List of cinemas in Delhi

Cinema has always been one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the city of Delhi, India. Therefore, movie theatres are major entertainment venues in the city, and have been prominent in the nation's movie theatre industry. In recent years Delhi's many single-screen cinema halls have been giving way to large multiplexes.

Cinemas have long been prominent venues in the city. The Delite Cinema, for instance, was once considered the tallest building in Delhi and was patronised by political leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajendra Prasad, Indira Gandhi and such film stars as Dilip Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Dev Anand, Nutan and Madhubala. The Delite has also staged various national and international theatre productions.

Arguably, the first modern multiplex in Delhi, the Anupam4 (now only Anupam or PVR Saket) cinema, was opened in 1997 by PVR (Priya Village Roadshow) in South Delhi and went on to break national records for attendance.

In 2009 the Delhi Cine Goers Association (DCGA) was founded by a group of young movie buffs residing in New Delhi. DCGA is now operating in different businesses of cinema industry.

As of 1 July there are 56 cinemas in Delhi, 17 of which are multiplexes. The total number of screens is 99.

History
By the 1946 there were about seven or eight cinema houses in Old Delhi. "People called them 'bioscope'. The more proletarian members of society called them mandwa," according to a 2002 article in Seminar, a monthly journal in Delhi. "For some reason, the old picture halls were hardly ever called by their proper names — the Ritz, the Novelty or Kumar Talkies (which still stands in Chandni Chowk and has recently been renovated). Instead, they were known by the area in which they were situated. So Kumar Talkies was patharwala and Jagat was machliwala". Movies were advertised by men pushing hoardings (billboards) on wheels down the city streets. "Unknown in those days, M.F. Husain [an Indian artist] could be seen painting movie hoardings on Esplanade Road."

Single-screen cinema halls
Single-screen cinema halls used to be the popular places to watch movies in Delhi. The cinema halls with their large film hoardings were prominent landmarks in the city. However, with the multiplex boom, the number of single-screen cinema halls in Delhi has decreased. Many cinema halls like the Regal Cinema, the first cinema to be constructed in Connaught Place, have become ill-kept and run-down and now mostly screen semi-porn films to the local working class population{Fact}. Others like Westend Cinema have just been shut down or been converted into commercial complexes, like the Kumar Cinema. "Kumar Cinema Chandni Chowk" re-opened under new management as Abhishek Cineplex.

Renovation
With video piracy and DVD sales offering stiffer competition to cinema halls in recent years, some cinema hall owners have countered by offering both upgraded technology and more luxurious surroundings. There are a number of longstanding single theatres that have been renovated or have upgraded their facilities and are still successfully operating as single-screen cinema halls. For example, the old Alankar Cinema in Lajpat Nagar was completely renovated to include shops and restaurants and was reopened as 3C's in 2002.

Plaza Cinema
The Plaza Cinema opened in 1933 and was designed by architect Robert Tor Russell as part of the Connaught Place development. The facade had a classical style with columns that matched adjoining buildings.

The facade was covered over in 1967 by a plain stone slab, while the inside the auditorium has been modernised by a covering of peg board sound insulation tiles which give a bland appearance. Seating is provided in stalls and balcony levels. The cinema is equipped to screen 70mm film and recently underwent a renovation, re-opening in May 2004 by the popular multiplex chain PVR Cinemas. The close-by Rivoli Cinema was also recently renovated and re-opened by PVR Cinemas.

Conversion to multiplexes
There has been a recent trend of converting single-screen cinema halls into multiplexes. Some single-screen theatres have split their auditoriums into two screen rooms. For example, Eros Cinema, the first cinema built in south Delhi, and Odeon Cinema in Connaught Place have been closed and work has begun on converting each into a two-screen multiplex. Chanakya Cinema and Sangam Cinema in south Delhi will also follow suit soon. Others like the Delite Cinema have retained the original cinema hall but have added an additional adjacent screen.

Delite Cinema
Founded in 1955 as a one-screen movie house, the Delite was renovated in 2006 and reopened in December with two screens. The theatre's new amenities include a "handcrafted dome, fire-proof drapery, Egyptian carpets, seats decorated with brocade fabric, brass-holders for drinks, pure leather paneling on the doors, wooden carvings and LED lights" in the 148-seat "Delite Diamond" screen room, according to The Hindu newspaper. The renovation added imported chandeliers from the Czech Republic, Spanish paint, stained glass and woodwork in the lobby, and Victorian lampposts outside the hall. "[T]he washrooms are fitted with Italian marble and Spanish tiles", the newspaper reported. The movie house also features a 100-seat cafeteria for snacks, including the traditional "chuski". The theatre also upgraded its technology with seamless film screens and advanced projectors.

The movie house is meant to serve all strata of society, not just wealthier moviegoers, although ticket prices were raised, the owner told The Hindu. When the theatre reopened in December 2006, initial ticket prices were set at  Rs. 25, 35, 50 and 80 for one of the two new screen rooms, and Rs. 110 and 130 for the more luxurious Delite Diamond.

List of notable single-screen cinema halls in Delhi

Multiplexes

The first modern multiplex was opened in Delhi by PVR Cinemas in 1997 with technology imported from Australia. The PVR Saket went on to revolutionise the movie theatre industry and broke many national records in cinema exhibition in the country. Since then there has been a large boom in multiplexes in Delhi. There are now over 20 multiplexes with more being built. Some of these are stand alone multiplexes while others are located inside malls.

Many of these multiplexes belong to chains, some of the most famous are PVR Cinemas, Wave Cinemas, Fun Cinemas, and Satyam Cineplexes. Many of the multiplexes offer online bookings, home delivery of tickets and loyalty incentives.

Delhi Cine Goers Association (DCGA)
Delhi Cine Goers Association (DCGA) was established in 2009 by a bunch of movie lovers residing in New Delhi area. Since then it has increased its stake in different levels of cinema business. It works with the spirit of Celebrating Cinema.

List of notable multiplexes in Delhi

List of Major Multiplex Chains
 Fun Cinemas Now Cinépolis
 PVR Cinemas
 BIG Cinemas
 Cinépolis
 DT Cinemas
 M2K Cinemas | First cinema in rohini
 MovieTime Cinemas
 Spice Cinemas | In Ghaziabad
 INOX
 Satyam Cineplex Now owned by INOX
 Wave Cinemas
 Carnival Cinemas
 Q Cinemas

First IMAX in NCR
 Logix City Centre Noida with 15 screens

See also
 Cinema in Kolkata

References

External links
PVR Cinemas

Category:Culture of Delhi
Delhi
Cinemas
Category:Buildings and structures in Delhi


Companion statues: Kashyapa and Ananda

The Companion Statues on display at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) flank a three-metre tall Buddha located in the Southeast Asia Gallery on the first floor at the very back in the centre of the gallery. The sculptures are from the Tang Dynasty period (618-906), probably the 8th century, and appear to come from Shanxi Province, China.  They represent two luohans, or disciples of the Buddha. The younger luohan has been at the museum since 1922 and the older was purchased in 1990. Curators have concluded that the two luohans are an original pair, but not a set with the Buddha figure.

The Aged Luohan (Kashyapa)
The older figure represents the luohan Mahākāśyapa (or Kashyapa, Kassapa, or Kasyapa, but not Kashyapa, a figure from Hinduism). The First Buddhist Council began when Mahākassapa asked Ānanda to recite Buddha's discourses.

The Luohan is life-sized and made of marble, sculpted during a time when statues of that size in marble were very rare. It bears a clear resemblance to the younger luohan in size, dress, and medium.  The figure is thinner than the younger one, his rib cage being clearly visible beneath his robes. The statue was purchased in good condition, and only the hands needed to be restored.

The piece was acquired in October 1993 from the Christie's Hong Kong Chinese works of art sale. The statue was noticed only three days before the auction, and permission to bid for the Luohan was obtained by a unanimous agreement by the department. The purchase was possible because of the Levy Bequest of 1990.

The Younger Luohan (Ananda)

The younger Luohan is Ananda, the Buddha's primary attendant.  It is unclear if the head was broken off at the neck at some point and replaced, or if it was originally carved separately. It has been suggested that three neck folds give evidence of the head being broken and rejoined in China and reset in the correct place and angle. The luohan is portrayed as fleshy, short-waisted and slightly androgynous with a developing "dowager's hump". The upper ears have been broken and replaced with now-discolored materials.

The statue is on an oval socle carved with lotus petals. There is evidence that the socle was broken off from a lower base at one time and reattached with cement to a different base of an inverted lotus atop a square plinth. There are traces of light green pigment in crevices under the robe and skirt, consistent with Tang and Tang-style paintings. In a photo from the 1920s, the robe still has large patches of what is most likely the original surface. They show designs of lotus, chrysanthemums and a vine pattern. Unfortunately, poor cleaning has left few traces of the original pattern.

The statue was acquired in 1922 for $750 Canadian dollars. It was paid to the Chinese in Mexican silver, due to the lack of trust the Chinese had for paper money. The statue originates from a temple at Yang Ku Hsien (Yangqu Xian, near Taiyuan). This statue has appeared at Expo 67 in Montreal and the Nara National Museum exhibition "Sources of Japanese Buddhist Art" in 1978 before coming to its permanent home at the museum. It is regarded as the ROM's finest Chinese Buddhist sculptures.

References

Category:Collections of the Royal Ontario Museum
Category:Tang dynasty art
Category:Marble sculptures
Category:Chinese sculpture
Category:Buddhist sculpture
Category:Arhats


(86039) 1999 NC43

, is an asteroid on an eccentric orbit, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. This suspected tumbler and relatively slow rotator was discovered by LINEAR in 1999.

Discovery

The asteroid was discovered on 14 July 1999, by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) team at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site, near Socorro, New Mexico, USA, at an apparent magnitude of 18, using a 1.0-meter reflector.

Its first observation was made by the Catalina Sky Survey in June 1999, extending the asteroid's observation arc by one month prior to its official discovery observation.

Orbit and classification

 has a well-determined orbit with an uncertainty of 0. The body orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.7–2.8 AU once every 2 years and 4 months (852 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.58 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. Its Earth minimum orbit intersection distance is , which corresponds to 9.5 lunar distances. Its most notable close approach to Earth will be on 14 February 2173 at a distance of . The asteroid also makes close approaches to Venus and Mars.

Physical characteristics

The rare Q-type asteroid is one of only 20 characterized bodies of this spectral type in the SMASS taxonomic scheme.

Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurves were obtained from photometric observations by Czech astronomer Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory and American astronomer Brian Warner at his private Palmer Divide Observatory, Colorado. Best rated results gave a rotation period of  hours with an exceptionally high brightness variation of 1.1 magnitude (). Pravec's alternative period of 122 hours was later not supported by Warner. However, there are still other periods possible due to sparse photometric data points. The asteroid is also suspected to be in a tumbling motion, which makes the determination of its period more complex. For an asteroid of its size, it is a relatively slow rotator.

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, the asteroid has a high albedo of 0.35 and a diameter of 1.43 kilometers. Observations by the Keck Observatory in the thermal infrared gave a refined albedo of 0.13–0.14 with a larger diameter of 2.22 kilometers.

Chelyabinsk meteor fragment

 is suspected to be related to the 20-meter Chelyabinsk meteor, which exploded as a bright fireball over Russia on 15 February 2013. Analysis showed similar orbits for both bodies and suggested that they were once part of the same object.

Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 30 August 2004. As of 2018, it has not been named.

Notes

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (85001)-(90000) – Minor Planet Center

Category:Apollo asteroids
Category:Discoveries by LINEAR
Category:Potentially hazardous asteroids
Category:Q-type asteroids (SMASS)
19990714


Cherokee Area Council

The Boy Scouts of America has two councils named Cherokee Area Council:

 Cherokee Area Council (Oklahoma)
 Cherokee Area Council (Tennessee)


Mission Hills, San Diego

Mission Hills is an upscale affluent neighborhood of San Diego, California, USA. It is located on hills just south of the San Diego River valley and north of downtown San Diego, overlooking Old Town, Downtown San Diego, and San Diego Bay.

The area is primarily residential, with boutique shops and restaurants along Washington Blvd. and in other clusters. The oldest parts of the neighborhood were subdivided according to George Marston's 1908 plan, and still consist mainly of houses from the 1908-1930 period, in vernacular, Craftsman, Prairie School, Spanish Colonial Revival and other styles.

Location
The City of San Diego defines two areas, North Mission Hills and South Mission Hills with Washington Street as the dividing line.
North Mission Hills is the area north of Washington Street and:
 East of Old Town
 West of Dove Street and Hillcrest
South of Mission Valley

South Mission Hills is the area comprising historic subdivisions such as Middletown, Middletown Addition, South Florence Heights, Marine View, C.E Seaman, Osborn Hill and others, south of Washington Street and:
 East of India Street and Middletown
 North of Palm Street
 West of Reynard Way and Dove Street

Mission Hills shares the 92103 zip code with Hillcrest and is part of San Diego's Uptown community planning area.

History
The area was developed in the early 20th century and most of the houses are still from that era, often carefully preserved and restored. Homes there were also often designed by San Diego's noted architects including William Hebbard, William Templeton Johnson, Emmor Brooke Weaver, Nathan Rigdon, Richard Requa, and Joel E. Brown. Master Builders such as the Pacific Building Company, Morris B. Irvin, and Martin V. Melhorn contributed by building in the vernacular architecture.

From 1910 till 1939, Mission Hills was connected by the Class 1 streetcars to the city by the San Diego Electric Railway's line 3, the Fort Stockton line, and the neighborhood bears its influence with classic streetcar suburb development including small clusters of commercial buildings where the streetcar stops once were.

The original historic neighborhood commercial district is around Washington and Goldfinch streets, two buildings (the 1913 Classical Revival style Ace Drugstore and the 1929 Spanish Colonial Revival style Funcheon Building) in which have been renovated as the "Paseo de Mission Hills" complex incorporating a historic "Mission Hills" sign.

Modern homes were built along canyon rims as infill during the 1950s and 1960s by modern masters such as Lloyd Ruocco, Homer Delawie, John Lloyd Wright and Sim Bruce Richards, among others. Ironically, San Diego's most famous architect, Irving Gill, never built in Mission Hills, as by the time this area was being developed he was mainly working in Los Angeles County.

The famous horticulturalist Kate Sessions helped to influence development in  Mission Hills. She founded the Mission Hills Nursery, which is still an active business (since 1910).

Streets
The main business streets are University Ave. and Washington St. Other major streets are Ft. Stockton Dr. and Sunset Blvd. Cross streets are named for birds, in alphabetical order from Albatross to Lark.  Streetcar rail tracks were built along the main thoroughfares of the neighborhood, such as Fort Stockton Drive.

Architecture and Historic Districts
Mission Hills contains two historic districts recognized by the City of San Diego:
 Fort Stockton Line Historic District
 Mission Hills Historic District

Parks and culture
Pioneer Park and Mission Hills Park serve as two recreational parks within the neighborhood.

In January 2019, the San Diego Public Library opened the new 14,000-square-foot, Craftsman-style Mission Hills-Hillcrest/Harley & Bessie Knox Library at Washington and Front streets in Hillcrest. This replaced the
former Mission Hills/Hillcrest Branch at Washington and Hawk streets.

Two of the neighborhood's many canyons are open to the public for hiking: Robyn's Egg Trail and the Allen Road Canyon Trail.

Education
Public schools in Mission Hills are part of the San Diego Unified School District.  The public elementary school is Ulysses S. Grant Elementary School, which has grades K-8. Since there is no public high school in the neighborhood, students are given the choice of attending Point Loma High School or San Diego High School.

Several private and religious schools are located in Mission Hills. The best known is the lower school campus of the private Francis Parker School, founded in 1912. This school was run on progressive ideals by  William Templeton Johnson and his wife, Clara.  Mr. Johnson designed the original school building and his wife ran the school.

References

External links

 OurMissionHills.com
 MyMissionHillsNews
 Uptown Community Profile, city of San Diego
 MissionHillsLife.com

Category:Neighborhoods in San Diego
Category:Historic districts in San Diego
Category:Urban communities in San Diego
Category:Streetcar suburbs


Param, Chuuk

Param is a municipality and an island in the Southern Nomoneas (Shiki) Islands of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.

Param municipality consists of Param Island, Totiw Island ( to the south) and Oan Island ( to the west).

References

External links
 www.statoids.com/yfm.html, List of municipalities of Federated States of Micronesia, Retrieved 8 June 2018

Category:Municipalities of Chuuk State


P. T. Barnum

Phineas Taylor Barnum (; July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, politician, and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871–2017). He was also an author, publisher, and philanthropist, though he said of himself: "I am a showman by profession ... and all the gilding shall make nothing else of me". According to his critics, his personal aim was "to put money in his own coffers." He is widely credited with coining the adage "There's a sucker born every minute", although no proof can be found of him saying this.

Barnum became a small business owner in his early twenties and founded a weekly newspaper before moving to New York City in 1834. He embarked on an entertainment career, first with a variety troupe called "Barnum's Grand Scientific and Musical Theater", and soon after by purchasing Scudder's American Museum which he renamed after himself. He used the museum as a platform to promote hoaxes and human curiosities such as the Fiji mermaid and General Tom Thumb. In 1850, he promoted the American tour of Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind, paying her an unprecedented $1,000 a night for 150 nights. He suffered economic reversals in the 1850s due to bad investments, as well as years of litigation and public humiliation, but he used a lecture tour as a temperance speaker to emerge from debt. His museum added America's first aquarium and expanded the wax-figure department.

Barnum served two terms in the Connecticut legislature in 1865 as a Republican for Fairfield, Connecticut. He spoke before the legislature concerning the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude: "A human soul, 'that God has created and Christ died for,' is not to be trifled with. It may tenant the body of a Chinaman, a Turk, an Arab, or a Hottentot—it is still an immortal spirit". He was elected in 1875 as mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut where he worked to improve the water supply, bring gas lighting to streets, and enforce liquor and prostitution laws. He was also instrumental in starting Bridgeport Hospital in 1878 and was its first president. Nevertheless, the circus business was the source of much of his enduring fame. He established "P. T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome", a traveling circus, menagerie, and museum of "freaks" which adopted many names over the years.

Barnum was married to Charity Hallett from 1829 until her death in 1873, and they had four children. In 1874, a few months after his wife's death, he married Nancy Fish, his friend's daughter who was 40 years his junior. They were married until 1891 when Barnum died of a stroke at his home. He was buried in Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, which he designed himself.

Early life
Barnum was born in Bethel, Connecticut, the son of innkeeper, tailor, and store-keeper Philo Barnum (1778–1826) and his second wife Irene Taylor. His maternal grandfather Phineas Taylor was a Whig, legislator, landowner, justice of the peace, and lottery schemer who had a great influence on him.

Barnum had several businesses over the years, including a general store, a book auctioning trade, real estate speculation, and a statewide lottery network. He started a weekly newspaper in 1829 called The Herald of Freedom in Danbury, Connecticut. His editorials against the elders of local churches led to libel suits and a prosecution which resulted in imprisonment for two months, but he became a champion of the liberal movement upon his release. He sold his store in 1834.

He began his career as a showman in 1835 when he was 25 with the purchase and exhibition of a blind and almost completely paralyzed slave woman named Joice Heth, whom an acquaintance was trumpeting around Philadelphia as George Washington's former nurse and 161 years old. Slavery was already outlawed in New York, but he exploited a loophole which allowed him to lease her for a year for $1,000, borrowing $500 to complete the sale. Heth died in February 1836, at no more than 80 years old. Barnum had worked her for 10 to 12 hours a day, and he hosted a live autopsy of her body in a New York saloon where spectators paid 50 cents to see the dead woman cut up, as he revealed that she was likely half her purported age.

Showman

Barnum had a year of mixed success with his first variety troupe called "Barnum's Grand Scientific and Musical Theater", followed by the Panic of 1837 and three years of difficult circumstances. He purchased Scudder's American Museum in 1841, located at Broadway and Ann Street, New York City. He improved the attraction, upgrading the building and adding exhibits, then renamed it "Barnum's American Museum"; it became a popular showplace. He added a lighthouse lamp which attracted attention up and down Broadway and flags along the roof's edge that attracted attention in daytime, while giant paintings of animals between the upper windows drew attention from pedestrians. The roof was transformed to a strolling garden with a view of the city, where he launched hot-air balloon rides daily. A changing series of live acts and curiosities were added to the exhibits of stuffed animals, including albinos, giants, little people, jugglers, magicians, exotic women, detailed models of cities and famous battles, and a menagerie of animals.

Fiji mermaid and Tom Thumb

In 1842, Barnum introduced his first major hoax: a creature with the body of a monkey and the tail of a fish known as the "Feejee" mermaid. He leased it from fellow museum owner Moses Kimball of Boston who became his friend, confidant, and collaborator. Barnum justified his hoaxes by saying that they were advertisements to draw attention to the museum. "I don't believe in duping the public", he said, "but I believe in first attracting and then pleasing them."

