Ras Atiya

Ras Atiya (; ) is a Palestinian town in the Qalqilya Governorate in the western area of the West Bank, located 27 km south of Tulkarm and 11 km south of Qalqiliya. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of approximately 1,599 inhabitants in 2006.

Location
Ras ‘Atiya (including Ras at Tira and Wadi ar Rasha) is located 4-5 km south of Qalqiliya. It is bordered by ‘Izbat al Ashqar to the east,  Ad Dab’a to the east and south, ‘Izbat Jalud and Al Mudawwar to the south, Habla to the west, and An Nabi Elyas and ‘Arab Abu Farda to the north.

History
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine found at Kh. Ras et Tireh: "walls and cisterns."

Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, the area came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population was  224.

Post-1967
After the Six-Day War in 1967,  the area  has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 32.2 % of Ras 'Atiya land is defined as Area B, while the remainder 67.8 % is Area C.  Under the same accord, 5% of Ras al-Tira  land is defined as Area B, while the remainder 95 % is Area C, while  100% of Wadi ar Rasha land is Area C,

Israel has confiscated 51 dunams of land from Ras at Tira  in order to construct the Israeli settlement of Alfei Menashe.

References

Bibliography

External links
 Welcome To Khirbat Ras Atiya
 Welcome To Kh. Ras al-Tira
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14:    IAA,  Wikimedia commons
Ras 'Atiya (including Ras at Tira & Wadi ar Rasha Localities) (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, ARIJ
Ras ‘Atiya Village Profile (including Ras at Tira & Wadi ar Rasha Localities), ARIJ
Ras ‘Atiya, aerial photo, ARIJ
Development Priorities and Needs in Ras ‘ATiya (including Ras at Tira & Wadi ar Rasha Localities), ARIJ

Category:Qalqilya Governorate
Category:Villages in the West Bank
Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine


Bonniebrook Homestead

Bonniebrook Homestead is a historic homestead site located near Walnut Shade, Taney County, Missouri.  It was a pioneer homestead of the O'Neills, the first family to enter the land from the public domain as a Homestead property. It was the Ozark home of Rose O'Neill (1874-1944), inventor of the kewpie doll.  She is buried on the site in the O'Neill family cemetery.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

References

External links
Bonniebrook Gallery, Museum, and Homestead

Category:Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
Category:Buildings and structures in Taney County, Missouri
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Taney County, Missouri


German Type IXB submarine

The German Type IXB submarine was a sub-class of the German Type IX submarine built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine between 1938 and 1940. The U-boats themselves were designed to be fairly large ocean-going submarines. The inspiration for the Type IXB submarine came from the earlier original Type IX submarine, the Type IXA submarine. The design of the IXA was developed to give an increased range, a change which resulted in a slightly heavier overall tonnage. This design was improved even further in the later Type IXC submarines.

The class comprised 14 submarines, , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The Type IXB submarines were the most successful class of submarine in the war in terms of the total amount to tonnage sunk, with each U-boat sinking an average of over  during its career.

Design and construction

Construction
All Type IXB submarines were ordered by the Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine between 16 July 1937 and 8 August 1939 as part of Plan Z and the overall German plan of re-armament in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. The design of the IXB submarines came from the initial Type IX submarines, the Type IXA. All contracts for the construction of the submarines were awarded to DeSchiMAG AG Weser, Bremen. The first U-boat to be laid down in the Bremen ship yards was U-65, whose keel was laid down on 6 December 1938. The last U-boat to be laid down was U-111, whose construction began on 20 February 1940. By the end of 1940, all Type IXB submarines had been fully constructed and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine.

Design
All Type IXB submarines had  while submerged and  when surfaced. As a result, they could travel at  while surfaced and  submerged. The Type IXB submarines had a range of  at  while on the surface and  at  while submerged. They had 6 torpedo tubes (4 in the bow, 2 in the stern) and carried a total of 22  torpedoes. Unlike the earlier Type IXAs, the Type IXB submarines were equipped with 44 TMA mines as well. The Type IXB submarines were equipped with a 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun with 180 rounds on a Utof mount. The last piece of armament that the Type IXB submarines were equipped with were the standard  anti-aircraft guns. All Type IXB submarines could hold up to 56 crew members at any given time though that number was usually around 45–48 crew members. After being commissioned and deployed, all of the Type IXB submarines built prior to the fall of France were stationed in the German port city of Wilhelmshaven while those who were commissioned following the capture of numerous French ports during the Battle of France were stationed in Lorient.

List of Type IXB U-boats
The Type IXB class had 14 U-boats, all of which were built by AG Weser of Bremen:

See also
German Type IX submarine
German Type IXA submarine

References

Bibliography

Category:Submarine classes
Category:World War II submarines of Germany


Jeannette Island

Jeannette Island (; ) is the easternmost island of the De Long Islands archipelago in the East Siberian Sea. Administratively it belongs to Yakutia of the Russian Federation.

Geography
Jeannette is the second smallest island of the De Long group, being only  in length. It has an area of approximately . The island surface is mainly covered by a central ice cap and firn. The highest peak of the island is in the middle of the ice cap, reaching a height of .

Geology
Jeannette Island consists of folded Paleozoic graywackes overlain by Cenozoic conglomerates. The graywacke is coarse-grained and contains local lenses of conglomerate. An unconformity separates the Cenozoic conglomerate from the underlying graywacke. The Cenozoic conglomerate contains well-rounded pebbles, cobbles, and boulders of quartz sandstone, quartzite, diorite, andesite-basalts, and altered granite.

History
It was discovered in 1881 by the Jeannette Expedition, commanded by Lieutenant Commander George W. De Long. The expedition set out in 1879 aboard the , hoping to reach Wrangel Island and to discover open seas in the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole.

However, the ship entered an ice pack near Herald Island in September 1879 and became trapped. The vessel drifted several hundred miles with the ice, passing north of Wrangel Island. In May 1881 it approached Jeannette Island and Henrietta Island.

According to The Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy, for the Year 1882, "A sled party landed, hoisted the national ensign, and took possession in the name of the United States. The excursion, led by George W. Melville, landed on June 2 or 3, constructed a cairn, and placed inside it a record of their visit.

During the Imperial Russian Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition of 1910–1915 led by Boris Vilkitsky, the Vaygach approached Jeannette Island with the intention of mapping Jeannette and Henrietta Islands, but heavy ice blocked the approach. In 1916 the Russian ambassador in London issued an official notice to the effect that the Imperial government considered Henrietta, along with other Arctic islands, integral parts of the Russian Empire. This territorial claim was later maintained by the Soviet Union.

Some U.S. individuals assert American ownership of Jeannette Island, and others of the De Long group, based on the 1881 discovery. However, the United States government has not pursued De Long's claim to Jeannette Island, and recognizes it as Russian territory.

References

External links
 Anisimov, M.A., and V.E. Tumskoy, 2002, Environmental History of the Novosibirskie Islands for the last 12 ka. 32nd International Arctic Workshop, Program and Abstracts 2002. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, pp 23–25.
 Headland, R. K.,1994, OSTROVA DE-LONGA ('De Long Islands'), Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
 Naval Historical Center, 2003, Jeannette Arctic Expedition, 1879-1881 — Overview and Selected Images. Last visited May 26, 2008.
 Schirrmeister, L., H.-W. Hubberten, V. Rachold, and V.G. Grosse, 2005, Lost world - Late Quaternary environment of periglacial Arctic shelves and coastal lowlands in NE-Siberia.  2nd International Alfred Wegener Symposium Bremerhaven, October, 30 - November 2, 2005.
 The Mysterious Disappearance of Jeannette Island (on Google Maps)

Category:De Long Islands
Category:Islands of the East Siberian Sea
Category:Islands of the Sakha Republic


Ciro Ferrara

Ciro Ferrara (; born 11 February 1967) is an Italian former footballer and manager. His most recent position was as manager of Wuhan Zall. He had also previously coached Juventus and the Italy national under-21 team. As an assistant coach to Marcello Lippi, he won the 2006 FIFA World Cup with Italy senior team.

Ferrara spent his playing career as a defender, initially at Napoli and later on at Juventus, winning seven total Serie A titles as well as other domestic and international trophies. At international level, he represented Italy at the 1988 Summer Olympics, at two UEFA European Championships, in 1988 and 2000, and at the 1990 World Cup.

Club career

Napoli

A native of Naples, Ferrara began his career with the youth system of hometown club Napoli in 1980. He graduated the primavera youth squad in 1984, and began to earn first team call-ups that season. He made 14 total appearances with the club in his first full season. The following season, Ferrara became a part of the starting XI, and he soon began earning call-ups to the Italy national team, making the squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He also scored one of Napoli's goals as they won the 1989 UEFA Cup final. In addition to the UEFA Cup, with Napoli he won two Serie A titles (in 1986–87 and 1989–90), the 1987 Coppa Italia final, and the 1990 Supercoppa Italiana, the latter over his future team, Juventus.

Juventus
In the summer of 1994, Ferrara transferred to Turin-based club Juventus under coach Marcello Lippi, and was quickly introduced into the starting XI, making over 40 total appearances for the club in all competitions in his first season, scoring one goal. He is considered one of the best central defenders of his generation, not relinquishing his starting position for the club for the next ten years. He also captained the team from 1995 to 1996 and became one of the most experienced and decorated players of the past two decades, winning eight Serie A championships, six of which were with Juventus, and two with Napoli. Ferrara was also part of two Coppa Italia titles (one with each team), three Supercoppa Italiana titles (two with Juventus, one with Napoli) and several European competitions, including the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, Intercontinental Cup and European Super Cup). His role as captain, however, was taken over by Alessandro Del Piero in 1996.

Throughout his Juventus career, Ferrara played an important role in the club's backline, with his vast experienced and dominating defensive style. Throughout his 12-year tenure with the club, Ferrara formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Mark Iuliano, Moreno Torricelli, Paolo Montero, Gianluca Pessotto, Lilian Thuram, Alessandro Birindelli, Igor Tudor, Gianluca Zambrotta, Nicola Legrottaglie and Fabio Cannavaro. Juventus had what was considered as the best defence in the world at this time, and teams strongly regretted ever going down a goal to the club, as they knew how hard it would be to score one back for themselves. In the 1996–97 season, one of his peak seasons, he scored 4 goals in 32 Serie A matches, while also being capped eight times internationally.Following the Scudetto-winning season, Ferrara, along with veteran defensive teammates Mark Iuliano and Paolo Montero, ended their Juventus careers. While Montero returned to Uruguay and Iuliano opted to join smaller clubs to conclude his career, Ferrara retired from football altogether in May 2005 at age 38. He made just four Serie A appearances in his final season with the club. Following Juventus' involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal, "Calciopoli", Juventus' 2004–05 title was later revoked.

