List of USHL award winners

List of United States Hockey League award winners.

Player awards

USHL Player of the Year
2018–19 Ronnie Attard, Tri-City
2017–18 Anthony Del Gaizo, Muskegon
2016–17 Matīss Kivlenieks, Sioux City
2015–16 Rem Pitlick, Muskegon
2014–15 Kyle Connor, Youngstown
2013–14 Brandon Montour, Waterloo
2012–13 Taylor Cammarata, Waterloo
2011–12 Kevin Roy, Lincoln
2010–11 Blake Coleman, Indiana
2009–10 Matt White, Omaha
2008–09 Andrew Miller, Chicago
2007–08 Jason Gregoire, Lincoln
2006–07 Phil DeSimone, Sioux City
2005–06 Trevor Lewis, Des Moines
2004–05 Jeff Lerg, Omaha
2003–04 Mike Howe, River City
2002–03 Ryan Potulny, Lincoln
2001–02 Bobby Goepfert, Cedar Rapids
2000–01 Chris Fournier, Lincoln
1999-00 Dan Ellis, Omaha
1998–99 Pete Fregoe, Des Moines
1997–98 Nate DiCasmirro, North Iowa
1996–97 Karl Goehring, Fargo-Moorhead
1995–96 Jeff Panzer, Fargo-Moorhead & Matt Noga, North Iowa
1994–95 Scott Swanson, Omaha
1993–94 Jason Blake, Waterloo
1992–93 Eric Rud, Des Moines
1991–92 Peter Ferraro, Waterloo
1990–91 Gary Kitching, Thunder Bay
1989–90 Kurt Miller, Rochester
1988–89 Mark Karpen, North Iowa
1987–88 Mike O'Hara, Rochester
1986–87 Terry Menard, Thunder Bay
1985–86 Tim Ferguson, Sioux City
1984–85 Scott Shoffstall, Sioux City
1983–84 Jay Cates, St. Paul

USHL Rookie of the Year
2018–19 Zac Jones, Tri-City
2017–18 Matej Pekar, Muskegon
2016–17 Andrei Svechnikov, Muskegon
2015–16 Cameron Morrison, Youngstown
2014–15 Kieffer Bellows, Sioux Falls
2013–14 Robby Jackson, Chicago
2012–13 Jake Guentzel, Sioux City
2011–12 Tayler Cammarata, Waterloo
2010–11 John Gaudreau, Dubuque
2009–10 Anders Lee, Green Bay
2008–09 Louis Leblanc, Omaha
2007–08 Jack Connolly, Sioux Falls
2006–07 Max Pacioretty, Sioux City
2005–06 Kyle Okposo, Des Moines
2004–05 Chad Rau, Des Moines
2003–04 Matt Ford, Sioux Falls
2002–03 Joe Pavelski, Waterloo
2001–02 Danny Richmond, Chicago
2000–01 Brandon Bochenski, Lincoln
1999-00 Troy Riddle, Des Moines
1998–99 Tyler Palmiscno, Sioux City
1997–98 Mark Cullen, Fargo-Moorhead
1996–97 Karl Goehring, Fargo-Moorhead
1993–94 Terry Jarkowsky, Waterloo

Forward of the Year
2018–19 Bobby Brink, Sioux City
2017–18 Jackson Cates, Waterloo
2016–17 Zach Solow, Dubuque
2015–16 Rem Pitlick, Muskegon
2014–15 Kyle Connor, Youngstown
2013–14 Jake Randolph, Omaha
2012–13 Taylor Cammarata, Waterloo
2011–12 Kevin Roy, Lincoln
2010–11 Blake Coleman, Indiana
2009–10 Jaden Schwartz, Tri-City
2008–09 Andrew Miller, Chicago
2007–08 Jason Gregoire, Lincoln
2006–07 Phil DeSimone, Sioux City
2005–06 Trevor Lewis, Des Moines
2004–05 Dan Riedel, Lincoln
2003–04 Mike Howe, River City
2002–03 Ryan Potulny, Lincoln
2001–02 Vince Bellissimo, Topeka
2000–01 Chris Fournier, Lincoln
1999-00 Peter Sejna, Des Moines
1998–99 Pete Fregoe, Des Moines
1997–98 Nate DiCasmirro, North Iowa
1996–97 Mike Lephart, Omaha
1995–96 Jeff Panzer, Fargo-Moorhead
1994–95 David Hoogsteen, Thunder Bay
1993–94 Jason Blake, Waterloo
1992–93 Neil Donovan, Omaha
1991–92 Peter Ferraro, Waterloo
1990–91 Chris Ferraro, Dubuque
1989–90 Kurt Miller, Rochester
1988–89 Greg Johnson, Thunder Bay
1987–88 Bob Nardella, Des Moines
1986–87 Terry Menard, Thunder Bay
1985–86 Tim Ferguson, Sioux City
1984–85 Scott Shoffstall, Sioux City
1983–84 Jay Cates, St. Paul

Defenseman of the Year
2018–19 Ronnie Attard, Tri-City
2017–18 Ben Finkelstein, Waterloo
2016–17 Connor Mackey, Green Bay
2015–16 Jack Ahcan, Cedar Rapids
2014–15 Neal Pionk, Sioux City
2013–14 Brandon Montour, Waterloo
2012–13 Paul LaDue, Lincoln
2011–12 Andy Welinski, Green Bay
2010–11 Nick Mattson, Indiana
2009–10 David Makowski, Green Bay
2008–09 John Moore, Chicago
2007–08 Blake Kessel, Waterloo
2006–07 Jeff Petry, Des Moines
2005–06 Nick Schaus, Omaha
2004–05 Brett Motherwell, Omaha
2003–04 Mike Hodgson, Sioux City
2002–03 Matt Carle, River City
2001–02 Brett Skinner, Des Moines
2000–01 Jamie Mattie, Sioux Falls
1999-00 Jeff Finger, Green Bay
1998–99 Tom Preissing, Green Bay
1997–98 Jason Basile, Des Moines
1996–97 Doug Schmidt, Waterloo
1995–96 Josh DeWolf, St. Paul & Dan Peters, Omaha
1994–95 Scott Swanson, Omaha
1993–94 Dave Dupont, Des Moines
1992–93 Eric Rud, Des Moines
1991–92 Andrew Backen, Thunder Bay
1990–91 Paul Koch, Omaha
1989–90 John Gruden, Waterloo
1988–89 Mark Peterson, St. Paul
1987–88 Chris Nelson, Rochester
1986–87 Darren Sheehan, Thunder Bay
1985–86 Kord Cernick, Dubuque
1984–85 Mike Castellano, Austin
1983–84 Doug Clagger, Dubuque

Goaltender of the Year
2018–19 Isaiah Saville, Tri-City
2017–18 Filip Larsson, Tri-City
2016–17 Matīss Kivlenieks, Sioux City
2015–16 Adam Húska, Green Bay
2014–15 Eric Schierhorn, Muskegon
2013–14 Hayden Hawkey, Omaha
2012–13 Kevin Lindskoug, Muskegon
2011–12 Ryan McKay, Green Bay & Zane Gothberg, Fargo
2010–11 Brady Hjelle, Cedar Rapids
2009–10 Steven Summerhays, Green Bay
2008–09 Mike Lee, Fargo
2007–08 David Reekie, Lincoln
2006–07 Drew Palmisano, Omaha
2005–06 Alex Stalock, Cedar Rapids
2004–05 Jeff Lerg, Omaha
2003–04 Phil Lamoureux, Lincoln
2002–03 Dominic Vicari, River City
2001–02 Bobby Goepfert, Cedar Rapids
2000–01 Jure Penko, Green Bay
1999-00 Dan Ellis, Omaha
1998–99 Tony Zasowski, Omaha
1997–98 Josh Blackburn, Lincoln
1996–97 Karl Goehring, Fargo-Moorhead
1995–96 Mike Correia, Omaha
1994–95 Aaron Vicker, Omaha
1993–94 Terry Jarkowsky, Waterloo
1992–93 Bob Petrie, Omaha
1991–92 Paul Sass, Des Moines
1990–91 Chris Burns, Thunder Bay
1989–90 Jeff Levy, Rochester
1988–89 Corey Chwialkowski, Rochester
1987–88 Mike O'Hara, Rochester
1986–87 Pat Sztrum, Thunder Bay
1985–86 Chad Meyhoff, Rochester
1984–85 Chad Meyhoff, Austin
1983–84 Craig Shermoen, St. Paul

Curt Hammer Award
Awarded to an USHL player for on and off the ice participation.
2018–19 Liam Walsh, Cedar Rapids
2017–18 Marc McLaughlin, Cedar Rapids
2016–17 Logan Halladay, Bloomington & Riese Zmolek, Cedar Rapids
2015–16 Tory Dello, Tri-City Storm
2014–15 Matt Mendelson, Bloomington Thunder
2013–14 Garrett Gamez, Tri-City Storm
2012–13 Ryan Siiro, Sioux Falls
2011–12 Mike Ambrosia, Youngstown
2010–11 Tommy Olczyk, Sioux City
2009–10 Derek Arnold, Waterloo
2008–09 Mike Walsh, Chicago
2007–08 Joey Miller, Sioux City
2006–07 Zach Redmond, Sioux Falls
2005–06 Trevor Lewis, Des Moines
2004–05 Christian Hanson, Tri-City
2003–04 Topher Scott, Chicago
2002–03 Jake Taylor, Green Bay
2001–02 Nick Anderson, Chicago
2000–01 Corey McLean, Chicago
1999-00 Aaron Gill, Rochester
1998–99 Noah Clarke, Des Moines
1997–98 Shaun Winkler, North Iowa
1996–97 Mark Eaton, Waterloo
1995–96 Jeremy Bautch, Rochester
1994–95 Brad Frattaroli, Des Moines
1993–94 Nick Krueger, Des Moines
1992–93 Eric Rud, Des Moines
1991–92 Mike Figliomeni, Thunder Bay
1990–91 Beau Bilek, Des Moines & Brent Cary, Omaha
1989–90 Sean Marson, Sioux City
1988–89 Jay Ness, Rochester

Dave Tyler Junior Player of the Year Award
The Dave Tyler Junior Player of the Year Award is awarded to the top junior player in USA Hockey, but is not necessarily an USHL award. Those listed are only the USHL players that have won the award.
2017–18 Jack Hughes, Team USA
2016–17 Zach Solow, Dubuque Fighting Saints
2015–16 Rem Pitlick, Muskegon Lumberjacks
2014–15 Kyle Connor, Youngstown Phantoms
2013–14 Tucker Poolman, Omaha Lancers
2012–13 Taylor Cammarata, Waterloo Blackhawks
2011–12 Andy Welinski, Green Bay Gamblers
2010–11 Blake Coleman, Indiana Ice
2009–10 Matt White, Omaha Lancers
2008–09 Andrew Miller, Chicago Steel
2007–08 Jack Connolly, Sioux Falls Stampede
2006–07 Jeff Petry, Des Moines Buccaneers
2005–06 Trevor Lewis, Des Moines Buccaneers
2004–05 Jeff Lerg, Omaha Lancers
2003–04 Joe Pavelski, Waterloo Black Hawks
2002–03 Ryan Potulny, Lincoln Stars
2000–01 Chris Fournier, Lincoln Stars
1999-00 Aaron Smith, Green Bay Gamblers
1998–99 Peter Fregoe, Des Moines Buccaneers
1997–98 Nate DiCasmirro, North Iowa Huskies
1996–97 Karl Goehring, Fargo-Moorhead Ice Sharks
1993–94 Jason Blake, Waterloo

