Barrie

Barrie is a city, and manifesting regional centre in Central Ontario, Canada, positioned on the shores of Kempenfelt Bay, the western arm of Lake Simcoe. The city is located geographically within Simcoe County, however, it is a politically independent single-tier municipality.  It is part of the historically significant Huronia region of Central Ontario and is within the northern part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe, a densely populated and industrialized region of Ontario. As of the 2016 census, the city's population was 141,434 making it the 34th largest in Canada in terms of population proper. The Barrie census metropolitan area (CMA) as of the same census had a population of 197,059 residents, making the city the 21st largest CMA in Canada. The city itself has seen significant growth in recent decades due to its emergence as a bedroom community, and its relatively close proximity to the city of Toronto. Barrie is situated approximately  from the Toronto Pearson International Airport and  from Downtown Toronto, representing the city's highly centralized and historically strategic geographical orientation and its ease of access to major centres and airports across the region.

The Barrie area was first settled during the War of 1812 as a key supply depot for British forces. It would be named twenty years later for Sir Robert Barrie, who consistently commanded forces through the region. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Barrie's emergence as a bedroom community for the city of Toronto grew in prominence, and its economy would be wrapped around the education, healthcare, information technology and service sectors. Being located in the climatically deterrent snowbelt region of southern Ontario, Barrie is notorious for its deluging snow squalls in the winter. In the summer, its position within a convergence of breezes originating from the surrounding Great Lakes can provoke intense thunderstorms. Barrie's climate is fairly seasonal, with average January minimums of  and average July highs of .

Barrie is a tourist destination, with shops, restaurants, boutiques, and access to Kempenfelt Bay.

History
At its inception, Barrie was an establishment of houses and warehouses at the foot of the Nine Mile Portage from Kempenfelt Bay to Fort Willow, an aboriginal transportation route that existed centuries before Europeans arrived in Simcoe County. The portage linked Kempenfelt Bay through Willow Creek, connecting Lake Simcoe to the Nottawasaga River which flows into Georgian Bay off Lake Huron.

Barrie played an integral role in the War of 1812. During the war, the city became a supply depot for British forces, and in addition, the Nine Mile Portage was adopted by the British military as a key piece of their supply line which provided a strategic path for communication, personnel, and vital supplies and equipment to and from Fort Willow and Georgian Bay/Lake Huron. Today, the Nine Mile Portage is marked by signs along roads in Barrie and in Springwater Township. The scenic path from Memorial Square to Fort Willow is accessible to visitors year-round.

The city was named in 1833 after Sir Robert Barrie, who was in charge of the naval forces in Canada and frequently commanded forces through the city and along the Nine Mile Portage.

Barrie was also the final destination for a branch of the Underground Railroad. In the mid-19th century, this network of secret routes allowed many American slaves to enter Barrie and the surrounding area. This contributed to the development (and name) of nearby Shanty Bay.

In 1846, the population of Barrie was roughly 500, mostly from England, Ireland and Scotland. A private school, three churches, a brick courthouse and a limestone jail, (built in 1842), were in operation. Local businesses included three taverns, six stores, three tanneries, a wagon maker, a bakery, a cabinet maker and six shoemakers, as well as a bank.

In 1869, Barrie became the county seat of Simcoe County, flourishing with a population of over 3,000 people. It was a station of the Northern Railway, and was situated on Lake Simcoe's western arm, known as Kempenfelt Bay. Throughout the latter of the 19th century, Steamships ran from Barrie to the Muskoka Territory, Orillia and other communities, and stages were taking passengers to Penetanguishene.

The period of 1870 to 1890 defined Barrie's downtown development with a series of raging fires that sequentially destroyed multiple landmarks, giving rise to the moniker that Barrie was "among the best burning towns in Canada."  Many local businesses like breweries, tanneries and sawmills depended on fire to operate, endangering the ramshackle assortment of wooden homes and buildings that made up the city centre. One of the most destructive fires came in mid-1875, when the entire section north of Dunlop to Collier, bounded by Clapperton and Owen Streets, was reduced to ash, destroying around 20 local businesses. After this period, the modern streets and buildings of Barrie began to take form in a massive rebuilding process. Other landmarks to eventually burn down over the years include the Barrie Opera House (1926), The Queen's Hotel (1915) and two of Barrie's largest and most prominent companies; the Sevigny Carriage Shop and the Anderton Brewery in 1916.

In the midst of World War I, dedicated residents of Barrie helped to hastily construct Canadian Forces Base Borden (CFB Borden) as a means of additional support, and to serve as a major training centre of Canadian Expeditionary Force battalions. The base would open on July 11, 1916, and since then has become the largest Canadian Forces Base in the country, playing a paramount role through the remainder of the war, and throughout history.

During World War II, the Royal Canadian Navy named a  .

On September 7, 1977, a private aircraft dropped to an altitude of  in dense fog, and struck the  CKVR-TV tower, killing all five occupants aboard the plane and destroying the tower and antenna. The station's  auxiliary tower was also destroyed, and damage had been inflicted on the roof of the main studio. CKVR was back on the air in the weeks following using a temporary  tower; a power reduction of nearly 40,000 watts occurred upon their return to the air on September 19 at 8:55 p.m. The new 1,000-foot tower was rebuilt in 1978.

On May 31, 1985, an F4 tornado struck Barrie, touching down in Essa Township, less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Highway 400 and the Barrie city limits. At approximately 4:00 PM, all electrical power in Barrie went out, as the Grand Valley/Tottenham tornado took out the main hydro transformers southwest of the city. It then entered the southern part of Barrie shortly before 5:00 PM, causing devastating damage in the subdivisions within its immediate path. The visibility in the general vicinity had been reduced drastically as the tornado was cloaked in heavy rain and dust. It became known as one of the most violent and deadliest tornadoes in Canadian history, claiming the lives of 8 within the city and injuring over 155 people. A state of emergency had been issued for the city that evening, with services from surrounding municipalities being required as the weeks following wore on.

Between June 12–13, 1987, a sculpture called Spirit Catcher by Ron Baird was moved to Barrie from Vancouver, British Columbia, where it had been exhibited as part of Expo '86. The sculpture was erected permanently at the foot of Maple Avenue on the shore of Kempenfelt Bay and has since become a principal facet in the Barrie city skyline and tourism. However, with the re-development along the waterfront and Lakeshore Drive, the city is considering moving the Spirit Catcher to a gravel outcropping at the foot of Bayfield Street.

On January 12, 2004, the former Molson Brewery in south Barrie was found to be home to an illegal marijuana grow-op housing an estimated 30,000 marijuana plants with an estimated street value of $30 million; at the time, it was the largest marijuana grow-op bust in Canada's history.

Barrie's Park Place (formerly Molson Park) was chosen to host Live 8 Canada on July 2, 2005. The overall success of the concert contributed to a plan to convert the prior Molson Park lands into a commercial district. On October 31, 2006, commercial real estate developers North American Acquisition Inc (NAA), a subsidiary of North American Development Group, LLC (NADG) won an Ontario Municipal Board (OMB) appeal of a rezoning application that had been previously denied by the City of Barrie to rezone the new Park Place lands from general industrial to business park zones, and general commercial or mixed employment. The proposal was followed by several concepts, including a box store abstraction originally conceived in 2002. The development of the lands was halted temporarily in 2009 due to disputes with the past OMB appeal, and construction of the complex would resume in 2010.

An explosion in the Royal Thai restaurant, housed in the landmark Wellington Hotel at the "Five Points" intersection in downtown Barrie, occurred at 11:20 PM on December 6, 2007. The fire quickly spread to several neighbouring buildings, and firefighters battled the blaze well into the following morning, requiring assistance from other Simcoe County fire services. Officials estimated the damages to be in the millions. The one-hundred-year-old Wellington Hotel building collapsed later in the morning. On February 17, 2008, two people were charged in connection with the fire after the Ontario Fire Marshal's office concluded the explosion and subsequent fire were the result of arson.

Geography
Barrie is located in the central portion of Southern Ontario, approximately  north of Toronto,  south southeast of Sudbury, and  west southwest of Ottawa, within the Greater Golden Horseshoe subregion. It is additionally located approximately  southeast of the sought-after summertime destination, Wasaga Beach, and  south of the Muskoka District Municipality and cottage country, accessible via Highways 26, 400, and 11.

Barrie's historic downtown area is situated in a distinct curved or wrapped valley, surrounding the western edge of Kempenfelt Bay. The terrain is generally flat near the city's centre, with small but relevant hills and valleys being prominent astride the aforementioned. Moving up the valley slopes toward the city's north and south ends, and the terrain can be rather steep in some areas. The earth flattens considerably just outside the city's limits to the south and northeast, especially beyond the airport where vast expanses of vegetation and farmland are most notable. The land surrounding Barrie is rich with agricultural activity. Barrie falls into Plant Hardiness Zone 5b.

The city does not have any major rivers within its limits but does have numerous creeks and streams, most of which empty into Kempenfelt Bay.