International career
For Italy, Ferrara was capped 49 times and played 1 match each at the 1990 FIFA World Cup on home soil (where Italy finished in third place after a semi-final penalty shootout defeat to Argentina) and at UEFA Euro 2000 (where Italy reached the final, losing to France on a golden goal). Ferrara took part at Euro 1988, where Italy reached the semi-finals, although he did not appear during the tournament. The same year, he was a member of the Italy team that finished in fourth place at the 1988 Summer Olympics after reaching the semi-final.

Style of play
An elegant yet powerful and aggressive defender, Ferrara was known throughout his career for his composure, anticipation, technical skills, ball-playing ability, versatility, and class, which enabled him to play anywhere along the back-line, both in the centre, as a man-marker ("stopper"), or as a full-back, usually on the right flank, and allowed him to adapt to various formations and systems. A world-class defender, who is regarded as one of the best Italian centre-backs of his generation, Welsh former winger Ryan Giggs described Ferrara and his defensive teammate at Juventus Paolo Montero as "...the toughest defenders [he] played against", also adding that they were often very hard in their challenges, while Polish former midfielder Zbigniew Boniek has stated that Ferrara was the best defender he ever faced. A precocious talent in his youth, Ferrara later established himself as one of the best centre-backs in the world in his prime. He was considered to be a complete, experienced, consistent, cautious and successful defender, with a good positional sense, who was quick, athletic, strong in the air, a good tackler, and who excelled at reading the game and marking his opponents; these skills enabled him to be effective in both a man-marking and a zonal marking defensive system. In addition to his defensive skills, he was also known for his offensive contribution as a centre-back, and was also capable of playing as a sweeper. In spite of his tenacious playing style, he was also known to be a fair and correct player. In addition to his ability as a defender, he was also known for his professionalism, leadership, strong personality, and his commanding presence both on the pitch and in the dressing room.

Coaching career
Ferrara was part of the Italian technical staff for the 2006 World Cup. After winning the World Cup, he became part of Juventus' staff, joining former club and national teammate Gianluca Pessotto, with Ferrara being named youth system chief (responsabile settore giovanile), dealing mostly with organisational aspects of the Juve academy. In July 2008, Ferrara took the UEFA Pro License coaching badges following training at Coverciano, Florence. After Juventus fired Claudio Ranieri following a string of seven league games without a win in the 2008–09 season, Ferrara was named interim head coach of Juventus on 18 May 2009 for the remaining two weeks of the season, with the goal of maintaining second place in the league table, and the possibility of being appointed on a full-time basis for a longer period. In his two games as caretaker manager, he led Juventus to 3–0 and 2–0 wins over Siena and Lazio respectively, thus ensuring a second-place finish over rivals Milan. Following these results, he emerged as a strong candidate for to take the job permanently for the next season. On 5 June 2009, Juventus formally announced his appointment as manager for 2009–10 season.

During the summer, the team was then strengthened with high-profile signings such as Brazilian internationals Diego and Felipe Melo; 2006 World Cup champions Fabio Cannavaro and Fabio Grosso in defence; and young Uruguayan international Martín Cáceres, on loan. After winning his first four league matches, Ferrara's fortunes changed after Juve failed to make the knockout stage of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League following a 4–1 defeat by Bayern Munich at home in a match where a draw would have awarded Juve the qualification to the following phase, despite a promising start to the campaign. Despite a win over Derby d'Italia rivals Internazionale, Juve embarked on a losing streak over the winter, notably against minor teams such as Sicilian side Catania and recently promoted Bari. He came under intense scrutiny from the media and there was much speculation about who would succeed him as manager, especially after he was absent at the traditional meeting of all Serie A managers, coaches and referees in Rome during mid-season and was instead represented by then-Juventus director of sport Alessio Secco and 23-year-old midfielder Claudio Marchisio at the press conference.

Six days later, Juventus were knocked out of the Coppa Italia by Inter 2–1 at the San Siro, leading the board of directors to ultimately sack Ferrara after weeks of speculation regarding his position, replacing him with Alberto Zaccheroni until the end of the season.

On 22 October 2010, Ferrara was announced as new head coach of the Italy under-21 team, with former teammate Angelo Peruzzi his assistant. Under Ferrara, the Azzurrini remain unbeaten in the 2013 UEFA European U21 Championship qualifiers as of June 2012. On 2 July 2012, he left the country's U-21 side to coach newly promoted Serie A side Sampdoria for the 2012–13 season. However, he was sacked on 17 December 2012.

Personal life
With his fellow Neapolitan friend and former defensive teammate Fabio Cannavaro, Ferrara has helped establish a charity foundation, Fondazione Cannavaro Ferrara, specialising in the procurement of cancer research equipment and surgery for special cases of cancer for a hospital in their native Naples. The foundation also aims to help at risk youth in Naples.

Career statistics

Club

International

Coach

Honours

Player

Club
Napoli
 Serie A: 1986–87, 1989–90
 Coppa Italia: 1986–87
 Supercoppa Italiana: 1990
 UEFA Cup: 1988–89

Juventus
 Serie A: 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03
 Coppa Italia: 1994–95
 Supercoppa Italiana: 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003
 UEFA Champions League: 1995–96
 UEFA Super Cup: 1996
 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999
 Intercontinental Cup: 1996

International
Italy
FIFA World Cup third place: 1990
UEFA European Championship runner-up: 2000

Individual
ESM Team of the Year: 1996–97
Pallone d'Argento: 2003
FIFA XI (Reserve): 2000
Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare "Gaetano Scirea": 2003

Orders
 5th Class/Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 1991
 4th Class/Officer: Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2000

Assistant coach

International
Italy
 FIFA World Cup: 2006

Notes

References

External links

 Profile on Italian FA website

Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Naples
Category:Association football central defenders
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Italy international footballers
Category:Italy under-21 international footballers
Category:Olympic footballers of Italy
Category:Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Juventus F.C. players
Category:S.S.C. Napoli players
Category:Serie A players
Category:UEFA Euro 1988 players
Category:1990 FIFA World Cup players
Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players
Category:Italian football managers
Category:Juventus F.C. managers
Category:U.C. Sampdoria managers
Category:Serie A managers
Category:Expatriate football managers in China
Category:UEFA Champions League winning players
Category:UEFA Cup winning players
Category:Wuhan Zall F.C. managers


Popcorn (music style)

Popcorn (sometimes Belgian popcorn or oldies popcorn) is a style of music and dancing first established in Belgium in the 1970s and 1980s.  The style includes a wide variety of mostly American and British recordings of R&B and pop music made between the late 1950s and mid 1960s, often relatively obscure, and characterised by a slow or medium, rather than fast, tempo. The style has been described by musician and writer Bob Stanley as "possibly the last truly underground music scene in Europe".

Origins
The Popcorn music scene first developed from dances held at the Groove discotheque in Ostend, where mid-tempo soul and ska music played by DJ Freddy Cousaert became popular in the late 1960s.  Cousaert was later responsible for Marvin Gaye's move to Belgium in the early 1980s.

In September 1969, a café, De Oude Hoeve, opened in a converted farm barn at Vrasene near Antwerp, and began holding dance competitions on Sunday afternoons. Soon up to 3,000 people began attending each week, dancing in a "slow swing" style to soul and funk records.  The café was renamed the Popcorn - after the James Brown hit "The Popcorn"—and DJ Gilbert Govaert began playing more early soul and other records from the 1960s to suit the dance style. According to Stanley: "The beat was slow and slightly rickety, martial drums rolled under melancholy minor chords—the Marvelettes' 'Please Mr Postman' (1961) would have been typical."

Following the Popcorn club's popularity, other clubs sprang up playing music in a similar style.  These included the Festival in Antwerp, the Gatsby in Vliermaal, and the Versailles, beside the beach at Ostend.  As well as Cousaert and Govaert, other leading DJs included Jeff Callebaut, Gerry Franken and Georges Toniotti.  Radio stations were set up to play the music, and rare music on obscure labels became especially prized.  The scene in Belgium in many ways paralleled the Northern soul scene in Britain, but with a slower swing style of music favoured, rather than the fast dance styles characteristic of Northern soul.  In some cases, DJs slowed down records, by pitch control and by playing 45 rpm discs at 33 rpm, to achieve the desired tempo and rhythm.  The range of the music also broadened, to include some British and Italian pop music from the early 1960s, and eventually local bands were formed to emulate the style.

Examples
According to Bob Stanley, "the purity of Belgian Popcorn is its very impurity. R&B, Broadway numbers, tangos, Phil Spector-esque girl groups and loungey instrumentals, they are all constituent parts of a rare, and still largely undiscovered scene".  Examples of highly prized popcorn records include "Sweetheart" by Peggy Lee, "Image" by Hank Levine, "Now I Lay Me Down to Weep" by Simone Dina, "The Tingle" by Jackie Weaver, "Who's Got the Action" by Phil Colbert, "Heartless Lover" by Dick Baker, "La Tanya" by Jay Abbott, "Carmelita" by Jeff Lane, "I'm Crying in the Rain" by Major Lance, "You Beat Me to the Punch" by Mary Wells, "Comin' Home Baby" by Mel Tormé, and "Twine Time" by Alvin Cash.

Continuing popularity
After a period of mainstream popularity in Belgium, and to a lesser extent in France and the Netherlands, the Popcorn dance scene retreated to smaller venues and specialist clubs, while retaining a core of aficionados.  By the 1990s, the style was beginning to be known and appreciated at soul music clubs in Britain, Germany, and the US, and its level of recognition has continued to increase.  At least 30 compilations of American and other R&B and pop music in the Belgian Popcorn style have been issued in Europe.

References

External links
  Belgian Popcorn: short documentary
  Popcorn Oldies site
  Popcorn City radio station

Category:Musical subcultures
Category:Belgian culture
Category:Pop music genres


Clark Kimberling

Clark Kimberling (born November 7, 1942 in Hinsdale, Illinois) is a mathematician, musician, and composer. He has been a mathematics professor since 1970 at the University of Evansville. His research interests include triangle centers, integer sequences, and hymnology.

