List of de Havilland Vampire operators

List of operators of the de Havilland Vampire:

Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte

Royal Australian Air Force
No. 21 Squadron RAAF
No. 22 Squadron RAAF
No. 23 Squadron RAAF
No. 25 Squadron RAAF
No. 75 Squadron RAAF
No. 76 Squadron RAAF
No. 1 Advanced Flying Training School RAAF
No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit RAAF
No. 5 Operational Training Unit RAAF
Central Flying School RAAF
Fleet Air Arm
723 Squadron RAN
724 Squadron RAN

Burmese Air Force 1954-1978, 8 x T.55s

Royal Canadian Air Force
No. 421 Squadron RCAF

Royal Ceylon Air Force 1954, 3 x T.55s delivered but not used and returned to de Havilland still crated, order for further T.55s and FB.52s cancelled.

Fuerza Aérea de Chile

Fuerza Aérea de Republica Dominicana operated 25 ex-Swedish F.1s and 17 ex-Swedish FB.50s.

Egyptian Air Force

Suomen Ilmavoimat

Armee de l'Air
Aeronavale

Indian Air Force
Indian Naval Air Arm

Tentara Nasional Indonesia - Angkatan Udara operated six T.11s.

Iraqi Air Force

Irish Air Corps

Italian Air Force operated 268 Vampire from 1949 until 1960

Japan Air Self-Defense Force received one Vampire T.55 trainer for evaluation in 1955.

Royal Jordanian Air Force

Katangese Air Force operated two ex-Portuguese T.11s.

Lebanese Air Force

Fuerza Aérea Mexicana retired their Vampires in 1970.

Royal New Zealand Air Force
No. 14 Squadron RNZAF
No. 75 Squadron RNZAF

Royal Norwegian Air Force
No. 336 Squadron RNoAF
No. 337 Squadron RNoAF
No. 339 Squadron RNoAF
Jet Training Wing

Força Aérea Portuguesa Two T. 55 trainers.

Rhodesian Air Force / Royal Rhodesian Air Force

Royal Saudi Air Force - 15 former Egyptian FB.52s delivered in 1957 and withdrawn in 1958.
No. 5 Squadron

South African Air Force

Flygvapnet operated 70 F.1 (designated J 28A); 310 FB.50 (J 28B) and 57 T.55 (J 28C) aircraft.

Schweizerische Flugwaffe Kommando der Flieger und Fliegerabwehrtruppen (Flugwaffe)

Syrian Air Force

Royal Air Force
No. 3 Squadron RAF F.1
No. 4 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 5 Squadron RAF F.3, FB.5
No. 6 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 8 Squadron RAF FB.9
No. 11 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 14 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 16 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 20 Squadron RAF F.1, F.3, FB.5, FB.9
No. 23 Squadron RAF NF.10
No. 25 Squadron RAF NF.10
No. 26 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 28 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 32 Squadron RAF F.3, FB.5, FB.9
No. 45 Squadron RAF FB.9
No. 54 Squadron RAF F.1, F.3, FB.5
No. 60 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 67 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 71 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 72 Squadron RAF F.1, F.3, FB.5
No. 73 Squadron RAF F.3. FB.5, FB.9
No. 93 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 94 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 98 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 112 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 118 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 130 Squadron RAF F.1
No. 145 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 151 Squadron RAF NF.10
No. 185 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 213 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 234 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 247 Squadron RAF F.1, F.3, FB.5
No. 249 Squadron RAF FB.5, FB.9
No. 266 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 501 Squadron RAF F.1, FB.5, FB.9
No. 502 Squadron RAF F.3, FB.5, FB.9
No. 595 Squadron RAF F.1
No. 601 Squadron RAF F.3
No. 602 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 603 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 604 Squadron RAF F.3
No. 605 Squadron RAF F.1, F.3, FB.5
No. 607 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 608 Squadron RAF F.1, F.3, FB.5, FB.9
No. 609 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 612 Squadron RAF FB.5
No. 613 Squadron RAF F.1, FB.5, FB.9
No. 614 Squadron RAF F.3, FB.5, FB.9
No. 631 Squadron RAF F.1
No. 202 Advanced Flying School RAF
No. 203 Advanced Flying School RAF
No. 206 Advanced Flying School RAF
No. 208 Advanced Flying School RAF
No. 210 Advanced Flying School RAF
No. 226 Operational Conversion Unit RAF
No. 229 Operational Conversion Unit RAF
No. 233 Operational Conversion Unit RAF
No. 1 Flying Training School RAF
No. 3 Flying Training School RAF
No. 4 Flying Training School RAF
No. 5 Flying Training School RAF
No. 7 Flying Training School RAF
No. 8 Flying Training School RAF
No. 9 Flying Training School RAF
No. 10 Flying Training School RAF
No. 11 Flying Training School RAF
No. 102 Flying Refresher School RAF
No. 103 Flying Refresher School RAF
Central Flying School
Royal Air Force College
Central Air Traffic Control School
Central Navigation and Control School
Fleet Air Arm

Fuerza Aérea Venezolana

Zimbabwe Air Force

References

Bibliography

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de Havilland Vampire


Carlos Carnero

Carlos Carnero (born 24 November 1961, Madrid) is a Member of the European Parliament for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).  There is a single national constituency system for the elections to the European Parliament in Spain. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 1994. On 7 December 2006, he was appointed a member of the presidency of the Party of European Socialists (PES).

Carlos Carnero is a member of the Parliament's Constitutional Affairs Committee and is the spokesman for the PES Group of the European Parliament's Delegation to the  Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly (EMPA). He is also a substitute member of the Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee and Petitions committee. Carlos Carnero is a member of the delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries; the Delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly; and the delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee.

He is a member of the PSOE  Council on International Relations, where he directs the Working Group on Mediterranean Affairs. He was a member of the PSOE Federal Committee from 2001 to 2004.

He is also a Member of the Steering Committee of the European Movement.

Carlos Canero was the Nueva Izquierda European Policy Secretary (1998-2001) and IU External Policy Secretary (1992-1997).

He was the Chairman of the Parliament's team of observers at the parliamentary elections in Lebanon.

He is a Member of the Federalist Intergroup for the European Constitution.

He is a member of the editorial team of the Spanish political review 'Temas'.

He is also a member of the Movement for Peace, Disarmament and Liberty and Association for Democratic Solidarity with Equatorial Guinea.  He is a Member of the Spanish Union CCOO (the Workers' Committees).

Carlos Carnero is married, and has no children.

He speaks Spanish, English, French and Italian.

Carlos Carnero and the European Constitution

Carlos Carnero is one of the leading proponents of the European Constitution, which has been approved by a majority of EU countries.  He was an active member of the European Convention that drafted the European Constitution.  He actively participated in the Spanish referendum campaign for the European Constitution of February 2005, which was approved by a 76.72% of votes cast, co-directing the campaign effort for the PSOE.

He is still campaigning for the European Constitution at the European Parliament, in his conferences and articles. He also published the book "The European Constitution: Instructions Manual"(La Constitución Europea: manual de instrucciones) in 2005, together with Ramón Suárez and María José Martínez Iglesias.

Publications of Carlos Carnero
 Co-author of "Europe: the state of the Union" (Europa: el estado de la Unión) (2006.)
 Co-author of "The European Constitution: Instructions Manual" (La Constitución Europea: manual de instrucciones) (2005.)
 Co-author of "Building the European Constitution. Political Chronicle of the Convention" (Construyendo la Constitución Europea. Crónica política de la Convención) (2003.)
 Co-author of "12 Visions of a progressive policy" (12 Visiones de una política de progreso) (1998.)

External links
 Official Blog of Carlos Carnero
 Official Website of Carlos Carnero
 YouTube Channel of Carlos Carnero
 Carlos Carnero González at European Parliament (includes speeches, questions, motios, etc.)

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party MEPs
Category:MEPs for Spain 1999–2004
Category:MEPs for Spain 2004–2009
Category:Politicians from Madrid


Carella

Carella may refer to:
C.J. Carella, RPG maker and novelist
Emmanuel Carella, an Australian singer
Steve Carella, Detective in the American television show 87th Precinct
Enzo Carella, Italian singer


Pavlevtsi

Pavlevtsi is a village in Tryavna Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria.

References

Category:Villages in Gabrovo Province


Otonyetarie Okoye

Otonyetarie Okoye is a Rivers State, Nigerea, lawyer and civil servant. She is currently the Permanent Secretary of the Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture. Okoye was sworn-in at Government House, Port Harcourt on 11 December 2013. Before that, she was the Rivers State Director of Public Prosecutions.

See also
Rivers State Civil Service
List of people from Rivers State

References

Category:Living people
Category:Rivers State lawyers
Category:Rivers State civil servants
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Claflin School

The Claflin School is a historic former school building at 110–112 Washington Park, Newtonville, Massachusetts. It is a -story brick building, with a tall hip roof, projecting side-gabled wings, and a tall central gable section. The main facade is symmetrically arranged, with brick quoining around windows and corners, and entrances set in round-arch openings. It was built in 1891, and is a well-preserved example of Richardsonian Romanesque design. Its architect was Merrill J. Brown.

The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 1984, and included in the Newtonville Historic District in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Category:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Category:Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts
Category:Schools in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Category:Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts
Category:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Massachusetts


Soft key

A soft key is a button flexibly programmable to invoke any of a number of functions rather than being associated with a single fixed function or a fixed set of functions. A softkey often takes the form of a screen-labeled function key located alongside a display device, where the button invokes a function described by the text at that moment shown adjacent to the button on the display. Soft keys are also found away from the display device, for example on the sides of cellular phones, where they are typically programmed to invoke functions such as PTT, memo, or volume control. Function keys on keyboards are a form of soft key. In contrast, a hard key is a key with dedicated function such as the keys on a number keypad.

Screen-labeled function keys are today most commonly found in kiosk applications, such as automated teller machines and gas pumps. Screen-label function keys date to aviation applications in the late 1960s. Kiosk applications were particularly common in the 1990s and 2000s. Screen-labeled function keys are found in automotive and aviation applications such as in the primary flight and multi-function displays. An alternative to screen-labeled function keys is buttons (virtual keys) on a touchscreen, where the label is directly pushable. The increased prevalence of touchscreens in the 2000s has led to a decrease in screen-labeled function keys. However, screen-labeled function keys are inexpensive and robust, and provide tactile feedback.

History

Early examples are found in aviation glass cockpits, such as the Mark II avionics of the F-111D in the late 1960s/early 1970s (first ordered 1967, delivered 1970–73). Hewlett-Packard developed them for use in computers/calculators in the 1970s. The HP 9830 desktop computer was the first calculator with two rows of 4 keys, over which a paper overlay would be placed. These were later adapted to terminals. Programmers found that the HP 2640 terminals could lock the top two lines of the screen, so they displayed the key functions there. Starting with HP 2647 terminal, the keys were re-arranged to correspond with 2 pairs of 4 labels at the bottom of the screen. These could be programmed by escape sequence or configuration screen. This would be further developed on the failed HP 300 Amigo, which used keys at the right side of the screen and HP 250 business computers which placed them at the bottom. By arranging functions in hierarchical trees, many functions can be implemented with only 8 keys.

