To the Person Sitting in Darkness

"To the Person Sitting in Darkness" is an essay by American author Mark Twain published in the North American Review in February 1901.  It is a satire exposing imperialism as revealed in the Boxer Uprising and its aftermath, the Boer War, and the Philippine–American War expressing his anti-Imperialist views. It mentions the historical figures Emilio Aguinaldo, William McKinley, Joseph Chamberlain, William Scott Ament and others, and fueled the Twain–Ament indemnities controversy.

Background

Mark Twain was 'an outspoken critic of American involvement in the Philippines and China', and "one of the mammoth figures in anti-imperialism, and certainly the foremost anti-imperialist literary figure", having become in January 1901 a vice president of the Anti-Imperialist League of New York. James Smylie explains the controversy: "Twain went after the respected Congregationalist minister, Reverend William Scott Ament, director of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Ament joined other powers in seeking indemnities from the Chinese after the Boxer Rebellion against western exploitation in 1900. Twain, perhaps unfairly, was shocked that Ament would use such blood money for the "propagation of the Gospel" and to promote the "blessings of civilization" to brothers and sisters who "sit in darkness." He summoned to missionaries: Come home and Christianize Christians in the states!"

According to Twain biographer Albert Bigelow Paine, "Twain, of course, was fiercely stirred. The missionary idea had seldom appealed to him, and coupled with this business of bloodshed, it was less attractive than usual. He printed the clippings in full, one following the other; then he said:By happy luck we get all these glad tidings on Christmas Eve—just the time to enable us to celebrate the day with proper gaiety and enthusiasm. Our spirits soar and we find we can even make jokes; taels I win, heads you lose.

Title
The title of the article is "an ironic reference to Matthew 4:16 — "The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light"", "and used by the Christian missionaries when referring to the 'savage', 'heathen', 'uncivilized' populations of the lands the imperialists were conquering." It was also a reaction to the intervention philosophy of British writer Rudyard Kipling's pro-imperialistic February 1899 poem The White Man's Burden. The title was "a play upon the idea of western civilization being 'enlightened'". Kipling had used the image when he wrote:
            The cry of those ye humor
            (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--
            'Why brought ye us from bondage,
            Our loved Egyptian night?'

Content
"Without any doubt 'To the Person Sitting in Darkness' is Twain's most famous anti-imperialist piece. The satire is incredibly dark and Twain does not hesitate to taunt those whom he considers to be immoral including McKinley as the 'Master of the Game,' the missionaries, and the trusts." Zwick describes it as "an acid indictment of the brutalities the British, French, German, Belge, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian and American capitalist governments were committing all over the world." According to Susan Harris:“To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” which Mark Twain published in the North American Review in 1901, attacks Western imperialism as it was manifesting itself in South Africa, China, Cuba, and the Philippines. It names its villains – [William] McKinley, Joseph Chamberlain, the Kaiser, the Czar – and their instruments, especially the Reverend William Scott Ament, a Congregationalist minister who was affiliated with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

"Twain lampooned missionary morality and likened it to questionable American activities in the Philippines". According to Foner, Twain used the conduct of Ament to "drive home the point that the missionary movement served as a front for imperialism.

"He went on to score Ament, to compare the missionary policy in China to that of the Pawnee Indians, and to propose for him a monument— subscriptions to be sent to the American Board. He denounced the national policies in Africa, China, and the Philippines, and showed by the reports and by the private letters of soldiers home, how cruel and barbarous and fiendish had been the warfare made by those whose avowed purpose was to carry the blessed light of civilization and Gospel “to the benighted native”—how in very truth these priceless blessings had been handed on the point of a bayonet to the “Person Sitting in Darkness.” Mark Twain never wrote anything more scorching, more penetrating in its sarcasm, more fearful in its revelation of injustice and hypocrisy, than his article “To the Person Sitting in Darkness.” He put aquafortis on all the raw places, and when it was finished he himself doubted the wisdom of printing it.</blockquote>

Censorship
In Europe and Elsewhere (1923), Twain's literary executor, Albert Bigelow Paine, altered "To the Person Sitting in Darkness," a work that Twain himself had seen through the press, by removing the controversial section on William Ament and the indemnities issue in China in the aftermath of the Boxer Uprising.

References

External links

 "To the Person Sitting in Darkness", Twain's full unexpurgated version as published in The North American Review (February 1901).

 logosjournal has an introduction and critical analysis of the essay. It omits just over 4 pages of the article, primarily dealing with the Indemnities Controversy.
  published version contained in Great Short Works of Mark Twain - By Mark Twain on Google Books

Category:1901 essays
Category:Essays by Mark Twain
Category:Anti-imperialism in North America
Category:Works originally published in the North American Review

de:König Leopolds Selbstgespräch


Sarah Amos

Sarah Maclardie Amos born Sarah Maclardie Bunting (1840–1908) was a political activist. She was the superintendent of the Working Women's College in Queen Square, London.

Life
Amos was born in Manchester in 1840 to Eliza and Thomas Percival Bunting. She had three siblings, Mary, Eliza and Percy who went onto edit the Contemporary Review. In 1865 she became the superintendent of the Working Women's College in Queen Square. The college had been founded to deliver education to working women by Elizabeth Malleson in 1864.

Amos married Sheldon Amos in 1870. He was a Law professor at University College London and despite their income they decided to live in the poorer area near Red Lion Square. Their daughter Bonté was born in 1870 and her son was Maurice Amos was born in 1872 and they moved to New Barnet.

Sarah and Amos took a prominent part in Liberal Nonconformist politics and in movements connected with the position of women. They opposed laws that further criminalized prostitutes and they campaigned against the Contagious Diseases Act.

The Amos family moved to Australia in 1880 in an attempt to fix his father's health problems. However they did not like the country and stopped in Egypt with the ambition of returning to England. Sheldon was offered and accepted work helping Lord Dufferin with legal issues. All three of them stayed in Egypt until Sheldon's died in 1886.

The first meeting of the "Society for Promoting the Return of Women as County Councillors" in November 1888 at her house. This what would become the Women's Local Government Society and the invitees included several of her relatives. The group was led by Annie Leigh Browne and it was deciding suitable women candidates for election. Sarah died in Cairo on 21 January 1908 whilst staying with her son.

References

Category:1840 births
Category:1908 deaths
Category:English activists
Category:English women activists


Ring-necked francolin

The ring-necked francolin (Scleroptila streptophora) is a bird species in the family Phasianidae.  It is found in Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Rarer than previously believed, it is uplisted from a species of Least Concern to Near Threatened status in the 2007 IUCN Red List.

References

 BirdLife International (2007): Ring-necked Francolin - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2007-AUG-26.

ring-necked francolin
Category:Birds of Central Africa
Category:Birds of East Africa
ring-necked francolin
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


Junonia genoveva

Junonia genoveva, the mangrove buckeye, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1780. It is found in North America from southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, southern Texas, and southern Florida south through the West Indies, Mexico and Central America to Argentina. Rare strays can be found up to southeastern California, southeastern Colorado and central Florida. In the Cayman Islands, it is known as the Caribbean buckeye.

The butterfly is easily confused with Junonia evarete, the tropical buckeye. Not only have the common names mangrove and tropical buckeye been confused, but the two species of butterflies themselves have been sometimes misidentified in past literature. Recent consensus designates Junonia genoveva the mangrove buckeye and Junonia evarete the tropical buckeye.

The wingspan is 45–57 mm.

The larvae have been recorded on Stachytarpheta, Ruellia tuberosa and Blechum in Jamaica. Adults feed on flower nectar.

Subspecies
Junonia genoveva genoveva (Suriname)
Junonia genoveva constricta (Venezuela, Colombia)
Junonia genoveva hilaris (Paraguay, Uruguay)
Junonia genoveva incarnata (Colombia, Venezuela)
Junonia genoveva infuscata (Ecuador)
Junonia genoveva neildi (Central America, Florida (US), Bahamas, Antilles, Puerto Rico)
Junonia genoveva michaelisi (Central America, Honduras, Florida (US), Bahamas, Antilles, Puerto Rico)
Junonia genoveva vivida (Guyana, Suriname)

References

External links

 Noctuidae of North America

genoveva
Category:Butterflies of North America
Category:Butterflies of Central America
Category:Butterflies of the Caribbean
Category:Nymphalidae of South America
Category:Mangrove fauna
Category:Butterflies of Cuba
Category:Butterflies of Jamaica
Category:Butterflies of Mexico
Category:Butterflies of the United States
Category:Lepidoptera of Brazil
Category:Lepidoptera of Costa Rica
Category:Lepidoptera of Panama
Category:Insects of Guatemala
Category:Insects of Honduras
Category:Insects of Nicaragua


Forgetting All About You

"Forgetting All About You" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Phoebe Ryan, featuring guest vocals from American recording artist blackbear. It was released on August 4, 2017 as the lead single from her second extended play, James (2017). Both artists wrote the track along with Joseph Kirkland, Jason Dean, and Leroy Clampitt, the latter of which handled the single's production. The artwork for the single was created by Phoebe herself. Ryan performed the song at the Billboard Hot 100 Festival.

Composition
"Forgetting All About You" continues Ryan's transition from an indie pop musical direction to a more mainstream pop musical style. It has a length of three minutes and nineteen seconds. The single lyrically talks about getting over a breakup.

Music video
The music video for "Forgetting All About You" was released on August 18, 2017. It features a series of hand drawings and animations by Phoebe Ryan, while the lyrics are shown in handwritten text.

Track listing
Taken from ITunes.

Personnel
Taken from Tidal.
 Phoebe Ryan – lyrics, composition
 Blackbear – lyrics, composition
 Joseph Kirkland – lyrics, composition
 Big Taste – lyrics, composition, production
 Jason Dean – lyrics, composition

Release history

References

Category:2017 singles
Category:2017 songs
Category:Columbia Records singles
Category:Blackbear (musician) songs
Category:Songs written by Blackbear (musician)
Category:Songs written by Leroy Clampitt
Category:Songs written by Phoebe Ryan


Vladimir Sevryugin

Vladimir Sevryugin (15 June 1924 – 26 January 1998) was a sport shooter who competed for the Soviet Union. He won a bronze medal in 100 metre running deer at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

References

Category:1924 births
Category:1998 deaths
Category:Soviet male sport shooters
Category:Olympic shooters of the Soviet Union
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Category:Shooters at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Shooters at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic medalists in shooting
Category:Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics


Reid Concert Hall

The Reid Concert Hall is a small music venue in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the United Kingdom. It is located in the south-western corner of Bristo Square  about  south of the Royal Mile, and is part of the University of Edinburgh. Originally opened in 1859 as the Reid School of Music by the university's professor of music, John Donaldson (1789-1865), it was designed by the Scottish Architect David Cousin and is a Category A listed building. The hall is named after General John Reid, an army officer and musician who founded the Chair of Music (Reid Professor of Music) at the university.