Staff awards

Coach of the Year
2018–19 Anthony Noreen, Tri-City
2017–18 P.K. O'Handley, Waterloo
2016–17 Jay Varady, Sioux City
2015–16 Mark Carlson, Cedar Rapids
2014–15 Anthony Noreen, Youngstown
2013–14 P. K. O'Handley, Waterloo
2012–13 Cary Eades, Sioux Falls
2011–12 Derek Lalonde, Green Bay
2010–11 Mark Carlson, Cedar Rapids
2009–10 Jon Cooper, Green Bay
2008–09 Dean Blais, Fargo
2007–08 Steve Poapst, Chicago
2006–07 P. K. O'Handley, Waterloo
2005–06 Kevin Hartzell, Sioux Falls
2004–05 Mark Carlson, Cedar Rapids
2003–04 Wil Nichol, Chicago
2002–03 P. K. O’Handley, Waterloo
2001–02 Mike Hastings, River City
2000–01 Steve Johnson, Lincoln
1999-00 Steve Johnson, Lincoln
1998–99 Mark Osiecki, Green Bay
1997–98 Dave Hakstol, Sioux City
1996–97 Mike Hastings, Omaha
1995–96 Steve Johnson, Fargo-Moorhead
1994–95 Bob Ferguson, Des Moines
1993–94 Scott Mikesch, Waterloo
1992–93 Mike Guentzel, Omaha
1991–92 Mike Guentzel, St. Paul & Bob Ferguson, Des Moines
1990–91 Dave Siciliano, Thunder Bay
1989–90 Bob Ferguson, Sioux City
1988–89 Dave Siciliano, Thunder Bay
1987–88 Scott Owens, Madison
1986–87 Dave Siciliano, Thunder Bay
1985–86 Bob Ferguson, Sioux City
1984–85 Frank Serratore, Austin
1983–84 Kevin Hartzell, St. Paul

General Manager of the Year
2018–19 Ryan Hardy, Chicago
2017–18 P.K. O'Handley, Waterloo
2016–17 Mark LeRose, Sioux City
2015–16 Jon Hull, Lincoln
2014–15 Jim Hulton, Tri-City
2013–14 Jeff Brown, Indiana
2012–13 Jim Montgomery, Dubuque
2011–12 P. K. O'Handley, Waterloo
2010–11 Jim Montgomery, Dubuque
2009–10 Jon Cooper, Green Bay
2008–09 Jon Cooper, Green Bay
2007–08 Mike Hastings, Omaha
2006–07 Mike Hastings, Omaha
2005–06 Regg Simon, Des Moines
2004–05 Mike Hastings, Omaha
2003–04 Bliss Littler, Tri-City
2002–03 P. K. O’Handley, Waterloo
2001–02 Mike Hastings, River City
2000–01 Steve Johnson, Lincoln
1999-00 Bob Motzko, Sioux Falls
1998–99 Scott Owens, Des Moines
1997–98 Scott Owens, Des Moines
1996–97 Mike Hastings, Omaha
1993–96 No Award
1992–93 Bob Ferguson, Des Moines
1991–92 Bob Ferguson, Des Moines & Cary Eades, Dubuque
1990–91 Bob Ferguson, Des Moines
1989–90 Frank Serratore, Rochester
1988–89 Bob Motzko, North Iowa
1987–88 Mark Janes, Rochester
1986–87 Scott Owens, Madison
1985–86 Bob Ferguson, Sioux City
1984–85 Frank Serratore, Austin
1983–84 Ron Woodey, St. Paul
1982–83 Jack Barzee, Dubuque

Organization of the Year
2018–19 Muskegon Lumberjacks
2017–18 Sioux Falls Stampede
2015–16 Tri-City Storm
2014–15 Sioux Falls Stampede
2013–14 Sioux Falls Stampede
2012–13 Fargo Force
2011–12 Green Bay Gamblers
2010–11 Cedar Rapids RoughRiders
2009–10 Omaha Lancers
2008–09 Fargo Force
2007–08 Indiana Ice
2006–07 Waterloo Black Hawks
2005–06 Sioux Falls Stampede
2004–05 Waterloo Black Hawks
2003–04 Tri-City Storm
2002–03 Waterloo Black Hawks
2001–02 Sioux Falls Stampede
2000–01 Tri-City Storm
1999-00 Lincoln Stars
1998–99 Des Moines Buccaneers
1997–98 Des Moines Buccaneers
1996–97 Lincoln Stars
1995–96 Green Bay Gamblers
1994–95 Des Moines Buccaneers
1993–94 Omaha Lancers

Sources
 USHL 2006–07 Media Guide
 Awards at USHL.com

Category:United States Hockey League trophies and awards


Helsingin Uimarit

Helsingin Uimarit (HU) is a non-profit swimming club operating in Helsinki, Finland. HU was established in 1916. Today, there are more than 300 members taking part in HU:s swimming groups and -schools. HU has won the award for the best club in Finnish championships in swimming 28 times in a row. Activities such as racing, skating, and water polo exist within the school.

History
Founded in 1916, the Helsinki Swimmers was the only available pool for Helsinki swimming activities. Since the establishment, 427 Finnish Championships have been won by the club.

References

External links
 Helsingin Uimarit

Category:Swimming in Finland
Category:Sports clubs in Finland


Gare de Bercy-Bourgogne-Pays d'Auvergne

The Gare de Paris-Bercy-Bourgogne-Pays d'Auvergne, formerly Bercy is a railway station and terminus in Paris, France, operated by the SNCF. It specialises in auto-trains, which transport travelers' vehicles, such as cars, motorbikes, scooters and so on, to another station which also specialises in auto-trains. Since July 2002, it has been the seventh largest station in Paris, after a renovation allowed it to accommodate the four daily sleeper trains between Paris and Italy. It is also the Paris terminus for medium-distance domestic services to Avallon via Laroche-Migennes, Sens, and Auxerre. The station acts as a relief to the nearby Paris-Gare de Lyon which was reaching capacity.

The station had been previously designed for sleeper trains, allowing passengers to travel with their car in the same train, which usually is not possible at any of the other Parisian terminal stations, as they have never been adapted for this purpose.

The overnight trains to Italy travelled to Rome, Florence, or Bologna via Parma, as well as to Venice and Milan. This finished in 2011 and these now depart from Gare de Lyon.

It is located in the Bercy area of the 12th arrondissement, close to the Bercy sports arena on the Boulevard de Bercy. It is also close to the Gare de Lyon. Access from the Paris Métro is by Line 6 or Line 14 to Bercy Métro station.

The modern station occupies the site of a large former goods station that was once famous as the main arrival point and distribution centre for wine in Paris.

Train services
The following services currently call at Paris-Bercy:
intercity services (Intercités) Paris - Montargis - Nevers
intercity services (Intercités) Paris - Nevers - Clermont-Ferrand
local service (TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) Paris - Sens - Laroche-Migennes - Montbard - Dijon (- Lyon)
local service (TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) Paris - Sens - Laroche-Migennes - Auxerre - Corbigny/Avallon

Car-Train services
Paris-Bercy features an area for loading cars on to trains and are used for overnight long distance services.

These trains run to destinations such as: Avignon, Biarritz, Bordeaux, Briançon, Brive, Fréjus-Saint-Raphaël, Lyon, Marseille, Narbonne, Nice, Toulon and Toulouse.

OUIBus

From 23 July 2012, SNCF launched the OUIBus international coach network from Paris-Bercy.

Coach services include:
Paris - (Lille) - London
Paris - (Lille) - Brussels
Paris - Lille - Amsterdam
Paris - Lille
Paris - Lyon - Milan
Paris - Lyon - Turin

External links

Category:Railway termini in Paris
Category:SNCF
Category:Railway stations opened in 1977
Category:Buildings and structures in the 12th arrondissement of Paris


John T. Rowland

John T. Rowland, Jr. (1871 - January 22, 1945) was an American architect who served as the Supervising Architect for Jersey City, New Jersey Board of Education for forty-two years. Projects designed by Rowland include several buildings listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Among Rowland's historic designs are the majority of buildings at the Jersey City Medical Center, the Labor Bank Building, and William L. Dickinson High School; as well as many other public buildings.

Rowland, an 1893 graduate of Cornell University, designed twenty-five public and private schools in Jersey City. He also designed other schools throughout the area including Atlantic City High School as well as several buildings within the Camp Evans Historic District.

Rowland designed the Winfield Park Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division project for the Federal Works Agency. The development is currently known as Winfield Township, New Jersey.

References

Category:1871 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:Artists from Jersey City, New Jersey
Category:Architects from New Jersey


Dan-Issa

Dan-Issa is a village and rural commune in Niger.

References

Category:Populated places in Niger
Category:Communes of Niger


William Starkey

William Starkey may refer to:

Billy Starkey, character in The Stand
Bill Starkey


Martin Wood (director)

Martin Wood is a Canadian television director who has been directing since the mid-1990s. Specializing in science fiction, where he is best known for his work as a director and producer on Stargate SG-1 (46 episodes), as well as its spin-off series Stargate Atlantis (30 episodes).

Biography

Career
Martin Wood began his television career in 1995. Although he is best known for his work on the Stargate franchise's Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, he has also directed for many other television series, including The Invisible Man and Earth: Final Conflict. In addition, Martin directed two TV specials on sudden infant death syndrome.

Along with Peter DeLuise, Andy Mikita and Will Waring, Wood was one of Stargate SG-1's main directors during its 10-year run. He also frequently appears as an extra known as "Major Wood" in the Stargate SG-1 episodes that he directs, often assisting Sergeant Siler as a repairman using the oversized crescent wrench that serves as an inside joke. He is also featured on many Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis DVD special features, such as featurettes and audio commentaries.

Between 2008 and 2011, Wood directed several episodes of the science-fiction series Sanctuary, starring Amanda Tapping and Christopher Heyerdahl. He was also set to direct Stargate: Revolution (working title), the third Stargate SG-1 direct-to-DVD movie, but that production has been shelved indefinitely.

Filmography

Awards and nominations
Wood has won 1 award, out of 5 nominations.

References

External links

 Martin Wood at Stargate Official Site
Martin Wood on StargateWiki

Category:Living people
Category:Canadian film directors
Category:Canadian television directors
Category:Canadian cinematographers
Category:Canadian television producers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Gmina Jednorożec

Gmina Jednorożec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Jednorożec, which lies approximately  north-east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 7,192 (7,309 in 2013).

History

In 1867 the gmina was established with Jednorożec as its seat. Gmina Jednorożec contained 586 houses and 4,376 inhabitants (in 1882) and was contained within an area of 35,391 hectares. In the Jednorożec gmina were the chapel, the office of the municipality, the municipal court, post border guards, forestry office, four tar factories, three windmills, and two inns.

Villages
Gmina Jednorożec contains the villages and settlements of Budy Rządowe, Drążdżewo Nowe, Dynak, Jednorożec, Kobylaki-Czarzaste, Kobylaki-Konopki, Kobylaki-Korysze, Kobylaki-Wólka, Lipa, Małowidz, Nakieł, Obórki, Olszewka, Parciaki, Połoń, Stegna, Ulatowo-Dąbrówka, Ulatowo-Pogorzel, Ulatowo-Słabogóra, Żelazna Prywatna and Żelazna Rządowa.

