Ulrike Baumgartner

Ulrike Baumgartner (born 12 May 1974) is an Austrian former cyclist. She won the Austrian National Road Race Championships in 1999.

References

External links

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Austrian female cyclists
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


Andrzej Kupczyk

Andrzej Kupczyk (born 26 October 1948) is a retired Polish runner who specialized in the 800 metres. In this event he finished sixth at the 1969 European Championships, and fifth at the 1970 European Indoor Championships, and won a bronze medal at the 1971 European Indoor Championships.

Nationally Kupczyk won the Polish titles in the 800 m in 1971 and 1973, and in the 1500 m in 1970. His best personal best time was 1:46.3 minutes, achieved in July 1972 at Bislett stadion. At the 1972 European Indoor Championships he won a bronze medal in 4×720 m relay, together with Zenon Szordykowski, Krzysztof Linkowski and Stanisław Waśkiewicz. He competed at the 1972 Olympic Games, finishing seventh in the 800 metres event.

He is the father of bobsledder Dawid Kupczyk.

References

Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Polish male middle-distance runners
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic athletes of Poland
Category:People from Świdnica
Category:Sportspeople from Lower Silesian Voivodeship


Greg Ballard (basketball)

Gregory Ballard (January 29, 1955 – November 9, 2016) was an American professional basketball player and NBA assistant coach. A collegiate All-American at Oregon, Ballard averaged 12.4 points and 6.1 rebounds over an eleven season NBA career with the Washington Bullets, Golden State Warriors and briefly, the Seattle Supersonics.

Early life
Born in Los Angeles to parents William Ballard and Annie Clark, Ballard had three brothers and four sisters. Ballard graduated from  Garey High School in Pomona, California in 1973, where he also played baseball. A pitcher, Ballard was selected by the Montreal Expos in the 10th round (137th overall) of the 1973 Amateur Draft.

College career

Ballard chose basketball and attended the University of Oregon, where he played in the collegiate level at the forward position.
Playing for Coach Dick Harter at Oregon, from 1973–77, Ballard played 115 career games on Oregon teams with the nickname "Kamikaze Kids," along with teammates Ernie Kent, Stu Jackson and Ron Lee.

In his career at Oregon, Ballard had 1,114 career rebounds, still the most in program history, averaging 9.7 rebounds. He averaged 15.9 points, with his 1,829 total career points, ranking fourth in school history.

Ballard set Oregon's single-game scoring record of 43 points, in a National Invitation Tournament game against Oral Roberts University on March 9, 1977.

NBA career

Washington Bullets (1977–1985)
Ballard was selected by the Washington Bullets with the 4th overall pick in the 1st round of the 1977 NBA draft, behind Kent Benson (Milwaukee Bucks), Otis Birdsong (Kansas City Kings), and Marques Johnson (Milwaukee Bucks). As a rookie in 1977–1978, Ballard averaged 4.9 points and 3.5 rebounds in 76 games as a key reserve for Coach Dick Motta, playing beside Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame inductees Wes Unseld and Elvin Hayes, along with Mitch Kupchak, Phil Chenier Bob Dandridge and Kevin Grevey. The Bullets defeated the Atlanta Hawks (2–0), San Antonio Spurs (4–2) and Philadelphia 76ers (4–2) in the Eastern Conference Playoffs.

In the 1978 NBA Finals, the Bullets defeated the Seattle SuperSonics 4–3 to capture the NBA Championship. Averaging 10 minutes per game in the series, Ballard averaged 3.7 points, 4.2 rebounds and 1.5 assists.

In 1978–1979, Ballard averaged 7.8 points, 5.5 rebounds and 1.4 assists as the Bullets finished 54–28. They defeated the Atlanta Hawks (4–3) and San Antonio Spurs (4–3) in the Eastern Conference Playoffs. In the 1979 NBA Finals, the Bullets again met the SuperSonics, but were defeated 4–1 in the rematch, as Ballard averaged 7.6 points and 5.6 rebounds in the series.

Ballard became a starter for the Bullets in 1979–1980, averaging 15.6 points, 7.8 rebounds, 1.9 assists and 1.1 steals. The Bullets lost in the first round of the playoffs to Philadelphia (2–0).

Ballard averaged 15.5 points, 7.1 rebounds and 2.4 assists under new Coach Gene Shue in 1980–1981, as Washington finished 39–43 and missed the playoffs.

Becoming the Bullets' leading scorer in 1981–1982, Ballard averaged 18.8 points along wity 8.0 rebounds, 3.2 assists and 1.7 steals. The Bullets defeated the New Jersey Nets 2–0 in the Eastern Conference playoffs before losing to the Boston Celtics with Larry Bird, Kevin McHale and Robert Parish 4–1.

Playing on the front line with Jeff Ruland  and Rick Mahorn in 1982–1983, Ballard averaged 18.0 points, 6.5 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 1.7 steals, as the Bullets finished 42–40, missing the playoffs.

Washington returned to the playoffs in 1983–1984, with Ballard averaging 14.6 points, 6.0 rebounds, 3.5 assists and 1.1 steals. The Bullets were defeated by eventual NBA Champion Boston 3–1, as Ballard averaged 16.5 points and 6.0 rebounds in the series.

Ballard averaged 13.1 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2.5 assists in 1984–1985. Washington finished 40–42, losing in the playoffs to the Philadelphia 76ers 3–1.

Golden State Warriors (1985–1987)

On June 17, 1985, Ballard was traded by the Washington Bullets to the Golden State Warriors for a 1985 2nd round draft pick (Manute Bol was later selected) and a 1987 2nd round draft pick (Duane Washington was later selected). Ballard then averaged 7.9 points, 4.8 rebounds and 1.2 assists in two seasons with Golden State and Coach George Karl as a key reserve, playing with Sleepy Floyd, Joe Barry Carroll, Chris Mullin and Terry Teagle.

Albany Patroons/Seattle SuperSonics (1988–1989)

On July 1, 1988, Ballard was released by the Golden State Warriors after not playing in 1987–1988.  In 1988–1989, He worked under Coach George Karl as a player/assistant coach with the Albany Patroons of the Continental Basketball Association and averaged 8.1 points, 5.3 rebounds with 1.4 assists per game in his 7-game career with the Albany. On February 13, 1989 he signed a 10-day contract with the Seattle SuperSonics and appeared in his final two NBA games.

In 807 career games, Ballard had career averages of 12.1 points, 6.2 rebounds, 2.2 assists and 1.1 steals.

Coaching/scouting career

Ballard became a coach and scout after his playing career ended. In 1989, Ballard was as an assistant coach for Il Messaggero Roma in Italy. Until his death, he was an assistant coach and a scout in the NBA. Ballard worked a total of 21 seasons as an assistant coach and a scout for a number of franchises, including the Atlanta Hawks, Minnesota Timberwolves and Dallas Mavericks.

Personal

Ballard died on November 9, 2016 from prostate cancer. Ballard was survived by his wife Donna, and their children, Lawrence, Gabrielle and Gregory Jr.

“I would say this about Greg Ballard – and you can ask any question you want but my opening statement would be – for a guy who played in the league for 10 years and was a good player, I found him to be one of the most humble people I have ever met in my life,” said Gary Schmidt, a colleague as a scout for the Boston Celtics. “There was no agenda, there was no attitude, there was no hey-I-played-in-the-league. He was so down to Earth and humble. Just a very good person. Always positive and upbeat.”

Honors

 Ballard was inducted into the University of Oregon Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993.
 In 1996, Ballard was inducted into the state of Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.
 Ballard was a Pac-12 Conference Hall of Honor inductee in 2009

References

External links

Category:1955 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Albany Patroons players
Category:All-American college men's basketball players
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Italy
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Atlanta Hawks assistant coaches
Category:Basketball coaches from California
Category:Basketball players from California
Category:Continental Basketball Association coaches
Category:Deaths from prostate cancer
Category:Dallas Mavericks assistant coaches
Category:Golden State Warriors players
Category:Place of death missing
Category:Minnesota Timberwolves assistant coaches
Category:Oregon Ducks men's basketball players
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:Seattle SuperSonics players
Category:Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Category:Washington Bullets draft picks
Category:Washington Bullets players


Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – 6.5 Metre

The 6.5 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics program in Ostend. Four races were scheduled. 6 sailors, on 2 boats, from 2 nation entered.

Race schedule

Course area

Weather conditions

Final results
The 1920 Olympic scoring system was used. All competitors were male.

Daily standings

Notes
 The first race on July 7 was canceled/postponed on request of the Dutch team since the France yacht was not in time cleared by Belgium customs

Other information

Sailors
During the Sailing regattas at the 1920 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:

Further reading

References

6.5 Metre
Category:6.5 Metre


Dende

Dende may refer to:
Dende (Dragon Ball), a character in Dragon Ball media
 Dende, a musical instrument used by children in Botswana, similar to the kalumbu in Zimbabwe
 Dende, a place in Nyanga Province, Gabon

People with the surname
 Cornelian Dende (1915-1996), Polish-American priest

See also
 Dende oil or palm oil


Mystic Island, New Jersey

Mystic Island (also called Mystic Islands or Mystic) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Little Egg Harbor Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 8,493.

Mystic Island is a large, mostly waterfront development originally planned as a resort community that started in the early 1960s as a waterfront community with vacation bungalows. In the past few years, however, many of the original bungalows are slowly being replaced with much larger homes on pilings that are popular in nearby beach communities such as Long Beach Island.

Early history
The area that is currently Mystic Island was once called "Hickory Island", and was serviced by the Tuckerton Railroad and one two-lane street named "Shore Road", which was later renamed "Radio Road" after the Tuckerton Wireless Tower.