Performances
The Reid Hall is hosts a number of classical chamber music concerts throughout the year, mostly performed by students and academics. In its history a number of works by Kenneth Leighton were premiered at the Reid Hall. After the composer's death, the hall hosted a memorial concert performed by Wakefield Cathedral Choir.

During the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the Reid Hall is used as a performance venue called "The Cowbarn" by Underbelly.

Architecture
The Reid School of Music is a tall, rectangular sandstone ashlar building, designed by David Cousin in an Italianate Neoclassical style. The exterior large sash windows are flanked by decorative shell-headed niches. The roof is surrounded with an ornate, dentilled cornice and heavy, bracketed eaves, below which is an inscription carved into the frieze, "". Steps lead up to the entrances, which are flanked by pairs of classical columns and topped with porticos.

The interior consists mostly of a spacious concert hall, which is noted for its highly decorated neoclassical coffered tunnel vaulted ceiling. Against the east wall of the concert hall is a reproduction classical organ, which was built by Jürgen Ahrend in 1978. The wooden casing was designed by James Haig Marshall of Ian G Lindsay and Partners. The concert hall was designed to offer "dry" acoustics with low reverberation. By contrast, the neighbouring McEwan Hall opened in 1897 is a grand, colossal space with high reverberation.

Music museum
When the Reid Hall was built, Professor John Donaldson (1789-1865) also added a museum gallery to display his private collection of  old and unusual musical instruments. The Reid Hall is considered to be the oldest purpose-built musical museum in Europe. Today, the North Room houses the John Donaldson Collection of Musical Instruments, which, along with the Russell Collection, forms part of the Musical Instruments collection of the University of Edinburgh.

See also
 List of music museums

See also
St Cecilia's Hall

References

External links

Category:Music venues in Edinburgh
Category:Former churches in Scotland
Category:Edinburgh Festival Fringe venues
Category:Neoclassical architecture in Scotland
Category:Buildings and structures of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Italianate architecture in the United Kingdom
Category:Museums in Edinburgh
Category:Music museums in the United Kingdom
Category:University museums in Scotland
Category:1859 establishments in Scotland
Category:Musical instrument museums in the United Kingdom
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1859


Victoria Memorial metro station

The Victoria Memorial Metro Station is located on the Red Line of the Hyderabad Metro. It is part of Corridor I of Hyderabad metro starting from Miyapur and was opened to public on 24 September 2018.

Etymology
This metro station is named after Victoria Memorial Home (Saroornagar-e-Mahal), constructed in 1901 by Nizam, Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI. It is located near Sri Khilla Maisamma Temple.

History
It was opened to public on 24 September 2018.

Facilities

References

Category:Hyderabad Metro stations


Ruperto Chapí

Ruperto Chapí y Lorente (27 March 1851 – 25 March 1909) was a Spanish composer, and co-founder of the Spanish Society of Authors and Publishers.

Chapí was born at Villena, the son of a Valencian barber. He trained in his home town and in Madrid. He wrote a large number of symphonic, band, choral and chamber works, as well as zarzuelas and operas, becoming, alongside Tomás Bretón, a fellow pupil of Emilio Arrieta at the Madrid Conservatory. He was one of the most popular and important composers of his time.  He wrote zarzuelas in all shapes and sizes, including the three-act zarzuela grande and the one-act género chico forms. His most celebrated work is La revoltosa, written in the latter style.  Many of the preludes to his zarzuelas (including those to El tambor de granaderos and La patria chica) have remained staple items in Spanish orchestral concerts.

He died in Madrid in 1909.

Concert works
 Sinfonía en Re (Symphony in D) (by 1879)
 Fantasía Morisca (1873/1879)
 Combate de Don Quijote contra las Ovejas - Scherzo (1869)
 4 string quartets () (in G major, F minor, D major and B minor)

Principal zarzuelas and operas
 Roger de Flor, opera in 3 acts (1878)
 Música clásica, zarzuela in 1 act (1880)
 La serenata, opera in 1 act (1881)
 La tempestad, zarzuela in 3 acts (1882)
 La bruja, zarzuela in 3 acts (1887)
 El milagro de la Virgen, zarzuela in 3 acts (1884)
 El rey que rabió, zarzuela in 3 acts (1891)
 Curro Vargas, zarzuela in 3 acts (1898)
 El tambor de granaderos, zarzuela in 1 act (1894)
 Las bravías, zarzuela in 1 act (1896)
 La revoltosa, zarzuela in 1 act (1897)
 La chavala, zarzuela in 1 act (1898)
 El barquillero, zarzuela in 1 act (1900)
 El puñao de rosas, zarzuela in 1 act (1902)
 La venta de Don Quijote, zarzuela in 1 act (1902)
 Circe, opera in 3 acts (1902)
 La patria chica, zarzuela in 1 act (1907)
 Margarita la tornera, opera in 3 acts (1909)

References

External links

Category:1851 births
Category:1909 deaths
Category:People from Alto Vinalopó
Category:Spanish classical composers
Category:Spanish male classical composers
Category:Madrid Royal Conservatory alumni
Category:Spanish opera composers
Category:Male opera composers
Category:Villena


Walter Biggs

Walter Joseph Biggs (June 4, 1886 – February 11, 1968) was an American illustrator and fine art painter.

Biography

Biggs was born in Elliston, Virginia, in 1886. He studied in New York City at the New York School of Art. He was a student of Robert Henri, and some of his fellow students included Edward Hopper and Rockwell Kent. He later taught at the Art Students League and the New York School of Art. He lived in the suburban community of New Rochelle which was a well known artist colony and home to many of the top commercial illustrators of the day such as Frank and J. C. Leyendecker and Norman Rockwell.
Also in residence were Al Parker, Mead Schaeffer and Dean Cornwell, who, along with Tom Lovell, N. C. Wyeth and Harold von Schmidt would become leaders in the field.

Biggs became known in the 1920s and 1930s for his illustrations for popular magazines such as the Ladies' Home Journal.

In 1944, Biggs was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1947. In 1963 he was inducted into the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame.

Walter Biggs died February 11, 1968. An historical marker was erected at the intersection of Roanoke Boulevard and College Street, in Salem, Virginia, across from Biggs’ family home.

References

Further reading
 Book:  Great American Illustrators by Walt Reed,

External links

 Walter Biggs artwork at American Art Archives web site

Category:American illustrators
Category:1886 births
Category:1968 deaths
Category:People from Montgomery County, Virginia
Category:Artists from New Rochelle, New York
Category:Students of Robert Henri
Category:People from Salem, Virginia


Boyd River

Boyd River may refer to:
Boyd River (New South Wales) a tributary of Nymboida River in Australia
Boyd River (Tasmania), a river of Australia
River Boyd, a river in South Gloucestershire, UK


The Ring Finger

The Ring Finger () is a French film released on 8 June 2005. It was written (based on a novel by Yōko Ogawa) and directed by Diane Bertrand.

Plot
Iris (Olga Kurylenko) is a young woman working in a bottle washing factory. She loses the tip of her ring finger in an accident at work and leaves her job. She moves to a nearby port city and comes across a job working for a strange laboratory at which people have "specimens" preserved.

Cast
Olga Kurylenko as Iris
Marc Barbé as The laboratory man
Stipe Erceg as The sailor
Édith Scob as The Lady of the 223
Hanns Zischler as The hotel owner
Sotigui Kouyaté as The Shoe shine
Anne Benoît as The score lady
Doria Achour as The mushrooms girl
Louis Dewynter as The kid
Anne Fassio as Madame Ryen
Olivier Claverie as Monsieur Ryen

References

External links

Category:French films
Category:2005 films
Category:German films
Category:British films
Category:Films directed by Diane Bertrand
Category:Films based on Japanese novels
Category:French drama films
Category:German drama films
Category:British drama films


Anglo-Métis

A 19th century community of the Métis people of Canada, the Anglo-Métis, more commonly known as Countryborn, were children of fur traders; they typically had Scots (Orcadian, mainland Scottish), or English fathers and Aboriginal mothers.  They were also known as "English halfbreeds." Some Anglo-Metis still identify by this name. Their first languages were generally those of their mothers: Cree, Saulteaux, Assiniboine, etc. and English. Some of their fathers spoke Gaelic or Scots, leading to the development of the creole language known as "Bungee". Some scholars have started spelling Métis as "Metis" to acknowledge the presence and contributions of the Anglo-Métis and the complex history of the Métis people overall.

__TOC__

History

The Anglo-Métis, like their francophone cousins, did not just live in the Prairies or the area adjacent to the Red River Colony. They also lived in fur trading and military settlements in Ontario along the Great Lakes and James Bay. There also some records of Anglo-Métis families descending from relationships between British soldiers and Indigenous women of various tribes. They tended to identify more with the politically and economically dominant British culture of Canada at this time. If they were descended from Scottish fur traders and Indigenous women, they were often baptized as part of the Presbyterian church if their fathers chose to acknowledge their existence. Case studies have been done on the birth and baptism registers at the St. Gabriel Street Presbyterian Church in Montreal because it provides a good example of how Métis children adjusted to staying temporarily or living in an urban environment that was considerably foreign compared to the remote, rural fur trading settlements or Indigenous camps where they were born. Thus, most Anglo-Métis were the result of relationships, officially recognized by the Church or not, between English and Scottish fur traders and Indigenous women. The ethnicity of their fathers also determined which of the competing fur trading companies they might end up working for as adults. If they were descended from English fur traders, they generally worked for the Hudson's Bay Company. If they were descended from Scottish fur traders, they generally worked for the North West Company, also known as "Nor'Westers." Additionally, the Anglo-Métis / Countryborn had a more sedentary lifestyle of farming than the francophone Métis community, whose men were generally hunters and trappers. The French-speaking Métis were somewhat more nomadic, due to their reliance upon hunting as a trade and food resource. The Anglo-Métis played a role in both the Red River Rebellion (or "Red River Uprising") of 1869 and the Northwest Rebellion (or "Northwest Uprising") of 1885, as they suffered from similar issues of racial discrimination and land problems as their francophone brethren.

By the 19th century the English-speaking and French-speaking Métis had become culturally quite similar, moving closer to each other in opposition to the British-Canadian majority. Their musical traditions, especially in the case of fiddle music, was derived  from both British Isles and French origins, as was the Métis traditional dance referred to as "jigging", or the "Red River Jig". In complexion they ranged from fair skinned, blond and blue eyed through dark skinned, with dark hair and dark eyes.  Métis elders say that no distinctions were made between individuals based upon complexion within the community. Family, culture, and strong identification with their Christian faith were the unifying bond amongst them.  The two communities' primary differences lay in their languages and Christian religious affiliations; the French speakers were generally Roman Catholic and those of British descent were Protestant. Most Countryborn were Anglican or Presbyterian.  They were involved in a mixed economy of subsistence farming and bison hunting throughout most of the 19th century; they also found employment with the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company.