Graphical calculators
, HP calculators use this arrangement to implement hierarchical trees of functions. They are rarely found on PC applications, even though the first IBM PC BASIC labeled function key use at the bottom of the screen, and there were 12 function keys, patterned after use on IBM terminals.

Modern Texas Instruments calculators such as the TI-89 series use function keys to open drop-down menus on their menu bar, the menu title acting like the key label.

Casio calculators use the function keys for a menu at the bottom of the screen.

Mobile phone
A typical mobile phone with soft keys has them located beneath the bottom left and bottom right of the display; some, especially those made by Nokia, have an additional center soft key, activated by pressing on the center of the directional pad. Depending on the modality of the application, various functions can be mapped onto it. It can also bring up multiple functions listed on a pop-up expanded menu. Usually the prompt text on the display for the softkey is not allowed to be truncated or omitted with ellipsis. The softkey itself is usually not printed with a functional icon or text, but is often marked with a dot or short bar.

Soft keys have become increasingly rare as touchscreens take the place of function keys on many modern smartphones.

Point of sale
Screen-labeled function keys have found use in point of sale systems; NCR Corporation claims that their DynaKey system "has been proven to reduce training time and cashier errors".

References

 Kiljander, Harri (2004) “Evolution and usability of mobile phone interaction styles” Helsinki University of Technology, dissertation
 Lindholm, Christian. Keinonen, Turkka, Kiljander, Harri (2003) “Mobile usability : how Nokia changed the face of the mobile phone” New York : McGraw-Hill

Category:Input/output
Category:Graphical user interface elements


List of Sri Lankan Moors

This is a list of Sri Lankan Moors. Sri Lankan Moors (;  formerly Ceylon Moors; colloquially referred to as Muslims or Moors) are the minority ethnic group in Sri Lanka, comprising 9.3% of the country's total population. They are mainly native speakers of the Tamil language with influence of Sinhalese and Arabic words, however, some of them use Sinhalese as their native tongue. They are predominantly followers of Islam.

The Moors trace their ancestry to Arab traders who settled in Sri Lanka in waves beginning from the 8th century. The population of Moors are the highest in the Ampara, Trincomalee and Batticaloa districts.

The Portuguese named the Muslims in India and Sri Lanka after the Muslim Moors they met in Iberia. The word Moors did not exist in Sri Lanka before the arrival of the Portuguese colonists. The term 'Moor' was chosen because of the Islamic faith of these people, and was not a reflection of their origin.

The Tamil term for Moors is Sonakar, which is thought to be derived from the word sunni. The Tamil term Sonakar along with the Sinhalese term Yonaka, has been thought to have been derived from the term Yona, a term originally applied to Greeks, but sometimes also Arabs.

Head Moorman
 Head Moorman Dr. Oduma Lebbe Marikar Sheikh Abdul Cader Marikar alias Shaikady Marikar (1772-1847)
 Head Moorman Muhammad Lebbe Siddi Lebbe

Native headmen of Ceylon
Native headmen of Ceylon - The Native headmen system was an integral part of the administration of the island of Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka) under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. Native headmen or leaders where appointed by the European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populous. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in military, policing, administrative and ceremonial capacities. They served as translators, revenue collectors and wielded quasi-judicial powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.

Mudaliyar (Mudali - මුදලි)
 Chief Mudaliyar Sheikh Abdul Cader Marikar Muhammad Cassim Lebbe Marikar (1805 – 1877) - Chief Mudaliyar Eastern Province
 Aboobucker Mudaliyar of Galle
 Mudaliyar Muhammad Ismail Abdul Rahman
 Mudaliyar Casie Lebbe Maestriyar Oduma Lebbe

Muhandiram (මුහන්දිරම්)
 Haji Marikkar Muhandiram (d:1817) of Wellassa
 Galagaha Vidanalagegedara Seyed Mohamed Lebbe Marikar Madige Muhandiram (1840-1939) of Kandy
 M. K. Abdul Hameed Madige Muhandiram of Kurunegala
 Mohammed Salie Muhandiram Madige Aarachchi of Kotiyakumbura
 Ibra Lebbe Sulaiman Lebbe Muhandiram (1893 - 1964) of Kurikotuwa Maddeketiya Korale
 Muhandiram M. K. Mahmood Lebbe alias Thalama (1910-1981) of Ibbagamuwa.

Udayar
 Saleem Kariapper Udayar

Arachchi (ආරච්චි)
 Muhammedh Thamby Samsudheen Vidane-Arachchi alias Dheen Arachchi (1860 – 1915) of Negombo - Dheen Junction in Negombo is named after him
 Ali Thambi Abbas Lebbe Arachchi of Kal-Eliya
 Galagaha Vidanalage Gedara Ismail Marikkar Grama Aarachchi of Mawanella
 Unus Ibunu Muhammed Abdul Razzak Town Arachchi (1892-1972) of Nelundeniya
 Pawalkodi Ismail Lebbe Marikar Mathicham Muhammad Abdullah Headman, Titular Arachchi of Matara

Vanniah
 Abdul Kareem Kariapper Vanniah of Eravur Pattu and Koralai Pattu
 Abdul Latheef Kariapper Vanniah of Sammanthurai Pattu
 Mohamed Meeralebbe Abdul Majeed Vanniah
 Meera Lebbe Podi Vanniah

Peace Officer (Muladeniya)
 Peace Officer Muhammad Ghany of Galloluwa
 Peace Officer Sidar Muhannad Ali Thamby of Kal-Eliya
 Peace Officer Khalid Ahamed Unus Ibunu (1845-1898) of Nelundeniya
 Peace Officer Unus Ibunu Muhammad Ismail (1873-1918) of Warakapola
 Peace Officer Ali of Polgahawela

Vidane
 Arrasi Marikkar alias Sinna Thamby Vidane of Malwana
 Muhammad Hajie Marikar Vidane of Alutgama
 Maththicham Saleem Lebbe Muhammed Thamby Vidane (1819-1884) of Negombo - Udayar Thoppuwa Mosque at Dheen Junction in Negombo was built by him in 1846. This Masjid is maintained by his descendants who continue to preserve the original building.
 Avoo Lebbe Marikar Vidane of Thihariya
 Mohammed Mohideen Kariapper Vidane
 Hassan Meera Lebbe Police Vidane of Kahatovita
 Mohammed Meera Lebbe Seeni Vidane

Leading Businesspersons

1820-1947
 Oduma Lebbe Marikar Ahmed Lebbe Marikar Alim (OLMALM Alim) d. 1917  - He established O.L.M.A.L.M. Alim & Sons (Import of hardware & household items) in 1820 at 3rd Cross Street, Colombo 11.  He was one of the wealthy among the Ceylon Moors in Colombo. He did extensive hardware business and was possessed of several immovable properties. He had several sons who managed each department of his businesses. He passed away in 1917 and his estate was valued at approximately two million rupees.
 Idroos Lebbe Marikar Noordeen Hajiar – He established I.L.M. Noordeen Hajiar & Company (Import of iron, steel, metal, hardware, small arms, ammunition & electrical good) in 1840 at 236 Main Street, Colombo 11
 S.M. Assena Marikar– He established S.M. Assena Marikar & Company (Import of hardware & household items) in 1840 at 6 &14 China Street, Colombo 11.
 Yusuf Lebbe Idroos Lebbe Marikar Hajiar – He was General Merchant and Landed Proprietor. He was the Trustee of the Grand Mosque and had donated a valuable property in Pettah for the Mosque.
 Arasi Marikar Wapchie Marikar (1829-1925) -  His name will be long remembered as the builder of the General Post Office in Colombo, the Colombo Museum, Colombo Customs, Old Town Hall in Pettah, the Galle Face Hotel, Victoria Arcade, Finlay Moir building, the Clock Tower, Batternburg Battery etc. In January 1877, the completed building of the Colombo Museum was declared open by His Excellency, Governor Gregory, in the presence of a large crowd, amongst which there were many Muslims present. At the end of the ceremony His Excellency asked Arasi Marikar Wapchi Marikar what honour he wished to have for his dedication. The same question was asked by His Excellency from the carpenter who assisted Wapchi Marikar with the wood work of the Museum who desired a local Rank and was honoured accordingly. Wapchi Marikar, noticing the large number of Muslims present, feared that they would spend their time at the Museum on Friday during the Islamic congregation prayer, and requested that the Museum be closed on Fridays. This request has been adhered to by all authorities in charge of the Museum to this day.
 M.C. Joonoos - He established M.C. Joonoos & Company (Export of Jewelry & Gems) in 1855 at 12 Grand Orient Hotel, Colombo 01
 O.L.M. Macan-Markar (d. 1901)  – He established O.L.M. Macan-Markar & Company (Export of Jewellery & Gems) in 1860 at Grand Orient Hotel, Galle Face Hotel, Hotel Taprobane, Galle Face Courts Colombo 03
 Cassim Lebbe Marikkar Bawa - He Established C.L. Marikar Bawa & Sons (Import of Diamonds & Silk, Export of Jewelry & Gems) in 1869 at 90 Chatham Street, Colombo 01. Bawa Place in Colombo 08 is named after him
 Ismail Lebbe Marikar Muhammad Cassim – He established Abdul Rahims (Import of household items, hardware, furniture & electrical goods) in 1872 in the name of his eldest son Muhammad Cassim Abdul Rahim
 Assen Ali Muhammad Nagoor Meera - He established AM Nagoor Meera & Company in 1886 at Gas Works Street, Colombo 11. He died in 1923 and left behind an estate valued at 21 million Rupees, a vast and unbelievable fortune at that time
 A.H. Hamid – He established A.H. Hamid & Company (Import of Diamonds, Export of Pearls, Jewelry & Gems) in 1886 at 9/10 Bristol Building, Colombo 01
 Abdul Latife – He established Abdul Latife & Company (Import of household items) in 1887 at 23/25 3rd Cross Street, Colombo 11
 Sulaiman Lebbe Naina Marikar Hajiar (1868-1926) – He established S.L. Naina-Marikar & Company [Import of textiles & automobiles (1920)] at 188 Keyzer Street, Colombo 11
 Noordeen Hajiar Abdul Gaffoor Hajiar – He established N. D. H. Abdul Gaffoor & Sons (Export of Gems, Pearls, & Jewelry, Import of Diamonds) in 1895 at Gaffoor Building, Bristol Street, Colombo. He had special permission to board the ships that called at the Colombo harbour and sell his gems and jewellery to the sailors. By special command, Abdul Gaffoor was allowed the privilege of exhibiting pearls, diamonds, rubies and sapphires and art works to the Prince and Princess of Wales at the Kandy Pavilion, during their Royal visit in 1901. His stall was given a prominent place at the Wembley Exhibition in 1924 and Her Majesty Queen Mary personally visited his pavilion and made purchases. It was by sheer merit that he achieved success. In 1932, he established a Muslim Theological Institute, known as the Ghaffooria Arabic College, for the study of Arabic, at Maharagama. Abdul Caffoor Mawatha in Colombo 03 is named after him
 Wapu Marikar Hassim JP (1880-1960) - He attended Wesley College, Colombo, and was preparing to appear for the Notary’s examination when his elders recommended that he take up to trade and business. He established W. M. Hassim & Sons (Import of hardware & household items) in 1906, at No. 77, Main Street, Colombo 11. His charity knew no bounds for both Muslim and non-Muslim causes. The state, acknowledging his philanthropy and educational activity, honored him with the title of Justice of the Peace on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the accession to the throne of His majesty King George V
 Levana Marikar Uvais Hajiar – He established Mackie Stores in 1921 at 256 Main Street Colombo 11
 S. M. M. Hussain (1916-1991) - He established The Colombo Picture Palace (picture framing and sheet glass) in 1942

