Carcinosoma

Carcinosoma (meaning "crab body") is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Carcinosoma are restricted to deposits of late Silurian (Late Llandovery to Early Pridoli) age. Classified as part of the family Carcinosomatidae, which the genus lends its name to, Carcinosoma contains seven species from North America and Great Britain.

Carcinosomatid eurypterids had unusual proportions and features compared to other eurypterids, with a broad abdomen, thin and long tail and spined and forward-facing walking appendages. They were not as streamlined as other groups but had considerably more robust and well developed walking appendages. In Carcinosoma, these spined walking appendages are thought to have been used to create a trap to capture prey in. The telson (final segment of the body) of Carcinosoma appears to have possessed distinct segmentation, Carcinosoma is the only known eurypterid to possess this feature.

At  in length, the species C. punctatum is the largest carcinosomatoid eurypterid by far and is among the largest eurypterids overall, rivalling the large pterygotid eurypterids (such as Jaekelopterus) in size. Other species of the genus were considerably smaller, with most ranging from  to  in length.

Description

Carcinosoma was among the largest eurypterids, with isolated fossil remains consisting of a  long metastoma (a plate overlaying the coxae of the first six appendages) of the species C. punctatum indicating a full length of . Fossil prosomal appendages (appendages attached to the head) referred to the species could possibly increase this estimate to an overall length of around . This massive size makes C. punctatum the largest of all known carcinosomatoid eurypterids and it rivals the largest pterygotid eurypterids, such as the  long Jaekelopterus, in size. Other species of Carcinosoma were smaller, most being in the range of  to  in length.

Perhaps the most recognizable features of Carcinosoma are its spined appendages and its broad and flattened mesosoma (the first six segments of its abdomen). Carcinosomatid eurypterids such as Carcinosoma had less streamlined bodies than those of some other groups, notably the highly streamlined pterygotid eurypterids. In contrast, the walking legs of the carcinosomatids were in general more robust and better developed. Indeed, the walking legs (the second to fifth pair of appendages) were stout and strong and increased in size anteriorly, from the fifth to third pair of appendages, though the first pair of appendages were much shorter than the following pairs. As such, the second pair of walking legs were the longest. Each walking appendage possessed long and curved spines, often two such spines occurring per joint. These spines are one of the defining features of the carcinosomatid family, along with that the swimming legs have slightly elongated and expanded seventh and eighth podomeres (leg segments).

The body of Carcinosoma was somewhat oddly proportioned in comparison to other eurypterids, though similar to that of related carcinosomatids (particularly Eusarcana). The preabdomen (frontal part of the body) was broad and ovally shaped whilst the postabdomen (the posterior part of the body) was narrow and cylindrical. The prosoma (head) was subtriangular in shape with the small compound eyes placed at the front. The metasoma of Carcinosoma was covered in fine and elongated scales and was quite flat, a feature which separates the genus from Eusarcana where the metasoma was almost cylindrical.

Color
A well-preserved specimen of C. newlini, specimen number 502 in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History (collected in the Kokomo Formation of Indiana), preserves the integument in enough detail to determine the coloration C. newlini would have possessed in life. By surveying the distribution of fossilized pigment cells and comparing them with those of modern scorpions, scientists were able to see the pattern and specific colors C. newlini would have possessed in life.

Overall, the color was similar to that of modern scorpions and to that of another eurypterid which had been similarly studied, Megalograptus ohioensis. The dorsal side of the prosoma, mesosoma and the tergites (segments) of the metasoma were light brown while elongated scales alongside the exoskeleton were darker brown grading into black at the apex of the scales. Smaller scales alongside the edges of the metasomal tergites were also brown but contrasted against the lighter brown of the other integument. The operculum (the first and second abdominal segments) and the plates of the abdomen were brown but lighter than the tergites and their scales were, as with the other scales, darker than the surrounding integument.

Black-tipped scales also occurred on the legs, where the general integument was dark brown. The spines of the walking legs were dark brown but black at their tips. The flattened scales on the swimming paddles also graded into black, though the paddle was otherwise brown. The coxae were light brown, with darker scales. The gnathobases ("tooth-plates" on the coxae used when feeding) were completely black, as were the telson whose color contrasted with the preceding and adjacent brown segment.

Size

Carcinosoma ranged in size from  to  in length, with the largest species by far being C. punctatum, known from the Ludlow epoch of England, and the smallest being C. libertyi, known from the Late Llandovery epoch of Canada. Though no other species came close to the size of C. punctatum, many species were moderately large, including C. harleyi from the Late Ludlow epoch of England at , C. newlini from the Early Pridoli epoch of the United States at , C. scoticus from the Llandovery epoch of Scotland at  and C. spiniferum from the Late Ludlow epoch of the United States at . The second smallest known species was C. scorpioides from the Wenlock epoch of Scotland at  in length.

History of research

Carcinosoma was first described under the name Eurysoma (meaning "wide body", deriving from Greek εὐρύς, "wide", and Latin soma, "body") by British American geologist and paleobotanist Edward Waller Claypole in 1890, who named the type species of the new genus E. newlini in honor of a C. E. Newlin who had collected the fossils. The Eurysoma specimens had been discovered in deposits of Early Pridoli age in the Kokomo Formation of Indiana alongside several other eurypterid specimens, all of which at the time were referred to Eurypterus lacustris (though Claypole noted in the same paper that this may have been done hastily). Later in the same year, Claypole discovered that the name Eurysoma was preoccupied and thus not available to be used for his genus of eurypterids. Eurysoma had been named in 1831 for a genus of modern beetles and is today considered synonymous with the genus Brachygnathus. Claypole replaced the name Eurysoma with the new name Carcinosoma. Carcinosoma means "crab body" deriving from Latin cancer, "crab", and soma, "body".

In 1868, English geologist and paleontologist Henry Woodward named a new species of Eurypterus, E. scorpioides, based on fossils from Lanarkshire, Scotland. Woodward could easily distinguish the species from other genera present at the locality, such as Slimonia and Pterygotus. Another species of Eurypterus, E. scoticus was named in 1899 by Scottish zoologist and paleontologist Malcolm Laurie based on fragmentary remains recovered in deposits of Llandovery age in Scotland.

In 1912, American paleontologists John Mason Clarke and Rudolf Ruedemann noted that Carcinosoma was sufficiently similar to the related eurypterid Eusarcus to be designated as synonymous with it. As Eusarcus had been named in 1875, fifteen years earlier than Carcinosoma, its name had priority and replaced Carcinosoma. At this time, the combined genus of Eusarcus contained several species that are today seen as Carcinosoma, including C. newlini, C. scoticus and C. scorpioides, which Clarke and Ruedemann had referred to the genus on account of their similarities with C. newlini and species previously referred to Eusarcus. In 1934, 59 years after it had been described, Eusarcus was recognized as a name preoccupied by a harvestman. The Norwegian geologist Leif Størmer proposed that the name of the taxon should be next oldest available and valid name for the genus, Carcinosoma. During the preparation for his paper on the issue, Størmer also discussed the situation with fellow Norwegian researcher Embrik Strand, who helped confirm that Carcinosoma was not preoccupied.

Strand would subsequently propose the replacement name Eusarcana in 1942, despite the problem having been dealt with by Størmer, who he had been in contact with, eight years earlier. The reasons for proposing the name during the circumstances of the time remains unknown, but critique from contemporary researchers of Strand for his studies in systematics and an apparent desire to name as many taxa as possible may explain the situation somewhat. As it was seen as completely unnecessary at the time, Strand's Eusarcana was overlooked and not even mentioned in subsequent eurypterid studies.

In 1961, American paleontologist Erik N. Kjellesvig-Waering classified Eurypterus punctatus (originally described as Pterygotus punctatus by English paleontologist and prominent eurypterid researcher John William Salter in 1859) as Carcinosoma punctatum and named a new species C. harleyi based on fossils from the Ludlow epoch of the Welsh Borderland. Kjellesvig-Waering could differentiate C. harleyi from C. punctatum based on C. harleyi lacking serrations on the eighth podomere of the swimming leg and the serrations of the ninth podomere being less developed.

C. punctatum was diagnosed by Kjellesvig-Waering in 1961 based on the considerably pronounced serrations of the distal parts of its swimming leg, but the diagnosis is only valid for the lectotype specimen of the species, BGS GSM89435 (compromising the distal parts of a swimming leg discovered in deposits of Middle Ludlow age in the Mocktree Shale of Leintwardine in Herefordshire, England), and four other specimens from the same locality (BMNH 39389, BMNH In. 43804, BGS GSM89561 and GSM89568). Due to a close resemblance of the swimming legs, C. punctatum is assumed to have been similar in appearance to C. newlini. C. punctatum can be distinguished from C. newlini by the serration along the margin of the distal podomeres of C. punctatum being more pronounced.

C. harleyi, from the Late Ludlow epoch, was described mainly based on specimens previously known (some having been reported by Salter as early as 1859) but previously referred to Eurypterus punctatus. Recognized by Kjellesvig-Waering as distinct, the species is named in honor of John Harley, one of the earliest collectors of eurypterid fossils in the region. Noted as moderately large in size by Kjellesvig-Waering, the holotype specimen of C. harleyi (No. 89434 in the collection of the Geological Survey and Museum in London) is a fragment of a swimming leg measuring  in length. The nearly complete lack of serrations in the joints of C. harleyi makes the species very distinct from C. punctatum and other species of Carcinosoma.

In 1964, both C. punctatum and C. harleyi were still recognized as part of Carcinosoma following an emended diagnosis of the genus by Kjellesvig-Waering and American paleontologist Kenneth Edward Caster, though C. harleyi was only tentatively recognized. Further species recognized at the time were C. libertyi and C. logani (both from Ontario, Canada; C. logani was later found to be a crustacean and not a eurypterid at all), C. spiniferum (from New York, United States), C. newlini (from Indiana, United States), C. scorpioides and C. scoticus (both from Scotland). Out of these species, only C. newlini and C. scorpioides preserve the swimming legs, where the diagnostic characters of the genus are, which makes the assignment of the other species to Carcinosoma less secure. Kjellesvig-Waering and Caster also recognized Eusarcus and Carcinosoma to be distinct genera when revising the superfamily Carcinosomatoidea, and coined the replacement name Paracarcinosoma to designate the species previously assigned to Eusarcus. E. scorpionis was designated the type species. Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering made no mention of Embrik Strand or Eusarcana, and they were likely not aware of the existence of the previous name. In 2012, American paleontologists Jason A. Dunlop and James Lamsdell designated Paracarcinosoma as a junior synonym of Eusarcana per the taxonomic laws of priority.

Classification
Carcinosoma is classified as part of the family Carcinosomatidae, one of two families within the superfamily Carcinosomatoidea (the other being the Mixopteridae), alongside the genera Eusarcana, Eocarcinosoma and Rhinocarcinosoma. The cladogram below is adapted from a larger cladogram (simplified to only display the Carcinosomatoidea) in a  2007 study by eurypterid researcher O. Erik Tetlie, in turn based on results from various phylogenetic analyses on eurypterids conducted between 2004 and 2007.

