What is the level of autonomous driving technology for Zeekr? What autonomous driving solution does Zeekr use?
As a pioneer in the automobile industry, the company has been and will continue to devote itself to the deployment of next-generation autonomous driving solutions. • Company vehicles deploy the autonomous driving technologies, which assist drivers in various driving scenarios, such as changing lanes and pilot assist driving on highways.   
• Company 001, Company 001 FR, and Company 009 are equipped with advanced hardware developed by the company's partners, such as the 7nm Mobileye EyeQ5H chip and Falcon Eye Vidar System with seven 8-megapixel cameras. According to Frost & Sullivan, the company was the first to deploy the Mobileye EyeQ5H chipset on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China. The company's upscale sedan model adopts the NVIDIA DRIVE Orin platform to power the company's proprietary intelligent autonomous driving systems. The Company 001 (2024 model) incorporates Mobileye’s latest generation of intelligent driving solutions with upgrades across hardware, architecture, and algorithms. The vehicle utilizes Mobileye’s latest EVO domain control platform with faster transmission, enhanced performance, and more stable system operation. Paired with the latest perception algorithms, the system significantly improves the detection precision of vehicles, pedestrians, and objects. Furthermore, it can identify a variety of non-standard obstacles outside the system’s database. The company plans to continuously upgrade the autonomous driving technology on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs). As a pioneer in the automobile industry, the company has been and will continue to devote itself to the deployment of next-generation autonomous driving solutions. • The company's vehicles deploy the autonomous driving technologies, which assist drivers in various driving scenarios, such as changing lanes and pilot assist driving on highways.   
• The company 001, the company 001 FR, and the company 009 are equipped with advanced hardware developed by the company's partners, such as the 7nm Mobileye EyeQ5H chip and Falcon Eye Vidar System with seven 8-megapixel cameras. According to Frost & Sullivan, the company was the first to deploy the Mobileye EyeQ5H chipset on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China. The company's upscale sedan model adopts the NVIDIA DRIVE Orin platform to power the company's proprietary intelligent autonomous driving systems. The company 001 (2024 model) incorporates Mobileye’s latest generation of intelligent driving solutions with upgrades across hardware, architecture, and algorithms. The company 001 utilizes Mobileye’s latest EVO domain control platform with faster transmission, enhanced performance, and more stable system operation. Paired with the latest perception algorithms, the company 001 significantly improves the detection precision of vehicles, pedestrians, and objects. Furthermore, the company 001 can identify a variety of non-standard obstacles outside the system’s database. The company plans to continuously upgrade the autonomous driving technology on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs). As a pioneer in the automobile industry, the company has been and will continue to devote itself to the deployment of next-generation autonomous driving solutions. • The company's vehicles deploy the autonomous driving technologies, which assist drivers in various driving scenarios, such as changing lanes and pilot assist driving on highways.  
• The company 001, the company 001 FR, and the company 009 are equipped with advanced hardware developed by the company's partners, such as the 7nm Mobileye EyeQ5H chip and Falcon Eye Vidar System with seven 8-megapixel cameras. According to Frost & Sullivan, the company was the first to deploy the Mobileye EyeQ5H chipset on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China. The company's upscale sedan model adopts the NVIDIA DRIVE Orin platform to power the company's proprietary intelligent autonomous driving systems. The company 001 (2024 model) incorporates Mobileye’s latest generation of intelligent driving solutions with upgrades across hardware, architecture, and algorithms. The company 001 utilizes Mobileye’s latest EVO domain control platform with faster transmission, enhanced performance, and more stable system operation. Paired with the latest perception algorithms, the company 001 significantly improves the detection precision of vehicles, pedestrians, and objects. Furthermore, the company 001 can identify a variety of non-standard obstacles outside the system’s database. The company plans to continuously upgrade the autonomous driving technology on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In addition to the company's collaboration with Geely Group, the company establishes strategic partnerships with a number of companies in China and overseas, some of which have industry-leading positions in their fields, that generate huge synergies in the company's business. Strategic partnerships with global industry leaders are a strong endorsement of the company's capabilities, helping the company advance its core capabilities in the development of battery electric vehicle technologies and solutions. • Mobileye. The company began to collaborate for ADAS technologies in 2021 with Mobileye, the subsidiary of Intel, one of the company's strategic investors, and a world-leading self-driving company. The company is the first to deploy the Mobileye EyeQ5H chipset