (Weyrauch, 1963)
 Heleobia piscium (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Heleobia rionegrina (Gaillard, 1974)
 Heleobia sublineata (Pilsbry, 1911)
 Heleobia tucumana (Gaillard, 1974)
 Heleobia vianai (Parodiz, 1960)

Lithoglyphidae - 22 species
 Potamolithus agapetus Pilsbry, 1911
 Potamolithus bushii (Frauenfeld, 1865)
 Potamolithus callosus Pilsbry, 1925
 Potamolithus catharinae Pilsbry, 1911
 Potamolithus concordianus Parodiz, 1966
 Potamolithus conicus (Brot, 1867)
 Potamolithus dinochilus Pilsbry, 1896
 Potamolithus doeringi Pilsbry, 1911
 Potamolithus hidalgoi Pilsbry, 1896
 Potamolithus iheringi Pilsbry, 1896
 Potamolithus lapidum (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Potamolithus microthauma Pilsbry, 1896
 Potamolithus orbignyi Pilsbry, 1896
 Potamolithus paranensis Pilsbry, 1911
 Potamolithus peristomatus (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Potamolithus petitianus (d'Orbigny, 1840)
 Potamolithus philipianus Pilsbry, 1911
 Potamolithus quadratus Pilsbry & Ihering, 1911
 Potamolithus rushii Pilsbry, 1896
 Potamolithus simplex Pilsbry, 1911
 Potamolithus tricostatus (Brot, 1867)
 Potamolithus valchetensis Miquel, 1998

Glacidorbidae - 1 species
 Gondwanorbis magallanicus (Meier-Brook & Smith, 1976)

Chilinidae - 17 species, 12 endemic
 Chilina aurantia Marshall, 1924
 Chilina dombeiana (Bruguière, 1789)
 Chilina fluminea (Maton, 1809)
 Chilina fulgurata Pilsbry, 1911
 Chilina gallardoi Castellanos & Gaillard, 1981
 Chilina gibbosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1841
 Chilina guaraniana Castellanos & Miquel, 1980
 Chilina iguazuensis Gregoric & Rumi, 2008
 Chilina megastoma Hylton Scott, 1958
 Chilina mendozana Ströbel, 1874
 Chilina neuquenensis Marshall, 1933
 Chilina parchappii (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Chilina patagonica Sowerby II, 1874
 Chilina perrieri Mabille, 1833
 Chilina portillensis Hidalgo, 1880
 Chilina rushii Pilsbry, 1911
 Chilina strebeli Pilsbry, 1911

Lymnaeidae - 5 species, 2 endemic
 Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817)
 Lymnaea diaphana King, 1830
 Lymnaea pictonica Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885
 Lymnaea plicata Hylton Scott, 1953
 Lymnaea viatrix (d´Orbigny, 1835)

Planorbidae - 20 species
 Antillorbis nordestensis (Lucena, 1954)
 Acrorbis petricola Odhner, 1937
 Biomphalaria intermedia (Paraense & Deslandes, 1962)
 Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981
 Biomphalaria oligoza Paraense, 1974
 Biomphalaria orbignyi Paraense, 1975
 Biomphalaria peregrina (d´Orbigny, 1835)
 Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848)
 Biomphalaria tenagophila (d´Orbigny, 1835)
 Drepanotrema anatinum (d´Orbigny, 1835)
 Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1839)
 Drepanotrema depressissimun (Moricand, 1839)
 Drepanotrema heloicum (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Drepanotrema kermatoides (d'Orbigny, 1835)
 Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839)
 Anisancylus obliquus (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
 Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962)
 Hebetancylus moricandi (d´Orbigny, 1837)
 Laevapex sp.
 Uncancylus concentricus (d´Orbigny, 1835)

Physidae - 5 species, 2? endemic
 Physa aspii Holmerg, 1909
 Physa loosi Holmerg, 1909
 "Physella cubensis" (Pfeiffer, 1839)
 "Physella venustula" (Gould, 1848)
 "Stenophysa marmorata" (Guilding, 1828)

Land gastropods

Cyclophoridae
 Adelopoma tucma

Charopidae
 Lilloiconcha tucumana
 Radiodiscus iheringi
 Trochogyra leptotera Rochebrune & Mabille, 1882

Helicodiscidae

Diplommatinidae

Succineidae
 Omalonyx unguis (d’Orbigny, 1837)

Scolodontidae (Systrophiidae is a synonym for Scolodontidae)
 Wayampia trochilioneides
 Scolodonta Doering, 1875

Odontostomidae
 Plagiodontes rocae Doering, 1881
 Plagiodontes weyrauchi Pizá & Cazzaniga, 2009