Paleobiology

The walking legs of Carcinosoma were turned forward, which also directed the large spines on the appendages forward. In C. newlini, these flat and forward-facing legs are thought to have been used to create a trap to capture prey in. The strong structures seen in C. newlini are not reflected in other carcinosomatids. For instance, the appendages of Eusarcana were much more weakly developed and would not have served as an effective weapon. Eusarcana is more likely to have relied on its telson, taking the shape of a sharp and curved stinger similar to that of scorpions and potentially capable of injecting venom.

Instead of taking the shape of a scorpion-like stinger, the telson of Carcinosoma was slightly flattened and expanded anteriorly. The telsons of most eurypterids ends in a spike but the telson of Carcinosoma ended in a small and expanded structure with distinct segmentation, fossils preserving ten segments (though a small portion of the structure is not preserved, making more segments possible), otherwise not definitely reported from a eurypterid. The only other eurypterid from which a segmented structure occurring as part of the telson has been reported in is the slimonid Salteropterus abbreviatus. With such segmentation reported from two separate eurypterid genera, it is possible that the eurypterid telson is actually developed from a formerly normal abdominal segment and is thus not homologous to the telson of other arthropod groups. Further studies of Salteropterus has since revealed that the perceived "segmentation" of its "post-telson" was misinterpreted ornamentation of an elongated and unusually shaped telson and not actual segmentation, making the segmentation of Carcinosoma unique.

Paleoecology

As the opisthosoma of Carcinosoma wasn't as streamlined as that of more active eurypterids and on account of its unique telson morphology, it is believed that Carcinosoma was not a very active swimmer. It is unlikely to have been well adapted to a completely nektonic (actively swimming) lifestyle and is more likely to have been nektobenthic (swimming near the bottom). The flat metasoma of Carcinosoma was probably used as at least partially as aid when swimming, suggested by the pretelson being slightly expanded in comparison to other eurypterids.

As a considerable majority of described eurypterid species are known from the Silurian, particularly the late Silurian, researchers have concluded that the group peaked in diversity and number during this time. Complex eurypterid faunas, compromising several different species in different ecological roles, are typical of the period. These faunas were typically dominated by one or more particular eurypterid families, the dominant groups depending on the environment and location. Three such types of eurypterid faunas have been documented from the late Silurian, out of which a Carcinosomatidae-Pterygotidae fauna is the most marine type.

All known examples of Carcinosoma are known from marine beds, typically occurring with trilobites, starfish, bryozoans, brachiopods, linguloids and other marine animals. Carcinosoma also prominently occurs together with pterygotid eurypterids. In the fossil deposits of the Welsh Borderland, examples of Carcinosoma occur together with representatives of the pterygotid genera Erettopterus and Pterygotus over a period of millions of years (though other eurypterids, such as Salteropterus, Dolichopterus, Hughmilleria, Eurypterus, Marsupipterus, Mixopterus, Parahughmilleria, Slimonia, Tarsopterella and Stylonurus are also present in lesser numbers).

Other types of late Silurian eurypterid faunas include one dominated by the Eurypteridae. When genera such as Erieopterus or Eurypterus occur in great numbers other genera and families are more rare, though groups such as dolichopterids, carcinosomatids and pterygotids tend to occur in small numbers. The environments with such faunas appear to be quieter waters such as lagoons, estuaries and bays. The third and final recognized type of fauna is one dominated by hughmilleriids and stylonurids, generally alongside sandy bottoms and with few other associated fossils. The environments inhabited by this third fauna was likely less marine than the others, possibly representing the more brackish parts of bays and estuaries.

See also
List of eurypterid generaTimeline of eurypterid research

References

Category:Diploperculata
Category:Silurian eurypterids
Category:Silurian arthropods of North America
Category:Silurian arthropods of Europe
Category:Paleozoic life of Ontario
Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Category:Eurypterids of Europe
Category:Eurypterids of North America


Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1919)

John Lewis (26 August 1919 – 2002) was an English professional footballer who played as a half-back in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Bournemouth, and Reading. He also played non-league football for Kettering Town.

Playing career
Lewis was born in Walsall and began his youth career with West Bromwich Albion. He signed for Crystal Palace in the 1938 close season and made his debut—and only senior appearance before the league was interrupted by the Second World—in April 1939 against Bristol Rovers. Lewis became a first team regular in the 1946–47 season, when he was ever-present and made over 30 appearances in each of the next two seasons. His form was such that he was named in a London select XI to play in Brussels in 1948.

However, in November 1949, Lewis was transferred to Bournemouth for £7,500 where he remained until July 1951, when he joined Reading. Lewis spent two seasons with Reading before moving into non-league football with Kettering Town.

Later career
After retiring as a player, Lewis became a publican.

Jack Lewis died in 2002, aged 82 or 83.

References

External links

Jack Lewis at holmesdale.net

Category:1919 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Walsall
Category:English footballers
Category:English Football League players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Category:Crystal Palace F.C. players
Category:A.F.C. Bournemouth players
Category:Reading F.C. players
Category:Kettering Town F.C. players
Category:London XI players


Keyser Township School 8

Keyser Township School 8 is a historic school building located at Garrett, DeKalb County, Indiana.  It was built in 1914, and is a one-story, Romanesque Revival-style brick building on a raised basement. It has a hipped roof. The building was converted to apartments in 1956.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

References

Category:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Category:Romanesque Revival architecture in Indiana
Category:School buildings completed in 1914
Category:Buildings and structures in DeKalb County, Indiana
Category:National Register of Historic Places in DeKalb County, Indiana


Sebastian Schaffert

Sebastian Schaffert is a software engineer and researcher. He was born in Trostberg, Bavaria, Germany on March 18, 1976 and obtained his doctorate in 2004.

Before moving out of research, he was very active in the Semantic Web, Linked Data and Multimedia Semantics fields, his works received more than 1.800 citations. He is a contributor to open source projects, among those Apache Marmotta and participated in several European FP6 and FP7 research projects such as REWERSE (Reasoning on the Web with rules and semantics), KiWi (Knowledge in a Wiki), IKS (Interactive Knowledge Stack) and MICO (Media in Context).

Education
In April 2001, he graduated in Computer Science with a thesis on "Grouping Structures for Semistructured Data: Enhancing, Data Modelling and Data Retrieval".

In December 2004, he obtained his doctorate at the faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich with the thesis "Xcerpt: A Rule-Based Query and Transformation Language for the Web".

Career
In August 2005, he worked as senior researcher and project manager at the Salzburg Research Institute where he is currently head of the Knowledge and Media Technologies group.

In 2006, he also became scientific director of the Salzburg NewMedia Lab.

In 2009–2010, he taught at the Fachhochschule (University of Applied Science) of Salzburg

In 2013, he co-founded Redlink and held the CTO position.

In December 2014, he joined Google at Zürich, where he currently works as Site Reliability Engineering Manager.

Awards
 Austrian Champion in European Research, Austrian Research Promotion Agency, April 2008.
 Best Demonstration Award of ESWC 2009, European Semantic Web Conference, June 2009.
 Test of Time Award (10 years) for Most Influential Paper in Logic Programming, Association for Logic Programming, September 2012.

Publications
He wrote the following PhD thesis:
 Xcerpt: A Rule-Based Query and Transformation Language for the Web. University of Munich, October 2004.

He wrote the following articles and research papers:
 Schaffert, Sebastian; Eder, Julia; Grunwald, Szaby;  Kurz, Thomas; Radulescu, Mihai; Sint, Rolf; Stroka, Stephanie. KiWi – A Platform for Semantic Social Software (Demonstration). In: 6th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC09) – Demonstrations Track, Heraklion, Greece, June 2009.
 Schaffert, Sebastian. IkeWiki: A Semantic Wiki for Collaborative Knowledge Management. In: 1st International Workshop on Semantic Technologies in Collaborative Applications STICA 06, Manchester, UK, June 2006.
 Schaffert, Sebastian; Bry, François. Querying the Web Reconsidered: A Practical Introduction to Xcerpt. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2004, Montre ́al, Quebec, Canada (2–6 August 2004).
 Bry, François; Schaffert, Sebastian. Towards a Declarative Query and Transformation Language for XML and Semistructured Data: Simulation Unification. In: International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP02), Copenhagen, Denmark, July/August 2002.
 Steger, Bettina; Kurz, Thomas; Schaffert, Sebastian. Resource Description Graph patterns for configuring Linked Dataviews. In:I-Semantics 2013, September 2013, Graz, Austria
 François Bryand, Sebastian Schaffert: SimulationUnification:Beyond Querying Semistructured Data. Invited Article. In: Proceedings of Intl. Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP2012), Budapest, Hungary, September 2012
 Kurz Thomas; Güntner, Georg; Damjanovic, Violeta; Schaffert, Sebastian; Fernandez, Manuel. Semantic Enhancement for Media Asset Management Systems: Integrating the Red Bull Content Pool into the Web of Data. Multimedia Tools and Applications (MTAP) 2012,
 Schaffert, Sebastian; Kurz, Thomas; Glachs, Dietmar; Bauer, Christoph; Dorschel, Fabian; Fernandez, Manuel. The Linked Media Framework: Integrating and Interlinking Enterprise Media Content and Data. In: Proceedings of I-Semantics 2012, Graz, Austria, September 2012

