Dood Water

Dood Water  is a 1934 Dutch drama film directed by Gerard Rutten.

Cast
Jan Musch	... 	Willem de Geus
Theo de Maal	... 	Jaap de Meeuw (as Teo de Maal)
Betsy Ranucci-Beckman	... 	Aaf de Meeuw
Arnold Marlé... 	Dirk Brak
Max Croiset	... 	Jan Brak
Helga van Gogh	... 	Maartje Brak
Johan Schilthuyzen
Jules Verstraete

Reception
Writing for The Spectator, Graham Greene praised the film's documentary prologue as "an exciting piece of pure cinema", and commented that the story which follows "has some of the magnificent drive one felt behind the classic Russian films, behind Earth and The General Line: no tiresome 'message', but a belief in the importance of a human activity truthfully reported". Greene also noted, however, that "the photography is uneven: at moments it is painfully 'arty', deliberately out of focus".

References

External links

Category:Dutch films
Category:1934 films
Category:Dutch black-and-white films
Category:1930s drama films
Category:Films directed by Gerard Rutten
Category:Dutch drama films


Hickelia

Hickelia is a genus of African bamboo in the grass family.

Species
 Hickelia africana S.Dransf. - Tanzania
 Hickelia alaotrensis A.Camus - Madagascar
 Hickelia madagascariensis A.Camus - Madagascar
 Hickelia perrieri (A.Camus) S.Dransf. - Madagascar

References

Category:Bambusoideae
Category:Bambusoideae genera
Category:Flora of Africa


Guru–shishya tradition

The guru–shishya tradition, or parampara ("lineage"), denotes a succession of teachers and disciples in traditional Vedic culture and religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism  (Tibetan and Zen tradition). Each parampara belongs to a specific sampradaya, and may have own akharas and gurukulas. It is the tradition of spiritual relationship and mentoring where teachings are transmitted from a guru "teacher" () to a śiṣya "disciple" () or chela. Such knowledge, whether it be Vedic, agamic, architectural, musical or spiritual, is imparted through the developing relationship between the guru and the disciple. It is considered that this relationship, based on the genuineness of the guru, and the respect which is not based on age or how old one looks, commitment, devotion and obedience of the student, is the best way for subtle or advanced knowledge to be conveyed. The student eventually masters the knowledge that the guru embodies.

Etymology
Guru–shishya means "succession from guru to disciple".

Paramparā (Sanskrit: परम्परा, paramparā)  literally means an uninterrupted row or series, order, succession, continuation, mediation, tradition. In the traditional residential form of education, the shishya remains with his or her guru as a family member and gets the education as a true learner.

Historical background
In the early oral traditions of the Upanishads, the guru–shishya relationship had evolved into a fundamental component of Hinduism. The term "Upanishad" derives from the Sanskrit words "upa" (near), "ni" (down) and "ṣad" (to sit) — so it means "sitting down near" a spiritual teacher to receive instruction. The relationship between Krishna and Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita portion of the Mahabharata, and between Rama and Hanuman in the Ramayana, are examples. In the Upanishads, gurus and disciples appear in a variety of settings (e.g. a husband answering questions about immortality; a teenage boy being taught by Yama, Hinduism's Lord of Death). Sometimes the sages are women, and the instructions may be sought by kings.

In the Vedas, the knowledge of Brahman (brahmavidya) is communicated from guru to shishya by oral lore.

Common characteristics of the guru–shishya relationship

Within the broad spectrum of the Hindu religion, the guru–shishya relationship can be found in numerous variant forms including tantra. Some common elements in this relationship include:
 The establishment of a teacher/student relationship.
 A formal recognition of this relationship, generally in a structured initiation ceremony where the guru accepts the initiate as a shishya and also accepts responsibility for the spiritual well-being and progress of the new shishya.
 Sometimes this initiation process will include the conveying of specific esoteric wisdom and/or meditation techniques.
 Gurudakshina, where the shishya gives a gift to the guru as a token of gratitude, often the only monetary or otherwise fee that the student ever gives. Such tokens can be as simple as a piece of fruit or as serious as a thumb, as in the case of Ekalavya and his guru Dronacharya.

In some traditions there is never more than one active master at the same time in the same guruparamaparya (lineage).

Titles of gurus
In paramapara, not only is the immediate guru revered, the three preceding gurus are also worshipped or revered. These are known variously as the kala-guru or as the "four gurus" and are designated as follows:
Guru – the immediate guru
Parama-guru – the guru of the Parampara or specific tradition (e.g. for the Śankaracharyas this is Adi Śankara)
Parātpara-guru – the guru who is the source of knowledge for many traditions (e.g. for the Śankaracharya's this is Vedavyāsa)
Parameṣṭhi-guru – the highest guru, who has the power to bestow mokṣa (usually depicted as Lord Śiva, being the highest guru)

Parampara, Sampradaya and Akhara

Traditionally the word used for a succession of teachers and disciples in ancient Indian culture is parampara ( in IAST).  In the parampara system, knowledge (in any field) is believed to be passed down through successive generations. The Sanskrit word figuratively means "an uninterrupted series or succession". Sometimes defined as "the passing down of Vedic knowledge", it is believed to be always entrusted to the . An established parampara is often called , or school of thought. For example, in Vaishnavism a number of sampradayas are developed following a single teacher, or an acharya. While some argue for freedom of interpretation others maintain that "Although an  speaks according to the time and circumstance in which he appears, he upholds the original conclusion, or , of the Vedic literature."

Akhara is a place of practice with facilities for boarding, lodging and training, both in the context of Indian martial artists or a Sampradaya monastery for religious renunciates. For example, in the context of the Dashanami Sampradaya sect, the word denotes both martial arts and religious monastic aspects of the trident wielding martial regiment of renunciate sadhus.

Guru–shishya relationship types

There is a variation in the level of authority that may be granted to the guru. The highest is that found in bhakti yoga, and the lowest is in the pranayama forms of yoga such as the Sankara Saranam movement. Between these two there are many variations in degree and form of authority.

Advaita Vedanta

Advaita Vedānta requires anyone seeking to study Advaita Vedānta to do so from a guru (teacher). The guru must have the following qualities:

Śrotriya — must be learned in the Vedic scriptures and sampradaya
Brahmanişţha — figuratively meaning "established in Brahman"; must have realised the oneness of Brahman in everything and in himself.

The seeker must serve the guru and submit his questions with all humility so that doubt may be removed. According to Advaita, the seeker will be able to attain liberation from the cycle of births and deaths (moksha).

Śruti tradition

The guru–shishya tradition plays an important part in the Shruti tradition of Vaidika dharma. The Hindus believe that the Vedas have been handed down through the ages from guru to shishya. The Vedas themselves prescribe for a young brahmachari to be sent to a Gurukul where the Guru (referred to also as acharya) teaches the pupil the Vedas and Vedangas. The pupil is also taught the Prayoga to perform yajnas. The term of stay varies (Manu Smriti says the term may be 12 years, 36 years or 48 years). After the stay at the Gurukul the brahmachari returns home after performing a ceremony called samavartana.

The word Śrauta is derived from the word Śruti meaning that which is heard. The Śrauta tradition is a purely oral handing down of the Vedas, but many modern Vedic scholars make use of books as a teaching tool.

Shaktipat tradition

The guru passes his knowledge to his disciples by virtue of the fact that his purified consciousness enters into the selves of his disciples and communicates its particular characteristic. In this process the disciple is made part of the spiritual family (kula) - a family which is not based on blood relations but on people of the same knowledge.

Bhakti yoga

The best known form of the guru–shishya relationship is that of bhakti. Bhakti (devotion) means surrender to God or guru. Bhakti extends from the simplest expression of devotion to the ego-destroying principle of prapatti, which is total surrender. The bhakti form of the guru–shishya relationship generally incorporates three primary beliefs or practices:

 Devotion to the guru as a divine figure or Avatar.
 The belief that such a guru has transmitted, or will impart moksha, diksha or shaktipat to the (successful) shishya.
 The belief that if the shishya's act of focusing their bhakti upon the guru is sufficiently strong and worthy, then some form of spiritual merit will be gained by the shishya.

Prapatti

In the ego-destroying principle of prapatti (Sanskrit, "Throwing oneself down"), the level of the submission of the will of the shishya to the will of God or the guru is sometimes extreme, and is often coupled with an attitude of personal helplessness, self-effacement and resignation. This doctrine is perhaps best expressed in the teachings of the four Samayacharya saints, who shared a profound and mystical love of Siva expressed by:

 Deep humility and self-effacement, admission of sin and weakness;
 Total surrender to God as the only true refuge; and
 A relationship of lover and beloved known as bridal mysticism, in which the devotee is the bride and Siva the bridegroom.

In its most extreme form it sometimes includes:

 The assignment of all or many of the material possessions of the shishya to the guru.
 The strict and unconditional adherence by the shishya to all of the commands of the guru. An example is the legend that Karna silently bore the pain of a wasp stinging his thigh so as not to disturb his guru Parashurama.
 A system of various titles of implied superiority or deification which the guru assumes, and often requires the shishya to use whenever addressing the guru.
 The requirement that the shishya engage in various forms of physical demonstrations of affection towards the guru, such as bowing, kissing the hands or feet of the guru, and sometimes agreeing to various physical punishments as may sometimes be ordered by the guru.
 Sometimes the authority of the guru will extend to all aspects of the shishya's life, including sexuality, livelihood, social life, etc.

Often a guru will assert that he or she is capable of leading a shishya directly to the highest possible state of spirituality or consciousness, sometimes referred to within Hinduism as moksha. In the bhakti guru–shishya relationship the guru is often believed to have supernatural powers, leading to the deification of the guru.

Buddhism

In the Pali Buddhist tradition, magae the Bhikkus are also known as Sekhas (SN XLVIII.53 Sekha Sutta).
In the Theravada Buddhist tradition, the teacher is a valued and honoured mentor worthy of great respect and a source of inspiration on the path to Enlightenment. In the Tibetan tradition, however, the teacher is viewed as the very root of spiritual realization and the basis of the entire path. Without the teacher, it is asserted, there can be no experience or insight. The guru is seen as Buddha. In Tibetan texts, emphasis is placed upon praising the virtues of the guru. Tantric teachings include generating visualisations of the guru and making offerings praising the guru. The guru becomes known as the vajra (figuratively "diamond") guru, the one who is the source of initiation into the tantric deity. The disciple is asked to enter into a series of vows and commitments that ensure the maintenance of the spiritual link with the understanding that to break this link is a serious downfall.