The Tuckerton Wireless Tower () was built in 1912 by the German "Hochfrequenzmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie" company (The High Frequency Machine Corporation for Wireless Telegraphy, often referred to as HOMAG) when the present-day Mystic Island was called Hickory Island. The tower was used to communicate with an identical radio telegraph station in Eilvese, Germany starting on Jun 19, 1914, less than two weeks before the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.  The station continued to communicate with Eilvese until America entered World War I on April 6, 1917. It is rumored that it was used to send the message to order the attack by a German U-boat on the RMS Lusitania. After President Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality, the President ordered the US Navy to take over the station on Sep 9, 1914 to assure the neutrality of messages sent to and from the station; however, the station continued to be operated by German nationals employed by HOMAG and continued to communicate only with the Eilvese radio station. When America entered the war, all U.S. radio stations were seized and shut down by Executive Order. The Tuckerton Radio Station was assigned to the US Navy, which used it primarily to back-up the communications of the US Navy's main transatlantic radio station in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The remaining German personnel at Tuckerton became war prisoners and were replaced by Navy personnel when the U.S. entered the war. After the war, the Tuckerton Wireless Station was included in German war reparations paid to America. Shortly afterwards, it was sold to RCA, which operated it until 1948 as a backup to their Radio Central facility in Rocky Point, New York. In 1921, RCA installed two massive Alexanderson alternators, which were removed in 1948.  For transatlantic communications, the radio station operated under the call signs WCI and WGG. For coastal communications, after World War I, the station operated under the callsign WSC. The 680-foot steel tower, anchored by three large concrete blocks, was taken down on December 27, 1955. The three huge anchor blocks still exist today, in a backyard on North Ensign Drive and in the middle of South Ensign Drive and Staysail Drive. Many smaller anchor blocks providing foundations for smaller towers that supported the umbrella antenna are still visible in the lagoons. Remains of the tower can be seen in scraps at the Giffordtown Museum.

Development

After the demise of the tower, RCA sold the Hickory Island property at a sum of $55,000 to Lagoon Parks, Inc., a land development company of the 1950s and 60s, whose corporate partners are now deceased. The development was named "Mystic Islands", plural, encompassing seven small islands where the waterways were filled in to produce buildable land. Construction began slowly in 1959. The lagoons were dredged up until the early 1970s, when it was stopped by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection with the passage of CAFRA I and CAFRA II. Several unfinished lagoons can still be seen along the west end of Calabreeze Way and on the Osborn Island section. Mystic Islands only encompasses all areas south of Calabreeze Way; locals commonly refer to surrounding neighborhoods and streets as part of the community.

The first sections to be completed were the Radio Road terminus, while the Twin Lakes Boulevard section was constructed well into the 1970s. The island currently known as "Osborn Island" was dubbed by its developers as "Oceanview", which was only accessible via a bridge on Radio Road. Up until the early 1990s, all homes part of the original were addressed by a confusing lot-and-block numbering system, which were eventually replaced with more conventional house numbers. Street signs were originally on wooden posts, with the names written vertically. They were slowly replaced with more conventional street signs, one on the corner of Twin Lakes Boulevard and Mountain Lake Drive still existed well into the late 2000s. Street signs in the Oceanview section were replaced by custom signs created by the Osborn Island Resident's Association.

Some of the original bases of the Tuckerton Wireless tower were never removed. One is located in the backyard of a home on North Ensign Drive, while two stand on the middle of both Staysail Drive and South Ensign Drive, in which roundabouts were built around the blocks. Some smaller bases are also found in surrounding lagoons and marshes.

Home designs

The original home designs were basic bungalows, with 2 or 3 bedrooms and one bathroom, and a carport at the left side. The homes were intended to be sold as recreational or year round homes, as standard equipment included a furnace and Johns Manville R-7 Insulation. Over time, several more models were added, nearly a dozen during its boom period. Home designs included slab homes, raised homes, two-story, flat tops, raised roofs, etc. Two- and three-bedroom homes were also available. Model homes were located on Radio Road across from the Shops of Mystic Isle strip mall; the homes were later torn down to make way for the model homes for the Westwood development, all of which still stand and currently serve as commercial properties.

The homes were made in a warehouse on the intersection of Radio Road and Playhouse Drive, near the site of the Tuckerton Wireless tower. Buyers ordered the design by catalog, and the homes were delivered a week later. The model homes were located on Radio Road, across from the present-day "Shoppes of Mystic Isle" shopping center.

After the dredging of the lagoons was stopped, construction began on the non-waterfront section north of Calabreeze Way. The area east of Radio Road was named "Pulaski Village" and consisted of small, narrow homes, while the much larger section west of Radio Road, named "Westwood", contained suburban-style ranches and split-level homes. While these areas are not officially called "Mystic Islands", some homes of the original bungalow designs were constructed in these outlying areas, while at the same time, the larger, suburban homes were also offered on the original waterfront lots. However, tough economic times halted the development of the Westwood subdivision. In the early-1990s, development resumed in this unfinished area, when the empty lots were filled in with mid-size suburban homes built by several different developers. Homes on Oneida Lake Drive and Greenwood Lake Drive are part of the Noble Homes community titled "Fairwinds", while most homes from Mountain Lake Drive and north were dubbed "Drewes Landing". However, Drewes Landing was plagued with failed loans and racketeering, and in August 1995, one of the developers and investors, 35-year-old Joseph G. Paggi Jr. killed himself after he failed to pay back loans for the development.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Mystic Island had a total area of 7.701 square miles (19.945 km2), including 6.925 square miles (17.935 km2) of land and 0.776 square miles (2.010 km2) of water (10.08%).

Demographics

Census 2010

Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 8,694 people, 3,485 households, and 2,453 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 440.5/km2 (1,141.1/mi²). There were 4,962 housing units at an average density of 251.4/km2 (651.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.51% White, 0.68% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.22% of the population.

There were 3,485 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $41,674, and the median income for a family was $47,372. Males had a median income of $38,654 versus $27,420 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,737. About 4.4% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

Recreation

During the boom period of Mystic Island, there were several social centers and amenities. In the Oceanview section of the resort community, there was formerly a 9-hole golf course, bathing beach, and a small amusement park. The golf course was closed and is now a preserved forest, while the amusement park also went out of business and no longer exists. However, the beach was rebuilt and reopened as part of a townhouse community; the bathing beach is currently known as "Graveling Point". A circular building at the intersection of Radio Road and Bayview Drive was originally constructed as a "Boatel", where boaters could dock, eat, and even sleep. This concept didn't last, and it later became a boat sales showroom, later a pizza parlor, and then a bar named "The Rotunda". It is currently home to the Living Water Christian Center.

Diagonally from the Boatel was "The Playhouse", on Playhouse Drive between Radio Road and S. Captains Drive, originally a welcome center which featured gift shops, an Olympic-sized saltwater swimming pool and marina. The building was eventually turned into a restaurant called the "Mystic Island Casino", which burned down in the 1970s, and opened in a new building on Mathistown Road, which still operates to this day. The original site is now home to condominiums, the residents of which have exclusive rights to use the former marina.

The building currently home to the Little Egg Harbor Community Center on Calabreeze Way was originally a shop functioning as part of the prefabrication process. It later became a Roman Catholic church known as "St. Michael the Archangel". In 2002, it was sold to the Township of Little Egg Harbor and is currently used as the township's community center.

References

External links
LEHT Mystic Island Volunteer Fire Company, District 2

Category:Little Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
Category:Planned cities in the United States
Category:Census-designated places in Ocean County, New Jersey


Arses (genus)

Arses is a genus of monarch flycatchers in the family Monarchidae. The genus is restricted to forest and second growth on the island of New Guinea, a few surrounding islands and northern Queensland, Australia. The genus is separated by their frilled necks, fleshy blue eye wattles and delicate pendent nests. They also have a distinctive foraging technique, hopping up tree trunks in a spiral fashion.

Taxonomy
The genus Arses was introduced by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1831. The type species was subsequently designated as the frilled monarch (Arses telescopthalmus) by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840. The genus name is from the Persian king Arses who ruled from 338 until 336 BC.

The genus contains four species:

Ochre-collared monarch (Arses insularis)
Frilled monarch (Arses telescopthalmus)
Frill-necked monarch (Arses lorealis)
Pied monarch (Arses kaupi)

References

  Clement, P (2006) Family Monarchidae (Monarch-flycatchers); in del Hoyo J, Elliott A & Christie D eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol 11 Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions, Barecelona.

Category:Bird genera


Carmichael Park

Carmichael Park is a major  park in Carmichael, California, an unincorporated suburb of Sacramento, California. The park includes 5 ballfields and 6 tennis courts. The Community Clubhouse, Veterans' Memorial Building, the  Daniel Bishop Memorial Pavilion for the Performing Arts, and the Great Wall of Carmichael are all located within the park.

References

External links
http://carmichaelpark.com/carmichael-park/

Category:Carmichael, California
Category:Parks in Sacramento County, California
Category:Municipal parks in California


2012–13 Israeli Hockey League season

The 2012–13 Israeli Hockey League season was the 22nd season of the Israeli Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Israel. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Rishon Devils won the championship.

First round

Final round

3rd place

Maccabi Metulla - Horses
- : +

Final

Monfort - Rishon Devils
1:4 (0:1, 0:2, 1:1)

References

Isr
Category:Israeli League (ice hockey) seasons


Sarah Cawood

Sarah Louise Cawood (born 7 August 1972 in St Pancras, London) is an English broadcaster, best known for presenting the BBC Children's Saturday flagship morning show Live & Kicking. Cawood is currently not working after deciding to focus on her family.

Career
Cawood grew up in the Cambridgeshire village of Maxey and was educated at Stamford High School, Lincolnshire. She also attended the Royal Ballet School and Arts Educational Schools London.

Between 1995 and 1996, she was a presenter for Nickelodeon. In 1997, she moved on to co-present The Girlie Show. From 1998 to 2000, she featured on Channel 5's Karaoke quiz show, Night Fever. She has also presented on MTV, Live & Kicking and Top of the Pops. She was also a panellist on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank on 2001 and Loose Women in 2003. She has also co-presented the midweek and Saturday National Lottery programmes and was also a reporter on the Channel 4 show Richard & Judy. In addition to this, she presented an information video for Argos for staff training purposes.

In May 2006, it was while she was presenting the National Lottery Jet Set, alongside Eamonn Holmes that Fathers 4 Justice invaded the studio, she however carried on and later claimed it was her training on MTV which allowed her to 'ad-lib'. She won a Celebrity episode of The Weakest Link, beating cricketer Phil Tufnell in the final. In November 2006, she took part in the BBC's Celebrity Scissorhands for Children in Need.