Coat of arms

The gmina was named Jednorożec (meaning “unicorn”) based on the local legend of a beekeeper who saw a unicorn in the area which was, at the time, a royal hunting preserve. According to the legend, Prince Janusz III Mazowiecki ordered the building of a hunting lodge on the spot, which he named Jednorożec (unicorn).

The coat of arms and the municipal flag consists of a unicorn,  a mythical beast symbolizing wisdom, intelligence, courage, speed, nobility, and peace,  accompanied by two bees. The unicorn is shown in the position of a Polish “battle” horse. The color green symbolizes the area’s forested Kurpie past, as well as the current  “green” values of the local inhabitants, and the green color also refers to the area as part of what was once “Poland’s Green Lungs.”

Gmina seat
The village of Jednorożec is the seat of the Gmina Jednorożec (administrative district) in Przasnysz County.

The municipal office is located in Jednorożec at ul. Reborn 14, 06-323 Jednorożec, and may be contacted by phone or e-mail:

tel. (29) 751-70-30

fax. (29) 751-70-31

E-mail: gmina@jednorozec.pl

Web address: www.jednorozec.pl

Current departments include:
•	 Mayor
•	 Secretary
•	 Treasurer
•	 Finance and Budget Office
•	 Investment and Development Team
•	 Head of the Office of Civil Status
•	 Independent Workplace Affairs and Local Government Personnel
•	 Independent Position for Defense, Civil Protection and Economic Crisis Management
•	 Independent Workplace - Computer Science
•	 Stand-alone post for Land Reclamation
•	 Project Coordinator

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Jednorożec is bordered by the gminas of Baranowo, Chorzele, Krasnosielc, Krzynowłoga Mała, Płoniawy-Bramura and Przasnysz, all of which lie in the Kurpie region of Poland.

See also
 Jednorożec
Kurpie

References

Jednorozec
Category:Przasnysz County


Jaʽlal

Ja`lal is a village in west-central Yemen. It is located in the San‘a’ Governorate.

External links
Towns and villages in the San‘a’ Governorate

Category:Villages in Sana'a Governorate


Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya (PFLL; Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير ليبيا) is a Gaddafi loyalist militia and political party which was formed on 26 December 2016.

Aims and ideology
The PFLL follows a Gaddafi loyalist agenda. The party maintains that the 2011 Libyan Civil War was the result of a conspiracy against Libya, and is aimed at clearing Libya "from control of terrorist organisations."

Timeline of activities

 26 December 2016: the PFLL was founded.
 October 2017: the PFLL was defeated in clashes with the Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade, leading to the arrest of the military leader, Al-Mabrouk Ehnish, on the 16th.
 March 2018: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi announced his intention to run in the 2019 Libyan general election under the PFLL.
 6 July 2019: it was reported that the PFLL had joined the Libyan National Army in the 2019 Western Libya offensive.
 30 September 2019: the coordinator of the group's Ajdabiya branch, Ahmed Abdel Mawla, held a speech wherein he praised the Libyan National Army's advances against anti-LNA factions, re-affirmed the PFLL's support for Saif and denounced the 2011 uprising as a Turkish-Qatari conspiracy. He stated that "Since the conspiracy erupted in 2011, we see what happened in the homeland of the violation of sovereignty, and the loss of its political decision, and here we urge and stress that we all join together and all loyal to fight terrorism and uproot from the roots, these guilty of this era of heretical terrorists who destroyed the country, They destroyed everything."
 3 November 2019: PFLL members held a demonstration in Bani Walid.
 7 February 2020: the PFLL held a panel discussion in Tunisia, titled "Tunisia's role in resolving the Libyan crisis between foreign interventions and the depth of belonging", wherein party members discussed the security situation in Libya in light of the civil war and the proliferation of arms carriers, as well as fears of foreign military intervention in Libya, which would further complicate the situation, according to participants. The panel was attended a number of Tunisian political parties.

References

External links
 Official website
Founding Declaration of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya

Category:2016 establishments in Libya
Category:Libyan Civil War (2014–present)
Category:Political parties established in 2016
Category:Political parties in Libya
Category:Rebel groups in Libya


Wiedemannia undulata

Wiedemannia undulata is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.

References

Category:Empididae
Category:Insects described in 1997
Category:Diptera of Europe


Live in Amsterdam (Toto album)

25th Anniversary: Live in Amsterdam is a live album by Toto, released in 2003, in the 25th anniversary of the band. And this was also the band's last live album to feature keyboardist/vocalist David Paich and bassist Mike Porcaro; Paich, before his semi-retirement from touring in 2005 until his return to the band in 2010 with Greg Phillinganes taking his place, and Porcaro, before his retirement from touring due to a ALS four years later and his death on March 15, 2015.

Track listing

CD

DVD/Blu-ray
All songs by David Paich, except where noted.

 Medley:
 "Girl Goodbye"
 "Goodbye Elenore"
 "Child's Anthem"
 "I'll Supply the Love"
 "Gift with a Golden Gun" (Bobby Kimball, David Paich)
 "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (George Harrison)
 "Bodhisattva" (Walter Becker, Donald Fagen)
 "Africa"
 "Keyboard Solo"
 "Dune"
 "Don't Stop Me Now" (Steve Lukather, David Paich)
 Medley: (Toto)
 "Waiting for Your Love"
 "Georgy Porgy"
 "Lion"
 "Hydra"
 "English Eyes"
 "Till the End"
 "I Won't Hold You Back" (Steve Lukather)
 "Rosanna"
 "Afraid of Love" (Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro)
 "Hold the Line"
 "Next to You"
 "Home of the Brave" (Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jimmy Webb, Joseph Williams)
 "White Sister"

Personnel
Bobby Kimball – lead and backing vocals
Steve Lukather – guitars, keyboards, lead and backing vocals
Mike Porcaro – bass guitar
David Paich – keyboards, lead and backing vocals
Simon Phillips – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
Tony Spinner – guitars, backing vocals
John Jessel – keyboards, backing vocals

References

Category:Toto (band) albums
Category:2003 live albums


Tyler Kalinoski

Tyler Kalinoski (born December 19, 1992) is an American basketball player for Teksüt Bandırma of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL).. Kalinoski was a McDonald's All-American nominee as a senior at Olathe East High School  in Kansas and completed his college career for the Davidson Wildcats. He was named Atlantic 10 Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year in 2015.

High school career
Kalinoski competed for Olathe East High School under coach Jim Super. He was named to the first-team All-Sunflower League in 2010 and 2011. As a senior, he averaged 17.1 points, 5.8 rebounds, 5.7 assists, and 2.2 steals per game, leading the team in all statistical categories. The Wichita Eagle and Topeka Capital Journal selected him to the 6A first-team all-state, and the Olathe News named him Player of the Year in his senior year. He was a McDonald's All-American nominee.

College career
Kalinoski was the last player recruited by Davidson. In his freshman year in 2011–12, Kalinoski posted averages of 4.7 points, 2.2 rebounds and 1.2 assists in 17.4 minutes a game. His best game was a 17-point outing in the quarterfinals of the Southern Conference tournament against Furman, in which he knocked down five 3-pointers. As a sophomore in 2012–13, he averaged 7.6 points, 2.8 rebounds and 1.6 assists in 22.6 minutes per game. On 13 occasions he scored in double figures.

As a senior in 2014–15, Kalinoski guided Davidson to a 23-6 record and Atlantic 10 regular season championship despite being picked 12th in the preseason coaches poll. He led Davidson in scoring with 16.9 points per game and finished second on the team with 5.7 rebounds per game. On March 9, 2015, CBS Sports named Kalinoski player of the week after he scored 22 points in a win over VCU and 32 points in a win over Duquesne. At the conclusion of the regular season he was named Atlantic 10 player of the year. Kalinoski hit a buzzer-beater to prevent a La Salle victory in the quarterfinals of the Atlantic 10 Tournament, capping a 14-point comeback.

Professional career
Kalinoski went undrafted in the 2015 NBA draft. On June 26, he signed with the Miami Heat to play in the 2015 NBA Summer League.  "I want to seize the moment and just go out and play," he said. When Summer League ended, Miami and the Charlotte Hornets were interested in signing him as a fringe player, with the perspective of spending most of the season in the NBA D-League.

After impressing at Summer League, Kalinoski opted against trying his luck in the NBA as a fringe player or in the NBA D-League, and he joined French League club Élan Chalon.

On July 22, 2016, Kalinoski joined Apollon Patras of the Greek Basket League.

He signed with the Antwerp Giants on June 21, 2017.

On July 31, 2019, he has signed contract with Teksüt Bandırma of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL).

References

Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
Category:American expatriate basketball people in France
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Greece
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Antwerp Giants players
Category:Apollon Patras B.C. players
Category:Bandırma B.İ.K. players
Category:Basketball players from Kansas
Category:Davidson Wildcats men's basketball players
Category:Élan Chalon players
Category:People from Overland Park, Kansas
Category:Shooting guards
Category:Sportspeople from the Kansas City metropolitan area


Kelham Island Museum

The Kelham Island Museum is an industrial museum on Alma Street, alongside the River Don, in the centre of Sheffield, England. It was opened in 1982.

The site
The island on which it is located is man-made, resulting from the construction of a mill race, in the 12th century, which diverted water from the River Don to power a corn mill belonging to the Lord of the Manor. It is reported that the island was subsequently named after the Town Armourer, Kellam Homer, who owned a grinding workshop on the neighbouring goit (mill race) in 1637.

Having remained meadowland for much of its existence, John Crowley's Iron Foundry was built on the site in 1829 and continued in operation until the 1890s. This building was replaced by a power station, in 1899, to provide electricity for the new fleet of trams in the city. These are the premises now occupied by the museum.

The Museum

The museum houses exhibitions on science and Sheffield industry, including examples of reconstructed little mesters' workshops and England's largest surviving Bessemer converter.  This object received an Engineering Heritage Award in 2004 from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. (Henry Bessemer's pilot converter is on display at the Science Museum (London)). The museum gives tours to local schools and has regular demonstrations of the 1905 River Don Engine, a 12,000 horsepower (9 MW) steam engine, which originally powered a local armour plate rolling mill. The engine is remarkable for its ability to change direction very quickly, a feature that was necessary for the efficient rolling of heavy steel. The engine rolled steel for nuclear reactors towards the end of its life (it was last used in production in 1978 at the River Don Works). The museum is operated by the Sheffield Industrial Museums Trust. It is an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage.

The Museum has a vast photographic archive which is used by authors for illustrating local history books.

The Museum suffered heavily in the Sheffield flood of 2007 but is now fully redisplayed and open to the public.

See also
 Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet - Former hand forge complex in listed buildings
 Ken Hawley
 Shepherd Wheel

References

External links

 Kelham Island Museum

Category:Sheffield Industrial Museums Trust
Category:Industry museums in England
Category:Museums in Sheffield
Category:European Route of Industrial Heritage Anchor Points
Category:Steam museums in England
Category:Transport museums in England
Category:Industrial archaeological sites in England


Samuil Marshak

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (alternative spelling: Samuil Yakovlevich Marchak) (; 4 July 1964) was a Russian and Soviet writer of Jewish origin, translator and poet who wrote for both children and adults. He translated the sonnets and some other of the works of William Shakespeare, English poetry (including poems for children), and poetry from other languages. Maxim Gorky proclaimed Marshak to be "the founder of Russia's (Soviet) children's literature."

Early years
Marshak was born to a Jewish family on 3 November 1887 in Voronezh. His father was a foreman at a soap-making plant.  He had a good home education and later studied at the gymnasium (secondary school) of Ostrogozhsk, a suburb of Voronezh. He started to write poetry during his childhood years in Voronezh. His brother Ilya (who wrote under the pseudonym M. Ilin) (1896—1953) and sister Liya (who wrote as Elena Ilina) (1901—1964) also both became Soviet authors.