In Vajrayana (tantric Buddhism) as the guru is perceived as the way itself.  The guru is not an individual who initiates a person, but the person's own Buddha-nature reflected in the personality of the guru. In return, the disciple is expected to show great devotion to his or her guru, who he or she regards as one who possesses the qualities of a Bodhisattva. A guru is regarded as one which has not only mastered the words of the tradition, but one that with which the student has an intense personal relationship; thus, devotion is seen as the proper attitude toward the guru.

The Dalai Lama, speaking of the importance of the guru, said: "Rely on the teachings to evaluate a guru: Do not have blind faith, but also no blind criticism." He also observed that the term 'living Buddha' is a translation of the Chinese words huo fuo.

Psychological aspects
Rob Preece, in The Wisdom of Imperfection, writes that while the teacher/disciple relationship can be an invaluable and fruitful experience, the process of relating to spiritual teachers also has its hazards.

As other authors had done before him, Preece mentions the notion of transference to explain the manner in which the guru/disciple relationship develops from a more Western psychological perspective. He writes:

Preece writes that when we transfer an inner quality onto another person we may be giving that person a power over us as a consequence of the projection, carrying the potential for great insight and inspiration, but also the potential for great danger.

See also

 Apostolic succession
 Sampradaya
 Lineage (Buddhism)
 List of Hindu gurus
 List of Indian yoga gurus

Notes

Further reading

 Federico Squarcini, 2011, Boundaries, Dynamics and Construction of Traditions in South Asia.
 Leela Prasad, 2012, Poetics of Conduct: Oral Narrative and Moral Being in a South Indian Town.
 Monika Horstmann, Heidi Rika Maria Pauwels, 2009, Patronage and Popularisation, Pilgrimage and Procession.

Category:Hindu behaviour and experience
Category:Hindu traditions
Category:Knowledge sharing

pt:Tradição guru-shishya


Hermeric

Hermeric (died 441) was the king of the Suevi in Galicia from perhaps as early as 406 and certainly no later than 419 until his retirement in 438. He was a pagan and an enemy of the Roman Empire throughout his life. He is given a reign of thirty-two years in most manuscripts of Isidore of Seville's Historia Suevorum, but one manuscript does list his reign as fourteen years.

Hermeric led the Suevi across the frozen Rhine along with the Vandals and Alans in December 406. They crossed Gaul and the Pyrenees and settled in Hispania. While Theodore Mommsen believed the Suevi were foederati and Ernst Stein seconded the notion by believing they had made an agreement with the Roman usurper Magnus Maximus whereby they received the western half of Iberia, there is no primary evidence for any alliance between the Suevi and Rome. In 411 (according to Ludwig Schmidt) or 417 (according to Felix Dahn), Hermeric made a treaty with the Roman emperor Honorius, but in fact the only event of note in 411 was the division of Iberia sorte (by lot) between the barbarian peoples. The east of the province of Gallaecia with its capital of Braga (Bracara Augusta) fell to the Suevi, while the west of the province went to the populous Hasdingi.

Between 416 and 418, the Visigoths under Wallia made war on Hermeric on behalf of Rome. In 419, after a personal dispute between Hermeric and the Vandal king Gunderic, the Vandals attacked the Suevi and trapped Hermeric in the Nervasian (Erbasian) Mountains before the Roman general Asterius intervened and the Vandals retreated. Thereafter, until the Vandals left Iberia for Africa in 429, Hermeric remained peaceful, but in 430 he began to raid Gallaecia.

In 431 a Gallaecian named Hydatius went to Flavius Aëtius to plead for help against the Suevi, but Aëtius delayed until 432 the sending of the comes Censorius. According to Hydatius' Chronicle of contemporary events, the Gallaecian plebs in the better-fortified strongpoints defeated Hermeric and his men, inflicting heavy casualties and taking many prisoners, which forced the Sueves to release the Gallaecian families they had taken captive (430).

In 435, "on episcopal intervention", possibly Hydatius', Hermeric made peace with the Gallaecians. In that same year, Hermeric negotiated through the Catholic bishop Symphosius directly with the Western Roman Emperor. In 437, Censorius made a second expedition accompanied by Fretimund.

After seven years of illness, Hermeric was forced to retire from the kingship in 438 and pass it on to his son Rechila. The story, recorded in Isidore, that Hermeric sent Rechila to Baetica to defeat Andevotus, Romanae militiae dux, is false, as there is no contemporary evidence that Hermeric retained any authority after his abdication. There appears to have been no principle of elective monarchy among the Suevi and the successes of their raids may have accounted for the contentment of their people. Hermeric's royal line lasted until 456.

In 429, there appeared briefly a Suevic military leader named Heremigarius operating in Lusitania who may have been a joint monarch with Hermeric, but there is no primary source to prove it.

Notes

Sources

Thompson, E. A.. Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982. .
Kulikowski, Michael. "The Career of the 'Comes Hispaniarum' Asterius." Phoenix, Vol. 54, No. 1/2. (Spring–Summer, 2000), pp. 123–141.

Category:5th-century Suebian kings
Category:441 deaths
Category:Germanic warriors
Category:Year of birth unknown


George Frederic Still

Sir George Frederic Still, KCVO (27 February 1868 – 28 June 1941) was an English paediatrician and author of five medical textbook, and he published hundreds of papers.  Still first described a form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis as well as the common functional Still's murmur, both of which bear his name. He was also one of the first to describe ADHD. He is frequently referred to as the "Father of British Paediatrics".

Early life
Still was born on 27 February 1868 in Highbury, London. He was the only boy of eight children born to George Still and Eliza Still (née Andrew). To distinguish him from his father, the junior Still was known by his middle name Frederic.

Still was awarded a scholarship to attend the Merchant Taylors' School, a boys public school in London. He was from a working class family who would otherwise have not been able to afford the fees. He was further awarded a scholarship to attend Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He matriculated in 1885 and received first-class honours in the Classical Tripos and Winchester Prizeman award during his college years. He graduated with a first class Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1888, and then entered King's College London School of Medicine, graduating in 1893.

Background

In 1897, Still published his doctoral thesis describing a form of childhood febrile arthritis today known as Still's disease. During the Gloulstorian Lectures on the topic of "On Some Abnormal Physical Conditions in Children", Still talks about "moral control" and his lecture is based on the same symptoms that is known as ADHD now.  Still's descriptions are very similar to those of ADHD, but "most of the symptoms listed by Still and described in his cases do not refer to ADHD." Lange and colleagues still state how he was very influential regarding what is now ADHD, and we must give Still credit for contributing to these topics discussed today. Other medical terms named after him include Still's murmur and Still's rash.

During most of his adult life, Still's avocation was reading works from antiquity in their original languages. He studied the "classics" during his undergraduate training which led him to be fluent in Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic. His choice of profession, however, was medicine and he devoted his life to paediatrics, writing prolifically about childhood diseases and serving as Secretary of the Children's Clinical Club. Still worked at Guy's Hospital and the Hospital of Sick Children alongside James Goodhard who was his mentor. His life was dedicated to improving afflicted children's chance at survival, and particularly patients at Great Ormond Street Hospital. He was knighted upon retiring in 1937.

Accomplishments/Publications

 Granted Physician to the royal household and Knight Commander of the Victorian Order by King George VI.
 Established the department for the diseases of childhood at Guys Hospital in 1893.
 Interested in the ability to prevent disability in adults by treating those in kids.
 Taught the first class in the United Kingdom about children's diseases at King's College.
 Invited to give Goutstonion lecture in 1902, later the Lumleian lecture (1918), and the Fitzpatrick Lectures (1928 & 1929).
 Disease now known as Still's was named after Still and is the disease he described in his article "Form of Chronic Joint Disease in Children."
 One of his famous books is titled "Common Disorders and Diseases of Childhood." This book includes topics on breast-feeding, Rickets, intestinal worms, Jaundice in children, Pneumonia, and many more other diseases where he specifically writes about different illnesses.
 Still was awarded the Dawson Williams Prize in 1934.
 He was made an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1937.

These awards boosted his credentials and made him a well-respected pediatrician.

Organisations
Still was involved in many organisations that helped promote his work.  He was the Chairman of the Medical Committee at King's, a part of the Society for Waifs and Strays, and the National Association for the Prevention of Infant Mortality for twenty years.  He also helped give care to families who did not have the funds for treatments. Still hosted a meeting at his home with other paediatric physicians, and was the president of the British Pediatric Association.

Impact
Today, George Frederic Still's ideas are still being applied and accepted worldwide.  Some examples of the disorders that he wrote about are Rickets, Tuberculosis, Stills disease, disorder of speech, ADHD, and many more. Thanks to Still, psychologists and physicians have now been able to expand research and be able to produce with treatment plans as well as expand his knowledge.

Death
Frederic Still died in Salisbury at the age of 73 on 28 June 1941.

References

External links
The Diseases of children (1910), by George Frederic Still
George Frederic Still biographical data compiled from research sources indicated therein

Category:British paediatricians
Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Category:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Category:People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Category:People from Islington (district)
Category:1868 births
Category:1941 deaths


Louis Nicolas le Tonnelier de Breteuil

Louis Nicolas Le Tonnelier, Baron of Breteuil (14 September 1648, in Montpellier – 24 May 1728), baron of Preuilly and of Breteuil was an officer in the royal household of Louis XIV. He is also notable as the father of the mathematician Émilie du Châtelet.

Sources
Marie-Lan Nguyen, Les officiers de la Maison du Roi et le cérémonial public de Henri III à Louis XVI

Category:1648 births
Category:1728 deaths
Category:People from Montpellier
Category:Louis XIV of France


Cohansey Township, New Jersey

Cohansey Township was a township that existed in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States, during two separate periods, from 1697–1748 and from 1848–1865. The name was derived from the Cohansey River, which flows through the area.

The first Cohansey Township was mentioned dating back to May 12, 1697, while the area was still part of Salem County. This first incarnation was dissolved upon the formation of Cumberland County on January 19, 1748.

The second Cohansey Township was incorporated by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 6, 1848, from portions of Hopewell Township. Bridgeton city was incorporated on March 1, 1865, replacing both Bridgeton Township and Cohansey Township, both of which were then dissolved.