She co-presented BBC Three's coverage of Comic Relief Does Fame Academy. She also co-commentated on the semi-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, 2009 and 2010 alongside Paddy O'Connell for viewers in the United Kingdom on BBC Three. Additionally, she starred as the 'hidden' celebrity in an episode of the CBBC show Hider in the House.

She presented the UK version of the word-based quiz show That's the Question on Challenge which began airing on 14 May 2007.

She was a panellist on The Wright Stuff in 2007, and returned in early January 2010.

She is also the voice-over on ITV's Daily Cooks Challenge hosted by Anthony Worrall Thompson.

On 10 November 2010, she and Alice Cooper co-presented the Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards at the Roundhouse in London.

On 6 January 2014, Cawood joined Dave Taylor to present the breakfast show on Heart East Anglia from 6 am til 10 am.
Sarah Cawood decided to leave the show in December 2014 to look after her children.

Personal life
Cawood dated the Bluetones' guitarist Adam Devlin. In December 2012 Cawood married her long term partner Andy Merry. She was a bridesmaid, along with Fearne Cotton, at Holly Willoughby's wedding.

In 2008, she was part of the British team that completed Olivia Newton-John's "Great Walk To Beijing".

On 27 March 2012, Sarah gave birth to her first child son Hunter. In August 2013 Cawood gave birth to her second child daughter Autumn.

She is a supporter of Arsenal and remains a popular blogger on issues such as motherhood.

References

External links
Official website

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:English television presenters
Category:People from St Pancras, London
Category:People educated at Stamford High School, Lincolnshire


Naval Museum of Madrid

The Museo Naval de Madrid —in English, Naval Museum of Madrid— is a national museum in Madrid, Spain. It shows the history of the Spanish Navy since the Catholic Monarchs, in the 15th century, up to the present.  The displays set naval history in a wide context with information about Spanish rulers and the country's former colonies. The collections include navigation instruments, weapons, maps and paintings.

The building

Its origins date back to 1792, but it was not until 1843 when the Museum was inaugurated in Madrid. The then Spanish Naval Ministry was provided with a new headquarters in the 1920s, and the museum moved there in 1932. (Until 1977 there were three ministerial portfolios, one for each of the different branches of the Armed Forces: the army, navy, and air force. During the Transición, Adolfo Suárez combined them into one). The architects were José Espelius and Francisco Javier de Luque.

Visitors enter the museum through a modernist facade on the Paseo del Prado, and pass to the first floor where former courtyards (now exhibition halls of the Naval Museum) are covered by spectacular stained-glass roofs with naval and decorative motifs made by Maumejean (a family glass-making business which had a branch in Spain). At weekends a doorway onto the grand staircase of Navy Headquarters is opened to allow visitors to appreciate the architecture.

Collections
The map of Juan de la Cosa, the earliest preserved map of the Americas, is on permanent display in this museum.

Since 2007 the museum has hosted a specimen of moon rock. One of two such samples given to Spain, it was collected on the 1972 Apollo 17 mission. The rock, which weighs one gram, was put on display in 2009, to mark the 40th anniversary of the first moon landing.

See also
 San Diego (ship)

References

External links

 Pictures of ship models in the museum, from visit in May 2009 High resolution photos

Category:Naval museums
Category:Museums in Madrid
Category:Maritime museums in Spain
Category:Military and war museums in Spain
Category:Paseo del Prado
Category:1843 establishments in Spain
Category:Museums established in 1843
Category:Buildings and structures in Retiro District, Madrid


Miomantis monacha

Miomantis monacha is a species of praying mantis in the genus Miomantis in the order Mantodea.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Category:Miomantis


David McCarty

David Andrew "Dave" McCarty (born November 23, 1969) is a former first baseman and outfielder in Major League Baseball. From 1993 through 2005, McCarty played with the Minnesota Twins (1993–1995), San Francisco Giants (1995–1996), Seattle Mariners (1998), Kansas City Royals (2000–2002), Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2002), Oakland Athletics (2003) and Boston Red Sox (2003–2005). He batted right-handed and threw left-handed.

Career
McCarty attended Stanford University, and in 1989 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was drafted by the Twins in the 1st round (3rd overall) of the 1991 Major League Baseball draft. In an eleven-season career, he was a .242 hitter with 36 home runs and 175 RBI in 630 games.

A utility player in the purest sense, McCarty was a defensive first baseman and outfielder who occasionally was called upon to pitch. His most productive season came in 2000 for the Royals, when he posted career-highs in batting average (.278), home runs (12), RBI (68), runs (34), hits (75), doubles (14) and games played (103).

McCarty, who was released by the Boston Red Sox in May 2005 after the team signed first baseman, John Olerud, refused a minor league assignment. He retired and was a Red Sox analyst on NESN from July 1, 2005 until the end of the 2008 season.
McCarty was an oddity in MLB in that he batted right-handed and threw left-handed, and was a position player as opposed to a pitcher.

Pitching
McCarty made three pitching appearances for the Red Sox in 2004. The first was during the April 9 home opener against the Toronto Blue Jays. The second was in the June 12 game against the Los Angeles Dodgers in which he struck out Jayson Werth and finally, in the final game of the season, McCarty went 2 scoreless innings against the Baltimore Orioles in which he struck out Rafael Palmeiro, Larry Bigbie and David Newhan.

Personal life
Born in Houston, Texas, McCarty graduated from Sharpstown High School in 1988 before attending Stanford University. He lives in Piedmont, California with his wife, Monica, and their two children.

References

External links

McCarty expands repertoire - Jayson Stark, ESPN

Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:Boston Red Sox players
Category:Kansas City Royals players
Category:Major League Baseball first basemen
Category:Major League Baseball outfielders
Category:Baseball players from Texas
Category:Minnesota Twins players
Category:Oakland Athletics players
Category:People from Houston
Category:San Francisco Giants players
Category:Seattle Mariners players
Category:Stanford Cardinal baseball players
Category:Cotuit Kettleers players
Category:Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
Category:People from Piedmont, California
Category:Orlando Sun Rays players
Category:Visalia Oaks players
Category:Portland Beavers players
Category:Salt Lake Buzz players
Category:Indianapolis Indians players
Category:Phoenix Firebirds players
Category:Tacoma Rainiers players
Category:Toledo Mud Hens players
Category:Durham Bulls players
Category:Sacramento River Cats players
Category:Lowell Spinners players
Category:Pawtucket Red Sox players
Category:All-American college baseball players


Hyde Hall

Hyde Hall is a neoclassical country mansion designed by architect Philip Hooker for George Clarke (1768–1835), a wealthy landowner. The house was constructed between 1817 and 1834, and designed with English and American architectural features.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986 for its architecture, and the completeness of its architectural documentary record.  It is one of the few surviving works of Philip Hooker, a leading 19th-century American architect.

History
The George Clarke who commissioned the building was the grandson of another George Clarke (1676-1760), who held several posts in the government of the colony of New York in the first half of the 18th century, including acting governor from 1736 to 1743. The ancestral home of the Clarke family was at Hyde in Cheshire in northwest England, now part of Manchester.

The younger George Clarke, having inherited his grandfather's extensive fortune and lands in New York, settled in Albany in 1806. His ownership of much of the land he inherited was long disputed, though he won in the lower courts in December 1815 and his title was vindicated by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1818.

In 1813, Clarke married Ann Low Cary Cooper, a member of one of New York's most prominent families and the widow of James Fenimore Cooper's elder brother. In 1817 he purchased lands on Lake Otsego adjacent to his wife's estate and contracted with Hooker for a country villa. The construction project expanded over time, aided in part by Clarke's further inheritance from his father in 1824.

Architecture

The architecture reflects the building's evolution during the 14 years of its construction, with a series of wings facing a central courtyard. The first phase, the family rooms called the Stone House, is "Palladian in form with a central two story, hip roofed core flanked by one story wings and fronted by a porch". Among its details are "Tuscan piers on the porch, a Palladian window surmounted by an oval arch, five oval windows and simple moldings in a restrained Federal style. The walls are smooth ashlar limestone with a narrow intervening band for every third course. The interior rooms are intimate, focused around a pair of library-living rooms."

The second phase, larger than Stone House, contained quarters for servants and services, as well as second-floor bedrooms. Its details are plain in comparison with Stone House and the exterior in fieldstone. The third construction project, the Great House, adopted a neo-Classical style unlike the Palladian. It emphasizes right angles and avoids curved forms for doorways, windows, and moldings. It represents one of the earliest uses of Doric columns found in New York, using a form more slender than their ancient models. As in the second phase of construction, large undecorated ashlar blocks form the walls. The Great House contains two entertaining rooms, a drawing room and a dining room. They are grandly proportioned, each 34 by 26 feet and 19 feet high. The ceilings are elaborately decorated. A smaller pavilion upstairs, reached by a semi-circular staircase, serves as billiard room.

Present day

It is located in New York within Glimmerglass State Park on Otsego Lake at the base of Mount Wellington. Also on the grounds, constructed at the same time as the mansion, is Hyde Hall Bridge, a covered bridge.

The building is a New York State Historic Site known as Hyde Hall State Historic Site. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

See also
 List of National Historic Landmarks in New York
 List of New York State Historic Sites

References

External links

NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation: Hyde Hall State Historic Site
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS):

Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Category:National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)
Category:New York state historic sites
Category:Museums in Otsego County, New York
Category:Historic house museums in New York (state)
Category:Houses in Otsego County, New York
Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in New York (state)
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Otsego County, New York


Ram Island Ledge Light

Ram Island Ledge Light is a lighthouse in Casco Bay, Maine, United States, marking the northern end of the main channel leading the harbor of Portland, Maine.

History
The Ram Island Ledges are a series of stone ledges, some of which break the waters at the southern end of Casco Bay, a short way south of Cushing Island.  In 1855 an iron spindle was erected to protect sailors from these dangerous underwater ledges.  The ledge continued to be the site of repeated shipwrecks.  On February 24, 1900 the Allan Line steamship Californian (formerly named the State of California) ran aground on the ledge while en route from Portland to Glasgow, Scotland via Halifax, Nova Scotia.  As a result of that accident, the United States Congress appropriated funds to build a lighthouse.