Milacidae
 Milax gagates (Draparnaud, 1801) - non-indigenous

Epiphragmophoridae
 Epiphragmophora Doering, 1874 - (see also Cuezzo 2006)

Freshwater bivalves

Hyriidae - 1? endemic

Etheriidae - 1? endemic

Sphaeriidae - 25 species, 10 endemic

Corbiculidae
 Corbicula fluminea - invasive species

Mytilidae
 Limnoperna fortunei - invasive species

See also
 List of marine molluscs of Argentina

Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:
 List of non-marine molluscs of Chile
 List of non-marine molluscs of Bolivia
 List of non-marine molluscs of Paraguay
 List of non-marine molluscs of Brazil
 List of non-marine molluscs of Uruguay

References

Further reading
 Cuezzo M. G. (2006). "Systematic Revision and Cladistic Analysis of Epiphragmophora Doering from Argentina and Southern Bolivia (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Xanthonychidae)". Malacologia 49(1): 121-188.
 Fernández D. (1973). "Catálogo de la malacofauna terrestre argentina". Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 4: 1–197.
 Fernández D. & Castellanos Z. (1973). "Clave genérica de la malacofauna terrestre Argentina". Revista del Museo de La Plata XI, Zoología 107: 265–285.
 Gregoric D. E. G., Núñez V., Rumi A. & Roche M. A. (2006). "Freshwater gastropods from del Plata basin, Argentina. Checklist and new locality records". Comunicaciones de la Sociedad Malacológica del Uruguay 9(89): 51-60. PDF.
  Holmberg E. L. (1909). "Mollusca Geophila Argentina Nova". Apuntes Historia Natural Buenos Aires 1: 19-12.
  Holmberg E. L. (1909). "Mollusca Argentina Varia". Apuntes Historia Natural Buenos Aires 1: 691-92.
  Holmberg E. L. (1912). "Moluscos Argentinos en parte nuevos, coleccionados por Franco Pastore". Physis 1: 20-22.
  Miquel S. E. & Aguirre M. L. (2011). "Taxonomía de los gastrópodos terrestres del Cuartenario de Argentina". [Taxonomy of terrestrial gastropods from the Quaternary of Argentina.] Revista Española de Paleontología 26(2): 101-133. PDF.
  Parodiz J. J. (1957). "Catalogue of Land Mollusca of Argentina". The Nautilus 70(4): 127-135.
  Parodiz J. J. (1957). "Catalogue of Land Mollusca of Argentina". The Nautilus 71(1): 22-30.

External links

*Nonmarine molluscs
Molloscs
Argentina
Argentina
*Argentina
Argentina


Charles, Providence, Rhode Island

Charles is a neighborhood in northern Providence, Rhode Island.  Along with Wanskuck, it comprises what is sometimes referred to as the North End. To the west Charles is partitioned from Wanskuck by Route 146, while the Chad Brown public housing complex separates Charles from Smith Hill to the south, and the West River and Interstate 95 bounds the area to the east.  The city limits abutting the city of North Providence bound Charles to the north.

History
Until Wanskuck Road (now Branch Avenue) was completed in 1706, Charles's lack of connections to the more developed part of Providence kept the area sparsely populated.  In 1765, the isolated North End  (of which Charles is a part) was annexed to the neighboring town of North Providence.  By the 19th century, the improvement in infrastructure and proximity to the West River caused corporations such as the Silver Spring Bleaching and Dyeing Company to move to the area.  With the new industry came an influx of immigrants and an increase in demand for housing stock.  By the end of the century the neighborhood was filled with one and two family homes of Irish, English, German, Scottish, and Italian immigrant families, with the largest presence found of the latter.  This rapid growth and development were among the factors that lead North Providence to return the North End to Providence in 1874.

The neighborhood's connection to the rest of Providence improved further with streetcar service in 1895.  By the 1930s, Charles was densely settled by the working and middle class.

In the latter half of the 20th century, much industry declined and withdrew from the region, though the effects have been somewhat mitigated by Providence's attempts to market part of the area as an industrial park.

Demographics
For the most part, Charles remains a primarily residential and commercial neighborhood.  Homeownership, unemployment, and income levels remain steady and the neighborhood remains predominantly white with 52.7% of occupants claiming Italian ancestry. 16% of residents are Hispanic and 8% are African-American. One in three children under the age of six speaks a language other than English as their primary language.

The median family income is $36,966, above the citywide average of $32,058. 16% of households live in poverty and 7% of households receive some form of public assistance.

Government
All of Charles is in Ward 4, which is represented in the Providence City Council by Nicholas J. Narducci, Jr, a Democrat.