on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company also plans to work with Mobileye to jointly launch the world’s first L4 autonomous driving capabilities for the consumer market in 2024. • Waymo. The company is working with Waymo, a leader in L4 autonomous driving technology, to supply vehicles for the Waymo One Fleet. The vehicles are purpose-built transportation-as-a-service (TaaS) vehicles based on the SEA-M platform, which is an advanced version of SEA and a high-tech mobility solution that supports a range of future mobility products including robotaxis and logistics vehicles. • Onsemi. The company has a relationship with Onsemi, a leader in intelligent power and sensor technologies. The company will be provided with Onsemi’s EliteSiC, its silicon carbide power devices to enhance the performance, charging efficiency, and driving range of the company's BEV products. The company plans to use the M3E 1200V EliteSiC MOSFET to optimize performance and reliability of the company's BEV products. In addition to company's collaboration with Geely Group, company establishes strategic partnerships with a number of companies in China and overseas, some of which have industry-leading positions in their fields, that generate huge synergies in company's business. Strategic partnerships with global industry leaders are a strong endorsement of company's capabilities, helping company advance its core capabilities in the development of battery electric vehicle (BEV) technologies and solutions. • Mobileye. company began to collaborate for ADAS technologies in 2021 with Mobileye, the subsidiary of Intel, one of company's strategic investors, and a world-leading self-driving company. company is the first to deploy the Mobileye EyeQ5H chipset on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China, according to Frost & Sullivan. company also plans to work with Mobileye to jointly launch the world’s first L4 autonomous driving capabilities for the consumer market in 2024. Waymo. company is working with Waymo, a leader in L4 autonomous driving technology, to supply vehicles for the Waymo One Fleet. The vehicles are purpose-built Transportation as a Service (TaaS) vehicles based on the SEA-M platform, which is an advanced version of SEA and a high-tech mobility solution that supports a range of future mobility products including robotaxis and logistics vehicles. • Onsemi. company has a relationship with Onsemi, a leader in intelligent power and sensor technologies. company will be provided with Onsemi’s EliteSiC, its silicon carbide power devices to enhance the performance, charging efficiency, and driving range of company's BEV products. As a pioneer in the automobile industry, the company has been and will continue to devote itself to the deployment of next-generation autonomous driving solutions. • The company's vehicles deploy the autonomous driving technologies, which assist drivers in various driving scenarios, such as changing lanes and pilot assist driving on highways.   
• In addition, the company's models, including the 001, 001 FR, and 009, are equipped with advanced hardware developed by the company's partners, such as the 7nm Mobileye EyeQ5H chip and the Falcon Eye Vidar System with seven 8-megapixel cameras. According to Frost & Sullivan, the company was the first to deploy the Mobileye EyeQ5H chipset on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China. The company plans to continuously upgrade the autonomous driving technology on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The company's products have been well received by the market, achieving a total delivery of 10,000 units of MODEL 001 in less than four months since its initial delivery in October 2021, which, according to Frost & Sullivan, is one of the fastest among the major mid- to high-end NEV models and premium BEV models in China. The company's current and future models will be primarily based on Geely Holding’s proprietary SEA, which is highly agile, compatible, and enables the company to quickly build and launch a wide range of vehicle models catering to different demands in the premium BEV segment. Developed based on SEA, the company's vehicles embody impressive vehicle performance, FOTA-enabled upgrades, superior driving and riding experiences, as well as striking and trendy designs that provide a comprehensive smart mobility experience to the company's customers. • Outstanding battery and range performance. The up-to- $100 \mathrm{kWh}$ battery supports a maximum CLTC range of $741 \mathrm{km}$ on MODEL 001 and $750 \mathrm{km}$ on MODEL 001 (2024 model), respectively, which is ahead of most of the BEV models of the company's peers, according to Frost & Sullivan. According to Frost & Sullivan, MODEL 009 is the world’s first pure-electric MPV model with over $800 \mathrm{km}$ CLTC range, and it has the longest all-electric range in the MPV market by the end of February 2024. • State-of-the-art autonomous driving expertise. MODEL 001, MODEL 009, and MODEL 001 FR are equipped with 7nm Mobileye EyeQ5H high-performance chips and Falcon Eye Vidar systems, all of which bring out the full potential of the company’s autonomous driving suite. [Table Level]  
- Table Title: Key Features of company 009  
- Table Summary: This table illustrates the key features of the company 009, highlighting its specifications in terms of size, power, performance, connectivity, intelligence, and comfort. It details various technical specifications and comfort features, providing a comprehensive overview of what makes the company 009 a prominent MPV model.  