1948–Present
 M.I.M. Mohideen– He established M.I.M. Mohideen & Company (Importersof Sanitaryware, Ceramic, Bathroom Fittings & Accessories, Tiles, P.V.C, Pipes and Hardware) in 1960 at 110, 114 Messenger Street Colombo 12
 Mohamed Ismail Mohamed Naleem Hajiar (1932-2006) - Gem Merchant, Founder of Bairaha Group and Jamiah Naleemiah gem king
 A.W.M. Makeen Hajiar (1933-2014) - He established Macksons Holdings (parent Company of Multilac Paints) in 1970
 M.L.M Naeem Hajiar - He established Ali Brothers in 1970
 Zainul Abdeen Marikar Mohamed Refai Hajiar - He established Zam Gems in 1976

Politicians

Legislative Council of Ceylon (1833-1931)

 Muhammad Cassim Abdul Rahman (1829-1899) - He was nominated to a seat in the Colombo Municipal Council in 1876 to look after and promote the interest of the local Ceylon Moors (Muslims). He made such an impressive mark, that, while a Counsellor he was also appointed as an unofficial Municipal Magistrate. The Moors of Ceylon of the time, incoherent though, yet made calls for representation in the Legislative Council to which Abdul Rahman was appointed on October 29, 1889, as the first Mohammedan member, by Governor Gordon. His indispensability received such recognition, that, at the end of his five-year term, he was re-appointed for a further five years by Governor Havelock. However, he did not live long enough to fulfil that extended term.
 Wapchie Marikar Abdul Rahman (1868-1933) - He was nominated to the Legislative Council as the Muslim member in 1900
 Proctor Noordeen Hajiar Muhammad Abdul Cader (1879-1938) - He was one of the leading proctors of the day. He succeeded W.M.Abdul Rahman as the Muslim Member of the Legislative Council in 1915 and represented the Muslims in the Legislative Council for fifteen years.

State Council of Ceylon (1931–1947)
 Sir Mohamed Macan Markar (7 September 1877 - 10 May 1952) was a Sri Lankan, prominent colonial era legislator and businessmen. He was Minister of Home Affaires of the State Council, member of the Legislative Council and Senator
 Sir Razik Fareed OBE, JP, UM (29 December 1893  - 23 August 1984), was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) landed proprietor, politician, diplomat and philanthropist. He was the former Cabinet Minister of Trade, Senator, member of parliament and the state council. He had also served as Ceylon's High Commissioner to Pakistan.

House of Representatives (Ceylon) (1947–1972)
 Gate Mudaliyar M. S. Kariapper (1899- 1989) - He was a Sri Lankan politician and Member of Parliament. He was elected to Parliament at the 1947 parliamentary election to represent Kalmunai, as a United National Party candidate.
 Proctor Hameed Hussain Sheikh Ismail (19 May 1901 - 3 August 1974) - He was the 5th (First Muslim) Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (19 April 1956 – 5 December 1959). and first elected Member of Parliament in the first general election held for the Parliament of Independent Ceylon in 1947. Founder of Ceylon Baithul Mal Fund
  Mudaliyar Ahamedlebbe Sinnalebbe (b 1902)  - At the time of gaining political freedom the question of the national flag became an issue among the political leaders of the day. On Friday January 16, 1948 when the parliament met after lunch A. Sinnalebbe (Batticaloa) rose in parliament and moved, "That this house is of opinion that the Royal Standards of King Sri Wickrama Raja Sinha depicting a yellow lion passant holding a sword in its right paw on a red background, which was removed to England after the Convention of 1815, should once again be adopted as the official flag of free Lanka."
 Proctor M. M. Musthapa (1924-2000) - Minister of Fiance from 22 November 1959 to 5 December 1959
 Proctor I. A. Cader (1917-1979) - Ibrahim Adaham Abdul Cader, known as I. A. Cader was the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (22 May 1970 – 18 May 1977)

National State Assembly of Sri Lanka (1972–1978)
 Dr Badi-ud-din Mahmud (23 June 1904 – 16 June 1997)  - He was a Sri Lankan politician. He served 10 years [(23 July 1960 – 28 May 1963) and (31 May 1970 – 23 July 1977)] as Minister of Education and also held the office of Minister of Health and Housing.

Parliament of Sri Lanka (1978–present)
 Deshamanya Abdul Bakeer Markar  - (12 May 1917 – 10 September 1997) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the 12th (second Muslim) Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (21 September 1978 – 30 August 1983) and Governor of the Southern Province.
 Abdul Cader Shahul Hameed (10 April 1927 – 3 September 1999) - He was a Sri Lankan diplomat and prominent political figure. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka from 1977 to 1989; and from 1993 to 1994. In the intervening period he was Minister of Justice & Higher Education of Sri Lanka.
 M. H. Mohamed (15 June 1921 – 26 April 2016) - was a Sri Lankan politician. Mohamed served as the 14th (Third Muslim) Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (9 March 1989 – 24 June 1994) as well as being a former member of Parliament and government minister. Mohamed was the first Muslim and Sri Lankan Moor to hold office as Mayor of Colombo
 M. H. M. Naina Marikar – He was the minister of Finance from 10 January 1988 to 3 January 1989
 Imthiaz Bakeer Markar - is a Sri Lankan politician. He is the current Chairman of the National Media Centre and former Cabinet Minister of Media, Postal and Telecommunications  from 2001 to 2004 and State Minister of Housing from 1989 to 1993. He was also a member of the parliament from the Kalutara District from 1989 to 2004. Bakeer Markar is a former Vice President of the United National Party (UNP).
 M. H. M. Ashraff - former Minister of Ports Development and Eastern Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
 Rauff Hakeem - leader of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress
 Rishad Bathiudeen - Sri Lankan politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka

Diplomats
 Izzeth Hussain - He was the first ever Muslim to join the Ceylon Overseas Service and the first ever Muslim career diplomat to rise to the highest position in the Foreign Service by holding the position of Director General of Foreign Relations in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the 1980s. He was also the Ambassador to the Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of Independent States, based in Moscow.
 Abdul Cader Shahul Hameed - Sri Lankan diplomat and He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka
 A.M.J. SADIQ - Sri Lankan Ambassador to The Kingdom of Netherlands
 Ferial Ashraff - Sri Lankan former Ambassador to Republic of Singapore
Omer Kamil - Sri Lankan former Ambassador to Iran, accredited to Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan
Faisz Musthapha - Sri Lankan former Ambassador to United Kingdom
Javed Yusuf - Sri Lankan former Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
 SACM Zuhyle - Former Ambassador to Kuwait

Civil Servants
 A. M. A. Azeez - first Moor civil servant; former GA of Eastern Province (present Amparai); late Zahira College (Colombo) Principal
 Deshamanya Dr. A. M. M. Sahabdeen - Ceylon Civil Service, Founder of the A.M.M. Sahabdeen Foundation, Former Chairman of Sifani Group of Companies, Former Director of National Savings Bank, Visiting Head of Department of Western Philosophy at the Vidyodaya University

Judges & Lawyers

Judges
 Justice Izadean Mohamed Ismail - He was the 127th [01st Moor (02nd Muslim)] Justices of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka.  He was appointed on 1 January 1974 and held the office until 18 December 1981
 Justice Abdul Cader - He was the 141st [02nd Moor (03rd Muslim)] Justices of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka.  He was appointed on 8 December 1982 and held the office until 28 May 1985
 Justice Ameer Ismail - He was appointed as a Justices of the Supreme Court in 1990 and held the office until 1994
Justice Saleem Marsoof PC - He was appointed as a Justices of the Supreme Court in 2005 and held the office until 2014
 Justice S. I. Imam - He was appointed as a Justices of the Supreme Court on 9 January 2009 and held the office until 20 February 2013

Lawyers
 Proctor Muhammad Cassim Siddi Lebbe (1838-1898) - First Muslim Lawyer in Sri Lanka, and National Hero.
 Advocate Abdul Caffoor Mohamad Ameer QC - He was the 32nd (First Muslim) Attorney General of Ceylon. He was appointed in 1966 and held the office until 1970.
 Advocate Shibly Aziz PC  - He was the 35th [01st Moor (02nd Muslim)] Solicitor General of Sri Lanka appointed in 1992 and held the office until 1992. He was the 37th (Second Muslim) Attorney General of Ceylon appointed in 1995 and held the office until 1996. President of the Bar Association of Sri Lanka

Physicians

Allopathic medicine
 Dr Colenda Marikar Muhammad Zubair - First Muslim to qualify as a Doctor
 Dr S.M Jabir - Second Muslim to qualify as a Doctor
 Deshamanya Dr M. C. M. Kaleel (3 February 1900 – 19 October 1994) - He was a Ceylonese physician (Third Muslim to qualify as a Doctor), social worker and politician.
 Dr A.C.M. Sulaiman - Founder of The Grandpass Maternity & Nursing Home (Sulaiman's Hospital) in 1942
 Deshamanya Professor A. H. Sheriffdeen - A Sri Lankan surgeon, academic and voluntary worker
Vidya Jyothi Professor Rezvi Sheriff - FRCP (Lon), FRCP (Edin), FRACP, FCCP, FSLCGP, FNASSL is a Sri Lankan academic and physician. He is the Director of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine; Senior Professor of Medicine; Head of the Department of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. He is also a Consultant Physician and Nephrologist National Hospital Sri Lanka.

Unani medicine
 Dr. A. L. M. M. Hameem \

Ayurveda medicine

Siddha medicine

Homeopathy medicine
 Dr. M. Abdul Latif

Accountants
 Alavi Ibrahim Macan-Markar (1919-1998) – Founder of A I Macan Markar & Co (Chartered Accountants). A I Macan Markar & Co (AIMM) was founded in 1946
 Abdul Rahman Muhammed Hathy (d:8 Oct 2002) - Senior Partner - BDO Burah Hathy and Co (Chartered Accountants). Burah Hathy & Co, was established in 1958
 S. M. Sabry (1940-2008) was the 35th (First Muslim) Auditor General of Sri Lanka. He was appointed on 26 January 1993 and held the office until 13 August 2000.
 Reyaz Mihular - He is the Managing Partner of KPMG in Sri Lanka and is a Board Member of KPMG’s Middle East & South Asia (MESA) Regional Cluster

Other Professionals
 Rushdi Jabir (1977) – Motivational Speaker, educated at Prince of Wales College and University of Southern Queensland (MBA). As a muslim, he has spoken/motivated the highest number of military staff (Army, Navy, Air Force, STF and Police) in Sri Lanka.