He followed the mermaid by exhibiting Charles Stratton, the little person called "General Tom Thumb" ("the Smallest Person that ever Walked Alone") who was then four years old but was stated to be 11. With heavy coaching and natural talent, the boy was taught to imitate people from Hercules to Napoleon. He was drinking wine by age five and smoking cigars by age seven for the public's amusement.

In 1843, Barnum hired the Native American dancer fu-Hum-Me, the first of many First Nations people whom he presented. During 1844–45, he toured with General Tom Thumb in Europe and met Queen Victoria, who was amused but saddened by the little man, and the event was a publicity coup. It opened the door to visits from royalty throughout Europe, including the Tzar of Russia, and enabled Barnum to acquire dozens of new attractions, including automatons and other mechanical marvels. During this time, he went on a spending spree and bought other museums, including artist Rembrandt Peale's Museum in Philadelphia, the nation's first major museum. By late 1846, Barnum's Museum was drawing 400,000 visitors a year.

Jenny Lind

Barnum became aware of the popularity of Jenny Lind, the "Swedish Nightingale", during his European tour with Tom Thumb when her career was at its height in Europe. Barnum had never heard her and conceded to being unmusical himself, but he approached her to sing in America at $1,000 a night for 150 nights, all expenses paid by him. He was confident that he could make use of Lind's reputation for morality and philanthropy in his publicity.

Lind demanded the fee in advance and Barnum agreed; this permitted her to raise a fund for charities, principally endowing schools for poor children in Sweden. Barnum borrowed heavily on his mansion and his museum to raise the money to pay Lind but he was still short of funds; so he persuaded a Philadelphia minister that Lind would be a good influence on American morals, and the minister lent him the final $5,000. The contract also gave Lind the option of withdrawing from the tour after 60 or 100 performances, paying Barnum $25,000 if she did so. Lind and her small company sailed to America in September 1850, but she was a celebrity even before she arrived because of Barnum's months of preparations; close to 40,000 people greeted her at the docks and another 20,000 at her hotel. The press was also in attendance, and "Jenny Lind items" were available to buy. When she realized how much money Barnum stood to make from the tour, she insisted on a new agreement which he signed on September 3, 1850. This gave her the original fee plus the remainder of each concert's profits after Barnum's $5,500 management fee. She was determined to accumulate as much money as possible for her charities.

The tour began with a concert at Castle Garden on September 11, 1850, and it was a major success, recouping Barnum four times his investment. Washington Irving proclaimed, "She is enough to counterbalance, of herself, all the evil that the world is threatened with by the great convention of women. So God save Jenny Lind!" Tickets for some of her concerts were in such demand that Barnum sold them by auction, and public enthusiasm was so strong that the press coined the term "Lind mania". The blatant commercialism of Barnum's ticket auctions distressed Lind, and she persuaded him to make a substantial number of tickets available at reduced prices.

On the tour, Barnum's publicity always preceded Lind's arrival and whipped up enthusiasm; he had up to 26 journalists on his payroll. After New York, the company toured the east coast with continued success, and later went through the southern states and Cuba. By early 1851, Lind had become uncomfortable with Barnum's relentless marketing of the tour, and she invoked a contractual right to sever her ties with him. They parted amicably, and she continued the tour for nearly a year under her own management.  Lind gave 93 concerts in America for Barnum, earning her about $350,000, while Barnum netted at least $500,000 ().

Diversified leisure-time activities
Barnum's next challenge was to change public attitudes about the theater which was widely seen as a "den of evil". He wanted to position theaters as palaces of edification and delight, and as respectable middle-class entertainment. He built New York City's largest and most modern theater, naming it the "Moral Lecture Room." He hoped that this would avoid seedy connotations, attract a family crowd, and win the approval of the moral crusaders of New York City. He started the nation's first theatrical matinées to encourage families and to lessen the fear of crime. He opened with The Drunkard, a thinly disguised temperance lecture (he had become a teetotaler after returning from Europe). He followed that with melodramas, farces, and historical plays put on by highly regarded actors. He watered down Shakespearean plays and others such as Uncle Tom's Cabin to make them family entertainment.

He organized flower shows, beauty contests, dog shows, and poultry contests, but the most popular were baby contests such as the fattest baby or the handsomest twins. In 1853, he started the pictorial weekly newspaper Illustrated News; he completed his autobiography a year later which sold more than a million copies over the course of numerous revisions. Mark Twain loved the book, but the British Examiner thought it "trashy" and "offensive" and wrote that it inspired "nothing but sensations of disgust" and "sincere pity for the wretched man who compiled it".

In the early 1850s, Barnum began investing to develop East Bridgeport, Connecticut. He made substantial loans to the Jerome Clock Company to get it to move to his new industrial area, but the company went bankrupt by 1856, taking Barnum's wealth with it. This started four years of litigation and public humiliation. Ralph Waldo Emerson proclaimed that Barnum's downfall showed "the gods visible again" and other critics celebrated Barnum's public dilemma. But Tom Thumb offered his services, as he was touring on his own, and the two undertook another European tour. Barnum also started a lecture tour, mostly as a temperance speaker. By 1860, he emerged from debt and built a mansion which he called "Lindencroft", and he resumed ownership of his museum.

Barnum went on to create America's first aquarium and to expand the wax figure department of his museum. His "Seven Grand Salons" demonstrated the Seven Wonders of the World. The collections expanded to four buildings, and he published a "Guide Book to the Museum" which claimed 850,000 "curiosities". Late in 1860, Siamese Twins Chang and Eng came out of retirement because they needed more money to send their numerous children to college. They had a touring career on their own and went to live on a North Carolina plantation with their families and slaves under the name of Bunker. They also appeared at Barnum's Museum for six weeks. Also in 1860, Barnum introduced "man-monkey" William Henry Johnson, a microcephalic black little person who spoke a mysterious language created by Barnum. In 1862, he discovered giantess Anna Swan and Commodore Nutt, a new Tom Thumb with whom Barnum visited President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. During the Civil War, his museum drew large audiences seeking diversion from the conflict. He added pro-Unionist exhibits, lectures, and dramas, and he demonstrated commitment to the cause. He hired Pauline Cushman in 1864, an actress who had served as a spy for the Union, to lecture about her "thrilling adventures" behind Confederate lines. Barnum's Unionist sympathies incited a Confederate sympathizer to start a fire in 1864. Barnum's American Museum burned to the ground on July 13, 1865 from a fire of unknown origin. Barnum re-established it at another location in New York City, but this also was destroyed by fire in March 1868. The loss was too great the second time, and Barnum retired from the museum business.

Circus King

Barnum did not enter the circus business until he was 60 years old. He established "P. T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome" in Delavan, Wisconsin, in 1870 with William Cameron Coup; it was a traveling circus, menagerie, and museum of "freaks". It went through various names: "P. T. Barnum's Travelling World's Fair, Great Roman Hippodrome and Greatest Show on Earth", and "P. T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United" after an 1881 merger with James Bailey and James L. Hutchinson, soon shortened to "Barnum & Bailey's". This entertainment phenomenon was the first circus to display three rings. The show's first primary attraction was Jumbo, an African elephant that Barnum purchased in 1882 from the London Zoo. The Barnum and Bailey Circus still contained acts similar to his Traveling Menagerie, including acrobats, freak shows, and General Tom Thumb. Barnum persisted in growing the circus in spite of more fires, train disasters, and other setbacks, and he was aided by circus professionals who ran the daily operations. He and Bailey split up in 1885, but they came back together in 1888 with the "Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show On Earth", later "Barnum & Bailey Circus" which toured the world.

Barnum became known as the "Shakespeare of Advertising" due to his innovative and impressive ideas.

Author and debunker

Barnum wrote several books, including Life of P. T. Barnum (1855), The Humbugs of the World (1865), Struggles and Triumphs (1869), and The Art of Money-Getting (1880).

Barnum was often referred to as the "Prince of Humbugs", and he saw nothing wrong in entertainers or vendors using hoaxes (or "humbug", as he termed it) in promotional material, as long as the public was getting value for money. However, he was contemptuous of those who made money through fraud, especially the spiritualist mediums popular in his day; he testified against noted "spirit photographer" William H. Mumler in his trial for fraud, and he exposed "the tricks of the trade" used by mediums to cheat the bereaved. In The Humbugs of the World, he offered $500 to any medium who could prove power to communicate with the dead.

Role in politics
Barnum was significantly involved in politics. He mainly focused on race, slavery, and sectionalism in the period leading up to the American Civil War.  He opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854, which supported slavery, so he left the Democratic Party which endorsed slavery and became part of the new anti-slavery Republican Party.

Barnum claimed that "politics were always distasteful to me", yet he was elected to the Connecticut legislature in 1865 as Republican representative for Fairfield and served four terms. He hired spies to get insider information on the New York and New Haven Railroad lines and exposed a secret that would raise fares by 20 percent. He said during the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution: "A human soul, 'that God has created and Christ died for,' is not to be trifled with. It may tenant the body of a Chinaman, a Turk, an Arab or a Hottentot—it is still an immortal spirit." He also acknowledged that he had owned slaves when he lived in the South. "I whipped my slaves. I ought to have been whipped a thousand times for this myself. But then I was a Democrat—one of those nondescript Democrats, who are Northern men with Southern principles".

Barnum was elected for the next four Congresses and succeeded Senator Orris S. Ferry. He was the legislative sponsor of a law enacted by the Connecticut General Assembly in 1879 which prohibited the use of "any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception", and also made it a crime to act as an accessory to the use of contraception; this law which remained in effect in Connecticut until it was overturned in 1965 by the U.S. Supreme Court in Griswold v. Connecticut. He ran for Congress in 1867 and lost to his third cousin William Henry Barnum. In 1875, he worked as mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut to improve the water supply, bring gas lighting to streets, and enforce liquor and prostitution laws. He was instrumental in starting Bridgeport Hospital, founded in 1878, and was its first president.

Profitable philanthropy
Barnum enjoyed what he publicly dubbed "profitable philanthropy". "If by improving and beautifying our city Bridgeport, Connecticut, and adding to the pleasure and prosperity of my neighbors, I can do so at a profit, the incentive to 'good works' will be twice as strong as if it were otherwise." He was appointed to the Board of Trustees to Tufts University prior to its founding, and he made several significant contributions to the fledgling institution, including a gift of $50,000 () in 1883 to establish a museum (later known as Barnum Museum of Natural History) and hall for the Department of Natural History. Tufts made Jumbo the elephant the school's mascot, and Tufts students are known as "Jumbos".