- Context: company 009 is designed with safety, comfort, and performance at its core, featuring high-strength materials and advanced technology. The vehicle has achieved significant sales, contributing to a notable portion of company's revenue.  
- Special Notes: The company 009 is equipped with CATL's Qilin battery technology and includes industry-leading safety and driving assistance features.  

[Row Level]  
Row 1: Under Size, company 009 has a length of 5,209 mm, a width of 2,024 mm, ground clearance of 139 mm, and a wheelbase measuring 3,205 mm, offering a spacious interior with comfort-focused design.  
Row 2: For Power, the company 009 is equipped with a battery capacity of 140 kWh, offering an impressive CLTC range of 822 km. It charges from 10% to 80% in just 28 minutes and houses a CATL’s Qilin Battery pack.  
Row 3: The Performance features include a max power output of 400 kW, an acceleration capability of 0-100 km/h in 4.5 seconds, a max torque of 686 Nm, and fully autonomous air suspension.  
Row 4: In terms of Connectivity, the company 009 comes with a 15.6-inch ceiling-mounted screen, a 10.25-inch instrument cluster, a smart cockpit powered by the company OS for MPV, and a YAMAHA top audio system.  
Row 5: Regarding Intelligence, the company 009 is equipped with a 7 nm Mobileye EyeQ5H high performance chip, a Vidar System labeled Falcon Eye, and an algorithm platform featuring a cross-vision fusion algorithm. It also includes company AD for autonomous driving.  
Row 6: Concerning Comfort, the seats are made from Sofaro First-class Soft NAPPA and include massaging, venting, and heating functions. The company 009 also features a 585 cm² folding table and an automatic door and seat for easy back seat access. [Table Level]
- Table Title: Key Features and Advantages of Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA)
- Table Summary: The table outlines the major advantages and innovative features of SEA, a modular electric vehicle platform developed by the Geely Group. SEA offers compatibility across a wide range of vehicle types, efficient software solutions, high-performance electric drive systems, cutting-edge technology, top-notch safety standards, and advanced autonomous driving capabilities.
- Context: Before the table, the document describes the design and engineering process of vehicles, highlighting the role of SEA in optimizing battery electric vehicle (BEV) development. After the table, it discusses the extensive experience and insights gained by Geely Group in using SEA, aiming to leverage these for technological enhancements.
- Special Notes: Specific traits such as compatibility with a wide wheelbase range, OTA and FOTA software updates, advanced battery longevity, supercar-level drive performance, and integration plans with autonomous driving technology are emphasized. 

[Row Level]
Row 1: The SEA platform provides unrivaled compatibility by permitting coverage of vehicles with wheelbases ranging from 1,800 mm to 3,300 mm, and accommodates A-E segment vehicles including sedans, SUVs, sports cars, MPVs, and pick-up models. Additionally, multiple vehicle models are currently under development from various brands.

Row 2: Efficient software solutions on the SEA platform enable a software development cycle reduced by 50%, alongside comprehensive and timely Over-The-Air (OTA) upgrades to maintain the operating system's freshness. Full cycle and scenario Firmware Over-The-Air (FOTA) capabilities further ensure continuous software evolution.

Row 3: The electric 4-wheel drive system on the SEA platform offers a supercar-level driving experience, allowing acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in less than 4 seconds and achieving over 80 km/h in moose test conditions.

Row 4: SEA features cutting-edge technology with a CTP battery yielding 2 million km battery longevity and over 800 km CLTC range. It utilizes individual motors with a maximum output of 475 kW and a maximal wheel-end torque reaching 8,000 N·m.

Row 5: SEA adheres to top-notch safety standards comprising multiple safety systems to protect drivers and passengers. It undergoes rigorous battery safety tests and employs the Chinese National Standard cipher chip on a 5G T-Box to ensure secure user information handling.