He is the author (or co-author) of the following books and publications:
 Georg Güntner, Sebastian Schaffert, Thomas Kurz, Violeta Damjanovic: Semantically Linked Media for Interactive User-Centric Services. In: Hassnaa Moustafa and Sherali Zeadally (editors): “Media Networks: Architecture, Applications and Standards”. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, May 2012;
 Kurz, Thomas; Schaffert, Sebastian; Fernandez, Manuel; Güntner, Georg. Adding Wings to Red Bull Media: Search and Display semantically enhanced Video Fragments. In: World Wide Web Conference 2012 (WWW2012), Demonstrations Track, Lyon, France, April 2012, ,
 Schön, Sandra; Kurz, Thomas; Bauer, Christoph; Börner, Jean-Christoph; Hofer, Peter M.; Lejtovicz, Katalin; Schebella, Marius; Springer, Michael; Wolfinger, Andrea; Zwischenbrugger, Edgar. Smarte Annotationen. Ein Beitrag zur Evaluation von Empfehlungen für Annotationen (Smart annotations. A contribution to the evaluation of recommendations for annotations), Salzburg Research,
 Schebella, Marius; Kurz, Thomas; Güntner, Georg. Linked Media Interfaces. Graphical User Interfaces for Search and Annotation, Salzburg Research,
 Kurz, Thomas; Schaffert, Sebastian; Bürger, Tobias. LMF – A Framework for Linked Media. In: Workshop on Multimedia on the Web (MMWeb2011). September 2011.
 Damjanovic, Violeta; Güntner, Georg; Schaffert, Sebastian; Kurz, Thomas; Glachs, Dietmar. Semantic Social TV. In: NEM Summit 2011. September 2011
 Salzburg NewMediaLab – The Next Generation (Hrsg.) unter Mitwirkung von Christoph Bauer, Andreas Blumauer, Tobias Burger, Manuel Fernandez, Wolfgang Gewald, Dietmar Glachs, Georg Güntner, Gerhard Haberl, Thomas Kurz, Siegfried Reich, Sebastian Schaffert, Marius Schebella, Sandra Schön, Katharina Siorpaes, Rupert Westenthaler, Markus Winkler und Edgar Zwischenbrugger (Leitung: Sandra Schön und Georg Güntner): Linked Media. Ein White-Paper zu den Potentialen von Linked People, Linked Content und Linked Data in Unternehmen. Band 1 der Reihe “Linked Media Lab Reports”, herausgegeben von Christoph Bauer, Georg Güntner und Sebastian Schaffert. Salzburg: Salzburg Research.
 François Bry, Tim Furche, Clemens Ley, Bruno Marnette, Benedikt Linse and Sebastian Schaffert: Datalog Relaunched: Simulation Unification and Value Invention. In:Proceedings of the Datalog 2.0 Workshop, 2011
 Sandra Schön, Diana Wieden-Bischof, Cornelia Schneider und Martin Schumann: Mobile Gemeinschaften. Erfolgreiche Beispiele aus den Bereichen Spielen, Lernen und Gesundheit. Erschienen in der Reihe “Social Media”, hrsg. von Georg Güntner und Sebastian Schaffert, Band 5. Salzburg: Salzburg Research.
 Violeta Damjanovic, Thomas Kurz, Rupert Westenthaler, Wernher Behrendt, Andreas Gruber, Sebastian Schaffert: Semantic Enhancement: The Key to Massive and Heterogeneous Data Pools.
 Thomas Kurz, Sebastian Schaffert, Tobias Bürger, Stephanie Stroka,Rolf Sint, Mihai Radulescu and Szabolcs Grünwald: KiWi – A Platform for building Semantic Social Media Applications. In: Proceedings of the ISWC 2010 Posters and Demonstrations Track, Shanghai, China, November 2010.
 Sebastian Schaffert: KiWi – eine Plattform f¨r Semantische Soziale Medien. In: OCG Journal 4/2010
 Stephanie Stroka, Sebastian Schaffert, Tobias Bürger: Access Control in the Social Se- mantic Web – Extending the idea of FOAF+SSL in KiWi (demo paper). In: 2nd Workshop on Trust and Privacy on the Social and Semantic Web (SPOT2010) at ESWC10, Heraklion, Greece.
 Rolf Sint, Mark Markus, Sebastian Schaffert and Thomas Kurz: Ideator – a collaborative enterprise idea management tool powered by KiWi. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Semantic Wikis – Linking Data and People, co-located with ESWC 2010, Heraklion, Greece, June 2010.
 François Bry, Clemens Cap, Ingo Dahm, Julia Maintz, Sebastian Schaffert: Dagstuhl Manifesto – Digital Social Media. In: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings.
 Sandra Schaffert, Georg Güntner, Markus Lassnig, Diana Wieden-Bischof: Reputation und Feedback im Web. Einsatzgebiete und Beispiele. Social Media Band 4, hrsg. von Georg Güntner und Sebastian Schaffert. Salzburg: Salzburg Research. ISBN 978-3- 902448-17-0
 Sandra Schaffert, Tobias Bürger, Wolf Hilzensauer, Cornelia Schneider, Diana Wieden- Bischof: Empfehlungen im Web. Konzepte und Realisierungen. Social Media Band 3, hrsg. von Georg Güntner und Sebastian Schaffert. Salzburg: Salzburg Research. ()
 Sebastian Schaffert, François Bry, Joachim Baumeister, Malte Kiesel: Semantische Wikis. In: Tassilo Pellegrini and Andreas Blumauer (eds): Social Semantic Web, 2009: 245-258
 Christoph Wieser, Sebastian Schaffert: Die Zeitung der Zukunft. In: Tassilo Pellegrini and Andreas Blumauer (eds): Social Semantic Web 2009: 423-434
 Sebastian Schaffert, Julia Eder, Szaby Grünwald, Thomas Kurz, Mihai Radulescu, Rolf Sint, and Stephanie Stroka: KiWi – A Platform for Semantic Social Software. In: 4th Workshop on Semantic Wikis (SemWiki2009) at ESWC09, Heraklion, Greece, June 2009 (PDF).
 Sebastian Schaffert, Julia Eder, Szaby Grünwald, Thomas Kurz, and Mihai Radulescu: KiWi – A Platform for Semantic Social Software (Demonstration). – short version/demo description of previous publication. In: 6th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC09) – Demonstrations Track, Heraklion, Greece, June 2009 (PDF). ESWC Best Demo Award!
 Tassilo Pellegrini, Sören Auer, Klaus Tochtermann and Sebastian Schaffert: Networked Knowledge – Networked Media: Integrating Knowledge Management, New Media Technologies and Semantic Systems. Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence. July 2009.
 Sebastian Schaffert, Joachim Baumeister, François Bry, and Malte Kiesel: Semantic Wikis. In: IEEE Software, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 8–11, Jul/Aug, 2008.
 Peter Dolog, Markus Krötzsch, Sebastian Schaffert, and Denny Vrandecic: Proceedings of the Workshop on Social Web and Knowledge Management (SWKM08). In: WWW2008, Beijing, China, April 2008.
 Christoph Lange, Max Völkel, Hala Skaf-Molli, and Sebastian Schaffert: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Semantic Wikis (SemWiki08) (CEUR). In: ESWC’08, Tenerife, Spain, June 2008.
 Cristina Baroglio, Piero A. Bonatti, Jan Maluszynski, Massimo Marchiori, Axel Polleres, Sebastian Schaffert: Reasoning Web, 4th International Summer School 2008. Venice, Italy, September 7–11, 2008, Tutorial Lectures Springer 2008
 François Bry, Tim Furche, Liviu Badea, Christoph Koch, Sebastian Schaffert, and Sacha Berger: Querying the Web Reconsidered: Design Principles for Versatile Web Query Languages. In: Amit Seth, Miltiadis D. Lytras (eds.): Semantic Web-Based Information Systems – State-of-the-Art Applications. Idea Group Inc., December 2007.
 Markus Krötzsch, Sebastian Schaffert, and Denny Vrandecic: Reasoning in Semantic Wikis. In: Reasoning Web Summer School, Dresden, September 2007. Springer-Verlag, LNCS 4636
 Sebastian Schaffert and Tassilo Pellegrini: Proceedings of the I-SEMANTICS 2007 as part of Triple-I 2007 JUCS. , September 2006
 Sebastian Schaffert, François Bry, Joachim Baumeister und Malte Kiesel: Aktuelles Schlagwort: Semantic Wiki. In: Informatik Spektrum, Organ der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. und mit ihr assoziierter Organisationen,
 Sebastian Schaffert: Semantic Social Software: Semantically Enabled Social Software or Socially Enabled Semantic Web?. In: Emerging Technologies For Semantic Work Environments,
 Eyal Oren, Sebastian Schaffert, and Max Völkel: Personal Knowledge Management with Semantic Technologies. In: Emerging Technologies For Semantic Work Environments,
 Sebastian Schaffert, Andreas Gruber, and Rupert Westenthaler: A Semantic Wiki for Collaborative Knowledge Formation. In: Semantics 2005, Vienna, Austria, November 2005 (published by Trauner Verlag, 2006).
 Sebastian Schaffert: IkeWiki: A Semantic Wiki for Collaborative Knowledge Manage- ment. In: 1st International Workshop on Semantic Technologies in Collaborative Applications STICA 06, Manchester, UK, June 2006.
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse, and Sebastian Schaffert: The Web and Semantic Web Query Language Xcerpt. In: Semantic Web Factbook, 2006
 Sebastian Schaffert, Diana Bischof, Tobias Bürger, Andreas Gruber, Wolf Hilzensauer,and Sandra Schaffert: Learning with Semantic Wikis. In: First Workshop “SemWiki2006 – From Wiki to Semantics”, co-located with the 3rd Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), Budva, Montenegro, 11 – 14 June 2006
 N. Ferran, J. Minguillón, M. Pascual, C. Barraga ́n, A. Canals, G. Geser, A. Gruber, V. Hornung-Prähauser, S. Schaffert, P. Baumgartner, V. Naust-Schulz, L. Pullich, S. Lam- minnen, A. Koivisto, T. Va ̈liharju: The Concept of Open Educational Resources as Instrument for Implementing Lifelong Learning Strategies at Higher and Further Education Institutions. In: EDEN 2006 Annual Conference, Vienna, June 2006
 Sebastian Schaffert, Rupert Westenthaler, and Andreas Gruber: IkeWiki: A User-Friendly Semantic Wiki. In: 3rd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC06) – Demonstrations Track, Budva, Montenegro, June 2006
 Wolf Hilzensauer, Veronika Hornung-Prähauser, and Sebastian Schaffert: Requirements for Personal Development Planning in ePortfolios supported by Semantic Web Technology. In: I-Know 2006, Graz, Austria, September 2006
 Sebastian Schaffert: Semantic Social Software: Semantically Enabled Social Software or Socially Enabled Semantic Web?. August 2006
 Max Völkel and Sebastian Schaffert: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Semantic Wikis – From Wiki to Semantics. CEUR Workshop Proceedings Vol. 206, , June 2006
 Sebastian Schaffert and York Sure: Semantic Systems: From Visions to Applications – Proceedings of the SEMANTICS 2006. OCG Books, , November 2006
 Franc ̧ois Bry, Tim Furche, Liviu Badea, Christoph Koch, Sebastian Schaffert, and Sacha Berger: Querying the Web Reconsidered: Design Principles for Versatile Web Query Languages. In: Journal of Semantic Web and Information Systems, 2005
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, Oliver Bolzer, Tim Furche, Sebastian Schaffert, and Christoph Wieser: Querying the standard and Semantic Web using Xcerpt and visXcerpt. In: Proceedings of European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC’05), Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 2005
 James Bailey, François Bry, Tim Furche, and Sebastian Schaffert: Web and Semantic Web Query Languages: A Survey. In: Reasoning Web, First International Summer School 2005 (LNCS 3564), Malta, July 2005.
 ErichSchubert, Sebastian Schaffert, and François Bry: Structure-Preserving Difference Search for XML Documents. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2005, Montréal, Québec, Canada, August 2005.
 S. Schaffert, F. Bry, P. Besnard, H. Decker, S. Decker, C. Enguix, A. Herzig: Paraconsistent Reasoning for the Semantic Web (Position Paper). In: Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web (URSW05) at ISWC05, Galway, Ireland, November 2005.
 Grigoris Antoniou, Matteo Baldoni, Cristina Baroglio, Robert Baumgartner, François Bry, Thomas Eiter, Nicola Henze, Marcus Herzog, Wolfgang May, Viviana Patti, Roman Schindlauer, Hans Tompits, and Sebastian Schaffert: Reasoning Methods for Personalization on the Semantic Web. In: Annals of Mathematics, Computing & Teleinformatics 2 (1), 1-24, 2004
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, Oliver Bolzer, Tim Furche, Dan Olteanu, Sebastian Schaffert, and Christoph Wieser: Xcerpt and visXcerpt: Twin Query Languages for the Semantic Web. Demonstration at 3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2004), Hiroshima, Japan (7–11 November 2004)
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, Bernhard Lorenz,Hans Jürgen Ohlbach, Paula-Lavinia Patranjan, Sebastian Schaffert, Uta Schwertel, and Stephanie Spranger: Reasoning on the Web: Language Prototypes and Perspectives. In: Proceedings of European Workshop on the Integration of Knowledge, Semantics and Digital Media Technology (EWIMT 2004), London, UK (25–26 November 2004)
 Hans Jürgen Ohlbach and Sebastian Schaffert (editors): Proceedings of Workshop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning (PPSWR’04). St. Malo, France (6–10 September 2004), Springer-Verlag LNCS 3208
 François Bry, Tim Furche, Paula-Lavinia Patranjan, and Sebastian Schaffert: Data Retrieval and Evolution on the (Semantic) Web: A Deductive Approach. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning (PPSWR’04), St. Malo, France (6–10 September 2004), Springer-Verlag LNCS 3208
 François Bry, Paula-Lavinia Patranjan, and Sebastian Schaffert: Xcerpt and XChange: Logic Programming Languages for Querying and Evolution on the Web. In: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP’04), St. Malo, France (6–10 September 2004), Springer-Verlag LNCS
 François Bry, Sebastian Schaffert, and Paula-Lavinia Patranjan: Xcerpt and XChange: Deductive Languages for Data Retrieval and Evolution on the Web. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Semantic Web Services and Dynamic Networks (SWSDN2004), Ulm, Germany (22–24 September 2004)
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, and Sebastian Schaffert: Xcerpt et visXcerpt : Langages déductifs d interrogation du Web. In: Proceedings of Treiziemes Journées Francophones de Programmation en Logique et Programmation par Contraintes (JFPLC’2004), Angers, France (21–23 June 2004)
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, and Sebastian Schaffert: Xcerpt und visXcerpt: deduktive Anfragesprachen fu ̈r das Web. In: Proceedings of 16. Workshop Grundlagen von Daten- banken, Monheim am Rhein, Germany (1–4 June 2004)
 Sebastian Schaffert and François Bry: Querying the Web Reconsidered: A Practical Introduction to Xcerpt. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2004, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (2–6 August 2004)
 François Bry, Sebastian Schaffert, and Andreas Schro ̈der: A contribution to the Semantics of Xcerpt, a Web Query and Transformation Language. In: Proceedings of 18th Workshop on (Constraint) Logic Programming (WLP), Potsdam, Germany (14–16 March 2004), Springer-Verlag LNAI 3392
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, and Sebastian Schaffert: A Visual Language for Web Querying and Reasoning. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning (ICLP03), Mumbai, India (9–13 December 2003), Springer-Verlag LNCS 2901
 François Bry and Sebastian Schaffert: An Entailment Relation for Reasoning on the Web. In: Proceedings of Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web (RuleML’03), Sanibel Island (Florida), USA (20 October 2003), Springer-Verlag LNCS
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, Sebastian Schaffert, and Christoph Wieser: Xcerpt and visXcerpt: From Pattern-Based to Visual Querying of XML and Semistructured Data. In: Pro- ceedings of 29th Intl. Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB03), Berlin, Germany (9–12 September 2003)
 Sacha Berger, François Bry, and Sebastian Schaffert: Pattern Queries for XML and Semistructured Data. In: Proceedings of 17. Workshop Logische Programmierung (WLP), Dresden, Germany (11–13 December 2002)
 François Bry and Sebastian Schaffert: Towards a Declarative Query and Transformation Language for XML and Semistructured Data: Simulation Unification. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP), Copenhagen, Denmark (29 July - 1 August 2002), Springer-Verlag LNCS 2401
 François Bry and Sebastian Schaffert: A Gentle Introduction into Xcerpt, a Rule-based Query and Transformation Language for XML. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Rule Markup Languages for Business Rules on the Semantic Web (RuleML 2002), Sardinia, Italy (14 June 2002)
 François Bry and Sebastian Schaffert: The XML Query Language Xcerpt: Design Principles, Examples, and Semantics. In: Web, Web-Services, and Database Systems, Proceedings of 2nd Annual International Workshop ”Web and Databases”, Erfurt, Germany (9–10 October 2002), Springer-Verlag LNCS 2593
 François Bry, Michael Kraus, Dan Olteanu, and Sebastian Schaffert: Aktuelles Schlagwort: Semistrukturierte Daten. Informatik-Lexikon der GI, Informatik Spektrum 24 (4), 230–233, August 2001
 François Bry, Dan Olteanu, and Sebastian Schaffert: Grouping Constructs for Semistructured Data. In: Proceedings of Workshop at Dexa’01 (WebH2001), Munich, Germany (3 September 2001)