In 1902, the Marshak family moved to Saint Petersburg. There was a complication: as a Jew, Marshak could not legally live outside the Pale of Settlement, thus he could not attend school while living in the city. Philanthropist and scholar Baron David Gunzburg took an interest in Marshak and introduced him to the influential critic Vladimir Stasov. Stasov was so impressed by the schoolboy's literary talent that he arranged an exception from the Pale laws for Samuil and his family. He also introduced Marshak to Maxim Gorky and Feodor Chaliapin.

In 1904, Samuil was diagnosed with tuberculosis and could no longer continue to live in the cold climate of Saint Petersburg. Maxim Gorky arranged for Samuil to live with his family in the Black Sea resort town of Yalta (1904–1907). Gorky and Chaliapin also paid for his education and therapy. However, he spent much of this period in Kerch, living with the Fremerman family.

Young poet, philosopher and translator
In 1904, he published his first works in the magazine Jewish Life and in the mid- to late 1900s, Marshak created a body of Zionist verse, some of which appeared in such periodicals as Young Judea. In 1907 he returned to Saint Petersburg and subsequently published numerous works in the popular magazine Satyricon.

Marshak failed to gain admission at a university in Russia due to 'political insecurity' and earned his living giving lessons and writing for magazines. From his first trip to the Middle East he brought back many impressions, poems and a beautiful wife.

In 1912 he moved to England and studied philosophy at the University of London. He fell in love with English culture and with poetry written in English. In his senior year at the University he published his translations of the poems written by William Blake, Robert Burns and William Wordsworth, published in Russia. His 1913 visit to an experimental "free" school in Wales (led by the Tolstoyan Philip Oyler) is noted as the event that sparked his professional interest in children.

Shortly before World War I, in 1914, he returned to Russia and devoted himself to translation.

Children's poetry
In 1914 Marshak and his wife worked with children of Jewish refugees in Voronezh. The death of Marshak's young daughter in 1915 directed him toward children's literature. In 1920 he moved to Ekaterinodar (now Krasnodar) to head the province's orphanages and it was there that he and a group of enthusiasts, including Elena Vasilieva, organized Children's town that included a children's theater, library, and studios. For this theater, he co-wrote plays that later became the book Theater for Children.

In 1922, Marshak moved back to what was then Petrograd to become the head of the Children's Literature Studio. He published the following works at the publishing house "Радуга" ("Rainbow"):
Детки в клетке (Kids in a cage), Пожар (Fire) 1923, Сказка о глупом мышонке (The Tale of a Silly Mouse), Синяя птица (Blue bird), Цирк (Circus), Мороженое (Ice Cream), Вчера и сегодня» (Yesterday and today) 1925, Багаж (Luggage) 1926, Пудель (Poodle), Почта (Post Office) 1927, and Вот какой рассеянный (What an absent-minded guy) 1930.

Marshak had a prolific career in children's literature. Soviet critic Viktor Shklovsky wrote that "Samuil Marshak understood that many new writers would appear in the new Soviet republic. He stood at the door of literature, a benevolent angel, armed not with a sword or with a pencil, but with words on work and inspiration."  Marshak's contributions to the field of children's literature was not just limited to his own writings. In 1924, he became the head of the children's branch of the state publishing house Gosizdat (GIZ), a position he held for over a decade. Through his role as editor, Marshak attracted some of Russia's best writers to try their hand at writing for children, including Evgeniy Shvarts and OBERIU member Daniil Kharms.

Translations
Among his Russian translations there are William Shakespeare's sonnets and songs from Shakespeare's plays, The Merry Wives of Windsor (together with Mikhail Morozov, who translated prosaic scenes), poems of Robert Burns, William Blake, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, William Wordsworth, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Robert Louis Stevenson, W. B. Yeats, Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, Rudyard Kipling, T. S. Eliot, A. A. Milne, English and Scottish folk ballads, poems from Nursery rhymes. Besides English poetry, he translated poems of Heinrich Heine, Sándor Petőfi, Gianni Rodari and Hovhannes Tumanyan.

His main work in this area is translation of Shakespeare's sonnets (1948). This translation has enjoyed great success over the years. Some Shakespeare sonnets in Marshak's translation have been set to music (in classical style by Dmitry Kabalevsky, in pop style by Tikhon Khrennikov, Mikael Tariverdiev, Alla Pugacheva and others, even in rock style — Kruiz). His translations are considered classics in Russia. But many of Marshak's poetic translations became so entrenched in Russian culture, that it was often quipped that he was not so much a translator as a co-author.

Later years

In 1937 Marshak moved to Moscow, where he worked on children's books and translations. During World War II, he published satires against the Nazis. After the war he continued to publish children's books including: Разноцветная книга (Multicolored book) 1948, Круглый год (All year round) 1948, Тихая сказка (A Quiet tale) 1956, etc.

In the last years of his life, he wrote aphoristic verses that he named lyrical epigrams. They were published in his last book, Selected Lyrics (Избранная Лирика) in 1963. He also published three tale plays: The Twelve Months 1943, Afraid of Troubles - Cannot Have Luck 1962, and Smart Things 1964.

Although not widely known, in the Soviet era, Marshak was on a (political) razor's edge and barely escaped death in 1937. His name was often mentioned in the documents of the eliminated Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. However, the process of the committee ended in August 1952 (12 executed and 98 subjected to repression) and Marshak was not accused. In 1953 with the death of Josef Stalin and the onset of Khrushchev Thaw Marshak was out of danger. There is an opinion that Stalin's death saved Marshak from inevitable death in the period of the fight against cosmopolitism.

Samuil Marshak died on 4 July 1964 and was buried in Moscow.

Honours and awards

 Four Stalin Prizes
second class (1942) - a poetic text to posters and cartoons
second class (1946) - for the play-tale "Twelve Months" (1943)
second class (1949) - translations of sonnets by William Shakespeare
first class (1951) - a collection of "Verses for Children"
 Lenin Prize (1963) - for the book "Selected poetry for children" (1962) and children's books: "A quiet tale", "Big pocket", "The Adventure of the road", "Calm down", "From one to ten", "Vaks Blob", "Who can find a ring", "Merry journey from A to Z".
 Two Orders of Lenin, incl 1939
 Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1945)
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour
 Honorary president of Robert Burns World Federation (1960)
 In 2012, his books were included in an exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art

See also

Vladimir Lebedev (painter) - he illustrated many of Marshak's books
The Twelve Months (1956 film)
Twelve Months (1980 film)

References

External links

Samuil Marshak poetry at Stihipoeta
Marshak's site
Biography of Marshak

Category:1887 births
Category:1964 deaths
Category:People from Voronezh
Category:People from Voronezh Governorate
Category:Russian Jews
Category:Russian translators
Category:Translators of William Shakespeare
Category:Jewish poets
Category:Russian children's writers
Category:Soviet dramatists and playwrights
Category:Russian male poets
Category:Soviet children's writers
Category:Soviet male writers
Category:20th-century Russian poets
Category:20th-century male writers
Category:Soviet Jews
Category:Soviet poets
Category:Children's poets
Category:Stalin Prize winners
Category:Lenin Prize winners
Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class
Category:Russian male dramatists and playwrights


Pleasanton Independent School District

Pleasanton Independent School District is a public school district based in Pleasanton, Texas (USA).

In 2011, the School District was rated "Academically Acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

The ratings varied greatly from campus to campus with the Primary, Elementary and Intermediate campuses receiving a rating of Recognized, the Junior High received a rating of Academically Acceptable while the High School and the School of Choice were rated as Academically Unacceptable.

Schools
In the 2017-2018 school year, the district had students in seven schools.
High schools
Pleasanton High School (Grades 9-12)
Middle schools
Pleasanton Junior High (Grades 6-8)
Elementary schools
Pleasanton Elementary (Grades 2-5)
Pleasanton Primary (Grades EE-2)
Alternative schools
Pleasanton ISD School of Choice (Grades 9-12)
Atascosa County Alternative School (Grades 5-12)
Pleasanton ISD Reassignment and Opportunity Center (Grades 6-12)

References
2011 T.E.A. Accountability System - District and School Accountability Ratings

External links
Pleasanton ISD

Category:School districts in Texas
Category:School districts in Atascosa County, Texas


Ubir

Ubir (Chuvash: Вупăр (Vupăr) or Вупкăн (Vupkăn), Tatar: Убыр, Turkish: Ubır) is a mythological or folkloric being in Turkic mythology who subsist by feeding on the life essence (generally in the form of blood) of living creatures, regardless of whether it is undead person or being.

Ubirs were usually reported as bloated in appearance, and ruddy, dark in colour; these characteristics were often attributed to the recent drinking of blood. The causes of vampiric generation were many and varied in original folklore. In Turkic and Slavic traditions, any corpse that was jumped over by an animal, particularly a dog or a cat, was feared to become one of the undead. Ubirs are reanimated corpses that kill living creatures to absorb life essence from their victims.

Tales of supernatural beings consuming the blood or flesh of the living have been found in nearly every culture around the world for many centuries. Almost every nation has associated blood drinking with some kind of revenant or demon, or in some cases a deity. A story is told about blood drinking in the Epic of Ural-Batyr. Once when the parents were gone hunting, Shulgen was challenging Ural to drink the blood of animal at home, that was left by parents. Ural refused to do it. Then Shulgen drank the blood himself.  Parents cursed their son Shulgen and rejected him.

In Slavic culture
The word has parallels in virtually many Slavic languages: Czech and Slovak upír, and (perhaps East Slavic-influenced) upiór, Ukrainian упир (upyr), Russian упырь (upyr'), Belarusian упыр (upyr), from Old East Slavic упирь (upir'). The exact etymology is unclear. Among the proposed proto-Slavic forms are ǫpyrь and ǫpirь. Another, less widespread theory, is that the Slavic languages have borrowed the word from a Turkic term for Ubır or Ubar "witch". Czech linguist Václav Machek proposes Slovak verb "vrepiť sa" (stick to, thrust into), or its hypothetical anagram "vperiť sa" (in Czech, archaic verb "vpeřit" means "to thrust violently") as an etymological background, and thus translates "upír" as "someone who thrusts, bites".

An early use of the Old Russian word is in the anti-pagan treatise "Word of Saint Grigoriy" (Russian Слово святого Григория), dated variously to the 11th–13th centuries, where pagan worship of upyri is reported.

Common Slavic belief indicates a stark distinction between soul and body. The soul is not considered to be perishable. The Slavs believed that upon death the soul would go out of the body and wander about its neighbourhood and workplace for 40 days before moving on to an eternal afterlife. Thus pagan Slavs considered it necessary to leave a window or door open in the house for the soul to pass through at its leisure. During this time the soul was believed to have the capability of re-entering the corpse of the deceased. Much like the spirits mentioned earlier, the passing soul could either bless or wreak havoc on its family and neighbours during its 40 days of passing. Upon an individual's death, much stress was placed on proper burial rites to ensure the soul's purity and peace as it separated from the body. The death of an unbaptized child, a violent or an untimely death, or the death of a grievous sinner (such as a sorcerer or murderer) were all grounds for a soul to become unclean after death. A soul could also be made unclean if its body were not given a proper burial. Alternatively, a body not given a proper burial could be susceptible to possession by other unclean souls and spirits. Slavs feared unclean souls because of their potential for taking vengeance.