References

Category:Geography of Cumberland County, New Jersey
Category:Former townships in New Jersey


List of state leaders in 1839

Africa
Adamawa Emirate - Modibo Adama bi Ardo Hasana (1809-1847)
Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
 Kingdom of Buganda – Suna II (1836–1856)
 Bunyoro – Nyabongo II, Omukama of Bunyoro (1835–1848)
 Kingdom of Burundi – Ntare IV Rugamba (1796–1852)
 Kingdom of Dahomey – Gézo (1818–1856)
Ethiopian Empire -
Kingdom of Jimma - Abba Jifar I (1830-1855)
 Kingdom of Rwanda – Mutara II Rwogera (1830–1853)
 Sokoto Caliphate
Caliph – Abu Bakr Atiku (1837–1842)
Grand Vizier - Gidago dan Laima (1817–1842)
Zulu – Dingane kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1828–1840)

Asia
 Emirate of Afghanistan –
 Dost Mohammad Khan (1826–1839)
 Shoja Shah (1839–1842)
 China (Qing dynasty) - Daoguang Emperor (1821–1850)
 Empire of Japan
Monarch – Ninkō (1817–1846)
Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837–1853)
Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Iku (1829–1847)
Joseon (Korea) – Heonjong (1834–1849)
 Siam – Rama III (1824–1851)

Europe
 Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
 Andorra –
 Simó Rojas de Guardiola i Hortoneda, Bishop of Urgell (1828–1851)
 Louis-Philippe I of France (1830–1848)
 Austrian Empire – Ferdinand I (1835–1848)
 Chancellor - Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Chancellor of Austria (1821–1848)
 Kingdom of Bavaria –
Monarch – Ludwig I (1825–1848)
Prime Minister – Karl von Abel (1837–1847)
 Belgium
Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1834–1840, 1846–1847)
 Kingdom of Denmark
 Monarch -
 Frederick VI (1808–1839)
 Christian VIII (1839–1848)
 Minister of State - Otto Joachim Moltke (1824–1842)
 Kingdom of France –
Monarch – Louis Philippe I (1830–1848)
Prime Minister -
 Louis-Mathieu Molé (1836–1839)
 Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1839–1840)
 German Confederation
 Kingdom of Greece – Otto (1832–1862)
 Kingdom of Hanover – Ernest Augustus (1837–1851)
 United Kingdom of the Netherlands – William I (1815–1840)
 Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
Sultan -
 Mahmud II (1808–1839)
 Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
Grand Vizier -
 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1833–1839)
 Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha (1839–1841)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
Monarch – Maria II (1826–1828; 1828–1834 in opposition; 1834–1853)
President of the Council of Ministers -
 Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (1837–1839)
 Baron of Sabrosa  (1839)
 Count of Bonfim (1839–1841)
 Kingdom of Prussia –
Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III (1797–1840)
Chief Minister - Carl Friedrich Heinrich, Graf von Wylich und Lottum (1823–1841)
Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III (1797–1840)
Chief Minister – Karl Friedrich Heinrich von Wylich, Cabinet Minister (1823–1841)
Russian Empire – Nicholas I (1825–1855)
 Kingdom of Saxony – Frederick Augustus (1836–1854)
Principality of Serbia – Miloš Obrenović I (1817–1839, 1858–1860)
Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (1833–1868)
 Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XIV John (1818–1844)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Leopold II (1824–1859)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
 Prime Minister - William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1835–1841)
 Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)

Middle East and North Africa
 Abu Dhabi –
 Co-Shaikh – Khalifa bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1833–1845)
 Co-Shaikh – Sultan bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1833–1845)
 Ajman – Humayd ibn Rashid, Shaikh of Ajman (1838–1841)
 Bahrain – Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah, Shaikh of Bahrain (1834–1842)
 Egypt Eyalet – Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1848)
 Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
 Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
 Mount Lebanon Emirate (Under Ottoman Empire suzerainty)- Bashir ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (1822–1840)
 Sultanate of Oman – Sa'id II ibn Sultan (1804–1856)
Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Mohammad Shah Qajar (1834–1848)

North America
Federal Republic of Central America – Francisco Morazán, President of Central America (1830–1839)
Costa Rica – Braulio Carrillo Colina, Head of State of Costa Rica (1838–1842)
 Mexico -
Anastasio Bustamante, President of Mexico (1837–1839)
Antonio López de Santa Anna, President of Mexico (1839)
Nicolás Bravo, President of Mexico (1839)
Anastasio Bustamante, President of Mexico (1839–1841)
 Republic of Texas – Mirabeau B. Lamar President of the Republic of Texas (1838–1841)
 United States of America – Martin Van Buren, President of the United States (1837–1841)

South America

Argentine Confederation – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of Buenos Aires Province in charge of the Foreign Relations of the Argentine Confederation (1835–1851)
 Empire of Brazil –
Pedro II (1831–1889), still a minor
Regent: Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda (1837–1840)
 Bolivia –
Andrés de Santa Cruz (1829–1839)
 ...
 Chile – José Joaquín Prieto Vial, President of Chile (1831–1840, 1840–1841)
 Ecuador –
Vicente Rocafuerte (1834–1839)
 ...
 Paraguay – Perpetual Supreme Dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)
Uruguay –
Fructuoso Rivera, President of Uruguay (1838–1839)
Gabriel Antonio Pereira, President of Uruguay (1839)
Fructuoso Rivera, President of Uruguay (1839–1843)

Oceania
 Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha III (1823–1854)
 Samoa – Malietoa Vai'inupo (?-1841)
 Tonga – Aleamotuʻa, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1827–1845)


Passengers (2008 film)

Passengers is a 2008 American-Canadian romantic mystery thriller film directed by Rodrigo García, written by Ronnie Christensen, and starring Anne Hathaway and Patrick Wilson. It was released in the United States by TriStar Pictures on October 24, 2008.

Plot
Psychotherapist Claire Summers counsels five survivors of a recent plane crash: passengers Dean, Norman, Shannon, Eric, and flight attendant Janice. Eric, however, seems unusually upbeat after the tragedy. Claire meets with Mr. Arkin, an airline official, to confirm which parts of the survivors' differing recollections about the crash are accurate. Arkin claims pilot error caused the crash. Claire is asked to speak with Eric while he is getting examined at the hospital. She notices Eric's attraction to her, but is suspicious when he reveals personal information about her.

When Dean misses the next session, Norman believes the airline is targeting the surviving passengers to cover up the airline having a history of negligent mechanical failures. The passengers had originally remembered nothing odd happening before the crash, but they start to remember an engine exploding. Later, Claire is conflicted between her role as counselor and growing personal feelings for Eric. A kindly neighbor urges her to take a chance with him.

At the following session, Norman is absent, leaving only Janice and Shannon. Mr. Arkin warns Claire against feeding the airline coverup theory to the remaining survivors. Claire later spends time with Eric on his boat and reciprocates his romantic feelings.

Claire has left several unanswered voice mail messages for her estranged sister, Emma, indicating she wants to reconcile. She goes to Emma's house, but no one seems to be home. Claire then meets another crash survivor and takes him to see Mr. Arkin. The man angrily blames Arkin for the crash, which he denies. The man suddenly disappears, confusing Claire.

Eric notices a dog staring at him from outside, and recognizes the dog as a pet that had died when he was younger. He then returns to the crash site and experiences frightening memories. Meanwhile, Shannon is the only one at the next session. Eric arrives and Claire takes him and Shannon to her apartment. Eric believes he died in the crash. To prove it, he claims he jumped in front of a train and survived uninjured; he tells Claire to leave him alone.

When Shannon disappears, a neighbor says she left with a man and woman. Claire goes to her supervisor who is convinced she has latched onto the conspiracy theory. At Emma's house, Claire sees Mr. Arkin, who says pilot error caused the crash. Arkin departs but leaves his briefcase behind. Claire becomes hysterical after finding a ledger inside listing all the passengers, including her, who died in the crash. Mr. Arkin was the pilot.

Claire finds Eric on his boat. He explains that he withheld telling her that they and the other passengers died in the crash because everyone had to discover it individually. Deceased people and even pets from their pasts (unrecognized by the recently deceased) helped them to understand and accept death. The people Claire spoke to (including her aunt, the kindly neighbor) were dead friends or relatives. She and Eric sail from the harbor to cross over to heaven.

A flashback shows Claire and Eric in adjacent seats on the plane, along with the other passengers and crew. During the flight, Claire and Eric develop an attraction. When the plane depressurizes, Eric assures her they will be alright just before the screen fades to white.

The film ends with the landlord letting Emma and her husband into Claire's apartment. Emma finds a note Claire was planning to send to make peace with her.

Cast
 Anne Hathaway as Claire Summers
 Patrick Wilson as Eric Clark
 Clea DuVall as Shannon
 Andre Braugher as Perry Jackson
 Chelah Horsdal as Janice
 David Morse as Arkin
 Dianne Wiest as Toni
 William B. Davis as Eric's grandfather
 Ryan Robbins as Dean
 Don Thompson as Norman
 Brad Turner as Shannon's father
 Claire Smithies as Shannon's mother

Music

The film's score is composed by Edward Shearmur.
 "The Wreckage"
 "Group Therapy"
 "House Call"
 "What Do You Remember?"
 "Norman"
 "At the Museum"
 "Giving Eric the Key"
 "Eric at Midnight"
 "Arkin"
 "Rooftop"
 "Motorcycle Fix"
 "Norman's House"
 "Eric Remembers"
 "Porch"
 "Epiphany"
 "At Peace"
 "End Titles"

Release

Box office
Passengers was released in 125 theaters on October 24, 2008 in United States and Canada and earned $173,544 on the opening weekend. The film grossed a total of $5,787,152: $292,437 from domestic location and $5,494,715 from overseas locations.

Critical response

The film received generally negative critical reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 19% approval rating based on 31 reviews, with an average score of 4.05/10. By comparison, Metacritic reports a score of 40 out of 100 based on 8 reviews.

References

External links

Category:2008 films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:2000s thriller films
Category:American disaster films
Category:American thriller films
Category:American aviation films
Category:Films scored by Edward Shearmur
Category:Films directed by Rodrigo García
Category:Films shot in Vancouver
Category:Mandate Pictures films
Category:TriStar Pictures films


Nursery, Texas

Nursery is an unincorporated community in Victoria County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Victoria Metropolitan Statistical Area.

On April 12, 1833, Silvestre De León and his wife Rosalie received a 4,428-acre tract of land from the Mexican government. Nursery was founded in 1884 on part of that land.

The Nursery Independent School District serves area elementary school students in grades kindergarten through five, while sixth- through 12th-graders attend the nearby district of Cuero.

References

External links

Category:Unincorporated communities in Texas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Victoria County, Texas
Category:Victoria, Texas metropolitan area


Winchester Thurston School

Winchester Thurston School is an independent, coeducational preparatory school located on two campuses: one in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the other in the Allison Park neighborhood of Hampton Township. Established in 1887, Winchester Thurston offers PK–12 education in the Lower, Middle, and Upper School campuses in the city and PK–5 at the North Campus in the suburbs. The school is a member of the Pittsburgh Consortium of Independent Schools.

History

Winchester Thurston has its origins in the founding of the all-girls Thurston Preparatory School by Alice M. Thurston in Shadyside in 1887. The Winchester School was founded separately, also in Shadyside, as a coeducational school 1902. The two schools merged to produce the all-girls Winchester Thurston School in 1935. The school moved to its current Shadyside campus, formerly the site of Shady Side Academy, in the fall of 1967. The school added its second Lower School campus in Allison Park in 1988. Winchester Thurston became co-educational in 1991.