Interurban communities

 Letitia Heights
 Cundles
 Ardagh Bluffs
 The Grove
 Eastview
 Holly
 Downtown
 Painswick
 Allandale
 Minet's Point

Expansion
Barrie has been designated an Urban Growth Centre by the Province of Ontario (Places to Grow Simcoe Area, 2009). Its population growth, largely due to its emergence as a bedroom community for Toronto, has given rise to the development of numerous subdivisions on the southern side of the city. Barrie successfully annexed  of land from the neighbouring Town of Innisfil to the south and southeast on January 1, 2010. The annexation comprised lands south beyond McKay Road and west of the 10th Sideroad, and as far south as Lockhart Road on the east side of the 10th Sideroad. The annexation was intended to allow Barrie to meet its growing population demands without having to extend into the lush countryside on the northern, western, and eastern lakeside boundaries of the city's limits.

Climate

Barrie has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with warm, humid summers, and cold, snowy winters. The city is situated on Lake Simcoe, a climatically insignificant body of water. Barrie is located in close proximity to Georgian Bay, which, along with the Great Lakes, act as a "buffer" of sorts, moderating year-round temperatures to a fair extent, while combined with the lake effect can spawn blinding snow squalls in the winter, and strong thunderstorms in the spring and summer.

The average July maximum in Barrie is , while the average January minimum is . Barrie experiences four distinct seasons, with considerable variance in length. As a result of the rapid passage of weather systems (such as high- and low-pressure systems), the weather is variable from day to day in all seasons, similar to Toronto, the city's southern neighbour,. Barrie does not, however, see the effects of diurnal temperature variation, owing to its northerly location and rural outskirts. The city can be subject of noticeably cooler afternoons in the spring and early summer, due to the influence of a lake breeze since nearby lakes, such as Lake Huron, are cool relative to the air during these seasons. These aforementioned "lake breezes" mostly occur throughout the summer, bringing much-needed relief on hot days. Other low-scale maritime effects on the climate include constant lake-effect snow in the winter, fog, and delaying of spring- and fall-like conditions, known as seasonal lag.

Winters are typically cold with frequent snow. During the winter months, temperatures are usually below . Barrie winters sometimes feature cold snaps when maximum temperatures remain below , often made to feel colder by a biting wind chill. Occasionally, temperatures can drop below . Snowstorms, sometimes mixed with ice and rain, can disrupt work and travel schedules, while accumulating snow can fall anytime from late-October until mid-April. However, on the contrary, mild bouts also occur in most winters, melting any accumulated snow. The summer months are characterized by very warm temperatures and muggy conditions. Daytime temperatures are normally above , and often rise above . However, they can sometimes surpass , accompanied by high humidity. The short transitional seasons of spring and autumn have generally mild or cool temperatures with alternating periods of dry and wet. Daytime temperatures average around  during these seasons.

Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, but summer is usually the wettest season, the bulk falling during thunderstorms. Barrie is known for heavy thunderstorm activity in the late spring and summer months, all due to its location within a convergence of breezes originating from Georgian Bay, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. There can be short periods of dry weather, but drought-like conditions are rare. The average yearly precipitation is about , with an average annual snowfall of about .

The highest temperature ever recorded in Barrie was  on July 5, 1911. The coldest temperature ever recorded was  on January 8, 1866.

Demographics

Barrie is one of the most populous municipalities and census metropolitan areas in the Greater Golden Horseshoe subregion. In the 2016 census, the city's population increased to 141,434, a growth of 3.9 per cent over the 2011 population of 136,063. The median age is 38.5 years, somewhat lower than the provincial average of 39.0 years. The census metropolitan area of Barrie is 197,059, and consists of the city proper; the town of Innisfil directly to the south, west of Lake Simcoe's southern arm (population 36,566); and the township of Springwater in the agricultural north (population 19,059). Barrie has a total land area of  in its metropolitan area, with a significant portion of the precinct being farmland or grassland. Roughly 40% of the Barrie census metropolitan area is developed land.

In the 2016 census, Barrie's "bedroom community" for that of the city of Toronto distinction would be represented once again in another census by its demography. Barrie's median household income was $113,575, far higher than Ontario's median of $74,287, potentially depicting the higher-paying occupations available in the Greater Toronto Area as opposed to those offered within city limits. Barrie's economic stature is not lacking, however several jobs are offered across different fields locally. Barrie's average commute time is the third highest in Ontario at 59 minutes, also possibly displaying the populous' tendency to work abroad in the more desirable and opportunity-oriented south. Barrie's average dwelling value was $395,994, demonstrating a lower household cost than the provincial mean of about $517,000 and a national average of roughly $496,500.

Barrie is approximately 84.2% white, 10.3% visible minorities and 5.5% aboriginal. The largest visible minority groups in the city are Black (2.7%), South Asian (2.2%), Chinese (1.2%) and Latin American (1.1%).

The city's bilingualism is rather distinguished with a fair francophone population of about 9,660 people (or 6.8% of the total population). This proportion is higher than the Ontario average of 2.4%. Some 92.2% of the population speak mostly English at home. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the residents of Barrie are predominantly Christian. Around 67% of the population claims adherence to Christian denominations with a Catholic, United Church and Anglican majority, accounting for 41.2%, 14.2% and 13.7% respectively of the total separate Christian statistical figure. Those with no religious affiliation accounted for 31% of the population, and other religions such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and other religions all constitute around one per cent of the population. The few visible minorities Barrie boasts display a figure of 7.4%, far less when compared to the Canadian average of 19.1%.

Religious affiliation

Economy
The following are some of the city's major employers:

 Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre
 Georgian College and the associated University Partnership Centre and Centre for Health and Wellness
 City of Barrie
 County of Simcoe
 Simcoe County District School Board
 TD Canada Trust and TD Waterhouse Regional Centre
 TD Canada Trust Technology and Operations Centre
 Scotiabank Regional Centre
 BMO Data Centre
 IBM Canada Leadership Data Centre
 The Source Distribution Centre
 Coca-Cola Bottling Company
Canadian Mental Health Association - Simcoe
 Hydro One Ontario Grid Control Centre

Notwithstanding these major employers, Barrie has increasingly been perceived as a bedroom community for people commuting to Toronto, which is approximately  south of Barrie. Approximately 32% of the resident-employed labour force (17,040 persons/53,400 persons) commute out of Barrie for employment purposes; however, approximately 28% of the resident-employed labour force (14,880 persons/53,400 persons) commute into Barrie for employment for a net out-commuting figure of only 4.26% (17,040 persons –14,880 persons)/(50,665 persons employed in Barrie)). Source: 2001 Census and City of Barrie Economic Development.

Tourism

Tourism plays an important role in the local economy. Barrie's historic downtown and waterfront are at the heart of its tourism industry. Downtown Barrie hosts many older buildings that have been kept up over the years or given new facades that exemplify their historical importance.  Many speciality shops, boutiques, pubs and restaurants are located throughout downtown Barrie, most notably along Dunlop Street East.  Downtown Barrie is becoming well known for its fashion boutiques, local art, live theatre, indie-music and nightlife scenes.

In addition, downtown Barrie is home to numerous annual festivals and events such as The Barrie Waterfront Festival, Barrielicious, Winterfest, Celebrate Barrie, Ecofest, Jazz & Blues Festival, Promenade Days, Ribfest and Craft Beer Show, Caribfest, Lawnchair Luminata, Kempenfest, The New Music Festival, Barrie Film Festival, Santa Claus Parade and the New Year's Countdown.

In the summer months, the city boasts several beaches including Minet's Point Beach, Johnsons Beach, The Gables, Tyndale Beach, and Centennial Beach. Boating in also very popular in Kempenfelt Bay and Lake Simcoe as it connects to the Trent Severn Waterway.  In 2011, Barrie's waterfront was under redevelopment, with the relocation of several roadways to provide more greenspace and parkland along the lakeshore.

There are numerous winter recreation activities and facilities in the surrounding area, including skiing, snow tubing and snowboarding resorts, snowmobile trails and ice fishing.  Recreational activities include skiing at nearby Horseshoe Resort, Snow Valley, Mount St. Louis Moonstone and Blue Mountain.

Arts and culture

Barrie is home to vibrant performing and fine arts scenes.  There are a number of live performance companies including Theatre by the Bay, Talk Is Free Theatre and the Huronia Symphony. Grove Park Home is the practice hall for On-Stage Performance Group which performs in Cookstown. The Strolling Youth Players, and the Kempenfelt Community Players also all perform in Barrie. In addition, an annual live concert series is hosted by Georgian College.

There are two main performing arts venues in the city: the Five Points Theatre, and the Georgian Theatre.  Originally, the Five Points Theatre was known as The Mady Centre For The Performing Arts, but it was renamed in January 2018. It is located in Barrie's downtown at the Five Points intersection and was completed in 2011.  This modern facility is home to many professional and amateur cultural productions, film screenings, theatrical plays, concerts, dance recitals and other performances. It is also the main venue for Theatre by the Bay and the Talk Is Free Theatre Companies.  The venue features a flexible stage area with lighting and sound for professional theatre, music, dance, and other presentations, an automated riser/seating system with capacity for 120 to 200 seats and a sprung performance floor.