The Countryborn were often known in the 19th century as "mixed-bloods", "Black Scots", "Native English" or "halfbreeds" (a term now considered pejorative). The French-speaking Metis referred to them simply as les métis anglais or les autres métis. Anglo-Metis gradually came to see themselves as little different from the French-speaking Métis.

Today, the two groups are no longer politically distinct, and are commonly known on the Canadian Prairies simply as Métis.

Prominent Anglo-Métis / Countryborn include James Isbister, Thomas McKay and John Norquay, the Premier of Manitoba from 1878 to 1887.

See also

Anglo
Bungee language
Halcro, Saskatchewan
Hudson's Bay Company
Michif
Métis Flag
Métis people (Canada)
Métis people (United States)
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Red River Colony

References

 Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion, and Audreen Hourie. Metis legacy Michif culture, heritage, and folkways, Metis Legacy series, v. 2, Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2006.
Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Prefontaine. Metis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography, Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001.
 "Metis: The Western Metis". The Canadian Encyclopedia
 Peoples and Treaties of the province of Alberta
 From Rupert's Land to Canada
 Scotland's Lost Braves
 Oral histories of Manitoba and Saskatchewan Metis/Michif Elders.

Category:Canadian culture
Category:Métis in Canada


Hanna's town resolves

The Hanna's Town Resolves were one of the most direct challenges to British authority in their North American colonies preceding the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolutionary War. Before most other colonial communities took a stand, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania residents proclaimed their willingness to take drastic measures to maintain and defend their rights against British oppression.

On May 16, 1775, settlers in the far west of Pennsylvania, along with Arthur St. Clair (The Penn government’s local representative) gathered at the tavern, which was also serving as the courthouse, in Hanna's Town (or Hannastown near present-day Greensburg, Pennsylvania) and affixed their names to the Hanna's Town Resolves agreeing to bind themselves together and to take up arms if necessary to resist further "tyrannical" acts of Parliament. More than a year later, the Declaration of Independence would be signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  This was the first such declaration in any of the British colonies, occurring a few weeks before the Mecklenburg Resolves in North Carolina.

This seemingly drastic action was due largely to the composition of the local population of this then frontier wilderness region.  "In the main they were the landless, the disinherited and the disenfranchised. They were bold, aggressive, hardy, courageous and self-reliant.  They often had little respect for authority or title. Having experienced arbitrary and capricious government in England, they were zealous defenders of personal liberty and self-government".

Hanna's Town, founded in 1773 and named for its founder Robert Hanna, who signed the Hanna's Town Resolves, acted as the first seat of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania and the first English court west of the Alleghany Mountains.  Seven years after the signing of the Resolves, British troops and their Native American allies burned Hanna's Town to the ground in one of the last actions of the American Revolutionary War.  The town was never to recover.  Its site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Site of Old Hannastown in 1972.

For a complete electronic text of the Hanna's Town Resolves.

References

Category:Pennsylvania in the American Revolution
Category:Documents of the American Revolution
Category:History of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Category:1775 in Pennsylvania


Radzimów

Radzimów  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulików, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.

It lies approximately  south-east of Sulików,  south-east of Zgorzelec, and  west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The village has a population of 784.

Notable residents
 Moritz von Bissing (1844–1917), Prussian General

References

Category:Villages in Zgorzelec County


Terenzio Terenzi

Terenzio Terenzi (1575–1621) was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance or Mannerist period. Born near Pesaro, he is also known as Terenzio da Urbino or il Rondolino. He was a pupil of the painter Federigo Barocci. There is an altarpiece by Terenzi in the Cathedral of Sant'Andrea, a Baptism of Constantine in the quadreria di San Costanzo, and an Assumption of the Virgin (1621) in the church of the Cappuccini in Rome. According to Baglione, Terenzi visited Rome, where he was favored with the protection of Cardinal Montalto, nephew of Pope Sixtus V. Having practiced a deceptions on his benefactor by imposing on him a picture he himself painted for a work of Raphael, he was disgraced. There is a picture of his own composition in the church of San Silvestro, in Rome, representing the Virgin and Infant Christ, with several Saints.

References

Secondary sources

Citations

Category:1575 births
Category:1621 deaths
Category:16th-century Italian painters
Category:Italian male painters
Category:17th-century Italian painters
Category:People from Urbino
Category:Umbrian painters
Category:Italian Renaissance painters


Astragalus plattensis

Astragalus plattensis, the Platte River milkvetch, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, native to North America. It was named in 1838. Its range includes the Great Plains of the United States, from southern Montana and North Dakota south to central Texas.

Astragalus plattensis is also sometimes called ground plum, a name it shares with some other species in the genus Astragalus, particularly Astragalus crassicarpus. The two species are sometimes confused, though in general, the fruiting pods of A. crassicarpus are glabrous (hairless) while those of A. plattensis are hairy.

References

crassicarpus
Category:Flora of the United States
Category:Plants described in 1838


Memories of Prague

Memories of Prague is a public artwork by American artist David Louis Rodgers, the Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields (IMA), which is near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana.

Description
This artwork is composed of two limestone elements, each being hand-carved by the artist.  The upper element is a three-sided openwork triangular that sits on the second element, a cylindrical pedestal.  The top form looks twisted as it loops over the open space like a handle.  The bottom part of the “handle” which contacts the pedestal is flattened out into an oval.

The artwork is carved out of a very porous and stratified Indiana limestone.  The colors range from mute grays to browns.

Historical information
In 1981 Rodgers was chosen to create Memories of Prague as a memorial to Louisa K. Valentine.  Valentine was born in Prague but moved to escape the war in 1945.  She met her husband, Joseph Valentine, while he was stationed overseas, and when the war was over they moved to the Indiana.  Mrs. Valentine loved the Indianapolis Museum of art, volunteering regularly.  In 1978 she died, and in her honor her family commissioned an artwork that was to be displayed in the IMA's collection.  The specifications were for the artist to be a Hoosier, it was to be made from Indiana limestone, and the title must have to do with Prague.

When Rodgers was selected to make the artwork, he was faculty member of the Interior Design Program at IU of Pennsylvania in Indiana, Penn.  He communicated directly with Robert Yassin during the planning stages of the commission.  In 1981 Rodgers was hoping to make a sundial, but the design had to be scrapped because the funds provided were not enough to cover the complexities involved in the construction of such an object.  A few years later his dream of making a sundial became possible with a large commission by Crown Hill Cemetery as the Equatorial Sundial.  For the Valentine commission, Rodgers ended up carving a Mobius strip-styled arch which recalled the arched doorways and bridges common in Prague.

According to Rodgers, “the Valentine Memorial emerged as an expression of continuity and fulfillment as those of involved in it attempted to grasp the understanding that death completes life and that we as survivors retain within us something of the essence of the people with whom we spend our lives.  The creation of a memorial provides the occasion for people to join together, if they choose to, to begin a search for an expression that will in the end be a celebration of many distilled remembrances, which are the essence of intimate contact.”

Location history
The artwork has been on constant view at the top of the landing of the outdoor amphitheater since 1985.

Acquisition
Memories of Prague was received at the IMA in May 1985.  It was accessioned the same year, and in November the artwork was given a dedication ceremony, also in honor of Mrs. Valentine.

Artist
Rodgers is an Indiana native who went to IU to become an astronomer.  Partway through earning his degree, he switched to art (painting) and it wasn't until he was in graduate school that he set his mind on becoming a sculptor.  In 1968 Rodgers earned his MFA, and he then moved to New Mexico to teach art.  In 1971 he returned to Indiana, teaching stone-carving workshops including a class at Bedford-North Lawrence High School.  Throughout his career, he designed, created, installed, and otherwise assisted in the making of site specific artworks.

He has taught at many universities in the United States, and was faculty at Valdosta State University until 2008.

See also
 List of Indianapolis Museum of Art artworks
 Save Outdoor Sculpture!

References

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Indianapolis
Category:Sculptures of the Indianapolis Museum of Art
Category:1985 sculptures
Category:Limestone sculptures in Indiana
Category:1995 establishments in Indiana


Shwebo

Shwebo ( ) is a city in Sagaing Region, Burma, 110 km north-west of Mandalay between the Irrawaddy and the Mu rivers. The city was the origin of the Konbaung Dynasty, established by King Alaungpaya in 1752, that was the dominant political force in Burma after the mid-18th century. It served as Alaungpaya's capital from 1752 to 1760.

History

Up to 1752, Shwebo was a village, called Moksobo ( ; lit. "Hunter Chief") of about 300 houses. It lies near the site of the ancient Pyu city-state of Hanlin. On 29 February 1752, the chief of the village Aung Zeya founded the Konbaung Dynasty to resist the upcoming invasion of Lower Burma-based Hanthawaddy forces. Aung Zeya, who also assumed the royal title of Alaungpaya, gained the allegiance of 46 surrounding villages, and organized defenses building a stockade and digging a moat around Moksobo. He renamed his village, Shwebo (lit. Golden Chief). Over the next eight years, Alaungpaya led the reunification of Burma with Shwebo as his capital.

Shwebo lost its status as capital after Alaungpaya's death in 1760. The successor Naungdawgyi moved the capital to Sagaing closer to the Irrawaddy river.
Nonetheless, Shwebo  continued to be an important region throughout the Konbaung era (1752–1885), providing a disproportionate share of soldiers that served in Konbaung's armies. The region was usually held as an appanage by the most senior princes, usually the crown prince.
It was to Shwebo that Prince of Mindon went in 1853 to raise the standard of rebellion in his successful bid to overthrow his half brother Pagan.

Names of Shwebo

Shwebo is famous for its five names. Five titles had been conferred to the city namely:
 Moksobo (), its original name
 Yadana-Theinhka ()
 Konbaung ()
 Yangyi-Aung (), and
 Shwebo (), its modern name.
Most of the people knows above names but the name "အယုစြ်ဇပူရ" and "မြေဘုံသာ" ("Ayuhcyajpuur" and "Myaybhonesar") are rarely known.

Geography

Climate
Shwebo received  of rainfall on 19 October 2011. It was the record breaking rainfall within 24 hours of October for past 48 years. The previous record was  of 24 October 1993.

Transport

Shwebo is served by Myanmar Railways's Mandalay-Myitkyina railway line. The city is best reached by pickup truck or bus as the roads from Mandalay and Monywa are in reasonably good shape.
There are highway express buses from Yangon to Shwebo.
Shwebo also lies on Mandalay-Myitkyina Union Express Road.

Economy
As with Monywa, the city is a trade center for agricultural produce, especially beans, rice and sesame from the surrounding plains between the Mu River and the Ayeyarwady River.

The major tourist attractions in Shwebo, although few tourists make the journey and facilities are very limited, are its numerous Buddhist temples, and the reconstruction of Alaungpaya's palace. The city is still surrounded by its ancient moat. There are many pagodas, such as Shwetaza Buddha Image and Myodaung Pagoda.

Moreover, tourists can visit Hanlin, the ground of ancient Pyu City. Hanlin is one hour drive from Shwebo. It is one of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites.