Kimberling received his PhD in mathematics in 1970 from the Illinois Institute of Technology, under the supervision of Abe Sklar. Since at least 1994, he has maintained a list of triangle centers and their properties. In its current on-line form, the Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, this list comprises tens of thousands of entries.

Kimberling's golden triangle

Robert C. Schoen has defined "golden triangle" as a triangle with two of its sides in the golden ratio. Kimberling has proposed that Schoen's definition of golden triangle be extended to include triangles which have angles that are in the golden ratio. Kimberling has described a "doubly golden triangle" which has two sides that are in golden ratio and which also has two angles that are in golden ratio.

References

External links
 Kimberling's home page at UE
 Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers

Category:Living people
Category:1942 births
Category:20th-century American mathematicians
Category:21st-century American mathematicians
Category:Geometers
Category:Hymnologists
Category:Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Category:Number theorists
Category:Musicians from Evansville, Indiana
Category:People from Hinsdale, Illinois
Category:American recorder players
Category:University of Evansville faculty
Category:Mathematicians from Illinois


Eastern meadowlark

The eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) is a medium-sized icterid bird, very similar in appearance to the western meadowlark. It occurs from eastern North America to South America, where it is also most widespread in the east.

Description
The adult eastern meadowlark measures from  in length and spans  across the wings. Body mass ranges from . The extended wing bone measures , the tail measures , the culmen measures  and the tarsus measures . Females are smaller in all physical dimensions. Adults have yellow underparts with a black "V" on the breast and white flanks with black streaks. The upperparts are mainly brown with black streaks. They have a long pointed bill; the head is striped with light brown and black.

The song of this bird is of pure, melancholy whistles, and thus simpler than the jumbled and flutey song of the western meadowlark; their ranges overlap across central North America. In the field, the song is often the easiest way to tell the two species apart, though plumage differences do exist, like tail pattern and malar coloration.

The pale Lilian's meadowlark of northern Mexico and the southwestern US is sometimes split off as a separate species.

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Linnaeus in his 1758 Systema naturae as Alauda magna. The type locality is mistakenly given as "America, Africa".

Linnaeus' error is explained by two facts: first, he did not distinguish between the eastern and western meadowlarks. The peculiar belief that this bird also occurred in Africa is due to confusion of the yellow-breasted meadowlarks with certain longclaws (Macronyx), quite unrelated African songbirds. Specifically the Cape longclaw (M. capensis) and the yellow-throated longclaw (M. croceus) share similar habitat and habits, explaining the long hind toe; their plumage pattern however is all but identical, a striking example of convergent evolution. As this exact pattern provides no obvious adaptive benefit compared to that of other meadowlarks and longclaws, it seems to have arisen twice by sheer chance.

Linnaeus recognized his error less than a decade later, separating the longclaws from their meadowlark look-alikes.

The scientific name Sturnella magna is Latin for, rather confusingly, "large little starling", the generic name having been given due to the meadowlarks' behavior being similar to starlings.

Ecology
Their breeding habitat is grasslands and prairie, also pastures and hay fields. This species is a permanent resident throughout much of its range, though most northern birds migrate southwards in winter.
In 1993 this species was first recorded in El Salvador, and the discovery of a breeding pair in 2004 confirmed that the species is a resident there.

These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, sometimes probing with the bill. They mainly eat arthropods, but also seeds and berries. In winter, they often feed in flocks.

Nesting occurs throughout the summer months. The nest is also on the ground, covered with a roof woven from grasses. There may be more than one nesting female in a male's territory.

The numbers of this species increased as forests were cleared in eastern North America. This species is ideally suited to farmland areas, especially where tall grasses are allowed to grow. Their numbers are now shrinking with a decline in suitable habitat. On the other hand, its range is expanding in parts of Central America toward the Pacific (western) side of the continent, in agricultural-type areas.

Conservation efforts
Eastern meadowlarks are species at risk in Nova Scotia and the subject of agricultural conservation program seeking to reduce mortality through modified practices. Allowing marginal areas of fields on farms to seed with grass can provide nesting habitat for meadowlarks and all grassland birds. Delaying hay harvest can also improve survival, giving young meadowlarks a chance of fledging

Gallery

References

External links

 Eastern meadowlark Bird Sound at Florida Museum of Natural History

eastern meadowlark
Category:Native birds of Eastern Canada
Category:Native birds of the Eastern United States
Category:Native birds of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
Category:Native birds of the Southwestern United States
Category:Birds of the U.S. Rio Grande Valleys
Category:Birds of Central America
Category:Birds of Cuba
Category:Birds of Colombia
Category:Birds of Venezuela
Category:Birds of the Guianas
eastern meadowlark
Category:Birds of the Amazon Basin
Category:Birds of Brazil


Relentless (Jason Aldean album)

Relentless is the second studio album by American country music artist Jason Aldean. It was released on May 29, 2007 via Broken Bow Records. The album debuted at number 4 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums chart, selling about 98,000 copies in its first week. On October 4 of the same year, the album was certified gold by the RIAA. It was certified platinum in September 2012.

Relentless has produced three chart singles for Aldean on the Hot Country Songs charts. The lead-off single "Johnny Cash" (originally recorded by Tracy Byrd on his 2004 album Greatest Hits) and "Laughed Until We Cried" both reached No. 6 on that chart, and the title track reached No. 15 in late 2008.

Critical reception
Ken Tucker of Billboard gave a positive review, saying that "every cut features full, guitar-driven production". He considered "Johnny Cash", "Back in This Cigarette" and "I Break Everything I Touch" standout tracks.

Track listing

Chart performance

Album

Singles

Certifications

Personnel

Jason Aldean – lead vocals
Kurt Allison – electric guitar
Tony Harrell – piano, Hammond B-3 organ, Wurlitzer
Wes Hightower – background vocals
Mike Johnson – steel guitar
Tully Kennedy – bass guitar
Steve King – Hammond B-3 organ on "Johnny Cash"
Miranda Lambert – vocals on "Grown Woman"
Liana Manis – background vocals
Wendell Mobley – background vocals
Mike Noble – acoustic guitar
Danny Rader – acoustic guitar
Rich Redmond – drums, percussion
Adam Shoenfeld – electric guitar
Jack Sizemore – electric guitar on "Johnny Cash"

References

External links
[ Relentless at allmusic.com]

Category:2007 albums
Category:Jason Aldean albums
Category:Broken Bow Records albums
Category:Albums produced by Michael Knox (record producer)


1892 Chicago Maroons football team

The 1892 Chicago Maroons football team represented the University of Chicago during the 1892 college football season. The University of Chicago opened its doors for its first semester on October 1, 1892, and the football team, led by Amos Alonzo Stagg as both player and coach, played its first game one week later on October 8, 1892.  In its first year of intercollegiate football, the Chicago team compiled an 8–4–1 record. The 1892 season included four victories over local high school teams, two victories over a local YMCA team, and seven intercollegiate games. In intercollegiate play, the team compiled a 2–4–1 record.

Schedule

Season summary

Pre-season

By April 1892, Amos Alonzo Stagg, a 30-year-old who had graduated from Yale University in 1888, had been hired to serve as an instructor and the head of the department of physical culture at the University of Chicago upon its opening in October 1892.

On October 1, 1892, the University of Chicago opened its doors for its first semester. At 2:30 p.m. that day, at the university chapel, Prof. Stagg from the department of physical culture called to order a meeting of 600 incoming students for the purpose of adopting a "college yell". After an hour of experimenting with yells, Stagg selected a number of students to form the university's first football team.  Stagg took the chosen students to Washington Park for preliminary football practice.  Stagg later recalled that he began with "about a dozen" inexperienced players.  Because of the lack of student participation during the 1892 season, Stagg decided to participate as a player.  He later recalled: "I had to do one-half the playing. Our boys are so very green."

Game 1: Hyde Park High School
On Saturday, October 8, 1892, Chicago played its first football game, defeating the team from Hyde Park High School by a 14–0 score at Washington Park. The lineup for Chicago consisted of Rapp, Stagg, Dyas, Hanson, Chase, Wyant, Smith, Loeb, Olson, Knapp, and Lamay.

Game 2: Englewood High School
On Monday, October 10, 1892, Chicago played its second football game, defeating the team from Englewood High School by a 12–8 score.  Nearly 1,000 spectators watch the game at Washington Park.  In its account of the game, the Chicago Daily Tribune credited Knapp (a former Wisconsin football player), Wyant, Olson, Chase and Stagg for their "splendid work".

Game 7: Northwestern
On October 22, 1892, Chicago played its first intercollegiate football game, playing a scoreless tie with Northwestern.  The game was played starting at 3:30 p.m. before 300 students at the South Side Ball Park.  In the second half, Stagg had a long run for a touchdown, but the referee ruled that "the ball had not touched the third man," and the touchdown did not count.  Chicago's lineup in the game was Rulkoetter (center), Smith (left guard), Knapp (right guard), Brenneman (left tackle), Wyant (right tackle), Allen (left end), Chase (right end), Raycrof (quarterback), McGillorey (left halfback), Stagg (right halfback), and Rapp (fullback).

Game 8: at Northwestern
On November 2, 1892, Chicago sustained its first loss, falling to Northwestern by a 6 to 4 score in a game played at Evanston, Illinois.  The game began at 3:50 p.m. and was played in the rain. In the first half, Kennicott scored a touchdown on a long run and then kicked for the goal after touchdown to give Northwestern a 6 to 0 lead.  In the second half, Chicago scored a touchdown, but Stagg's kick for the goal after touchdown was wide to the left.

Game 9: Lake Forest
On November 5, 1892, Chicago secured its first victory in an intercollegiate football game, defeating the team from Lake Forest College by an 18–16 score.  The game began at 3:30 p.m. and was played at the South Side grounds.  The Chicago Daily Tribune reported that Chicago's captain, Stagg, "played a game of strategy like the wizard he is." Chicago's second touchdown was scored on a trick play.  The ball was passed to Stagg who ran to the left and then passed to a teammate running in the opposite direction who ran through a clear field for a touchdown.  The Chicago Daily Tribune called it "one of those surprising plays that causes the onlooker to wonder why it was not done oftener."