The Georgian Theatre is a professional performing arts facility located in Barrie's north end on the campus of Georgian College.  The theatre features a proscenium stage, sound, lights, fly gallery, and seating for 427 on the main level with 3 pods which can be used to increase the seating capacity to 690. The Theatre is used for both theatrical and non-theatrical activity including conferences and seminars.

The prominent MacLaren Art Centre is located in Barrie.  This is an innovative art gallery that inspired the "Art City" project, which has had many different large sculptures installed around the city. These can be found in parks and along the scenic waterfront.  The MacLaren Art Centre is a large and beautiful building on Mulcaster Street in downtown Barrie.  International and Canadian artists display in the three main galleries.  A permanent collection of art is growing, the Radio Cafe, a gift shop, film nights, speakers, theatre and many children's programs and community art projects are just a small part of the gallery's mandate. The gallery contributes overall to a vibrant arts community in the Barrie area with it leading edge arts.

Barrie is also home to many independent galleries and studios. A concentration of independent galleries, studios and boutiques is located in Lakeshore Mews.  This area is located behind the downtown's Dunlop Street, and provides a location where one-of-a-kind items can be purchased.  Lakeshore Mews artists also organize the annual "Arts ce Soir"; an all-night contemporary art event in celebration of visual, musical, theatrical and literary art.  In addition, a studio tour in the Barrie/Orillia area takes place on the Canadian Thanksgiving weekend every year. It is called the Images Studio Tour and has over 25 artists on average. The self-guided tour allows people to visit artists in their working studio and see how the art is created while enjoying the beautiful fall colours driving through the two cities and the countryside. Potters, jewellers, painters, textile artists and fashion designers make up a few of the disciplines of the talents on display.

Barrie is also home to Kempenfest; one of the largest outdoor arts and crafts celebrations in Ontario.  This festival occurs annually over the August long weekend and features over 300 artisans, an antique show, food demonstrations, children's activities and live entertainment, including an indie-music stage.

Some of the main arts and culture groups in the city include:
 Barrie Art Club
 Barrie Concert Band
 Barrie Film Festival
 Barrie Folk Society
 Campus Gallery
 Caribbean Culture Institute
 Huronia Symphony Orchestra
 Kempenfelt Community Players
 King Edward Choir
 Lyrica Chamber Choir
 Simcoe Contemporary Dancers
 Talk Is Free Theatre
 Theatre By The Bay
 Kiwanis

Attractions
Barrie has numerous recreational venues and community centres throughout the city.

 Allandale Recreation Centre
 Barrie Community Sports Complex
 Barrie Public Library
 Barrie Uptown Theater
 Dorian Parker Centre
 East Bayfield Community Centre
 Eastview Arena
 Holly Community Centre
 Lampman Park
 Lampman Lane Community Centre
 Parkview Community Centre
 Southshore Community Centre
 Victoria Village
 YMCA of Barrie

Sports

Barrie is also home to the Mariposa School of Skating which has trained many world-class figure skaters, including Brian Orser, Elvis Stojko and Jeffrey Buttle.

Government

Municipal

The current mayor of Barrie is Jeff Lehman, who was elected in November 2010, succeeding Dave Aspden.

Military
Barrie has a long military history dating back to at least the Nine Mile Portage of the War of 1812. By the time of the 1837 Rebellion, Simcoe County had a sufficient population to form a battalion of Sedentary Militia of almost 600 strong.  This battalion was involved in marching suspected rebels down Yonge Street to Toronto in order to face justice. By 1855, Barrie was home to an independent company of Rifle Company of militia, followed in 1863 by a company of Infantry. These companies served during the Fenian Raids.

With the Militia Act of 1866, the companies in Barrie were respectively organized as Number 1 and Number 5 companies, in the newly formed 35th Battalion of Infantry (Simcoe Foresters), gazetted on September 14, 1866. In 1885, four companies the 35th Simcoe Foresters, including those from Barrie, formed with four companies from the 12th York Battalion to form the York-Simcoe Battalion.  This specially raised battalion served in Western Canada during the Northwest Rebellion, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel W.E. O'Brien of Shanty Bay, Ontario. For its efforts, The Simcoe Foresters received its first Battle Honour "Northwest Canada 1885."

Citizens of Barrie would next volunteer for military service during the Boer War in South Africa 1899-1902.  It was during this conflict that at the Battle of Paardeberg the citizens of Barrie and The Simcoe Foresters suffered their first fatal casualty, Private James Halkett Findlay. Private Findlay was killed-in-action on February 18, 1900, while serving with C Company of the 2nd Battalion Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry.

In 1914, the First World War broke out and many citizens of Barrie were quick to volunteer for service overseas with The Simcoe Foresters.  Late the following year, the Regiment was tasked with raising two overseas battalions, the 157th Battalion (Simcoe Foresters), CEF and the 177th Battalion (Simcoe Foresters), CEF.  In the spring of 1916, the Barrie and Collingwood companies of the 157th Battalion began clearing the land and construction of the new military camp on the Simcoe Pines Plain — Camp Borden (now CFB Borden).  This began Barrie's long friendship with the Base.

With a re-organization of the Canadian Militia between the two world wars, The Simcoe Foresters, headquartered in Barrie, were amalgamated in 1936 with the Grey Regiment, headquartered at Owen Sound, Ontario.  This event created the present-day regiment of The Grey and Simcoe Foresters, which is headquartered at the Armoury in Queen's Park, downtown Barrie.

With the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, citizens of Barrie volunteered for service overseas with The Grey and Simcoe Foresters, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force.  The City of Barrie sponsored a ship in the Royal Canadian Navy, HMCS Barrie, a Flower-class corvette.

Transportation

Airports

There are no major airports with scheduled flights near Barrie (the closest major airport is Toronto Pearson International Airport, located in Mississauga). There are a few airports that are used for light aviation aircraft:

 Lake Simcoe Regional Airport
 Barrie/Little Lake Water Aerodrome
 Springwater (Barrie Airpark) Aerodrome

Roads
Barrie is served by Provincial Highway Highway 400, which acts as the primary route between Barrie and Toronto. Highway 400 bisects the city on a roughly north-south basis. Highway 26, also located in the city, is the main route to the Collingwood area and is known as Bayfield Street within the city limits.

Barrie was once served by Highway 27, Highway 90, Highway 93, Highway 131 and Highway 11. However, the province downgraded many highways in 1997 and 1998; these highways are now known as Simcoe County Road 27, Simcoe County Road 90 (Dunlop Street), Simcoe County Road 93 and Simcoe County Road 30. The portion of Highway 11 through Barrie is known as Yonge Street, though it is actually part of the Penetanguishene Road

Major arterial roads within the city include Mapleview Drive, Ferndale Drive, 10th Line, Big Bay Point Road, Essa Road, Huronia Road, Bayfield Street, Cundles Road, Anne Street, Dunlop Street, Livingstone Street, Duckworth Street, Wellington Street, and St. Vincent Street.

Public transit
Public transport is provided by Barrie Transit, which operates numerous bus routes within the city.  Accessible transit is offered by booking with city run Barrie Accessible Community Transportation Service. Most regular bus routes operated by Barrie Transit are accessible using low floor vehicles.
Barrie also has GO Trains and Buses.

Interurban/commuter rail
GO Transit connects the city to the Greater Toronto Area through daily train service along the Barrie line, with trains operating from the Allandale Waterfront GO Station and the Barrie South GO Station. This is primarily a commuter rail service to the GTA, with southbound trips to Toronto's Union Station in the morning rush hour and northbound trips in the evening rush hour. Limited weekend service to and from Toronto is also operated.

Interurban/commuter bus
In addition to train service, GO Transit offers daily commuter-oriented bus service to the Greater Toronto Area.  Barrie is served by various private interurban bus lines such as Penetang-Midland Coach Lines and parent Greyhound Canada, which run buses between Barrie and Toronto's Yorkdale Bus Terminal. Greyhound operates QuickLink commuter service from Barrie to Toronto seven days a week. In the past Gray Coach offered service from Toronto to Barrie; the route was later acquired by Greyhound. Ontario Northland operates bus routes from various locations to and from Barrie. All inter-urban buses operate from the Barrie Transit Terminal at 24 Maple Street.

Passenger rail
Historically, Barrie was served by scheduled passenger rail service. Allandale Station was a stop for the Grand Trunk Railway, Canadian National Railway and Via Rail. In addition, Ontario Northland's Northlander used the station as a stop, as did CN Rail/Via Rail (namely The Canadian). Regular passenger rail service to the station ended in the 1980s and has largely been replaced by interurban / commuter rail service.

Education
Barrie has two major English school boards that operate inside the city at a public level. The Simcoe County District School Board administers a Public education in Barrie and Simcoe County, while the Simcoe Muskoka Catholic District School Board administers to the Catholic population and serves the Simcoe and Muskoka areas. It also has two French school boards, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (formerly Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud), the Catholic board, and Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV, formerly Conseil Scolaire de District du Centre-Sud-Ouest), the secular board. There are also several private schools both for K-8 and K-12.