In the very hot summer, people who live in Shwebo believe that rain comes when people bring the Shwetaza Buddha Image around the town.

Education
There are five Basic Education High Schools in Shwebo.
The town is home to the Shwebo University and Shwebo Government Technological College.
Government Technological College (Shwebo) was established on 20 January 2007. It is situated in the north-east of Shwebo, about , and in the east of Shwebo-Myitkyina Mahabyuha Road, about

Famous places

At the time of building the Shwebo City, the King Alaungpaya built seven places;
The Shwechattho Pagoda built in the place where the King Alaungpaya was born
The city
The Mahananda Lake ()
The auspicious ground
The central drum (Bahosidaw)
The place for nine city guardian spirits
Shwebo Palace (Shwebonyadana Mingala Nandaw)
Myodaung Pagoda ()
Tomb of Alaungphaya
Shwetaza Buddha Image
The auspicious  ground (Maha Aung Myay)

See also
2012 Shwebo earthquake
Basic Education High School No. 3 Shwebo
Shwebo University

References

External links
'Famous pagoda festival in Shwebo
 "Shwebo, Burma", Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.
 "Shwebo Map — Satellite Images of Shwebo", Maplandia
  Myanmar:  the Missing Link from Western China to India’s N.E. States Transit routes from western China through northern Myanmar.  Oilseedcrops.org; Editor Article.
 A community website about Shwebo

Category:Township capitals of Myanmar
Category:Populated places in Sagaing Region
Category:Shwebo District


Terry Burns

Terry Burns may refer to:

Terence Burns, Baron Burns (born 1944), British economist
Terry W. Burns (born 1942), American author

See also
Teri Byrne, fitness competitor


Parnelli VPJ4

The Parnelli VPJ4 was a Formula One racing car designed by Maurice Philippe, and used by Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing during the 1974, 1975 and 1976 Formula One seasons.

Development
Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing was formed in 1969 by former USAC racer Parnelli Jones and his business partner Velko "Vel" Miletich. Parnelli was initially solely concerned with USAC racing, Parnelli secured the services of ex Team Lotus designer Maurice Philippe and driver Mario Andretti for USAC racing in the early 1970s and in 1974 decided to move into Formula One racing, with financial support from tire manufacturer Firestone. However, Firestone's decision to quit racing at the end of 1974 meant that a major partner was lost. The Parnelli VPJ4 car owed much to Philippe's Lotus 72 design.

Racing history

1974
The VPJ4 made its debut at the 1974 Canadian Grand Prix with Andretti and finished seventh. At the United States, the American's car developed an ignition fault on the parade lap, and the start was delayed 25 minutes while the crew attempted to solve the problem. Finally, Andretti took his place on the grid, but when starter Tex Hopkins dropped the green flag, the Parnelli car did not move and the field had to scramble to avoid the American. The Parnelli mechanics eventually got the car push started two laps late, but Andretti was black-flagged for receiving outside assistance.

The Parnelli team scored no World Championship points during the year.

1975
The first race of 1975 was the 1975 Argentine Grand Prix when Andretti retired with transmission failure. Before Brazil Parnelli changed their tyre supplier to Goodyear after Firestone's decision to quit racing but the American finished seventh. Andretti finished 17th at the South African Grand Prix but stopped the car with eight laps to go with transmission failure. At Spain Vittorio Brambilla (March) tangled with the American; Andretti's car hit the back of Niki Lauda (Ferrari), sending him into Lauda's teammate Clay Regazzoni. Lauda was out immediately, while Regazzoni took his car to the garage and was sent back out. After the first corner confusion resolved, James Hunt (Hesketh) was shown as the leader. Andretti had managed to keep going, and was running in second. He took the lead when Hunt crashed but the American retired with broken suspension. The Monaco Grand Prix saw Andretti retire when he entered the pits with his car on fire, caused by an oil Leak. The team skipped Belgium because Andretti and the Parnelli team were racing at the Indianapolis 500. The American finished fourth at Sweden. The team skipped the Dutch Grand Prix because Andretti and the Parnelli team were racing in the United States again. The American finished fifth at France. Andretti finished 12th at the British Grand Prix. The American finished tenth at Germany. Andretti retired from the final three races, spinning off at Austria, Crashing at Italy and with broken suspension at the United States.

The Parnelli team scored five World Championship points, earning them tenth place in the Constructors' Championship.

1976
The Parnelli team skipped the Brazilian Grand Prix but entered the 1976 South African Grand Prix with the VPJ4B and Andretti finished sixth. Before the United States Grand Prix West Andretti only learned of the Parnelli team leaving Formula One from journalist Chris Economaki, as he sat in the car on the grid but the American retired from the race with a water leak. This led to some bad feeling between Andretti and Jones, Andretti returned to Lotus for the remainder of the 1976 season.

The Parnelli team had scored one World Championship point, earning them thirteenth place in the Constructors' Championship.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)(results in bold indicate pole position, results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Non-Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
(Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

Category:1974 Formula One season cars
Category:1975 Formula One season cars
Category:1976 Formula One season cars
Category:Parnelli Formula One cars


Mazocraeidae

Mazocraeidae is a flatworms family in the order Mazocraeidea.

Genera
according to PESI
 Grubea Diesing, 1858
 Kuhnia Sproston, 1945
 Mazocraeoides Price, 1936
 Mazocraes Hermann, 1782
 Ophicotyle Beneden & Hesse, 1863
 Pseudanthocotyloides Price, 1959
 Pseudoanthocotyle Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1954
 Pseudokuhnia Rohde & Watson, 1985

According to the World Register of Marine Species
 Clupeocotyle Hargis, 1955
 Cribromazocraes Mamaev, 1981
 Grubea Diesing, 1858
 Heteromazocraes Mamaev, 1981
 Kuhnia Sproston, 1945
 Leptomazocraes Mamaev, 1975
 Mazocraeoides Price, 1936
 Mazocraes Hermann, 1782
 Neogrubea
 Neomazocraes Price, 1934
 Ophicotyle Beneden & Hesse, 1863
 Paramazocraes Tripathi, 1959
 Pseudanthocotyle Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1954
 Pseudanthocotyloides Price, 1959
 Pseudokuhnia Rohde & Watson, 1985
 Pseudomazocraes Price, 1961
 Reimericotyle Mamaev, 1984
 Taurimazocraes Mamaev, 1982
 Pseudoanthocotyloides Price, 1959 accepted as Pseudanthocotyloides Price, 1959

References

External links

Category:Polyopisthocotylea
Category:Platyhelminthes families


Esaki

is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
 Kazuhito Esaki (born 1986), Japanese football player
 Leo Esaki (born 1925), Japanese physicist
 Takashi Esaki (born 1956), Japanese politician
 Teiso Esaki (1899–1957), Japanese entomologist
 Tetsuma Esaki (born 1943), Japanese politician
 Youichiro Esaki (born 1958), Japanese politician

See also
 Esaki (restaurant), founded by sushi chef Shintaro Esaki

Category:Japanese-language surnames


E. J. Whitten Legends Game

The E. J. Whitten Legends Game is an annual charity Australian rules football All-star game, where retired star players are reunited, along with selected non-footballing celebrities, in a State of Origin interstate game, between Victoria and the All Stars (representing the rest of Australia).

History
E. J. "Ted" Whitten, a former Footscray Football Club player who died of prostate cancer in 1995, was regarded as one of the greatest ever players of the game. He was also passionate about State of Origin football. With his enthusiasm and ability to keep in the media spotlight, Ted had kept State of Origin going for many years, and his emotional farewell at the Victoria vs South Australia game at the MCG in 1995 will long be remembered as a symbol of State of Origin passion.  Shortly after his death, the concept was brought into question and the last such game was played in 1999.

When he died, his son, Ted Jnr, launched a foundation for research into prostate cancer, and the Legends Game raises money for the foundation. So far, more than $750,000 has been raised for the E. J. Whitten Foundation.

The first ever Legends Match was played at the Western Oval, home of the Footscray/Western Bulldogs, EJ Whitten's club.  Most of the games have been televised free-to-air in Victoria and South Australia.  Due to popularity of the event, later games were moved to bigger venues. And since 2003 the game has been held at Etihad Stadium (formerly known as Telstra Dome).

In February 2016 it was announced that the Seven Network had secured the rights to televise this match for the next five years; in addition, the match was moved to the football-free weekend between the final round of the premiership season and the first week of the finals series.

In 2018, the match was played at Adelaide Oval. This was the first game played in Adelaide since 1999.

In 2019, the match will be contested under the AFLX format and played at AAMI Park in Melbourne.

Matches

Match results

Timeline of results

Wins: All Stars: 11, Victoria: 12, Draws: 1 (4 drawn at the final siren, of which 3 were decided by kick-offs)

Biggest Win: All Stars by 24 points in 2015.

Highest Score: All stars and Victoria (275), both in 2019.

Lowest Score: All Stars and Victoria (38), both in the drawn 2000 match.

Most Man of the Matches: John Platten 2 (All Stars), Matthew Lloyd 2 (Victoria)

2005
2005's game was notable for a sensational goal scored by former Essendon and Sydney star Derek Kickett.

Adding comedy to the event were comedians Peter Rowsthorn and Russell Gilbert, who made regular appearances in games despite their obvious lack of skill.

2006
The 2006 event was held on 14 June at the Telstra Dome. Among the celebrity guests was Tasmanian Todd Russell, one of the miners rescued in the Beaconsfield mine collapse. He did not play in the match though, because he still had injuries from the accident.

The Victorian side was coached by Danny Frawley, whilst the All-Stars were coached by Wayne Carey and guest Todd Russell.

Speckies were taken by Victoria's Dermott Brereton and All-Star Adrian Fletcher.

Dermott Brereton dished out rough play on former Hawthorn teammate John Platten, including an illegal elbow to Platten's head whilst the rover attempted to tackle and an illegal bump behind play.

A male streaker was arrested by security guards in the third quarter.

Guest appearances included comedians Peter Rowsthorn and Russell Gilbert and legendary Mornington Peninsula Nepean Football League full-forward Simon Goosey.

The shootout at the end only featured 4 kickers per side, unlike the 5 stated by commentators.

2008

2008's game was held on 1 July 2008 at the Telstra Dome. Celebrity players included radio comedy duo Hamish & Andy, with Hamish playing for the All Stars and Andy playing for Victoria. Andy managed to score 2 goals, while Hamish scored a spectacular goal, shaving the ball off the outside of his boot to trickle in for a goal.  Bryan Strauchan made his second appearance for Victoria and kicked 3 goals. Underbelly star Rodger Corser made his debut for Victoria.
Chris Connolly coached the Victorian team and Neale Daniher coached of the All Stars.

Darryl White, the former Brisbane defender, won the best on ground award.