Row 6: Autonomous driving capabilities are advanced with SEA's open-source nature, enhancing compatibility with leading autonomous technologies. The platform is powered by a 7nm Mobileye EyeQ5H chip, with cooperation with Waymo and future plans to integrate the DRIVE Thor AV superchip from NVIDIA. As a tech-driven enterprise, the company conducts R&D based on deep industry insights and strong creative thinking. The company's advanced R&D capabilities enable it to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration with respect to electrification and intelligentization. The company's strong, experienced R&D talent pool includes a large number of specialists spanning across vehicle design, autonomous driving, electronic and electrical architecture, software engineering, electronics, and connectivity technologies. • E/E Architecture. The company adopts a state-of-the-art and proprietary centralized E/E Architecture, namely ZEEA 2.0. This architecture is based on a domain-integrated system, where only four Domain Control Units (“DCUs”) enable the end-to-end control of the whole vehicle. The centralized structure reduces production costs and vehicle weight, and enhances communication efficiency between software. In software development, the company has built well-designed connectivity routes and system applications based on ZEEA 2.0, which enables it to conduct software upgrades for user experience enhancement more easily, such as a recent upgrade on the control functions of the automatic frameless doors. The company is developing a more highly centralized E/E Architecture, ZEEA 3.0, to help achieve a more efficient, integrated vehicle enablement and FOTA upgrades. • Autonomous Driving. The company offers cutting-edge autonomous driving technology through partnerships with world-leading players. It has established partnerships with leading L2 to L4 AD player Mobileye. Relying on collaboration with Mobileye, the company has already launched the ZAD ADAS system and deployed this system in its BEV models. The full ZAD package offers customers advanced ADAS functions, including changing lanes and pilot assist driving on highways. • Smart Cockpit. As a tech-driven enterprise, the company conducts research and development based on deep industry insights and strong creative thinking. The company's advanced research and development capabilities enable it to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration with respect to electrification and intelligentization. The company's strong, experienced research and development talent pool includes a large number of specialists spanning across vehicle design, autonomous driving, electronic and electrical architecture, software engineering, electronics, and connectivity technologies. • E/E Architecture. The company adopts a state-of-the-art and proprietary centralized E/E Architecture, namely ZEEA 2.0. This architecture is based on a domain-integrated system, where only four Domain Control Units (“DCUs”) enable the end-to-end control of the whole vehicle. The centralized structure reduces production costs and vehicle weight, and enhances communication efficiency between software. In software development, the company has built well-designed connectivity routes and system applications based on ZEEA 2.0, which enables it to conduct software upgrades for user experience enhancement more easily, such as a recent upgrade on the control functions of the automatic frameless doors. The company is developing a more highly centralized E/E Architecture, ZEEA 3.0, to help achieve a more efficient, integrated vehicle enablement and FOTA upgrades. • Autonomous Driving. The company offers cutting-edge autonomous driving technology through partnerships with world-leading players. The company has established partnerships with leading L2 to L4 AD player Mobileye. Relying on collaboration with Mobileye, the company has already launched the ZAD ADAS system and deployed this system in its BEV models. The full ZAD package offers customers advanced ADAS functions, including changing lanes and pilot assist driving on highways. • Smart Cockpit. The smart cockpit in the company's BEVs uses an intelligent infotainment system to provide seamless connectivity between users and the vehicle through an AI-enabled voice interaction command system, AI Mate, and face recognition technologies. With such technologies and designs, the company's smart cockpit provides customers with interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences by easily controlling state-of-the-art driving and riding functions through voice commands and a central touch screen. With continuing upgrades for the intelligent infotainment system, the company has also embedded ample room for future upgrades to the cockpit hardware with standardized ports. allow easy future replacement. On July 11, 2022, the company released a new generation of smart cockpit configuration with an advanced Qualcomm 8155 chip that improves the CPU computing power by 177% and GPU computing power by 94%. This upgrade was also provided free of charge to existing customers whose vehicles have been delivered and has received wide customer acclaim. The company also equipped the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295 chip on the upscale sedan model to fully optimize the smart cockpit interaction. • SEA. SEA is an open-source, pure electric and modularized platform integrating hardware and software. The company has a unique advantage in utilizing SEA as its R&D teams include many specialists from Geely Group’s EV Research Institute who have extensive experience with SEA. The company has strong in-house technological capabilities focusing on electrification and intelligentization. The