Engineers

Chemical engineer

Civil engineer
 S. Mufees R. Rafeek - Head of Projects Airport & Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Ltd

Electrical engineer
 S. A. C.  M. Zubair

Mechanical engineer

Military

Sri Lanka Army
 Major General M. Gibri Muthalib (M.K.M. Family - Kandy)
 Major Muhammed Farook Muhammed Fikiri - He was killed in Action in Nineteen Ninety Seven (1997)
 Brigadier Asad Isadeen

Sri Lanka Air Force
 Flying Officer M. J. M. Aathque died in Aircraft Crash on 26 June 1998

Sri Lanka Navy
 Captain Akram Alavi - Navy Media Spokes Person

Sri Lanka Police
 Deputy inspector general of police (DIG) A. C. Abdu Gaffoor

Sports

Cricket
 Mohamed Abdal Hassain " Abu Fuard " (6 December 1936 – 28 July 2012) was a Sri Lankan cricketer who played first-class cricket for Ceylon from 1957 to 1970 and served for many years as a national cricket administrator
 Farveez Maharoof - Sri Lankan cricketer, in the 2004 World Cup in which he captained the Sri Lankan under 19 team

Rugby Football
 Inthisham Marikar - The former Trinity rugby ‘Lion’ led the 1996 double champions Kandy outfit. He represented the national sevens and fifteens teams from 1987 to 1992, and later again in 1996 and 1997. He led the national sevens team tour to Italy. Earlier in his career he led the Under-24 team in 1990 when they toured Hong Kong. He took up coaching in 2000 and has been accredited as level 3 coach by the World Rugby in 2018 becoming only the second Sri Lankan to receive that certificate
 Haris Omar - He led Trinity College Kandy in 1995, he also had the privilege of captaining the Sri Lanka Under 19 and Under 21 rugby teams. He led the Kandy Sports Club in 1999, and became the youngest captain. It was the first time that a father and son captained Kandy SC. (Isphan captained in 1975 and the son after 24 years)

Snooker
 Muhammad Junaid Muhammad Lafir (27 May 1930 - 26 April 1981) was a former World Champion snooker player from Sri Lanka. Lafir became the world champion in billiards in December 1973 World Amateur Billiards Championship by defeating Satish Mohan of India in the finals held in Mumbai. Lafir became the first Sri Lankan to win a billiards world championship. This was also the first time that a Sri Lankan has won a world championship title in any form of sports competition.

Musicians
 Mohideen Baig - popular Sri Lankan musician

See also
 Islam in Sri Lanka
 Sri Lankan Moors
 Sri Lankan Malays
 List of Sri Lankan Malays
 Indian Moors
 Memons in Sri Lanka

References

Moors

Moors
Moors


Patricia Zavala

Patricia Zavala Nicoloso is a Venezuelan model and television host. She hosts E! Entertainment Television's Coffee Break on its Latin-American channel.

Biography
Zavala was born in the city of Punto Fijo on the Paraguaná Peninsula in Falcón State. She pursued studies in Social Media Communication at the Universidad Santa María (Caracas).

She is a former Miss E! Venezuela, having won the Chica E! Venezuela 2010 put on by E! Special.

She hosts Coffee Break on E! which began airing in November 2011. On her program she has interviewed celebrities such as Anne Hathaway, Kelly Osbourne, Charlize Theron, George Clooney, Jim Parsons, Sofia Vergara, Hugh Jackman, Nicole Kidman, Amanda Seyfried, Taylor Swift, Gerard Butler, Alessandra Ambrosio, Juanes, Jared Leto, Matthew McConaughey and Matt Damon. She is also a news correspondent for E! Latin News.

She hosted E! Latin America's 2012, 2013 and 2014 coverage of the Golden Globe Awards.

Before her career at E! she worked as a costume designer, art director, video editor and an assistant to Carlos Cruz-Diez. She was also the face of La Senza from 2010 to 2012 for the Venezuelan market. La Senza is owned by L Brands, the parent company for Victoria's Secret.

References

Category:American television hosts
Category:Living people
Category:Venezuelan female models
Category:Universidad Santa María (Venezuela) alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Women television presenters


Nun's Island Distillery

Nun's Island Distillery was an Irish whiskey distillery which operated in Galway, Ireland, from at least 1815, and possibly as early as the late 1700s, until circa 1908.

At its peak, in the late 1800s, output at the distillery reached 400,000 gallons per annum, and with a workforce of over 100, the distillery was one of the largest local employers. Owned by the Persse family from the 1840s onwards, the distillery produced single pot still whiskey known as Persse's Galway Whiskey. The whiskey was sold locally in Connacht, where for much of the 1800s, Nun's Island was the only licensed distillery. However, it was also exported, and is said to have been a sold to the British House of Commons, a fact proudly noted on their labels.

Production at the distillery ceased circa 1908, with the remaining stocks wound down off over several few years.

A bottle of Persse's whiskey was placed for auction in 2002 with a reserve price of £100,000 - however, it failed to sell. The bottle later sold for £3,300 in 2014.

History
The early history of the distillery is somewhat difficult to piece together. It is known that a distillery on Nun's Island was being operated on by a John Joyce in the late 1700s. This distillery, which was subsequently taken over by Patrick Joyce, is thought to have ceased operations in 1807.

A Patrick Joyce is recorded as running a small distillery on Nun's Island again in 1823. Therefore, it is possible that the closure was temporary. By 1828, output at the distillery had increased to 130,000 proof gallons per annum. There are claims that the distillery ceased operations again in the late 1830s. However, a newspaper advertisement from 1841 reports that a distillery "lately occupied and worked" by Messrs. James and Patrick Joyce was to be sold on 4 February 1841. The advertisement noted that the distillery was held under a 300-year lease, which had commenced in August 1815. This tallies with Alfred Barnard's 1887 report that Joyce's owned the distillery from 1815 to 1840.

In about 1840 or 1841, the distillery was purchased by the Persses, a local family who ran several other distilleries in the area. There is some conflicting information with regard to the precise and nature of the sale date. Barnard reported that the distillery was sold by the Encumbered Claims Courts in 1840. However, a newspaper article from the era reports that the distillery was to be sold by private contract in February 1841. As Barnard mentions that the Persses enlarged the original operation, the confusion may be due to piecemeal purchases of different sections of the site, or delays in finalising the sale as the distillery had been repeatedly advertised for sale beginning in at least early 1840.

Initially the Persses converted the distillery to a woollen mill, which was known for producing excellent friezes. However, when their lease on the nearby Newcastle Distillery expired in 1846, they moved their distilling operations at the Nun's Island complex, and re-established the site as a distillery.

In 1886, the distillery was visited by British historian Alfred Barnard, as recounted in his seminal publication "The Whiskey Distilleries of the United Kingdom". Barnard noted that at the time of his visit Nun's Island was the sole distillery operating in Connacht, and had an output of about 400,000 gallons per annum. In addition to offices, workshops, stables, and storehouses, the distillery buildings included two lofty Maltings and Corn stores built of stone, five storeys of which were devoted to the storing of corn, and two to malting purposes; an elegant brew house equal to any in Ireland; a back house containing thirteen washbacks, each with a capacity of about 18,000 gallons; a still house containing a 16,000 gallon wash still, a 10,000 gallon spirit still, and a 6,000 gallon low-wines still; a spirit store occupied by a 12,000 gallon vat; and five warehouses, holding a total of about 5,000 casks at the time.

Like many other Irish distilleries, Nun's Island encountered financial difficulties during the early part of the 20th Century, is thought to have closed shortly before World War I.

Since closing, some of the distillery complex has been demolished. However, several of the main distillery buildings, notably the large riverside warehouse, are still extant.

Bibliography

References

Category:Defunct distilleries in Ireland
Category:1846 establishments in Ireland
Category:1915 disestablishments in Ireland


Task Force Kandahar

Task Force Kandahar (TFK) was the formation conducting the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Kandahar Province under ISAF Regional Command South. When it concluded its mission in summer 2011, the formation included a Canadian Forces battle group, three U.S. Army battalions (two of infantry and one of military police), an engineer regiment, a signal squadron,  Operational Mentor and Liaison Teams (OMLTs), and contributions to Operational Mentor and Advisory Teams (OMATs) and the Police Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (P-OMLT).

Origin

Move from Kabul
On 29 November 2005, the Canadian base Camp Julien in southwest Kabul officially closed.  Canadian Forces (CF) components that were in Kabul under Operation Athena were relocated to Kandahar as part of the U.S.-led campaign against terrorism known as Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The Canadian component was initially designated Operation Archer.  The Canadian Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) had already been at Camp Nathan Smith in Kandahar since August 2005.  The PRT integrated elements from the Canadian Forces (CF), Foreign Affairs Canada (FAC), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

Task Force Afghanistan
In early 2006, Canada's contribution to Operation Archer increased to approximately 2300 personnel.  The then-designated Task Force Afghanistan also included a Canadian-led multinational brigade headquarters, designated Task Force Aegis, and Canadian battle group designated Task Force Orion centred on 1st Battalion Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (1 PPCLI).  This time frame also saw the introduction of the M777 howitzer as part of the task force in February 2006.  The period was highlighted by Operation Mountain Thrust and Operation Zahara (also designated the First Battle of Panjwaii).  1 PPCLI was given the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation from the Governor-General of Canada for "exceptional determination and courage during relentless combat in Afghanistan, from January to August 2006".  On 31 July 2006, with the expansion of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mandate, US-led Coalition forces handed command of the southern region of Afghanistan to Regional Command South.  With the transfer of command authority, the majority of Canadian Forces in Afghanistan came again under Operation Athena.

Evolution of Task Force Kandahar

Task Force 3-06 (Operation Athena Rotation 2)
On 19 August 2006, the 1st Battalion The Royal Canadian Regiment Battle Group (1RCR BG) assumed command of the Kandahar Province area of operations from Task Force Orion.  In early September 2006 the task force lead Operation Medusa with the aim to clear Taliban insurgents from a fortified position in Pashmul.  For the operation, the battle group was partnered with forces from the United States, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Afghanistan.  The Battle of Pashmul marked the first time NATO had engaged in combat operations at the battle group-level.  In the citation for the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation, the battle group had succeeded "where larger forces had failed, they prevented the enemy from realizing their goals of capturing the city and weakening international resolve and cohesion".  An Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (OMLT) was formed to work with the 1st Brigade of the 205 Atul (Hero) Corps (1/250 Corps), based in Kandahar Province.  This surge, along with the deployment of a squadron of Leopard 1 tanks from Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians), CFB Edmonton, increased the number Canadian Forces in Afghanistan to 2500.  With Brigadier-General Timothy Grant assuming command of the Canadian elements in Kandahar in November 2006 and the construction of Provincial Operations Centre at Kandahar Airfield, the framework for Joint Task Force Afghanistan (JTF-Afg) was in place.