2009

2010
Man of the match was Sam Newman, who kicked four goals despite playing only for a quarter of the playing time. Bryan Strauchan, Damian Monkhorst, Tony Modra and jockey Craig Newitt also scored well. During the last quarter it was picked up on television Nathan Brown (a runner for the Victorian team) exchanging words to Nathan Thompson and stated that it was a "A legends game, mate. You shouldn't be playing;" however, nothing became of the exchange.

2011
The game ended in controversy after Ryan "Fitzy" Fitzgerald kicked a goal on the siren. However, Garry Lyon, the judge of the final score, deemed that the goal had been kicked after the siren had blown, and therefore was discounted. This decision was made in direct contradiction to the laws of the AFL, which state that the match is over when any of the field umpires hear the siren. There was also much controversy about an All Stars mark directly in the goal-square that was not awarded by the umpire. After original thoughts that the All Stars had won, there was then a claim that there would be a shoot-out before finally it was announced that Victoria had won the match. The All-stars' Brodie Holland, formerly of Fremantle and Collingwood, had won Man of the Match.
In the final minutes of the match, Victorian runner Shane Crawford was "substituted" on to the ground, and coach Sam Newman put 24 players on the ground, instead of the legal 18. It is speculated that the All Stars had as many as 22 players on the ground, although there was no coverage of their interchange bench, so this was not confirmed.

2015

2017
The 2017 E.J. Whitten Legends game would be a record-breaking game with a controversial finish; due to new quarter-time formats, scores were higher than past games, with the 156–155 result being the highest score by a single team, as well as the biggest match aggregate. With Victoria trailing by 5 points with seconds left, Adam Yze attempted a running banana kick, with his kick going across the face of the goal and being marked by Jonathan Brown as the siren sounded; however, Brown's mark clearly came after the siren but was nonetheless paid by the umpire. Brown would kick a drop punt from the pocket to win the game for Victoria 156–155. Brown was also awarded Man of the Match for his 7-goal performance, one of which being a super goal.

The game was also noted as not featuring any celebrities, just former players.

2018

2019
In 2019 the series returned to Melbourne, and saw a significant change to the game's format. Departing from the traditional Australian rules football format, the game was played at AAMI Park — a stadium with a rectangular surface — in a variation of the AFLX format used for the AFL pre-season competition of the same name. Dubbed 'EJX', the format saw a reduction in the length of quarters to 15 minutes, with super goals increased from 9 to 10-points. Power players were substituted on for the final 5 minutes of each quarter, where each of their score efforts were worth double.

As with the previous two matches, both teams largely featured former AFL footballers. However, both teams substituted two celebrities as their 'power players' — Steve Price and Jason Richardson for Victoria, and Byron Cooke and Anthony Lehmann for the All Stars. Cooke, a radio personality from 101.9 The Fox's Fifi, Fev & Byron breakfast show, was notable for a number of errors, including missing a goal from a distance of only one metre.

The match was the highest scoring in the history of the competition, eclipsing the record set in 2017. With scores locked at 275-all at the end of regular time, the match was decided with a goal kick shootout. Victoria defeated the All Stars 3 goals to 2 in the shoot out, with Matthew Richardson missing the final crucial kick that would have equalised the contest.

The game was met with mixed reviews. The Roar declared it a "total circus", "bordering on embarrassment", and accusing the AFL of "no longer [taking] the game seriously", while the Herald Sun cited social media reaction from viewers, asking "do we all need to lighten up a bit?". Attendance was down significantly on 2017's figures, with a reported crowd figure of only 6,000. Television ratings, however, increased marginally on 2018 figures for the Seven Network, with an average of 403,000 viewers watching in the 5 capital cities. Additionally, an average of 82,000 viewers nationally watched the game on Fox Footy, down from 98,000 in 2018.

Teams

References

External links

Category:Cancer fundraisers
Category:All-star games
Category:Australian rules football games
Category:Annual sporting events in Australia
Category:Australian rules football competitions in Australia
Category:Seven Sport


FK Igman Konjic

Fudbalski Klub Igman Konjic (), commonly referred to as FK Igman Konjic or simply Igman Konjic, is a professional association football club from the town of Konjic that is situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Igman currently plays in the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and plays its home matches on the Stadion Igmana in Konjic, which has a capacity of 5,000 seats.

Honours

Domestic

League
Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Winners (5): 2005–06 , 2008–09 , 2012–13 , 2015–16 , 2016–17

Notable former coaches
 Adis Obad
 Nihad Nalbantić

References

External links
FK Igman Konjic at Facebook

Category:Association football clubs established in 1920
Category:Football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
FK Igman Konjic


Hiram Muñoz

Hiram Eduardo Muñoz Cantú (born May 26, 1995 in Torreón, Coahuila) is a Mexican professional footballer who currently plays for Dorados de Sinaloa on loan from Tijuana.

Career

Youth
Muñoz first started his career in 2010 with Club Calor. He then briefly moved to Monterrey Youth Academy in 2012 until finally settling in Club Tijuana's youth academy in 2014. After he continued through Club Tijuana Youth Academy successfully going through U-20 and Club Tijuana Premier. He eventually broke thorough to the first team, Miguel Herrera being the coach promoting Muñoz to first team.

Club Tijuana
On April 1, 2017 Muñoz made his professional debut in the Liga MX against Club Atlas which ended in a 3-3 Draw.

References

External links

Hiram Muñoz at XOLO Profile

Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Coahuila
Category:Mexican footballers
Category:Liga MX players
Category:Club Tijuana footballers
Category:Dorados de Sinaloa footballers
Category:Association football defenders


Pamisos (river)

The Pamisos (, ) is the largest river of the Messenia regional unit of the southern Peloponnese in Greece. It is  long, and its drainage area is . Its source is on the western slopes of the Taygetus mountains, near the village Agios Floros. It runs through the municipal units of Arfara, Ithomi, Androusa, Aris, Messini, Thouria and Kalamata. It flows into the Messenian Gulf east of Messini and west of Kalamata.

References

See also
List of rivers in Greece

Category:Landforms of Messenia
Category:Rivers of Greece
Category:Rivers of Peloponnese (region)
Category:Drainage basins of the Ionian Sea


Music from the North Country – The Jayhawks Anthology

Music From The North Country – The Jayhawks Anthology is a compilation album by The Jayhawks, released in 2009.

An expanded version was also released with a DVD of videos and a disc of demos, b-sides, and out-takes.

Reception

Writing for Allmusic, music critic Mark Deming wrote "If you've never had the pleasure of listening to the Jayhawks, this collection is a marvelous place to start, and fans will be reminded of just how much good music this group made, and how well it has stood the test of time." Stephen M. Deusner of Pitchfork Media was less enthusiastic about the release, writing that the compilation "traces their story from their beginnings as a struggling local act to their final chapter as a struggling national act." and "After 'The Man Who Loved Life', Music From the North Country falters and never recovers." PopMatters wrote of the album, "Whether as a single or deluxe edition, it’s clear from the contents of each that the Jayhawks are a more than worthy band for anthologizing."

Track listing

Disc one
 "Two Angels" (Mark Olson) – 4:07
 "Ain't No End" (Olson, Gary Louris, Marc Perlman) – 3:45
 "Waiting For the Sun" (Olson, Louris) – 4:20
 "Martin's Song" (Olson) – 2:58
 "Clouds" (Olson, Louris) – 4:51
 "Settled Down Like Rain" (Olson, Louris) – 3:01
 "Blue" (Olson, Louris) – 3:11
 "I'd Run Away" (Olson, Louris) – 3:33
 "Over My Shoulder" (Olson, Louris) – 3:29
 "Miss Williams' Guitar" (Olson, Louris) – 3:08
 "Trouble" (Louris, Perlman) – 4:50
 "Big Star" (Louris) – 4:27
 "The Man Who Loved Life" (Louris) – 5:01
 "Smile" (Louris) – 3:50
 "I'm Gonna Make You Love Me" (Louris, Taylor Rhodes) – 3:42
 "What Led Me to This Town" (Karen Grotberg, Perlman, Louris, Tim O'Reagan) – 4:10
 "Tailspin" (Louris) – 3:20
 "All the Right Reasons" (Louris) – 3:26
 "Save It for a Rainy Day" (Louris) – 3:10
 "Angelyne" (Louris) – 3:47

Disc two
 "Falling Star" [From The Jayhawks (aka The Bunkhouse Album) (1986)]
 "Old Woman from Red Clay" [1988 Alternate version, Previously unreleased]
 "That's the Bag I'm In" [Kfai Radio Session- Minneapolis October 1989]
 "Won't be Coming Home" [1991 Demo, Previously unreleased]
 "Stone Cold Mess" [Previously unreleased outtake from Hollywood Town Hall session]
 "Mission On 2nd" [1994 Demo, Previously unreleased]
 "Lights" [From Sweet Relief: A Benefit For Victoria Williams (1993)]
 "Darling Today" [Blown Away Soundtrack (1994)/B-Side "Blue" CD Single (1995)]
 "Break My Mind" [B-Side "Bad Time" CD Single (1995)]
 "Get the Load Out" [B-Side "Bad Time" European CD Single (1995)]
 "Poor Little Fish" (Early version) [Previously Unreleased]
 "Someone Will" [Demo/First released on The Jayhawks: Live From The Women's Club]
 "Cure for This" [Recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, June 1999, Previously unreleased]
 "I Can Make It On My Own" [Demo recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, 1999, Previously unreleased]
 "Rotterdam" [Demo recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, 1999, Previously unreleased]
 "Follow Me" [Demo recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, 2001, Previously unreleased]
 "In the Canyon" [Recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, 2001, Previously unreleased]
 "Tailspin" (Early Version) [Demo recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, 2001, Previously unreleased]
 "I Think I've had Enough" [Demo recorded at Louris home 2001, Previously unreleased]
 "Help Me Forget" [Demo recorded at Jayhawks Rehearsal Space, 2001, Previously unreleased]

DVD
 "Waiting for the Sun"
 "Take Me With You"
 "Settled Down Like Rain"
 "Settled Down Like Rain" (Live)
 "Take Me With You" (Live)
 "Blue"
 "I'd Run Away"
 "Big Star"
 "Sound of Lies"
 "Save It for Rainy Day"

Bonus tracks

Best Buy bonus disc
 "Nine Stitches" [live 1990]
 "Everybody Gets By" [radio session 1993]
 "Boston Maid" [Rainy Day Music demo]
 "Faded Memory" [Smile demo]
 "Desperate Serenade" [Woman's Club version]

amazon.com bonus tracks
 "Born A Billionaire" [1999 Demo, Previously unreleased]
 "Plastic Eyeball" [1998 Demo, Previously unreleased]
 "I Remain Respectfully" [1998 Demo, Previously unreleased]
 "Save Me From Myself" [2001 "Rainy Day Music" outtake B-side]
 "Second Nature" [1999 Demo, Previously unreleased]

References

External links
Jayhawks fan site discography.