References

External links
 [ Sebastian Schaffert's personal homepage]
 Sebastian Schaffert, Grouping Structures for Semistructured Data: Enhancing, Data Modelling and Data Retrieval, April 2001
 Sebastian Schaffert, Xcerpt: A Rule-Based Query and Transformation Language for the Web, October 2004

Category:1976 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Category:People from Bavaria
Category:German computer scientists


Kaizuka Station (Fukuoka)

is a terminal of the Nishitetsu Kaizuka Line and the Fukuoka City Subway Hakozaki Line in Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It's subway station's symbol mark is a brown conch which because Kaizuka's initials Chinese character  means seashell and spiral is suggestive of  transportation's junction.

The subway line coming from the city center terminates at this station and the Nishitetsu train line continues to Nishitetsu Kashii Station and Nishitetsu Shingū Station.

Adjacent Stations

External links

 Fukuoka City Subway station information
 Nishitetsu station information

Category:Fukuoka City Subway
Category:Hakozaki Line
Category:Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Category:Railway stations opened in 1950


Auric Air

Auric Air Services Limited is a small privately owned airline based in Tanzania, Operating from Mwalimu Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA) Dar-es-salaam, Arusha Airport and Mwanza Airport. The Company offers scheduled flights to 42 Destinations  within East Africa as well as on demand private non-scheduled air charter.

Destinations
Scheduled flights are operated to the following destinations:

Fleet

Auric Air fleet consists of the following seventeen aircraft (as of August 2019):

{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ Auric Air Fleet
|- bgcolor=#333366
!Aircraft
!In Service
|-
|width="150px" |Cessna 208B
|width="100px" |5
|-
|width="150px" |Cessna 208B-EX
|width="100px" |12
|-
!Total
!17
|}

Accidents and incidents

 On 23 September 2019, a Cessna 208 Grand Caravan, registration number 5H-AAM, was damaged beyond repair when it crashed shortly after takeoff from Seronera Airstrip, under unclear circumstances. The pilot, Nelson Mabeyo, and the other passenger who was a student pilot both died in the crash.

References

External links
 Official website

Category:Airlines of Tanzania
Category:Airlines established in 2001
Category:2001 establishments in Tanzania


Singapore national basketball team

The Singapore national basketball team is the national team for Singapore in basketball. It is  managed by the Basketball Association of Singapore (BAS), formerly the Singapore Amateur Basketball Association (SABA).

At the Asian Basketball Championship, the country had its greatest success between 1971 and 1993 when it qualified for 12 straight events.
Since 2001, the team has been one of the contenders at the Southeast Asian Basketball Championship. There, the team has won two bronze medals to date.

In 1956, the team qualified for the Summer Olympics where it finished ahead of Asian rivals South Korea and Thailand.

Recent Developments
On 5 June 2009, a "quiet revolution" took place in Singapore national men's basketball team. The team previously representing Singapore was replaced by young talents of the likes of Wei Jian Hong, Steven Khoo, Desmond Oh and Wei Long Wong, with only two senior players from the old squad retained: Pathman Matialakan and Michael Wong. Most of the national team players now play for the Singapore Slingers, the island's only professional basketball club.

2011 Southeast Asian Games
The Singapore Men's National team left for the 2011 SEA Games having had the best preparation for a major tournament in the past 5 years. On 30 September to 1 October 2011, represented by most of the national team players, the Singapore Slingers was invited for the inaugural Cable Beach Invitational at Broome, Australia, where they played the Perth Wildcats and the Indonesia national basketball team. On 5 October 2011, the National team proceeded to play the Perth Redbacks of the Australian SBL. From 25–31 October 2011, the team competed in the 4th China-Asean Invitational Tournament, of which they finished 3rd overall in the competition.

After disappointing close losses to Malaysia and Indonesia, the team finished 5th at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games.

Performances

Summer Olympics

Fiba Asia Cup

Team

Current roster
Singapore roster at the 2019 SEA Games
Roster at the 2019 SEA Games.

Past roster
Scroll down to see more.
Roster for the 2017 SEABA Championship.

Depth chart

Roster at the FIBA Asia Cup 2021 Pre-Qualifiers (Eastern Region).

Head coach position
 Beng Siang Neo (2006, 2009)
 So Kwang Loong (2014)
 Beng Siang Neo (2015)
 Neo Nam Kheng (2016)
 Frank Arsego(2016–2018)
 Hsu Tung Ching (2018-present)

Kit

Manufacturer
2015: Kappa

See also
 Singapore women's national basketball team
 Singapore national under-19 basketball team
 Singapore national under-17 basketball team
 Singapore national 3x3 team

References

External links
 Official website
 FIBA profile
 Asia-Basket.com
 Archived records of Singapore team participations

Category:National basketball teams
team
Category:Basketball teams in Singapore
Basketbal
Category:1963 establishments in Singapore


Chrysoecia gladiola

Chrysoecia gladiola is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It was first described by William Barnes in 1907 and it is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Chrysoecia gladiola is 9763.

References

Further reading

Category:Amphipyrinae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Moths described in 1907


Ochna pulchra

Ochna pulchra, also known as Lekkerbreek (Afrikaans 'breaking easily', i.e. 'brittle'), is a small deciduous southern African tree up to 5 m, commonly found on deep sandy soil and rocky slopes, and belonging to the tropical family of Ochnaceae, which is widespread in Asia and Africa.

Description
Its bark is distinctive, peeling in thin flakes to expose creamy-white underbark, similar in appearance to that of Corymbia maculata, guava or Pride-of-India.