Task Force 1-07 (Operation Athena Rotation 3)
Although the battle group for TF 1-07 was based on 2nd Battalion The Royal Canadian Regiment (2RCR) from CFB Gagetown, the headquarters for Task Force Kandahar was primarily force generated from Land Force Atlantic Area, taking on a greater responsibility than previously rotations' Nation Command Elements. The commander for Task Force Kandahar was also designated Commander Joint Task Force Afghanistan, ultimately responsible for all Canadian Forces personnel and assets deployed in southwest Asia.  The task force contributed to Operation Achilles mid-April to
mid-March 2007, the clearing of Taliban fighters from Helmand Province.  This offensive action was the largest NATO operation in Afghanistan up to this point.  On 15 May 2007, the Canadian OMLT took over full responsibility for the mentoring of 1/250 Corps from the United States Army.  In July 2007, the Government of Canada increased its diplomatic presence in Kandahar by appointing Michel de Salaberry as the Representative of Canada Kandahar (RoCK).

Task Force 3-07 (Operation Athena Rotation 4)
Both the headquarters and the battle group were generated from 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (5 CMBG) with Brigadier-General Guy Laroche as the commander.  This rotation of the headquarters saw the "digitizing" of the task force, modernizing the command and control information systems within the task force and the standing up of Task Force Kandahar Signal Squadron.
The 3rd Battalion Royal 22e Régiment Battle Group (3 R22eR BG), which was awarded the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation, was "instrumental in dismantling improvised explosive device networks, re-capturing checkpoints and returning them to Afghan control, enhancing the capacity of Afghan forces and providing guidance on community building and local governance." On 16 October 2007, the Government of Canada indicated the current mission was to end in 2011.

Task Force 1-08 (Operation Athena Rotation 5)
 Battle group – 2nd Battalion Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Battle Group
 Provincial Reconstruction Team – B Company, 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
 Task Force Kandahar – Rotation 4 Task Force Kandahar headquarters remained (9-month tour)
 Dates – February 2008 – September 2008

Task Force 5-08
Based on headquarters from 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, TF 5-08 was also part of Operation Athena Rotation 5, but as the headquarters were on nine-month tours instead of the standard six, the headquarters were no longer in sync with their respective rotation.  The headquarters, although it was involved with force-generation exercises with both Rotation 5 and 6, the Commander, Brigadier-General Denis Thompson, referred to the headquarters as "Rotation 5.5".  On the evening of 13 June 2008, Taliban fighters executed a raid on Kandahar’s Sarposa Prison, freeing as many as 1100 prisoners (approximately 400 Taliban).
 Battle of Arghandab
 2nd Battalion, 2nd Infantry Regiment (United States) comes under operational command of TFK for operations in Maywand.

Task Force 3-08 (Operation Athena Rotation 6)
 Battle Group – 3rd Battalion The Royal Canadian Regiment Battle Group
 Operation Shahi Tandar
 Joint Task Force Afghanistan Air Wing stands up 6 December 2008
 Dates – August 2008 – February 2009

Task Force 5-09
 Task Force Kandahar – Headquarters rotation only.  Based on headquarters from 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group.
 Commander – Brigadier-General Jonathan Vance
 Transfer of command authority 19 February 2009

Task Force 1-09 (Operation Athena Rotation 7)
 Battle group – 2nd Battalion Royal 22e Régiment Battle Group
 Dates – March 2009 – November 2009

Task Force 3-09 (Operation Athena Rotation 8)
 Battle group – 1st Battalion Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry Battle Group
 Dates – November 2009 – May 2010

Task Force 6-09
 Task Force Kandahar – Headquarters rotation only.  Based on headquarters from 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group.
 Commander – Brigadier-General Daniel Ménard.  Relieved from his position, and Colonel Simon Hetherington was designated as acting commander in the interim.  Brigadier-General Jonathan Vance returns in until TF 5-10.
 At the beginning of July 2010, Canadians transferred command responsibility for Kandahar, Arghandab and Zhari to U.S. forces and control for the Horn of Panjwaii directly to Regional Command South.

Task Force 1-10 (Operation Athena Rotation 9)
 Battle group – 1st Battalion The Royal Canadian Regiment Battle Group
 Dates – February 2010 – October 2010

Task Force 3-10 (Operation Athena Rotation 10)
 Battle group – 1st Battalion Royal 22e Régiment Battle Group
 Dates – October 2010 – July 2011
 Last task force under combat operations mandate

Task Force 5-10
 Task Force Kandahar – Headquarters rotation only.  Based on headquarters from 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group.
 Commander – Brigadier-General Dean Milner
 Last headquarters prior to Mission Transition Task Force and Operation Attention.
 Canada's combat mission in Kanadar ends 7 July 2011.

See also
 Operation Athena
 Canada's role in the Afghanistan War
 Canadian Forces casualties in Afghanistan

References

Category:Ad hoc units and formations of Canada


Vatnica

Vatnica () was a župa (county) of the medieval Serbian state, Kingdom of Bosnia (after 1377), and the Duchy of Saint Sava (cca. 1468-83). It was located in a deep valley between Berkovići and Bileća (now eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina). It was first mentioned in the early 14th century as Vetanica (), described as part of Travunija. It was transformed into the Ottoman nahiya of Fatnica () in the 15th century.

References

Category:Historical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Category:Medieval Herzegovina
Category:Berkovići
Category:Bileća


Bolshoy Talmaz

Bolshoy Talmaz () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Shagirtskoye Rural Settlement, Kuyedinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 231 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

References

Category:Rural localities in Perm Krai


Saru, Mazandaran

Saru (, also Romanized as Sārū) is a village in Kuhestan Rural District, in the Central District of Behshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,658, in 416 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Behshahr County


Luke Bateman (trade unionist)

Luke Henry Bateman (born 1873) was a British trade unionist and politician.  He repeatedly narrowly missed out on election to Parliament.

Born in Bristol, Bateman began working for the Great Western Railway, becoming a stationary engineman, and joining the National Union of Railwaymen (NUR).  He slowly came to prominence in the union, serving as president of its Bristol Joint Committee, then as president of its Bristol and South West District Council.

Bateman joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and also the Union of Democratic Control.  The ILP was affiliated to the Labour Party, for which he stood in Bristol East at the 1918 United Kingdom general election, taking second place with 42.8% of the vote.  He stood again at the 1922 United Kingdom general election, increasing his vote share to 49.7%, and missing out on election by only 151 votes.  He did not stand in 1923, but at the 1924 and 1929 United Kingdom general elections, he stood in Monmouth, taking around a quarter of the vote on each occasion.

References

Category:1873 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Independent Labour Party politicians
Category:Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Category:Trade unionists from Bristol


Red coat

Red coat, Redcoat  or Redcoats refers to soldiers of the British Empire and their signature uniform: Red coat (military uniform).

It may also refer to:

Entertainment
 Redcoats (Butlins), members of the  staff at Butlins holiday camps in the UK
Redcoats (play), a 2019 play about holiday camps
 Redcoats (TV series), a series on the lives of Butlins Redcoats
 Redcoats (band), a rock band in Melbourne, Australia
 The Redcoats, an American rock band
 Georgia Redcoat Marching Band, of the University of Georgia
 Redcoat, a 1993 novel by Bernard Cornwell
 Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars), fictional character
 Red Coats (film), the English title for Giubbe rosse an Italian film

Military
 Red coat (military uniform), uniform worn historically by most infantry and some cavalry regiments of the British Army
 Redshirts (Italy), volunteer soldiers headed by Garibaldi during Risorgimento
 Red Serge, a ceremonial tunic worn by members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Other
 Ohio Valley Redcoats, a minor league baseball team
 Redcoat Air Cargo, a British cargo airline from 1976 to 1982
 Sir John Cass Redcoat School, a Church of England School in Stepney, London, UK
 The common name for Utricularia menziesii, an Australian carnivorous plant
 A particular hue of paint

See also
 Redshirt (disambiguation)


Jimmy Maher (politician)

James Joseph Maher  (1888 – 28 July 1964) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.

Life and politics

Maher was born in 1888 in Palmerston North. He received his education at a local school until age 12, when his father died and he became a farm worker. He then went sharemilking, and leased a farm at Mangaroa, which he later purchased. He was the inaugural president of the Town Milk Supplies Board from 1943, chaired the Wellington Dairy Farmers Co-op Association, was a member of the Hutt Valley Council, a member of the Hutt Valley Power Board, and was a treasurer of Federated Farmers in 1948.

In the , Maher contested the  electorate, but was beaten by the incumbent, Labour's Ben Roberts. At the next general election in , he successfully contested the Otaki electorate, where the incumbent, Labour's Leonard Lowry, retired that year. Maher represented the  electorate until he retired in 1960. Allan McCready his son-in-law succeeded to the Otaki seat.

In the 1962 Queen's Birthday Honours, Maher was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to the community. He died on 28 July 1964.

Notes

References

Category:1888 births
Category:1964 deaths
Category:New Zealand National Party MPs
Category:New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Category:Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Category:New Zealand farmers
Category:People from Upper Hutt
Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 1943 New Zealand general election
Category:New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire


David Nicholson (horse racing)

David Nicholson (19 March 1939 – 27 August 2006) was a British National Hunt jockey and trainer. He was British jump racing Champion Trainer in the  1993–94 and 1994–95 seasons.

Nicholson was the son of Frenchie Nicholson who was also a successful jockey and National Hunt trainer.  As a young lad Nicholson was nicknamed 'The Duke' by one of his father's grooms. It is a nickname that is still used to this day to describe him.

As a jockey he rode 538 winners over jumps between 1955 and 1974 and came third in the jockey's championship in the 1964–65 season. His biggest win came in the Whitbread Gold Cup on Mill House in 1967.

As a trainer he was one of the leading trainers in National Hunt racing during the 1980s and 1990s. He won the Cheltenham Gold Cup with Charter Party in 1988, the King George VI Chase with Barton Bank in 1993 and the Queen Mother Champion Chase with Viking Flagship in 1994 and 1995. He retired in 1999.

In 2008 an extra race was added to the Cheltenham Festival named the David Nicholson Mares' Hurdle in honour of Nicholson.