Personal life and death
On November 8, 1829, Barnum married Charity Hallett, and they had four children: Caroline Cornelia (1830–1911), Helen Maria (1840–1920), Frances Irena (1842–1844), and Pauline Taylor (1846–1877). His wife died on November 19, 1873, and he married Nancy Fish the following year, the daughter of his close friend John Fish who was 40 years younger than him.

Barnum died from a stroke at home in 1891. He is buried in Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, Connecticut, a cemetery that he designed.

Legacy

Barnum built four mansions in Bridgeport, Connecticut: Iranistan, Lindencroft, Waldemere, and Marina. Iranistan was the most notable, a Moorish Revival architecture designed by Leopold Eidlitz with domes, spires, and lacy fretwork inspired by the Royal Pavilion in Brighton, England. It was built 1848 but burned down in 1857. The Marina Mansion was demolished by the University of Bridgeport in 1964 in order to build their cafeteria.

At his death, critics praised Barnum for good works and called him an icon of American spirit and ingenuity. He asked the Evening Sun to print his obituary just prior to his death so that he might read it. On April 7, 1891, Barnum asked about the box office receipts for the day; a few hours later, he was dead.

In 1893, a statue in his honor was placed by his former partners James Bailey, James A. Hutchinson, and W. W. Cole, at Seaside Park in Bridgeport. Barnum had donated the land for this park in 1865. His circus was sold to Ringling Brothers on July 8, 1907, for $400,000 (about $10.45 million in 2017 dollars). The Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey circuses ran separately until they merged in 1919, forming the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.

The city of Bridgeport issued a  commemorative coin in 1936 for their centennial celebration, with his portrait for the obverse. Cartoonist Walt Kelly grew up in Bridgeport and named a character in Barnum's honor in his Pogo comic strip. An annual six-week Barnum Festival was held for many years in Bridgeport as a tribute to Barnum. The Bethel Historical Society commissioned a life-sized sculpture to honor the 200th anniversary of his birth, created by local resident David Gesualdi and placed outside the public library. The statue was dedicated on September 26, 2010.

Barnum co-founded the Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Steamboat Company in 1883 with Charles E. Tooker, which continues to operate across the Long Island Sound between Port Jefferson, New York and Bridgeport. The company owns and operates three vessels, one of which is named the M.V. PT Barnum. The Barnum Museum in Bridgeport houses many of Barnum's oddities and curiosities.

In popular culture

Films and television
 A Lady's Morals (1930) – played by Wallace Beery
 Jenny Lind (1932) – played by André Berley
 The Mighty Barnum (1934) – played again by Wallace Beery
 The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) – played by a cast which included many from the Ringling Bros/Barnum & Bailey Circus
 Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon (1967) – played by Burl Ives
 Barnum! (1986) – played by Michael Crawford; a filmed version of the Broadway musical (see below), filmed in London
 Barnum (1986) – played by Burt Lancaster; made-for-TV movie
 P. T. Barnum (1999) – played by Beau Bridges; made-for-TV movie
 Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001) – The character Rourke references P. T. Barnum
 Gangs of New York (2002) – played by Roger Ashton-Griffiths
 DC's Legends of Tomorrow (2017) – In season 3 episode 2, titled "Freakshow", the Legends attempt to fix the anachronism in 1870 that happens to be P. T. Barnum's circus.
 The Greatest Showman (2017) – a musical loosely based around P. T. Barnum and his circus. Hugh Jackman plays Barnum and co-produced the film.

Theater
 Barnum! (1980) – Broadway musical based on Barnum's life, played by Jim Dale

Books
 The Great and Only Barnum; the Tremendous, Stupendous life of Showman P. T. Barnum by Candace Fleming, Schwartz and Wade Book, a division of Random House, New York. (2009).

Publications
 The Life of P. T. Barnum: Written By Himself. Originally published New York: Redfield, 1855. Reprinted., Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2000. .
 Struggles and Triumphs, or Forty Years' Recollections of P. T. Barnum. Originally published 1869. Reprinted., Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, 2003.  (Part 1) and  (Part 2).
 Art of Money Getting, or, Golden Rules for Making Money. Originally published 1880. Reprinted., Bedford, MA: Applewood, 1999. .
 The Wild Beasts, Birds, and Reptiles of the World: The Story of their Capture. Pub. 1888, R. S. Peale & Company, Chicago.
 Why I Am A Universalist. Originally published 1890 Reprint Kessinger Pub Co.

See also

 Barnum effect
 Barnum's Aquarial Gardens, Boston, Massachusetts (1862–1863)
 Cardiff Giant
 Carl Hagenbeck
 Colonel Routh Goshen
 Fedor Jeftichew
 Human zoo
 Isaac W. Sprague
 Jenny Lind private railroad car
 Lucia Zarate
 Nellie Keeler
 The Greatest Show on Earth
 Wild Men of Borneo
 Zip the Pinhead

References

Further reading
 Adams, Bluford. E Pluribus Barnum: The Great Showman and the Making of U.S. Popular Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. .
 Alderson, William T., ed.  Mermaids, Mummies, and Mastodons: The Emergence of the American Museum.  Washington, DC: American Association of Museums for the Baltimore City Life Museums, 1992.
 Barnum, Patrick Warren. Barnum Genealogy: 650 Years of Family History. Boston: Higginson Book Co., 2006.  (hardcover),  (softcover), LCCN 2005903696.
 Benton, Joel. The Life of Phineas T. Barnum, .
 Betts, John Rickards. "P. T. Barnum and the Popularization of Natural History", Journal of the History of Ideas 20, no. 3 (1959): 353–368.
 Cook, James W. The Arts of Deception: Playing with Fraud in the Age of Barnum. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. . Relates Barnum's Fiji Mermaid and What Is It? exhibits to other popular arts of the nineteenth century, including magic shows and trompe l'oeil paintings.
 Harding, Les. Elephant Story: Jumbo and P. T. Barnum Under the Big Top. Jefferson, NC.: McFarland & Co., 2000. . (129 p.)
 Harris, Neil. Humbug: The Art of P. T. Barnum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. .

 Reiss, Benjamin. The Showman and the Slave: Race, Death, and Memory in Barnum's America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. . Focuses on Barnum's exhibition of Joice Heth.
 Saxon, Arthur H. P. T. Barnum: The Legend and the Man. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995. .
 Uchill, Ida Libert. Howdy, Sucker! What P. T. Barnum Did in Colorado. Denver: Pioneer Peddler Press, 2001.
 Jefferson, Margo. On Michael Jackson. New York, NY: Pantheon, 2006. . Critique of Michael Jackson, including his obsession with P. T. Barnum and "Freaks."

 The Colossal P. T. Barnum Reader: Nothing Else Like It in the Universe. Ed. by James W. Cook. Champaign, University of Illinois Press, 2005. .
 Woolf, John. The Wonders: Lifting the Curtain on the Freak Show, Circus and Victorian Age (London: Michael O'Mara, 2019)

External links

 Phineas Taylor Barnum papers, 1818–1993
 P. T. Barnum's genealogy at the Barnum Family Genealogy website

 The Barnum Museum
 Barnum's circus affiliation
 P. T. Barnum at Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus
 Barnum's American Museum
 House of Deception – An article about Barnum's handwriting & signature
 The Lost Museum – A virtual reproduction of Barnum's American Museum; includes a collection of primary source materials
 Entry on P. T. Barnum in the Concise Encyclopedia of Tufts History
 Art of Money Getting by P. T. Barnum

 Full text of The Life of Phineas T. Barnum by Joel Benton, from Project Gutenberg
 P. T. Barnum did not say "There's a sucker born every minute"
 P. T. Barnum, the Shakespeare of Advertising
 P. T. Barnum and Henry Bergh Bergh was founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA).
 Facebook Page Bethel Historical Society, P. T. Barnum Monument, "P. T. Barnum – The Lost Legend" Documentary.
 An 1890 recording of Barnum's voice
 Marina Mansion

 Tribute to Ringling Bros.and Barnum & Bailey Circus by brothers Charles Elias Disney & Daniel H. Disney

Category:1810 births
Category:1891 deaths
Category:American entertainment industry businesspeople
Category:American memoirists
Category:Burials at Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport
Category:Connecticut Democrats
Category:Connecticut Republicans
Category:Mayors of Bridgeport, Connecticut
Category:Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
Category:Businesspeople from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Category:People from Fairfield, Connecticut
Category:Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
Category:Members of the Universalist Church of America
Category:Neurological disease deaths in the United States
Category:19th-century Christian universalists
Category:19th-century American people
Category:19th-century American politicians
Category:Circus owners
Category:American slave owners
Category:American abolitionists


Susan Hopper

Susan Hopper is a French novel series for young teens written by Anne Plichota and Cendrine Wolf, two Strasbourg librarians known for writing the Oksa Pollock series. The series is intended to be a trilogy and centers on the character of Susan Hopper, a young girl that lost her parents in a fire.

Of the series, Plichota and Wolf have stated that the tone is more "gothic" and "dark" than the Pollock novels and set in the city of Buenos Aires, enigmatic city of South America.

Novels
Susan Hopper, le parfum perdu (March 2013)
TBA

References

External links

Category:2013 novels
Category:French children's novels
Category:2013 children's books
Category:Novels set in Buenos Aires


Andrew Maclean Pollock

Andrew Maclean Pollock (11 June 1914 – 19 December 1969) was a Scottish-born South African cricketer, who played a small number of first-class matches for Orange Free State. A left-handed bat and wicketkeeper, he was the father of Peter Pollock and Graeme Pollock, the grandfather of Shaun, Anthony and Andrew Graeme Pollock, and the brother in law of Robert Howden.

References

External links

Category:1914 births
Category:1969 deaths
Category:South African cricketers
Category:Free State cricketers
Category:Scottish emigrants to South Africa


Mount Hollingsworth

Mount Hollingsworth () is a mountain  south of Priestley Peak, close south of Amundsen Bay in Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for R.J.T. Hollingsworth, a geophysicist at Mawson Station in 1961.

References

Category:Mountains of Enderby Land


L'École des veuves

L'École des Veuves (School for Widows) is a 1936 one-act play (or playlet) written by French dramatist Jean Cocteau. He wrote it originally for the actress Arletty.