company's in-house design, engineering, and R&D enable the company to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration, as well as to provide engineering services to external parties. In particular, the company's in-house capabilities are also supported by (i) the Sweden-based R&D center CEVT in the research and development of intelligent mobility solutions, and (ii) Ningbo Viridi, the company's PRC subsidiary focused on the products and systems relating to battery, motor and electric control, power solutions, and energy storage. Leveraging the company's in-house E/E Architecture design and operating system, ZEEKR OS, the company continuously updates its BEV functions through effective and efficient FOTA. The company deploys cutting-edge autonomous driving technology into its BEVs, utilizing world-leading players such as Mobileye, and has also announced plans to integrate NVIDIA DRIVE Thor, the 2,000 TOPS AV superchip, into its centralized vehicle computer for the next generation of intelligent BEVs. The company also offers an intelligent cockpit to deliver interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences. To successfully achieve the company's mission, the company assembled a top-notch management team with diversified yet complementary backgrounds and experiences. The company's management team possesses entrepreneurial spirit, deep automotive and technology sector expertise along with customer-centric operation experience, which are essential to driving the company's future development. The company's co-founder and CEO Conghui An has over 25 years’ experience in multiple executive management positions in Geely Group and accumulated profound industry insights and senior management experience with an excellent track record. The company has strong in-house technological capabilities focusing on electrification and intelligentization. The company's in-house design, engineering, and R&D enable the company to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration, as well as to provide engineering services to external parties. In particular, the company's in-house capabilities are also supported by (i) the company's Sweden-based R&D center CEVT in the research and development of intelligent mobility solutions, and (ii) Ningbo Viridi, the company's PRC subsidiary focused on the products and systems relating to battery, motor and electric control, power solutions, and energy storage. Leveraging the company's in-house E/E Architecture design and operating system, the company continuously updates its BEV functions through effective and efficient FOTA. The company deploys cutting-edge autonomous driving technology into its BEVs by world-leading players such as Mobileye and has also announced its plan to integrate. The company will integrate NVIDIA DRIVE Thor, the 2,000 TOPS AV superchip, into its centralized vehicle computer for the next generation intelligent BEV. The company also offers an intelligent cockpit to deliver interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences. To successfully achieve its mission, the company assembled a top-notch management team with diversified yet complementary backgrounds and experiences. The company's management team possesses entrepreneurial spirit, deep automotive and technology sector expertise along with customer-centric operation experience, which are essential to driving the company's future development. The company's co-founder and CEO has over 25 years’ experience in multiple executive management positions in Geely Group and accumulated profound industry insights and senior management experience with an excellent track record. The company has strong in-house technological capabilities focusing on electrification and intelligentization. The company's in-house design, engineering, and R&D enable it to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration, as well as to provide engineering services to external parties. In particular, the company's in-house capabilities are also supported by (i) the Sweden-based R&D center CEVT in the research and development of intelligent mobility solutions, and (ii) Ningbo Viridi, the company's PRC subsidiary focused on the products and systems relating to battery, motor and electric control, power solutions, and energy storage. Leveraging the company's in-house E/E Architecture design and operating system, ZEEKR OS, the company continuously updates its BEV functions through effective and efficient FOTA. The company deploys cutting-edge autonomous driving technology into its BEVs, utilizing world-leading players such as Mobileye, and has also announced its plan to integrate NVIDIA DRIVE Thor, the 2,000 TOPS AV superchip, into its centralized vehicle computer for the next generation intelligent BEV. The company also offers an intelligent cockpit to deliver interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences. To successfully achieve the company's mission, the company assembled a top-notch management team with diversified yet complementary backgrounds and experiences. The company's management team possesses entrepreneurial spirit, deep automotive and technology sector expertise along with customer-centric operation experience, which are essential to driving the company's future development. The company's co-founder and CEO Conghui An has over 25 years’ experience in multiple executive management positions in Geely Group and accumulated profound industry insights and senior management experience with an excellent track record. The company has strong in-house technological capabilities focusing on electrification and intelligentization. The company's in-house design, engineering, and R&D enable it to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration, as