Major wins as trainer

Cheltenham Gold Cup - (1) - Charter Party (1988)
King George VI Chase - (1) - Barton Bank (1993)
Queen Mother Champion Chase - (2) - Viking Flagship (1994, 1995)
Melling Chase - (2) - Viking Flagship (1995, 1996)
Stayers' Hurdle - (1) - Anzum (1999)
Christmas Hurdle - (1) - Mighty Mogul (1992)
Triumph Hurdle - (2) - Solar Cloud (1986), Mysilv (1994)
Sun Alliance Novices' Hurdle - (2) - Thetford Forest (1992), Putty Road (1995)
Arkle Challenge Trophy - (1) - Waterloo Boy (1989)
Sefton Novices' Hurdle - (3) - Barton Bank (1992), Corner Boy (1994), Forest Ivory (1997)
Tingle Creek Chase - (5) - Long Engagement (1987, 1989), Waterloo Boy (1991, 1992), Viking Flagship (1994)
Whitbread Gold Cup - (1)- Call it a Day (1998)
Mackeson Gold Cup - (2) - Very Promising (1986), Another Coral (1991)

See also
 David Nicholson Mares' Hurdle

References
Independent Obituary

Category:1939 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:British horse trainers
Category:English jockeys


Wilfred Grenfell

Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, KCMG (28 February 1865 – 9 October 1940) was a medical missionary to Newfoundland.

Early life and education
He was born at Parkgate, Cheshire, England, on 28 February 1865, the son of Rev. Algernon Sidney Grenfell, headmaster of Mostyn House School, and Jane Georgiana Hutchison.

Grenfell moved to London in 1882. He then commenced the study of medicine at the London Hospital Medical College (now part of Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry) under the tutelage of Sir Frederick Treves. He graduated in 1888.

Career

Career overview
The Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen sent Grenfell to Newfoundland in 1892 to improve the plight of coastal inhabitants and fishermen. That mission began in earnest in 1892 when he recruited two nurses and two doctors for hospitals at Indian Harbour, Newfoundland and later opened cottage hospitals along the coast of Labrador. The mission expanded greatly from its initial mandate to one of developing schools, an orphanage, cooperatives, industrial work projects, and social work. Although founded to serve the local area, the mission developed to include the aboriginal peoples and settlers along the coasts of Labrador and the eastern side of the Great Northern Peninsula of northern Newfoundland. One of the children Grenfell assisted was an Inuit girl, Kirkina, for whom he helped secure artificial limbs and later the Grenfell Mission educated her in nursing and midwifery.

In 1907, Grenfell imported a group of 300 reindeer from Norway to provide food and serve as draft animals in Newfoundland. Unbeknownst to him, some of the animals carried a parasitic roundworm, Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, that then spread to native caribou herds. The reindeer herd eventually disappeared; however, the parasite took hold and causes cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (CSE) in caribou, a disease well known in reindeer in Scandinavia.

In 1908, Grenfell was on his way with his dogs to a Newfoundland village for a medical emergency when he got caught in "slob", from which he managed to get onto an ice-pan with the dogs. He was forced to sacrifice some of his dogs to make a warm, fur coat for himself. After drifting for several days without food or fresh water, he was rescued by some villagers in the area. Because of this experience he buried the dogs and put up a plaque saying, "Who gave their lives for me."

He married Anne Elizabeth Caldwell MacClanahan (died 1938) of Chicago, Illinois, in 1909. They had three children and retired to Vermont after his work in NewfoundlandThey were married in 1909 and came to live in the Grenfell House (which they designed together) in St. Anthony, Newfoundland.

Anne gave Dr. Grenfell's life comfort and refinement. She became totally involved in his work. She organized his fundraising tours and lectures, edited his books and helped secure scholarships for the children of the area to continue their education.

Although Anne was ill towards the end of her life, she kept her pain hidden from her husband and took care of him until she died in 1938.

Height of his career
By 1914 the mission had gained international status. In order to manage its property and affairs, the International Grenfell Association, a non-profit mission society, was founded to support Grenfell's work. The Association operated until 1981, as an NGO. It had responsibility for delivery of healthcare and social services in northern Newfoundland and Labrador. After 1981 a governmental agency, The Grenfell Regional Health Services Board, took over the operational responsibility. The International Grenfell Association, having divested itself of all properties and operational responsibility for health and social services, boarding schools, hospitals then became a supporting association making grants and funding scholarships for medical training. For his years of service on behalf of the people of these communities he was later knighted by the King in 1927. In 1931, Grenfell had a small speaking role in the film, The Viking, in which he narrated the film's prologue and gave a brief statement of the tragic circumstances involving the film's production. During the production of the film, which was filmed on location in Newfoundland, producer Varick Frissell felt that the film needed more action sequences and set out on the ice floes to film them. During filming, the ship, SS Viking on which filming was taking place, exploded killing Frissell and 27 others.

Death and legacy
Grenfell died of a coronary thrombosis at Kinloch House in Charlotte, Vermont on 9 October 1940. His ashes were brought to St Anthony, where they were placed inside a rock face overlooking the harbour.

The Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell Historical Society was formed in 1978. The society purchased Grenfell's home in St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador. The home has been restored as a museum and archives. The Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell Historical Society with the support of Provincial Government and the International Grenfell Association began construction of an interpretation centre in St. Anthony and it was opened in 1997. This facility added to the existing house and serves to promote the legacy to thousands of visitors each year. The Grenfell Interpretation Centre also is used by other organizations for meetings and events. A large interpretive display is housed there and provides historical background surrounding the work of Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell.

Grenfell is honoured with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 9 October.

Literary inspiration
A unique figure, Grenfell served to inspire at least two characters in Canadian literature: Dr. Luke in Norman Duncan's Doctor Luke of the Labrador (1904) and Dr. Tocsin in White Eskimo by Harold Horwood (1972).

A biography for children (middle-high school) was written in 1942, by Genevieve Fox. Published by Thomas Y. Crowell Co. The book had second and third printings as well.

The following statement has been widely ascribed to him, but cannot be found in any of his books: "The service we render to others is really the rent we pay for our room on this earth. It is obvious that man is himself a traveler; that the purpose of this world is not 'to have and to hold' but 'to give and serve.' There can be no other meaning."

Fashion, Clothing, Fabric
Mill owner Walter Haythornthwaite of Burnley, Lancashire created a cloth for Sir Wilfred Grenfell after attending a Grenfell lecture.  Designed to withstand the conditions of the Labrador coast, it is a 600 thread-per-inch woven cotton gaberdine that became known as 'Grenfell Cloth' from 1923. The cloth became the signature fabric of the Grenfell Clothing brand which is, to this day, manufactured in the United Kingdom.  Grenfell specialises in luxury and outdoor outerwear, popular in Japan, the UK and Europe

Awards
 Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George  - 1907
 Honorary Doctorate of Medicine, University of Oxford – 1907 (first ever granted)
 Murchison Prize, Royal Geographical Society - 1911 (awarded for his charts of Labrador)
 Knighthood - 1927 (recognition of medical, educational and social work)
 Honorary Knight for Life, Loyal Knights of the Round Table, Fifth Rank - 1928 (for great service to humanity)
Induction into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame - 1997

In 1979, the Corner Brook campus of Memorial University of Newfoundland was renamed Sir Wilfred Grenfell College in his honour. In 2010, following a debate to rename this campus, the name Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland was chosen, to reflect the campus' ties to the spirit of Sir Wilfred Grenfell's legacy.

Publications
Books by Grenfell include:
 Vikings of To-Day: or, Life and Medical Work among the Fishermen of Labrador (1896)
 The Harvest of the Sea (1905)
 Off the Rocks: Stories of the Deep-sea Fisherfolk of Labrador (1906)
 Adrift on an Ice-Pan (1909)
 What Will You Do with Jesus Christ (1910)
 What the Church Means to Me: A Frank Confession and a Friendly Estimate by an Insider (1911)
 The Adventure of Life (1912)
 Down North on the Labrador (1912)
 What Life Means to Me (1913)
 Tales of the Labrador (1916)
 A Labrador Doctor (1919)
 Yourself and Your Body (1924) written at the time when he said his two sons had just reached the age of ten million Whys? and Hows?
 What Christ Means to Me (1926)
 Labrador Looks at the Orient: Notes of Travel in the Near and the Far East (1928)
 Forty Years for Labrador (1932)
 Labrador Days (19??)
 The Romance of Labrador (19??)
 What the Bible Means to Me (19??)
 Adrift on an Ice-Pan unabridged audiobook edition (2004)

See also

 Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland
 International Grenfell Association
 CCGS Sir Wilfred Grenfell

Notes

References
  Endnotes:
"The chief source of information is Grenfell's autobiography first published in 1919 under the title A Labrador Doctor, and republished in 1932, in a revised and expanded form, under the title Forty Years for Labrador. See also":
James Johnston (1908), Grenfell of Labrador
A. G. Hall (1919), Doctor Wilfred Grenfell
F. L. Waldo (1920), With Grenfell on the Labrador and
D. Wallace (1922), The Story of Grenfell of the Labrador
B. J. Mathews (1924), Wilfred Grenfell
F. L. Waldo (1924), Grenfell
E. H. Hayes (1930), Forty Years on the Labrador
Joyce Reason (1942), Deep-sea Doctor
Genevieve May Fox (1947), Sir Wilfred Grenfell, New York

Further reading

 Miller, Basil (1948). Wilfred Grenfell: Labrador's Dogsled Doctor. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
 Reason, Joyce (1940). Deep-Sea Doctor: Wilfred Grenfell. London: Edinburgh House Press.
 Reason, Joyce (1974).  "O Médico dos Mares Profundos". de Janeiro: União Feminina Missionária Batista do Brasil Portuguese, translation by Mein, Mildred Coz (translator)
 Rompkey, Ronald (1991), Grenfell of Labrador: A Biography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

External links

 Grenfell Museum Properties
 International Grenfell Association
 Grenfell Photo Exhibit
 Town of St. Anthony - Grenfell's Town

 Timothy Clark's YouTube video featuring the Sharecroppers' song lyrics - a great tribute to Grenfell

Anne MacLanahan Grenfell

Category:1865 births
Category:1940 deaths
Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:19th-century English medical doctors
Category:Alumni of the London Hospital Medical College
Category:People educated at Marlborough College
Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews
Category:People from St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador
Category:Newfoundland Colony people
Category:Dominion of Newfoundland people
Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Category:Canadian people of Cornish descent
Category:Canadian people of English descent
Category:Deaths from thrombosis
Category:20th-century English medical doctors
Category:People from Neston
Wilfred


Small Farmer Development Foundation

Small Farmer Development Foundation (ক্ষুদ্র কৃষক উন্নয়ন ফাউন্ডেশন) is a government foundation that is responsible for the welfare of small-scale farms and farmers. It is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It provides collateral free micro loans to small farmers in Bangladesh.

History
Small Farmer Development Foundation traces its origins to the Small Farmers and Landless Work Development Project. The project took place from 1975-1976 in Bogra District, Comilla District, and Mymensingh District. In July 1988 the project was expanded to include Patuakhali District and Barguna District. The first part of the project was finished in 1991.

The Second phase was carried out from 1991 to 1996 and included Barisal District and Bhola District. The third phase of the project was done from 1998 to 2004. The project was converted into a separate legal foundation under the Article 28 of the Companies Act of 1994 to continue its work.

References

Category:Government-owned companies of Bangladesh
Category:1975 establishments in Bangladesh
Category:Organisations based in Dhaka


Kosala Kulasekara

Chamith Kosala Bandara Kulasekara (born 15 July 1985, in Mavanalle) is a professional Sri Lankan cricketer, who plays Tests and ODIs. He is an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm fast medium.