The play is modeled after Molière's The School for Wives (1662), and it uses a story from Satyricon by Roman author Petronius.

L'École des veuves was not published until 1949 when it appeared Cocteau's Théatre de Poche. It has been translated in English as School for Widows by Margaret Crosland and published in Cocteau's world: An anthology of writings by Jean Cocteau (1972).

References

Category:Plays by Jean Cocteau
Category:1936 plays


Tyler County Courthouse (Texas)

The Tyler County Courthouse in Woodville, Texas was built in 1891.

It was a red brick building in Italianate style when built.  A 1936 renovation added stucco.  Tallish, narrow windows topped by arches are among remnants of Italianate style.

It was the third courthouse built on the courthouse square.

The building received emergency electrical rewiring work in 2004.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Tyler County, Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Tyler County

References

External links

Category:Courthouses in Texas
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Tyler County, Texas
Category:Italianate architecture in Texas
Category:Government buildings completed in 1891


Scleronema

Scleronema may refer to:

 Scleronema, a genus of fishes in the family Trichomycteridae.
 Scleronema, a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae.


Frederick Miller (British journalist)

Frederick Miller (1863 – 6 November 1924) was a British journalist, who briefly became editor of The Daily Telegraph from the year 1923 to 1924.

Biography
Miller was born in Dundee. He attended the High School of Dundee and the University of Edinburgh, and after graduating joined The Scotsman. Within a matter of weeks, he was recommended for the post of assistant sub-editor of the Telegraph, beginning an association with the newspaper of over forty years.

In 1885, he was appointed chief sub-editor, but a golf accident that caused him to lose his eye led to his transferral to outdoor duty as a reporter for some months. In 1900, he was appointed an assistant to the editor, Sir John le Sage, later becoming his chief assistant. Taking the position of assistant editor in 1914, he went to Paris soon after the outbreak of the First World War to organise the Telegraph'''s reporting.

In June 1923, Sir John retired after forty years at the helm, and Miller succeeded him as editor. However, little more than 15 months later, he died suddenly, on 6 November 1924.

References

 Dennis Griffiths (ed.) The Encyclopedia of the British Press 1422–1992, London & Basingstoke: Macmillan: 1992. p. 412
 The Dundee High School Magazine'', 1932.

Miller Fred
Category:1924 deaths
Category:British male journalists
Category:Scottish newspaper editors
Category:People educated at the High School of Dundee
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Journalists from Dundee
Category:People from Dundee
Category:Daily Telegraph journalists


Milomir Marić

Milomir Marić (Serbian Cyrillic: Миломир Марић; born 7 January 1956) is a Serbian journalist and writer. Currently, he is host of several programs on Happy TV — daily morning show Jutarnji program, weekly panel show Ćirilica, irregularly broadcast one-on-one talk show Goli život, as well as reality show Parovi.

Biography
He began his journalism career in the mid-1970s at Duga, a bi-weekly magazine re-launched a few years earlier in the early 1970s in Belgrade, SR Serbia. He made his name via interviews with Yugoslav dissidents, such as Franjo Tuđman whom he interviewed in 1981. His articles were controversial and in some cases led to terminations of his editors and supervisors.

Throughout the 1980s, Marić was able to secure interviews with a number of aging Yugoslav communists — a basis for his 1987 book Deca komunizma ("Children of Communism"). Vladimir Dedijer was his mentor during the time (1979–1986) he wrote this book. The book was a considerable commercial and critical success, and he soon got an invitation for professional training at Yale, Harvard and Princeton.

In the early 1990s, he returned to Belgrade and his old magazine Duga where he was appointed editor-in-chief. Although the magazine was ostensibly critical of Slobodan Milošević, it also published a monthly column written by Milošević's wife Mira Marković, which was often ridiculed for its poetic naivety. During this time, Duga journalist Dada Vujasinović died from a gunshot under suspicious circumstances (the death is officially described as suicide).

Later in the 1990s, Marić was sacked from Duga, leading to a period during which he worked for and edited several publications, including most notably Profil, which he launched himself.

In 2001, he became a director at Bogoljub Karić's BK TV. His involvement with BKTV ended during the mid-2000s after the network lost its national broadcasting license.

By 2010, Marić landed at the Predrag "Peconi" Ranković-owned Happy TV where he has been working ever since.

References

Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Gornji Milanovac
Category:Serbian journalists
Category:Yugoslav journalists
Category:Serbian television presenters
Category:Parovi


2002 Arab Junior Athletics Championships

The 2002 Arab Junior Athletics Championships was the tenth edition of the international athletics competition for under-20 athletes from Arab countries. It took place in Cairo, Egypt – the city hosted the tournament once before in 1986. A total of 43 athletics events were contested, 22 for men and 21 for women. After an absence in 2000, regional powers Morocco, Algeria and Qatar all returned to the tournament.

Morocco topped the table with twelve gold medals, followed by Egypt which won eight titles. Tunisia and Saudi Arabia each won six medals, with Tunisia mainly having success in women's events and Saudi Arabia winning only men's medals. A women's pole vault was added to the programme, leaving just the steeplechase as the remaining event contested by men but not women. Junior implements were used in the throws events for the first time.

Morocco's Yassine Bensghir completed a men's middle-distance double and was the World Junior Champion that same year. Ismail Ahmed Ismail was third to him in the 800 metres, but went on to much greater success as a senior, winning Sudan's first Olympic medal in 2008. The sprints saw the rise of Yahya Habeeb and Yahya Al-Ghahes of Saudi Arabia (both future Asian champions). The men's throws saw the emergence of a new generation of athletes who would dominate regionally: Sultan Al-Hebshi and Ali Al-Zinkawi later won Asian titles in their disciplines, while the Egyptian trio of Yasser Ibrahim Farag, Omar Ahmed El Ghazaly and Mohsen Mohamed Anani later won gold medals at the African Championships in Athletics in the shot put, discus and hammer throw, respectively.

In women's events, sprint medallists Muna Jabir Adam and Gretta Taslakian each later became continental medallists in their specialities. Mariem Alaoui Selsouli was a medallist in both long-distance events and later won medals at the IAAF World Indoor Championships.

Medal summary

Men

Women

Medal table

References

Category:Arab Junior Athletics Championships
Category:International athletics competitions hosted by Egypt
Category:Sports competitions in Cairo
Arab Junior Athletics Championships
Arab Junior Athletics Championships
Category:2000s in Cairo
Category:2002 in youth sport
Category:Athletics in Cairo


Alwyn Machen

Joseph Robert Alwyn Machen (3 May 1900 – 2 March 1960) was an English trade union leader who was president of the Yorkshire Area of the National Union of Mineworkers and posthumously elected president of the National Union of Mineworkers.

Born into a coal mining family in Clowne, Derbyshire, Machen left school and began working as a coal miner at the age of 13.  He continued his education at the Chesterfield Labour College, and soon began to lecture personally at the college.  He joined the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB), and through this role, helped organise a major demonstration in London in 1925, where he heard Herbert Smith and A. J. Cook speak, becoming a supporter of the two miners' leaders.

Following the UK general strike, Machen struggled to find work, but eventually gained employment at a colliery in Thorne in Yorkshire.  There, he joined the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB), and rapidly rose through its ranks, first within his local union branch, then in 1945 becoming the regional Compensation Agent.  In this role, he became well-known and wrote a book on the Industrial Injuries Act, 1946.  In 1952, he was elected as President of the Yorkshire Miners' Association.

A member of the Labour Party, Machen was elected as a councillor on the West Riding of Yorkshire County Council, and also on Thorne Rural District Council.

Machen first stood for the post of President of the National Union of Mineworkers (successor to the MFGB) in 1945, coming second to Will Lawther.  He stood again in January 1960, but on 2 March died suddenly in hospital in Leeds, aged 59.  The count for the presidential election was completed a few days later, showing that he had been posthumously elected to the position.

References

Category:1900 births
Category:1960 deaths
Category:Councillors in Yorkshire and the Humber
Category:Labour Party (UK) councillors
Category:People from Clowne
Category:Presidents of the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)


Orticumab

Orticumab (INN) is a human monoclonal antibody that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent and binds to oxLDL. It acts as an immunomodulator.

References

Category:Monoclonal antibodies


Staraya Sloboda

Staraya Sloboda () is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Staraya Sloboda, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Baryatinsky District of Kaluga Oblast
Staraya Sloboda, Leningrad Oblast, a village in Yanegskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Lodeynopolsky District in Leningrad Oblast
Staraya Sloboda, Moscow Oblast, a village in Grebnevskoye Rural Settlement of Shchyolkovsky District in Moscow Oblast
Staraya Sloboda, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement of Gagarinsky District in Smolensk Oblast
Staraya Sloboda, Vladimir Oblast, a selo in Alexandrovsky District of Vladimir Oblast


Laurence Burnside

Laurence Burnside (born 19 July 1946) is a former Bahamian cyclist. He competed in the 1000m time trial at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

References

Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:Bahamian male cyclists
Category:Olympic cyclists of the Bahamas
Category:Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Cyclists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for the Bahamas
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)


PAFAH1B2

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAFAH1B2 gene.

Interactions

PAFAH1B2 has been shown to interact with PAFAH1B1.

See also
 PAFAH1B1
 PAFAH1B3

References

Further reading


What Kind of World (The Cables album)

What Kind of World is the debut album from Jamaican vocal trio The Cables. It was released in 1970 by Studio One, and collects tracks from singles the group recorded for the label. Backing was provided by Studio One house band the Soul Vendors, which included musicians such as Jackie Mittoo, Eric Frater, and Leroy Sibbles. The album has been described as "a masterpiece of early reggae", and "the most perfect of Studio One vocal albums".

The album was re-issued on CD in 1991 by Heartbeat Records.

Track listing
"Baby Why"
"Be A Man"
"What Am I To Do"
"Got To Find Someone"
"No New Love"
"What Kind Of World"
"My Broken Heart"
"Cheer Up"
"Let Them Talk"
"Love Is A Pleasure"

References

External links
The Cables - What Kind of World, Roots Archives

Category:1970 albums
Category:The Cables albums
Category:Heartbeat Records albums


Mohamed El-Husseini

Mohamed El-Husseini or Mohamed El Houseny (born ) is a former Egyptian male volleyball player. He was part of the Egypt men's national volleyball team. He competed with the national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, finishing 11th.