Game 10: vs. Michigan
On November 13, 1892, Chicago played Michigan in the first chapter of what became the Chicago–Michigan football rivalry. The game was played on a wet and muddy field in front of a crowd estimated by various accounts at between 700 and 1,500 spectators at Toledo's Olympic Park. For Stagg, the game presented an opportunity to play the best football team in the West, and for the University of Chicago's president William Rainey Harper, it was "an opportunity to advertise the university in northern Ohio."  Michigan won the inaugural match by a score of 18 to 10.  Amos Alonzo Stagg was both the coach and starting right halfback for the 1892 Chicago Maroons. Chicago's full starting lineup was Conover (left end), Brenneman (left tackle), Smith (left guard), Rulkoelter (center), Knapp (right guard), Allen (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), McGillivray (left halfback), Stagg (right halfback), Rapp (fullback).

Game 11: Illinois
On Wednesday, November 16, 1892, Chicago defeated Illinois by a 10–4 score in Chicago. Each team scored a touchdown but missed the goal after touchdown, and the first half ended in a 4–4 tie.  In the second half, Stagg ran around the left end for a touchdown and kicked the goal after touchdown to give Chicago its 10–4 advantage.  Illinois protested the legitimacy of Chicago's second touchdown and contended the game had rightfully ended in a tie. Chicago's lineup was Allen (left end), Brunerman (left tackle), Knapp (left guard), Rulkoetter (center), Smith (right guard), Wyant (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), McGillivray (left halfback), Stagg (right halfback), and Rapp (fullback).

Game 12: at Purdue
On November 19, 1892, Chicago lost to Purdue by a 38–0 in a game played on Stuart Fieldl in West Lafayette, Indiana. Left tackle Finney scored five touchdowns for Purdue.  Chicago's starting lineup against Purdue was Conover (left end), Brenman (left tackle), Knapp (left guard), Ruelkoepper (center), Smith (right guard), Allen (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), Stagg (right halfback), McGillivray (left halfback), and Rapp (fullback).

Game 13: at Illinois
On November 24, 1892, Chicago played in its first Thanksgiving Day game, losing to Illinois by a 28–12 score in Champaign, Illinois.  Stagg was unable to play in the game due to injury. Chicago's lineup against Illinois was O'Conner (left end), Breman (left tackle), Smith (left guard), Pullkaetter (center), Knapp (right guard), Wyant (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), McGillivrey (halfback), Allen (halfback), Rapp (fullback).

Players

 Charles William Allen - right tackle, left end, halfback
 Richard E. Brendeman - left tackle
 Henry Thurston Chase - right end
 W. B. Conover - left end
 John V. Fradenburg
 Henry Gordon Gale
 George Knapp - right guard
 John Lemay
 Clifford B. McGillivray - left halfback
 William John Rapp - fullback
 Joseph Raycroft - quarterback
 W. Ruhlkoetter - center
 William Rufus Smith - guard
 Amos Alonzo Stagg - right halfback (College Football Hall of Fame)
 Andy Wyant - right tackle; a football player at Bucknell before playing for Stagg at Chicago (College Football Hall of Fame)

References

Chicago
Category:Chicago Maroons football seasons
Chicago Football


Art Kirkendoll

Arthur "Art" E. Kirkendoll (born November 3, 1951) is an American politician and former Democratic member of the West Virginia Senate. He represented District 7 from November 14, 2011, when West Virginia Governor Earl Ray Tomblin appointed him to fill the vacancy caused by Tomblin's resignation from the seat in order to assume the position of governor, until January 7, 2017. He was defeated for reelection in the 2016 primary election by Richard Ojeda.

Education
Kirkendoll attended Marshall University.

Elections
2012 Kirkendoll was challenged by former state Delegate Sammy Dalton in the District 8 May 8, 2012 Democratic Primary, winning with 11,529 votes (64.2%), and was unopposed for the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 25,955 votes.

References

External links
Official page at the West Virginia Legislature

Art Kirkendoll at Ballotpedia
Art Kirkendoll at the National Institute on Money in State Politics

Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:Marshall University alumni
Category:People from Logan, West Virginia
Category:West Virginia Democrats
Category:West Virginia state senators
Category:21st-century American politicians


Ben Sakoguchi

Ben Sakoguchi (born 1938) is a Japanese-American artist who was born in San Bernardino, California.  At age five, his family was interned at the Poston War Relocation Center in Arizona.

Education
In 1960, Sakoguchi earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1964, Sakoguchi earned a Master of Fine Arts degree from University of California, Los Angeles.

Career
Sakoguchi was an art instructor at Pasadena City College from 1964 until his retirement in 1997.

Sakoguchi is best known for his small paintings that were created in series, often with socially relevant themes, such as slavery and the internment of Japanese Americans. Sakoguchi is known for his Orange Crate Label series. Aphrodisiac Brand, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, is a mock orange-crate label.  Is shows a rhinoceros slaughtered for its horn, which is erroneously believed to be an aphrodisiac or a cure for cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici (犀角, xījiǎo, "rhinoceros horn").  The Art Institute of Chicago, the Brooklyn Museum, the Columbia Museum of Art (Columbia, SC), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Fogg Art Museum (Cambridge, Massachusetts), the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Queensland Art Gallery (Brisbane, Australia), and the Smithsonian American Art Museum are among the public collections holding work by Ben Sakoguchi.

References

Category:1938 births
Category:American painters
Category:American people of Japanese descent
Category:American artists of Japanese descent
Category:Japanese-American internees
Category:Living people
Category:Pasadena City College faculty


Parker Teenie Two

The Parker Teenie Two is a single-seat, single-engine sport aircraft first built in the United States in 1969 and marketed for homebuilding. It is a low-wing, cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration and fixed tricycle undercarriage. The cockpit was designed to be left open, but plans for a canopy to enclose it were made available, the use of which would increase the top speed of the aircraft. The Teenie Two was specifically designed to use a converted Volkswagen automobile engine for power. The outer wing panels can be detached for transport or storage.

It was featured on the cover of a Popular Mechanics magazine issue in May, 1971. The caption on the cover read, "Build a VW-Powered Plane for $750."

The Teenie Two may be certified in the Experimental category in the US. A pilot license is required to fly it, as it is not considered an ultralight aircraft in the United States. The airplane does however meet the Light Sport Aircraft requirements as defined by the FAA

Development

Drawing from the experience with his previous design, the Jeanie's Teenie, Calvin Parker set out to refine the popular airplane. Improvements on the Jeanie's Teenie included adoption of a fixed horizontal stabilizer, over the all flying tail of the former machine. The aft fuselage was smoothed to follow a straight line from the cockpit to the tail, an aesthetic change that replaced the older plane's bent back appearance. Fuel capacity was increased as was horsepower, resulting in a heavier but faster airplane. Brakes were added as a requirement, as the lighter Jeanie's Teenie could get by without them. The end product was a smoother, streamlined appearance and better handling. The new airplane was named Teenie Two.

Design

Teenie Two was conceived as an airplane that could be built using only hand tools, things that would be possessed by the average person in the early 1970s. The philosophy was Keep It Simple. It was intended to be within reach of someone with no previous experience in building an airplane, or in metal work. To this end, the parts are laid out in such a way that they do not require complex jigs or frames of any kind. The materials were also selected because they could be obtained at a typical hardware store of the day.

Power is derived from the ubiquitous air-cooled Volkswagen automobile engine with modifications laid out by the designer in the plans.

The fuselage is a monocoque design. The empennage consists of a single vertical tail with a hinged rudder. The horizontal stabilizer is fixed, an improvement over Parker's earlier design, the Jeanie's Teenie. A hinged elevator is attached to the horizontal tail.

The wings are a fully cantilevered design. The outer wing panels, 6 feet in length each, are detachable to facilitate ground transportation. To simplify construction, each wing rib is a single piece and slides onto the main spar, a technique that helps in rib alignment. The main spar utilizes a special channel that allows the outer wings to flex and minimizes the amount of material required for bracing. The Teenie Two is not equipped with flaps.

The landing gear is tubular steel, with automotive valve springs and rubber hose inside, for shock absorption. The landing gear is a fixed tricycle configuration with nose wheel steering through rudder bar deflection. The main gear is designed to fail in the event of excessive stress, thus preventing damage to the wing structure. The wing center section design, makes up part of the main landing gear attachment.  The tricycle configuration also eases ground handling.

The cockpit is ideally minimal, equipped with instrumentation for simple, day, VFR flying. Aileron and elevator control is affected through use of a side stick. This makes ingress/egress of the tight cockpit simpler and prevents leg movements from imparting motion to the stick inflight. Rudder control is by use of a rudder bar rather than individual pedals, thus reducing complexity. Flight controls are attached and actuated with push rods rather than cables.

New designs have the luxury of materials and tools that did not exist or were not readily available to the builders of the 1970s. In principle it is possible to refine older methods, and utilize more diverse materials in construction but the Teenie Two is meant to be built as a minimal airplane, with minimal tools, complexity, skillset, and expense.

The Teenie Two is constructed primarily of aluminum, with stainless steel and steel making up the balance. Parts are made from sheet, angle, and tubular stock. The aluminum sheet and extruded angles are limited to two required thicknesses, thus simplifying purchases. Components are fastened using steel mandrel blind rivets of various length. The sheet metal is formed over wooden templates traced from the full sized plans. Very little welding is required, and is generally limited to the landing gear, motor mounts, and small control linkages. The airplane is small enough that it can be built in a garage, on a large table. The aircraft can be built in around 300 hours.

The flight characteristics of the design were intended to be quick but not oversensitive, for mild aerobatics and handling in rough air. The side stick controller also necessitated full control authority by wrist movement alone. With a fuel capacity of 9 gallons and a typical cruise power setting, the Teenie Two has an endurance of nearly 3 hours.

Variants
Teenie Two
original single-seat version
Double Teenie
Two-seat version

The Teenie Two design was the inspiration for another airplane designed by Gary Watson, called the Watson Windwagon. A redesign of the Watson Windwagon by Morry Hummel, led to the popular Hummelbird airplane. A closer derivative of the Teenie Two optimized for aerobatics, was developed by Bradley Aerospace and called the Bradley Aerobat.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

External links

 Now: Teenie Two, by Kevin Brown, Popular Mechanics, May 1971, pp. 94ff. Google books
 Build This ‘Flying Volkswagen’ For Less Than $600!, by Kevin B. Brown, Popular Mechanics, May 1968, pp. 120ff. (about Jeanies Teenie, predecessor of the Teenie Two).

Category:1960s United States sport aircraft
Category:Homebuilt aircraft
Category:Light-sport aircraft
Category:Low-wing aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1969


Canta en Italiano (Daniela Romo EP)

Canta en Italiano (English Sing in Italian) is an EP by Mexican pop singer Daniela Romo. This album was released on 1983. This has 2 Italian versions of the sing "Mentiras" (Lies) and "La ocasión para amarnos" (The occasion to love each other) from her self-titled album.