High schools
 Barrie North Collegiate Institute
 Bear Creek Secondary School
 Eastview Secondary School
 École Secondaire Catholique Nouvelle Alliance
 Innisdale Secondary School
 St. Joseph's High School
 Saint Joan of Arc
 St. Peter's Catholic Secondary School
 École secondaire Roméo Dallaire
 Unity Christian High School

Georgian College
Georgian College's main campus, with over 10,000 full-time students and approximately 25,000 part-time students, is located in Barrie.

Media

Online
Village Media operates BarrieToday.com.

Print
There are both semi-weekly and monthly newspapers serving the City of Barrie.

The Barrie Advance, published by Metroland Media Group, is a free newspaper established in 1983 delivered weekly (Thursdays) to every residence in the city as well as residents of Springwater Township and parts of Oro-Medonte.  The newspaper contains local news, classifieds, advertisements and flyers.

Barrie Business is a free newsprint publication covering local and regional business news.  Published monthly, and distributed to every business in the City of Barrie through Canada Post, it seeks to highlight and support Barrie's local business community and events.

The Barrie Examiner, established in 1864, was one of Canada's oldest daily newspapers. It was distributed five days a week (Tuesday to Saturday) to paid subscribers and also delivered to the remainder of the market free on Thursdays. The Examiner was one of several Postmedia Network newspapers purchased by Torstar in a transaction between the two companies in 2017. Following the acquisition, Torstar subsidiary Metroland Media Group announced the closure of the paper effective November 27, 2017.

Radio
Local radio stations serving Barrie and area include:

 FM 93.1 - CHAY ("Fresh 93.1"), Top 40
 FM 95.7 - CFJB ("Rock 95"), active rock
 FM 100.3 - CJLF ("Life 100.3"), christian radio
 FM 101.1 - CIQB ("Big 101"), Classic Hits
 FM 107.5 - CKMB ("1075 Kool FM"), hot adult contemporary

See also
 Barrie Police Service
 Barrie Speedway
 Georgian Mall
 Sandy Hollow Landfill

References

External links

Official City of Barrie Website
Barrie Tourism

Category:Populated places on the Underground Railroad
Category:Single-tier municipalities in Ontario


Clavicoccus

Clavicoccus is a genus of insect in family Pseudococcidae. It contains the following species:
Clavicoccus erinaceus Ferris, 1948
Clavicoccus tribulus Ferris, 1948

References

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Category:Sternorrhyncha genera
Category:Pseudococcidae


Ronny Meixner

Ronny Meixner (born February 27, 1964) is a German racing driver and the founder of VICI Racing.

Racing career
Meixner started his auto racing career in Formula Ford & Formula Renault going on to sports cars with Porsche Carrera Cup.

1993 Success
In 1993 he raced in ADAC GT Cup with Porsche Carrera RSR. That year Meixner also won the Daytona 24 Hours GT Class driving a Porsche 964 Cup from VICI Racing's private Porsche entry beating factory opposition. He shared the car with Enzo Calderari and Luigino Pagotto. The car led for the last 17 of the 24 hours and won with an hour's advantage over the next finisher. The trio then finished 4th in GT in the 12 Hours of Sebring. Also that year Meixner competed in the Le Mans 24 hour in Porsche 962C for the factory supported Joest Racing Porsche team. Teammates were Bob Wollek and Henri Pescarolo. They finished in 9th place.

Meixner then raced the famous Porsche 962 "Double Wing" for Joest Racing to its first podium finish - third place at Road Atlanta in the IMSA GT Championship, sharing the cockpit with Bob Wollek. The Porsche 962 "Double Wing" was developed for Joest Racing by Porsche engineer Norbert Singer who had designed the original car and is affectionately known as the "father of the 962" as a final evolution of the famous race car and was the fastest and most powerful version of the 962 line and fitted with an enormous rear wing after wind tunnel testing.

Later racing
In 1995 Meixner undertook pre season development test programme for Champion Racing with the Porsche 911 GT2 and raced in 12 Hours of Sebring for the factory BMW run by Team PTG with co-drivers were Justin Bell and David Donohue. The car retired after major accident damage.

Personal life

In his spare time Meixner enjoys piloting historic war planes and karting. He is married to Diana since 1999 and they have two children.

References

External links

Category:1964 births
Category:Living people
Category:German racing drivers
Category:24 Hours of Daytona drivers
Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
Category:12 Hours of Sebring drivers


Tomasz Borkowy

Tomasz Karol Borkowy (born 17 September 1952, Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish actor, but has been working in the United Kingdom since the early 1980s. He often works under the name Tomek Bork and has had many film and television appearances.

He graduated from Theatre college in Kraków in 1977 and first came to the UK the following year, unable to speak English. Before this he had appeared in a number of Polish TV series and films. In 1980 he moved to the UK permanently to continue his career. Since then he has appeared in the films The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Murder on the Moon and Tailspin: Behind the Korean Airliner Tragedy. Notable television appearances have included Doctor Who (The Curse of Fenric), The Bill, Love Hurts, Sleepers, Lovejoy and most recently, Doctors. He has also continued to work in Poland, where he is most well known for playing the lead role in the TV drama series, Dom (House) which ran for 7 series over 20 years (1980–2000). Borkowy has also starred in and produced a number of plays at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe for the past 18 years.

Borkowy now lives in Edinburgh, Scotland and southern Spain. He runs Universal Arts – an international agency and production company for performing arts, while still working as an actor.

Filmography

References

External links

Tomek Bork's Universal Arts' website
Translated Biography at Film Polski.pl

Category:1952 births
Category:Male actors from Warsaw
Category:Living people
Category:Polish male television actors
Category:Polish male stage actors
Category:20th-century Polish male actors
Category:21st-century Polish male actors


La Société (restaurant)

La Société is a restaurant located on the Mink Mile on Bloor Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a French Bistro operated by INK Entertainment and owned by Danny Soberano and Charles Khabouth. The opening night was June 15, 2011 which had celebrity guest attendees, including Stephen Wong of Greta Constantine and Kevin Brauch.

Design
The 1920s Parisian bistro theme of La Société's interior design was done by Munge Leung. It features hand painted windows, burgundy velvet walls, marble floors, a full raw bar and a patio. One of its main staples is its multi-level, out-door patio. The restaurant in total can seat more than 300.

Montreal
By late 2012, Khabouth announced plans of opening La Société in Montreal.

The decision to expand La Société outside of Toronto came about somewhat unexpectedly as a consequence of INK Entertainment's larger business strategy of providing unified hospitality services of dining, dancing, and hotel accommodation offered via a stylish boutique hotel brand, which Khabouth had been pushing for years. Realizing INK is still not able to execute such an ambitious plan by itself, Khabouth looked for a partnership, approaching Loews Hotels whose key individuals Jonathan Tisch and Costa Dimas wanted him to gain more experience outside Toronto, and in hotels before going into business with him on larger projects. They thus offered to let him open another outlet of his Toronto French restaurant, La Société, in the Loews Hôtel Vogue in Montreal. Khabouth accepted and La Société in Montreal's Loews Hôtel Vogue thus became the first project of INK's newly agreed collaboration with Loews Hotels, a partnership expected to yield many more venues.

References

Further reading
 Pricey Bloor St. a bargain for U.S. retailers | Toronto Star
 Shinan: Tout le monde at La Société | National Post
 Charles Khabouth’s new bistro, La Société, brings 1920s Parisian charm to Bloor Street - Eat - June 2011 - Toronto

External links

Category:French restaurants
Category:Restaurants in Montreal
Category:Restaurants in Toronto


Christian Bjelland I

Christian Bjelland (30 May 1858 – 9 May 1927) was the founder of Chr. Bjelland & Co A/S, Norway's largest canned goods producer and amongst the largest in Scandinavia.  He became one of the great industrialists of his time and in 1908 was made a Knight, 1st Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav for his contribution to building the Norwegian canning industry.

Background
Christian Bjelland was born on the farm Åreskjold at Høyland in Rogaland, Norway. His parents were farmers who raised a family of six. In 1868, the  family moved to Stavanger where Bjelland attended school in the neighborhood of Bjergsted. His formal education ended after fifth grade.

Chr. Bjelland & Co A/S

After several years as a trading officer and inspector in various manufacturing shops, he became engaged in foreign trade, especially consignment shipments of fish to England. During 1882,  Bjelland founded an export business.  The initial focus of the  business was established in fresh salmon, trout and halibut.  In 1889 Chr. Bjelland started processing anchovies in a tin can. In 1893 he picked up the production of sardines packed with a hermetic seal.

The company became most famous for its sardines on tins featuring the images of notable Norwegians including explorer, Fridtjof Nansen. Particularly successful was the King Oscar brand for which Christian Bjelland received royal permission to use the image of Oscar II of Sweden .  The King Oscar brand became well known worldwide and is still popular in the U.S.A. as well as Australia.

Bjelland sardines have been an important part of Norwegian culture throughout the 19th and 20th century.  The company slogans and advertising are still remembered by many Norwegians to this day.  These include the company logo known as "The Man with the Fish" painted by Theodor Kittelsen, and the slogan Ikke noe snikk-snakk, Bjellands hermetikk, takk, which translates into "No chit-chat, Bjellands canned goods, thanks".