The Winchester Thurston School has had several new additions in the past including the Main Building in 1963, a science wing in 1987. A new turf field used during all seasons was also constructed called Garland Field. The school has plenty of notable features including three libraries, an art gallery, Mellon Gymnasium, an athletics hall of fame, a solarium, a learning garden, a dance studio, the Hillman Dining Hall, Lower, Middle, and Upper school science labs, and three computer labs.

City as our Campus
The school's City as our Campus program provides opportunities for students to interact throughout the city of Pittsburgh as researchers, artists, communicators, and advocates in the cultural, political, and economic life of the city. This is a Pre-Kindergarten through grade 12 initiative. Representative projects include:

Lower School - exploring how the city is interconnected by meeting with community members and travelling to locations throughout the city including Carnegie Mellon University, WQED, and Churchview Farm

Middle School - producing educational videos for ALCOSAN and working with the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy to rebuild the Frick Environmental Center and to build a green bus shelter near the corner of Forbes and Braddock Avenues.

Upper School - inventing and programming applications for Android devices and then collaborating with other students from around the region, allowing them to teach one another, collaborate on ideas, and solve problems together. WT has worked partnered with students from South Fayette School District and the Pittsburgh Public Schools; the plan is for each participating school to mentor another school the following year, passing along the knowledge they acquire throughout the region.

Arts
Winchester Thurston has numerous performing and visual arts programs. Winchester Thurston has received Gene Kelly awards and nominations for their theater performances.

The performing arts curriculum includes dance and music in the Lower School and the opportunity to participate in orchestra and chorus. In the Middle School students take one trimester each of dance, drama, and music; students can also take chorus, orchestra, and dance ensemble. Each year there is a Middle School Musical allowing students to participate in all aspects of a full-length theatrical production. In the Upper School, the curriculum emphasizes the historical and theoretical foundations of the performing arts; students may participate in orchestra, chorus, dance ensemble, jazz band, and guitar ensemble.

The visual arts at Winchester include the Winchester Thurston Art Gallery and Evenings of the Arts. The curriculum includes graphic art, basic acrylic painting, contemporary sculpture, decorative glass, and photography.

Athletics
The interscholastic sports program provides opportunities for Middle and Upper School students to represent WT on the courts, tracks, and fields of the Pittsburgh area.

In 2014, the school held its inaugural Hall of Fame induction. The following student-athletes were honored:

Emily Dorrance '93 and Julie Pett-Ridge '93;
Haley Surti '97;
Cassandra "Cassy" R. Davis '01;
2007 Boys Lacrosse Team;
G. Gray Garland.

On Saturday, November 1, 2014, the WT's boys cross country team won the PIAA Class A Boys state championship. That same afternoon, the soccer team won the WPIAL Class A soccer championship against Sewickley Academy.

WT fields athletes in crew, cross country, field hockey, golf, soccer, tennis, basketball, fencing, squash, lacrosse, and track.

Before and after School Opportunities
WT after 3 is an after school program for Lower, Middle, and Upper School students. WT faculty instructors and expert external specialists offer programs that complement WT's curriculum, build academic skills, develop creativity, and strengthen athletic ability. Recent programs include: Reptile Mania, movie Quest with Pittsburgh Filmmakers, Lacrosse Clinics, and Physics for Young Scientists.

Lower School Homework Lab is available for students in grades 3 - 5, Monday through Friday form 3:15 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. A teacher is on hand to supervise a group of students as they complete their homework.

Extended Day is available at the North Campus for students in Pre-K - grade 5 and at the City Campus for students in Pre-K - grade 2. It is in operation on all regularly scheduled school days. Morning care operates from 7:30 - 8:00 a.m. and is provided as a free service to parents who need to drop off their children before the start of the regular school day. The afternoon program operates from 3:15 - 6:00 p.m. (2:30 - 6:00 p.m. for Pre-K).

Middle School Supervised Study is offered for students in grades 6 - 8, Monday through Friday from 3:30 - 6:00 p.m. A proctor is on hand to supervise students as they complete their research, projects, and homework.

Music Arts Program: WT arranges for and coordinates professional, private music lessons for beginning through advanced students in grades 1 - 12, during and after school. The program includes lessons in clarinet, flute, guitar, percussion, piano, saxophone, trumpet, drum set, violin, bass guitar, voice, and other requested instruments when available.

Summer Camp
Winchester Thurston offers summer camps for campers ages 3 -- 18 at the North Hills and City Campuses. Options include adventure and play, sports and physical fitness, creative and visual arts, and academics. All programs are designed and taught by WT's faculty and educational partners. Examples of camps include Curious George, Junior Detectives, Jedi Knight Training, Saddle Club Horse Camp, Pets and Vets, Flag Football, and Tennis.

North Campus Camps:

- for campers age 3 -- rising 5th grade

- half and full-day programs

- options for lunch, transportation, before- and after-camp care

City Campus Camps:

- for campers entering grades 6 -- 12

- half and full-day programs

- options for before- and after-camp care

References

External links
 Official Winchester Thurston School website

Category:Private elementary schools in Pennsylvania
Category:Middle schools in Pittsburgh
Category:High schools in Pittsburgh
Category:Educational institutions established in 1887
Category:Educational institutions established in 1902
Category:Educational institutions established in 1935
Category:Private high schools in Pennsylvania
Category:Private middle schools in Pennsylvania
Category:Preparatory schools in Pennsylvania
Category:1935 establishments in Pennsylvania


Co-op Atlantic

Co-op Atlantic is a Canadian collectively owned consumers' cooperative. The cooperative is legally owned by its members and controlled by a board of directors. The head offices of Co-op Atlantic are located in Moncton, New Brunswick.

History
The company was founded in 1927 in Moncton as a small Agricultural supply agricultural co-operative whose main idea was to provide a means for local farmers to promote their livestock. Today the group has 128 member co-operative enterprises across Atlantic Canada and Quebec.

In 2015, Sobeys acquired the company's store and gas units.

Main enterprises
The following is a list of the main enterprises.

References

See also
List of Canadian supermarkets

Category:Companies based in Moncton
Category:Consumers' co-operatives of Canada


Celebrity Duets: Philippine Edition

Celebrity Duets is a Philippine television interactive reality-based singing competition show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Ogie Alcasid and Regine Velasquez, it premiered on August 11, 2007. The show concluded on November 14, 2009. It was replaced by Kakasa Ka Ba Sa Grade 5? in its time slot.

Overview
Celebrity Duets is a progressive game-show type, which will be played by famous personalities of different backgrounds and different fields in our industry who knows how to sing, who will be singing with different professional singers in a weekly elimination competition and try to influence the votes of the viewers.

The winner will get to choose a charity of his/her choice and donate in whole or in part of one million pesos.

Cast

Season 1

Hosts
Ogie Alcasid
Regine Velasquez

Judges
Mitch Valdez - Comedian and stage performer
Louie Ocampo - Composer and arranger
Buboy Garovillo - Member of APO Hiking Society

Contestants

Notes
 On October 20, 2007 finals night, three contestants competed for the title of Celebrity Duets Champion.

Duet partners

Season 2

Hosts
 Ogie Alcasid
 Regine Velasquez

Judges
 Freddie Santos - Veteran concert & theatre director
 Danny Tan - Renowned composer & arranger
 Tessa Prieto-Valdez - Celebrity Duets 1st grand winner & socialite

Contestants

Duet partners

Season 3

Hosts
 Ogie Alcasid
 Regine Velasquez

Judges
 Freddie Santos - Veteran concert & theatre director
 Danny Tan - Renowned composer & arranger
 Tessa Prieto-Valdez - Celebrity Duets 1st grand winner & socialite

Contestants

Duet partners

Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the final episode of Celebrity Duets: Philippine Edition scored a 17.8% rating.

References

Category:GMA Network shows
Category:2007 Philippine television series debuts
Category:2009 Philippine television series endings
Category:Philippine reality television series
Category:Philippine television series based on American television series
Category:Television series by Fremantle (company)
Category:Filipino-language television programs


Gino Santercole

Gino Santercole (21 November 1940 – 8 June 2018) was an Italian singer/songwriter, guitarist, and actor.  He was well known for his breakthrough hit "Questo vecchio pazzo mondo" ("This old crazy world"), a cover of P.F. Sloan's "Eve of Destruction," and for the song "Such a Cold Night Tonight" that he sang in the movie Yuppi Du.

Life

Early life

Santercole was born in Milan, Italy, on 21 November 1940. His family is originally from the south eastern region of  Apulia. Santercole's mother, Rosa, was the sister of the singer, comedian, and movie director Adriano Celentano.

Santercole lost his father as a child. He spent some years in college, and was then forced to go to work by himself. He was fond of rock'n'roll, and in his free time he learned to play the guitar.

Celentano recruited Santercole for his group, the Rock Boys, when his second guitarist, Ico Cerutti, left the group. Santercole became a Rock Boy just in time to participate in the First Italian Festival of Rock and Roll, held on 18 May 1957 at the Via Piranesi Ice Palace in Milan. Record producer Walter Guertler was in the festival audience, and signed the Rock Boys to a recording contract right after the show.

The Rebels and the solo debut
The Rock Boys evolved into the Rebels, who backed up Celentano and other singers such as Ricky Clem Sacco and Gianco. Celentano began a solo career and soon Santercole became the group's lead guitarist.

Santercole began singing as well; the first song he sang on was "Sono un fallito" ("I am a Failure"), a cover of Ray Charles's "Busted." That was followed by his own solo single, 'Silver Star', in December 1964, which got good airplay and chart success in early 1965. In 1965 he released a solo EP, credited to Santercole with Celentano and Don Backy.

Then in 1966 Santercole sang on and released the single "Questo vecchio pazzo mondo" ("This old crazy world"). The song is a cover of the folk-rock/protest song written by P.F. Sloan, 'Eve of Destruction' which became a hit when covered by Barry McGuire in 1966. Santercole performs the song in Cantagiro in 1967. Celentano used the same music tracks and lyrics in 1984 on his album I miei americani (My American), a collection of U.S. hits translated into Italian, and again in the first episode of his 1999 television show,   Francamente me ne infischio (Frankly I don't care) in 1999.

In 1966, Santercole participated in Festival di Sanremo with his uncle, Ico Cerutti and Pilade, performing "Il ragazzo della via Gluck" ("The Kid from Gluck Street") under the name Trio of Clan; however, they are eliminated in the early evening.

Meanwhile, the kinship with Celentano is strengthened. Celentano separated from his Milena Cantù and married actress and singer Claudia Mori, while Santercole fell in love with and married Mori's sister, Anna Moroni (becoming the brother-in-law of his uncle). Anna Santercole will bear him two sons.