Track listing
 Bugie →  Mentiras
 Dammi, dammi, dammi → La ocasión para amarnos

Category:Daniela Romo albums
Category:1983 EPs
Category:Italian-language EPs


1667 in Norway

Events in the year 1667 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Frederick III

Events
Fredriksberg Fortress is established.
Leksvik Church is built.

Arts and literature

Births

Full date unknown
Anna Colbjørnsdatter, national heroine (d.1736)

Deaths
5 May – Georg Reichwein, Sr., military officer (b. 1593),

See also

References


Proud Flesh (film)

Proud Flesh is a 1925 American silent comedy-drama film directed by King Vidor and starring Eleanor Boardman, Pat O'Malley and Harrison Ford in a romantic triangle.

Plot
A San Francisco earthquake orphan is adopted by relatives in Spain. grows up and gets wooed by a Romeo there. She turns him down and falls in love with a San Francisco plumber.

Cast
 Eleanor Boardman as Fernanda
 Pat O'Malley as Pat O'Malley
 Harrison Ford as Don Jaime
 Trixie Friganza as Mrs. McKee
 William J. Kelly as Mr. McKee
 Rosita Marstini as Vicente
 Sōjin Kamiyama as Wong
 Evelyn Sherman as Spanish Aunt
 George Nichols as Spanish Uncle
 Margaret Seddon as Mrs. O'Malley
 Lillian Elliott as Mrs. Casey
 Priscilla Bonner as San Francisco Girl
 Joan Crawford as Bit Part (uncredited)

Reception
Mordaunt Hall, critic for The New York Times, called the film "a bright entertainment in which there are a slight touch of heart interest and plenty of amusement."

References

External links

Category:1925 films
Category:1920s comedy-drama films
Category:American films
Category:American silent feature films
Category:American comedy-drama films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:Films about orphans
Category:Films based on American novels
Category:Films directed by King Vidor
Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Category:Films with screenplays by Harry Behn


Experimental finance

The goals of experimental finance are to understand human and market behavior in settings relevant to finance. Experiments are synthetic economic environments created by researchers specifically to answer research questions. This might involve, for example, establishing different market settings and environments to observe experimentally and analyze agents' behavior and the resulting characteristics of trading flows, information diffusion and aggregation, price setting mechanism and returns processes.

Fields to which experimental methods have been applied include corporate finance, asset pricing, financial econometrics, international finance, personal financial decision-making, macro-finance, banking and financial intermediation, capital markets, risk management and insurance, derivatives, quantitative finance, corporate governance and compensation, investments, market mechanisms, SME and microfinance and entrepreneurial finance.
Researchers in experimental finance can study to what extent existing financial economics theory makes valid predictions and attempt to discover new principles on which theory can be extended.

Experimental finance is a branch of experimental economics and its most common use lies in the field of behavioral finance.

History
In 1948, Chamberlin reported results of the first market experiment. Since then the acceptability, recognition, role, and methods of experimental economics have evolved.
From the early 1980s on a similar pattern emerged in experimental finance.
The foundational work in experimental finance was the work of Forsythe, Palfrey and Plott (1980), Plott and Sunder (1982), and Smith, Suchanek and Williams (1988).

Scientific value
Financial economics has one of the most detailed and updated observational data available of all branches of economics. Consequently, finance is characterized by strong empirical traditions. Lots of analysis is done on data from stock exchanges including bids, asks, transaction prices, volume, etc. There is also data available from information services on actions and events that may influence markets. Data from these sources is not able to report on expectations, on which theory of financial markets is built. In experimental markets the researcher is able to know expectations, and control fundamental values, trading institutions, and market parameters such as available liquidity and the total stock of the asset. This gives the researcher the ability to know the price and other predictions of alternative theories. This creates the opportunity to do powerful tests on the robustness of theories which were not possible from field data, since there is little knowledge on the parameters and expectations from field data.

Advantages
Financial data analysis is based on data drawn from settings created for a purpose other than answering a specific research question. This results in the situation where any interpretation of the results may be challenged since it ignores other variables that have changed. Traditional data analysis issues include omitted-variables biases, self-selection biases, unobservable independent variables, and unobservable dependent variables.

Properly designed experiments are able to avoid several problems:

Omitted-variables bias: Multiple experiments can be created with settings that differ from one another in exactly one independent variable. This way all other variables of the setting are controlled, which eliminates alternative explanations for observed differences in the dependent variable.

Self-selection: By randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups, the experimenters avoid issues caused by self-selection and are able to directly observe the changes in the dependent variable by changing by altering certain independent variables.

Unobservable independent variables: Experimentalists can create experimental settings themselves. This makes them able to observe all variables. Traditional data analysis may not be able to observe some variables, but sometimes experimenters cannot directly elicit certain information from subjects either. Without directly knowing a certain independent variable, good experimental design can create measures that to a large extent reflects the unobservable independent variable and the problem is therefore avoided.

Unobservable dependent variables: In traditional data studies, extracting the cause for the dependent variable to change may prove to be difficult. Experimentalists have the ability to create certain tasks that elicit the dependent variable.

Types of experiments

Laboratory experiments

Laboratory experiments are the most common form of experimentation. Here the idea is to construct a highly controlled setting in a laboratory. The use of lab experiments increased due to growing interest in issues such as economic cooperation, trust, and neuroeconomics. In this type of experiments, treatment is assigned randomly to a group of individuals in order to compare their economic actions and behavior to an untreated control group within the artificial laboratory environment. The ability to control the variables in the experiment provides for more accurate assessment of causality.

Controlled field studies or randomized field experiments

Controlled field experiments also randomize treatments but do so in real world applications. Average effects on people's behavior can then be consistently estimated by comparing behavior before and after the allocation.

Natural experiments

A natural experiment happens when some feature of the real world is randomly changed which allows using the exogenous variation due to this change to study causal effects of an otherwise endogenous explanatory variable. Natural experiments are popular in economic and finance research since they offer intuitive interpretation of the underlying identifying assumptions and enable a broader audience to check their consistency, this compared to purely statistical identification.

Main findings
Experimental methods in finance offer complementary methodologies that have allowed for the observation and manipulation of underlying determinants of prices, such as fundamental values or insider information. Experimental studies complement empirical work, particularly in the area of theory testing and development. Exploiting this experimental methodology has revealed some important findings over the past years. These findings could not have been reached by traditional field data analysis alone and are therefore experimental finance’s main contributions to the field of finance:
 Security markets can aggregate and disseminate information (there are efficient markets), but this process is less effective as the information becomes less widely held and the number of information components that must be aggregated increases.
 But this is not always the case (some of them are inefficient).
 When information dissemination occurs, it is rarely perfect or instantaneous. Learning takes time.
 More information is not always better from the point of view of the individual trader. Only those insiders who are much better informed than others can outperform other traders.
 Markets for longer-lived assets have a strong tendency to generate price bubbles and crashes, prolonged deviations from fundamental values.
 Emotions of traders play a role in generating bubbles in experimental asset markets.
 Asset mispricing has been largely associated with trader overconfidence.
 Prices as well as bids, offers, timing, etc., convey information. There are many channels for information flow.
 Well-functioning derivative markets can help to improve primary markets’ efficiency.
 Statistical efficiency or inability to make money using past data does not mean informational efficiency. Not being able to earn abnormal returns from the market does not mean that the price is right.

See also

Experimental economics
Behavioral economics
Game theory
Replication crisis #In economics

References

External links
 Society for Experimental Finance (SEF)

Category:Behavioral finance
Category:Experimental economics


1948–49 Soviet League season

The 1948–49 Soviet Championship League season was the third season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 10 teams participated in the league, and CDKA Moscow won the championship.

Standings

External links
Season on hockeystars.ru

Category:Soviet League seasons
Category:1948–49 in Soviet ice hockey
Soviet


Eric Pinkins

Eric Pinkins (born August 7, 1991) is an American football linebacker and safety who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the sixth round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at San Diego State.

Early years
Pinkins attended Inderkum High School in Sacramento, California. He was selected to the 2008 all-Metro football defense second-team in high school. Pinkins was named as an all-San Joaquin honorable mention by the National Football Foundation. He recorded 52 tackles, three interceptions, nine pass deflections, four blocked punts, and a fumble recovery in his Junior season of high school. He registered 63 tackles, two interceptions, and 12 pass deflections in his senior season of high school. He was a member of his high school track and field team.

College career
He finished his college football career with a total of 172 tackles, three sacks, two forced fumbles, and 10 pass deflections.

Professional career

Seattle Seahawks
On May 10, 2014, Pinkins was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the sixth round of the 2014 NFL Draft. On September 5, 2015, he was waived. On September 6, 2015, he was signed to the Seahawks' practice squad. On September 22, 2015, Pinkins was released from the practice squad. On October 14, 2015, he was signed to the practice squad. On November 21, 2015, he was promoted to the active roster. On September 3, 2016, he was waived/injured by the Seahawks and placed on injured reserve. On September 10, he was released from the Seahawks' injured reserve.

New York Giants
On October 12, 2016, Pinkins was signed to the New York Giants practice squad. On November 29, 2016, he was promoted to the active roster.

On September 1, 2017, Pinkins was waived by the Giants.

Dallas Cowboys
After spending the entire 2017 NFL season as a free agent, On May 29, 2018, Pinkins signed with Dallas Cowboys. He was released on September 1, 2018.

San Diego Fleet
In 2019, Pinkins joined the San Diego Fleet. He was one of seven San Diego State alumni to make the team's final 52-man roster. The league ceased operations in April 2019.

Los Angeles Wildcats
In October 2019, Pinkins was selected by the Los Angeles Wildcats in the 2020 XFL Draft. He was waived during final roster cuts on January 22, 2020.