The company was led by Christian Bjelland's son Ragnvald Bjelland (1886-1955), then by his sons Christian Wilhelm Bjelland (1913–84) and Frithjof Ragnvald Bjelland (1914-1983). The company remained involved in the canning industry until 1983 when Christian Bjelland's great-grandson Christian Bjelland  (born 1954) sold this section of the company to Norway Foods Ltd. (now Rieber & Søn).

References

External links
King Oscar Inc. website
Chr. Bjelland & Co. factories and fishing vessels c. 1950

Category:1858 births
Category:1927 deaths
Category:People from Rogaland
Category:19th-century Norwegian businesspeople
Category:Norwegian industrialists
Category:Norwegian company founders
Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal


Golnoush Sebghatollahi

Golnoush Sebghatollahi  (, born 20 December 1990) is an Iranian sports shooter. She competed in the women's 10 metre air pistol event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She failed to make the final.

References

External links

Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Iranian female sport shooters
Category:Olympic shooters of Iran
Category:Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Isfahan
Category:Shooters at the 2018 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games competitors for Iran


Edward Hutchinson Synge

Edward Hutchinson Synge (1 June 1890 – 26 May 1957) was an Irish physicist who published a complete theoretical description of the near-field scanning optical microscope, an instrument used in nanotechnology, several decades before it was experimentally developed. He never completed university yet did significant original research in both microscopy and telescopy. He was the first to apply the principle of scanning in imaging, which later became important in a wide range of technologies including television, radar, and scanning electron microscopy. He was the older brother of distinguished mathematician and theoretical physicist John Lighton Synge.

Early life and education
Edward Hutchinson Synge was born in 1891, in County Dublin, Ireland, to Edward Synge and Ellen Frances Price. He was familiarly known as "Hutchie". He was the nephew of playwright John Millington Synge and the brother of John Lighton Synge who edited the collected works of Sir William Rowan Hamilton at Hutchie's urging. He and brother John were great-great-great-grandsons of Irish bishop Hugh Hamilton. He is also the uncle of the mathematician Cathleen Synge Morawetz. Throughout his life Synge was very physically active, pursuing walking, cycling, swimming and sailing.  In his later life he took up painting and was good at it.

In 1908 he entered Trinity College Dublin to study Mathematics and old Irish.  For three years he was a brilliant student and won several prizes and a Foundation Scholarship in mathematics in 1910.  Then at the end of his third year, he came into an inheritance from his uncle John Millington Synge, and in 1913 he dropped out of university.

Career
Starting in 1928, with encouragement from Albert Einstein, Hutchie launched on a period of intense productivity during which he laid the foundation for new kinds of microscopes and telescopes. Nobody, including his famous brother John, appreciated Hutchie's achievements at the time. His work was overlooked for decades, but is now better known thanks to the book The Life and Works of Edward Hutchinson Synge published by Living Edition in 2012.

On 22 April 1928, Synge wrote to Albert Einstein about an idea he had for a new microscopic imaging method in which an optical field scattered from a tiny gold particle could be used as a radically new light source. Einstein replied that although Synge's method appeared essentially unworkable, the basic ideas seemed correct and he should publish his research.

There followed a remarkable period from 1928 to 1932 in which Synge produced all of his key works which he published in the Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Remarkably, he did all of this work alone, without a laboratory, and while living at his home in Dundrum in the suburbs of Dublin. By 1932 he had laid out the theory of the near-field microscope and his description was incredibly accurate.

The idea was ahead of its time. In 1956 a similar theory was developed by John A. O'Keefe and in 1972 Ash and Nicholls gave the first experimental demonstration of the technique using electromagnetic radiation. It was not until Synge's original papers re-emerged in the 1980s that his priority was finally recognised.

Synge proposed a design for very large astronomical telescopes, based on multiple mirrors, an idea realised much later in Tucson, Arizona, and elsewhere. He also invented a new kind of remote sensing technique using searchlights. Today this is known as Lidar, and uses pulsed lasers.

Later life
According to the people who knew him best, E. H. Synge suffered from what these days would be called Asperger syndrome.  Becoming increasingly socially isolated, he dropped out of university in 1913 and worked alone without any support from the academic community until all work stopped in 1932. In 1936 he had a mental breakdown and was committed to a Dublin nursing home where he remained until his death in 1957.

Publications
 A suggested method for extending microscopic resolution into the ultra-microscopic region The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1928, Series 7, Volume 6, Issue 35, pp. 356–362
 A design for a very large telescope The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1930, Series 7, Volume 10, Issue 63, pp. 353–360
 A microscopic method The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1931, Series 7, Volume 11, Issue 68, pp. 65–80
 An application of piezo-electricity to microscopy The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1932, Series 7, Volume 13, Issue 83, pp. 297–300

References

Sources
 Hebrew University (2014). Einstein Archives Online: E.H. Synge correspondence The Hebrew University of Jerusalem in co-operation with the Princeton University Press, launched on 5 December 2014
 Trinity College Dublin (April 2012). From peering at atoms to gazing at the stars Trinity College Dublin, 19 April 2012
 Trinity College Dublin (March 2012). Hutchinson Synge – A Nanoscience Visionary Trinity College Dublin, 30 March 2012
 Donegan, J.F. (2012). The Life and Works of Edward Hutchinson Synge (co-edited with D. Weaire and P. Florides), Pöllauberg, Austria : Living Edition,
 Novotny, Lukas (2011). From near-field optics to optical antennas by Lukas Novotny, Physics Today, July 2011, pp. 47–52
 Dublin Graduate Physics Programme (2012). Edward Hutchinson Synge Symposium 3 October 2012
 Petros Serghiou Florides (2008). John Lighton Synge Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, School of Mathematics, Trinity College Dublin, doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0040
 Novotny, Lukas (2007). The History of Near-field Optics Adapted from Novotny, "The History of Near-field Optics," Progress in Optics 50, E. Wolf (ed.), chapter 5, p. 137- 184 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
 Rubincam, David P.; Lowman, Paul D. (2000).  John Aloysius O'Keefe (1916–2000) American Astronomical Society

External links
 Hutchie Synge and near field optics Lukas Novotny, University of Rochester video series
 McMullan D: The prehistory of scanned image microscopy Part 1: scanned optical microscopes. Proc Roy Microsc Soc 25, 127–131 (1990)
 The grave of Edward Hutchenson Synge at Saint John’s Church in Limerick, Ireland

Category:Irish physicists
Category:20th-century physicists
Category:Experimental physicists
Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Category:Microscopists
Category:Irish inventors
Category:1890 births
Category:1957 deaths
Category:People from County Dublin
Category:20th-century inventors


Fall in Love (Keke Wyatt song)

"Fall in Love" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Keke Wyatt taken from her debut extended play (EP), Ke'Ke' (2014). The song was written by Keke Wyatt and Robert Erness. The song was released through The NorthStar Group and Aratek Entertainment on April 25, 2014 on Amazon and then later May 7, 2014 on iTunes.

Critical response
The song was met with a positive response from critics and journalists.

Andy Kellman from Allmusic described the song as a "career highlight for Wyatt and the set's lead song, is an exception." in a review of the EP Ke'Ke'. ThisIsRnB stated "Keke Wyatt may be just a little crazy, but she can surely sang! The R&B Diva is finally giving fans what they want with the release of the brand new song Fall In Love."

Music video
A in studio performance was released on Wyatt's personal YouTube account on May 9, 2014. As of November 3, 2016 the video has gained over 2.8 million views on YouTube.

Track listings and formats
Digital Download

"Fall in Love" – 3:53

U.S. CD single
"Fall in Love" – 3:53

Charts

Release history

References

External links

Category:Keke Wyatt songs
Category:2014 songs
Category:2014 singles


Stacey Hayes

Stacey Hayes (born 10 August 1976) is an English television infomercial spokesperson, comedian, actress, model and one-time competitive ice-skater. She was born in London, England and raised in Nebraska, United States.

Career

She has appeared in many magazines, television shows and movies including soap operas such as Days of Our Lives and The Young and the Restless, as well as primetime shows such as Las Vegas and Boston Legal. She has also tried her hand at stand-up comedy work at The Comedy Store, which helped her join as co-host for the 3rd season of Chuck Woolery's Lingo.

Recently, she has periodically made cameo appearances in Spike TV's show MANswers. She also appears as a pitchperson with model/actress Carmen Palumbo on internet entrepreneur/television personality Jeff Paul's Internet Millions infomercial nationally, as well as other "get rich quick" infomercials as of late 2010.

Partial filmography

Television
MANswers (7 episodes, 2007–2008)
Gene Simmons Family Jewels (1 episode, 2006)
M80 (1 episode, 2006)
Las Vegas (1 episode, 2005)
Passions (2 episodes, 2002)
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1 episode, 2000)
Pajama Party (13 episodes, 2000)
Sunset Beach (1 episode, 1999)
Lingo (65 episodes, 2003-2004)
Howard Stern (2 episodes, 2005)
The Real Roseanne Show (1 episode, 2003)
Talk Soup (1 episode, 2001)

Film
Casting Ripe Live (2005)
Sunset Strip (2000)
The Debtors  (1999)
Ghosts of the Abyss  (2003) (voice)

Video game
Cool Girl (2004) (VG)
Road Rash  (1997) (VG)

References

External links
Stacey's Official Website
Stacey's Official Facebook Page

Category:Actresses from Nebraska
Category:1976 births
Category:English female models
Category:English people of Irish descent
Category:English television actresses
Category:English soap opera actresses
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from London
Category:English emigrants to the United States


2015 Northeast Conference Softball Tournament

The 2015 Northeast Conference Softball tournament will be held at North Athletic Complex on the campus of Robert Morris University in Moon Township, Pennsylvania from May 7 through May 9, 2015. The tournament will earn the Northeast Conference's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament. The entire tournament will be available on NEC Front Row.