From these deep beliefs pertaining to death and the soul derives the invention of the Slavic concept of Ubır. A vampire is the manifestation of an unclean spirit possessing a decomposing body. This undead creature needs the blood of the living to sustain its body's existence and is considered to be vengeful and jealous towards the living. Although this concept of vampire exists in slightly different forms throughout Slavic countries and some of their non-Slavic neighbours, it is possible to trace the development of vampire belief to Slavic spiritualism preceding Christianity in Slavic regions.

These applications are similar to the Turkish culture.

References

Bibliography
 Cheung, Theresa: The Element Encyclopedia Of Vampires. Harper Collins Publishers, London 2009,
 Maiello, Giuseppe: Vampyrismus v kulturních dějinách Evropy. Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, Praha 2005, 190 s.
 Türk Söylence Sözlüğü (Turkish Mythological Dictionary), Deniz Karakurt, (OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)
 Türk Mitolojisi Ansiklopedik Sözlük, Celal Beydili, Yurt Yayınevi (Page - 435)

External links
 Upiri: od mrtvol k supermanům

Category:Turkic legendary creatures
Category:Chuvash folklore
Category:Evil deities


Srinagar

Srinagar () is the largest city and the summer capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It lies in the Kashmir Valley on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus, and Dal and Anchar lakes. The city is known for its natural environment, gardens, waterfronts and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dried fruits. It is the northernmost city of India with over one million people.

Origin of name
The earliest records, such as Kalhana's Rajatarangini, the name Siri-nagar  (or Sri-nagara) is mentioned, which in turn is a local transformation of the Sanskrit name Sūrya-nagar, meaning "City of the Sun". The name Sri-nagar is also used in the records of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.

Alternatively, it may have drawn its name from two Sanskrit words: śrī (venerable), and nagar (city), which would make it the "City of Wealth".

History

Ancient period

The Burzahom archaeological site 10 km from Srinagar has revealed the presence of neolithic and megalithic cultures.

According to Kalhana's 12th century text Rajatarangini, a king named Pravarasena II established a new capital named Pravarapura (also known as Pravarasena-pura). Based on topographical details, Pravarapura appears to be same as the modern city of Srinagar. Aurel Stein dates the king to 6th century.

Kalhana mentions that a king named Ashoka had earlier established a town called Srinagari. Kalhana describes this town in hyperbolic terms, stating that it had "9,600,000 houses resplendent with wealth". According to Kalhana, this Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. Kalhana states that this king adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka.

Multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the 3rd century Buddhist Mauryan emperor Ashoka despite these discrepancies. Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script.

Ashoka's Srinagari is generally identified with Pandrethan (near present-day Srinagar), although there is an alternative identification with a place on the banks of the Lidder River. According to Kalhana, Pravarasena II resided at Puranadhishthana ("old town") before the establishment of Pravarapura; the name Pandrethan is believed to be derived from that word. Accordining to V. A. Smith, the original name of the "old town" (Srinagari) was transferred to the new town.

Srinagar in 14th to 19th centuries

The independent Hindu and Buddhist rule of Srinagar lasted until the 14th century when the Kashmir valley, including the city, came under the control of the several Muslim rulers, including the Mughals. It was also the capital during the reign of Yusuf Shah Chak. Kashmir came under Mughal rule, when it was conquered by the third Mughal badshah (emperor) Akbar in 1586 CE. Akbar established Mughal rule in Srinagar and Kashmir valley. Kashmir was added to Kabul Subah in 1586, until Shah Jahan made it into a separate Kashmir Subah (imperial top-level province) with seat in Srinagar.

With the disintegration of the Mughal empire after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, infiltration in the valley of the Afghan tribes from Afghanistan and Hindu Dogras from the Jammu region increased, and the Afghan Durrani Empire and Dogras ruled the city for several decades.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler from the Punjab region annexed a major part of the Kashmir Valley, including Srinagar, to his kingdom in the year 1814 and the city came under the influence of the Sikhs.

In 1846, the Treaty of Lahore was signed between the Sikh rulers and the British in Lahore. The treaty inter alia provided British de facto suzerainty over the Kashmir Valley and Maharaja Gulab Singh, a Hindu Dogra from the Jammu region became a semi-independent ruler of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar became part of his kingdom and remained until 1947 as one of several princely states in British India. The Maharajas choose Sher Garhi Palace as their main Srinagar residence.

Post independence

After India and Pakistan's independence from Britain, villagers around the city of Poonch began an armed protest at the continued rule of Maharaja Hari Singh on 17 August 1947. In view of the Poonch uprising, certain Pashtun tribes such as the Mehsuds and Afridis from the mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, with the backing of the Pakistani government, entered the Kashmir valley to capture it on 22 October 1947. The Maharaja, who had refused to accede to either India or Pakistan in hopes of securing his own independent state, signed the Instrument of Accession to India in exchange for refuge on 26 October 1947, as Pakistani-backed tribesmen approached the outskirts of Srinagar. The accession was accepted by India the next day. The government of India immediately airlifted Indian Army troops to Srinagar, who engaged the tribesmen and prevented them from reaching the city.

In 1989, Srinagar became the focus of the insurgency against Indian rule. The area continues to be a highly politicised hotbed of separatist activity with frequent spontaneous protests and strikes ("bandhs" in local parlance). On 19 January 1990, the Gawakadal massacre of  at least 50 unarmed protestors by Indian forces, and up to 280 by some estimates from eyewitness accounts, set the stage for bomb blasts, shootouts, and curfews that characterised Srinagar throughout the early and mid-1990s. Further massacres in the spring of 1990 in which 51 allegedly unarmed protesters were allegedly killed by Indian security forces in Zakura and Tengpora heightened anti-Indian sentiments in Srinagar. As a result, bunkers and checkpoints are found throughout the city, although their numbers have come down in the past few years as militancy has declined. However, frequent protests still occur against Indian rule, such as the 22 August 2008 rally in which hundreds of thousands of Kashmiri civilians protested against Indian rule in Srinagar. Similar protests took place every summer for the next 4 years. In 2010 alone 120 protesters, many of whom were stone pelters and arsonists, were killed by police and CRPF. Large scale protests were seen following the execution of Afzal Guru in February 2013. In 2016, after the death of militant Burhan Wani a militant leader, there were mass unrest in the valley and about 87 protesters were killed by Indian Army, CRPF and police in the 2016 Kashmir unrest.

The city also saw increased violence against minorities, particularly the Hindu Kashmiri Pandits, starting from mid-1980s and resulting in their ultimate exodus. Posters were pasted to walls of houses of Pandits, telling them to leave or die, temples were destroyed and houses burnt; but a very small minority of pandits still remains in the city. The recent years have seen protests in Srinagar from local Kashmiri pandits for protection of their shrines in Kashmir and their rights.

Geography

The city is located on both the sides of the Jhelum River, which is called Vyath in Kashmir. The river passes through the city and meanders through the valley, moving onward and deepening in the Wular Lake. The city is known for its nine old bridges, connecting the two parts of the city.

There are a number of lakes and swamps in and around the city. These include the Dal, the Nigeen, the Anchar, Khushal Sar, Gil Sar and Hokersar.

Hokersar is a wetland situated near Srinagar. Thousands of migratory birds come to Hokersar from Siberia and other regions in the winter season. Migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia use wetlands in Kashmir as their transitory camps between September and October and again around spring. These wetlands play a vital role in sustaining a large population of wintering, staging and breeding birds.

Hokersar is  north of Srinagar, and is a world class wetland spread over  including lake and marshy area. It is the most accessible and well-known of Kashmir's wetlands which include Hygam, Shalibug and Mirgund. A record number of migratory birds have visited Hokersar in recent years.

Birds found in Hokersar are migratory ducks and geese which include brahminy duck, tufted duck, gadwall, garganey, greylag goose, mallard, common merganser, northern pintail, common pochard, ferruginous pochard, red-crested pochard, ruddy shelduck, northern shoveller, common teal, and Eurasian wigeon.

Climate
Srinagar has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). The valley is surrounded by the Himalayas on all sides. Winters are cool, with daytime temperature averaging to  , and drops below freezing point at night. Moderate to heavy snowfall occurs in winter and the highway connecting  Srinagar with the rest of India faces frequent blockades due to icy roads and avalanches. Summers are warm with a July daytime average of . The average annual rainfall is around . Spring is the wettest season while autumn is the driest. The highest temperature reliably recorded is  and the lowest is .

Economy

In November 2011, the City Mayors Foundationan advocacy think tankannounced that Srinagar was the 92nd fastest growing urban areas in the world in terms of economic growth, based on actual data from 2006 onwards and projections to 2020.

Tourism
Srinagar is one of several places that have been called the "Venice of the East". Lakes around the city include Dal Lakenoted for its houseboats and Nigeen Lake. Apart from Dal Lake and Nigeen Lake, Wular Lake and Manasbal Lake both lie to the north of Srinagar. Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia.

Srinagar has some Mughal gardens, forming a part of those laid by the Mughal emperors across the Indian subcontinent. Those of Srinagar and its close vicinity include Chashma Shahi (the royal fountains); Pari Mahal (the palace of the fairies); Nishat Bagh (the garden of spring); Shalimar Bagh; the Naseem Bagh.
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Botanical Garden is a botanical garden in the city, set up in 1969. The Indian government has included these gardens under "Mughal Gardens of Jammu and Kashmir" in the tentative list for sites to be included in world Heritage sites.

The Sher Garhi Palace houses administrative buildings from the state government. Another palace of the Maharajas, the Gulab Bhavan, has now become the Lalit Grand Palace hotel.

The Shankaracharya Temple which lies on a hill top in the middle of the city, besides the Kheer Bhawani Temple are important Hindu temples in the city.

Government and politics
The city is run by the Srinagar Municipal Corporation (SMC). The Srinagar district along with the adjoining Budgam and Ganderbal districts forms the Srinagar Parliamentary seat.

Stray dog controversy
Srinagar's city government attracted brief international attention in March 2008 when it announced a mass poisoning program aimed at eliminating the city's population of stray dogs. Officials estimate that 100,000 stray dogs roam the streets of the city, which has a human population of just under 900,000. In a survey conducted by an NGO, it was found that some residents welcomed this program, saying the city was overrun by dogs, while critics contended that more humane methods should be used to deal with the animals.

The situation has become alarming with local news reports coming up at frequent intervals highlighting people, especially children being mauled by street dogs.

Demographics

As of 2011 census Srinagar urban agglomeration had 1,273,312 population. Both the city and the urban agglomeration has average literacy rate of approximately 70%. The child population of both the city and the urban agglomeration  is approximately 12% of the total population. Males constituted 53.0% and females 47% of the population. The sex ratio in the city area is 888 females per 1000 males, whereas in the urban agglomeration it is 880 per 1,000. The predominant religion of Srinagar is Islam with 96% of the population being Muslim. Hindus constitute the second largest religious group representing 2.75% of the population. The remaining population constitutes Sikhs, Buddhist and Jains.

Transport

Road
The city is served by many highways, including National Highway 1A and National Highway 1D.

Air
Srinagar International Airport has regular domestic flights to Leh, Jammu, Chandigarh, Delhi and Mumbai and occasional international flights. An expanded terminal capable of handling both domestic and international flights was inaugurated on 14 February 2009 with Air India Express flights to Dubai. Hajj flights also operate from this airport to Saudi Arabia.