Spring foliage has an oily appearance to the surface and ranges from light green to bronze or bright red, turning to a fresh, shiny green when mature. Lemon-yellow flowers appear in great abundance in spring, the persistent yellow-green calyx turning pink then bright red. The fruit, a kidney-shaped drupe, is initially green maturing to black.

Range
The tree occurs in the central Transvaal and northern Kruger National Park, extending further to Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Angola, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

It is an indicator species of so-called Gifveld, that is veld where the toxic Dichapetalum cymosum is present, which is small and easily overlooked.

Gallery

References

Bibliography

Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park - Schmidt, Lötter & McCleland (Jacana Books, Johannesburg, 2002)
Trees and Shrubs of the Witwatersrand - Tree Society of Southern Africa (Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 1969)
Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of the Witwatersrand & Pretoria Region - van Wyk & Malan (Struik, Cape Town, 1988)
 Field Guide to the Trees of South Africa - van Wyk & van Wyk, 1997,

pulchra
Category:Trees of South Africa
Category:Trees of Angola
Category:Flora of Zambia
Category:Flora of Mozambique
Category:Trees of Botswana


The Hidden Hand (band)

The Hidden Hand was a stoner/doom band from Maryland formed in 2002.

Biography
The Hidden Hand was a trio formed by Scott "Wino" Weinrich (guitar and vocals) and  Bruce Falkinburg (bass and vocals) and included 3 different drummers. Weinrich had previously been a member of such bands as The Obsessed, Saint Vitus, Spirit Caravan and Place of Skulls.  Falkinburg is a professional recording engineer, and his Phase Studios has been the commission site of works by Clutch, Sixty Watt Shaman and Stinking Lizaveta. The band released their debut 7" single De-Sensitized in late 2002, which was quickly followed by their first album Divine Propaganda in 2003. This was followed by a split LP/CD with Washington, D.C. band Wooly Mammoth released to coincide with their appearance at the Emissions from the Monolith festival. Their second full-length, Mother Teacher Destroyer, was released on Southern Lord Records in 2004. After the release of the LP, original drummer Dave Hennessy left the band to focus more time on his band, Ostinato, and was replaced by Evan Tanner. In 2006 drummer Evan Tanner left the band after recording their latest effort, The Resurrection of Whiskey Foote and was replaced by Matt Moulis, who has played in DC area bands Medic and Bison.

Their music is a slight departure in style for Weinrich in that more psychedelic influences are evident. Lyrically, the band deals with politics, history and spirituality. In contrast to his previous bands, Wino has said that The Hidden Hand is political which is reflected in the lyrics.

The band split up in August 2007.

Members
Scott "Wino" Weinrich – guitar & vocals
Bruce Falkinburg – bass & vocals
Matt Moulis – drums
Dave Hennessy – drums
Evan Tanner – drums

Discography

Albums
Divine Propaganda CD/LP (MeteorCity Records/Exile On Mainstream Records(UK)/Beard of Stars Records (LP) 2003)
Mother Teacher Destroyer CD/LP (Southern Lord Records/Exile On Mainstream Records(UK) 2004)
The Resurrection of Whiskey Foote CD/LP (Southern Lord Records 2007/Doomentia Records (LP) 2009)

EPs
"De-sensitized" 7" (McCarthyism Records 2002)
Night Letters CDEP/12"EP split with Wooly Mammoth (MeteorCity Records/McCarthyism Records 2004)
Devoid of Colour CDEP (Southern Lord Records 2005)

Compilation appearances
 "Rebellion" on Doom Capital CD (2004 Crucial Blast Records)
 "Falconstone" on High Volume (The Stoner Rock Collection) CD (2004 High Times Records)
 "Half Mast" on Music from Time and Space Vol. 11 CD (2004 Sysyphus Records)
 "Someday Soon" on Darkness Knows No Boundaries CD (2006 Southern Lord Records)
 "Vulcans' Children" on Darkness Hath No Boundaries CD (2006 Southern Lord Records)
 "Five Points" on ...And Back to Earth Again. Ten Years of MeteorCity 3CD (2007 MeteorCity Records)
 "Dark Horizons" on Within the Church of Thee Overlords CD (2007 Southern Lord Records)
 "Coffin Lily" on Worship the Riff CD (2007 Exile on Mainstream)

References

External links
 MeteorCity

Category:American doom metal musical groups
Category:Heavy metal musical groups from Maryland
Category:Stoner rock musical groups
Category:American musical trios
Category:Musical groups established in 2002
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2007
Category:2002 establishments in Maryland


Goat tying

Goat tying is a rodeo event that is typically seen in youth, high school and college rodeos in which the participant rides to a tethered goat, dismounts, catches, throws, and ties any three of its legs together. The goat must stay tied for six seconds after the contestant has backed away from the animal. If the goat becomes untied before six seconds have passed, the rider receives no score.  A participant may be disqualified for undue roughness while handling the goat, touching the goat after the tie, or after signaling completion of the tie a contestant's horse coming in contact with the goat or tether while the contestant still has control of the horse.

The event is not seen in professional rodeo, but is a common event seen at youth, high school rodeo and intercollegiate rodeo levels.  In most cases it is considered a women's event.

Event
The object is to race to the end of the rodeo arena to where a goat is staked out on a  rope, catch the goat, throw it to the ground and tie three of its feet together. The distance from the starting line to the stake varies, but is usually 100 feet or so. Contestants dismount their horse while it is sliding to a stop, though usually while still in motion, run to the staked-out goat, which must be taken to the ground and laid on its side in order to tie three of its legs together.  The rope used is a nylon or cotton rope with an approximate length of four feet, called a "string."  There are two main types of strings, rope and braided. Rope strings come in 2 and 3 ply, meaning 2 or 3 strands of rope are twisted to create the goat tying string, this type is generally less flexible and most common among contestants. The braided string is a flimsy type, though more flexible, resembling a thick braided shoelace. Beeswax or rosin is used to preserve the longevity of the string and help the tie hold longer.  When the goat is tied, contestants signal the end of their run by throwing their hands up and getting off the goat to indicate the completion of the run. The contestant with the fastest time wins.

There are penalties that may be added to the contestant's run at the judge’s discretion, including disqualification if the goat comes untied during the 6 second tie period, and a 10-second penalty (depending on the rodeo sanctioning organization) added to a time if the horse crosses the staked rope of the goat or causes the goat to become loose.  If the contestant touches the goat or string after indicating that they are finished, they will receive a no time. Also, after the contestant is finished tying, they must move at least three feet away from the goat.

Goat tying is typically done by girls in high school and college rodeo and by both boys and girls in junior or youth rodeos.  Depending on the level of competition, a winning time could be in the range of seven to nine seconds.

See also
Rodeo
Barrel racing
Breakaway roping
Dally Ribbon Roping
Steer riding
Mutton busting

References

External links
National Little Britches Rodeo Goat Tying.
http://www.nhsra.com/

Category:Rodeo events
Category:Mounted games
Category:Goats


Lebanese Air Force

The Lebanese Air Force (LAF) (, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Lubnaniyya) is the aerial warfare branch of the Lebanese Armed Forces. The seal of the air force is a Roundel with two wings and a Lebanese Cedar tree, surrounded by two laurel leaves on a blue background.

History
The Lebanese Air Force were established in 1949 under the command of then-Lieutenant Colonel Emile Boustany who later became commander of the army. Soon after its establishment, a number of aircraft were donated by the British, French, and Italian governments. Britain donated 4 Percival Prentices and 2 World War II-era Percival Proctors, while Italy donated 4 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 bombers which were mainly used for transportation.
In 1953, jet fighters were introduced when 16 de Havilland Vampire jets were received. The first Hawker Hunters arrived in 1959 and were followed by additional fighters through 1977. In 1968, 12 Mirage IIIELs were delivered from France but were grounded in the late 1970s due to lack of funds. In 2000, the grounded Mirages were sold to Pakistan.

In the absence of advanced fighter aircraft, the air force currently relies on a helicopter force, a squadron of Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano, and three Cessna AC 208s for the reconnaissance and ground attack roles.

Combat history

The Lebanese Air Forces have a long history operating Hawker Hunter jets since 1958. A Lebanese Hawker Hunter shot down an Israeli jet over Kfirmishki in the early 1960s and its pilot was captured by the Lebanese Armed Forces. One Lebanese Hawker Hunter was shot down on the first day of the Six-Day War by an Israeli Air Force Mirage IIICJ. The Hawker Hunters have not flown any combat sorties since September 17, 1983. This was at a time when the French and Americans were rebuilding the Lebanese Army. Three F.Mk.70s were made airworthy, and resumed combat operations on September 15. Because the main airfield, Rayak Air Base, had been shelled by Syrian forces, the Hunters had to operate from an airfield in Byblos. The Hunters were finally grounded in 1994 after a minor accident with one of the T.66 trainers during landing and the remaining 8 were stored in Rayak. The last loss took place in 1989 near Batroun during routine training, when the undercarriage failed to lower, causing the jet to crash. The pilot ejected safely from the doomed aircraft and landed in the Mediterranean sea, where he was promptly rescued by the Syrian Army, which then handed him over to Suleiman Frangieh, who in turn handed him over to the Lebanese Army at the al-Madfoun crossing.

During operations in the Nahr el-Bared camp in North Lebanon, lacking any airworthy, fixed-wing strike aircraft, the Lebanese Army modified several UH-1H Huey helicopters to permit the carrying of 500 pound Mark 82 and 1000 pound Mark 83 bombs (all unguided iron bombs, also known as dumb bombs) as well as Matra SNEB 68 mm rocket pods (taken from stored Hawker Hunters). Special mounting pads engineered by the Lebanese Army were attached to each Huey on the sides and belly to carry the bombs. The air force, in collaboration with the engineering regiment, developed and used two dumb bomb variants, the 250 kg LAF-GS-ER2 and the 400 kg LAF-GS-ER3. Usually, helicopters cannot bomb using this method, in comparison to ground attack aircraft, so this became one of the rare moments in history during which helicopters were used in such a way. The Lebanese Army also made extensive use of Aérospatiale Gazelles armed with Euromissile HOT anti-tank guided missiles and machine gun pods.

The Lebanese air force played a decisive role throughout the Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon, conducting surveillance operations and precision attacks against terrorist groups Al-Nusra Front and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant who had invaded the border town of Arsal in 2014 and subsequently kept positions along the outskirts of Arsal and al-Qaa, keeping them at bay and severely hindering their movement. Most notably, the air force put their AC-208 Combat Caravans to effective use during the Dawn of the Outskirts operation in 2017, striking terrorist targets with AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and, in a rare display of joint warfare tactics by different branches of the Lebanese Armed Forces, using their laser designators to pinpoint high-value targets for M712 Copperhead shells being used by the First Artillery Regiment deployed along the front.