Construction began on May 1, 1903 and was completed in 1905.  It is a twin of the Graves Light off Boston. The lighthouse was built of granite quarried from Vinalhaven, Maine.  The lighthouse originally included a third-order Fresnel lens.  The lighthouse was electrified in 1958, and then automated in 1959.  The light was converted to solar power in January 2001. The Ram Island Ledge Light was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Ram Island Ledge Light Station on March 14, 1988, reference number 88000157.

In July 2010, Ram Island Ledge Light was put up for sale to the general public. The minimum bid was $10,000. The property had initially been made available at no charge to other government agencies, educational institutions, and non-profit organizations, but no interest was shown, so bids were opened to the general public. The winning bid, $190,000, came from a Windham surgeon.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, Maine

References

Category:Lighthouses completed in 1905
Category:Lighthouses in Cumberland County, Maine
Category:Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Maine


Daughters of Providence (Paris)

The Daughters of Providence of Paris were members of a Catholic religious congregation for women in 17th-century France.

The Daughters had their origins in the "Seminary of Providence" founded in 1643, with the authorization of King Louis XIII, by a pious widow, Marie Polaillon (née de Lumague). It was intended to provide a shelter to girls who were in situations of peril to their faith. This could be through either poverty or personal circumstances. The name of the house was selected as they looked to Divine Providence to supply their needs.

Among the girls who were given shelter in the seminary, those who were capable of providing instruction to the other charges were organized to do that. Among this number were seven whom the foundress felt showed signs of having a religious calling. The Archbishop of Paris, Jean François Paul de Gondi, authorized them to form a religious community, under a Rule of Life drawn up by St. Vincent de Paul. Their formation was to be a novitiate lasting two years, after which the Daughters  would profess annual vows of obedience, chastity, service and stability.

In 1651 the Queen Regent, Anne of Austria, gave the community their first home, a former rest home in the Fauborg Saint-Michel (now Odéon). After this, Archbishop Gondi established several similar communities around the city. Foundations were also made in Metz and Sedan. They remained under the authority of the Archbishop, who would appoint the Superior General of the congregation, while the local Superiors were elected triennially.

In 1681 several houses of the congregation merged with the Sisters of the newly founded Congregation of the Holy Infant Jesus, founded by Father Nicholas Barré, O.M., dedicated to the education of the poor. The remaining houses soon merged with the Canonesses Regular of the Congregation of Notre Dame, founded by St. Peter Fourier, C.R.S.A., dedicated to a similar goal. At that point this congregation ceased to exist.

References

Category:Catholic teaching orders
Category:Catholic female orders and societies
Category:Catholic religious institutes established in the 17th century
Category:1681 disestablishments in France
Category:1643 establishments in France


El Castillo del Terror (2003)

The 2003 El Castillo del Terror (Spanish for "The Tower of Terror") was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on November 2, 2003. The 2003 El Castillo del Terror was the third ever IWRG El Castillo del Terror event held. The main event was the eponymous Castillo del Terror (Spanish for "Tower of Terror") Steel cage match where the last person eliminated would be forced to take off his wrestling mask or have his hair shaved off as a result of the loss.

Due to incomplete records of the show, the only known results state that Mega was listed as the winner of the El Castillo del Terror main event while Comando Alfa lost the match and thus had to unmask and state his given name. The remaining results are unknown.

Production

Background
The Mexican wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; Sometimes referred to as Grupo Internacional Revolución in Spanish) has a long-standing history of holding major event focused on a multi-man steel cage match where the last wrestler left in the cage would be forced to either remove their wrestling mask or have their hair shaved off under Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match", rules. Starting in the year 2000 IWRG has promoted a fall show, around the Mexican Day of the Death, under the name El Castillo del Terror ("The Tower of Terror"), creating an annual event on their major show calendar that has been held almost every year since 2000. The 2003 El Castillo del Terror show was the third overall show under that name, with IWRG not holding a Castillo del Terror in 2001.

The El Castillo del Terror event is one of several annual steel cage match shows that IWRG holds throughout the year such as the IWRG Guerra del Golfo ("Gulf War"), IWRG Guerra de Sexos ("War of the Sexes"), or IWRG Prison Fatal ("Deadly Prison") shows. The Castillo del Terror shows, as well as the majority of the IWRG shows in general, are held in Arena Naucalpan, owned by the promoters of IWRG and their main arena. In the El Castillo del Terror match a varying number of wrestlers start out in the cage and have to remain inside the cage, fighting each other for ten minutes before they are allowed to try to escape the match. Wrestlers who climb over the top of the steel cage and touch the floor with both feet are deemed to have escaped the cage and thus escaped the Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match", stipulation. The last wrestler in the cage is forced to either unmask (if masked) and state his given name, or (if unmasked) is forced to have all his hair shaved off as per lucha libre traditions.

Storylines
The event featured an unknown number of professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

In 1999 IWRG introduced Mega and Super Mega, a team called Los Megas, a group of masked, brightly colored kid-friendly tecnico characters. They later added Ultra Mega to the group, making them a regular trio. At the very first El Castillo del Terror event Super Mega lost his mask, but the trio remained together. Los Megas defeated Los Oficiales (Guardia, Oficial and Vigilante) on August 2, 2001 to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship, starting off a 161-day-long title reign. The trio was defeated for the title by Dr. Cerebro, Cirujano and Paramedico on January 10, 2002. Only a month later Mega and Ultra Mega defeated Fantasy and Star Boy to win the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship. They team held the title for 73 days until losing to MAZADA and NOZAWA. Around that time Super Mega left IWRG to work for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre, which caused IWRG to bring in Omega to keep Los Megas a trio.

In 2003 IWRG introduced a group designed to be the "archenemy" of Los Megas in the form of Los Comandos (Comando Alfa, Comando Mega and Comando Gama), who were dark and destructive to counter Los Megas' bright, kid-friendly personas. The groups developed their rivalry for the better part of a year, escalating the tension between the two groups.

Event
Records are unclear on most of the wrestlers who actually participated in the main event, event results published shortly after the show only mention the Los Megas and Los Comandos factions, and later published sources only confirms the winner and the loser of the El Castillo del Terror match, offering no information on other matches on the show. Sources confirm the participation of Ultra Mega, Omega, Comando Mega and Comando Gama as well as Mega being declared the winner of the match, forcing Comando Alfa to unmask as a result.

Aftermath
After the loss of his mask Los Comandos brought in "Comando Omega" as the faction rivalry continued to build. Los Comandos scored a major victory in the feud when Comando Gama defeated Omega in a  Lucha de Apuestas match. Omega removed his mask and subsequently was only used sporadically. The storyline between the two factions saw Mega and Ultra Mega gain revenge and "win" the feud by defeating Comando Mega and Comando Gama in a Lucha de Apuesta, masks vs. masks match on June 6, 2004, a match that was considered the end of the Megas Vs Comandos storyline. Following the culmination of the feud Los Megas were phased out by IWRG. In October 2004 Mega and Black Dragon were the last two wrestlers in the 2004 Castillo del Terror steel cage match. Black Dragon won the match and Mega was forced to unmask and reveal his real name. On December 22, 2005, Ultra Mega was one of the participants in the 2005 El Castillo del Terror show. The match came down to Ultra Mega and Nemesis, with Nemesis winning the match, forcing Ultra Mega to unmask.

Results

References

External links
IWRG official website

Category:2003 in professional wrestling
Category:2003 in Mexico
2003
Category:November 2003 events in Mexico


John Thomson (banker)

Sir John Thomson  (1908–1998) was an English banker. He served as the Chairman of Barclays Bank from 1962 to 1973.

Early life
John Thomson was born on 3 April 1908. He was educated at Winchester College, then read law at Magdalen College, Oxford.

Military Service
During World War Two he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery and commanded the Oxfordshire Yeomanry with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Career
He joined Barclays Bank in 1947 and served as its Chairman from 1962 to 1973. He was knighted KBE in the 1972 New Year Honours.

Other Roles
Thomson was Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire from 1963 to 1979; and a Steward (director) of the Jockey Club from 1974 to 1977.

Death
He died on 2 January 1998.

References

External links

Category:1908 births
Category:1998 deaths
Category:People educated at Winchester College
Category:Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Category:British chairmen of corporations
Category:Chairmen of Barclays
Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Oxfordshire
Category:Royal Artillery officers
Category:British Army personnel of World War II
Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire


Mandeville School, Aylesbury

Mandeville School is a secondary school in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England, built in the 1960s. There are approximately 1000 students currently attending Mandeville, aged between 11 and 18 years.

As recently as 2000 the school had a reputation as a failing school. It failed OFSTED inspections and was forced to close to students for one day each week because of a lack of available teachers. However this was rectified very quickly only resulting in a single 4-day week. The school has since had an improvement, resulting in a 3 from Ofsted. It continues to improve under the leadership of Andria Hanham, Principal, who took on the role in November 2015.

In 1996 a new headteacher with a reputation for turning failing schools around took over and the school saw significant changes. The level of students being excluded (either temporarily or permanently) from the school dropped and exam passes increased.
In July 2004 the school was awarded specialist school status as a Sports College, an accolade reserved for the more successful schools in England.

The school works with UNESCO in aiming to stop child labour and has a group of students set up who are interested in doing so. These students are also partnered with a school in Lebanon.

Mobile phone masts
Mandeville School is one of several Buckinghamshire schools which host mobile phone masts. Contracts between Buckinghamshire County Council and various mobile phone operators generate an income of £145,000 per annum, of which about £59,000 comes from contracts for masts that are installed in schools.

References

External links
Department for Education Performance Tables 2011

Category:Aylesbury
Category:Secondary schools in Buckinghamshire


Supercell (video game company)

Supercell is a Finnish mobile game development company based in Helsinki, Finland. Founded in May 16 2010, the company's debut game was the browser game Gunshine.net, and after its release in 2011, Supercell started developing games for mobile devices. Since then, the company has fully released five mobile games: Hay Day, Clash of Clans, Boom Beach, Clash Royale, and Brawl Stars, which are freemium fast-paced games and have been very successful for the company, the first two generating revenue of $2.4 million a day in 2013.