Composer and actor

Santercole has written many famous and significant songs of Italian music, including some of great success. His first success was "A Caress into a Fist" ("Una carezza in un pugno"), initially recorded by Celantano as a B-side in 1968. The song has become an evergreen of Italian pop music is, having been used several times by Celentano in his television programs. In 1992 the singer and Fiorello imitator included a new cover of "A Caress into a Fist"  on his album Again fake.

"A Caress into a Fist" was the first song Santercole wrote. He had never tried to write a song, because he did not believe he could. One day, though, when learning a new song – Bert Kaempfert's "Strangers in the Night"—on guitar, he found himself varying notes and finally playing a completely different song, the one that became "A Caress into a Fist".

Other hits followed: "Svalutation", a rock song with electric guitar, on his 1976 album (which also contained his songs "The Boat" and "Room 21"), "A boy on the Lion", and "Remarkably" (written initially for Mina, with lyrics by Luciano Beretta).

Santercole also composed music for movies. He is credited with the soundtracks of Segni Particolari: Bellisimo (Distinguishing Features: Beautiful) (1983) and  Joan Lui – Ma Un Giorno Nel Paese Arrivo 10 Di Lunedi (1985). In addition he did numerous work on the music of  Celentano's films; a highlight being his hit "Such a Cold Night Tonight" (which Santercole sang in English), from the movie Yuppi du.

In 1969, Santercole also began an acting career. While he had previously played cameos and parts, his first substantial role came in the 1969 film Serafino (Seraphim). One day he visited Celentano, who had landed a role in the movie, on set; the director, Paolo Germi, saw him, thought he had a good face, and cast him as the Sergeant.

As an actor, Santercole has worked with directors like Pietro Germi, Dino Risi, Giuliano Montaldo, Luigi Comencini, Luciano Salce, and Mario Monicelli. He has cast credits in four movies: Mani Di Velluto (1979), Yuppi du (1975), Il Commisario Pepe (1969), and Serafino (1969).

Return to television and reconciliation with Celentano

In 1999 Santercole collaborated on the new album by Pio Trebbi, lead singer of the Clan Celentano, who was experiencing economic difficulties: the two wrote the song "The Last of the Clan'. To help, Santercole contacted Celentano, who decided to join the two in an episode of his television program Francamente me ne infischio. The symbol of peace between the two after that in the past there had been some disagreements.

On 22 January 2007 Santercole agreed to participate with Varese at a celebration of the 50th anniversary of rock 'n' roll in Italy, along with Pennant, the Rebels, Rosie, Ghigo Agosti, and others. In September 2008 Santercole was a guest at the Festival in Venice with Adriano Celentano for the new release of Yuppi Du. 2009 in June he hosted the programme of Rai Two Stracult Show of Marco Giusti German in a sketch comedian with Stefano Sarcinelli and Nicola Vicidomini.

On 13 April 2010 Santercole released a new album, titled Nobody is Alone, on which he had composed all of the music. (Mimmo Politanò wrote the lyrics).

Discography

With the Rebels
45s
1960 Rebels in blues/blue shirt -(Italdisc, IR-69)
1961 Henry VIII/200 per hour -(Boško Peraica, QB 8031)
1962 La cavalcata/Serenata a Valle Chiara -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24002)
1963 at nine o'clock in the bar/Danny boy – Clan Celentano/I Rebels, R 6000; (The b-side is credited to Christmas Befanino and the Raebels)
1964 who is la ragazza del Clan?/quella donna -(Clan Celentano/I Rebels, R 6002)

LPs
1968 I Ribelli – (Dischi Ricordi, SMRP 9052)
1988 I Ribelli live – (CGD, LSM1315)

CDs
 2002: I Ribelli (The Rebels). (Sony/BMG 191192)
 2010: Cantano Adriano (Sing Adriano). (Indie Europe/Zoom 7794766)

Solo
45s
1964: attached to ceiling/If you want -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24017)
1964: Silver Star/without shoes -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24020)
1965: Oh Rose ' Rosetta/ladies and gentlemen -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24025)
1966: this old crazy world/our time -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24042)
1967: the fight of love/soul -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24056)
1968: Jane and John/how beautiful the day -(Clan Celentano, ACC 24076)
1969: Poor Gino/Barbara -(Clan Celentano, BF 69024)
1970: the King of fantasy/how sad night -(Clan Celentano, BF 69045)
1975: Such a cold night tonight/the ballad -(Clan CelentanoCLN 3040)
1978: Giovanna/Uacci-du amor -(Valiant, ZBV 7087)
1980: Change for change, no!/Ancora us -(MONLupus, 4909; with Blue Valente)
1981: Adriano t set fire/the love -(Cherry White, CB-85; with Blue Valente)
1982: Love is blue/Cavomba -(DailyMusic, DLM-31014 Blue;)
2010: nobody is only -(Sony)
EPs
1965: Hi guys/who have it with me/I'm a failure/I want to sleep (-Hi! Boys, ACC-SP-25002; with Adriano Celentano and Don Backy; Santercole sings "I'm a failure")
CDs
2000: Gino Santercole. (D'azur 1525) TBP series Yesterdays; re-recording with new arrangements of the biggest hits)
2005: Il Meglio (The Best). (DV More). UPC 8014406624564
2010: Nessuno è solo (No one is alone). (Sony Music).
Soundtracks
1983: Segni Particolari: Bellisimo (Distinguishing Features: Beautiful) (CGD Records 20406) (Cetra LPX 119).
1985: Joan Lui – ma un giorno nel paese arrivo io di lunedì (Joan Lui – but one day I arrive in the country on Monday).

 Filmography

1960: San Remo, la grande sfida (San Remo, the Great Challenge) (dir. Piero Vivarelli) - himself
1961: Io bacio... tu baci (I Kiss ... You Kiss) (dir. Piero Vivarelli)
1963: Uno strano tipo (A Strange Kind) (dir. Lucio Fulci) - himself
1964: Cleopazza (dir. Carlo Moscovini)
1964: Super rapina a Milano (Super Heist in Milan) (dir.  Adriano Celentano and Piero Vivarelli) - Gino
1968: Rose rosse per il führer (Red Roses for the Fuhrer) (dir. Fernando di Leo) - British parachutist
1968: Serafino (Seraphim) (dir. Pietro Germi) - Sergeant
1969: Il commisario Pepe (Police Chief Pepe) (dir. Ettore Scolo) - Oreste
1969: Infanzia, vocazione e prime esperienze di Giacomo Casanova, veneziano (Childhood, vocation and early experiences of Giacomo Casanova, Venetian) (dir. Luigi Comencini) - Baffo
1969: Il giovane normale (The Normal Young Man) (dir. Dino Risi) - Giorgio
1971: Er più – Storia d'amore e di coltello (Er more: Story of love and a Knife) (dir. Sergio Corbucci) - Verdicchio
1972: Il sindacalista (The Union) (dir. Luciano Salce) - Operaio
1973: Il delitto Matteoti (Matteoti's Murder) (dir. Florestano Vancini) - Fascist
1973: Li chiamavano i tre moschettieri... invece erano quattro (They Were Called Three Musketeers ... But They Were Four) (dir. Silvio Amadio) - Athos
1974: I figli di nessuno (Nobody's Children) (dir. Bruno Gaburro)
1974: Sesso in testa (Sex Head) (dir. Sergio Ammirata [and Fernando de Leo]) - Diana's boyfriend
1974: Milano odia: la polizia non può sparare (Almost Human) (dir. Umberto Lenzi) - Vittorio
1975: Yuppi du (dir. Adriano Celentano [and Miky del Prety]) - Napoleone
1975: Amore vuol dir gelosia (Love is the Meaning of Jealousy) (dir. Mauro Severino) - Amos
1975: Labbra di lurido blu (Lips of Lurid Blue) (dir. Alberto) - Alberto
1976: L'Agnese va a morire (And Agnes Chose to Die) (dir. Giuliano Montaldo) - Piròn
1978: Un amore così fragile, così violento (A Love So Fragile, So Violent (dir. Leros Pittoni) - Russo
1978: Geppo il folle (Geppo the Crazy) (dir. Adriano Celentano) - First journalist
1978: Viaggio con Anita (Travels with Anita) (dir. Mario Monicelli) - Camionista
1979: Mani di velluto (Velvet Hands) (dir. Franco Castellano and Giuseppe Moccia) - Leo di Giordano
1979: Switch (dir. Giuseppe Collizi) - Annibale
1979: Super Andy, il fratello brutto di Superman (Super Andy, Superman's Bad Brother) (dir. Paolo Banchini) - Superkid
1979: Profumo e balocchi (Perfume and Toys) (dir. Angelo Jacono) - Monica Father
1980: Sono fotogenico (I'm Photogenic) (dir. Dino Risi) - Sergio
1982: Marco Polo (TV mini-series, dir. Giuliano Montaldo) - Giuseppe
1987: Fantastico 8 (TV Mini-Series, dir. Luigi Bonori) - himself
1988: Rally (TV Series, dir. Sergio Martino)
2004: Diritto di Difesa (Right of Defense) (TV Series, dir. Gianfrancesco Lazotti and Donatella Maiorca)
2010: De Sancta Quiete'' - (final film role)

Except where noted, film information courtesy of Internet Movie Database..

References

External links

 More Gino Santercole on YouTube
 Eve Of Destruction & Italian versions
 More on Gino Santercole's Eve Of Destruction translation & cover

Category:1940 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Italian composers
Category:Italian male composers
Category:Italian male singers
Category:Italian-language singers
Category:Singers from Milan


West of Thunder

West of Thunder (2012) is an independent American feature-length Western film produced by Sunka Wakan Dragonfly Film Studios.

Cast
The film stars Dan Davies as Henry Seed, co-starring Corbin Conroy, Clifford Henry, Crispian Belfrage, Sadie Kaye, Michael Worth and Raffaello DeGruttola.

Crew
Jody Marriott Bar-Lev produced and co-directs the film with Steve Russell. Bar-Lev co-wrote the film with Dan Davies.
Michael Blake, Oscar-winning screenwriter for Dances with Wolves, was the film's Creative Advisor and John Stanier is the film's Director of Photography.

Production
The film was shot in Los Angeles and on location in the Badlands of South Dakota 2011-2012. It premiered in New York July 2012, followed by Los Angeles in September 2012.

Reception
In his review of the film for the Los Angeles Times Mark Olsen wrote: "... "West of Thunder" is a strangely earnest revenge picture, a kindhearted Western with its fair share of killing. ... Directed by Jody Marriott Bar-Lev (also a co-writer) and Steve Russell (also co-cinematographer with John Stanier), the film feels not so much amateurish as homespun, made with a sincerity that smoothes over at least some of its rough edges."