Air bases

The Lebanese Air Force has four bases:

 Beirut Air Base, Beirut International Airport (OLBA)
 Fourth Squadron
 Fifth Squadron
 Twelfth Squadron
 Sixteenth Squadron

 Rayak Air Base (OLRA)
 First Squadron
 Eighth Squadron
 Fifteenth Squadron

 Kleyate Air Base (OLKA)
 Tenth Squadron
 Eleventh Squadron
 Fourteenth Squadron

 Hamat Air Base
 Seventh Squadron
 Ninth Squadron

Squadrons

First squadron
Employs: Scottish Aviation Bulldog

Fourth Squadron
Employs: AC-208B Combat Caravan with the Cessna 414

Fifth Squadron
Employs: Agusta Bell AB 212

Seventh Squadron
Employs: Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano

Eighth Squadron
Employs: Aerospastiale SA-342 Gazelle

Ninth Squadron
Employs: IAR-330 SM Puma with the presidential AW 139

Tenth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H

Eleventh Squadron
Employs: UH-1H

Twelfth Squadron
Employs: Huey 2

Fourteenth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H
The helicopters of this squadron are on loan from the squadrons at Kleyate Air Base.

Fifteenth Squadron
Employs: Robinson Raven R44 II
The squadron is part of the Aviation School, which is also based at Rayak.

Sixteenth Squadron
Employs: Sikorsky S-61N MkII

Current inventory

References

Category:Military of Lebanon
Category:Air forces by country
Category:Military units and formations established in 1949
Category:1949 establishments in Lebanon


Independent Democrats

The Independent Democrats (ID) was a South African political party, formed by former Pan Africanist Congress member Patricia de Lille in 2003 via floor crossing legislation. The party's platform is premised on opposition to corruption, with a mixture of liberal principles and strategies for improving equity. The party's strongholds were the Northern and Western Cape.

On 15 August 2010, the party announced plans to merge with the larger Democratic Alliance as part of a plan to challenge the governing African National Congress (ANC). The party disbanded as a separate political organization in 2014.

2009 election manifesto
Ahead of the national elections in 2009, the ID launched a manifesto promising that, if elected to power, they would increase the staffing of the South African Police Service to 200,000, enlist 5,000 caseworkers to operate in crime-stricken communities, make South Africa a leader in renewable energy and finance a minimum social grant by taxing luxury goods, tobacco and alcohol. In addition they vowed that an "ID government would fire a minister whose department received a qualified audit two years in a row."

Merger with DA
In 2010 ID leader Patricia de Lille formalized an agreement to merge with the Democratic Alliance. The two parties will be fully merged by 2014. Due to this, the ID did not contest the 2011 local elections as a separate entity, instead fielding its candidates on the DA's ballots. In February 2012 DA parliamentary leader Lindiwe Mazibuko reshuffled her shadow cabinet, which included appointing members of the ID to shadow portfolios for the first time. This was seen as a move towards strengthening the co-operation between the two parties heading towards the completion of the merger.

Election results

National elections

Municipal elections

See also

Liberalism in South Africa

References

General
 Hartley, Aziz. "ID releases election manifesto." Cape Times, 2 February 2009 in literature: 4.

External links

Independent Democrats (official site)

Category:Democratic Alliance (South Africa)
Category:Liberal parties in South Africa
Category:Defunct liberal political parties
Category:Defunct political parties in South Africa
Category:Political parties established in 2003
Category:Political parties disestablished in 2014
Category:Political parties in South Africa created by floor crossing
Category:2003 establishments in South Africa


Digital ticket

A digital ticket is a virtual instance of a ticket which represents the digitization of rights to claim goods or services.

Criteria
A digital ticket must fulfill the following criteria:
 Secure (unable to alter or counterfeit)
 Portable (physical independence)
 Off-line capable
 Wide acceptability (In order to have the ticket generally accepted, some level of trust is needed.)
 User-friendly

In addition, another three requirements are also important for digital tickets, they are:
 Viewable
The terms and description of the service should be objectively understood by both the service provider and consumer or owner, so the value of the ticket can be determined. Moreover, this is an essential property to trace the digital ticket.

 State manageable
Tickets may also have a payment status, i.e., paid or unpaid, and/or reservation status, e.g., waiting list, reserved, or canceled. The status may be changed dynamically. In addition, the ticket ownership can be rewritten when the ticket is transferred. However, it is difficult to allow these changes while still guaranteeing security.

 (De)Composable
Combining two or more tickets is sometimes required to obtain a service or one ticket may comprise several parts. For example, a travel ticket can comprise an accommodation ticket and a plane ticket or a car rent ticket.

Besides the criteria mentioned above, there are still several features that should be concerned, such as anonymity, transferability and  repetitive usability.

Lifecycle
The ticket is first issued by the service provider or issuer. The ownership of a ticket may change after it was issued, by transferring the ticket. Either the issuer or owner of ticket might view the status of the ticket. Finally, it is redeemed by the current owner at the service provider.

Creation
From creator's point of view, each digital ticket has certain structure, this could be expressed in a multilayer architecture depicted as follows:

Layer 1

Common ticket properties that do not depend on the ticket type:
 Issuer
 Promise (Details are given in upper layers)
 Owner
 Transferability
 Number of times to be consumed
 Valid period
 View
 Issuer's signature on above

Layer 2
Ticket properties defined by each industry

Layer 3
Ticket properties defined by each issuing company or individual

Transfer
Depending on the purpose of the ticket, it may be transferred. During the transfer process, the ticket should be visible to both parties involved. After the transfer process is done, the ownership of ticket has changed. The history of transfer should be recorded in either the ticket itself or the central database.

View
Ability to view the ticket is important to both the service provider and the owner of the ticket. The owner needs to know what his ticket actually is and the service provider needs to verify the ticket during redemption. The view could be achieved by properly designed hardware.

Redemption
A digital ticket always has certain value that could be redeemed at service provider. Normally after redeeming, the ticket is cleaned. Some tickets work for a period, and will only be deleted after this period. In the special case when the ticket isn't given away after redeeming, it is called a pass.6957429665396

Implementation
In order to make an implementation of the digital ticket system, a combination of two paradigms can be used. The first is the account-based system, which relies on central storage and network connections. The second is the smartcard-based system, which uses decentralized storage to store and transfer the ticket.

Account-based system
In an account-based system for tickets, the rights of the tickets are managed in accounts. Ticket changes in accounts can be made by communicating with a so-called account manager through a network. The trust in these systems can be seen from the service provider's and user's perspective, in which the former generally manages the whole system. This leads to an imbalanced trust relationship. Two other disadvantages of these systems are the need for protection of accounts against malicious users and the relatively large efforts that need to be done to store all the accounts for both the users and the service provider.

Storage
Generally, the storage and maintaining tasks of the account are assigned to the service provider. This leads to costs and efforts on his side. In some cases these systems could be shared by different service providers, but a need to make general agreements remains. Since the service provider normally has full control over the accounts, tickets could be deleted or altered and after that refuse to fulfill the service the initial ticket stands for.

Authentication
Typically ID and password are used in account-based systems to authenticate a user. This does not prevent fraud by the service provider. Several digital-cash systems deal with this by having a secret key generated at the user's PC, which remains out of hands of the service provider. This, however, is not sufficient when tickets are redeemed at the real service provider.

Prevention of duplicate redemption
Since the account management is completely in control of the service providers, unwanted actions such as copying tickets can easily be detected and traced back by them.

Smart card-based system
In smart card-based systems, tickets are stored on a smart card and are circulated by putting two smart cards in a reader and completing the transaction. The smart card itself takes care of the calculations that need to be done for safe transferring.

Storage
Tickets are stored on the smart cards. The smart cards can be provided by both the users and the service providers. The performance of current smart cards is limited, which makes asynchronous trading difficult. Different service providers are likely to use different standards, which makes it mandatory to have a different smart cards for different kinds of tickets. It is very useful to passengers.

Authentication
A secret key can be implemented in the smart card, which makes it possible to carry the card around and redeem a ticket without using a network connection. When the service provider distributes and issues the private keys on these cards, fraud from malicious service providers is still an issue. This also makes it hard for different service providers
to share a smart card.

Prevention of duplicate redemption
Storage is generally maintained by the service provider. The smart card needs to be protected against multiplication. However, if the system is broken security is completely lost.

See also
 Ecash
 Electronic money
 Electronic ticket

References

External links
 Bus tickets go mobile

Category:Digital currencies


Arfa

Arfa () is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Arfa had a population of 590 in the 2004 census.

References

Category:Populated places in Hama District


Kwun Tong Maryknoll College

Kwun Tong Maryknoll College (KTMC;) is a Catholic boys' secondary school in Hong Kong. It was founded in 1971. It was established by the Maryknoll Fathers, a society of Catholic priest and brothers which was founded in the United States in 1911. The college's anniversary day is the first Friday in May.

Kwun Tong Maryknoll College is one of the limited number of schools in Hong Kong which uses English as the medium of instruction. The school curriculum uses English as medium of instruction in all subjects with the exception of Chinese-related subjects.

History

Foundation

In the late 1950s, the Maryknoll Fathers had begun working in the Kwun Tong area. In 1962, the Maryknoll Father Society asked (Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America) the Education Department for assistance in building a subsidized Anglo-Chinese secondary school, Kwun Tong Maryknoll College, in Kwun Tong. The planning of the school was delayed by the unrest of the late 1960s and the serious inflation which upset all cost estimates. But eventually ground was broken in the summer of 1971 and the construction of the school building began. The school was founded finally in 1971.

Before completion of the school campus construction, students had to use the classrooms at Sing Yin Secondary School to have lessons. And unfortunately, the opening of the new school building was delayed three weeks due to the Sau Mau Ping landslide on 18 June 1972, but students were able to take possession of the new building on 25 September 1972.

School emblem
The symbol, or emblem of Kwun Tong Maryknoll College was designed by its first Supervisor, Rev. John Cioppa, M.M., using the symbol of the Maryknoll Father Society – the 'Chi-Rho'. There are two Greek letters: Chi written as 'X' and Rho written as 'P'. These two letters are the first letters of the Greek word for Christ. The round figure, or oval, represents the globe or world for whom Christ came as Saviour.

Thus, the school's symbol shows its unity with the work of the Maryknoll Fathers in many countries throughout the world, the work of bringing Christ's love to all people and races.

The Maryknoll Fathers hope that each student will honour the school emblem by leading a good, upright life and by being an instrument of God's love in a world that needs truth and love.

School theme
The school theme of the year for 2011 to 2012 is "Modesty". (凡是要謙遜、溫和、忍耐，在愛德中彼此擔待。)

2010 to 2011 is "Let your "Yes" mean "Yes" and your "No" mean "No"." (你們的話該當是：是就說是，非就說非。)

2009 to 2010 : "Let us be concerned for one another, to help one another to show love and to do good."(我們應該彼此關懷，激發愛德，勉勵行善。)

2007 to 2008 : "Live up to the School Spirit, Support One Another in Learning." (仁信謙禮忠毅 學習互動互勵。)

2005 to 2006 :"Cherish Life, Nourish Life" (熱愛生命 豐盛人生)

Headmasters and supervisors
A list of Kwun Tong Maryknoll College Supervisors since its founding in 1971.