References

External links
 San Diego State Aztecs football bio
 Seattle Seahawks bio

Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:American football safeties
Category:Sportspeople from Sacramento, California
Category:San Diego State Aztecs football players
Category:Seattle Seahawks players
Category:New York Giants players
Category:Players of American football from California
Category:Dallas Cowboys players
Category:San Diego Fleet players
Category:Los Angeles Wildcats (XFL) players


Russell Taylor (The Closer)

Assistant Chief Russell Taylor was a fictional character featured in TNT's The Closer, portrayed by Robert Gossett. Commander Taylor is the Commanding Officer of the Los Angeles Police Department's (LAPD) Robbery-Homicide Division. He is also one of two characters on the show who have real-life equivalents on the LAPD, although his rank is one step higher. A hard worker who has risen through the ranks, he is extremely resentful of Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson's status and the respect she receives from the officers working with her. He does what he can to undermine her at every turn, under the guise of trying to assist in the case.  In The Closer spinoff, Major Crimes, Taylor becomes the Assistant Chief of Operations for the LAPD. In the episode "White Lies, Part I," Taylor is killed in the line of duty during a courtroom shooting.

Career history
He worked his way up to Captain after 21 years with the LAPD. Before Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson transferred to Los Angeles, Taylor headed up the Priority Homicide Division. He was removed from that position when too many celebrity cases were handed to the DA with "less than compelling" evidence.

At the end of season 1, Taylor was promoted to the rank of Commander by Chief Pope in return for dropping a "conduct unbecoming an officer" complaint against Deputy Chief Johnson. Since his promotion, Taylor appears to be more willing to work with Johnson and even has asked for her help in a few cases, however he is still a vocal opponent of her condescending attitude.

When Tommy Delk is named Chief of Police Chief of Police, Taylor is about to be named the new Assistant Chief of Operations until Delk's untimely death. After Assistant Chief Pope was appointed Chief of Police and it became clear that Chief Johnson was unfit for the position, Commander Taylor was promoted to Assistant Chief. In Major Crimes, he introduces a new policy of making deals with criminals rather than going to trial to save money. While this is initially unpopular with the squad, except Captain Sharon Raydor, they have adapted to the changes. When giving Raydor the job as head of Major Crimes, both Taylor and Pope promised her a promotion to Commander, but this is revealed to have been a lie due to a hiring freeze. Instead, Taylor states that her taking over Major Crimes is the promotion she was promised.

In "White Lies, Part 1", white supremacist Dwight Darnell opens fire on a courtroom while on trial for murder. Taylor is shot multiple times before Darnell is brought down by Sharon Raydor. Despite the best efforts of Doctor Morales, Taylor dies of his wounds. The Major Crimes squad are deeply affected by his death despite their differences with him.

In "White Lies, Part 3", Fritz Howard tells Sharon Raydor that a park is being built on the location of the condemned buildings once belonging to the Zyklon Brotherhood and it will be dedicated in Taylor's honor. It's also determined that while everyone else shot in the courtroom was part of a conspiracy, Taylor's death was not. Instead, Taylor had drawn his gun in an attempt to stop Darnell and Darnell simply returned fire at him.

Through the second half of season 5, there is a competition between a reluctant Sharon, Deputy Chief Winnie Davis and Commander Leo Mason to replace Taylor as Assistant Chief with Fritz Howard working as Acting Assistant Chief in the interim. In "Shockwave, Part 2", Mason is promoted to take Taylor's place with Fritz returning to his old job as Deputy Chief of SOB. As one of his first acts, Mason grants Sharon the promotion to Commander that Taylor had denied her when she took over Major Crimes.

Personality
Tough and extremely ambitious, Taylor earned the loyalty of his detectives by helping them gain advanced education and promotions. Taylor initially demonstrated resentment and insecurity after he was taken off the Priority Homicide Squad and was passed up for a promotion. Eventually however, he grew to respect Deputy Chief Johnson, even supporting her bid to become Chief of Police.

During the first season of The Closer, Taylor wasn't above sabotaging Johnson. As a Captain, Taylor resented Johnson because after over 20 years on the force, he was a Captain, while Johnson outranked him even with no LAPD experience. Throughout Season 1, Taylor began to lose the respect of many detectives who formerly admired him. It was most evident in Lt. Flynn, once as anti-Brenda as Taylor, soon came around after she defended him in a cold case where his mistakes could have cost him his job and pension while his erstwhile friend Taylor was more than willing to "throw him to the wolves".

In the Season 1 finale of The Closer, then-Captain Taylor files an anonymous complaint against Deputy Chief Johnson for "conduct unbecoming an officer." The charges were clearly without merit, but because they were filed and the fact that the DA's office and the FBI disliked Johnson's methods and attitude, an investigation was instigated by Internal Affairs into Johnson's conduct. But after the charges become a distraction and waste of resources to the LAPD, then-Assistant Chief Will Pope made a deal with Taylor, promoting him to the rank of Commander, one rank below Deputy Chief, if Taylor withdrew the charges. After Taylor's promotion to Commander, he works well with Johnson and her division, despite their past conflicts.

Taylor was temporarily given control of the detectives in the Priority Homicide Division while Deputy Chief Johnson was on administrative leave at the end of season 2, following a shooting incident in the murder room, during which Lt. Provenza's gun was used by a federal protective witness to kill a decorated FBI agent.

Taylor, however, grew to respect Chief Johnson's abilities and even relies on her to solve cases he's most passionate about. As time has passed the two have worked better together and the animosity between their divisions has decreased considerably. In Season 6, Taylor supported Brenda's campaign to become the next Chief of Police, and when Johnson retired from the LAPD, Taylor was visibly emotional.

Following the departure of Chief Johnson, Taylor is promoted to Assistant Chief and begins pushing a new policy of making deals rather than going to trial to save the LAPD money. However, while he at times clashes with the team, he also proves an ally at points such as coming up with a breakthrough that helps solve the Wade Weller case and supporting Sharon and Rusty's familial bond.

Despite his issues with them, the Major Crimes squad was shown to have great regard for Taylor and his death deeply affected all of them. As the squad worked to solve the conspiracy that led to his murder, Taylor was described as a hero by Fritz Howard who stated that his memory would be honored by them catching the people responsible for his death.

Awards and decorations
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Assistant Chief Taylor.

References

Category:Television characters introduced in 2005
Category:Fictional Los Angeles Police Department officers
Category:The Closer characters


Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland

Sør-Hålogaland is a diocese in the Church of Norway. The Diocese covers the Lutheran Church of Norway churches located within Nordland county in Norway.  The diocese is headquartered in the town of Bodø at Bodø Cathedral, the seat of the presiding Bishop Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes (since 2015).  The diocese is divided into eight deaneries .

History
In 1952, the old Diocese of Hålogaland (which covered all of Northern Norway) was split into two: the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland (Nordland county) and the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland (Troms, Finnmark, and Svalbard).

Bishops
The bishops of Sør-Hålogaland since its creation in 1952:

1952–1959: Wollert Krohn-Hansen
1959–1969: Hans Edvard Wisløff
1969–1982: Bjarne Odd Weider
1982–1992: Fredrik Grønningsæter
1992–2006: Øystein Ingar Larsen
2007-2015: Tor Berger Jørgensen
Since 2015: Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes

Cathedral

The old church in Bodø was destroyed during World War II, and after the war plans were made to replace the church and make it the cathedral for the new diocese. The foundation stone was laid in 1954 and was consecrated by Bishop Wollert Krohn-Hansen in 1956. There is also a memorial to those who died in Bodø during the Second World War.

Structure
The Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland is divided into eight deaneries ().  Each one corresponds to several municipalities in the diocese. Each municipality is further divided into one or more parishes which each contain one or more congregations. See each municipality below for lists of churches and parishes within them.

References

External links
 Church of Norway in Bodø
 Bodø Cathedral

Sor-Haalogaland
Category:Nordland
Category:Christian organizations established in 1952
Category:1952 establishments in Norway
Category:Organisations based in Bodø


Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant

Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant () is a plant in Lyudinovsky founded in 1745. In 2007 the works became part of Sinara Transport Machines.

 it produces shunting locomotives with both hydraulic transmission: TGM3B (ТГМ4Б) and TGM6A (ТГМ6Д), and electrical transmission: TEM7A (ТЭМ7А) and TEM9  (ТЭМ9).

Gallery

References

External links

Category:Locomotive manufacturers of Russia
Category:Sinara Group
Category:Companies based in Kaluga Oblast
Category:Companies established in 1745


Lynn Allen

Lynn Allen (February 27, 1891 – May 31, 1958) was an American football wingback who played one season in the American Professional Football Association with the Detroit Heralds. He played college football at the University of Detroit.

External links
Just Sports Stats

Category:1891 births
Category:1958 deaths
Category:Players of American football from Michigan
Category:American football running backs
Category:Detroit Titans football players
Category:Detroit Heralds players
Category:People from Chelsea, Michigan


Robert Bober

Robert Bober (born 1931) is a French film director, theater director and writer of German-Jewish origin. He was born on November 13, 1931 in Berlin. Working as a film-maker for television since 1967, he has made close to 120 documentary films. His first novel, Quoi de neuf sur la guerre? (What's new about war?) received the Prix du Livre Inter in 1994.

Biography

Robert Bober was born in Berlin in 1931 to Jewish parents of Polish origin. In 1933 the family flees Nazism and takes refuge in France. Thanks to an early warning, the family managed to avoid the Velodrome d'Hiver roundup of July 1942, where many Jews were killed or deported. At 16, he began an apprenticeship as a tailor and made a living that way until the age of 22 when he turned to pottery. During his summer vacations he spent time with children who had lost their families during the Second World War.

Career

In the 1950s, Bober met François Truffaut and became his assistant for the films 400 Blows (1959), Shoot the Piano Player (1960), and Jules and Jim (1962). In 1967 he directed his first documentary for TV. During the 1960s and 1970s his documentaries primarily explored the consequences of the Holocaust.

In 1979 he collaborated with Georges Perec on a documentary film called Ellis Island Revisited, also published in book form.

Bober has published 4 novels with the French publisher P.O.L.: Quoi de neuf sur la guerre (1993), Berg et Beck (1999), Laissées-pour-compte (2005) and On ne peut plus dormir tranquille quand on a une fois ouvert les yeux (Translated as Wide Awake) (2010). Of these novels, only Wide Awake has been translated into English. It was published by The New Press.

References

http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1843
http://www.pol-editeur.com/index.php?spec=auteur&numauteur=27
 Short biography

Category:People from Berlin
Category:Living people
Category:1931 births
Category:French documentary filmmakers
Category:French Jews
Category:German Jews
Category:French people of German-Jewish descent
Category:French film directors
Category:Prix du Livre Inter winners
Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres


Sébastien Callamand

Sébastien Callamand (born 26 June 1985) is a French footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bourg-Péronnas.