Parks
The Charles neighborhood includes four green spaces:

Ascham Field - a  athletic filed.
Hopkins Square - a  plaza at the corner of Branch Avenue and Charles Street. The square includes a statue of Esek Hopkins.
Prete-Metcalf Field - an  area of athletic fields and walking trails
St Ann's Plaza - a small plaza at the corner of Branch Avenue and Hawkins Street.

There is also a preserve, the Canada Pond Management area, in the northwest corner of Charles. The preserve extends into North Providence, Rhode Island.

References

Provplan.org Neighborhood Profiles
Neighborhood Profiles at providenceri.com
Alternative Neighborhood Names from Neighborhood Profiles at providenceri.com

Category:Neighborhoods in Providence, Rhode Island
Category:Italian-American culture in Providence, Rhode Island


Joel Almeida (basketball)

Joel Freitas Almeida (born October 11, 1985) is a Cape Verdean and Portuguese basketball player who plays for Xuven Cambados, a Galician club that was in the Spanish Third Division as of the 2015/16 season.

University career
Joel Almeida went to the northeastern United States, where he attended Mohawk Valley Community College between 2006 and 2008 in Utica, New York and played for the NJCAA's Division III, in 2008, he played with Brockport State for one season, a college located west of Rochester which took part in the NCAA's Division III.

In his first season, he played with the Mountain Valley Conference and was the second best all-regional team.  He was MVP for the team and the Athlete of the Week in February 2007.  In his second season, he was elected the All-American 2007 in the preseason of the best team in the Mountain Valley Conference for the second time.  He was the Athlete of the Week for the second time in December 2007 with 50 major games played in NJCAA's Division III.

With Brockport State Golden Eagles, he played 14 games and scored an average of 14.7 points and 6.1 rebounds.  The team was champion of the SUNYAC Conference with the Golden Eagles.

Professional career
He came back to his native country in 2009 and played for two seasons with Seven Stars who went to the National Basketball Championships, there he was the Best Player of the Year.  In-between, he played for Vagos Norbain Lusavouga for the Portuguese Basketball League where he played 23 games and his points average was 8.2 and rebound average was 3.4, his average playing time was 20.8.  He was the Best National Players of Week 19 of the LPB (11 points, 9 rebounds, 2 assists in 22 minutes).

He returned to Portugal to play with Sampaense Basket for a season in 2010, he played 18 games, scored an average of 8.9 points (36.7% triple-pointer) and 1.9 rebounds and 16.5 minutes of playing.  He was the Top 5 player of the most number of triple pointers.  He was the Best Player of Week 13 (33 points, 7 rebounds, 1 assists and 1 steal in 35 minutes).  His third return to play in his native country was om 2012 with ADESBA and the club was finalist in the national division.

Almeida later played for Atlético Sport Aviation in Luanda for the Angolan Division I Championships and was one of the first Cape Verdeans to play.  Almeida scored 373 points (of which 38.4% were triple-pointers).  For his fourth time, he played in his native country and second time with ADESBA.

In March 2013, he played for a Portuguese team again and with Vitória S.C./M.Couto Guimarães late in the season, he made the team won the Portuguese Basketball Cup.  He played 10 games with the Guimarães's team with an average of 3.7 points and 2.3 rebounds in 11.7 minutes.

Almeida made his second appearance in Sampaense Basket for the 2013-14 season.  He played 22 matches with the Coimbra's team with an average of 16.9 points (52% doubles and 34.8% triples), 4.4 rebounds, 1.1 assists, 1.8 steals and 28.5 minutes of play time.  In the number of games played for Sampaense, he was the top ten players of the season.

Almeida played in Cyprus in September 14 and the team ForexTime Apollon Limassol in the country's First Division, a month later, he left.  During his career in Cyprus, the team was the finalist in the Cypriot Super Cup.

On January 16, 2015, Almeida moved to play with Xuven Cambados in LEB Plata's Third Division in Spain.  He played 15 games with the Galician club and had an average of 11 points (49.2% double points, 34.2% triple pointers), 2.6 rebounds, a steal and 21 minutes of play time.  In August 2015, his contract was renewed for another season, he was the best player of the week for the team in weeks 1, 3, 14 and 16.

Honours
 Vitória S.C./M.Couto Guimarães
Portuguese Basketball Cup: 2012–13

External links
RealGM Profile
Draft profile of Joel Almeida
 Eurobasket profile with Xuven Cambados

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cape Verdean men's basketball players
Category:People from São Vicente, Cape Verde
Category:Portuguese people of Cape Verdean descent
Category:Portuguese men's basketball players
Category:Cape Verdean expatriates in Portugal
Category:Brockport Golden Eagles men's basketball players
Category:Shooting guards
Category:Small forwards