Category:The Jayhawks albums
Category:2009 compilation albums
Category:American Recordings (record label) compilation albums
Category:Legacy Recordings compilation albums


Okayama Castle

is a Japanese castle in the city of Okayama in Okayama Prefecture in Japan.  The main tower was completed in 1597, destroyed in 1945 and replicated in concrete in 1966.  Two of the watch towers survived the bombing of 1945 and are now listed by the national Agency for Cultural Affairs as Important Cultural Properties.

In stark contrast to the white "Egret Castle" of neighboring Himeji, Okayama Castle has a black exterior, earning it the nickname  or "castle of the black bird". (The black castle of Matsumoto in Nagano is also known as "Crow Castle", but it is karasu-jō in Japanese.)

Today, only a few parts of Okayama Castle's roof (including the fish-shaped-gargoyles) are gilded, but prior to the Battle of Sekigahara the main keep also featured gilded roof tiles, earning it the nickname .

History
Construction of Okayama Castle was started in 1573 by Ukita Naoie and completed by his son Hideie in 1597.  Three years later, Hideie sided with the ill-fated Toyotomi Clan at the Battle of Sekigahara, was captured by the Tokugawa Clan and exiled to the island prison of Hachijo.  The castle and surrounding fiefdoms were given to Kobayakawa Hideaki as spoils of war. Kobayakawa died just two years later without leaving an heir, and the castle (and fiefdom) was given to the Ikeda Clan, who later added Kōraku-en as a private garden.

In 1869 the castle became the property of the Meiji government's Hyōbu-shō (Ministry of War), who saw the 'samurai' era castles as archaic and unnecessary.   Like many other castles throughout Japan, the outer moats were filled in and the old castle walls gradually disappeared underneath the city.  On June 29, 1945, allied bombers burnt the castle to the ground.  Reconstruction work began in 1964 and was completed in 1966.  In 1996 the rooftop gargoyles were gilded as part of the 400th anniversary celebrations.

The reconstructed castle is a concrete building complete with air-conditioning, elevators and numerous displays documenting the castle's history (with a heavy focus on the Ikeda era.)  Little information is available in English.  Access to the inner sanctuary is free.

Gallery

See also
Okayama Kōraku Gardens

References

Further reading

External links

 Okayama Castle official homepage (in Japanese)
 Okayama City official homepage

Category:Castles in Okayama Prefecture
Category:Okayama
Category:Museums in Okayama Prefecture
Category:History museums in Japan
Category:Houses completed in 1597
Category:Historic Sites of Japan
Category:Important Cultural Properties of Japan
Category:Buildings and structures in Japan destroyed during World War II
Category:Ikeda clan
Category:Kobayakawa clan
Category:Ukita clan


Isamu Ueda

is a Japanese politician of the New Komeito Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Yokohama, Kanagawa and graduate of the University of Tokyo, he worked at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 1981 to 1993. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1993.

References

External links
 Official website in Japanese.

Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Yokohama
Category:University of Tokyo alumni
Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
Category:New Komeito politicians
Category:21st-century Japanese politicians


Neanderthal genetics

Genetic studies on Neanderthal ancient DNA became possible in the late 1990s.
The Neanderthal genome project, established in 2006, presented the first fully sequenced Neanderthal genome in 2013.

Since 2005, evidence for substantial admixture of Neanderthals DNA in modern populations has accumulated.

The divergence time between the Neanderthal and modern human lineages is estimated at between 750,000 and 400,000 years ago.
The more recent time depth has been suggested by Endicott et al. (2010)
and Rieux et al. (2014)
A significantly deeper time of separation, combined with repeated early admixture events, was calculated by Rogers et al. (2017).

Genome sequencing

In July 2006, the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and 454 Life Sciences announced that they would sequence the Neanderthal genome over the next two years. It was hoped the comparison would expand understanding of Neanderthals, as well as the evolution of humans and human brains.

In 2008 Richard E. Green et al. from Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, published the full sequence of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and suggested "Neanderthals had a long-term effective population size smaller than that of modern humans."
In the same publication, it was disclosed by Svante Pääbo that in the previous work at the Max Planck Institute, "Contamination was indeed an issue," and they eventually realised that 11% of their sample was modern human DNA. Since then, more of the preparation work has been done in clean areas and 4-base pair 'tags' have been added to the DNA as soon as it is extracted so the Neanderthal DNA can be identified.

The project first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal in 2013 by extracting it from the phalanx bone of a 50,000-year-old Siberian Neanderthal.

Among the genes shown to differ between present-day humans and Neanderthals were RPTN, SPAG17, CAN15, TTF1, and PCD16.

A visualisation map of the reference modern-human containing the genome regions with high degree of similarity or with novelty according to a Neanderthal of 50 ka has been built by Pratas et al.

Interbreeding with modern humans

The question of possible interbreeding between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (AMH) had been looked into since the early archaeogenetic studies of the 1990s.
No evidence for interbreeding had been found as of 2006.
As of 2009, analysis of about one third of the full genome of the Altai individual was still reported as showing "no sign of admixture". The variant of microcephalin common outside Africa, which was suggested to be of Neanderthal origin and responsible for rapid brain growth in humans, was not found in Neanderthals. Nor was the MAPT variant, a very old variant found primarily in Europeans.

Positive evidence for admixture was first published in May 2010. "The proportion of Neanderthal-inherited genetic material is about 1 to 4 percent [later refined to 1.5 to 2.1 percent] and is found in all non-African populations.

It is suggested that 20 percent of Neanderthal DNA survived in modern humans, notably expressed in the skin, hair and diseases of modern people.
Modern human genes involved in making keratin—the protein found in skin, hair, and nails—have especially high levels of introgression.
For example, around 66% of East Asians contain a POUF23L variant introgressed from Neanderthals, while 70% of Europeans possess an introgressed allele on BNC2.
Neanderthal variants affect the risk of several diseases, including lupus, biliary cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, and type 2 diabetes.
The genetic variant of the MC1R gene which was originally linked to red hair in Neanderthals is not found in Europeans but in Taiwanese Aborigines at 70% frequency and at somewhat high frequencies in East Asians; hence, there is actually no evidence that Neanderthals had red hair.
While interbreeding was viewed as the most parsimonious interpretation of the genetic discoveries, the 2010 study still could not conclusively rule out an alternative scenario, in which the source population of non-African modern humans was already more closely related to Neanderthals than other Africans were, because of ancient genetic divisions within Africa.

Research since 2010 has refined the picture of interbreeding between Neanderthals, Denisovans and anatomically modern humans.
Interbreeding appears to have occurred asymmetrically among the ancestors of modern-day humans, and that this is a possible rationale for differing frequencies of Neanderthal-specific DNA in the genomes of modern humans. In Vernot and Akey (2015) concluded that the relatively greater quantity of Neanderthal-specific DNA in the genomes of individuals of East Asian descent (than those of European descent) cannot be explained by differences in selection.
They further suggest that "two additional demographic models, involving either a second pulse of Neandertal gene flow into the ancestors of East Asians or a dilution of Neandertal lineages in Europeans by admixture with an unknown ancestral population" are parsimonious with their data.
Similar conclusions were reached by Kim and Lohmueller (2015): "Using simulations of a broad range of models of selection and demography, we have shown that this hypothesis that the greater proportion of Neandertal ancestry in East Asians than in Europeans is due to the fact that purifying selection is less effective at removing weakly deleterious Neandertal alleles from East Asian populations cannot account for the higher proportion of Neandertal ancestry in East Asians than in Europeans. Instead, more complex demographic scenarios, most likely involving multiple pulses of Neandertal admixture, are required to explain the data."

Khrameeva et al. (2014), a German-Russian-Chinese collaboration,
compiled a consensus Neanderthal genome based on the genome of the Altai individual and of three Vindjia individuals.
This was compared to a consensus chimpanzee genome as the outgroup
and to the genome of eleven modern populations (three African, three East Asian, three European).
Beyond confirming the significantly higher similarity to the Neanderthal genome in non-Africans than in Africans, the study also found
a difference in the distribution of Neanderthal-derived sites between Europeans and East Asians, suggesting recent evolutionary pressures. Asian populations showed clustering in
functional groups related to immune and haematopoietic pathways,
while Europeans showed clustering in functional groups related to the lipid catabolic process.

Evidence for AMH admixture to Neanderthals at roughly 100,000 years ago
was presented by Kuhlwilm et al. (2016).

There have been at least three episodes of interbreeding. The first would have occurred soon after some modern humans left Africa. The second would have occurred after the ancestral Melanesians had branched off—these people seem to have thereafter bred with Denisovans. The third would have involved Neanderthals and the ancestors of East Asians only.

A 2016 study presented evidence that Neanderthal males might not have had viable male offspring with AMH females.
This could explain why no modern man to date has been found with a Neanderthal Y chromosome.

A 2018 study concluded that interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans led initially to the exposure of each species to unfamiliar viruses. Later on, the exchange of genes granted resistance to those viruses, too.

Epigenetics
A 2014 study on epigenetics of the Neanderthal published the full DNA methylation of the Neanderthal and the Denisovan.
The reconstructed DNA methylation map allowed researchers to assess gene activity levels throughout the Neanderthal genome and compare them to modern humans. One of the major findings focused on the limb morphology of Neanderthals. Gokhman et al. found that changes in the activity levels of the HOX cluster of genes were behind many of the morphological differences between Neanderthals and modern humans, including shorter limbs, curved bones and more.

See also
Human evolutionary genetics
Recent human evolution
Accretion model of Neanderthal origins

References

Category:Ancient human genetic history
Category:Ancient DNA (human)
Genetics


Hamilton Majors

The Hamilton Majors were a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association for one season in  1943-1944. The team was based in Hamilton, Ontario, playing home games at the Barton Street Arena, also known as the Hamilton Forum. The Majors finished third in their group. The following year the team was disbanded. Three alumni from the Whizzers graduated to play in the National Hockey League.

NHL Alumni
Jack Jackson, Enio Sclisizzi, Jack Stoddard

Yearly Results

External links
 Hamilton Forum - The OHL Arena & Travel Guide

Category:Defunct Ontario Hockey League teams
Category:Sport in Hamilton, Ontario
Category:1943 establishments in Ontario
Category:1944 disestablishments in Ontario
Category:Sports clubs established in 1943
Category:Sports clubs disestablished in 1944


List of Western Michigan University alumni

The following is a list of Western Michigan University alumni. Note some of the individuals listed may have only attended the university at one point and not graduated.