Tournament

All times listed are Eastern Daylight Time.

References

Tournament, 2015
Northeast Tournament


Golden-winged sparrow

The golden-winged sparrow (Arremon schlegeli) is a species of bird in the Passerellidae family that can found in Colombia and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Subspecies and its distribution
So far, three subspecies of this bird have been recognized: A. s. schlegeli located along Caribbean costs of Colombia and Venezuela. A. s. fratruelis can be found in Serranía de Macuira, located on the Guajira Peninsula of northern Columbia. The other, A. s. canidorsum, can be found in the north Columbian Andes.

References

golden-winged sparrow
Category:Birds of Colombia
Category:Birds of Venezuela
golden-winged sparrow
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Torra di Poghju

The Tower of Poghju () is a Genoese tower in Corsica, located in the hamlet of Poggio in the commune of Tomino, Haute-Corse.

The tower was probably built in the second half of the sixteenth century. It was one of a series of defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates. Although the design is similar to other round Genoese towers built around the Corsican coastline, its position is unusual in being situated within a hamlet at an elevation of  and several kilometers from the sea.

The base of the tower would have originally contained a cistern to hold rainwater collected from the roof terrace but in the nineteenth century an entrance door was constructed at the ground floor level. In 2009 the tower was added to the "General Inventory of Cultural Heritage" (Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel) maintained by the French Ministry of Culture. It is privately owned.

See also
List of Genoese towers in Corsica

Notes and references

Category:Towers in Corsica
Category:Official historical monuments of Corsica


CREETIQ

CREETIQ is a review aggregator website for African film, TV shows, music and literature. The platform offers a brief excerpt of each review curated with a backlink to the originating source of the review. The CREETIQ algorithm appraises each review based on the scores given by each critic, or a score is assigned by in-house editors. The first movie aggregated on the website was Ayo Makun's A Trip to Jamaica.

CREETIQ Score
CREETIQ offers its users the information needed to make data-driven decisions based on an aggregate of critical reviews summed up by a calculated score known as the CREETIQ Score. The CREETIQ score is a weighted average that is adjusted by the addition of a statistical value. The colors Green, Yellow or Red are used to summarize the weighted average of a review.

The range includes;

The Critic Challenge
An annual call for critics called The Critic Challenge was organized by CREETIQ in April, 2017 and featured notable critics like Oris Aigbokhaevbolo, Wilfred Okiche, Chiagoziem Onyekwena, Salamatu Sule, Isabella Akinseye and Joey Akan as its judges. This challenge tagged “rewriting the African narrative” which aimed at appreciating the invaluable contributions of critics to the development of the creative and cultural industry in Africa was also birthed due to the neglect of critiquing in the cultural economics in Africa.
Olayinka Yomi-Joseph, Ifeoluwa Olujuyigbe and Oluwadeaduramilade Tawak emerged as winner, first and second runners-up in The Critic Challenge 2017.

See also
 Rating site
 Internet Movie Database (IMDb)

References

Category:Aggregation websites


Kajin Sara

Kajin Sara is a lake in the Manang district of Nepal.

History
A group of mountaineers discovered the Kajin Sara lake in early 2019. The lake is situated in Chame rural municipality of Manang district, Nepal. The lake is 1,500 meters long and 600 meters wide in its dimensions.

References

Category:Lakes
Category:Lakes of Nepal


Brad Simpson (producer)

Brad Simpson is an American film and television producer and partner at Los Angeles based film studio Color Force.

Life and career
Simpson grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas, and graduated from Brown University.

He began his career at Killer Films, where he served as an executive and a producer. At Killer Films he co-produced Far from Heaven, Party Monster and A Home at the End of the World, and served as associate producer on Boys Don't Cry and Camp. He was also involved with independent films such as Velvet Goldmine, Hedwig and the Angry Inch, Happiness, and One Hour Photo.

From 2004 to 2007, Simpson served as President of Appian Way Productions, Leonardo DiCaprio's Warner Bros-based production company.

Simpson served as executive producer of Marc Forster's films Machine Gun Preacher in 2011 and World War Z in 2013. He also produced Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days along with future producing partner, Nina Jacobson.

Color Force
In 2012, he joined Color Force as a partner. Later that year, Simpson and Nina Jacobson signed a first-look deal with FX Productions for original programs.

In 2016, FX aired The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story, produced by Color Force. Simpson won an Emmy Award for his work on The People v. O. J. Simpson in 2016, as well as a Golden Globe. Simpson also won a BAFTA, a Critics' Choice award, a TCA award, and a Producers Guild of America award.

In 2016, FX Productions signed Simpson and Jacobson to an exclusive production deal for original programming.

In 2018, Simpson produced the second American Crime Story series, The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story. For his work on The Assassination of Gianni Versace, Simpson received an Emmy award, a Golden Globe award, a Critics' Choice award, a TCA award, and a Producers Guild award. The same year, Simpson served as an executive producer on the FX series Pose.

Simpson produced Crazy Rich Asians and Ben Is Back with Jacobson in 2018.

He executive produced Richard Linklater's Where'd You Go, Bernadette (2019). Simpson is executive producing The Goldfinch, an adaptation of Donna Tart's novel of the same name, and will serve as one of the executive producers on the television adaptation of Y: The Last Man for FX.

References

External links

Category:Living people
Category:Emmy Award winners
Category:Brown University alumni
Category:People from Little Rock, Arkansas
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Ottawa Township, Franklin County, Kansas

Ottawa Township is a township in Franklin County, Kansas, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 868.

Geography
Ottawa Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Ottawa (the county seat).  According to the USGS, it contains five cemeteries: Highland, Hope, Indian, Mount Calvary and Mount Evergreen.

The streams of Appanoose Creek, Eightmile Creek, Island Creek, Nugent Creek, Sand Creek, Spring Creek, Tauy Creek, Walnut Creek, Wilson Creek and Wolf Creek run through this township.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Category:Townships in Franklin County, Kansas
Category:Townships in Kansas


Bild Politik

Bild Politik is a German political weekly newspaper. It appears as a project of Germany's biggest yellow press newspaper Bild. Bild Politik has been tested from February 8, 2019 til June 5, 2019 in northern Germany. Editor-in-chief was Nikolaus Blome, who is also Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Bild. The initial idea for Bild Politik was from Chief Executive Officer of News Media at Axel Springer, Selma Stern. The approximately 50-page booklet is made by the 40-member editorial staff of the Bildzeitung.

Axel Springer's press office wrote after ending the newspaper in June 2019: "First results from market research attest that readers appreciate above all the innovative, concise and comprehensible thematic presentation as well as the concentration on the essentials." The market data will be evaluated and the results will then be used to decide whether "Bild Politik" has potential for a "satisfactory economic perspective".

References

Category:2019 establishments in Germany
Category:Axel Springer SE
Category:Bild
Category:Conservatism in Germany
Category:German news websites
Category:German-language newspapers
Category:Newspapers published in Hamburg
Category:Publications established in 2019


McConnell Island

McConnell Island is one of the San Juan Islands in San Juan County, Washington, United States. It is located less than  from the southwest end of Orcas Island. The island was the former private reserve of Thomas Gordon Thompson. A portion of it is currently a nature preserve.

Geography

The island has a land area of  with the southern part of the island rocky and elevated and the northern part covered by bigleaf maple and Western redcedar trees. It is the largest of the Wasp Island group, which includes Yellow Island, Reef Island, and others.

History

The island was originally known as Brown Island, named by Charles Wilkes for fourteen members of his United States Exploring Expedition crew who shared the same surname. It was later acquired by Victor McConnell, its first settler, who claimed squatters' rights.

McConnell Island was purchased at the end of World War II by Thomas Gordon Thompson, a University of Washington professor and U.S. Army chemical warfare researcher who was later the namesake of the USNS Thomas Thompson and R/V Thomas Thompson. Thompson financed the purchase of the island through the sale of his valuable stamp collection and later built a home on it from native stone and driftwood. During his proprietorship of the remote island, Thompson used it to entertain friends and guests from the nearby Friday Harbor Laboratories. In one summer alone he received more than 700 visitors.

In 1997 a  portion of the island was transferred to the San Juan Preservation Trust, a private conservation organization, to be used as a nature preserve. What is known as the Thompson Preserve includes  of protected shoreline as well as the original Thomas Thompson home. The rest of the island remains under private ownership.