Kristina Bravo of The Village Voice considered: "West of Thunder is 84 minutes of an extended high school drama-class project that includes history lessons, incongruous literature lectures, and much awkward dialogue interspersed with shots of natural landscape and sprinting animals. ...it becomes increasingly hard to take what is unraveling as a serious film."

Shelli Sonstein of New York's Q104.3 FM remarked: "...it's a really unusual movie ...with  an interesting twist. There is a spiritual voice in this movie that I had not heard before or seen before in a movie, so it's done in a really  creative way. It reminds us of our history and it also reminds us of  the reality of today for the Lakota...very educational."

Awards
The film was in the final selection for the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival. In October 2012 it was nominated for "Best Film on Human Rights" and "Best Film on Peace" by the USA Political Film Society. The film headlined the Red Nation Film Festival in Los Angeles and the American Indian Festival in San Francisco November 2012.

References

External links
West of Thunder on IMDB
Article in the Native Times

Category:American Western (genre) films
Category:2010s Western (genre) films
Category:American films


Electoral district of Mulgoa

Mulgoa is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Tanya Davies of the Liberal Party.

Mulgoa includes the suburbs of Abbotsbury, Austral, Badgerys Creek, Cecil Hills, Cecil Park, Eastern Creek, Elizabeth Hills, Erskine Park, Glenmore Park, Horsley Park, Kemps Creek, Luddenham, Middleton Grange, Mount Vernon, Mulgoa, Orchard Hills, Regentville, St Clair, Wallacia and West Hoxton.

Mulgoa was originally created 1988, but was abolished in 1991, when it was largely replaced by Badgerys Creek. It was recreated in 1999, largely replacing Badgerys Creek.

Members for Mulgoa

Election results

References

Mulgoa
Mulgoa
Category:1988 establishments in Australia
Mulgoa
Category:1991 disestablishments in Australia
Mulgoa
Category:1999 establishments in Australia


Bloodlust

Bloodlust may refer to:

Human hematophagy
Vampire lifestyle
 Bloodlust!, a 1961 thriller film
 Bloodlust, the home video title of the 1981 film Docteur Jekyll et les femmes
 Bloodlust (1992 film), a 1992 Australian vampire film
 Bloodlust: Subspecies III, a 1994 horror film
 Bloodlust (Through the Eyes of the Dead album), 2005
 Bloodlust (Body Count album), 2017
 Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust, a 2000 Japanese animated film
 "Bloodlust" (Supernatural), an episode of the television series Supernatural
 Bloodlust:Shadowhunter, a 2015 Game for PC Windows
 Bloodlust:Nemesis, a 2019 Game for PC Windows
 Bloodlust: A level in Geometry Dash, made by Manix648 and some other people. It is the 5th hardest rated level in the game.

See also
 Berserker


Likferd

Likferd is the fourth and final full-length studio album by Norwegian black metal band Windir, which was released in 2003. It was the last official album released by Windir before the death of vocalist Valfar.

Track listing
All songs written by Valfar & Hvàll.

Personnel
 Valfar – vocals and additional instruments
 Hvàll – bass
 Steingrim – drums
 Sture – rhythm guitar
 Strom – lead guitar
 Righ – synth

Additional personnel
 Cosmocrator – clean vocals
 Tom Kvalsvoll - mastering
 Thorbjørn Akkerhaugen - mixing, co-producer
 Stig Ese - producer, mixing

References

Category:Windir albums
Category:2003 albums


Yuri Kokoyev

Yuri Yuryevich Kokoyev (; born 21 August 1980) is a former Russian football player.

External links

Category:1980 births
Category:People from Tskhinvali
Category:Living people
Category:Russian footballers
Category:FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
Category:Russian Premier League players
Category:FC Zhemchuzhina Sochi players
Category:FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
Category:Association football forwards
Category:FC Dynamo Stavropol players
Category:FC Spartak-UGP Anapa players


Damián Yáñez

Damián Gustavo Yáñez (born July 31, 1972, in Lanús in Buenos Aires, Argentina), played football for clubs in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador.

Teams
 Talleres de Remedios de Escalada 1990–1993
 All Boys 1994–1995
 Chacarita Juniors 1995–1996
 Racing Club 1996–1997
 Cobreloa 1997–1998
 Deportes Temuco 1999
 Defensa y Justicia 1999–2000
 All Boys 2000–2002
 Deportivo Morón 2002
 Cobresal 2003
 Aurora 2004
 Olmedo 2005
 Talleres de Remedios de Escalada 2005–2007
 Douglas Haig 2007–2009

References
 Profile at BDFA
 Profile at Futbol XXI

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:Argentine expatriate footballers
Category:Talleres de Remedios de Escalada footballers
Category:Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Category:Deportivo Morón footballers
Category:Defensa y Justicia footballers
Category:Chacarita Juniors footballers
Category:Douglas Haig footballers
Category:All Boys footballers
Category:Club Aurora players
Category:C.D. Olmedo footballers
Category:Cobreloa footballers
Category:Cobresal footballers
Category:Deportes Temuco footballers
Category:Chilean Primera División players
Category:Argentine Primera División players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Chile
Category:Expatriate footballers in Bolivia
Category:Expatriate footballers in Ecuador
Category:Association football midfielders


Ellis Reynolds Shipp

Ellis Reynolds Shipp MD FAAP  (January 20, 1847 – January 31, 1939) was one of the first female doctors in Utah and west of the Mississippi.  She founded the School of Nursing and Obstetrics in 1879, and was on the board of the Deseret Hospital Association. Shipp successfully combined motherhood and a medical practice, saying, "It is to me the crowning joy of a woman’s life to be a mother." In her 50-year medical career, she delivered more than 5000 babies, and led the School of Nursing and Obstetrics to train more than 500 women as licensed midwives.

Biography
Born Ellis Reynolds, she emigrated with her family to Utah Territory in 1852. Her family was among the early Mormon pioneer settlers of Pleasant Grove, Utah. In 1866, Ellis Reynolds married Milford Shipp. She bore a total of ten children, six of whom survived infancy.

Shipp began studying at the University of Deseret, and later in Philadelphia at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1875. She left her children behind in Utah Territory in the care of her husband's three other wives. Brigham Young sponsored her education in the eastern United States and she later did further medical studies at the University of Michigan. When she returned to Utah, Ellis Shipp worked with Eliza R. Snow to start an obstetrics school, eventually training 660 midwives.

In 1910, she published a book of her own poems, Life Lines.

Shipp served as a member of the General Board of the Relief Society from 1898 to 1907. She also served on the general board of the Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association.

Shipp died at age 92 in Salt Lake City on January 31, 1939 of cancer.

Honors
A neighborhood park in Salt Lake City, Utah, is named in Shipp's honor; it is located near where she lived and practiced medicine. A public health center in West Valley, Utah, is also named in her honor.

Ellis Reynolds Shipp Hall (Building 11) of the women's dormitories in the old Heritage Halls at Brigham Young University was named after Shipp.

Shipp is honored with a display room in the Daughters of Utah Pioneers Pioneer Memorial Museum in Salt Lake City.

Notes

References
.
.
.
.
.

Category:1847 births
Category:1939 deaths
Category:American Latter Day Saint hymnwriters
Category:American women physicians
Category:Drexel University alumni
Category:Mormon pioneers
Category:People from Pleasant Grove, Utah
Category:Relief Society people
Category:University of Michigan Medical School alumni
Category:University of Utah alumni
Category:Young Women (organization) people
Category:American leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Category:Physicians from Utah
Category:American female songwriters
Category:American songwriters
Category:American poets
Category:American women poets
Category:Deaths from cancer in Utah
Category:Women hymnwriters
Category:Latter Day Saints from Utah
Category:American women non-fiction writers


Adelaide Carpenter

Adelaide T. C. Carpenter (born June 24, 1944) is an American fruit fly geneticist at the University of Cambridge.

Biography
Carpenter was born 24 June 1944, in Georgia, United States and grew up in North Carolina. In the 1970s, whilst at the University of Washington, she was one of the numerous graduate students mentored by Larry Sandler.
In 1976, she obtained a faculty position at the University of California, San Diego. In 1989, after becoming full professor, she took a second sabbatical in the United Kingdom.

Scientific work
In 1975, Carpenter discovered and published a paper on the recombination nodule, an organelle that mediates meiotic recombination.

References

Further reading

 Web page at University of Cambridge

Category:Living people
Category:1944 births
Category:American geneticists
Category:University of California, San Diego faculty
Category:Scientists from California
Category:Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:North Carolina State University alumni
Category:Scientists from North Carolina
Category:University of Washington alumni
Category:20th-century American scientists
Category:20th-century women scientists
Category:21st-century American scientists
Category:21st-century women scientists


Frenks Razgals

Frenks Razgals (born August 8, 1996) is a Latvian professional ice hockey player for HC Vítkovice Ridera in the Czech Extraliga (ELH) and the Latvian national team. He's the son of Latvian coach and former hockey player, Aigars Razgals.

He participated for Latvia at the 2017 IIHF World Championship.

References

External links

Category:1996 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dinamo Riga players
Category:HK Riga players
Category:Latvian ice hockey forwards
Category:Sportspeople from Riga


Zaheer Khan (Pakistani cricketer)

Zaheer Khan (born 3 December 1979) is a Pakistani former cricketer. He played first-class cricket for several domestic teams in Pakistan between 1998 and 2000. He was also a part of Pakistan's squad for the 1998 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

References

External links

Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:Pakistani cricketers
Category:Lahore cricketers
Category:Sargodha cricketers
Category:Water and Power Development Authority cricketers
Category:Cricketers from Lahore


List of interstitial cells

Interstitial cell refers to any cell that lies in the spaces between the functional cells of a tissue.

Examples include:
 Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)
 Leydig cells, cells present in the male testes responsible for the production of androgen (male sex hormone)
 A portion of the stroma of ovary
 Certain cells in the pineal gland
 Renal interstitial cells
 neuroglial cells

See also
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

References
Sybil B Parker (ed). "Interstitial cell". McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Fifth Edition. International Edition. 1994. Page 1041.

Category:Cell biology


Swanley, Cheshire

Swanley is a small settlement at  in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is divided between two civil parishes, Baddiley and Burland. Nearby settlements include Acton, Burland, Ravensmoor and Stoneley Green.

Swanley is located immediately south of a T-junction between Swanley Lane and Springe Lane, and to the east of the Llangollen branch of the Shropshire Union Canal. The grade-II-listed Swanley Bridge, which dates from around 1793, crosses the canal near the T-junction. Just north of the bridge lies Swanley Lock No. 2; the grade-II-listed lock dates from 1805 and is in blue-and-red brick with stone copings.

References

External links

Category:Villages in Cheshire


R. A. H. Bickford-Smith

Roandeau Albert Henry Bickford-Smith (3 May 1859 – 1916) was an English barrister and antiquary, the author of Greece under King George (1893), once a standard work on 19th century Greek history.