Arts and literature
 Bonnie Jo Campbell, author
 Xavier Davis, pianist
 Gwen Frostic, artist, naturalist, poet laureate of Michigan, namesake of WMU's Frostic School of Art, 1929 Bachelor of Arts
 James D. Griffioen, writer and photographer
 Patrick Maher, author
 Richelle Mead, author
 Hideaki Miyamura, potter
 Howard Norman, novelist
 Arleta Richardson, author
 Carey Salerno, poet
 Jamie Thomas, poet
 Terry Wooten, poet

Business
 Robert Bobb, Emergency Financial Manager for the Detroit Public Schools
 Jeanne Dietsch, co-founder of MobileRobots Inc
 Alec Gores, billionaire president of the Gores Group with an estimated net worth of $1.3 billion
 Gerrard Wendell Haworth, businessman, founder of Haworth, Inc.
 Richard Haworth, businessman, chairman of Haworth, Inc., WMU trustee
 Timothy E. Hoeksema (1972), founder of Midwest Airlines
 Homer Hartman Stryker, founder of Stryker Corporation, 1916 Certificate of Teaching

Education
 Terry Bergeson, State of Washington Superintendent of Public Schools
 Robert H. Bruininks, President of University of Minnesota
 Dr. James Bultman, President of Hope College
 John A. Fallon, President, Eastern Michigan University; President, SUNY Potsdam; President, William Penn University
 Frank Douglas Garrett, All-America basketball, academic dean, Oakland University
 M. Peter McPherson, President of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, member of the Dow Jones board of directors, President-Emeritus of Michigan State University
 John J. Pruis, President of Ball State University
 Merze Tate, first African American graduate of WMU; first African American woman to attend Oxford; Harvard PhD

Entertainment
 Tim Allen, actor and comedian
 Bruce Campbell, actor
 Terry Crews, actor
 Brooke Elliott, star of Lifetime Television Network show Drop Dead Diva
 Nicole Forester, actress
 Mary Jackson, actress
 Page Kennedy, actor
 Don Lane, American-born Australian entertainer
 Loretta Mae Moore Long, Susan Robinson on Sesame Street, 1960 Bachelor of Arts
 Stephen Lynch, Tony Award-nominated actor, musician, stand-up comedian
 Marin Mazzie, Tony Award winning actress
 Jeff Osterhage, film and television actor
 John Saunders, ABC Sports television personality
 Paigion, both Kimberly Walker, actress, radio and television personality
 David Wayne, film, television and Tony Award-winning stage actor
 Lauren Zakrin, Broadway actress

Journalism
 Roz Abrams, New York City TV news presenter, CNN reporter
 Ed Gordon, television talk show host on BET and MSNBC, correspondent for NBC News and CBS News, and radio host on NPR
 LZ Granderson, columnist for ESPN and CNN

Law

 Dennis W. Archer, Mayor of Detroit, Michigan Supreme Court Justice, President of the American Bar Association, WMU trustee, 1965 Bachelor of Science
 John J. Bursch, former Michigan Solicitor General
 Gershwin A. Drain, Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
Michael Cohen, Former lawyer of Donald Trump
 Karla Gray, Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court
 Richard Allen Griffin, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
 Wallace Kent, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
 John E. Turner, former Washington State Court of Appeals Judge, Division 2

Music

 Frankie Ballard, country music artist
 Scott Boerma, Director of Bands at WMU and former Director of the Michigan Marching Band
 Matt Giraud, American Idol top 5 finalist
 Josh Gracin, country music artist and American Idol finalist
 Michael Gungor, lead singer of the musical collective Gungor
 Wayne Static, lead singer and guitarist of industrial metal band Static-X
 Luther Vandross, rhythm and blues/urban contemporary singer, songwriter, and record producer
 Sango, DJ & Electronic Musician, 2015 Bachelor of Arts in Graphic Design

Politics, diplomacy and military
 Gardner Ackley, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Lyndon Johnson, Economics Department Chair at the University of Michigan
 Jase Bolger, State Representative, Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives
 Scott Boman, Michigan politician
 Jeanne Dietsch, New Hampshire state senator
 Gerald Jernigan, mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan
 Robert B. Jones, Mayor of Kalamazoo and Michigan State Representative
 Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, U.S. Representative
 Charles S. May, 16th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
 Jack B. Olson, Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin
 Kitty Piercy, Mayor of Eugene, Oregon
 Mark Schauer, U.S. Representative, State Senator, Minority Leader of the Michigan Senate
 Dylan Schmorrow, Commander, U.S. Navy and Aerospace Experimental Psychologist
 Mark D. Siljander, U.S. Representative
 Rashida Tlaib, U.S. Representative and former Michigan state representative;
 Kristy Pagan, Democratic politician from Michigan who represents the 21st District in the Michigan House of Representatives

Science and Technology
 Bill Kennedy (computer scientist) best-selling tech author/editor and CTO of MobileRobots Inc

Athletics

 Richard Ash, NFL player for Dallas Cowboys
 Jason Babin, NFL player for Arizona Cardinals
 Freddie Bishop III, CFL player for Calgary Stampeders
 Jim Bouton, MLB baseball player, World Series pitcher for New York Yankees, actor, author of Ball Four
 Don Boven, NBA player
 Daniel Braverman (born 1993), NFL football player
 Judi Brown, Olympic silver medalist
 Matt Cappotelli, professional wrestler
 Orlando Colon, aka Epico, WWE wrestler, played baseball for Western Michigan
 Scott Colton, aka Colt Cabana, professional wrestler and podcaster
 Kevin Connauton, NHL player for Dallas Stars
 Terry Crews, NFL all-conference MAC player and actor
 Danny DeKeyser, defenseman for Detroit Red Wings
 Louis Delmas, All-American free safety NFL player
 Bill Doba, head football coach at Washington State University (2003–2007)
 Dave Dombrowski, President of Baseball Operations of Boston Red Sox, former GM of Detroit Tigers
 Shawn Faulkner, football player
 Brad Fischer, bullpen coach for Oakland Athletics
 Paul Griffin, NBA player
 Ben Handlogten, NBA player
 John Harbaugh, NFL head coach for Baltimore Ravens (Master's degree from WMU)
 Glenn Healy, NHL goalie
 Greg Jennings, former NFL wide receiver
 Keith Jones, hockey analyst on NBC Sports and NHL player
 Ernie Koob, MLB pitcher, threw no-hitter for 1917 St. Louis Browns
 John Kusku, Team USA goalball player, Olympic silver medalist
 Bill Lajoie, general manager of Detroit Tigers, 1984–90; special advisor for three other teams
 Rich Maloney, head coach for University of Michigan baseball team
 Charlie Maxwell, Major League Baseball player
 Jamal Mayers, NHL player for Chicago Blackhawks
 Jeff Mayweather, trainer and former professional boxer
 Jay McDonagh, football player
 Ira James Murchison, Olympic gold medalist, NCAA national champion
 Lenda Murray, bodybuilder, 8-time Ms. Olympia
 Tom Nütten, retired NFL player for St. Louis Rams
 John Offerdahl, 5-time Pro Bowl NFL player
 Walter Owens, Negro League Baseball pitcher, basketball and track and field player for Michigan, baseball and basketball coach at Detroit's Northwestern High School
 William Perigo, Western Michigan basketball player and head coach
 William Porter, Olympic gold medalist
 John Potter, professional football kicker
 Mike Prindle, NFL placekicker
 Frank Quilici, infielder (1965, 1967–70) and manager (1972–75) for the Minnesota Twins
 Joe Reitz, NFL offensive lineman, WMU basketball player
 Mark Ricks, football player
 Sean Riley (born 1974), football player
 Adam Rosales, MLB third baseman for Oakland Athletics
 Walker Russell, NBA player
 Tony Scheffler, NFL tight end for Detroit Lions
 Neil Smith, owner of Greenville Road Warriors of ECHL, general manager of NHL's New York Rangers and New York Islanders
Paul Szczechura, NHL player for Tampa Bay Lightning
 Wayne Terwilliger, Chicago Cubs second baseman, MLB coach, author
 Roger Theder, head football coach, University of California, Berkeley (1978–1981)
Ray Thomas, MLB player
 Elliot Uzelac, head football coach, Western Michigan University (1975–1981) and U.S. Naval Academy (1987–1989)
 John Vander Wal, professional baseball player
 Jordan White, professional football player
 Corey Davis NFL Wide Receiver for the Tennessee Titans. NCAA FBS career receiving yards leader. First Team All-American (2016)

Fictional
 Tim Taylor, Home Improvement
 Jill Taylor, Home Improvement

References

External links
Distinguished Alumni Award Recipients

*
Western Michigan University alumni


Lakhnadon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

Lakhnadon Vidhan Sabha constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.

It is part of Seoni District.

Members of Legislative Assembly

As a constituency of Madhya Bharat
1951, Durgashankar Mehta Indian National Congress

As a constituency of Madhya Pradesh
Key

Election Results

2013 results

See also
 Lakhnadon

References

Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh


Condensate (album)

Condensate is the fifth studio album by the American funk ensemble The Original 7ven, formerly known as The Time.  Released on October 18, 2011, the album was the group's first release in 21 years. Condensate peaked at number 58 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart and number 10 on the U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. "#Trendin" was also released as a single and reached number 77 on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Track listing
 All songs are written by James Harris III and Terry Lewis, except as noted.

"O7ven Intro" – 4:42
"Strawberry Lake" (James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Morris Day) – 5:09
"O7ven Press Conference" – 1:01
"Condensate" – 3:04
"#Trendin" – 4:08
"If I Was Yo Man" (James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Morris Day) – 5:35
"Role Play" (Jesse Johnson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Morris Day) – 4:44
"Sick" (Jesse Johnson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis) – 4:19
"Lifestyle" (Jesse Johnson, John Dixson) – 5:10
"Faithful" – 4:40
"Cadillac" - 3:51
"AYDKMN" (Jesse Johnson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis) - 5:13
"One Step" - 3:35
"Toast To The Party Girl" - 5:34
"Hey Yo" (James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Morris Day) - 4:32
"GoHomeToYoMan" (James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Monte Moir) - 5:29

Personnel
The Time
 Morris Day - lead and backing vocals
 Jesse Johnson - guitar, backing vocals
 Jimmy Jam - keyboards, backing vocals
 Monte Moir - keyboards, backing vocals
 Terry Lewis - bass, backing and additional lead vocals
 Jerome Benton - percussion, backing vocals
 Jellybean Johnson - drums, percussion

Additional Personnel
 Sue Ann Carwell: backing vocals
 Treasure Davis: backing vocals
 Carla Carter: backing vocals
 Matt Marrin, Tremaine Williams, Jesse Johnson: Recording engineer
 Matt Marrin, Jesse Johnson: Mixing
 Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis, Mike Jason, Michael Mitchell, Bruce Walker: Executive producer
 Robert Vosgien: Mastering
 Christopher Voelker: Photography
 Phil Yarnall: Design

Notes

Category:The Time (band) albums
Category:2011 albums
Category:Albums produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis


El Reloj Cucú

"El Reloj Cucú" (English: The Cuckoo Clock) is the third and last radio single and the fourth track from Maná's fourth studio album, Cuando los Ángeles Lloran in 1995. On the week of March 16, 1996 the song debuted at number forty on the U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and after three weeks later on March 30, 1996 it reached its highest point at the number thirty-four spot for only one week. It would stay for a total of 3 weeks.

Charts

Covers
Maelo Ruiz a performed a salsa version of the song which peaked at #20 on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart.