Domestic career
He played domestic cricket for the Nondescripts Cricket Club and the Ruhuna Rhinos. He is also a member of Western Troopers in SLC Super 4's T20 tournament. In April 2018, he was named in Dambulla's squad for the 2018 Super Provincial One Day Tournament.

He was a part of 2004 Sri Lanka's ICC Youth World Cup squad. He played his u19 cricket alongside Upul Tharanga, Farveez Maharoof, Kaushal Silva and Suraj Randiv.

He performed commendably during the u19 World Cup in Bangladesh and won Man of the Match awards for his 5/27 vs Canada and 37 runs vs Zimbabwe.

Later in his career, he moved to Baduraliya SC.

International career
He has played in one Test, where he made his debut against Pakistan in 2011 at Sharjah. He made ODI debut in the same tour against Pakistan on 11 November 2011 at Dubai.

See also
 One-Test wonder

References

Category:Living people
Category:1985 births
Category:Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Category:Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Category:Nondescripts Cricket Club cricketers
Category:Sri Lankan cricketers
Category:Ruhuna cricketers
Category:Kandurata Warriors cricketers
Category:Galle Cricket Club cricketers
Category:Wayamba cricketers
Category:Kandurata cricketers
Category:Asian Games medalists in cricket
Category:Cricketers at the 2014 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games gold medalists for Sri Lanka
Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games


Douglas E. Smith

Douglas E. Smith (28 October 1960 – 7 September 2014) was a video game designer best known as the author of the 8-bit game Lode Runner (1983) considered a seminal work of the 1980s.

Smith, of Renton, Washington, wrote his most famous game while an architecture student at the University of Washington. He wrote the core game over the course of a single weekend in 6502 assembly language on an Apple II+. He borrowed money to purchase a color monitor and joystick and continued to improve the game. Around Christmas of 1982, he submitted the game to four publishers and quickly received offers. He took the deal with Brøderbund and the game was published in 1983. It was one of the first games to include a level editor.

During the 1990s, he was executive producer of the English-language version of Secret of Mana and contributed to the localization of Chrono Trigger. He was the executive producer of Secret of Evermore.

References

External links

Douglas E. Smith at MobyGames (complete game credits)

Category:1960 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Video game designers
Category:Video game artists
Category:Video game producers
Category:Video game programmers


Garner v. Louisiana

Garner v. Louisiana, 368 U.S. 157 (1961), was a landmark case argued by Thurgood Marshall before the Supreme Court. On December 11, 1961, the court unanimously ruled that Louisiana could not convict peaceful sit-in protesters who refused to leave dining establishments under the state's "disturbing the peace" laws.

Background
African-American students from Southern University sat at a "whites only" segregated lunch bar at Sitman's Drugstore in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The management summoned the Police after the students quietly remained despite being asked to relocate to another counter. After ordering the black patrons to leave, the Police arrested them and charged them with disturbing the peace, claiming that their behavior could "foreseeably disturb or alarm the public," according to the state's "disturbing the peace" statute.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People defended the student demonstrators as did the Kennedy administration's Justice Department, which filed a legal brief on their behalf.

Opinion of the Court
In a 9-0 decision, the court ruled in the African-American students' favor, arguing the state violated due process of law under the 14th amendment and finding there was no evidence the students' behavior could have foreseeably disturbed the peace. In his written opinion, Justice John Marshall Harlan likened sit-in demonstrations to verbal expression as a form of free speech.
Justice William O. Douglas in his concurring opinion said, “For the police are supposed to be on the side of the Constitution, not on the side of discrimination. Yet if all constitutional questions are to be put aside and the problem treated merely in terms of disturbing the peace, I would have difficulty in reversing these judgments. I think, however, the constitutional questions must be reached and that they make reversal necessary.”

Garner v. Louisiana was an important case for the Civil Rights Movement, and one of many civil rights cases argued before the Warren Court (1953–69).
Eventually, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 "outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion or national origin in hotels, motels, restaurants, theaters, and all other public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce."

References

External links

Category:History of the United States (1945–64)
Category:20th century American trials
Category:1961 in United States case law
Category:United States equal protection case law
Category:United States Supreme Court cases
Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
Category:Civil rights movement case law


The Ismaili Centre, Burnaby

The Ismaili Centre, Burnaby is one of six such centres worldwide. It was the first purpose-built Ismaili jamatkhana and the first Ismaili centre in North America. It has accordingly been the subject of sustained, dedicated academic analysis, being noted as a case-study of modern Islamic architecture in the West.

Foundation

'The site in Burnaby was acquired in 1979, for it was here that the first Ismaili congregation was established in Canada.' The foundation ceremony for the new building was held on 26 July 1982, and construction was completed in 1985, during the silver jubilee of Aga Khan IV; the new building was opened by the former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.<ref name="Karim-2013-p155">Karim H. Karim, 'Pluralism, Migration, Space and Song: Ismaili Arrangements of Public and Private Spheres', in Diverse Spaces: Identity, Heritage and Community in Canadian Public Culture', ed. by Susan L. T. Ashley (Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013), pp. 148-69 (at p. 155); https://www.academia.edu/14002048.</ref> The building was conceived as an 'ambassadorial building' aiming to give visual architectural expression to the expanding Ismaili community in Canada, and designed 'not just for the use of the members of the Ismaili community, but [...] to become part of the fabric of the civil life of the area'.

Architecture

Designed by the Vancouver architect Bruno Freschi,Harold Kalman, Robin Ward, and John Roaf, Exploring Vancouver: The Architectural Guide (Vancouver: D & M Publishers, 2012), p. 296. the Centre has been described as 'monumental', 'spectacular' and 'sitting harmoniously' within its environment, reflecting 'traditional Islamic architectural vocabulary in modern context, materials, and craftsmanship'. Its footprint is 3,870 square metres (41,600 square feet), with a basement containing offices and classroom space, and two upper floors, a double-height prayer-hall (reserved for Ismaili worship) and a multi-purpose hall, around a courtyard with a fountain. The prayer-hall is roofed with a series of shallow Turkish-style domes. The design 'attracted international plaudits'.

Practice

Jamatkhana (sometimes simply khana) is a sacred place for Ismaili Muslims to pray and to learn. After the praying has finished they have a socializing period. During that period of time they sometimes have refreshments and food.

 References

External links

 'Photo Gallery of the Ismaili Jamatkhana and Centre, Burnaby, Canada', Simerg – Insights from Around the World'' (April 11 2009)

Burnaby
Category:1985 establishments in British Columbia
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1985
Category:Religious buildings and structures in Vancouver
Category:Shia Islam in Canada


Kai Nyyssönen

Kai Nyyssönen (born 10 June 1972) is a Finnish former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a striker. After retiring as a player, Nyyssönen became a football manager.

His elder brother is fellow player Harri Nyyssönen.

Career

Playing career
Born in Kuopio, Nyyssönen played club football in Finland for KuPS, Haka, Hämeenlinna and PP-70, in Belgium for RWD Molenbeek, in Spain for Córdoba, in Scotland for Motherwell (where he scored once against Dundee United), and in Greece for Chania.

He also earned two caps for Finland between 1996 and 1997.

Coaching career
Nyyssönen managed KuPS between 2007 and 2009.

References

External links

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Kuopio
Category:Finnish footballers
Category:Finland international footballers
Category:Finnish expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Category:R.W.D. Molenbeek players
Category:FC Haka players
Category:FC Hämeenlinna players
Category:Córdoba CF players
Category:Motherwell F.C. players
Category:Kuopion Palloseura players
Category:Scottish Premier League players
Category:Belgian First Division A players
Category:Finnish expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain
Category:Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Category:Expatriate footballers in Greece
Category:Finnish football managers
Category:Kuopion Palloseura managers

Category:Association football forwards


Charlotte Caniggia

Charlotte Chantal Solange Caniggia Nannis  (born 15 February 1993) is a model, and media personality. She is the daughter of retired professional footballer Claudio Caniggia with retired model Mariana Nannis.

Biography
Her television appearances started in 2012 when she participated in the eight season of Bailando por un Sueño in Argentina.

In early 2015 Charlotte took part (with Cecilia Rodriguez, Fanny Neguesha, Cristina Buccino, Rocco Siffredi, Valerio Scanu, Alex Belli and others contestants) in the tenth season of the Italian reality show L'isola dei famosi (Celebrity Survivor) hosted for the first time by Alessia Marcuzzi with Alvin on Canale 5.

In early 2016 Charlotte took part in the fourth season of the Spanish reality show Gran Hermano VIP 4. In March, she participated again in "El Bailando", in its 2016 edition, Bailando 2016, in Argentina.

In 18 September 2017, Charlotte Caniggia is hostess of her docu-reality programme "MTV Caniggia Libre".

In 2019, she participated again in "El Bailando", in its 2019 edition, Bailando 2019, in Argentina.

References

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Argentine female models
Category:Argentine expatriates in Italy
Category:People from Buenos Aires
Category:Participants in Italian reality television series
Category:Hispanic and Latino American female models


Canada Cycle & Motor Company

Canada Cycle & Motor Company can refer to:
 CCM (The Hockey Company) the manufacturer of hockey equipment
 CCM (cycle) the bicycle manufacturer


Cultural sustainability

Cultural sustainability as it relates to sustainable development (to sustainability), has to do with the maintaining of cultural beliefs, cultural practices, heritage conservation, culture as its own entity, and attempts to answer the question of whether or not any given cultures will exist in the context of the future. Culture is defined as a set of beliefs, morals, methods, and a collection of human knowledge that is dependent on the transmission of these characteristics to younger generations. Sustainability is defined as the ability to sustain or continue. The two concepts have been intertwined within social and political domains, and as such, have become one of the more important concepts of sustainability.

First mentioned in 1995, cultural sustainability also proposed viable options in the field of social policy, providing solutions to sustainable development issues.

Cultural Sustainability can be regarded as a fundamental issue, even a precondition to be met on the path towards sustainable development. However, the theoretical and conceptual understanding of cultural sustainability within the general frames of Sustainable Development remains vague and consequently, the role of culture is poorly implemented in the environmental, as well as political and social policy. Determining the impact of Cultural Sustainability is found by investigating the concept of culture in the context of Sustainable development, through multidisciplinary approaches and analyses. This means examining the best practices for bringing culture into political and social policy as well as practical domains, and developing means and indicators for assessing the impacts of culture on Sustainable Development.

Cultural sustainability has always been categorized under the social pillar of the three pillars of sustainability, but with recent developments within this field considerations are being made in order to make Cultural Sustainability its own pillar, due to its growing importance within social, political, environmental, and economic spheres. The importance of cultural sustainability lies within its influential power over the people, as decisions that are made within the context of society are heavily weighed by the beliefs of that society.