Following its rapid growth, Supercell opened additional offices in Tokyo, Shanghai, San Francisco, and Seoul.

Company

Business model
Supercell focuses on the development of free-to-play games that yield profits through the in-game micropayments. The company's objective is to focus on the successful games that stay popular for years. The focus has not been on revenue, but on the principle "just design something great, something that users love." Game development focuses around "cells" of five to seven people which start with idea generation and an initial review by CEO Paananen. The team subsequently develops the idea into a game, which the rest of the company's employees get to play-test, followed by play-testing in Canada's iTunes App store; if the Canada reception is good, the next step is global rollout (via iTunes). Supercell has discontinued a total of 14 game projects it did not deem promising enough, successful failures which are celebrated by employees. One of the games that was cancelled well into development was Battle Buddies, which had also been rated well in the test market, but the number of players was still too small. The final decision for cancelling a project is done by the development team themselves.

Charity
The employees of Supercell donated 3.4 million euros to the Finnish New Children's Hospital project. Supercell has also given to the American charity organisation Watsi.

Supercell founders Mikko Kodisoja and Ilkka Paananen created the ME charitable foundation. In November 2015 the ME Foundation donated 2.5 million euros to the Helsinki youth department for the support of young immigrants. Supercell also organised a fundraising drive that collected old computers and tablets from games companies to donate to poor families with children through the Finnish Tukikummit Foundation, a registered non-profit organisation. Supercell was also the biggest individual investor in the crowdfunding campaign for the Finnish Game Museum in 2015.

History

Background and founding
Before Supercell, two of its founders, Mikko Kodisoja and Ilkka Paananen, worked at Sumea, a mobile game company. Kodisoja was co-founded Sumea in 1999, and Paananen was hired as the company's CEO in 2000. In 2003 Sumea made a profit of 1.2 million euros. In the following year, the American Digital Chocolate bought Sumea and made the company its Finnish headquarters and Paananen the European manager. Kodisoja, the firm's creative director left the company in 2010, followed soon after by Paananen.

Paananen moved to venture capital company Lifeline Ventures, but wanted to create a game company where executives would not disturb the work of the game developers. Together, Paananen, Kodisoja, Petri Styrman, Lassi Leppinen, Visa Forstén, and Niko Derome who had known each other through work connections, founded Supercell in 2010. The company started its business in the Niittykumpu district of Espoo.

Kodisoja and Paananen invested 250,000 euros in the company. Tekes, the Finnish funding agency for technology innovation loaned them a further 400,000 euros and Lifeline Ventures also invested in Supercell. The following October Supercell raised 750,000 euros through seed funding including from London Venture Partners and Initial Capital. The first game Supercell started to develop was the massive multiplayer online game Gunshine that could be played on Facebook with a browser or on mobile platforms. The game prototype was ready in eight months. After Gunshine's completion, Accel Partners also invested 8 million euros in the company in May 2011, and shareholder Kevin Comolli became a member of Supercell's board of directors. Accel also invested in Rovio, among others.

Change of strategies
In November 2011 Supercell abandoned Gunshine for three reasons: it did not interest players for long enough, it was too difficult to play, and the mobile version did not work as well as the browser version. At best, the game had approximately half a million players. Supercell considered Zynga's market leadership in games on the Facebook platform insurmountable and so decided to focus on iPad games, cancelling a Facebook game it was developing. In order to ease concerns of Supercell's investors due to the change of direction Paananen increased the detail of progress reports.

The company simultaneously developed five games and the first to be released for public testing was Pets vs Orcs. This game and Tower were abandoned. In May 2012, Hay Day was published and eventually became Supercell's first internationally released game. Hay Day was Supercell's version of Zynga's successful Facebook game FarmVille, an easy-to-play farm simulator. Supercell added to their farming simulator the ability to refine products, a production chain, and touch screen properties. The social aspect of the game was emphasised as well. In four months, the game became one of the most profitable games in Apple's App Store in the US, and was one of the most profitable in the world for two and a half years. The game receives regular updates and is maintained by a team of 14 people.

Development of Clash of Clans
Lasse Louhento had started at Bloodhouse, and Lassi Leppinen was the chief programmer at Sumea and Digital Chocolate. Their team had spent months on a fantasy themed Facebook game when Supercell changed strategies. Leppinen and Louhento wanted to make a strategy game that would use a touch screen so playing would be as simple and pleasant as possible. The development of Clash of Clans took six months, and the game was released on August 2, 2012. In three months, it became the most profitable app in the US. According to App Annie, in the years 2013 and 2014 Clash of Clans was the most profitable mobile game in the world. The eponymous battle between the clans was added to the game as late as in 2014.

In summer 2013, Supercell started marketing collaboration with the Japanese GungHo: the companies cross-marketed each other's games in their own games in their own markets. As a result, Clash of Clans became one of the most downloaded apps in Japan. GungHo's chairman of the board Taizo Son flew to Finland to thank Paananen and later introduced him to his brother Masayoshi Son, the CEO of the SoftBank Corporation. Soon, they proposed a corporate acquisition which indeed happened on October 7, 2013. SoftBank and GungHo bought 51% of Supercell's shares for 1.1 billion euros which is the largest price for a Finnish private company in history. In six months, Supercell's value had tripled, since in spring 2013 the company had sold 16.7% of its shares for 100 million euros.

Both Clash of Clans and Hay Day were released in the summer 2012, and Supercell did not release a new game in almost two years. The designing of the third game Boom Beach started in the autumn of 2012, and it was released in 2014. The new strategy game was released to the test market at the end of 2013, after which it went through large changes. The game was very successful in the US right after its release in March, but it did not stay at the top of the download charts for very long. However, it rose to the top 30 of the most downloaded iPhone apps after Supercell started an expensive marketing campaign in December 2014. In 2015, the game surpassed Hay Day in the charts.

In March 2016, Supercell released its fourth supported game, Clash Royale, which uses similar characters from Clash of Clans. Between the releases of Boom Beach and Clash Royale, Supercell had discontinued multiple game projects, two in their test release phase. One of them was Smash Land which had been developed by 4 to 5 people for 10 months.

In December 2018, Supercell released Brawl Stars globally, which was their fifth supported game and took 16 months from the original release.

Funding
Accel Partners and Index Ventures invested $12 million in the Series A of Supercell in 2011, Atomico led the Series B investment, and in October 2013 it was announced that the Japanese company GungHo Online Entertainment and its parent SoftBank had acquired 51% of the company for a reported $1.51 billion. On 1 June 2015, SoftBank acquired an additional 22.7% stake in Supercell, which brought their total stake to 73.2% of the company and made them the sole external shareholder. In 2016, Supercell reported annual revenues of around €2.11 billion. In three years, the company's revenues have grown a total of 800 percent, from 78.4 million (2012) .Supercell has funded a total of £143.3million pounds.

Ownership
In June 2016, Halti S.A., a Luxembourg-based consortium founded that month, acquired 81.4% of Supercell for $8.6 billion. At the time, Japan's SoftBank valued Supercell at $10.2 billion. Halti S.A. was 50%-owned by Chinese technology company Tencent; in October 2019, Tencent increased its stake in the consortium to 51.2% by acquiring shares worth $40 million as part of a convertible bond.

Games

Marketing
During Super Bowl XLIX in February 2015, Supercell spent $9 million for a 60-second runtime in front of 118.5 million viewers. According to The Guardian, the Clash of Clans advertisement was one of the most popular advertisements of the 61 spots aired on NBC. The commercial, dubbed "Revenge", featured Liam Neeson parodying his character from the Taken film series by seeking revenge in a coffee shop for a random player destroying his village. The commercial has reached a total of 165 million views on the game's official YouTube channel so far, and it was the most watched commercial on YouTube in 2015. Despite the success of the commercial, Supercell has seen only a marginal increase in downloads following the advertisement.

Acknowledgements
In 2012, Supercell was awarded as the best Nordic start-up company and chosen as the Finnish game developer of the year. The following year, Supercell won the Finnish Teknologiakasvattaja 2013 (Technology Educator 2013) contest, and the company was chosen as the software entrepreneur of the year. In 2014, the research and consultancy agency T-Media chose Supercell as Finland's most reputable company in their Luottamus&Maine (Trust&Reputation) report.

Notes

References

External links

Category:Video game companies of Finland
Category:Video game companies established in 2010
Category:Companies based in Helsinki
Category:Finnish brands
Category:Mobile game companies
Category:Privately held companies of Finland
Category:Tencent
Category:2010 establishments in Finland
Category:Video game development companies
Category:2016 mergers and acquisitions


P2RY1

P2Y purinoceptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RY1 gene.

Function

The product of this gene, P2Y1 belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor functions as a receptor for extracellular ATP and ADP. In platelets binding to ADP leads to mobilization of intracellular calcium ions via activation of phospholipase C, a change in platelet shape, and probably to platelet aggregation.

See also
 P2Y receptor

References

Further reading

External links

Category:G protein-coupled receptors


Broussey-en-Blois

Broussey-en-Blois is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Meuse department

References
INSEE statistics

Category:Communes of Meuse (department)


Av HaTumah

In the realm of tumah and taharah terminology, the term Av HaTumah ("father of uncleanness," or simply Av) is a rabbinic term for a person or object that is in a state of tumah (ritual impurity), second in severity only to corpse uncleanness. Anything suffering from Av HaTumah ("Father of uncleanness"), such as carrion, the blood of a menstruate woman, seminal fluid, etc., can render those persons who touch it defiled at a further remove, known as a "first-grade level of uncleanness."

A person or object that is a Av HaTumah has the ability to transfer its tumah to another person or object, such as clothing (usually at a downgraded level of tumah), while they, in turn, have the ability to transfer their tumah to both foods and drink (in the case of foods, at a downgraded level, but in the case of drinks, at the very same level).