Rail

Srinagar is a station on the  long Banihal-Baramulla line that started in October 2009 and connects Baramulla to Srinagar, Anantnag and Qazigund. The railway track also connects to Banihal across the Pir Panjal mountains through a newly constructed 11 km long Banihal tunnel, and subsequently to the Indian railway network after a few years. It takes approximately 9 minutes and 30 seconds for a train to cross the tunnel. It is the longest rail tunnel in India. This railway system, proposed in 2001, is not expected to connect the Indian railway network until 2017 at the earliest, with a cost overrun of 55 billion INR.
The train also runs during heavy snow.

There are proposals to develop a metro system in the city. The feasibility report for the Srinagar Metro is planned to be carried out by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.

Cable car

In December 2013, the 594m cable car allowing people to travel to the shrine of the Sufi saint Hamza Makhdoom on Hari Parbat was unveiled. The project is run by the Jammu and Kashmir Cable Car Corporation (JKCCC), and has been envisioned for 25 years. An investment of 300 million INR was made, and it is the second cable car in Kashmir after the Gulmarg Gondola.

Boat
Whilst popular since the 7th century, water transport is now mainly confined to Dal Lake, where shikaras (wooden boats) are used for local transport and tourism. There are efforts to revive transportation on the River Jhelum.

Culture

Like the state of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar too has a distinctive blend of cultural heritage. Holy places in and around the city depict the historical cultural and religious diversity of the city as well as the Kashmir valley.

Places of worship
There are many religious holy places in Srinagar. They include:
 Hazratbal Shrine, only domed mosque in the city.
 Jama Masjid, Srinagar, one of the oldest mosques in Kashmir
 Khanqah-e-Moula, first Islamic centre in Kashmir
 Aali Masjid, in Eidgah Locality
 Hari Parbat hill hosts shrine of Sharika Mata temple
 Zeashta Devi Shrine a holy shrine for Kashmiri Hindus
 Shankaracharya temple
 Kheer Bhawani Temple
 Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi, located on Hari Parbat
 Pathar Masjid
 All Saints Church, Srinagar
 Holy Family Catholic Church (Srinagar)

Additional structures include the Dastgeer Sahib shrine, Mazar-e-Shuhada, Roza Bal shrine, Khanqah of Shah Hamadan, Pathar Masjid ("The Stone Mosque"), Hamza Makhdoom shrine, tomb of the mother of Zain-ul-abidin, tomb of Pir Haji Muhammad, Akhun Mulla Shah Mosque, cemetery of Baha-ud-din Sahib, tomb and Madin Sahib Mosque at Zadibal.

The Sheikh Bagh Cemetery is a Christian cemetery located in Srinagar that dates from the British colonial era. The oldest grave in the cemetery is that of a British colonel from the 9th Lancers of 1850 and the cemetery is valued for the variety of persons buried there which provides an insight into the perils faced by British colonisers in India. It was damaged by floods in 2014. It contains a number of war graves. The notable interments here are Robert Thorpe and Jim Borst.

Performing arts

Education

Srinagar is home to The National Institute of Technology Srinagar, formerly known as Regional Engineering College (REC Srinagar). It is one of the oldest  among the National Institutes of Technology that were established during the second Five year plan. Other educational institutions are:

Schools
 Tyndale Biscoe School
 Presentation Convent Higher Secondary School
 Burn Hall School
 Mallinson Girls School
 Delhi Public School, Srinagar
 Woodlands House School
 Saint Solomon High School
 Little Angels High School, Srinagar
 Modern High School, Solina, Srinagar
 Green Valley Educational Institute

Medical colleges
 Government Medical College, Srinagar
SMHS Hospital
 Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar
Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology

Universities
 University of Kashmir
 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
 Central University of Kashmir

General degree colleges
 Amar Singh College
 Sri Pratap College
 Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar

Sports
The city is home to the Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium, where international cricket matches have been played.
The first international match was played in 1983 in which West Indies defeated India and the last international match was played in 1986 in which Australia defeated India by six wickets. Since then no international matches have been played in the stadium due to the security situation (although the situation has now improved quite considerably). Srinagar has an outdoor stadium namely Bakshi Stadium for hosting football matches. It is named after Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad. The city has a golf course named Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar located on the banks of Dal lake, which is considered as one of the best golf courses of India. Football is also followed by the youth of Srinagar and Polo ground is maintained for the particular sports recently. There are certain other sports being played but those are away from the main city like in Pahalgam (Water rafting), Gulmarg (skiing).

See also
 Kashmir conflict
 Downtown (Srinagar)
 Kashmir Shaivism
 List of State Protected Monuments in Jammu and Kashmir
 List of colleges in Srinagar
 Lal Chowk

References

Bibliography
Hewson, Eileen. (2008) Graveyards in Kashmir India. Wem, England: Kabristan Archives.

External links

Srinagar district administration
Official website of Jammu and Kashmir
Delhi to Srinagar train

Category:Cities and towns in Srinagar district
Category:Cities and towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Category:Indian Union Territory capitals
Category:Municipal corporations in Jammu and Kashmir


Dorogobuzhsky District

Dorogobuzhsky District  () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Dorogobuzh. Population: 29,077 (2010 Census);  The population of Dorogobuzh accounts for 36.9% of the district's total population.

Sights
The 18th-century estate of Aleksino used to be reputed for its stud-farm of Orlov stallions. The Boldin Monastery, dating from the 15th century, was renovated by the Godunov family in the late 16th century. The Godunovs commissioned a five-domed cathedral, a tented refectory, and a pillar-like bell-tower to be built there. According to Pyotr Baranovsky, the abbey represented the best-preserved 16th-century monastery complex in Eastern Europe. It was blown up by the retreating Germans in 1943 but was partly rebuilt in the 1990s.

References

Notes

Sources

Category:Districts of Smolensk Oblast
__NOTOC__


2012 in astronomy

Special Event of the year
 June 6 – The second and last solar transit of Venus of the century. The next pair is predicted to occur in 2117 and 2125.

Transits of Venus across the disk of the Sun are among the rarest of planetary alignments. Indeed, only seven such events have occurred since the invention of the telescope (1631, 1639, 1761, 1769, 1874, 1882 and 2004). The next transit of Venus will occur on 6 June 2012.

Eclipses
Two solar and two lunar eclipses take place in 2012 as follows.

 Annular Solar eclipse of May 20, 2012
 Partial Lunar eclipse of June 04, 2012
 Total Solar eclipse of November 13, 2012
 Penumbral lunar eclipse of November 28, 2012

External links

Category:2012 meteorology
Category:2012 in spaceflight


Little Joe 6

The Little Joe 6 was a launch escape system test of the Mercury spacecraft, conducted as part of the U.S. Mercury program. The mission used a boilerplate Mercury spacecraft. The mission was launched October 4, 1959, from Wallops Island, Virginia. The Little Joe 6 flew to an apogee of  and a range of . The mission lasted 5 minutes 10 seconds. Maximum speed was  and acceleration was 5.9 g (58 m/s²). Payload .

See also
 Little Joe
 Boilerplate (spaceflight)

Category:Project Mercury
Category:1959 in spaceflight


2010 Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips 400

The 2010 Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race that was held on June 13, 2010 at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan. Contested over 200 laps, it was the fifteenth race of the 2010 Sprint Cup Series season. The race was won by Denny Hamlin for the Joe Gibbs Racing team. Kasey Kahne finished second, and Kurt Busch, who started first, clinched third.

Pole position driver Busch maintained his lead into the first turn to begin the race, but Jamie McMurray, who started in the second position on the grid, passed him to lead the first lap. Hamlin soon became the leader and would lead a race high of 123 laps. On the final restart, Hamlin started beside Kahne. Hamlin held onto first to claim his first Sprint Cup Series win at Michigan and his fifth of the season.

There were four cautions and nineteen lead changes among nine different drivers throughout the course of the race. The result left Kevin Harvick in the first position in the Drivers' Championship, twenty-two points ahead of second place driver Kyle Busch and forty-seven ahead of Denny Hamlin. Chevrolet maintained its lead in the Manufacturers' Championship, six points ahead of Toyota and thirty-eight ahead of Dodge, with twenty-one races remaining in the season. A total of 95,000 people attended the race, while 4.3 million watched it on television.

Report

Background

Michigan International Speedway is one of six superspeedways to hold NASCAR races, the others being Daytona International Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Pocono Raceway and Talladega Superspeedway. The standard track at Michigan International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is  long. The track's turns are banked at eighteen degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at twelve degrees. The back stretch, has a five degree banking. Michigan International Speedway can seat up to 119,500 people.

Before the race, Kevin Harvick led the Drivers' Championship with 2,063 points, and Kyle Busch stood in second with 2,044 points. Denny Hamlin was third in the Drivers' Championship with 1,927 points, Matt Kenseth was fourth with 1,893 points, and Kurt Busch was in fifth with 1,881 points. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Chevrolet was leading with 100 points, twelve points ahead of their rival Toyota. Dodge, with 61 points, was three points ahead of Ford in the battle for third. Mark Martin was the race's defending champion.

Practice and qualifying

Three practice sessions were scheduled before the race — one on Friday, June 11, 2010, and two on Saturday, June 12, 2010. The first practice session lasted only 70 minutes, but was scheduled to be 90 minutes. The Saturday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted sixty minutes. In the first practice session, which was held under mostly cloudy conditions, Juan Pablo Montoya was fastest, ahead of Jimmie Johnson and Kurt Busch in second and third. Greg Biffle and Jeff Gordon followed in fourth and fifth. In the morning practice session, Paul Menard was the quickest, with a time of 38.824 seconds while Carl Edwards, Jeff Burton, Jimmie Johnson, and Jeff Gordon followed in second, third, fourth and fifth. During the third practice session, Jimmie Johnson, was the fastest, ahead of Paul Menard in second, Denny Hamlin in third, Jeff Gordon in fourth, and Kevin Harvick in fifth.

During Friday afternoon's qualifying session, forty-six cars were entered,  but only the fastest forty-three were able to enter the race. Kurt Busch clinched his second pole position of 2010, with a time of 37.898 seconds. He was joined on the front row of the grid by Jamie McMurray. Jimmie Johnson and Kasey Kahne shared the second row in the third and fourth position, while Jeff Burton, with a time of 38.00 seconds, qualified fifth. The three drivers that failed to qualify were Dave Blaney, Michael Waltrip and Johnny Sauter.

Race summary
The race, the fifteenth out of a total of thirty-six in the season, began at 1 p.m. EDT and was televised live in the United States on TNT. To begin pre-race ceremonies, at 1:00 p.m. EDT, Fr. Geoff Rose, OSFS, from Lumen Christi High School in Jackson, Michigan, gave the invocation. Then, the Army Chorus A Capella Team performed the national anthem, and, in a dedication to the troops, Adam Sandler and Kevin James sang the command, "Gentlemen, start your engines!", in a wacky and musical manner, which has since been cited as one of the best and most memorable commands in NASCAR history. Three drivers had to move to the rear from making major adjustments to their race car after first practice, they were Kyle Busch, with an engine change, Clint Bowyer, who changed to a back-up car, and Kevin Conway because of a transmission change.

Kurt Busch made a good start, retaining the first position; Jamie McMurray behind him maintained the second position. At the end of the first lap, McMurray passed Busch. One lap later, Busch reclaimed the first position. By lap 3, Kasey Kahne and Jimmie Johnson had passed McMurray to put him in the fourth position. McMurray dropped to sixth place on the sixth lap. On lap 7, Kahne started catching the leader, and McMurray announced on the team's radio that his car was loose. On lap 11, Max Papis went to the garage (the place where teams repair or park their car) because of overheating problems. On lap 18, Marcos Ambrose spun through the grass, to cause the first caution. Afterward, most drivers made pit stops for fuel and tires while Joe Nemechek decided to stay out to lead one lap. On the same lap, Todd Bodine drove his car to the garage.