References

Category:1996 singles
Category:Maná songs
Category:Spanish-language songs
Category:Songs written by Fher Olvera
Category:Warner Music Latina singles
Category:1995 songs


Yellowhead wrasse

The yellowhead wrasse (Halichoeres garnoti) is a fish species belonging to wrasse family native to shallow tropical waters in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean.

Description

The yellowhead wrasse is a small sized fish that can reach a maximum length of 19 cm. Both its sex and appearance change during its life and the colouring at each stage is rather variable.
The body is thin, relatively lengthened and its mouth is terminal.
As a juvenile, it is mainly yellow with a lateral, bright-blue stripe.

In its initial phase, while it is female, it has a dark-colored back, sometimes with bluish shadings, and a yellow underside. Two short wavy dark lines radiate from the hind edge of each eye with dark spots on its front head.

Later, as an adult male, the head and front part of the body are yellow, the hind half of the body is silvery grey and a vertical black blue bar and a broad black blue stripe occur along the border of the dorsal fin. From this dark blue line, three longitudinal lines of gradient colors are visible, they are successively green, blue (this latter continues throughout the ventral part of the fish) then pink to mauve color. It still has the characteristic dark, wavy lines near the eye with the black spots.

Distribution and habitat
The yellowhead wrasse is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico until the north coast of Brasil.

The yellowhead wrasse is common on coral and sandy reefs and among rocks at depths down to about . It likes places with many small cavities where it can hide in case of danger.

Biology
The yellowhead wrasse is a predator that feeds mainly on small invertebrates such as crustaceans, molluscs , worms , echinoderms captured on the substrate or in the sand. Its prominent teeth help it to grasp crustaceans and to lever prey items off rocks.
During its juvenile phase, this wrasse can behave like a cleaner fish.

Like many other wrasses, the yellowhead wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting life as a female and later becoming a male, changing sex when it is about  long. Mature males are territorial during the breeding season and gather in a lek. A daily migration from feeding grounds to spawning sites occurs, and large males tend to monopolize mates.

Status and threats
It is targeted for the aquarium trade, but it is not thought to be a major threat. This species is listed as least Concern (LC) on the UICN Red List.

References

External links

Yellowhead wrasse
Category:Fish described in 1839
Category:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean


Slaughter of the Knezes

The Slaughter of the Knezes () was the organized assassinations and assaults of  noble Serbs in the Sanjak of Smederevo in January 1804 by the rebellious Dahije. Fearing that the Sultan would make use of the Serbs to oust them, they decided to execute leading Serbs throughout the Sanjak. A total of 72 noble Serbs were assassinated, and their heads were put on public display. Notable victims were Aleksa Nenadović and Ilija Birčanin. The event triggered the First Serbian Uprising, aimed at putting an end to the centuries of Ottoman occupation.

Background
In 1788, Koča's frontier rebellion saw most of Šumadija occupied by the Serbian Free Corps, a volunteer militia loyal to the Austrians. Belgrade was besieged by Austrian forces in late 1789, occupied until 1791 when it was handed back to the Ottomans after concluding peace. In 1793 and 1796 Sultan Selim III proclaimed firmans (decrees) which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by the obor-knez; freedom of trade and religion were granted and there was peace. Each village had a knez and 10 villages had an obor-knez. Selim III also decreed that some unpopular Janissaries were to leave the Sanjak of Smederevo (also known as the "Belgrade Pashaluk") as he saw them as a threat to the central authority of Hadži Mustafa Pasha, the governor. Many of those Janissaries were employed by or found refuge with Osman Pazvantoğlu, a renegade opponent of Selim III in the Sanjak of Vidin. Fearing the dissolution of the Janissary command in the Sanjak of Smederevo, Osman Pazvantoğlu launched a series of raids against Serbians without the permission of Selim III, causing much volatility and fear in the region. Pazvantoğlu was defeated in 1793 by a Serbian contingent at the Battle of Kolari. In the summer of 1797 the sultan appointed Mustafa Pasha on position of beglerbeg of Rumelia Eyalet and he left Serbia for Plovdiv to fight against Pazvantoğlu and his rebels. During the absence of Mustafa Pasha, the forces of Pazvantoğlu captured Požarevac and besieged the Belgrade fortress. Mustafa Pasha planned to raise taxes in order to pay for the operations against the Janissary rebels, however, he was persuaded by the Serbian knezes to rely on them on mustering a force of the local population. The Serbians were able to collect 10,000 fighters. At the end of November 1797 obor-knezes Aleksa Nenadović, Ilija Birčanin and Nikola Grbović from Valjevo brought their forces to Belgrade and forced the besieging Janissary forces to retreat to Smederevo. By 1799 the Janissary corps had returned, as they were pardoned by the Sultan's decree, and they immediately suspended the Serbian autonomy and drastically increased taxes, enforcing martial law in Serbia. On 15 December 1801 Mustafa Pasha was assassinated by Kuchuk Alija, one of four Dahije (the renegade Jannissary leaders in the Sanjak of Smederevo). The Dahije henceforth ruled the Sanjak independently of, and in defiance to the sultan.

The tyranny endured by the Serbs caused them to send a petition to the Sultan, which the Dahije learnt of. According to Leopold von Ranke, the Dahije started to fear that the Sultan would make use of the Serbs to oust them; to forestall this they decided to execute leading Serbs throughout the sanjak. In fact, the Dahije learnt of a conspiracy between the Serbians and Mustafa Pasha's associates (who wanted revenge) to rise against the Dahije, forged in 1803. A letter to an Austrian officer inviting for conflict, most likely written by Hadži-Ruvim, was intercepted.

History

The Dahije sent secret orders to their muteselims to kill each of their knez on the given day. It seems that Mehmed-aga Fočić was tasked with overseeing the operation. The victims were obor-knezes, knezes, buljubašas and other chosen people. Most of the knezes were killed on 23 January, while Hadži-Ruvim was killed on 29 January. By 25 January, the Dahije decided that noble Serbs were to be beaten, so that what was left would become real "rayah, to serve the Turks well". Other Ottoman lords then began to attack chosen nobles in their districts. Karađorđe survived attempts. According to contemporary accounts, heads were put on public display at the Valjevo town square to serve as an example to those who might plot against the rule of the Dahije. By 4 February, 72 decapitated heads were brought to Belgrade.

List of victims

Stevan Andrejević Palalija, knez of Begaljica in the Grocka nahiya. Lured and killed.
Marko Čarapić, knez of Beli Potok in the Grocka nahiya. Killed during a wedding.
Janko Gagić, kmet and buljubaša, from Boleč in the Grocka nahiya. Killed after giving himself up to save his kidnapped son.
Stanoje Mihailović, knez of Zeoke in the Belgrade nahiya. Killed in his home, on 24–25 January.
Aleksa Nenadović, knez of Tamnava in the Valjevo nahiya. Killed on 23 January.
Ilija Birčanin, knez of Podgor in the Valjevo nahiya. Killed on 23 January.
Hadži-Ruvim, archimandrite of Bogovađa in the Valjevo nahiya. Tortured to death at the hands of Kučuk-Alija on 28 January.
Three priests from the Šabac nahiya, Živko, Maksim, and an unnamed protosynkellos of the Bishop of Šabac, were killed in Šabac in the later phase. The former two were pierced in the legs with knives and taken to the fortress and killed there. The latter was cut into pieces in the town center (čaršija).
Radosav Kalabić, knez of Jadar in the Zvornik nahiya, and his friend priest Vilip.
Hadži-Ðera, hegumen of the  in the Rudnik nahiya. Killed in the monastery.
Gavrilo Buđevac, buljubaša, from the Rudnik nahiya.
Mata, buljubaša, from Lipovac in the Kragujevac nahiya. Cut down by the Kragujevac mutesellim or Kučuk-Husejin.
Jovica from Knić in the Kragujevac nahiya. Cut down by the Kragujevac mutesellim.
Nikola Ćirjanić from Orašje in the Kragujevac nahiya. Beaten to death by the Kragujevac mutesellim.

Teofan, knez of Orašje in the Smederevo nahija.
Petar, knez of Resava in the Jagodina nahija.
Jovan, knez
Mata, buljubaša, from Lipovac in the Kragujevac nahija.
Gavrilo Buđevac, buljubaša
Nikola Grbović, obor-knez of Mratišića
knez Tavnavski of Ljutica
knez Mačvanski of Bogatić
knez Pocerski of Metković
Hadži-Melentij Stevanović

See also

Uprising against the Dahije

References

Sources

Category:Conflicts in 1804
Category:1804 crimes
Category:First Serbian Uprising
Category:Massacres in Serbia
Category:Persecution of Serbs
Category:Assassinated Serbian people
Category:Ottoman Serbia
Category:Valjevo
Category:1804 in Serbia
Category:1804 in the Ottoman Empire
Category:Massacres in the Ottoman Empire
Category:Trophy heads
Category:Assassinations in the Ottoman Empire
Category:January 1804 events
Category:Murder in 1804
Category:1800s murders in Europe


Douglas Church

Douglas J. Church was an American football coach.  He served the ninth head football coach at New York University (NYU). He held that position for one seasons, in 1906, leading the NYU Violets to a record of 0–4.

Head coaching record

References

Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing
Category:NYU Violets football coaches


Pelargoderus

Pelargoderus is a genus of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

List of species
 Pelargoderus albopunctatus Breuning, 1980
 Pelargoderus alcanor (Newman, 1842)
 Pelargoderus arouensis (Thomson, 1857)
 Pelargoderus assimilis Aurivillius, 1908
 Pelargoderus basalis (Gahan, 1907)
 Pelargoderus bipunctatus (Dalman, 1815)
 Pelargoderus celebensis Breuning, 1966
 Pelargoderus cincticornis Ritsema, 1895
 Pelargoderus dibbhincksi Gilmour, 1947
 Pelargoderus djampeanus Breuning, 1960
 Pelargoderus flavicornis Gahan, 1888
 Pelargoderus fulvoirroratus Blanchard, 1885
 Pelargoderus luteosparsus (Matsushita, 1935)
 Pelargoderus luzonicus (Breuning, 1935)
 Pelargoderus malaccensis Breuning, 1935
 Pelargoderus marginipennis Ritsema, 1895
 Pelargoderus niger (Thomson, 1878)
 Pelargoderus papuanus Breuning, 1936
 Pelargoderus rubropunctatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
 Pelargoderus salomonum Breuning, 1962
 Pelargoderus semitigrinus Ritsema, 1885
 Pelargoderus sijthoffii Ritsema, 1901
 Pelargoderus stellatus Vitali & Casadio, 2007
 Pelargoderus sumatranus Breuning, 1935
 Pelargoderus trigonalis Heyden, 1897
 Pelargoderus vittatus Audinet-Serville, 1835
 Pelargoderus vitticollis Gressitt, 1952
 Pelargoderus waigeuensis Gilmour, 1956

References
 Biolib

Category:Lamiini