References

Category:San Juan Islands


Japanese cruiser Tatsuta

Two warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy were named Tatsuta:

 , a cruiser launched in 1894 and scrapped in 1926
 , a  launched in 1918 and sunk in 1944

Category:Imperial Japanese Navy ship names
Category:Japanese Navy ship names


Josef Matthias Hauer

Josef Matthias Hauer (March 19, 1883 – September 22, 1959) was an Austrian composer and music theorist.  He is most famous for developing, independent of and a year or two before Arnold Schoenberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Hauer was also an important early theorist of twelve-tone music and composition.

Hauer "detested all art that expressed ideas, programmes or feelings," instead believing that it was "essential...to raise music to its highest...level,"  a, "purely spiritual, supersensual music composed according to impersonal rules," and many of his compositions reflect this in their direct, often athematic, 'cerebral' approach.  Hauer's music is diverse, however, and not all of it embraces this aesthetic position.

Life
Hauer was born in Wiener Neustadt and died in Vienna. He had an early musical training in cello, choral conducting, and organ, and claimed to have been self-taught in theory and composition. In 1918 he published his first work on music theory (a tone-color theory based on Goethe's Theory of Colours). In August 1919 he published his "law of the twelve tones", requiring that all twelve chromatic notes sound before any is repeated. This he developed and first articulated theoretically in Vom Wesen des Musikalischen (1920), before the Schoenberg circle’s earliest writings on twelve-tone technique.

Hauer wrote prolifically, both music and prose, until 1938, when his music was added to the touring Nazi "degenerate art" (Entartete Kunst) exhibit. He stayed in Austria through the war, and, in fear, published nothing. Even after the war, however, he published little more, although it is thought that several hundred pieces remain in manuscript.  Hauer continued to write twelve-tone pieces while also teaching several students his techniques and philosophy.  At the time of his death, Hauer had reportedly given away most of his possessions, living simply while retaining a copy of the I Ching.

Musical style
Hauer's compositional techniques are extraordinarily various and often change from one piece to the next. These range from building-block techniques to methods using a chord series that is generated out of the twelve-tone row ("Melos") to pieces employing an ordered row that is then subject to systematic permutation. The so-called 44 "tropes" and their compositional usage ("trope-technique") are essential to many of Hauer's twelve-tone techniques. In contrast to a twelve-tone row that contains a fixed succession of twelve tones, a trope consists of two complementary hexachords in which there is no fixed tone sequence. The tropes are used for structural and intervallic views on the twelve-tone system. Every trope offers certain symmetries that can be used by the composer.  But Hauer also employed twelve-tone rows, using one row for a single piece and subjecting that row to a series of transformations, most notably rotation (keeping the order of the elements in a series fixed but reorganizing them so that they start somewhere in the middle and wrap back around to the beginning: A B C D . . . becomes C D . . . A B, for instance.

According to one scholar, Hauer's twelve-tone music was balanced between the "obligatory rule" that each composition follow an arrangement of the total chromatic: "the 'Constellation' or "Grundgestalt' ('basic shape')," and his often emphasized concept of tropes, or unordered arrangement of a pair of hexachords. This interpretation seems largely drawn from Hauer's theoretical writing of the early to mid-1920s in which he outlines these techniques.  But a closer look at Hauer's compositional output reveals that a significant portion of his twelve-tone music from the 1920s and 1930s employs strictly ordered rows, as do the Zwölftonspiele (Twelve-tone pieces) that follow. Despite this, Hauer is often mentioned as the inventor of the tropes in contrast to Arnold Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School, who are thought of as advocates of Schoenberg's twelve-tone method. (In fact, many of the twelve-tone pieces by Schoenberg and his student Alban Berg do not strictly follow this method.)

After 1940, Hauer wrote exclusively Zwölftonspiele, designated sometimes by number, sometimes by date. He wrote about one thousand such pieces, most of them lost.  These pieces were all built on an ordered twelve-tone row, with the actual order often determined by chance.  These pieces were not so much concert pieces as much as systematic and controlled meditations on the twelve tones—more a means than an end.  Hauer believed that the twelve tempered tones provided access to the realm of the spiritual; meditating on the twelve tones was thus a prayerful act and not a public display of personal emotion or expression.  In many ways Hauer's use of chance elements, and especially his deep interest in the I Ching, are parallel to those of American composer John Cage.

References in literature
Since the 1920s Hauer has figured in literature, e.g., in 's novel Sonnenmelodie, Franz Werfel's  (the character Matthias Fischboeck). Late in life Hauer spoke about Thomas Mann, as well as Theodor W. Adorno, with great bitterness, for he felt that both men had misunderstood him. Adorno had written about Hauer, but only disparagingly. Because of his later achievements and developments it has also been assumed by many scholars that Hauer is also a model for the "Joculator Basiliensis" in Hermann Hesse's The Glass Bead Game.

Musical works
576 works are known (Lafite index),amongst which are:

 Apokalyptische Fantasie, Op. 5 (1913)
 Nachklangstudien (Resonances), Op. 16 (1919)
 Nomos, Op. 19 (1919)
 Atonale Musik, Op. 20 (1922)
 Cantata Wandlungen, Op. 53 (1927) – Premiere conducted by Hermann Scherchen
 Violinkonzert mit Orchester in einem Satz, Op. 54 (1928) – Premiere conducted by Hermann Scherchen
 Klavierkonzert mit Orchester in einem Satz, Op. 55 (1928)
 Opera Salambo, Op. 60 (1929), after Flaubert's Salammbô – Premiere conducted by Otto Klemperer
 Opera Die schwarze Spinne, Op. 62 (1932), after Jeremias Gotthelf's  The Black Spider– Premiere conducted by Michael Gielen
 Various Hölderlin cantatas
 Cantata Der Menschen Weg, Op. 67 (1934), text: Hölderlin
 Fantasie für Klavier (Fantasy for piano), Op. 39 (1925)
 Emilie vor ihrem Brauttag Op. 58 (1928) (Hölderlin poem)
 Charakterstücke für Salonorchester
 Zwölftonmusik für neun Soloinstrumente, Op. 73 (twelve-tone music for nine solo instruments) (1937)
 Frühling, Op. 76 (1938) for mixed choir, violins, cellos (Hölderlin poem)
 Zwölftonmusik für Orchester (twelve-tone music for orchestra) (1939)
 Zwölftonmusik für Orchester mit einer Zwölftonreihe, die in sechs verschiedenen Tropen steht (twelve-tone music for orchestra with a twelve-tone row, in six different tropes) (1945)
 Zwölftonspiel für fünf Violinen (twelve-tone piece for five violins) (1949), dedicated to Hermann Heiß
 Zwölftonspiel für Klavier zu vier Händen (twelve-tone piece for piano four hands) (1956)
 Zwölftonspiel für Flöte, Fagott und Streichquatett (1.1958)

Theoretical writings
Hauer is considered an important figure in the development of twelve-tone theory and aesthetics. His early published writings Vom Wesen des Musikalischen (1920) and Deutung des Melos articulate the more theoretical and aesthetic aspects of Hauer's thought, while Vom Melos zur Pauke (1925) and Zwölftontechnik, Die Lehre von den Tropen (1926) provide detailed musical examples. Because of the discussion of tropes in Zwölftontechnik, Hauer has usually been cast as an advocate for trope composition in contrast to those advocating the use of an ordered twelve-tone series. This view, however, is mistaken; tropes were only one of the many ways Hauer had of approaching a systematic circulation of all twelve tones. (Much of the music praised by those who advocated for an ordered series—the music of Schoenberg and Berg especially—was much more flexible in actual practice than the descriptions of them seems to indicate.) These early theoretical works make Hauer one of the founders of twelve-tone theory.

In his theoretical writing, Hauer often casts the twelve tempered tones as a kind of spiritual world. For Hauer, this twelve-tone world offers one access to the fundamental truths of existence, transforming composition from an act of personal expression into one of devotion and contemplation. His various twelve-tone techniques thus become a means to an end, as do the pieces themselves; the ultimate goal of music is to commune with the infinite. This mystical approach to music is drawn from 19th-century romanticism and is certainly not exclusive to Hauer, though he may have been the most publicly vocal proponent of this idea in the Vienna of his day. In fact, much of the thinking of the Second Viennese School is bound up with the idea that music provides access to spiritual truth, an idea adapted from the writing of Schopenhauer, who enjoyed considerable popularity at this time, especially among artists. Hauer often refers to the scientific writing of Goethe (the Theory of Colors especially), which most likely came to him through the editions and commentary of Rudolf Steiner.