See also
 Egypt at the 2000 Summer Olympics

References

External links
 profile at sports-reference.com

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Egyptian men's volleyball players
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Volleyball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic volleyball players of Egypt


Anita Ramasastry

Anita Ramasastry is the D. Wayne & Anne Gittinger Professor of Law at the University of Washington School of Law in Seattle and a director of the Shidler Center for Law, Commerce & Technology. She is also a regular columnist for the online legal commentary Writ.

Ramasastry earned a B.A. in 1988 from Harvard University, a M.A. in 1990 from University of Sydney, and a J.D. in 1992 from Harvard Law School.

Upon graduation, she worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and worked and taught in Budapest. She clerked for Justice Alan B. Handler of the New Jersey Supreme Court and has taught at University of Washington since 1996.

As of 2011, Ramasastry is a senior advisor in the International Trade Administration at the US Dept. of Commerce as part of the Obama administration. She is working with former Washington Governor, Gary Locke who is currently the Secretary of Commerce. Ramasastry is a member of the Department of Commerce Internet Policy Task Force.

Awards
 Fulbright Senior Scholar Award, National University Ireland (Galway) (2008)
 Asia Society, Asia 21 Young Leader Fellowship (2008)
 Philip A. Trautman 1L Professor of the Year (2006, 2003, 1997)
 Outstanding Academician Award, North American South Asian Bar Association (2004)
 University of Washington Outstanding Public Service Award (for Immigrant Families Advocacy Project) (2002)
 University of Washington Distinguished Teaching Award (1998)

External links
Anita Ramasastry profile via University of Washington.
2002 Outstanding Public Service Award citation via University of Washington

Category:Harvard Law School alumni
Category:Living people
Category:University of Sydney alumni
Category:University of Washington faculty
Category:Berkman Fellows
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


Megachile analis

Megachile analis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Nylander in 1852.

References

Analis
Category:Insects described in 1852
Category:Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist)


Robert E. Grant (politician)

Robert E. Grant (September 26, 1825 – July 17, 1888) was a Virginia farmer and dentist who represented Washington County for one term in the Virginia House of Delegates and later at the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861. During the American Civil War, he recruited a company of the 37th Virginia Infantry, but failed to win re-election as captain, and ultimately moved to Texas in 1872 and re-established his practice.

Early life and career
The first child born to farmer James Grant (1800–1886?) and his wife Elizabeth (1805 – before 1890), Robert E. Grant had three younger brothers and four younger sisters. Although neither he nor his father owned slaves in 1850, by 1860 in addition to employing a 27-year-old free black farm laborer, Grant owned a 40-year-old enslaved black man, and 24- and 12-year-old enslaved black females.

Grant married Ann Long Snodgrass on December 15, 1850, and they had nearly a dozen children, although several failed to reach adulthood.

Career

In 1857, Washington County voters elected Grant to the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he failed to win re-election, Washington County voters elected him and fellow Unionist John Arthur Campbell as their delegates to the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, defeating pro-secessionists William Y.C. White and Ben Rush Floyd. Grant initially supported Union, but either left or changed his vote at the end to support secession.

After Virginia's voters also ratified secession, and Confederate troops won at the First Battle of Manassas in July 1861, Grant recruited the King's Mountain Rifles in Abingdon and accepted a commission as its captain. His unit became Company H of the 37th Virginia Infantry, commanded by former judge Samuel V. Fulkerson. Capt. Grant served for less than a year in the unit, including during General Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign and the First Battle of Kernstown. His unit refused to re-elect him during the April 1862 reorganization, instead promoting Sergeant William F. Duff to captain of Company H.

Final years, death and legacy

Grant moved his family to Austin, Texas in 1872. Virginia farmers had endured two seasons of terrible crops, and by 1880 his parents had also moved to Abbeville County, South Carolina to live with his sister and a grandson. Grant prospered financially in Texas, but died in Austin on July 17, 1888, survived for nearly two decades by his widow, as well as several children. He is buried at Austin's Oakwood Cemetery.

References

Category:1825 births
Category:1888 deaths
Category:People from Washington County, Virginia
Category:People from Austin, Texas
Category:Confederate States Army officers
Category:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Category:People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Category:American dentists
Category:Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Austin, Texas)
Category:19th-century American politicians


2010 United States Senate election in Missouri

The 2010 United States Senate election in Missouri took place on November 2, 2010 alongside 36 other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Primary elections were held on August 3, 2010. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Kit Bond decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Roy Blunt won the open seat.

Republican primary

Candidates
 Roy Blunt, U.S. Representative since 1997
 Davis Conway
 Tony Laszacs
 Hector Maldonado
 Kristi Nichols
 R.L. Praprotnik
 Chuck Purgason, State Senator
 Deborah Solomon
 Mike Vontz

Polling

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates
 Robin Carnahan, Missouri Secretary of State
 Richard Charles Tolbert
 Francis Vangeli

Results

Other primaries

Constitution

Candidates

Declared
 Jerry Beck
 Joe Martellaro
 Mike Simmons

Libertarian

Candidates

Declared
 Jonathan Dine
 Cisse Spragins

General election

Candidates
 Roy Blunt (R), U.S. Representative
 Robin Carnahan (D), Missouri Secretary of State
 Jerry Beck (C)
 Jonathan Dine (L)
 Mark S. Memoly (write-in)
 Frazier Glenn Miller (write-in), perennial candidate
 Jeff Wirick (write-in)
 Richie L. Wolfe (write-in)

Campaign
Carnahan and national Democrats have heavily criticized Blunt for his support of bailouts, calling him "Bailout Blunt." Blunt criticized her for supporting President Obama's stimulus package, the cap-and-trade energy bill, and the health care reform bill.

Carnahan was endorsed by the Kansas City Star, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, and the St. Louis American.

Blunt was endorsed by the Quincy Herald-Whig and the St. Joseph News-Press.

Debates
 October 14: Televised on Kansas City Public Television in Kansas City, Missouri.
 October 18: Missouri Press Association convention in Lake of the Ozarks State Park.
 October 29: Televised on KTVI in St. Louis.

Predictions

Polling

Fundraising

Results

See also
 United States Senate elections, 2010
 Missouri state auditor election, 2010
 Missouri Senate elections, 2010

References

External links
 Elections from the Missouri Secretary of State
 Official candidate lists
 U.S. Congress candidates for Missouri at Project Vote Smart
 Missouri U.S. Senate 2010 from OurCampaigns.com
 Campaign contributions from Open Secrets
 2010 Missouri Senate General Election: Roy Blunt (R) vs Robin Carnahan (D) graph of multiple polls from Pollster.com
 Election 2010: Missouri Senate from Rasmussen Reports
 2010 Missouri Senate - Blunt vs. Carnahan from Real Clear Politics
 2010 Missouri Senate Race from CQ Politics
 Race profile from The New York Times
 News coverage from The Midwest Democracy Project at The Kansas City Star
 News coverage at the St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Official campaign websites
 Roy Blunt for U.S. Senate
 Robin Carnahan for U.S. Senate
 Jerry Beck for U.S. Senate
 Cisse Spragins for U.S. Senate
 Hector Maldonado for U.S. Senate

Missouri
2010
United States Senate


Mariner-Mars 1964

Mariner-Mars 1964 can refer to two American spaceprobes:
 Mariner 3
 Mariner 4


Zeta One

Zeta One is a 1969 British comedy science fiction film directed by Michael Cort and starring James Robertson Justice, Charles Hawtrey and Robin Hawdon.

It was made for a budget of £60,000.

Cast
 James Robertson Justice - Major Bourdon
 Charles Hawtrey - Swyne
 Robin Hawdon - James Word
 Anna Gaël - Clotho
 Dawn Addams - Zeta
 Brigitte Skay - Lachesis
 Valerie Leon - Atropos
 Lionel Murton - W
 Yutte Stensgaard - Ann Olsen
 Wendy Lingham - Edwina 'Ted' Strain
 Carol Hawkins - Zara
 Rita Webb - Clippie
 Steve Kirby - Sleth
 Paul Baker - Bourdon's Assistant
 Angela Grant - Angvia Girl
 Kirsten Betts - Angvia Girl

Production
Zeta One was the first film shot at Camden Studios, which was formerly a wallpaper factory in North London. The plot of the film was based on a short story in the magazine Zeta.

Release
Zeta One was released in the United Kingdom in 1969. The film was not a commercial success on its release. It was released in America by Film Ventures International, briefly in 1973 as The Love Slaves and then wider in 1974 under the title The Love Factor.

Reception
The film received negative reviews on its initial release. In the Monthly Film Bulletin, David McGillivray described the film's themes as "quite preposterous in illogicality and silliness".

References

External links

Category:1969 films
Category:British films
Category:British science fiction comedy films
Category:English-language films
Category:1960s science fiction comedy films


Diljalaa

Diljalaa is a  1987 Indian crime drama film, released on 7 August 1987. It was written by Vinay Shukla and directed by director Bapu. The music was composed by Bappi Lahiri.

Plot
Widowed, multi-millionaire Sharda lives with an only son, Munna (Jackie Shroff); she is also the proprietor of a factory called "Sharda Chemicals". Sharda arranges Munna's marriage with the factory's general manager, Ratanmuni Gupta's daughter, Mamta (Farha), who is currently pursuing studies at Lovedale College in Manori. On the day of the engagement, Mamta insults her dad, Munna and Sharda in the presence of a huge gathering, thus the marriage plans get canceled. Then several children get killed after receiving a vaccine manufactured and marketed by "Sharda Chemicals", prompting the police to arrest Sharda, who is convicted of the crime in court. Eventually, Munna is killed by Gupta - who along with his friends, D.S. Mittal, Mehra, Radhey and Shyam, take over the family's assets, thus renaming the factory, "Friends Chemicals". Gupta then arranges to get Mamta married to wealthy, Mrs. Modi's son, Azad. But before the marriage, Mamta gets pregnant by a male in disguise of Azad, prompting Mrs. Modi to cancel the wedding plans, while on the other hand, Gupta began to face many challenges in business. Quite unknown to Gupta and his friends, Munna survives and is out to destroy them one after the other.

Cast
Jackie Shroff as Munna
Farha as Mamta
Danny Denzongpa as Ratanmuni Gupta
Tanuja
Ramesh Deo
Narendra Nath
Annu Kapoor

Soundtrack

References

External links

Category:1987 films
Category:1980s crime action films
Category:1980s crime drama films
Category:1980s action drama films
Category:Indian crime action films
Category:Indian crime drama films
Category:Indian action drama films
Category:Indian films
Category:Films directed by Bapu
Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri
Category:1980s Hindi-language films


Reggie Tsiboe

Reggie Tsiboe (born 7 September 1950 Kumasi, Gold Coast) is one of the former lead singers of the disco group Boney M. between 1982 and 1986 and later between 1989 and 1990.