well as to provide engineering services to external parties. In particular, the company's in-house capabilities are also supported by (i) the Sweden-based R&D center CEVT in the research and development of intelligent mobility solutions, and (ii) Ningbo Viridi, the company's PRC subsidiary focused on the products and systems relating to battery, motor and electric control, power solutions, and energy storage. Leveraging the company's in-house E/E Architecture design and operating system, ZEEKR OS, the company continuously updates its BEV functions through effective and efficient FOTA. The company deploys cutting-edge autonomous driving technology into its BEVs by world-leading players such as Mobileye and has also announced its plan to integrate. The company plans to integrate NVIDIA DRIVE Thor, the 2,000 TOPS AV superchip, into its centralized vehicle computer for the next generation intelligent BEV. The company also offers an intelligent cockpit to deliver interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences. To successfully achieve the company's mission, the company assembled a top-notch management team with diversified yet complementary backgrounds and experiences. The company's management team possesses entrepreneurial spirit, deep automotive and technology sector expertise along with customer-centric operation experience, which are essential to driving the company's future development. The company's co-founder and CEO Conghui An has over 25 years’ experience in multiple executive management positions in Geely Group and accumulated profound industry insights and senior management experience with an excellent track record. The company has strong in-house technological capabilities focusing on electrification and intelligentization. The company's in-house design, engineering, and R&D enable it to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration, as well as to provide engineering services to external parties. In particular, the company's in-house capabilities are also supported by (i) the Sweden-based R&D center CEVT in the research and development of intelligent mobility solutions, and (ii) Ningbo Viridi, the company's PRC subsidiary focused on the products and systems relating to battery, motor and electric control, power solutions, and energy storage. Leveraging the company's in-house E/E Architecture design and operating system, ZEEKR OS, the company continuously updates its BEV functions through effective and efficient FOTA. The company deploys cutting-edge autonomous driving technology into its BEVs by world-leading players such as Mobileye, and has also announced its plan to integrate NVIDIA DRIVE Thor, the 2,000 TOPS AV superchip, into its centralized vehicle computer for the next generation intelligent BEV. The company also offers an intelligent cockpit to deliver interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences. To successfully achieve the company's mission, the company assembled a top-notch management team with diversified yet complementary backgrounds and experiences. The company's management team possesses entrepreneurial spirit, deep automotive and technology sector expertise along with customer-centric operation experience, which are essential to driving the company's future development. The company's co-founder and CEO Conghui An has over 25 years’ experience in multiple executive management positions in Geely Group and accumulated profound industry insights and senior management experience with an excellent track record. The company deploys cutting-edge autonomous driving technology into its BEVs by world-leading players such as Mobileye and has also announced plans to integrate NVIDIA DRIVE Thor, the 2,000 TOPS AV superchip, into its centralized vehicle computer for the next generation of intelligent BEVs. The company also offers an intelligent cockpit to deliver interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences. The company operates in a rapidly growing market with extensive potential. Driven by improving battery and smart technologies, supportive regulatory policies, and enhancement of charging infrastructure, China’s BEV market has substantial room for growth in both volume and BEV penetration. China’s BEV sales volume is expected to be approximately five times to 13.7 million units in 2028 from 2021, according to Frost & Sullivan. The premium BEV market is expected to experience an even faster growth, almost increasing to more than seven times the volume in 2021 by 2028, according to Frost & Sullivan. The European BEV market has significant size and growth potential, which is expected to reach 5.3 million units in sales volume in 2028, representing a CAGR of 18.6% from 2024 to 2028, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company has started to deliver its BEV model in Europe in December 2023. In the future, the company also plans to tap into the robotaxi market in the United States. The upscale sedan model adopts the NVIDIA DRIVE Orin platform to power the company's proprietary intelligent autonomous driving systems. In addition, the 2024 model incorporates the latest Mobileye EVO domain control platform, which enables bolstered performance and heightened system stability. • Extensive customization options with fast launch pace enabled by SEA. The company offers customers a large number of different setup combinations and customization options.  
• Maverick driving performance that stands out among its peers. Equipped with industry-leading driving metrics, the company's battery electric vehicles (BEVs) hold the leading position in the industry based on key performance metrics, according to Frost & Sullivan. See “Industry Overview — Competitive Landscape.”  