References

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Bourg-en-Bresse
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:French footballers
Category:Ligue 2 players
Category:Championnat National players
Category:Football Bourg-en-Bresse Péronnas 01 players
Category:Sportspeople from Ain


Peter Millar (clothing company)

Peter Millar is a premium American lifestyle brand founded in 2001 in Raleigh, North Carolina which produces  casual sportswear, tailored dress furnishings, luxury and performance golf attire for men and women. The company maintains it headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina and is an owned subsidiary of Compagnie Financière Richemont SA.

History

Early History
Peter Millar was founded in 2001 by Greg Oakley, Chet Sikorski and Chris Knott. The company's name was inspired by an inscription Knott discovered on an antique lawn bowling ball given to him by his mother.

In 2005, Scott Mahoney, former executive at Polo Ralph Lauren, teamed with Sea Island Company to purchase Peter Millar and then took leadership as Chief Executive Officer.

In 2007, Peter Millar signed a license agreement with Empire Clothing of Canada for manufacturing and distribution of Peter Millar's tailored clothing line.

In 2009, Winona Capital Management, a Chicago-based private equity firm, purchased a majority interest in Peter Millar from the Sea Island Company.

In January 2010 Todd Martin, joined the team as president of Peter Millar Golf, with over 16 years of experience in the better golf apparel market, formerly serving as president of Fairway & Greene Inc.

In 2011, Peter Millar moved its design and marketing headquarters to a new showroom in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, and opened a warehouse space and offices in Durham, North Carolina.

Growth
In 2012, Peter Millar was acquired by Richemont SA, a Swiss-based luxury goods holding company whose brands include Cartier (jeweler), Van Cleef & Arpels, Montblanc (company), Vacheron Constantin, and Jaeger-LeCoultre.

In March 2015, founder Chris Knott announced his retirement.

In February 2015 Jason Cater takes on role as Vice-President of Design and Merchandising. Cater was previously of Ermenegildo Zegna where he was vice president of wholesale for Ermenegildo Zegna Sportswear, Shoes, and Leather Goods.

May 2017, Peter Millar introduces collaboration with G/FORE footwear. This new range combines G/FORE's custom design and golf footwear expertise with classic Peter Millar styling in custom colours.

January 2018, Peter Millar announced they had acquired Los Angeles-based G/FORE, a golf inspired sportswear and accessories brand.

Stores

In 2011, Peter Millar opened its first company-owned retail store in Southampton, New York, followed by a retail store in Palm Beach, Florida, on iconic Worth Avenue.

In late 2014, Peter Millar opened a flagship retail store in New York at 536 Madison Avenue.

Shortly afterward, it opened a retail store in Austin, Texas, at The Domain Shopping Center.

In September 2015, the brand opened a store in Raleigh's North Hills.

In December 2015, Peter Millar opened a store in partnership with Andrisen Morton, a high-end menswear clothier in Denver.

Peter Millar opened a shopping destination in Atlanta in January 2016. The store involves a targeted partnership with long-time industry veterans Robby Miller and Greg Miller of Miller Brothers, a high-end menswear clothier in Atlanta. The 1,250 square ft. store is located in the heart of Alpharetta at the Avalon Shopping Center.

In June 2017, Peter Millar opened a location in Dallas’ newest urban village Legacy West.

August 2017, Peter Millar partnered with Eric Viars of the Oxford Shop to open a new location in Brentwood's Hill Center.

In September 2017, Peter Millar opened a luxury apparel boutique within the Broadmoor Resort in Colorado Spring, Colorado. This is the second retail location Peter Millar will open with long-time menswear industry veterans Craig Andrisen and Dave Morton of Andrisen Morton.

In July 2018 Peter Millar opened a location in Miramar Beach, Florida in partnership with George Bass of New Orleans, a prominent menswear store.

In May 2018 Peter Millar opened a location in Boston, MA. The store was opened in partnership with Mahi Gold.

Peter Millar opened a location in Charlotte, NC in partnership with Paul Simon Co. in September 2018. The store is located in Charlotte's SouthPark area.

In March 2019 Peter Millar opened a location in partnership with Gary's, a high-end menswear store. The store sits in the Fashion Island shopping center in Newport Beach, CA.

Peter Millar opened their newest location in April 2019 in Chicago. This flagship location is the brand's largest store in the country to date.

Peter Millar is also carried in golf clubs and specialty retail stores across the world as well as select Nordstrom, Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue.

In November of 2019, Peter Millar opened their newest location in Palmetto Bluff.

Current Retail Locations
 Southampton - 2011
 Palm Beach - 2011
 New York - 2014
 Austin -  2014
 Raleigh - 2015
 Atlanta - 2016
 Denver - 2016
 Sea Island Collection Shop - 2016
 Broadmoor - 2017
 Dallas - 2017
 Nashville - 2017
 Destin - 2018
 Boston - 2018
 Charlotte - 2018
Newport Beach - 2018
Chicago - 2019
Palmetto Bluff - 2019

Brand Ambassadors

Current Brand Ambassadors
 PGA Tour Player Brandt Snedeker
PGA Tour Player Patton Kizzire
 PGA Tour Player Bill Haas
 PGA Tour Player Scott Brown
 PGA Tour Player Shawn Stefani
 PGA Tour Player Chesson Hadley
 PGA Tour Player Chez Reavie
 PGA Tour Player Hudson Swafford
 PGA Tour Player Johnson Wagner
 PGA Tour Player Branden Grace
PGA Tour Player Danny Lee
PGA Tour Player Hank Lebioda
PGA Tour Player Josh Teater
PGA Tour Player Harris English
PGA Tour Player Kevin Kisner
PGA Tour Player Akshay Bhatia
 Web.com Tour Player Dru Love
 Web.com tour Rick Lamb
 Web.com tour Brett Quigley
 European Tour Player Ben Evans
European Tour Player Robert MacIntyre
 European Tour Player George Coetzee
 European Tour Player Jamie Donaldson
 European Tour Player Oliver Wilson
European Tour Player Harry Hall
Asian Tour Player Panuphol Pittayarat
PGA Tour Champions Player David Toms
PGA Tour Champions Player Kevin Tanigawa
 Golf Channel's Morning Drive host Gary Williams
Collegiate Player Cameron Young
Collegiate Player Steven Fisk
Collegiate Player Cole Hammer

Notable Information
The brand's motto is “Live a life of style & substance".

Every Peter Millar shipment includes a signature mint inside the box.

Golf Channel's Morning Drive host Gary Williams is a brand advocate and ambassador.

ESPN college basketball analyst Jay Bilas wears tailored suits and dress furnishings by Peter Millar.

In 2011, United States Presidents Cup Captain, Fred Couples, choose Peter Millar to outfit the entire U.S. team for the 2011 matches in Melbourne, Australia.

In 2013, the brand was selected as the official apparel provider for the International Team at The Presidents Cup 2013 in Dublin, Ohio.

In 2015, the brand was selected as the official apparel provider for the International Team at The Presidents Cup, held in Songdo IBD, South Korea, in October 2015.

References

Category:Clothing companies of the United States
Category:Clothing companies established in 2001
Category:Retail companies established in 2001
Category:American companies established in 2001


Matt Somner

Matthew James Somner (born 8 December 1982) is a footballer who played for Walton & Hersham. A utility player, Somner can play in numerous position across both defence and midfield.

Career
Born in Isleworth, London, Somner began his career with local club Brentford, situated just 2 km from his native Isleworth. His professional debut came on 1 May 2001, in a 6–0 defeat to Swansea City. During his time at Griffin Park, he was called into the Wales-U21 squad to play Italy-U21s in 2003. The game finished disastrously for Wales as they lost 8–1.

Somner spent four seasons at Brentford, where he played in 93 games, before his contract was cancelled my mutual consent on 31 January 2005. He joined League Two side Cambridge United two days later, having had a loan spell at the club in December 2004. He was offered a new contract at the end of the season, though turned it down and instead joined Bristol Rovers on non-contract terms. He made only one appearance before signing for Conference National side Aldershot Town on 19 August 2005.

His contract not renewed at Aldershot, Somner joined Notts County in 2006, playing in 62 games over two seasons.

Somner was released by Notts County in 2008, and signed for Mansfield Town on 1 August 2008. He joined Altrincham on loan in November 2010.

On 31 January 2011, Somner signed for Forest Green Rovers after being released by Mansfield. He made his debut for Forest Green on 5 February 2011 in a home win against Hayes & Yeading United. Somner revealed on his Twitter page ahead of Rovers final game of the season that he would not be offered a new contract by the club. He would go on to score for Forest Green in their last game of the season against Tamworth.

Somner signed for Lewes in July 2011. He then joined Kingstonian in the summer of 2012. After a lengthy spell at Kingsmeadow, which included taking the captain's armband, he dropped to the Isthmian Division One South for the 2014–15 season, joining Walton Casuals. Managing just two appearances for the Stags, he left at the end of August and took a short break from football. However, he returned to the league in late February, joining rivals Walton & Hersham.

Career statistics

References

External links

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Isleworth
Category:English footballers
Category:Welsh footballers
Category:Wales under-21 international footballers
Category:Association football utility players
Category:Brentford F.C. players
Category:Cambridge United F.C. players
Category:Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Category:Aldershot Town F.C. players
Category:Notts County F.C. players
Category:Mansfield Town F.C. players
Category:Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Category:Lewes F.C. players
Category:Kingstonian F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:National League (English football) players
Category:Walton Casuals F.C. players
Category:Walton & Hersham F.C. players
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Association football midfielders


Anna Brownell Jameson

Anna Brownell Jameson (17 May 179417 March 1860) was the first Anglo-Irish art historian. Born in Ireland, she migrated to England at the age of four, becoming a well-known British writer and contributor to nineteenth-century thought on a range of subjects including early feminism, art history (particularly sacred art), travel, Shakespeare, poets, and German culture.  Jameson was connected to some of the most prominent names of the period including Fanny Kemble, Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and Robert Browning, Harriet Martineau, Ottilie von Goethe (the daughter-in-law of Goethe), Lady Byron, Charles and Elizabeth Eastlake, and Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon.

Biography
Anna Murphy was born in Dublin, 17 May 1794. Her father, Denis Brownell Murphy (died 1842), was a miniaturist and enamel painter. He moved to England in 1798 with his wife Johanna and four daughters (of whom Anna was the eldest) and eventually settled at Hanwell, London.