A list of Kwun Tong Maryknoll College Principals since its founding in 1971.

Facilities
The college is  big and it is one of the biggest secondary schools in Kwun Tong District. It has 5 Laboratories (2 physics lab, 2 chemistry lab and 1 biology lab), 2 Covered Playgrounds, School Hall, Library, Lawn, Canteen, Geography Room, Art Room, Music Room, Language Room, Social Sciences Room, Cultural Subject Room, Computer Room, Computer Assisted Learning Room, Multimedia Learning Centre, Student Activities Centre, Pastoral Centre, Basketball Court, Volleyball Court and Gymnasium.

Admission
Half of the college's total Form one students admitted are from primary schools in Kwun Tong district, with the remaining from other districts like Tseung Kwan O and Wong Tai Sin district. Every year, applicants are invited to attend an admission interview which is conducted in English. Other admission selection criteria include applicants' performance in extra-curricular activities, awards, certificates. Due to good reputation and the alumni's achievement, the competition among applicants during the admission selection procedure is very keen.

Houses

At the time of admission, each student is appointed to join one of the six houses randomly. Every year, the six houses compete with one another in the annual big competitions such as Sports Day, Swimming Gala and Music Contest, to see which house would be the annual overall champion. The Houses' names are as follows:

School song
The school song was written by Mr. Lo Yui Chi; lyrics were by Rev. John Geitner. M.M.

Lyrics

With hearts and minds united,
We raise our voices strong.
To sing our school's high praises,
In chorus loud and long.

May Maryknoll's true spirit,
Our guide and strength 'ere be.
As now we join together,
All brothers, brave and free.

God's blessing be our armour;
His truth our weapon bright;
God's love shall be our banner,
Through life's long, arduous fight.

Our College calls us onward,
United, meet the foe;
As Maryknollers always,
Forward, to vict 'ry go!

College Publications

The college publishes a school yearbook and a school newspaper annually. The Student Publications Committee, part of the Student Council, is responsible for that.

Evergreen
 Evergreen, 長青, is the school newspaper of Kwun Tong Maryknoll College. Two issues are published for each academic year.

School Yearbook
The School Yearbook  for each academic year is published in September in the following school year.

Activities and achievements

Academic
Maryknollers are required to have two tests (1st – 8th test day) and two examinations (Mid Year and Final Examination) every year.

Students have consistently performed well in public examinations. In 2002, the first ever student achieving 10 distinctions (10 As), in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE), Li Ki Kwong, was produced. Li was then admitted by the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Hong Kong through the Early Admission Scheme and graduated in 2007. In 2010, the last year of HKCEE, the college produced another student achieving 10 distinctions who is called Chu Chi Ho.

Extra-curricular
The college has eight Academic Groups, 11 Recreational Groups, 2 Religious Groups and 11 Service Groups such as the Community Youth Club, the Junior Police Call, and the Youth Red Cross. It provides students with many opportunities to participate in community services through the service clubs or groups. Social services undertaken include collecting second-hand clothes, flag-selling activities for charitable purposes and visiting nursing homes. And Activity section comprises many clubs which cater for various interest groups.

In sports, Kwun Tong Maryknoll College has conquered champions in bowling, basketball, cross country, football, trampoline, softball, and swimming competitions. Besides, KTMC students also participate in other competitions, such as art, business, computer programming, drama, International Physics Olympiad, mathematics, singing, and the Hong Kong Schools Music and Speech Festival.

Alumni(Maryknollers)

Cultural
Clifton Chi-Sum Ko, 高志森, MH,  Hong Kong Film director, actor, producer and scriptwriter.
Siu Kei Chan, 陳少琪, Chinese lyricist and writer
Kei Wan Yuen, 阮紀宏, Deputy editor in chief in Ming Pao.
Wallace Kwok, 郭啟華, DJ, Chinese lyricist and writer
Gabriel Wong, 黃一山, Actor, Screenwriter
Donald Tong, 唐劍康, DJ, singer

Government
Patrick Nip, 聶德權, JP, Current Director of Social Welfare Department, former Deputy Secretary for Food and Health (Health)
Edmond Lau Ying Pan, JP. Executive Director, Monetary Management Department, Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Cadmus Kam, Programme Manager, Education Bureau

Legal
Anthony Kwok, 郭啟安, District Judge of the District Court
K.T. Kwok, 郭錦濤, Barrister-at-Law

Education and Academia
Arthur Yeung, 楊國安, Professor of China Europe International Business School, Professor of University of Michigan Business School
K.M. Luk, 陸貴文, Professor of CUHK
Randy Chau, 周家兆, Memory master, World keeper in Guinness World Records

References

External links

 Kwun Tong Maryknoll College Official Website
 College Alumni Association
 Kwun Tong Maryknoll College Library
 Kwun Tong Maryknoll College Campus Tour
 ktmc79.com

Category:Boys' schools in Hong Kong
Category:Educational institutions established in 1971
Category:Maryknoll schools
Category:Catholic secondary schools in Hong Kong
Category:Secondary schools in Hong Kong
Category:Kwun Tong


Dieu m'a donné la foi

"Dieu m'a donné la foi" (God Gave Me Faith) is a popular R&B song recorded by French singer Ophélie Winter. It was the second single from her debut album No Soucy and was released in November 1995. It achieved a huge success in France, where it topped the chart, and in Belgium (Wallonia). Although it was in fact her fourth single, it is generally considered by many people as her debut single, given that the previous three ones passed unnoticed. To date, it remains her biggest success and is her signature song.

This song has groove sonorities and is influenced by the negro spiritual. As the title suggests it, the lyrics deals with spirituality.

The song was used in 1997 French film Bouge!, in which Winter portrays a singer, and performs the song in English-language under the title "Living in Me". This version features on the English version of her album entitled Soon.

In France, "Dieu m'a donné la foi" debuted at the bottom of the chart (#49) on November 18, 1995 and regularly climbed until reaching the top ten six weeks later. It eventually hit #1 for a sole week, then dropped slowly, totalling 15 weeks in the top ten and 32 weeks on the chart. It was certified Gold disc by the SNEP and is at present the 1000th best-selling single of all time in France. In Belgium (Wallonia), the single was charted for 27 weeks from February 3, 1996, and spent 16 weeks in the top ten, four of them at number three.

Track listings
 CD single
 "Dieu m'a donné la foi" — 3:55
 "Everlasting Love" — 5:05

Certifications

Charts

References

Category:1995 singles
Category:French rhythm and blues songs
Category:French-language songs
Category:SNEP Top Singles number-one singles
Category:Ophélie Winter songs
Category:1995 songs
Category:East West Records singles


Financial Supervision Commission

The Financial Supervision Commission (FSC) () was the financial regulator of the Isle of Man.

The commission was established in 1983.  The Chairman was previously a Member of Tynwald until 2004 when legislation forbid this.

In 2015, the FSC merged with the Insurance and Pensions Authority (IPA) to form the Financial Services Authority (IOMFSA).

Chairmen
Col Dr Edgar Mann, 1983-1985
David Cannan MHK, 1986-1989
Donald Gelling, 1989-1996
Walter Gilbey, 1996-1999
Phil Braidwood MHK, 1999-2001
Alan Crowe MLC, 2001-2003
Rosemary Penn, 2004-2012
Geoff Karran, 2012-2015 - continues to be the Chairman of the IOMFSA

References

External links

Category:Economy of the Isle of Man
Category:Government of the Isle of Man
Isle of Man


2012 United States Senate election in Wyoming

The 2012 United States Senate election in Wyoming took place on November 6, 2012, alongside a U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John Barrasso won re-election to a first full term.

The primary elections were held August 21, 2012.

Background
Republican state Senator John Barrasso was appointed to the U.S. Senate on June 22, 2007, by then-governor Dave Freudenthal after U.S. Senator Craig Thomas died on June 4, 2007.

John Barrasso defeated Nick Carter with 73.4% of the vote in the 2008 special U.S. senatorial election to serve the remainder of the senatorial term. Barrasso remains highly popular in the state with 69% of voters approving of him.

Republican primary

Candidates
 John Barrasso, incumbent U.S. Senator
 Thomas Bleming, former soldier of fortune
 Emmett Mavy, management consultant

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates
 William Bryk, attorney from Brooklyn and perennial candidate
 Tim Chesnut, member of the Albany County Board of Commissioners
 Al Hamburg, retired painter and perennial candidate

Results

General election

Candidates
 John Barrasso (Republican), incumbent U.S. Senator
 Tim Chesnut (Democratic), member of the Albany County Board of Commissioners
 Joel Otto (Wyoming Country), rancher

Debates
 Complete video of debate, October 31, 2012 - C-SPAN

Predictions

Polling

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Hypothetical polling

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Results

See also
 2012 United States Senate elections
 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

References

External links
 Elections from the Wyoming Secretary of State
 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
 Outside spending at Sunlight Foundation
 Candidate issue positions at On the Issues
Campaign websites
 John Barrasso for U.S. Senate
 Joel Otto for U.S. Senate

2012
Wyoming
Senate


James K. Moorhead

James Kennedy Moorhead (September 7, 1806 – March 6, 1884) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Biography
James K. Moorhead was born in Halifax, Pennsylvania.  He served an apprenticeship at the tanner’s trade, after which he became a canal contractor. He was superintendent and supervisor on the Juniata Canal in 1828, and projected and established the first passenger packet line on the Pennsylvania Canal in 1835.

In 1838 he was appointed adjutant general of Pennsylvania. He constructed the Monongahela Navigation Canal and was president of the company for twenty-one years. He was president of the Atlantic & Ohio Telegraph Co., which later became the Western Union Telegraph Company.

In his early political career he was a Democrat, but defected to the Know Nothings shortly after the fall elections of 1854.

He was elected as a Republican to the 36th Congress and to the four succeeding Congresses. In Congress he served as chairman to Committee on Manufactures during the 38th and 39th Congresses.

He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1868. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868, and an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1880.

James K. Moorhead was the father of Pittsburgh financier Maxwell K. Moorhead, a member of the elite South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club of Johnstown Flood fame.

He was president of the chamber of commerce of Pittsburgh from 1877 until his death in 1884, aged 77.

References

External links

Category:1806 births
Category:1884 deaths
Category:American transportation businesspeople
Category:Canal executives
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Category:Politicians from Pittsburgh
Category:Pennsylvania Republicans
Category:Pennsylvania Democrats
Category:Pennsylvania Know Nothings
Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:Burials at Allegheny Cemetery
Category:19th-century American politicians


Richard Lee (Canadian politician)

Richard T. Lee (; c. 1954) is a Canadian politician. He was born in People's Republic of China in 1954. He was a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Lee served four consecutive terms for 16 years as MLA. He also served as the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.