The most important writings:

 17 theoretical writings (1918–1926), 33 essays and articles (1919–1948)
 Über die Klangfarbe ("About Tone-Color", 1918)
 Vom Wesen des Musikalischen ("On the Essence of Music", 1920)
 Deutung des Melos ("Interpretation of the Melos", 1923)
 "Atonale Melodienlehre" ("Teachings on Atonal Melodies", manuscript, 1923)
 Vom Melos zur Pauke ("From the Melos to the Kettledrum", 1925)
 Zwölftontechnik. Die Lehre von den Tropen ("Twelve-Tone Technique: Teachings on the Tropes", 1926)
 "Der Goldene Schnitt. Eine Rechtfertigung der Zwölftonmusik" ("The Golden Ratio", manuscript, 1926)
 "Kosmisches Testament" (three "Cosmic Testaments", manuscripts, 1937, 1941, 1945)

Notes

Sources
 Covach, John. 1990. "The Music and Theories of Josef Matthias Hauer", Ph.D. dissertation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
 Covach, John. 1992. "The Zwölftonspiel of Josef Matthias Hauer”. Journal of Music Theory 36.1 (1992): 149–84.
 Covach, John. 2002. "Twelve-Tone Theory”. In The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory, edited by Thomas Christensen, 603–627. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
 Covach, John. 2003. "Josef Matthias Hauer". In Music of the Twentieth Century Avant-Garde, edited by Larry Sitsky, 197–202. [N.p.]: Greenwood Publishing.
 Hauer, Josef Matthias.
 Lichtenfeld, Monika. 2001. "Hauer, Josef Matthias". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 11:134–37. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries.
 Whittall, Arnold. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism. Cambridge Introductions to Music. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.  (cloth)  (pbk.)

Further reading
 Covach, John. “The Quest of the Absolute: Schoenberg, Hauer, and the Twelve-Tone Idea,” in Jon Michael Spencer, ed., "Theomusicology", special issue of Black Sacred Music: A Journal of Theomusicology 8/1 (Duke University Press, 1994): 158–77.
 Henck, Herbert. Fürsprache für Hauer: Hermann Heiß und die Hintergründe eines Briefes von Thomas Mann an Ellie Bommersheim im Jahre 1949 ["Speech for the Defence of Hauer: Hermann Heiß and the Background of a Letter from Thomas Mann to Ellie Bommersheim in 1949"]. Deinstedt: Kompost-Verlag, 1998. .
 Fheodoroff, Nikolaus. Josef Matthias Hauer: Schriften, Manifeste, Dokumente ["Josef Matthias Hauer: Writings, Manifestos, Documents"]. Vienna: Edition Österreichische Musikzeit, 2003.
 Lansky, Paul, George Perle, and Dave Headlam. "Twelve-note Composition". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001.
 Sengstschmid, Johann. Zwischen Trope und Zwölftonspiel: J. M. Hauers Zwölftontechnik in ausgewählten Beispielen ["Between Trope and Twelve-tone Game: J. M. Hauer's Twelve-tone Technique in Selected Examples"]. Regensburg: Gustav Bosse, 1980.
 Shaw-Miller, Simon. Visible Deeds of Music: Art and Music from Wagner to Cage. Chapter 5, 'Out of Tune' Hauer's Legacy and the Aesthetics of Minimalism in Art and Music',  pp. 163–207.  New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002.
 Dominik Sedivy: Serial Composition and Tonality. An Introduction to the Music of Hauer and Steinbauer, edited by Guenther Friesinger, Helmut Neumann, Dominik Sedivy, edition mono / monochrom, Vienna 2011

External links

 Josef Matthias Hauer page
 Josef Matthias Hauer (1883–1959) (in German, with photos of Hauer)
 John Covach. "Josef Matthias Hauer" (biography).
 Database of tone rows and tropes

Category:Austrian classical composers
Category:20th-century classical composers
Category:People from Wiener Neustadt
Category:Twelve-tone and serial composers
Category:1883 births
Category:1959 deaths
Category:Austrian male classical composers
Category:20th-century male musicians


Fredrik Svensk

Fredrik Svensk, born 1974, is an art critic based in Gothenburg, Sweden.

At Valand School of Fine Arts, University of Gothenburg, he is a part-time lecturer teaching art and culture theory and is running the Valand Seminar for Advanced Art Theory.

From 2011 he is the Editor-in-Chief at Paletten Art Journal, with Milou Allerholm and Sinziana Ravini, focusing on how to rethink the notion of autonomy with contemporary art and politics (paletten.net). From 2011 he is a staff writer and member or the editorial group at Kunstkrtikk.no.

2004-2007 he was a contributing editor and staff writer at Paletten Art Journal, and has been contributing to journals, books and newspapers such as: Glänta, SITE MAGAZINE, Paletten, Sarai Reader, Neue Review, Anarchitecture, Paris, Res Publica, Aftonbladet kultur, Helsingborgs Dagblad and Göteborgs-Posten. He has also been translating texts by writers such as Gilles Deleuze.

Recent curatorial projects (with Lisa Rosendahl and Henrik Andersson) at Röda Sten Konsthall, Gothenburg:
Äkta vara (true being / true commodity) 2007 was an investigating of different contemporary processes of subjectivation, with artists Debora Elgeholm, Annika Eriksson, Isabell Heimerdinger, Saskia Holmkvist, Katya Sander and Carey Young.
Art after Education, 2008 reexamined critical aspects of the method used in Adrian Pipers work Bach Whistled, 1970, by putting it into a contemporary socio-political context, with works by artists like Elke Marhöfer, Ida Börjel, Malmö Free University for Women.

References

Category:Swedish art critics
Category:University of Gothenburg faculty
Category:1974 births
Category:Living people


William Lake (Dean of Durham)

William Charles Lake (9 January 1817 – 8 December 1897) was Dean of Durham and Warden of its university from 1869 to 1894.

Life
He was the eldest son of Captain Charles Lake of the Scots fusilier guards. He was educated at Rugby under Dr. Arnold, where he became the lifelong friend of his school-fellow, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, and
Balliol, where he was elected Fellow in 1838 and was President of the Oxford Union.

He was ordained in 1842, but remained at Oxford until 1858.
In that year he became Rector of Huntspill; and in 1860 Canon of Wells.

Meanwhile, Lake's linguistic abilities had led to his appointment by Lord Panmure as a member of the commission of 1856, to report on military education on the continent.
He had won the prize at Oxford in 1840, for his Latin essay on the Roman army as an obstacle to civil liberty.
He also served on the Newcastle commission of 1858 to inquire into popular education, and on the royal commission upon military education of 1868.
On 9 August 1869, Lake was nominated by Gladstone for the deanery of Durham.
In 1881, he was a member of the ecclesiastical court's commission.
His theological position was that of a moderate high churchman, and in 1880 he joined Dean Church and others in endeavouring to induce Gladstone and Archbishop Tait to bring forward legislation modifying the Public Worship Regulation Act.

During Lake's decanate, Durham Cathedral was restored.
He exercised an important influence over Durham University of which he was warden, and education in the north of England generally owed much to his efforts.
The foundation of the College of Science at Newcastle in 1871 was very largely his work.
He resigned the deanery, owing to failing health, in 1894, and went to live at Torquay. There he died suddenly on 8 December 1897.

Family
He married, in June 1881, Miss Katherine Gladstone, a niece of the premier, who survived him.

Works
Lake published nothing separately but a few sermons and a pamphlet, "The Inspiration of Scripture and Eternal Punishment, with a preface on the Oxford Declaration and on F. D. Maurice's Letter to the Bishop of London," 1864. But he contributed to the Life of his friend Tait some highly interesting recollections, and especially a valuable picture of the independent position he held at Oxford, and an account from intimate knowledge of his life as head of Rugby, bishop of London, and primate.
Lake also supplied to Mr. Wilfrid Ward's W. G. Ward and the Oxford Movement (1889) some reminiscences of Ward, who was for some time his mathematical tutor at Balliol and exercised some influence over his tone of thought.

References

Attribution

Henri Brémond, L' évolution du clergé Anglican, Paris, Bloud et Gay, 1906

Sources

Category:1817 births
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Arthur Gonzalez

Arthur J. Gonzalez is a Senior Fellow at New York University School of Law and member of the PROMESA oversight board in charge of resolving the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis.  Before his retirement from the bench, he was Chief Judge of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.

Gonzalez received his undergraduate degree from Fordham University in 1969. Following graduation, he worked as a New York City public school teacher until 1982, earning a master's degree from the Brooklyn College School of Education. After earning a law degree in the Evening Program at Fordham in 1982, Gonzalez became an attorney for the Manhattan District Counsel Office of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). He left the IRS in 1988 and worked as a private lawyer for several firms. During this period, he earned a Master of Laws from New York University (NYU). In 1991, Gonzalez re-entered government to become an Assistant United States Trustee for the Southern District of New York. He was promoted in 1993 to become Trustee for New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. Judge Gonzalez was appointed Bankruptcy Judge in 1995.

Significant cases

Gonzalez handled the Chrysler LLC bankruptcy case until his retirement. Previously, Gonzalez presided over the bankruptcy proceedings for WorldCom, at that point the largest U.S. bankruptcy case (since overtaken by the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008), and Enron.  The criminal proceedings against the corporate executives of WorldCom and Enron did not originate from the bankruptcy proceedings before Gonzalez via mandatory referral of possible crimes under Title 18 U.S.C. § 3057; in contrast the post petition corporate entities both sought releases and compensation for the benefit of their current and former senior officers.

References

External links
Official biographical profile
Text of opinions

Category:1940s births
Category:Living people
Category:Fordham University alumni
Category:Fordham University School of Law alumni
Category:New York University School of Law alumni
Category:United States Trustees
Category:Judges of the United States bankruptcy courts
Category:Enron scandal
Category:Brooklyn College alumni