Early life
Roandeau Albert Henry Bickford-Smith was born in Trevarno on 3 May 1859, the son of William Bickford-Smith (1827–99), member of Parliament for Truro, Cornwall. He graduated in law from Trinity College, Cambridge University, in 1883, and received his Masters of Arts degree in 1886.

Career
Bickford-Smith became a member of the Inner Temple in 1882 and was called to the bar in 1886.

His 1893 book, Greece under King George was translated into Greek in 1993.

He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.

Family
In 1891, Bickford-Smith married Caroline Louise Marianne Skinner (1873–1936). They had three children, John Allan, William Nugent Venning and Aubrey Luis.

Death
Bickford-Smith died in 1916.

Selected publications
 Greece under King George. R. Bentley, London, 1893.

References

External links
 http://www.materialtexts.bbk.ac.uk/?p=343
 https://www.academia.edu/4774436/Like_a_Rolling_Stone_R.A.H._Bickford-Smith_from_Britain_to_Greece_in_the_Last_Quarter_of_the_XIX_century

Category:1859 births
Category:1916 deaths
Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Category:Bickford-Smith family
Category:Cornish writers
Category:English barristers
Category:English historians
Category:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Category:Historians of Greece
Category:Members of the Inner Temple


Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi

Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 -) is a Nigerian botanist and environmental archaeologist. She was Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology at the University of Ibadan. She pioneered the study of environmental archaeology and palaeoethnobotany in Nigeria and is the founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

Early life
Sowunmi was born in Kano, Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her father was a pastor in the Church of Nigeria. She studied for a BSc in Special Botany in the Department of Botany, at University College Ibadan, graduating in 1962. She received a postgraduate scholarship in 1963 to undertake Phd research in palynology. In order to undertake research in palynology, Sowunmi travelled to Sweden to study with Gunnar Erdtman, who supervised her Phd. She earned her Phd in botany from the University of Ibadan in 1967.

Career
In 1967 Sowunmi was appointed a postdoctoral research fellow in the Archaeology Unit at the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan. In 1971 she established the Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Sowunmi was appointed Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology in 1982. Throughout her career Sowunmi held various visiting positions, in 1997 in the Department of African Archaeology, Uppsala University, and in 1998 at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London and the Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. During the course of her career she supervised seven phd students, and is noted for being an inspirational teacher. Sowunmi has worked on gender issues in archaeology in Nigeria, including modifying androcentric course titles.

Sowunmi was the founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and president of the West African Archaeological Association.

Sowunmi retired in 2004.

Research
Sowunmi's research achievements include the first identifications of the age and paleoenvironment of the Gwandu Formation, the first descriptions of Eocene pollen of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history of Nigeria, and the first study of pollen from an archaeological site in Nigeria.

Awards and honours
In 2003, Sowunmi received an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Humanities by Uppsala University to recognised her outstanding scholarship and research and teaching contributions in environmental archaeology and paleobotany.

Selected publications
M.A. Sowunmi. 1972. Pollen morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on taxonomy. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
M.A. Sowunmi. 1973. Pollen grains of Nigerian plants: I. Woody species. Grana
R.J. du Chêne, M.S. Onyike & M.A. Sowunmi 1978. Some new Eocene pollen of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, south-eastern Nigeria. Revista Española de Micropaleontología 10(2), p. 285-322.
M.A Sowunmi. 1981. Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa. Journal of Biogeography 8: 457-474.
M.A. Sowunmi. 1985. The beginnings of agriculture in West Africa: botanical evidence. Current Anthropology
M.A. Sowunmi. 1995. Pollen grains of Nigerian plants: II. Woody Species. Grana 34: 120-141.
M.A. Sowunmi. 1998. Ecological archaeology in west Africa : the state of the discipline in ANDAH (B.W.) et al., Africa: the challenge of archaeology. Ibadan, Heinemann Educational Books, pp. 65–100
M.A. Sowunmi, 1998. Beyond academic archaeology in Africa: The human dimension. African Archaeological Review

References

Category:1939 births
Category:Nigerian scientists
Category:Nigerian women scientists
Category:20th-century botanists
Category:20th-century archaeologists
Category:Women botanists
Category:Women archaeologists
Category:Archaeobotanists
Category:Uppsala University faculty
Category:University of Ibadan alumni
Category:Palynologists
Category:Paleobotanists
Category:People from Kano
Category:Living people
Category:Academics of the UCL Institute of Archaeology


Melissodes

Melissodes is a genus of long-horned bees in the family Apidae. There are at least 140 described species in Melissodes.

ITIS Taxonomic note:
The gender of the name "Melissodes" has traditonally been considered as feminine by taxonomists. However, ICZN Commissioner Doug Yanega (in litt., May 2008) has indicated that the sex should be masculine under ICZN Art. 30.1.4.4, which explicitly states that all genera ending in "-odes" are masculine unless the original author declared otherwise. Since Latreille did not specify a gender when proposing the name in 1829, this Code Article applies in this case.

See also
 List of Melissodes species

References

Further reading

External links

Category:Apinae


Hopedale, Massachusetts

Hopedale is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,911 at the 2010 census.

History

Hopedale was first settled in 1660. Benjamin Albee built a mill on what is now the south end of Hopedale in 1664. A  area of the Blackstone Valley was incorporated as the town of Mendon. In 1780, Milford separated from Mendon. On August 26, 1841, Adin Ballou, along with the Practical Christians, gave Hopedale its name, within the town of Milford. Ballou and the Practical Christians established the Hopedale Community based on Christian and socialist ideologies in 1842.  The utopian commune went bankrupt in 1856, and its assets were purchased by Ebenezer and George Draper, manufacturers of looms. Various industries developed under the direction of the Draper brothers, including the Hopedale Machine Company and Hopedale Furnace Company.  The town was officially incorporated in 1886 when it separated from Milford. George Draper designed, paid for, and constructed the town hall, which is constructed of granite from Milford and sandstone, and was dedicated in 1887.  The Unitarian church was another gift from the Drapers, and the Bancroft Memorial Library was a gift from a superintendent at the plant.  The marble sculpture outside the library was paid for by the Drapers and shipped from Rome in 1904. In 1905, women were granted permission to swim at the town beach.

The family loom business continued to develop with subsequent generations, and at its peak, the Draper Corporation was the largest maker of textile looms in the United States. The company was acquired by Rockwell International in 1967.  The Draper factory in Hopedale closed on August 29, 1980.

Hopedale is included in the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor and is an historic mill village of national significance.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 3.20%, is water. The largest body of water is Hopedale Pond, located not far from the town center.

The central business district, known by Census Bureau as the Hopedale Census Designated Place (CDP) is located at  (42.129872, -71.539594).

According to the Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.5 km2 (1.7 mi2). 4.5 km2 (1.7 mi2) of it is land and 0.1 km2 (0.04 mi2) of it (1.15%) is water.

Adjacent towns
Hopedale is located in central Massachusetts, bordered by 4 towns:

Demographics

Town

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,907 people, 2,240 households, and 1,572 families residing in the town.  The population density was 1,145.8 people per square mile (442.0/km²).  There were 2,289 housing units at an average density of 444.0 per square mile (171.3/km²).  The racial makeup of the town was 97.23% White, 0.56% Black or African American, 0.02% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.

There were 2,240 households out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the town, the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $60,176, and the median income for a family was $68,571. Males had a median income of $47,380 versus $31,144 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,791.  About 2.9% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

CDP

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,158 people, 1,616 households, and 1,082 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 933.4/km2 (2,411.4/mi2). There were 1,657 housing units at an average density of 372.0/km2 (961.0/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.43% White, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.02% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.63% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.

There were 1,616 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the CDP, the population was spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $58,750, and the median income for a family was $67,417. Males had a median income of $45,694 versus $29,740 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,088. About 3.4% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people
Adin Ballou, noted 19th-century pacifist, socialist, and abolitionist
Dick Bresciani, Boston Red Sox executive
Brendan Burke, Major League Soccer coach
Eben Sumner Draper, 44th Governor of Massachusetts
Eben S. Draper Jr., Massachusetts state representative
Jason Myles Goss, singer/songwriter
Dana Gould, comedian
Kevin Nee, professional strongman athlete
Joe Perry of Aerosmith

Public schools
Students in grades K–6 go to the Memorial School. Hopedale Junior Senior High School is for grades 7–12.

Places of Worship
There are currently three houses of worship in Hopedale.

Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church
Hopedale Unitarian Parish
Union Evangelical Church

See also
 Bancroft Memorial Library
 Hopedale Industrial Park Airport
Hopedale Junior Senior High School
 List of mill towns in Massachusetts

References

Further reading

External links

 Town of Hopedale official website
Geocities: Hopedale chronology
Nipmuck Nation

Category:Towns in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Category:Towns in Massachusetts
Category:Company towns in Massachusetts


Hisham Kabbani

Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (28 January 1945) is a Lebanese-American Sufi Muslim.  Kabbani has counseled and advised Muslim leaders to build community resilience against violent extremism.  His criticism of extremism has stirred controversy among some American Muslims. In 2012 the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre named him one of the top 500 most influential Muslims. His notable students include the world-famous boxer Muhammad Ali  and former Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Biography

Kabbani was born in Beirut, Lebanon.

On the order of Shaykh Nazim, Kabbani relocated to the United States in 1990  where he has developed over a dozen Sufi centers focused on Islamic spirituality and cultural enrichment.

He is also the founder/chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of America (ISCA), a non-profit, non-governmental educational organization dedicated to teaching personal moral excellence. ISCA has spearheaded a number of peace initiatives, hosted notable conferences, actively engages in inter-religious dialogue, and promotes traditional and moderate Islamic views.

Activities in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia

Kabbani was also a member of the Elijah Interfaith Institute Board of World Religious Leaders. Shaykh Hisham Kabbani has held meetings with numerous world leaders and has been a key speaker at various conferences, such as the World Economic Forum.

HNCO is committed to Preserving the Legacy of Shaykh Nazim Adil through many charity works.
Hajjah Naziha Adil Kabbani is Ahlu ‘l-Bayti, a descendant of Muhammad through her paternal and maternal lineages, which includes Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jilani and globally renowned poet Jalaluddin Rumi. Hajjah Naziha is the eldest child of Shaykh Muhammad Nazim Adil (d.2014), founder of the Naqshbandiyya-Nazimiyya Sufi Order, and Hajjah Amina bint Ayesha (d.2004), a shaykha and Islamic scholar who wrote extensively on lives of the prophets, whose family escaped religious persecution in Tatarstan, Russia. She is married to Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Shaykh Nazim’s deputy and spiritual heir, and together they advise Muslims around the world.