There are two types of Av HaTumah, the first being one textually listed in the Torah (D'Oraita), such as the carcass of any of the eight creeping things named in Leviticus 11:29-30, or a seminal issue (Leviticus 15), inter alia; the second being one of rabbinic origin (D'Rabbanan), such as a grave area that had been ploughed, or any foreign land, or a dead human's bone the size of a barleycorn, among other things.

Torah source

Examples

An Av HaTumah is generally a person or object that is listed in the Torah. Common examples of an Av HaTumah include a zav, zavah, niddah, metzorah (leper), and midras.

Purification

A person or object that is under Av HaTumah status can usually be purified by immersion in a mikveh and the elapse of sunset.

References

Category:Jewish ritual purity law


Christian views on the classics

Christian views on the classics have varied widely throughout history.

Early period
When Christianity at first appeared in Rome, introduced by Apostle Paul, the instruction of youth was largely confined to the basics of reading, writing and mathematics followed by the study of grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, and history.  Much of the history was in verse; chief among which were the works of Horace and Virgil. Until the peace of the Church, early in the fourth century, the value and use of classical studies were unquestioned. Converts to Christianity brought with them such mental cultivation as they had received while pagans. They used their knowledge of mythology and ancient traditions as a means of attacking paganism. Tertullian forbade Christians to teach, but admitted that school attendance by Christian pupils was unavoidable. Arnobius, Lactantius, and Cassianus were classical Christian teachers.

During the fourth century the value of secular literature began to be questioned by Biblical scholars. This opposition is condensed in the accepted translation, dating from Jerome from Psalm 70:15-16  Quoniam non cognovi litteraturam, introibo in potentias Domini; Domine memorabor justitiae tuae solius. (Because I have not known learning I will enter into the powers of the LORD: O LORD I will be mindful of thy justice alone.Douay-Rheims 1899) The opposition between divine judgement and literature became gradually an accepted Christian idea.

Later persecution under Julian led Christian writers to express more definitely their views on the subject. It produced little effect in the West. However, Marius Victorinus, one of the most distinguished professors in Rome, chose "to give up the idle talk of the school rather than the Word of God." Thenceforth, Christians studied more closely and more appreciatively their own literature, i.e., the Biblical writings. Jerome discovers therein a Horace, a Catullus and an Alcaeus. In his De doctrina christiana Augustine shows how the Scriptures could be turned to account for the study of eloquence; he analyses periods of the prophet Amos, of Paul, and shows excellent examples of rhetorical figures in the Pauline Epistles. It would seem that the Church, therefore, ought to have given up the study of pagan literature. It did not do so. Augustine suggested his method only to those who wished to become priests, and even for these he did mean to make it obligatory. Men of less marked ability were to use the ordinary method of instruction. The De doctrina christiana was written in 427, at which time his advancing age and the increasing strictness of monastic life might have inclined Augustine to a rigorous solution. Jerome's scruples and the dream he relates in one of his letters are quite well known. In this dream he saw angels scourging him and saying: "Thou art not a Christian, thou art a Ciceronian." He finds fault with ecclesiastics who find too keen a pleasure in the reading of Virgil; he adds, nevertheless, that youths are indeed compelled to study him. In his quarrel with Rufinus he declares that he has not read the profane authors since he left school, "but I admit that I read them while there. Must I then drink the waters of Lethe that I may forget?"

In defending himself the first figure that occurs to him is taken from mythology. What these eminent men desired was not so much the separation but the combination of the treasures of profane literature and of Christian truth. Jerome recalls the precept of Deuteronomy: "If you desire to marry a captive, you must first shave her head and eyebrows, shave the hair on her body and cut her nails, so must it be done with profane literature, after having removed all that was earthly and idolatrous, unite with her and make her fruitful for the Lord." Augustine uses another Biblical allegory. For him, the Christian who seeks his knowledge in the pagan authors resembles the Israelites who despoil the Egyptians of their treasures in order to build the tabernacle of God. As to Ambrose, he has no doubts whatever. He quotes quite freely from Seneca, Virgil, and the Consolatio of Servius Sulpicius. He accepts the earlier view handed down from the Hebrew apologists to their Christian successors, viz., that whatever is good in the literature of antiquity comes from the Sacred Books. Pythagoras was a Jew or, at least, had read Moses. The pagan poets owe their flashes of wisdom to David and Job. Tatian, following earlier Jews had learnedly confirmed this view, and it recurs, more or less developed, in the other Christian apologists. In the West Minucius Felix gathered carefully into his Octavius whatever seemed to show harmony between the new doctrine and ancient learning. This was a convenient argument and served more than one purpose.

But this concession presupposed that pagan studies were subordinate to Christian truth, the "Hebraica veritas". In the second book of his De doctrina christiana, Augustine explains how pagan classics lead to a more perfect apprehension of the Scriptures, and are indeed an introduction to them. In this sense Jerome, in a letter to Magnus, professor of eloquence at Rome, recommends the use of profane authors; profane literature is a captive. Indeed, men neither dared nor were able to do without classical teaching. Rhetoric continued to inspire a kind of timid reverence. The panegyrists, for example, do not trouble themselves about the emperor's religion, but addressed him as pagans would a pagan and draw their literary embellishments from mythology. Theodosius himself did not dare to exclude pagan authors from the school. A professor like Ausonius pursued the same methods as his pagan predecessors. Magnus Felix Ennodius, deacon of Milan under Theodoric and later Bishop of Pavia, inveighed against the impious person who carried a statue of Minerva to a disorderly house, and himself under pretext of an "epithalamium" wrote light and trivial verses. It is true that Christian society at the time of the barbarian invasions repudiated mythology and ancient culture, but it did not venture to completely banish them. In the meantime the public schools of antiquity were gradually closed. Private teaching took their place but even that formed its pupils, e.g. Sidonius Apollinaris, according to the traditional method. Christian asceticism, however, developed a strong feeling against secular studies. As early as the fourth century Martin of Tours finds that men have better things to do than study. There are lettered monks at Lérins, but their scholarship is a relic of their early education, not acquired after their monastic profession. The Rule of Benedict prescribes reading, it is true, but only sacred reading. Gregory the Great condemns the study of literature so far as bishops are concerned. Isidore of Seville condenses all ancient culture into a few data gathered into his Origines, just enough to prevent all further study in the original sources. Cassiodorus alone shows a far wider range and makes possible a deeper and broader study of letters. His encyclopedic grasp of human knowledge links him with the best literary tradition of pagan antiquity. He planned a close union of secular and sacred science whence ought to issue a complete and truly Christian method of teaching. Unfortunately the invasions of the barbarians followed and the Institutiones of Cassiodorus remained a mere project.

Medieval period
About the middle of the sixth century, the first indication of classical culture were seen in Britain, and,  towards the close of the century, in Ireland. Irish scholars and then teachers, created a culture which the Anglo-Saxons developed. This culture placed literature and science at the service of theology and exegesis. They devoted themselves chiefly to grammar, rhetoric, and dialectics.

It is quite unlikely that manuscripts had been brought to Ireland between 350 and 450, to bring about a much later literary renaissance. The small ecclesiastical schools almost everywhere preserved elementary teaching, reading and writing. Irish scholarship went far beyond that.

During the sixth and seventh centuries, manuscripts were still being copied in continental Europe. The writing of this period is uncial or semi-uncial. Even after eliminating fifth- century manuscripts there still remains a fair number of manuscripts in this style of writing. We find among these works practical information: glossaries, treatises on land-surveying, medicine, the veterinary art, juridical commentaries.

On the other hand, the numerous ecclesiastical manuscripts prove the persistence of certain scholarly traditions. The continuations of sacred studies sufficed to bring about the Carolingian Renaissance. It was likewise a purely ecclesiastical culture which the Irish brought back to the continent in the sixth and seventh centuries. The chief aim of these Irish monks was to preserve and develop religious life. When the scattered items of information are examined, especially the hagiological indications, their importance is peculiarly diminished, for the teaching in question generally concerns Scripture or theology. Even Columbanus does not seem to have organized literary studies in his monasteries. The Irish monks had a personal culture which they did not make any effort to diffuse, owing to the great distance between centers of learning. Moreover, the disciples of the Irish were men enamoured of ascetic mortification, who shunned an evil world and sought a life of prayer and penance. For such minds, beauty of language and verbal rhythm were frivolous attractions. The material equipment of the Irish religious establishments in Gaul scarcely admitted any other study than that of the Scriptures. Generally these establishments were but a group of huts surrounding a small chapel.

Thus, until Charlemagne and Alcuin, intellectual life was confined to Great Britain and Ireland. It was revived in Gaul in the eighth century, when the classic Latin literature was again studied.  Pagan authors were read as secondary to Scripture and theology. Even towards the close of his life, Alcuin forbade his monks to read Virgil. Statius is the favourite poet, and, before long, Ovid, whose licentiousness is glossed over by allegorical interpretation. Mediocre abstracts and compilations, products of academic decadence, appear among the books frequently read, e.g. Homerus latinus (Ilias Latina), Dictys, Dares, the distichs ascribed to Cato. Cicero is almost overlooked, and two distinct personages are made of Tullius and Cicero. There were a number of classical authors studied until the thirteenth century.

At the close of the twelfth century, in the early years of the University of Paris, the principal known authors are: Statius, Virgil, Lucian, Juvenal, Horace, Ovid (with exception of the erotic poems and the satires), Sallust, Cicero, Martial, Petronius (judged as combining useful information and dangerous passages), Symmachus, Solinus, Sidonius, Suetonius, Quintus Curtius, Justin (known as Trogus Pompeius), Livy, the two Senecas (including the tragedies), Donatus Priscian, Boethius, Quintilian, Euclid, and Ptolemy. In the thirteenth century the influence of Aristotle restricted the field of reading.

There are, however, a few real Humanists among the medieval writers. Einhard (770-840), Rabanus Maurus (776-856), the ablest scholar of his time, and Walafrid Strabo (809-849) are men of extensive and disinterested learning. Servatus Lupus, Abbot of Ferrières (805-862), in his quest for Latin manuscripts labours as zealously as any scholar of the fifteenth century. At a later period Latin literature is represented by Remigius of Auxerre (d. 908), Gerbert (later Pope Sylvester II d. 1003), Liutprand of Cremona (d. about 972), John of Salisbury (1110–1180), Vincent of Beauvais (d. 1264), and Roger Bacon (d. 1294).