In 1982 Reggie originally replaced the dancer Bobby Farrell, but in 1984 Farrell rejoined the group and they became a quintet. In 1986, the original band split after 10 successful years, but in 1989, Liz Mitchell and Reggie formed a new official version of Boney M. and in 1990 released with the help of the producer Frank Farian the single "Stories", but a few months later both went their separate ways.

Reggie appeared on the last three Boney M. albums: Ten Thousand Lightyears (1984), Kalimba de Luna - 16 Happy Songs (1984) and Eye Dance (1985) and also recorded Christmas songs with the group, which were internationally released only after the split of the band on the new Boney M. Christmas album, The 20 Greatest Christmas Songs in 1986. Reggie sang the main vocals on a number of Boney M. songs, including "Kalimba de Luna", "Happy Song", "Going Back West", "My Chérie Amour", "Young, Free and Single", "Dreadlock Holiday" and "Barbarella Fortuneteller".

On 21 September 2006, Reggie and the two other lead singers of Boney M., Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett, were special guests in London at the premiere of the musical Daddy Cool, which is based on the music of the famous group.

Before he joined the group he was a movie star in Ghana. One of the movies that gained him popularity was the film Love Brewed in an African Pot. Following his Boney M period Tsiboe returned to acting.

Reggie now lives in Marlborough, Wiltshire in England.

References

Category:1950 births
Category:Boney M. members
Category:Living people
Category:Ghanaian musicians
Category:People from Kumasi
Category:Ghanaian male film actors
Category:20th-century Ghanaian male actors


El Espinal

El Espinal may refer to:
El Espinal, Tolima, Colombia
El Espinal, Oaxaca, Mexico
El Espinal, Los Santos, Panama


Tollywood films of the 1960s

Tollywood films of the 1960s may refer to:

 Bengali films of the 1960s
 Telugu films of the 1960s


Atlantic Coast Airlines

Atlantic Coast Airlines (ACA) was an airline based in the United States owned by Atlantic Coast Holdings, Inc. It operated as United Express for United Airlines and Delta Connection for Delta Air Lines. It was headquartered in the Dulles area of unincorporated Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. Previously it was headquartered in Reston, unincorporated Fairfax County. Before then, it was headquartered in Sterling, unincorporated Loudoun County.

History
The airline was established and started operations on December 15, 1989, and had been in a marketing agreement with United Airlines since its inception. In 1999 it established Atlantic Coast Jet to operate as a Delta Connection carrier, but this was later reintegrated.

Atlantic Coast Airlines operated United Express flights out of Dulles and O'Hare International Airport in Chicago with Jetstream 32, Jetstream 41, DeHavilland DHC-8, Embraer 120 Brasilia and Canadair regional jet aircraft. Their Delta Connection flights out of Logan International Airport in Boston, New York City's LaGuardia Airport, and Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in Covington, Kentucky were operated with the Fairchild Dornier 328. During 2003 revenues were generated about 80% from United Express operations and 20% from Delta Connection.

United Airlines entered bankruptcy protection in December 2002.  At that time United Airlines contracted a consulting firm, Bain, to renegotiate its regional partners contracts.  Atlantic Coast Airlines employees and management went through a significant cost reduction program to remain competitive as a United Express carrier.  Presented with overwhelming competition from other regional airlines Atlantic Coast Airlines and United Airlines were unable to negotiate a mutual agreement. At that time Atlantic Coast Airlines continued to honor its 10-year contract with United Airlines. Expecting that United would be unable to honor that contract, Atlantic Coast Airlines developed an alternate business plan.

After announcing plans to part with United Airlines, Atlantic Coast Airlines' significant cash position made it a prime target for a takeover attempt. Mesa Air Group launched an attempt at a hostile takeover in the summer of 2003, engaging in what some allege were significant U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission violations. At the same time the employees of Atlantic Coast Airlines organized a grass roots effort to avert the takeover attempt. Within a few months the stock purchase plan was removed by Mesa.

On November 19, 2003, Atlantic Coast Airlines announced that it would become a low-cost carrier under the name of Independence Air. Its status as a United Express carrier ended on August 4, 2004, and its status as a Delta Connection carrier ended November 2, 2004. Operations as Independence Air began on June 16, 2004. On January 5, 2006, Independence Air ceased operations.

On March 10, 2006, Northwest Airlines purchased the DOT Operating Certificate of then-Independence Air with the intent to use that certificate to form a new regional subsidiary. The result was Compass Airlines, which began service using Embraer E175 jets in August 2007.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United States

References

External links

Atlantic Coast Airlines (Archive)
Eric Gillin, Eric. "Atlantic Coast Pushes Ahead With Plans to Become Low-Cost Carrier," TheStreet.com, November 19, 2003

Category:Defunct airlines of the United States
Category:Airlines established in 1989
Category:Airlines disestablished in 2006
Category:Companies based in Reston, Virginia
Category:Companies based in Dulles, Virginia
Category:American companies established in 1989
Category:1989 establishments in Virginia
Category:2006 disestablishments in Virginia


Belaya River (Imandra)

Belaya River () is a river in the center of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 30 km in length. The Belaya River originates in the Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr and flows into the Lake Imandra.

Category:Rivers of Murmansk Oblast
Category:Niva basin


Track gauge in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, the three ex-KCR lines (the East Rail Line, the West Rail Line, and the Ma On Shan Line) and the Light Rail service use .

The Mass Transit Railway (MTR) lines (except for West Island Line, South Island Line, and Kwun Tong Line extension) that were not part of the Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) use  track gauge,  narrower than standard gauge.
Hong Kong Tramways, which has been operating tram service on northern Hong Kong Island since 1904, uses  gauge.

Rail gauge table

Narrow gauge

The Kowloon-Canton Railway (now East Rail) was originally partially laid to  and  gauge during its construction, and the latter was proposed to be its gauge since the tunnel could only accommodate  gauge if the line was to be double track throughout. However it was built to standard gauge and was single track, retaining space at places for later expansion. The now-defunct Sha Tau Kok Railway, built in 1911 and closed in 1928, constructed of the same materials used for constructing the main line, was  gauge.  The famous Hong Kong Tramways are  gauge.  The MTR uses a gauge of , 3 mm narrower than the standard gauge. Originally it was to be standard gauge but when the link between the KCR and MTR at Kowloon Tong fell into disuse due to the difference in the choice of voltage for their respective electrification plans, the latter favoured a narrower gauge for technical reasons. This has proven to be an impediment of the proposed merger between the two systems.

The haematite mine at Ma On Shan used an electric internal railway network of

The Kowloon Godowns in Tsim Sha Tsui, before redevelopment in the 1970s, also had an extensive network of  gauge tracks using tiny hand-pushed  2-axle trucks. Similar systems existed elsewhere in Hong Kong. Railways believed to be metre gauge existed in Taikoo Dockyards and Whampoa Dockyards, though standard gauge is more probable for the latter, since it was connected to the main line network after 1937. A cement works in To Kwa Wan, north of the Whampoa dockyards, used a small internal narrow gauge system with jubilee track(prefabricated panels) and wagons, but apart from a few aerial photographs available at the Lands Department Mapping Office, there is little available information about this system.

During the reclamation of Kowloon Bay for the construction of the Kai Tak estates, "jubilee" track and steam locomotives were used to convey spoil. This area became the Kai Tak Airport which has now been demolished.

See also
 Bucharest Metro, which also uses  gauge.

References

Category:Rail infrastructure in Hong Kong
Hong Kong


Darul Ridzuan Museum

The Darul Ridzuan Museum () is a museum in Ipoh, Kinta District, Perak, Malaysia.

History
The museum building was originally constructed in 1926 as a house for a wealthy tin miner named Foo Choong Kit. In 1950, the house was sold to Perak Government in which it was then used to house the administrative center of the Department of Works It was then opened as a museum in 1992.

Exhibitions
The museum exhibits the history and development of the mining and agriculture sectors of Ipoh.

Opening time
The museum is opened everyday except Fridays from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

See also
 List of museums in Malaysia
 List of tourist attractions in Perak

References

External links

Category:Museums in Perak
Category:1992 establishments in Malaysia
Category:Museums established in 1992


Thiago Feltri

Thiago Henrique Feltri (born 18 May 1985 in Fernão), known as Thiago Feltri, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Portuguesa as a left back.

Career
On 4 January 2010 Atlético Mineiro released the left-back after five years and is now a free agent. In February 2010 Atletico Goianiense signed the former Atlético Mineiro and Goiás left-back until December 2011.

Honours
Atlético Mineiro
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2006
Campeonato Mineiro: 2007

External links

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Category:Clube Atlético Mineiro players
Category:Goiás Esporte Clube players
Category:Atlético Clube Goianiense players
Category:CR Vasco da Gama players
Category:Joinville Esporte Clube players
Category:Clube Atlético Bragantino players
Category:Esporte Clube Tigres do Brasil players
Category:Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players


HMS Scimitar

Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Scimitar, after the scimitar, a curved sword:

 was an  launched in 1918 and sold in 1947.
 was a Scimitar-class fast training boat launched in 1969 and sold in 1983.
 is a , formerly MV Grey Fox. She entered service in 1993, was transferred to the Royal Navy in 2002 and renamed Scimitar, and is currently in service.

Category:Royal Navy ship names


Ülenurme Parish

Ülenurme Parish () was a rural municipality in Tartu County, Estonia and was directly south of Tartu.

In 2017 the Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) decided to merge Ülenurme Parish into Kambja Parish by administrative reform. Ülenurme Parish Council did not wish to voluntarily join, challenging compulsory affiliation to the Supreme Court, but lost their case.

There were four small towns in the rural municipality: Külitse, Räni, Tõrvandi, and Ülenurme. They account for 7/10 of the rural municipality's inhabitants.

Ülenurme got its name from the Ülenurme manor built at the beginning of the 17th century.

Due to the proximity to the city of Tartu, a large-scale real estate development took place in Ülenurme during the economic boom, resulting in the new housing estates of Männi, Aasa and Mõis. Due to this, the number of residents of the village and the Räni has risen rapidly, and they were therefore named small towns in 2013.

The area contains Tartu Airport, where the Estonian Aviation Academy (Estonian: Eesti Lennuakadeemia) operates.

The Tallinn-Tartu-Võru-Luhamaa road, Jõhvi-Tartu-Valga main road, Tartu-Valga railway line, and Tartu-Koidula railway line pass through the area.