For more than twenty years, Shaykh Hisham and Hajjah Naziha have advanced Shaykh Nazim’s legacy by directing various emergency disaster relief and humanitarian aid projects in Banda Aceh, Indonesia (tsunami relief); NWFP, Pakistan (earthquake relief); Kabul, Afghanistan (modern medical equipment and winter clothing); and Istanbul, Turkey (earthquake relief). The Hajjah Naziha Charity is the natural evolution of their past work to advance those outreach projects dearest to Shaykh Nazim’s heart.

Fatwas
In 2011 Kabbani and Homayra Ziad (Islamic Studies, Trinity College, CT), wrote a  fatwa using Quranic exegesis, a review of hadith, and linguistic analysis to determine that the Quran does not condone domestic violence. According to the authors of the fatwa, the broader message of the Qur'an is the promotion of harmony and affection between husband and wife so that they may develop amongst themselves a sacred bond of love and mercy.

Kabbani has also written a fatwa on the principles of jihad, which was translated into Arabic and distributed by the US military in Iraq.

Controversy and criticism
In 1999, Kabbani came into conflict with various Muslim groups including the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), and the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA) after he stated that 80 percent of mosques are being run by "extremist ideologies". Muslim organizations responded harshly, stating that Kabbani's remarks "could have a profoundly negative impact on ordinary American Muslims". Kabbani plunged into further controversy when he accused Muslims who advise the United States about Islam as being "extremists themselves". When asked during a conference whether he would name the Islamic groups he believed were "extremist", Kabbani answered, "after the program". When subsequently confronted with the question during the end of the discussion, Kabbani refused to answer. In a joint statement pertaining to Kabbani's accusations, several Muslim groups said that "Mr. Kabbani has put the entire American Muslim community under unjustified suspicion. In effect, Mr. Kabbani is telling government officials that the majority of American Muslims pose a danger to our society."

In his remarks at the State Department that year, Kabbani had claimed that 80 percent of the Muslim American population have been introduced to extremist ideology. His claim was based on his interviews with religious clerics, educators, community members and young Muslims in 114 mosques in the US over an eight-year period (1991-1999).
 Although the "80%" figure has been widely cited by public officials, and has been repeated by several other reports, some other authors claim it has not been confirmed by a quantitative, peer-reviewed study.

In his 1999 State Department speech, Kabbani claimed that while the majority of Muslim Americans have been exposed to violent extremist ideologies, "not all of them agree with it." Later in the question and answer session he reiterated that the majority of the Muslim community which is "peace loving and tolerant" does not support extremism. In a 2000 interview with the Middle East Quarterly, he clarified his position that "the problem of extremism is not confined to the Muslim community...  Extremism is an unwillingness to accept any viewpoint but one's own...  Ideological extremism can result in an act of violence when an individual pursues his ideas to such an extreme that he thinks only his ideas are correct and must therefore be enforced on everyone else."

In 2001 and 2002 Kabbani was recognized as one of the few Muslim scholars at that time to have warned of the threat of violent extremism.

In the April 2016 issue of Dabiq Magazine, The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant declared him a murtadd (or apostate).

Published works

References

External links
HishamKabbani.com
Media Archive of Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order
Official website of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Way
Website of as-Sunnah Foundation of America
Hajjah Naziha Charity UK
Center for Spirituality and Cultural Advancement, UK
PakNaqshbandi.com

Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:Lebanese emigrants to the United States
Category:American Sufis
Category:People from Beirut


Bishoftu

Bishoftu (Oromo: Bishooftu, Amharic: ቢሾፍቱ) is a town and separate woreda of Ethiopia, lying south east of Addis Ababa. It was formerly known as Debre Zeyit (Amharic: ደብረ ዘይት) however since the late 1990s it has been officially known by the Oromo name, Bishoftu, which was its name until 1955. The town is located in the East Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, and has an elevation of .

Bishoftu is located  southeast of Addis Ababa along its route 4 highway.

Overview

Nearby points of interest include Mount Yerer, Green Crater Lake and Lake Hora Kiloli.
It is a resort town, known for five crater lakes: Lake Bishoftu, Lake Hora (a base for watersports, many water birds and an annual festival), Lake Bishoftu Guda, Lake Koriftu and the seasonal Lake Cheleklaka. Bishoftu is also home to the Ethiopian Air Force and the Harar Meda Airport (ICAO HAHM, IATA QHR), as well as a station on the Addis Ababa – Djibouti Railway. It has had telephone service since 1954. The city is home for the National Veterinary Institute of Ethiopia, established in 1963, the leading veterinary vaccine research and production center currently producing more than 20 livestock vaccines. Next door to the national veterinary institute is the scholl of veterinary medicine of Addis Ababa University. The Gafat Armament Engineering Complex is located here. According to the Nordic Africa Institute website, other major businesses in Bishoftu include the Ada Flour and Pasta Factory, the Pasqua Giuseppe PLC, the Salmida Leather Products Manufacturing, Ratson (Women Youth Children Development Programme), and Winrock International Ethiopia. The Debre Zeyt Research Center, founded in 1953, is run by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, specializing in agricultural research, which includes acting as the national center for research to improve the yield of teff, lentils, chickpeas, and poultry. In 2007 Bishoftu became the new home of Meserete Kristos College, a Christian college owned by the Meserete Kristos Church.

History
Bishoftu, as a definite entity, did not come into existence until after the Second World War. Accounts of earlier travelers call the region "Adda", although one Swedish memoir from 1935 mentions a village named "Bishoftu"; the future minister Makonnen Habte-Wold was born in this village. At about  from Adda, on land that had been owned partly by Emperor Haile Selassie I, the Italians started Azienda Agraria di Biscioftu dell'Opera Nazionale per i Combattenti on 15,000 hectares, intending to create a center of colonization as well as an experimental agricultural station. The first foundation stone for the houses was laid 9 December 1937, but only 21 dwellings were ready by May 1938. Various administrative and service buildings were also built.

The history of the Ethiopian Air Force is tightly woven with the history of Bishoftu. In 1946, the beginnings of what would become the Ethiopian Air Force was moved from Lideta airport in Addis Ababa, which was needed by Ethiopian Airlines, to Bishoftu. The initial group of 19 Swedes under Count Carl Gustaf von Rosen, who were to train the pilots and support personal, arrived there after leaving Sweden between 9 January and 16 July 1946. Both Ethiopian cadets and the Swedish instructors took part in constructing the first buildings on the base. Six Saab 91 Safir training airplanes were bought in Sweden and flown to the new airbase 24 December 1946, and on 10 November 1947 a fleet of 16 Saab-built B-17s were landed at Bishoftu by Swedish pilots.

Bishoftu Technical High School was established in 1958 with a 5-year course for boys 12–15 years of age. An Evangelical College had been founded two years before, which was a joint undertaking of Swedish, Norwegian, and German Evangelical missions. The Evangelical College's first headmaster was Sven Rubenson. The Animal Health Assistants Training School was established in Bishoftu in 1963, with financial support by the United Nations Special Fund.

The artist Lemma Tesefa Kesime was born (1956) in Bishoftu. He studied at the Art School 1972-1974 and received his M.A. from the Soviet Union in 1983. Returning to Ethiopia, Lemma Tesefa became a teacher at the art school in Addis Ababa. Bishoftu was also the favored weekend retreat of Emperor Haile Selassie, who built a palace in the town, named "Fairfield" after his wartime home in exile in the town of Bath, England.

Armed forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front bypassed the capital and occupied Bishoftu in May, 1991, bringing order to the area after the collapse of the Mengistu government, taking control of what remained of the Soviet-supplied Air Force. The airbase was also used to detain several dozen senior military officers after the capture of the capital.
On 2 October 2016 at Irreechaa celebration security forces fired tear gas at protesters forcing them to panic and as a result 52 people lost their lives after falling into ditches around Lake Hora.
On 10 March 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crashed near the town of Bishoftu.

Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for Bishoftu of 99,928, of whom 47,860 were men and 52,068 were women. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 79.75% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 13.82% of the population were Protestant, and 4.98% of the population were Muslim.

The 1994 census reported Bishoftu had a total population of 73,372 of whom 35,058 were men and 38,314 were women. The three largest ethnic groups reported for this town were the Amhara (42.86%), the Oromo (39.4%), and the Gurage (8.3%); all other ethnic groups made up 9.44% of the population. Amharic is spoken as a first language by 71.95%, and 20.12% spoke Oromiffa; the remaining 7.93% spoke all other primary languages reported. Concerning religious beliefs, 87.87% of the population said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 6.93% were Protestants, and 4.02% observed Roman Catholicism.

Notes

External links

Cities of Ethiopia: Debre Zeyit by John Taylor (Addis Tribune, 2 November 2001) (Archive)

Category:Populated places in the Oromia Region
Category:Resorts in Ethiopia
Category:Volcanic crater lakes


Ukai Station (Ishikawa)

was a railway station located in Suzu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. This station was abandoned on April 1, 2005.

Line
 Noto Railway
 Noto Line

Adjacent stations

External links
 Ukai Station (Ishikawa) page at notor.info

Category:Railway stations in Ishikawa Prefecture
Category:Defunct railway stations in Japan
Category:Railway stations closed in 2005
Category:Railway stations opened in 1964


Napialus kulingi

Napialus kulingi is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to China.

References

Category:Moths described in 1940
Category:Hepialidae


Japanese submarine I-22 (1938)

The Japanese submarine I-22 was one of five Type C cruiser submarines of the C1 sub-class built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1930s.

Design and description
The Type C submarines were derived from the earlier KD6 sub-class of the  with a heavier torpedo armament for long-range attacks. They displaced  surfaced and  submerged. The submarines were  long, had a beam of  and a draft of . They had a diving depth of .

For surface running, the boats were powered by two  diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a  electric motor. They could reach  on the surface and  underwater. On the surface, the C1s had a range of  at ; submerged, they had a range of  at .

The boats were armed with eight internal bow  torpedo tubes and carried a total of 20 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single /40 deck gun and two single or twin mounts for  Type 96 anti-aircraft guns. They were equipped to carry one Type A midget submarine aft of the conning tower.

Construction and career
I-22 was commissioned at Yokosuka, Japan on March 10, 1941.  The submarine participated in the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Battle of the Coral Sea, and the attack on Sydney Harbour in May and June 1942.  I-22 was on patrol in the Coral Sea near the island Malaita in the Solomon Islands when it was depth charged and sunk south east of the island by a  Consolidated PBY Catalina aircraft of the United States Navy on October 6, 1942.

Notes

References

Category:Type C1 submarines
Category:Ships built in Japan
Category:1938 ships
Category:Japanese submarines lost during World War II
Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Category:Ships lost with all hands
Category:Missing submarines of World War II
Category:Maritime incidents in October 1942