Medieval Latin poetry drew its inspiration from Latin poetry. Among the imitations must be mentioned the works of Hroswitha (or Roswitha), Abbess of Gandersheim (close of the tenth century), whom Virgil, Prudentius, and Sedulius inspired to celebrate the acts of Otho the Great. She is of particular interest in the history of the survival of Latin literature, because of her comedies after the manner of Terence. It has been said that she wished to cause the pagan author to be totally forgotten. This statement is not reconcilable with her known simplicity of character. A certain facility in the dialogue and clearness of style do not offset the lack of ideas in her writings. They exhibit the fate of classical culture in the Middle Ages. Hroswitha imitates Terence, indeed but without understanding him, and in a ridiculous manner. The poems on actual life of Hugh of Orléans known as "Primas" or "Archipoeta" are far superior and betray genuine talent as well as an intelligent grasp of Horace.

During the Middle Ages the Church preserved secular literature by harboring and copying its works in monasteries, where valuable libraries existed as early as the ninth century:
in Italy, at Monte Cassino (founded in 529), and at Bobbio founded in 612 by Columbanus);
in Germany at Saint Gall (614), Reichenau (794), Fulda (744), Lorsch (763), Hersfeld (768), Corvey (822), Hirschau (8430);
in France at St. Martin of Tours (founded in 372, but later restored), Fleury or Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire (620), Ferrières (630), Corbie (662), Cluny (910).

The reforms of Cluny and later of Clairvaux were not favourable to studies. The chief aim of the reformers was to combat the secular spirit and re-establish strict religious observances. This influence is in harmony with the tendencies of scholasticism. Consequently, from the twelfth century and especially the thirteenth, the copying of manuscripts became a secular business, a source of gain. The following is a list of the most ancient or most useful manuscripts of the Latin classics for the Middle Ages:
Eighth-ninth centuries: Cicero's Orations, Horace, the philosopher Seneca, Martial.
Ninth century: Terence, Lucretius, Cicero, Sallust, Livy, Ovid, Lucan, Valerius Maximus, Columella, Persius, the philosopher Seneca, Pliny the Elder, Quintus Curtius, the Thebaid of Statius, Silius Italicus, Pliny the Younger, Juvenal, Tacitus, Suetonius, Florus, Claudian.
Ninth-Tenth centuries: Persius, Quintus Curtius, Caesar, Cicero, Horace, Livy, Phaedrus, Lucan, the philosopher Seneca, Valerius Flaccus, Martial, Justin, Ammianus Marcellinus.
Tenth century: Caesar Catullus, Cicero, Sallust, Lio, Ovid, Lucan, Persius, Quintus Curtius, Pliny the Elder, Quintilian, Statius, Juvenal.
Eleventh century: Caesar, Sallust, Livy, Ovid, Tacitus, Apuleius.
Thirteenth century: Cornelius Nepos, Propertius, Varro, "De lingua latina".

This list is incomplete. An author like Quintus Curtius is represented by numerous manuscripts in every century. Another, like Lucretius, was not copied anew between the ninth century and the Renaissance. Moreover, it was customary to compile manuscripts of epitomes and anthologies, some of which have preserved the only extant fragments of ancient authors. The teaching of grammar was deficient. This may account for the backwardness of philological science in the Middle Ages. Latin grammar is reduced to an abridgment of Donatius, supplemented by the meagre commentaries of the teacher, and replaced since the thirteenth century by the "Doctrinale" of Alexander de Villedieu (de Villa Dei).

References

Sources

Category:Latin-language literature
Classics
Category:Classical studies
Category:Point of view


Pierre Mercier (engineer)

Pierre Ernest Mercier (died June 11, 1944) was a French aeronautical engineer. A former student of the École Polytechnique, he invented and patented a type of cowling for radial engines. He joined aircraft manufacturer Lioré-et-Olivier (later SNCASE) in the 1930s, where he designed the airframe for the LeO 451.

Category:French inventors
Category:French aerospace engineers
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:1944 deaths
Category:École Polytechnique alumni


Kohanshahr-e Olya

Kohanshahr-e Olya (, also Romanized as Kohanshahr-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Najafabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 435, in 108 families.

References

Category:Populated places in Sirjan County


Foakaidhoo FC

Foakaidhoo Football Club, is a Maldivian football club in Foakaidhoo (Shaviyani Atoll), that competes in the Dhivehi Premier League, the highest tier of Maldivian football.

History
Foakaidhoo played first division football during the mid 2000s, before getting relegated.

Players

Current squad

Management team

Footnotes

External links

Category:Football clubs in the Maldives


Persaura

Persaura  is a village in Bhinga City, under the Shrawasti district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for its celebrations of Muharram and Chup Tazia.

Geography
Persaura is located at . It is  from the West Rapti River.

References

Category:Villages in Shravasti district

ca:Bhinga
bpy:ভিঙ্গ
it:Bhinga
new:भिंगा
pt:Bhinga
sv:Bhinga
vi:Bhinga


Henry Galbraith

Henry Galbraith was an Irish Anglican priest:

Galbraith was born in County Galway and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Galbraith was ordained in 1851. After curacies in Loughgall and Dublin he held incumbencies at Rathdrum and Powerscourt.  He was Archdeacon of Glendalough from 1888 until 1905.

References

Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Category:Archdeacons of Glendalough
Category:19th-century Anglican priests
Category:20th-century Anglican priests
Category:1905 deaths
Category:1827 births
Category:People from County Galway


Bent Coppers

Bent Coppers: The Inside Story of Scotland Yard's Battle Against Police Corruption is a non-fiction book by award-winning British journalist Graeme McLagan. First published in the United Kingdom in 2003 by Orion Publishing Group, the book examines police corruption within the Metropolitan Police Service and South Eastern Regional Crime Squad—with particular focus on the 1990s and early 2000s—and the establishment and activities of the force's anti-corruption "Ghost Squad". Its publication led to a 4-year legal case resulting in a landmark ruling in English defamation law.

Libel case
Following publication, McLagan and Orion were sued for libel by Michael Charman, a former detective constable with the Flying Squad who had been "required to resign" from the Metropolitan Police for "discreditable conduct". Charman alleged that the book libelled him by "suggesting that there were 'cogent grounds' of suspecting him of being involved in corruption." In seeking to have Charman's claim for damages dismissed, the author and publisher cited the "Reynolds defence" of qualified privilege, which protected publication of an allegation if it was made in the public interest and satisfied the test of responsible journalism.

In June 2006, at the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Mr Justice Grey ruled that the book "did not pass all the necessary tests of "responsible journalism" and was not entitled to protection" of qualified privilege. Following the reaffirmation of the Reynolds defence in Jameel v Wall Street Journal Europe Sprl in October 2006, in which the Law Lords sitting in the House of Lords determined that libel judges in the lower courts had been interpreting the criteria too strictly, McLagan and Orion appealed their case. On 11 October 2007, Lord Justice Ward, Lord Justice Sedley and Lord Justice Hooper, sitting in the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, allowed the appeal and dismissed Charman's claim for damages—the first time that the Reynolds defence had succeeded in the publication of a book.

In their ruling, the judges said they were satisfied that the book was a piece of responsible journalism, that McLagan had taken steps to verify the story and that "as a result of his honesty, his expertise on the subject, his careful research and his painstaking evaluation of a mass of material, the book was protected." Caroline Kean, McLagan's solicitor, called the ruling "ground-breaking and momentous", and said: "This is an unambiguous confirmation by the Court of Appeal that Reynolds is alive and kicking. It is not limited to newspapers, it means all media and there is no time constraint. It applies equally to a book and, by analogy, it will apply to a film or a TV programme, providing it is something of proper public interest and a journalist has done his very best to act in the course of responsible journalism."

References

Category:2003 non-fiction books
Category:British non-fiction books
Category:Corruption in the United Kingdom
Category:Law enforcement scandals
Category:Non-fiction crime books
Category:Police misconduct in the United Kingdom
Category:English non-fiction books


Bob Buck

Robert Buck (1938 – January 22, 1996) was an American sportscaster and sports director. He was the younger brother of late St. Louis Cardinals radio broadcaster Jack Buck, and was the uncle of national television sportscaster Joe Buck.
Early in his career Buck was a sportscaster for NBC Radio. He moved to St. Louis, becoming Sports Director for KMOX/KMOV-TV from 1972–1979, and also served as a sports reporter at the station from 1976–1982.

From 1985–1996, Buck was Sports Director for WIKY AM/FM radio in Evansville, Indiana, where he also provided play-by-play coverage of University of Evansville basketball, football, soccer, and baseball.

Bob Buck had one daughter (Colleen) and three grandchildren (Robert, Jerry, and Natalie).

References

Category:1938 births
Category:1996 deaths
Category:American sports announcers
Category:Baseball announcers
Category:College basketball announcers in the United States
Category:College football announcers
Category:Los Angeles Rams broadcasters
Category:People from St. Louis
Category:People from Evansville, Indiana
Category:Radio personalities from Cleveland
Category:Suicides in Indiana
Category:United States Football League announcers
Category:University of Evansville people


Ratnik

Ratnik (: warrior) can refer to:

Ratniks, a Bulgarian nationalist organization
Ratnik (program), Russian infantry combat system
Kamerton-N Ratnik, Russian autogyro

See also
Diane Ratnik, a Canadian volleyball player


Soro (album)

Soro is the 1987 debut album by Malian Afro-pop artist Salif Keita. The album marks the music of his first period. It was executive produced by Ibrahima Sylla.

Track listing
“Wamba” (Keita) – 4:46
“Soro (Afrika)” (Keita) – 9:52
“Souareba” (Keita) – 4:39
“Sina (Soumbouya)” (Keita) – 4:45
“Cono” (Keita) – 6:00
“Sagni Kegniba” (Keita) – 7:44

Sina
Keita sings "Sina" for his father who never wanted him to become a singer. Traditionally the caste of griots sing, not a Keita does who belongs to the caste of princes, a descendant of Sundiata Keita.