Socio-political landscapes
Culture has an overwhelming effect on social, economic and political planning, but as of yet, has failed to be incorporated into social and political policy on a grand scale, however, certain policies regarding both policy and politics have managed to be implemented into some conventions that are implemented on a global scale. Culture is found everywhere within a society, from the relics of previous generations, to the accumulated values of a society. Culture within society can be divided into two, equally important subtopics that aid in the description of cultural specific characterizations. These categories, as defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) are "Material" and "Immaterial". Material objects such as shrines, paintings, buildings, landscapes and other humanistic formations act as a physical representation of the culture in that area. Although they have little social and political utility, they serve as physical landmarks and culturally dependent objects whose meaning is created and maintained within the context of that society. The accumulation of these cultural characteristics are what measures a society's cultural integrity, and these characteristics are inherently capable of transforming landscapes of political, social and environment nature via the influence that these values and historical remains have on the population.

Little success has come with the implementations of cultural policy within the context of politics due to a lack of empirical information regarding the topic of cultural sustainability. The Immaterial category contains more socially and politically applicable characteristics such as practices, traditions, aesthetics, knowledge, expressions etc. These characteristics embody social and political utility through education of people, housing, social justice, Human Rights, employment and more. These values contribute to the well-being of a society through the use of collective thinking and ideals i.e. culture. Culture also presents more room for expansion on its effects on a society. Specifically, creativity, respect, empathy, and other practices are being used to create social integration and also to create a sense of "self" in the world.

Convention implementation

Implementation of policy on a global scale has had little success, but enough to show an increasing interest in the topic of Cultural Sustainability. The conventions that have been implemented, have done so on a large scale, involving multiple countries, across most continents. UNESCO has been responsible for the vast majority of these conventions, maintaining that cultural sustainability and cultural heritage are a strong cornerstone of society. One of the more relevant conventions created in 2003 is the "Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage" which proclaims that culture must be protected against all adversarial combatants. This safeguard was implemented as an understanding that culture guarantees sustainability. Implementing policy based on cultural history is in the process of becoming a widely talked about subject and holds that cultures will be able to thrive in the context of both present and future. Conventions made by UNESCO regarding cultural preservation and sustainability are surrounding the promotion of cultural diversity, which means multiple cultures and ideals within one grand culture.

Cultural heritage
Cultural memorabilia and artifacts from a cultures history maintain an important role in modern society as they are kept as relics and shrines in order to remember the stories, knowledge, skills and methods of ancestors and learn invaluable lessons from the past. Today, cultures use libraries, art exhibits and museums as a placeholder for these important objects and other culturally significant artifacts. Not only are these objects revered, but the buildings themselves are oftentimes a symbol of cultural integrity to the community which it belongs. Linking with the other pillars of sustainability, the biggest barrier to cultural sustainability is funding. Economic sustainability relies on a number of systems with goals to ensure economic prosperity by eliminating spending where it is not needed. Cultural buildings such as museums oftentimes fail to receive the funding it needs to continue the preservation of culturally significant artifacts.

Sustainable tourism
Tourism is a travelling method for which people can venture to different areas of the globe and experience new ways of living, and explore landscapes not native to their country of origin. Tourism is constantly being criticized for its impact on the social, political and environmental landscapes due to its high volume of mass consumers. Within the realm of tourism exists more sustainable practices and ideals that are aligned with the idea of cultural sustainability.

Geotourism

Geotourism is a form of tourism which relies heavily upon the sustainability, or even the improvement of a selected geological location. Serving as an alternative to Mass Tourism, Geotourism was created with the purpose of aiding in the sustainable development movement. Geotourism is a method which focuses on Sustainable culture, ecological preservation and restoration, welfare of local populous, and the wildlife in the immediate area. The link between Geotourism and Cultural sustainability lies within their role in maintaining the natural state of the environment, including the social and cultural environment. Preservation of the local culture has been a key element of Geotourism from its inception, and due to this form of tourism, travellers are able to experience true local culture, lifestyles, and practices experienced by the people native to that region. This form of tourism provides education regarding destinations they have travelled to via ethnographic methods, and also calls upon the traveller to become aware of the footprint they leave on the environment, as well as social changes that may be harmful to the indigenous peoples. Responsibility plays an important role in Geotourism by informing travellers of their duties to respect, and preserve the local culture. Many countries have adapted this method of tourism, going as far as to implement geotourism sites equipped with guides that discuss matters of importance in that area such as environmental or cultural concerns. Such countries include:
 Many states within the U.S.A. including California & Arizona
 Romania
 Norway
 Honduras
Geotourism in Honduras includes The Bay Islands,  a Caribbean archipelago made up of three main islands, Utila, Roatan, and Guanaja and a few lesser islands and cays located off the north coast of Honduras. These islands have been blessed with stunning natural scenery, highlighted by idyllic beaches, tropical hillsides, and mangrove forests.
 Mexico
Geotourism in Mexico includes Puerto Penasco. This region includes the protected Sea of Cortez, the Pinacate Crator which offers barren deserts, sacred tribal and Indian lands, fishing zones, estuaries, oyster beds,  and vibrant farmland and wine country.
 Canada
Geotourism in Canada includes Nova Scotia. It was visited by explorers and geologists from around the world for centuries, Nova Scotia′s geological sites are now recognized for their beauty as much as for their rich history. Nova Scotia’s sites include the iconic lighthouses, which is built on rocky precipices that reach out into the sea.
 Portugal

Geotourism in Portugal includes the Geopark of Arouca, which, in 2010, was officially recognized and joined the Global network of Geoparks, under the auspices of UNESCO. The park is known for its natural, gastronomical, and cultural heritage. This mountainous area, with rivers, natural parks, steep slopes and lush vegetation covers the entire municipality of Arouca. The granite used to build so many religious and historical monuments, Romanesque chapels and Baroque churches in the region came was extracted from its mountains – Freita and Montemuro.

As the practice of sustainability in all forms (environmental, social, and economy) becomes a more revered topic and gains traction within political spheres, sociologists suggest refining the practices of tourism to fit a mold that is more conducive to the sustainability models.

Tazim et al. suggests the key to sustainable tourism lies within the responsible practice of travellers, but also within the direct participation of the locals in tourism practices. Although Geotourism shows to be a viable alternative for mass tourism, reducing the footprint of travellers on different parts of the world, there have been criticisms made regarding its fairness to the local population. Issues of fair pay, and the rights of the local people are the basis of the ethical dilemmas this kind of tourism faces. Tourism has a direct effect on the culture of the local populous, and as such, the focus of sociologists has been how to maintain the local environment (physically, socio-culturally, and economically) while at the same time, introduce people to a new culture.

See also
Circles of Sustainability
Geotourism
Sustainability
UNESCO
Human rights
Sustainable development

References

Category:Sustainability
Category:Sociology of culture


Choctaw Casinos & Resorts

Choctaw Casinos & Resorts is a chain of eight Indian casinos and hotels located in Oklahoma, owned and operated by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.

The original location in Durant has  of gaming floor, over 4,200 slot machines, and 776 hotel rooms. The resort has two casinos and two hotels within the complex. The South Casino was completed in 2006 with  of floor space, and the North Casino was completed in 2010 with  more floor space. Choctaw Inn has 101 hotel rooms, and the newer Grand Tower has  of floor space, 330 rooms and suites, and is 12 floors tall. The $360 million resort is the flagship of the Choctaw Nation gaming industry.

Locations
 Choctaw Casino – Broken Bow
 Choctaw Casino – Idabel
 Choctaw Casino – McAlester
 Choctaw Casino – Stigler
 Choctaw Casino – Stringtown
 Choctaw Casino Hotel – Pocola
 Choctaw Casino Resort – Durant
 Choctaw Casino Resort – Grant

History

The Choctaw Casino Resort sits on a 50-acre site, adjacent to the former Choctaw Casino Bingo. The Choctaw Casino Bingo was built in 1987 and was the first of the Choctaw gaming franchise. In 2006, the original $60 million resort (now known as the South Casino) was completed with the construction. Soon after completion, tribal officials determined they built too small for their clientele and went underway with an expansion. In February 2010, a larger casino was built adjacent to the existing resort and became known as the North Casino. The Grand Hotel Tower is built atop the North Casino. The Bingo Hall then closed, shortly after the opening of the expansion.

Durant

Tourism

The Choctaw Casino Resort and Choctaw Casino Bingo complex is a major tourist destination for Durant, the State of Oklahoma, North Texas, including the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Kansas. Some 5,000-6,000 people patronize the facility each week, about 300,000 annually. About 81 percent of the casino's customers are from Texas, and the casino is heavily marketed on television, radio, and the internet to people in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Marketing materials put emphasis on the casino's location as being "One Hour North of Dallas."

Facilities

The Choctaw Lodge and Choctaw Inn
In addition to the main tower, the Choctaw Lodge has 59 rooms and offers a free breakfast. The Choctaw Inn offers over 100 rooms, and is built next to the Oasis and is linked to the casino.  Both of these properties were refurbished in December 2012. The Choctaw Lodge is non-smoking and pet-friendly.

The Oasis
In addition to the casino's gaming floor, the Choctaw Casino & Resort features The Oasis swimming area where visitors will find multiple pool areas, water slides, Jacuzzis, cabanas, and dive-in movies being shown on an inflatable screen during the summer months.

Choctaw Wellness Center
The Choctaw Wellness Center has amenities including a full gymnasium, batting cage, and an indoor walking track.

The District
Completed in September 2015, the District is an entertainment center with attractions including a video arcade, movie theater, bowling alley, and laser tag arena. The District is a non-smoking area.

Choctaw Nation
The Choctaw casinos in Oklahoma are owned and operated by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Proceeds from the casino are used to fund many development programs benefiting local communities and the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.

Sources
Choctaw Casinos Oklahoma
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
Oklahoma Indian Gaming Association
National Indian Gaming Commission
Choctaw Casino Resort - The District

References

External links

Category:Choctaw
Category:Casinos in Oklahoma
Category:Buildings and structures in Bryan County, Oklahoma
Category:Native American casinos
Category:Tourist attractions in Bryan County, Oklahoma
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Oklahoma State Highway 142

State Highway 142, abbreviated SH-142, is a  highway in southern Oklahoma. It serves as a short truck route and bypass around the northern and eastern sections of Ardmore.

Route description

SH-142 in Ardmore is locally designated as Veterans Boulevard. The highway's western terminus is at I-35 (milemarker 33) in Ardmore.  Beginning as a divided highway, it intersects US-77 (locally designated as Commerce) approximately 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) to the east.  From there, SH-142 progresses as a two-lane highway approximately 2 miles (3.2 kilometers), passes by Ardmore Middle and High Schools, makes a fairly sharp right turn to the south (near the Valero refinery), and terminates 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) to the south at an intersection with State Highway 199. The roadway (but not the SH-142 designation) continues south as P Street Northeast just to the east of greater Ardmore.

History
SH-142 was originally designated as a state highway in 1958 between US-77 on Ardmore's north side and the former US-70 on the east side of the city which is the current SH-199. In 1969 when I-35 was completed along the west side of Ardmore, SH-142 was extended a mile further west from US-77 to an interchange with the interstate route.

Junction list

References

External links
SH-142 at OKHighways.com

142
Category:Transportation in Carter County, Oklahoma