At sixteen years of age, she became governess in the family of Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester. In 1821 she was engaged to lawyer and later Upper Canada jurist Robert Jameson. The engagement was broken off, and Anna Murphy accompanied a young pupil to Italy, writing a "autobiographical" narrative under the guise of an unnamed and ailing young woman who eventually dies. She gave this diary to a bookseller on condition of receiving a guitar if he secured any profits. Colburn ultimately published it as The Diary of an Ennuyée (1826), which attracted much attention, not least because the identity of the writer was soon discovered creating a scandal among reviewers in particular who felt they had been duped.  For Anna however, it was the first taste of notoriety.  Anna Murphy was governess to the children of Edward Littleton, later created Baron Hatherton, from 1821 to 1825, when she relented and married Jameson.

The marriage proved unhappy. In 1829, when Jameson was appointed puisne judge in the island of Dominica, he left Anna in England (never sending for her during his time there despite repeated promises), and she visited Continental Europe again with her father. In that year she made her name when the Loves of the Poets was published. The book attracted a poem by Mrs. Cornwell Baron Wilson in tribute.

The first work which displayed her powers of original thought was her Characteristics of Women (1832).
These analyses of William Shakespeare's heroines are remarkable for their delicacy of critical insight and fineness of literary touch. They are the result of a penetrating, essentially feminine mind, applied to the study of individuals of its own sex, detecting characteristics and defining differences not perceived by the ordinary critic and entirely overlooked by the general reader.

German literature and art had aroused much interest in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Jameson paid her first visit to the German Confederation in 1833. The conglomerations of hard lines, cold colours and pedantic subjects which decorated Munich under the patronage of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, were new to the world, and Jameson's enthusiasm first gave them an English reputation.

In 1836, Jameson was summoned to Canada by her husband, who had been appointed to the Court of Chancery of the province of Upper Canada. Jameson and her husband had already lived apart for over four years, during which Anna made a good living for herself as a writer. She made no secret of the fact that she was unhappy in her marriage. Upon her arrival, her husband failed to meet her at New York and she was left to make her way alone in winter to Toronto. Here she began the travelogue of her journey, Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada, which was published in Britain in 1838. She writes in this book her initial distaste for Toronto in her first few months there, describing it as "ugly" and "inefficient." After eight months of travelling and writing in Canada, she felt it useless to prolong a life far from all ties of family happiness and opportunities for a woman of her class and education. Before leaving, she undertook a journey to the depths of the Indian settlements in Canada; she explored Lake Huron, and saw much of emigrant and aboriginal life unknown to colonial travellers. She returned to Great Britain in 1838.

At this period Jameson began making careful notes of the chief private art collections in and near London. The result appeared in her Companion to the Private Galleries (1842), followed in the same year by the Handbook to the Public Galleries. She edited the Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters in 1845. That same year she visited her friend Ottilie von Goethe. Her friendship with Annabella Byron, 11th Baroness Wentworth, dates from about this time and lasted for some seven years; it was brought to an end apparently through the Baroness's unreasonable temper.

A volume of essays published in 1846 contains one of Jameson's best pieces of work, The House of Titian. In 1847 she went to Italy with her niece and subsequent biographer (Memoirs, 1878), Gerardine Bate (later the wife of the noted photographer Robert Macpherson), to collect materials for the work on which her reputation rests: her series of Sacred and Legendary Art. The time was ripe for such contributions to the traveller's library. The Acta Sanctorum and the Book of the Golden Legend had had their readers, but no one had ever pointed out the connection between these tales and the works of Christian art. The way to these studies had been pointed out in the preface to Kugler's Handbook of Italian Painting by Sir Charles Eastlake, who had intended pursuing the subject himself.

Eventually he made over to Jameson the materials and references he had collected. She recognised the extent of the ground before her as a mingled sphere of poetry, history, devotion, and art. She infected her readers with her own enthusiastic admiration; and, in spite of her slight technical and historical equipment, Jameson produced a book which thoroughly deserved its great success.

She also took a keen interest in questions affecting the education, occupations, and maintenance of her own sex. Her early essay on The Relative Social Position of Mothers and Governesses was the work of one who knew both sides; and in no respect does she more clearly prove the falseness of the position she describes than in the certainty with which she predicts its eventual reform. To her we owe the first popular enunciation of the principle of male and female co-operation in works of mercy and education. In her later years she took up a succession of subjects all bearing on the same principles of active benevolence and the best ways of carrying them into practice. Sisters of charity, hospitals, penitentiaries, prisons, and workhouses all claimed her interest – all more or less included under those definitions of "the communion of love and communion of labour" which are inseparably connected with her memory. To the clear and temperate forms in which she brought the results of her convictions before her friends in the shape of private lectures (published as Sisters of Charity, 1855, and The Communion of Labour, 1856) may be traced the source whence later reformers and philanthropists took counsel and courage.

She left the last of her Sacred and Legendary Art series in preparation. It was completed as The History of Our Lord in Art, by Lady Eastlake.

References

Further reading
Judith Johnston, 'Anna Brownell Jameson and the Monthly Chronicle''', In Garlick & Harris , eds., Victorian Journalism: Exotic and Domestic (Queensland University Press, 1998)
Judith Johnston, 'Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters.' Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1997.
Gerardine Bate (Mrs. Robert) Macpherson, Memoirs of the Life of Anna Jameson (Boston, 1878)

Thomas, Clara. Love and Work Enough: The Life of Anna Jameson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967.
Jameson, Anna. (1832). Characteristics of Women: Moral, Poetical, and Historical''. Saunders and Otley (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; )

External links

 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

 Works by Mrs. Jameson at Open Library
 Different sides of the picture. Four Women's Views of Canada (1816 - 1838). Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, by Susan Birkwood, Faculty of Graduate Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, 1997 (Ann Cuthbert Knight; Jameson; Frances Trollope; Frances Wright)

Electronic editions

Category:1794 births
Category:1860 deaths
Category:18th-century Irish women writers
Category:19th-century British writers
Category:19th-century Irish women writers
Category:Art historians
Category:British governesses
Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Category:People from Dublin (city)


Tempest of the Gods

Tempest of the Gods is an out-of-print collectible card game by Black Dragon Press and was released in July 1995. The core set, called Limited Edition had 270 cards. Some artists that made art for Magic: the Gathering cards, such as Mark Poole, Susan Van Camp, Nene Thomas and Doug Shuler made cards for Tempest of the Gods as well. Tempest: Egyptian Neteru was an expansion for the game that never materialized.

The game is set in Darkurthe, a fantasy world based on a role-playing game of the same name. Allen Varney of The Duelist said it was a "worse clone" of Magic: the Gathering.

References

Category:Collectible card games
Category:Card games introduced in 1995


Yang Yun-ho

Yang Yun-ho (born November 11, 1966) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. His feature film debut Yuri (1996) screened at the Critics' Week of the Cannes Film Festival. Among the films Yang has directed since are Libera Me (2000), Fighter in the Wind (2004, for which he received a Best Adapted Screenplay nomination at the 2005 Grand Bell Awards), Holiday (2006), Rainbow Eyes (2007), and Grand Prix (2010). He also co-directed the 2009 television series Iris and its film version, Iris: The Movie.

Filmography
Share the Vision (short film, 2011) - director
Ghastly (2011) - supervising producer
Iris: The Movie (2010) - director
Iris (TV, 2009) - director
Grand Prix (2010) - director, script editor
Rainbow Eyes (2007) - director, script editor
Holiday (2006) - director, script editor
Fighter in the Wind (2004) - director, screenplay, planner
Libera Me (2000) - director
White Valentine (1999) - director
Zzang (The Best) (1998) - director
Henequen (1997) - assistant director
Mister Condom (1997) - director
Yuri (1996) - director, screenplay, planner
Mom, the Star, and the Sea Anemone (1995) - assistant director
When Adam Opens His Eyes (1993) - assistant director
The Extra Lanes  (short film, 1992) - director, screenplay
Na ÷ Dul (short film, 1991) - lighting

References

External links

Category:South Korean film directors
Category:South Korean screenwriters
Category:Dongguk University alumni
Category:Living people
Category:1966 births


Erwin Strittmatter

Erwin Strittmatter (14 August 1912 in Spremberg – 31 January 1994 in Schulzenhof near Dollgow/Stechlin) was a German writer. Strittmatter was one of the most famous writers in the GDR.

Biography
Strittmatter was born the son of a baker and foods wholesaler. Between 1924 and 1930 he attended the secondary school in Spremberg which has subsequently been named after him.  His left his school early due to shortage of money, and at the age of 17 he started an apprenticeship as a baker.  Later Strittmatter worked as baker, waiter, chauffeur, zookeeper and unskilled laborer.

In 1940 he volunteered to the Waffen-SS but was rejected. Instead, in March 1941 he was drafted into the Ordnungspolizei in the SS-Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 18, which operated under the control of the Waffen-SS and which was involved in the deportation of Jews from Athens. In October till December 1941 his unit was stationed at Cracow, probably as guards of the Krakau Ghetto. Later Strittmatter completed courses in anti-partisan warfare and was deployed in Slovenia, Finland und Greece.

Strittmatter deserted in March 1945 and lived (without documentation) in Wallern/Volary (south-west Bohemia) for a few months.   He was interrogated by the Americans in May 1945, but they released him, thinking him a civilian.   By June 1945 he was back in what remained of Germany, working for a fruit and vegetable wholesaler in Saalfeld and also for his father as a baker while also working as a correspondent and later as an editor for a newspaper. In 1947, he became head official of seven municipalities. In 1954 Strittmatter began working as a freelance writer. Strittmatter married Eva Strittmatter, who went on to become one of the most successful poets of East Germany, in 1956.

In 1955 he was awarded the National Prize of the GDR for his novel Tinko, in 1961 he received the Lessing award of the GDR. He was a Stasi informer from 1958 to 1964. His 1963 novel "Ole Bienkopp" was the first widely read work of literature in East Germany to break the constraints of Socialist Realism and offer a tragic hero who criticized representatives of the ruling Socialist Unity Party in the course of the novel.

On 31 January 1994, Erwin Strittmatter died after a long illness.

References

External links

Category:1912 births
Category:1994 deaths
Category:People from Spremberg
Category:People from the Province of Brandenburg
Category:East German writers
Category:Writers from Brandenburg
Category:German male writers
Category:Gebirgsjäger of World War II
Category:German police officers
Category:Waffen-SS personnel
Category:Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
Category:Recipients of the Order of Karl Marx
Category:Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold
Category:Recipients of the Banner of Labor
Category:People of the Stasi