References

Category:1987 debut albums
Category:Salif Keita albums
Category:Mango Records albums


Space travel

Space travel can refer to:
Spaceflight, Flying into or through outer space
Spacefaring, to be capable of and active in space travel
Human spaceflight, space travel with a crew or passengers
Interplanetary spaceflight, travel between planets
Interstellar travel, travel between stars or planetary systems
Intergalactic travel, hypothetical manned or unmanned travel between galaxies
Space Travel (video game), developed by Ken Thompson in 1969


List of rural localities in Yaroslavl Oblast

This is a list of rural localities in Yaroslavl Oblast. Yaroslavl Oblast (, Yaroslavskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. This geographic location affords the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Additionally, the administrative center of the oblast—the city of Yaroslavl—is an intersection of major highways, railroads, and waterways. Population: 1,272,468 (2010 Census).

 Abashevo
 Abbakumtsevo
 Bolshoye Maslennikovo
 Bolshoye Selo
 Breytovo
 Glushitsy
 Greshnevo
 Isanino
 Karabikha
 Labunino
 Nazarovo
 Novy Nekouz
 Shurskol
 Vyatskoye

See also

 Lists of rural localities in Russia

References

*
Yaroslavl Oblast


1999 America East Men's Basketball Tournament

The 1999 America East Men's Basketball Tournament was hosted by the Delaware Blue Hens at Bob Carpenter Center . The final was also held at Bob Carpenter Center. Delaware gained its second consecutive America East Conference Championships and an automatic berth to the NCAA Tournament with its win over Drexel. Delaware was given the 13th seed in the East Regional of the NCAA Tournament and lost in the first round to Tennessee 62–52. Hofstra University gained a bid to the NIT and lost in the first round to Rutgers 58–45.

Bracket and Results

See also
America East Conference

References

Category:America East Men's Basketball Tournament
Category:1998–99 America East Conference men's basketball season
America East Men's Basketball


Shab Mah

Shab Mah (, also Romanized as Shab Māh) is a village in Bardesareh Rural District, Oshtorinan District, Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 635, in 138 families.

References

Category:Towns and villages in Borujerd County


H.R. 2449 (113th Congress)

, (full name being "To authorize the President to extend the term of the Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Korea Concerning Civil Uses of Nuclear Energy for a period not to exceed March 19, 2016"), is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.  H.R. 2449 would authorize the President of the United States to extend the current nuclear cooperation agreement with the Republic of Korea for up to two years. That agreement was scheduled to expire in March 2014. Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, such agreements are required for U.S. companies to be permitted to export commercial nuclear materials, technologies, and services to foreign nations. Extending the agreement would maintain ongoing civil nuclear cooperation with the Republic of Korea, and allow joint commercial activities to continue.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

H.R. 2449 would authorize the President to extend the term of the "Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Korea Concerning Civil Uses of Nuclear Energy" for a period not to exceed March 19, 2016.

Congressional Budget Office report

H.R. 2449 would authorize the President to extend the current nuclear cooperation agreement with the Republic of Korea for up to two years. That agreement was scheduled to expire in March 2014. Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, such agreements are required for U.S. companies to be permitted to export commercial nuclear materials, technologies, and services to foreign nations. Extending the agreement would maintain ongoing civil nuclear cooperation with the Republic of Korea, and allow joint commercial activities to continue.

CBO estimates that the issuance of export licenses and continued certification and reporting requirements under the two-year extension would cost less than $500,000 over the 2014-2018 period, subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Enacting H.R. 2449 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

Procedural history

House
H.R. 2449 was introduced into the House on June 20, 2013 by Rep. Edward R. Royce (R, CA-39).  It was referred to the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, which held consideration and markup on July 24, 2013, before voting by unanimous consent to report the bill.  The House Majority Leader Eric Cantor placed the bill on the House Schedule on September 13, 2013 for consideration under a suspension of the rules on September 17.

Debate and discussion
A policy paper released by the Heritage Foundation in March 2013 argued that a "failure to negotiate the extension would have substantial negative safety, technological, economic, and nonproliferation impacts on both countries."

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
South Korea
South Korea–United States relations
Nuclear power in South Korea

Notes and references

External links

Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 2449
beta.congress.gov H.R. 2449
GovTrack.us H.R. 2449
OpenCongress.org H.R. 2449
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 2449
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 2449

Category:Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
Category:South Korea–United States relations
Category:Nuclear energy in South Korea


3C 454.3

3C 454.3 is a blazar (a type of quasar with a jet oriented toward Earth) located away from the galactic plane. It is one of the brightest gamma ray sources in the sky, and is the most luminous astronomical object ever observed, with a maximum absolute magnitude of -31.4. It has the brightest blazar gamma ray flare recorded, twice as bright as the Vela Pulsar in the Milky Way galaxy. It also flares at radio and visible wavelengths – in red light, the blazar brightened by more than 2.5 times to magnitude 13.7 – and it is very bright at high radio frequencies.

It appears in Pegasus, near Alpha Pegasi (Markab). It has been known to occasionally outburst, brightening to a peak apparent magnitude of 13.4 in June 2014.

History

In July and August 2007, the gamma-ray blazar 3C 454.3 flared to near-historic levels, only two years after its record-breaking 2005 optical flare. Luckily, Spitzer Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory were already scheduled for simultaneous observations. Swift, RXTE and the new gamma-ray AGILE spacecraft responded to this target of opportunity, and were joined by observatories around the world.

The Fermi Large Area Telescope AGN science group started a multiwavelength campaign for blazar 3C454.3 (2251+158), in July and continuing through August 2007. This Ad Hoc Intensive Campaign (AIC) was prompted by brightening in the radio, optical and X-ray.

Images
 LSW Sky Map of 3C 454.3

References

External links
 SIMBAD entry for 3C 454.3

Category:OVV quasars
454.3
Category:Blazars


Methylglyoxal pathway

The methylglyoxal pathway is an offshoot of glycolysis found in some prokaryotes, which converts glucose into methylglyoxal and then into pyruvate.  However unlike glycolysis the methylglyoxal pathway does not produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP.  The pathway is named after the substrate methylglyoxal which has three carbons and two carbonyl groups located on the 1st carbon and one on the 2nd carbon.  Methylglyoxal is, however, a reactive aldehyde that is very toxic to cells, it can inhibit growth in E. coli at milimolar concentrations.  The excessive intake of glucose by a cell is the most important process for the activation of the methylglyoxal pathway.

The Methylglyoxal pathway

The methylglyoxal pathway is activated by the increased intercellular uptake of carbon containing molecules such as glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, or glycerol.  Methylglyoxal is formed from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase, giving off a phosphate group.

Methylglyoxal is then converted into two different products, either D-lactate, and L-lactate.  Methylglyoxal reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase convert methylglyoxal into lactaldehyde and, eventually, L-lactate.  If methylglyoxal enters the glyoxylase pathway, it is converted into lactoylguatathione and eventually D-lactate.  Both D-lactate, and L-lactate are then converted into pyruvate.  The pyruvate that is created most often goes on to enter the Krebs cycle (Weber 711-13).

Enzymes and regulation
The potentially hazardous effects of methylglyoxal require regulation of the reactions with this substrate.  Synthesis of methylglyoxal is regulated by levels of DHAP and phosphate concentrations.  High concentrations of DHAP encourage methylglyoxal synthase to produce methylglyoxal, while high phosphate concentrations inhibit the enzyme, and therefore the production of more methylglyoxal.  The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase affects the levels of DHAP by converting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) into DHAP.  The usual pathway converting GAP to pyruvate starts with the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Weber 711-13).  Low phosphate levels inhibit GAP dehydrogenase; GAP is instead converted into DHAP by triosephosphate isomerase. Again, increased levels of DHAP activate methylglyoxal synthase and methylglyoxal production (Weber 711-13).

The oscillation of Methylglyoxal concentration in feast concentrations
Jan Weber, Anke Kayser, and Ursula Rinas, performed an experiment to test what happened to the methylglyoxal pathway when E. coli was in the presence of a constantly high concentration of glucose.  The concentration of methylglyoxal increased until it reached 20 μmol.  Methylglyoxal concentration then began to decrease, once it reached this level.  The decrease in the concentration of methylglyoxal was connected to the drop in respiratory activity.  When respiration activity increased the concentration of methylglyoxal increased again, until it reached the 20 μmol concentration (Weber 714-15).

Why does the Methylglyoxal pathway exist?
This pathway does not produce any ATP, this pathway does not replace glycolysis, it runs simultaneously to glycolysis and is only initiated with an increased concentration of sugar phosphates.  One believed purpose of the methylglyoxal pathway is to help release the stress of elevated sugar phosphate concentration.  Also when methylglyoxal is formed from DHAP, an inorganic phosphate is given off which can be used to replenish a low concentration of needed inorganic phosphate.  The methylglyoxal pathway is a rather dangerous tactic, both because less energy is produced and a toxic compound, methylglyoxal is formed. (Weber 715).

References

Weber, Jan, Anke Kayser, and Ursula Rinas. Metabolic Flux Analysis of Escherichia Coli In. Vers. 151: 707-716. 6 Dec. 2004. Microbiology. 10 Apr. 2007 <http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/151/3/707>.

Saadat, D., Harrison, D.H.T. "Methylglyoxal Synthase From Escherichia Coli." RCSB Protein Data Base. 24 Apr. 2007. RCSB Protein Data Base. 25 Apr. 2007 <http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1B93>.

"Methylglyoxal Synthase From Escherichia Coli." RCSB Protein Data Base. 24 Apr. 2007. RCSB Protein Data Base. 25 Apr. 2007 <http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1B93>.

Yun, M., C.-G. Park, J.-Y Kim, and H.-W. Park. "Structural Anayysis of Glyeraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: Direct Evidence for Substrate Binding and Cofactor-Induced Confromational Changes. RCSB Protein Data Base. 24 Apr. 2007. RCSB Protein Data Base. 30 Apr. 2007 <http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1DC4>.

Category:Cellular respiration