Lee was the Liberal Party of Canada's candidate with New Democratic Party's Jagmeet Singh and Conservative Party of Canada's Jay Shin for a by-election in Burnaby South that was held on February 25, 2019.

Biography
Lee represented the riding of North Burnaby since the 2001 election.  He was re-elected in the 2005 election, 2009 election and 2013 election before being defeated in 2017. He served as Parliamentary Secretary for the Asia-Pacific Initiative from June 2005 to May 2009. Lee previously served as deputy chair of the Special Committee to Appoint a Merit Commissioner and chair of the Government Caucus Asian Economic Development Committee.

In June 2013, Lee was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for the Asia Pacific Strategy to the Minister of International Trade and Minister Responsible for the Asia Pacific Strategy and Multiculturalism.

In December 2013, Lee was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for traditional Chinese medicine.

In April 2015, a constituent in Burnaby North launched a Recall petition under the BC Elections Act. The proponent turned in less than 10% of the required number of signatures and the petition failed.

In September 2015, Lee was appointed as the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, the first MLA of Asian descent in B.C. to serve in that capacity.

Partial electoral results

References

External links
 Richard T. Lee's official MLA site
  Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, North Burnaby MLA: Richard T. Lee

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:British Columbia Liberal Party MLAs
Category:Chinese emigrants to Canada
Category:Naturalized citizens of Canada
Category:People from Burnaby
Category:People from Zhongshan
Category:21st-century Canadian politicians
Category:Canadian politicians of Chinese descent


Hasenleiten Parish Church

The Filial Church Hasenleiten () is one of the Roman Catholic churches in Vienna's 11th district of Simmering dedicated to St. John Maria Vianney, and is a listed monument.

On April 1, 2018, the parish of Hasenleiten was merged with the parishes of Neusimmering and St. Luke () to form the Parish of the Divine Love (). Since then, the Parish Church Hasenleiten has been a Filial Church of the Parish of Divine Love, and a church of the subparish of Hasenleiten.

"Emergency Church"
During World War I, the Vienna Military Hospital No. VI was located in the triangle between Hasenleitengasse - Am Kanal (former the Wiener Neustadt Canal parallel to the Aspangbahn). The barracks hospital, planned for 4,500 patients and built in 1915, included a church and was very overcrowded towards the end of the war. The intermediate walls were installed in the barracks after the war, as part of the buildings' conversion into a homeless shelter. Later, the Hasenleiten Residential Area (Wohnsiedlung Hasenleiten) was built on the site.

The church of the military hospital, made of wood in the style of Russian village churches, was built out of prefabricated components donated by a Polish company. It had a slender wooden tower, and was blessed by military curator Karl Rudolf on November 1, 1915. Following the barracks' post-war tenure as an emergency homeless shelter, the church was left deserted and devastated. However, in 1926, the Jesuit Father Peter Paul Pohl and other several men reestablished the church, and services were resumed. Several Jesuit Fathers managed the church from 1927-1934, at which point Konrad Thurnher arrived as a permanent pastor. In 1942 under Thurnher the sawbuilding area of Hasenleiten, which belonged to the Parish of St. Laurenz (Pfarre St. Laurenz) and the Parish Church of Altsimmering (), was given its own parish council, and on January 1, 1944 the area became an independent parish.

On December 19, 1959, the former military curate of Karl Rudolf, then a prelate in St. Stephan's Cathedral (Stephansdom), held the last mass in the barracks church. The barracks church was subsequently demolished.

Present-day Church
Under Thurnher, a plot of land for a new church had been acquired on the southern edge of Hasenleiten. His successors, Reverends Josef Erbher and Anton Haselhofer, continued the project to its conclusion. The new parish church was designed and built by architect Ladislaus Hruska between 1953 and 1959. It was consecrated on December 20, 1959 by Archbishop Cardinal Franz König as the first and only church dedicated to St. John Maria Viannay, the parish priest of Ars.

Pastors and Priests
 1915–1918: Karl Rudolf
 1926–1934: Peter Paul Pohl and other Jesuits
 1934–1951: Konrad Thurnher (1885–1951), a priest from Dornbirn, voluntarily went along with Josef Gorbach in order to be available for the pastoral care of workers in Vienna
 1952–1957: Josef Erber
 1957–1962: Anton Haselhofer
 1963–2000: Anton Stilling (1931–2000)
 2001–2015: Peter Hryckiewicz
 Since 2015: P. Mag. Jan Soroka, C.R.

In 1956 the Konrad-Thurnher-Gasse in Simmering was named after Pastor Thurnher.

In 2002 the Anton Stilling Square in Simmering was named after the priest Anton Stilling, the pastor of Hasenleiten. Pastor Stilling was a member of the Catholic secondary school association K.Ö.St.V. Vandalia Wien and the Catholic university association K.a.V. Danubia Wien-Korneuburg.

References

External links
 Hasenleiten Parish Church on the website of the Archdiocese of Vienna
 Homepage of the Hasenleiten Parish Church

Category:Churches in Vienna
Category:Simmering (Vienna)


(182294) 2001 KU76

, provisionally known as 2001 KU76, is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) that has a possible 6:11 resonance with Neptune.

It will come to perihelion in 2021.

Assuming a generic TNO albedo of 0.09, it is about 211 km in diameter. The assumed diameter of this object makes it a possible dwarf planet.

Resonance
Simulations by Lykawka in 2007 show that  may be librating in the 11:6 resonance with Neptune. Buie classifies it as probably in resonance, although some possible orbits do not librate.  has a semi-major axis of 45 AU and an orbital period of about 302 years.

It has been observed 29 times over 6 years and has an orbit quality code of 4.

References

External links

182294
Category:Discoveries by Marc W. Buie
20010524


Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2003

The Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2003 (c.15) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that received Royal Assent.

It was repealed in full in 2014 by the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014.

See also
 Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014
 Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies and Credit Unions Act 2010
 Industrial and provident society

References

Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2003
Category:Co-operatives in the United Kingdom


Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania

Listed here are notable ethnic groups and native populations from the Oceania (Pacific Islands and Australia) by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies.

See also
Oceania
Languages of Oceania
Demographics of Oceania
List of Oceanian countries by population

References

External links
Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation

Oceania


Beata Szymańska

Beata Szymańska (born in Puławy, Poland, on 29 January 1938) is a Polish poet and writer.

Biography
Beata Szymańska left the philosophy department of the Jagiellonian University and received her doctorate in philosophy in 1977. Several years she worked as research associate at the Jagiellonian University. In 1987, she published her book ‘’Berkeley znany i nieznany’’ that was focused

Beata Szymańska started publishing her writings of fiction in 1961.

Writings
 Sny o porządku
 Sztychy reńskie
 Trzciny
 Immanuel Kant
 Poeta i nieznane
 Co to jest struktualizm
 Wiersze
 Berkeley znany i nieznany. — Wrocław etc.: Ossolineum, 1987. — 51 s. - (Nauka dla wszystkich /Pol. akad. nauk. Oddz. w Krakowie; N 407) Bibliogr.: s.51.
 Przeżycia i uczucia jako wartości filozofii polskiego modernizmu
 Filozofia Wschodu, praca zbiorowa pod red. Beaty Szymańskiej, 2001.
 Słodkich snów Europo, 2005.
 Chiński buddyzm chan, 2009.

Sources

References

External links
 Beata Szymańska’s brief biography at the website of the Internet journal for philosophy “Nowa Krytyka”

Category:1938 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Puławy
Category:Polish women writers
Category:Polish poets
Category:Art writers
Category:Polish art historians
Category:Polish historians of philosophy
Category:George Berkeley scholars
Category:Jagiellonian University alumni
Category:Women art historians


PVLAS

PVLAS (Polarizzazione del Vuoto con LASer, "polarization of the vacuum with laser") aims to carry out a test of quantum electrodynamics and possibly detect dark matter at the Department of Physics and  National Institute of Nuclear Physics in Ferrara, Italy. It searches for vacuum polarization causing nonlinear optical behavior in magnetic fields. Experiments began in 2001 at the INFN Laboratory in Legnaro (Padua, Italy) and continue today with new equipment.

Background
Nonlinear electrodynamic effects in vacuum have been predicted since the earliest days of quantum electrodynamics (QED), a few years after the discovery of positrons. One such effect is vacuum magnetic birefringence, closely connected to elastic light-by-light interaction. The effect is extremely small and has never yet been observed directly.
Although today QED is a very well-tested theory, the importance of detecting light-by-light interaction remains. First, QED has always been tested in the presence of charged particles either in the initial state or the final state. No tests exist in systems with only photons. More generally, no interaction has ever been observed directly with only gauge bosons present in the initial and final states. Second, to date, the evidence for zero-point quantum fluctuations relies entirely on the observation of the Casimir effect, which applies to photons only. PVLAS deals with the fluctuations of virtual charged particle-antiparticle pairs (of any nature, including hypothetical millicharged particles) and therefore the structure of fermionic quantum vacuum: to leading order, it would be a direct detection of loop diagrams. Finally, the observation of light-by-light interaction would be an evidence of the breakdown of the superposition principle and of Maxwell’s equations. One important consequence of a nonlinearity is that the velocity of light would depend on the presence or not of other electromagnetic fields. PVLAS carries out its search by looking at changes in the polarisation state of a  linearly polarised laser beam after it passes through a vacuum with an intense magnetic field.  The birefringence of the vacuum in quantum electrodynamics by an external field is generally credited to Stephen L. Adler, who presented the first general derivation in  Photon splitting and photon dispersion in a strong magnetic field in 1971. Experimental investigation of the photon splitting in atomic field was carried out at the ROKK-1 facility at the Budker institute in 1993-96.

Design
PVLAS uses a high-finesse Fabry-Perot optical cavity.  The first setup, used until 2005, sent a linearly polarized laser beam through vacuum with 5T magnetic field from a superconducting magnet to an ellipsometer.  After upgrades to avoid fringe fields, several runs were done at 2.3T and 5T, excluding a prior claim of axion detection.  It was determined that an optimized optical setup was needed for discovery potential.  A prototype with much improved sensitivity was tested in 2010. In 2013 the upgraded apparatus at INFN Ferrara with permanent magnets and horizontal ellipsometer was set up and began data taking in 2014

Results
PVLAS investigated vacuum polarization induced by external magnetic fields.  An observation of the rotation of light polarization by the vacuum in a magnetic field was published in 2006.  Data taken with an upgraded setup excluded the previous magnetic rotation in 2008 and set limits on photon-photon scattering.  An improved limit on nonlinear vacuum effects was set in 2012: Ae < 2.9·10−21 T−2 @ 95% C.L.

See also
 DAMA/NaI
 DAMA/LIBRA
 CAST

External links
 PVLAS website - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) – Trieste
 OSQAR experiment – CERN

References and notes

Category:Experiments for dark matter search
Category:Particle experiments


La Riba de Escalote

La Riba de Escalote is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 25 inhabitants.

Category:Municipalities in the Province of Soria
Category:Populated places in the Province of Soria