The Ilmatsalu River and Pori River flow through the valley located in Ülenurme Parish.

The last Ülenurme Parish governor was Aivar Aleksejev.

It had a population of 4,773 (as of 1 January 2009) and covered an area of 86.35 km². The population density is .

Settlements
Small boroughs
Külitse - Räni - Tõrvandi - Ülenurme

Villages
Laane - Läti - Lemmatsi - Lepiku - Õssu - Reola - Soinaste - Soosilla - Täsvere - Uhti

References

External links

 Ulenurme Parish


One Foot Out the Door

The expression one foot out the door may refer to:
 One Foot Out the Door, a song from Fair Warning (1981), an album by Van Halen.
 One Foot Out the Door, a mixtape by Mike Posner (2009).


North Lake, Wisconsin

North Lake is an unincorporated community located in the town of Merton, in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. North Lake is located on Wisconsin Highway 83 north of Chenequa. North Lake has a post office with ZIP code 53064.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Category:Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin


2014–15 Western Indoor Soccer League season

The 2014–15 Western Indoor Soccer League season is the league's first season. The season started on November 15 and ended on January 31. Each team played an 8 game schedule.

Competition format
Top four teams make the playoffs. The Semifinals were held on February 7–8 and the WISL Championship Final was held on February 14.

Standings
As of 1/31/2015

Playoffs

Semi-Finals

Championship

Statistics

Top scorers
Last updated on February 2, 2015. Source: WISL Standings

References

Category:Western Indoor Soccer League
Category:Indoor soccer leagues in the United States


Prophetstown, Illinois

Prophetstown is a city in Whiteside County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,080 at the 2010 census, up from 2,023 in 2000.

Geography
Prophetstown is located at  (41.670504, -89.935869).

According to the 2010 census, Prophetstown has a total area of , of which  (or 98.28%) is land and  (or 1.72%) is water.

History

On November 19 of 1812, the future 12th U.S. President, the then U.S. Army Brevet Major Zachary Taylor, visited Prophetstown along the Rock River (Mississippi River) while on a military expedition through there during the War of 1812. While there, his commanding officer ordered the burning to the ground of a nearby Indian village belonging to the Kickapoo First Nation who were then at war with the U.S.

Prophetstown occupies the site of the village of the Winnebago prophet, which the Illinois volunteers destroyed on May 10, 1832, in the first act of hostility in the Black Hawk War. Prophetstown was named for Wabokieshiek (White Cloud), the prophet who lived upon the land. Wabokieshiek served as an advisor to Black Hawk and took part in the Black Hawk War. Wabokieshiek and his followers, the Sauk Indians, resided where the current Prophetstown State Park (of Illinois) is now located. They left the land in 1832 as the Black Hawk War ended, when Wabokieshiek was taken captive by the United States. This area is now a state park, but at one time it held a community of 14 villages.

It is believed that residents of Prophetstown petitioned to move the U.S. government from Washington D.C. to Prophetstown in the 1800s because of its supposed central location of the lower 48 states.

Prophetstown once held community events such as Cruise Night and showcased many classic cars. Eventually that event faded and Eclipse Park was replaced with a memorial to honor those who served in the Armed Forces. Prophetstown is still held in high esteem for having one of the largest Fourth of July fireworks shows in the area.  Prophetstown also hosts a Lighted Christmas Parade as the highlight of the start of the holiday season the Saturday before Thanksgiving.  Prophetstown is an Illinois Main Street Community. The downtown features a series of historical murals and Eclipse Square Park as well as an interesting selection of stores and dining possibilities.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,023 people, 809 households, and 533 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,484.5 people per square mile (574.3/km²). There were 865 housing units at an average density of 634.7 per square mile (245.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.92% White, 0.89% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 809 households out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out with 21.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,452, and the median income for a family was $47,589. Males had a median income of $33,828 versus $21,438 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,572. About 3.9% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people
Bret Bielema (1970-), an American college football coach formerly head coach at University of Arkansas
George S. Brydia (1887–1970), a journalist, salesman, and politician; Brydia served as mayor of Prophetstown
Claude A. Fuller, former third district congressman from Arkansas, was born in Prophetstown in 1885
Paul E. Rink (1916–2000), Illinois state legislator and judge, was born on a farm near Prophetstown

References

External links
Prophetstown Main Street

Category:Cities in Whiteside County, Illinois
Category:Cities in Illinois
Category:Sac and Fox


Herraj

Herraj is a village in the former municipality of Zall-Herr in Tirana County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Tirana.

References

Category:Populated places in Tirana
Category:Villages in Tirana County


North Pine Dam

The North Pine Dam is a mass concrete gravity dam with earth-fill embankments on abutments with a gated spillway across the North Pine River that is located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for supply of potable water for the Moreton Bay region and Brisbane's northern suburbs. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Samsonvale.

Location and features
The dam is located north-west of Brisbane, within the Moreton Bay region, at Joyner, near the settlements of Whiteside, and Petrie.

The North Pine Dam was designed by the Department of Local Government, with the Co-ordinator General's Department supervising construction contracts headed by Transfield. The cost of the dam was 20 million, and the dam was opened on 12 August 1976 by the Lord Mayor of Brisbane City Council, Alderman Frank Sleeman.

The concrete dam structure is  high and  long. The  dam wall holds back the  reservoir when at full capacity. From a catchment area of  that includes much of the southeastern slopes of the D'Aguilar National Park, the dam creates Lake Samsonvale at an elevation of  above sea level, with a surface area of . The gated spillway, with five steel gates, has a discharge capacity of . Initially managed by the Brisbane City Council and then SunWater, management of the dam was transferred to SEQ Water in July 2008 as part of a water security project in the South East Queensland region, known as the South East Queensland Water Grid. The accompanying water treatment plant is also managed by SEQ Water.

Prior to the initial flooding of the valley, many of the surrounding grazing and dairy farms were compulsorily acquired, and the only evidence of these farms is now the names of roads leading to the lake's shoreline, such as Winn Road and Golds Scrub Lane. Golds Scrub Lane now leads only to the Samsonvale Cemetery; prior to the flooding of the dam, the site was also home to a church and a post office. To allow for the dam's flooding,  of road had to be relocated and rebuilt.

In May 2007, the dam, which was providing approximately  per day or 20% of the region's water supply, was taken offline as a safety precaution. The drought in Australia caused water levels to drop to 14% capacity, the lowest since it was built. The cessation of water supply was meant to protect the dam from potential blue green algae blooms in the coming summer months. The operators continued to release between  per day to service the North Pine River.

Flood mitigation
The North Pine Dam was designed with little flood mitigation capacity in mind, being designed only for water storage. As such, during flood seasons the location of the dam spillway causes the flooding and closure of Youngs Crossing Road. Flood conditions last affected the dam catchment in October 2010, and prior to that 1991, 1989 and 2000 & 2009. The dam wall is also one of the few in Queensland to be located upstream of a large urban area, and in the event of overtopping or dam failure, Geoscience Australia suggests that the downstream urban population would be flooded within three hours.

Recreational uses
Recreational use of the lake and its surrounding bushland reserve is severely limited, with prohibited recreational activities including swimming, water skiing, diving, mountain biking, horse riding, canoeing and kayaking, camping, and bushwalking. Picnic facilities are available at four locations around the dam, with access prohibited outside of daylight hours.

Fishing
For many years fishing was banned in the dam. Lake Samsonvale has been stocked by Pine Rivers Fish Stocking Association www.prfma.com.au with fresh water fish, including spangled perch, snub-nosed garfish, golden perch, silver perch, eastern freshwater cod, saratoga and Australian bass, with varying levels of success. The dam is also home to the noxious species tilapia which is a fine eating sportfish in its larger sizes but tends to overpopulate and stunt if uncontrolled, as well as a population of Australian red claw crayfish, usually native only to Northern Queensland. Both the tilapia and red claw species are the target of considerable local effort for their capture and complete removal.

Like various other Queensland freshwater fisheries, a stocked impoundment permit is required to fish in North Pine Dam.

Boating
All boating on the lake is prohibited except through two groups. The Lake Samsonvale Water Sports Association and the stocking group Pine Rivers Fish Stocking Association have 300 permits to release each year for non petrol powered craft to members of the public for a small licence fee

See also

List of dams in Queensland

References

Category:1976 establishments in Australia
Category:Dams completed in 1976
Category:Dams in Queensland
Category:Gravity dams
Samsonvale, Lake
Category:Shire of Pine Rivers
Category:South East Queensland


Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española

The Equatoguinean Academy of the Spanish Language (Spanish: Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española) is an association of academics and experts on the use of the Spanish language in Equatorial Guinea, a republic in Central Africa in which Spanish is the national official language. Equatoguinean Spanish is the particular variety of Spanish that is spoken in the country. Since 19 March 2016, it has been a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies.

Context

Spanish was the administrative language of the territory of Spanish Guinea before its independence from Spain as the Republic of Equatorial Guinea in 1968. The Constitution of Equatorial Guinea codifies the status of Spanish as a national official language.

Since 2009, Equatorial Guinea has participated in the Ibero-American Summit as an "associate member" in light of its cultural and linguistic connection with the nations of Hispanic America. The country is also a member of the Organization of Ibero-American States since 1979.

History
In 2007, the Real Academia Española invited two academics from the National University of Equatorial Guinea to its international summit with the intent that they serve as representatives of their country to the RAE. In July 2009, the RAE named a further five Equatoguineans as "Academic Correspondents", including artist Leandro Mbomio Nsue, with a stated goal of creating an Equatoguinean Spanish academy in the future.

Subsequently, the institution was officially established in October 2013 by Presidential Decree number 163/2013. It was also announced that the official RAE dictionary of Spanish would, for the first time, include selected words of Equatoguinean origin.

At the international summit of the Association of Spanish Language Academies in Puerto Rico in 2015, the Equatoguinean Academy of the Spanish Language made a formal request to join the association. The admission was finalized in 2016.

See also
 Equatoguinean Spanish
 Equatoguinean literature in Spanish
 Culture of Equatorial Guinea

References

External links

Category:Spanish language academies
Category:Equatoguinean culture
Category:2013 establishments in Equatorial Guinea
Category:Organizations established in 2013


Oneonta Creek

Oneonta Creek is a river in Otsego County, New York. Oneonta Creek drains out of Wilber Lake, flows through  Oneonta, and empties into the Susquehanna River.

References

Category:Rivers of New York (state)
Category:Rivers of Otsego County, New York