On lap 22, the green flag waved, as Tony Stewart led Kurt Busch, Jimmie Johnson, Juan Pablo Montoya, and Kasey Kahne on the restart. Stewart dropped to third after being passed by Kurt Busch and Montoya. Two laps later, Joe Nemechek went to garage with electrical problems. On lap 26, Jimmie Johnson moved into the third position after passing Montoya. By lap 27, Kurt Busch had a two-second lead over Tony Stewart. Johnson, Stewart and Kahne were battling three-wide for the second position on lap 30. One lap later, Nemechek returned to the track after having electrical problems. On lap 33, the top-five positions were single file with Kurt Busch in first, Kahne in second, Johnson in third, Denny Hamlin in fourth and Stewart in fifth. A lap later, Bobby Labonte went to garage because of overheating problems. On lap 37, Landon Cassill went to the garage with rear gear problems. Afterward, on lap 41, J.J. Yeley drove to the garage because of overheating problems, but he returned to the track four laps later.

On the forty-eighth lap, debris in turn two brought out the second caution. Robby Gordon and David Gilliland stayed out while the other teams made pit stops. Gordon and Gilliand made pit stops the next lap and gave the lead to Kurt Busch. Kurt Busch brought the field to the green flag with Hamlin in second, Montoya in third, Johnson in fourth, and Kahne in fifth on lap 51. After Hamlin made a good restart he passed Kurt Busch on lap 52. Afterward, on lap 54, Landon Cassill returned to the track while J.J. Yeley returned to the garage. Kahne passed Montoya for the third position. After 67 laps, Hamlin had a 2.4 second lead over Kurt Busch in the second position. On lap 87, green flag pit stops began. One lap later, most drivers in the first ten positions made pit stops. Denny Hamlin, who was in the first position, came to pit road on lap 92, but had problems leaving which gave Kurt Busch the lead.

On laps 94–95, Kurt Busch in first, and Kahne in second were battling for the lead, but Kahne did not pass Kurt Busch until one lap later. After the green flag pit stops, Kahne was first, Kurt Busch in second, Hamlin in third, Montoya in fourth and Jeff Gordon in fifth. On lap 99,  Scott Speed spun after contact with his teammate Casey Mears, and brought out the third caution. One lap later, Sam Hornish, Jr. stayed out as other teams made pit stops. On lap 101, Casey Mears collided with David Ragan while on pit road. Mears drove to the garage the following lap. On lap 103, Hornish, Jr. led Kurt Busch, Jeff Gordon, Hamlin and Kahne on the restart. Three laps later, Kurt Busch passed teammate Hornish, Jr. Afterward, Hornish, Jr. dropped to fourth. On lap 113, Hamlin passed Kurt Busch for the lead in turn three. On lap 119, Kahne passed Kurt Busch for the second position.

On lap 126, Hamlin had a 2.8 second lead over Kahne. Seven laps later, Stewart passed Jeff Burton for the fifth position. By lap 134, the green flag pit stops began. Hamlin, Kahne, and Stewart made pit stops, as Matt Kenseth became the new leader. Two laps later, Hamlin regained the lead from Kenseth. On lap 146, Hamlin was in first, Kahne in second, Kurt Busch in third, Jeff Gordon in fourth, and Greg Biffle in fifth. Four laps later, Ryan Newman told his crew that his car was not running correctly from hitting a piece of aluminum. On lap 154, Hamlin was leading by seven seconds over Kahne. Most teams started making pit stops for fuel only on lap 161. On lap 177, Kahne became the leader as Hamlin made a pit stop. Kahne made a pit stop on lap 178 to give the lead back to Hamlin;. On lap 179, Hamlin was leading by nine seconds. With twenty laps to go, Hamlin was first, Kahne was second, Kurt Busch was third, Jeff Gordon was fourth, and Biffle was fifth.

The fourth caution came out on lap 181 because of debris on the back straightaway. The first nine positions stayed off of pit road while the rest made pit stops. On lap 186, Hamlin made a good start and maintained the first position. On lap 188, Jimmie Johnson, who restarted twelfth, had moved up to the sixth position. On lap 193, Hamlin had a growing lead over Kahne. Denny Hamlin crossed the line to win the race, a second ahead of second place Kasey Kahne. Kurt Busch maintained third while Jeff Gordon and Tony Stewart finished fourth and fifth.

Post-race

Denny Hamlin appeared in victory lane after his victory lap to start celebrating his fifth win of the season, and his first Sprint Cup win at Michigan International Speedway, in front of a crowd of 95,000 people. "It’s so easy to drive cars like this," Hamlin said. He also stated, "We never stop working, regardless of whether we’ve got a nine-10ths-of-a-second lead or a nine-second lead."

Kasey Kahne, who finished second, said, "I hung with him for about three laps running in his kind of dirty air. I was right there. Then he just slowly crept away. It felt good. We were close. That’s a huge improvement. I was pretty happy." "We had a similar [fuel] issue at the start of the Pocono race last year where we broke a fuel cable," Hamlin said after the race. "I thought maybe that’s what we did. When I went to take off [after his stop], it immediately shut off. While it was "a downer, I was pretty confident we weren’t going to have it again. Because Mike [Ford, crew chief] never really gave me an alarm we were going to be stretching it on fuel." In the subsequent press conference, Hamlin's crew chief said,
"Towards the end of last season, where I said the best is yet to come, I strongly felt that way because towards the end of last season we closed out the season strong. I knew that was a catalyst to really turn up the team, to get a little bit more out of everyone. Denny goes down with his knee injury. He comes back, obviously not 100 percent. The team steps up. We narrow the gap to try to pick him up knowing he's not going to be there, and we start winning races, even with a driver that is not 100 percent. Now that he's coming back healthier each week, we're winning more and more. I simply think that's the catalyst for us to move forward. It's easier when the morale is high to get a little bit more out of your guys. Our benchmark is ourselves and we're just trying to work on that."

The race left Kevin Harvick leading the Driver's Championship with 2,169 points. Kyle Busch, who finished twentieth, was second on 2,147, twenty-five points ahead of Hamlin in second and ninety-six ahead of Kurt Busch in third. Matt Kenseth was fifth with 2,019 points. Chevrolet maintained their lead in the Manufacturers' Championship with 103 points. Toyota placed second with 97 points, and Dodge followed with 65 points, now even with Ford. 4.3 million people watched the race on television. The race took two hours, thirty-three minutes and twenty-eight seconds to complete, and the margin of victory was 1.246 seconds.

Race results

Standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Manufacturers' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips 400
Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips 400
Category:NASCAR races at Michigan International Speedway


Arteche Group

Arteche is a multinational corporation headquartered in Mungia, Spain. Arteche develops equipment and solutions for the electric power industry, including generation, transmission and distribution.

The company employs almost 2,400 people on 4 continents (2014). Arteche  equipment is installed in more than 150 countries.

Arteche divides its operations into three business units: instrument transformers, power grid and turnkey solutions.

History

First years

After nine years in exile due to the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War, Aurelio de Arteche y Arana (1908–1983) returned to Bilbao, his hometown, in 1946 to accomplish his main life objective: creating a company like Usines Balteau, S.A., a company he knew during his exile in Belgium.

Thanks to help from friends, family and Marcel Balteau, Aurelio founded EAHSA, Electrotecnica Arteche Hermanos, S.A., in December 1946.

EAHSA manufactured Balteau's Instrument Transformers for the Spanish and Portuguese markets.

1954 to 1974
1954-74 was a period of stronger growth for Arteche. Manufacturing Balteau's Instrument Transformers and ICE-Paris's Auxiliary Relays. The company grew over 22,8% per year.

During these years, Arteche expanded in the national market, becoming a benchmark for the Spanish power industry.

Aurelio decided that producing under license presented major disadvantages, primarily inability to develop its own technology, and inability to export to other markets.

1974 to 1995
In 1973, Arteche ended its relationship with Usines Balteau, S.A. and with ICE-Paris.

The company sought the ability to export beyond the Iberian Peninsula, objected the grant of a license to a rival Portuguese company, and Usines Balteau's refusal to create a common technology center. The separation from ICE-Paris was triggered by frequent supply problems.

However, the main reason was Arteche's desire to internationalize and develop its own products, technologies and solutions.

During this period growth shrank to 1,5% per year. A substantial portion of the company resources were devoted to the development of new products and solutions and to open new markets.

Arteche completed several milestones during this period, such as the production of its own Auxiliary Relays (1976), Instrument Transformers up to 765 kV (1981) and Electronic Instrument Transformers (1990). During these years, Arteche had its first sales in South America (1976) and North America (1993).

1995-
Arteche entered Asia (2004) and Oceania (2010), while adding products include Voltage Transformers for GIS substations and Optical Current Transformers (2010).

Arteche added solutions for Automation and Distribution equipment (2003), Power Quality solutions (2005), solutions for substation construction (2005) and Turnkey Projects for wind farms.

In 2012 Arteche changes its visual identity, adapting its logotype. The new logo is based upon a fractal, a succession of almost parallel lines, a structure that repeats itself at different levels, with Arteche's colours in gradients.

Activities

Business units

Arteche has nearly 2,400 employees in four continents, with equipment installed in more than 150 countries. The company is organized in three business units:
 Instrument Transformers: first independent instrument transformer manufacturer with presence in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Oceania.
 Power Grid: manufacturer and developer of primary equipment to improve transmission and distribution management, power generation and industrial power systems, with auxiliary relays for critical applications, power generation and industrial power systems, with auxiliary relays for critical applications, power quality, switchgear, automation distribution, protection and measurement. The unit operates in Europe, North and South America, Middle East and Asia.
 Turnkey Solutions: turnkey solutions for renewable energy, substations and distribution lines, with presence in North and South America and Europe.

Research and development
R&D+I activities in Arteche Group have trended upwards, from less than 2,5% to more than 3,3% in 2014.

Arteche has the largest ultra high voltage laboratory in Spain, one of Europe's largest, which allow the Company to test Instrument Transformers over 1.200kV.

Group companies

Arteche Group is structured into subsidiary companies in Europe, America, Asia and Oceania.European companies are located in Spain, in the cities of Mungia, Vitoria or Madrid.
Arteche has companies in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, US, India, China and UAE.

References

External links
 http://www.arteche.com
 https://www.arteche.com/en/rdi
 https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=127154
 http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/arteche.php#.WG0YKlPhDIU
 https://www.arteche.com/en/system/files/u120468/arteche16_70_en.pdf

Category:Technology companies established in 1946
Category:1946 establishments in Spain
Category:Technology companies of Spain


Mulawad

Mulawad  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Basavana Bagevadi taluk of Bijapur district in Karnataka.

Demographics
 India census, Mulawad had a population of 6383 with 3240 males and 3143 females.

See also
 Bijapur district
 Districts of Karnataka

References

External links
 http://Bijapur.nic.in/

Category:Villages in Bijapur district, Karnataka


Marco Dominguez

Marco Leonel Dominguez-Ramirez (born February 25, 1996) is a Canadian soccer player who plays for Antigua GFC in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala.

Club career

FC Montreal
Dominguez began his youth career with Braves d'Ahuntsic where he played for six years before joining the Montreal Impact Academy in 2013. On March 13, 2015, Dominguez joined FC Montreal, a USL affiliate club of the Montreal Impact, for their inaugural season. He made his professional debut on May 14 in the club's first win their history, defeating the Charleston Battery 1–0. At the conclusion of the 2016 USL season, FC Montreal would cease operations after 2 seasons.

FC Cincinnati
In January 2017, FC Cincinnati announced that they had signed Dominguez for the 2017 USL season. At the end of the season, FC Cincinnati announced that they would not exercise their option to keep Dominguez.

Antigua GFC
On May 4, 2018 Dominguez signed with Guatemalan National League side Antigua GFC.

International career
Dominguez was a member of the Canadian under-17 side that competed at the 2013 CONCACAF U-17 Championship as well as the 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

References

External links
 Canada Soccer profile

Category:1996 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Canadian soccer players
Category:Soccer people from Quebec
Category:Sportspeople from Montreal
Category:Black Canadian sportspeople
Category:Canadian people of Dominican Republic descent
Category:Canadian people of Guatemalan descent
Category:Canadian expatriate soccer players
Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Category:FC Montreal players
Category:FC Cincinnati (2016–18) players
Category:Antigua GFC players
Category:USL Championship players
Category:Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala players
Category:Canada men's youth international soccer players


J. C. Snead

Jesse Carlyle "J. C." Snead (born October 14, 1940) is an American professional golfer who has won many tournaments on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour. Snead is the nephew of the legendary Sam Snead.

Snead, who preferred if people called him by his middle name Carlyle, was born in Hot Springs, Virginia. He attended East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, Tennessee, where he was a member of Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. He played pro baseball in the Washington Senators farm system before becoming a professional golfer in 1964. He joined the PGA Tour in 1968.

Snead won eight tournaments on the PGA Tour, four on the Champions Tour, and one in international competition. He was a member of the 1971, 1973 and 1975 Ryder Cup teams. Snead's biggest career disappointment is that he never won a major championship on the PGA Tour; however, Snead made his career mark as one of the tour's most consistent players with more than 7 million dollars in career earnings. Snead recorded two runner-up finishes in majors. He finished 2nd at 1973 Masters Tournament and in a tie for 2nd at the 1978 U.S. Open. He was also twice runner-up in The Players Championship, in 1974 and 1976, behind Jack Nicklaus on both occasions.

In 2003, Snead was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

In his free time Snead enjoys hunting and farming. He has one son, Jason, who was born in 1978. He currently resides in Hobe Sound, Florida.

Professional wins (15)

PGA Tour wins (8)

PGA Tour playoff record (3–1)

Australian Tour wins (1)
 1973 Australian Open

Other wins (1)
1980 Jerry Ford Invitational (tie with Hubert Green)

Champions Tour wins (4)

Champions Tour playoff record (2–3)

Senior major championship is shown in bold.

Other senior wins (2)
2011 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Demaret Division (with Gibby Gilbert)
2012 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Demaret Division (with Gibby Gilbert)

Results in major championships

Note: Snead never played in The Open Championship.

CUT = missed the half-way cut
DQ = disqualified
"T" indicates a tie for a place

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 14 (1973 PGA – 1979 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (four times)

Results in The Players Championship

CUT = missed the halfway cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place

Champions Tour major championships

Wins (1)

1 Won with birdie on the first playoff hole.

See also
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins

References

External links

Category:American male golfers
Category:East Tennessee State Buccaneers men's golfers
Category:PGA Tour golfers
Category:PGA Tour Champions golfers
Category:Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Category:Winners of senior major golf championships
Category:Golfers from Virginia
Category:Golfers from Florida
Category:Statesville Owls players
Category:Middlesboro Senators players
Category:Raleigh Capitals players
Category:Geneva Senators players
Category:American people of Irish descent
Category:People from Hot Springs, Virginia
Category:People from Hobe Sound, Florida
Category:1940 births
Category:Living people


Sentral Organisasi Buruh Republik Indonesia

Sentral Organisasi Buruh Republik Indonesia ('Central Labour Organization of the Republic of Indonesia', abbreviated SOBRI) was an Indonesian trade union centre. SOBRI was founded in Bandung in 1951. SOBRI functioned as the trade union wing of the Murba Party.

Leadership
By 1955, Sjaman Harju Udaya was the chairman of SOBRI, Budyarto Martoadmodjo the general secretary, Slamet Djojosumitro the executive secretary and Ibnu Parna the organising secretary. By 1958, Slamet Djojosumitro served as general secretary, Ibnu Parna as first secretary, E. Curdian as second secretary and Mansur Bogok as international secretary.

International affiliation
In October 1953, following the death of Joseph Stalin, SOBRI joined the World Federation of Trade Unions. Moreover, in late 1953 SOBRI announced that it would cooperate with the Communist Party of Indonesia-dominated SOBSI.

Membership
The strength of SOBRI was mainly concentrated to Java. In 1955, the total membership of SOBRI was estimated at around 30,000. As of June 1956, SOBRI had 39,936 registered members (However, SOBRI itself claimed to have 125,325 members at this juncture). By June 1957, SOBRI had 43,862 registered members. By late 1957, Regional Labour Offices reported a total membership of 116,928. By March 1958 SOBRI claimed a membership of 281,000.

Affiliated unions
As of August 1955, SOBRI counted with 14 affiliated trade unions. By the end of 1957, the number had dipped to eight. By late 1958 SOBRI had nine affiliated unions. The SOBRI-affiliated trade union in the plantation estate sector was Sarbupri-SOBRI, one of several smaller unions that had begun to challenge the hegemony of the SOBSI-affiliated Sarbupri amongst the estate workers.

Merger into FSBI
SOBRI merged into Federasi Seluruh Buruh Indonesia in 1973, as did all other trade union centres in the country.

References

Category:Trade unions established in 1951
Category:1951 establishments in Indonesia
Category:1973 disestablishments in Indonesia
Category:Organizations disestablished in 1973
Category:Trade unions in Indonesia
Category:World Federation of Trade Unions


Stine, Nevada

Stine is an extinct town in Lincoln County, in the U.S. state of Nevada.

History
A post office called Kershaw was established in 1892, the name was changed to Stine in 1904, and the post office closed in 1909. The community was named after Marcus Stine, a businessperson in the mining industry. Variant names were "Cana" and "Stine Station".

References

Category:Ghost towns in Lincoln County, Nevada


Natalia Linichuk

Natalya Vladimirovna Linichuk (; born 6 February 1956) is a Russian ice dancing coach and former competitive ice dancer for the Soviet Union. With partner and husband Gennadi Karponosov, she is the 1980 Olympic champion and a two-time World champion.

Competitive career
Linichuk began skating due to her mother who enjoyed figure skating. She had a dozen coaches before ending up in the group of Elena Tchaikovskaia, who Linichuk soon sensed was the right coach for her.

Linichuk and Karponosov trained at Dynamo in Moscow. They won the World Universiade in 1972, and were bronze medalists at the 1974 and 1977 World Championships. They also finished 4th at the 1976 Winter Olympics, the year ice dancing was introduced as an Olympic sport.

Linichuk and Karponosov became World champions in 1978 and 1979. They won the European Championships in 1979 and 1980, after winning a silver medal in 1978, and bronze medals from 1974 through 1977.

Linichuk and Karponosov won the 1980 Olympics, but failed to defend their World title, making them the only team ever to unsuccessfully defend a World title after winning the Olympics. In 1981, Linichuk and Karponosov retired from competition.

Coaching career

After coaching in Moscow, Linichuk and Karponosov accepted an offer to coach in the U.S. They moved with their students in June 1994 and coached at the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware. In September 2007, they moved to the Ice Works Skating Complex in Aston, Pennsylvania.

Their current and former senior-level students include:
 Tanith Belbin / Benjamin Agosto (coached from mid-2008 to 2010). 2009 World silver medalists for the U.S.
 Galit Chait / Sergei Sakhnovsky (World bronze medalists)
 Albena Denkova / Maxim Staviski (coached from mid-2005 to 2007). 2006, 2007 World Champions for Bulgaria.
 Oksana Domnina / Maxim Shabalin (coached from mid-2008 to 2010). 2010 Olympic bronze medalists for Russia.
 Oksana Grishuk / Evgeni Platov (Olympic and World champions). Coached Grishuk from the age of 11 until 1989 and then from 1992 to 1996.
 Natalia Gudina / Alexei Beletski
 Anjelika Krylova / Vladimir Fedorov (World bronze medalists)
 Anjelika Krylova / Oleg Ovsyannikov (World champions, Olympic silver medalists)
 Irina Lobacheva / Ilia Averbukh (World champions, Olympic silver medalists)

Their current and former junior-level students include:
 Lauri Bonacorsi / Travis Mager (from May 2010) 2011 U.S. Junior silver medalists
 Ekaterina Pushkash and Jonathan Guerreiro (coached from mid-2010 to 2014). 2011 World Junior silver medalists for Russia.

Personal life
Linichuk accepted Karponosov's proposal after they retired from competition. She had one prior marriage. Linichuk and Karponosov were married on 31 July 1981. Their daughter, Anastasiya Karponosova, was born in February 1985. The couple initially lived in Moscow and then moved to the United States in the early '90s.

Competitive highlights

References

External links

Picture of Linichuk and Karponosov, 1979-1980 season
Picture of Linichuk with students Margaglio and Mezzadri
 Care to Ice Dance? - Linichuk & Karponosov

Navigation

Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Moscow
Category:Soviet female ice dancers
Category:Russian female ice dancers
Category:Dynamo sports society athletes
Category:Olympic figure skaters of the Soviet Union
Category:Figure skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Category:Figure skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Category:Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Category:Russian figure skating coaches
Category:Olympic medalists in figure skating
Category:World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Category:European Figure Skating Championships medalists
Category:Female sports coaches
Category:Medalists at the 1980 Winter Olympics


WPBO

WPBO may refer to:

 Whitefish Point Bird Observatory
 WPBO (TV), a defunct television station (channel 42 analog/43 digital) licensed to Portsmouth, Ohio, United States, formerly rebroadcasting WOSU-TV


Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 242

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 242 (P. Oxy. 242 or P. Oxy. II 242) is an official notice to the agoranomos to register a sale, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to 8 December 77. Currently it is housed in the University Library of Graz in Austria.

Description
This document is one of three, along with P. Oxy. 241 and P. Oxy. 243, which follow a legal formula that has not been found outside of the Oxyrhynchan administrative area.  These three documents involve mortgages of slaves, land, or houses.  The salient difference is that these three documents are addressed to the agoranomeion (the office of the agoranomoi) rather than an office generally (γραΦείον). This indicates that in Oxyrhynchus, the agoranomeion functioned as a repository for records.

The papyrus contains an official notification to the agoranomos to register a contract for the sale of some land.  With this notification is a receipt from a banker for sales tax paid.  The seller is a woman named Thermouthion, who, with her husband as guardian, had agreed to sell some land in the neighborhood of the temple of Sarapis to some priests.  The contract stipulates that the land should remain dedicated to the god and not be resold or used as a source of income.

Both this papyrus and the next one in the series, P.Oxy. 243, are extremely important as they allow the value of Ptolemaic copper coinage in silver to be calculated.  This document states the price paid for the land in both metals.  The ratio established is 1 silver drachma to 450 copper drachmae.

The measurements of the fragment are 237 by 115 mm.

It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.

See also
 Oxyrhynchus Papyri

References

242
Category:1st-century manuscripts