• Premium in-vehicle configurations and distinct exterior design to enhance user experience and meet demands for individuality. The company offers drivers and passengers a suite of in-vehicle configurations featuring comfort and pleasure. According to Frost & Sullivan, the 2024 model offers more competitive specifications compared with BEVs of similar price ranges. The 2024 model also embodies a stylish exterior, which is suitable for customers with bold and expressive lifestyles. For instance, the Grand model offers two separate rear seats, each equipped with electric adjustments, heating and massage functions, ensuring comprehensive comfort for passengers. Additionally, the Grand model features a 43-inch ultra-large 4K screen and an 8-inch smart control screen running OS 6.0, which is paired with a 31-speaker YAMAHA premium sound system. Such setup not only satisfies passengers’ entertainment needs but also supports quality online conferencing.
The company began the delivery of its first upscale sedan model in January 2024. The company's current and future BEV models will define the company's success. Going forward, the company plans to capture the extensive potential of the premium BEV market globally through an expanding portfolio of vehicles. For instance, the company plans to launch vehicles for the next generation mobility lifestyle. Through these future models, the company intends to provide premium mobility solutions of innovation, comfort, and intelligence, as well as a spacious and luxurious high-tech experience with enhanced performance. As a testament to the popularity of the company's current products and capabilities, the company has achieved a total delivery of 10,000 units of ZEEKR 001 in less than four months after the initial delivery, which, according to Frost & Sullivan, is one of the fastest among the major mid- to high-end NEV models and premium BEV models in China. In October 2022, the company delivered 10,119 units of ZEEKR 001 to the market, making it the first pure-electric premium vehicle model manufactured by a Chinese BEV brand with over 10,000 units of single-month delivery volume, according to Frost & Sullivan. As of December 31, 2023, the company delivered a total of 196,633 ZEEKR vehicles since the first vehicle delivery in October 2021, including 192,441 delivered in China. This is among the fastest delivery growth in the premium BEV market in China, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company began the delivery of its first upscale sedan model in January 2024. The company's current and future BEV models will define its success. Going forward, the company plans to capture the extensive potential of the premium BEV market globally through an expanding portfolio of vehicles. For instance, the company plans to launch vehicles for the next generation of mobility lifestyle. Through these future models, the company intends to provide premium mobility solutions of innovation, comfort, and intelligence, as well as a spacious and luxurious high-tech experience with enhanced performance. As a testament to the popularity of the company's current products and capabilities, the company has achieved a total delivery of 10,000 units of its model in less than four months after the initial delivery, which, according to Frost & Sullivan, is one of the fastest among the major mid- to high-end NEV models and premium BEV models in China. In October 2022, the company delivered 10,119 units of its model to the market, making it the first pure-electric premium vehicle model manufactured by a Chinese BEV brand with over 10,000 units of single-month delivery volume, according to Frost & Sullivan. As of December 31, 2023, the company delivered a total of 196,633 vehicles since the first vehicle delivery in October 2021, including 192,441 delivered in China. This is among the fastest delivery growth in the premium BEV market in China, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company's total revenue amounted to RMB6,527.5 million, RMB31,899.4 million, and RMB51,672.6 million (US$7,277.9 million) in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively, with a gross profit margin of 15.9%, 7.7%, and 13.3%, respectively. The company recorded a net loss of RMB4,514.3 million, RMB7,655.1 million, and RMB8,264.2 million (US$1,164.0 million) in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. The company is a fast-growing BEV technology company. Through developing and offering next-generation premium BEVs and technology-driven solutions, the company aspires to lead the electrification, intelligentization, and innovation of the automobile industry. Since its inception, the company has focused on innovation and technological advancement in BEV architecture, hardware, software, and application of new technologies. The company's efforts are backed by strong in-house R&D capabilities, high operational flexibility, and a flat, efficient organizational structure. Together, these features enable fast product development, launch, and iteration, and a series of customer-oriented products and go-to-market strategies. Thus, the company is able to rapidly expand even with a limited operating history. • ZEEKR 001. With an unwavering commitment to the company's mission, the company released ZEEKR 001 in April 2021, a five-seater, cross-over hatchback vehicle model with superior performance and functionality. Targeting the premium BEV market, ZEEKR 001 is the company's first vehicle model and the world’s first mass-produced pure electric shooting brake, according to Frost & Sullivan. ZEEKR 001 is also the first mass-produced BEV model with over $1,000 km CLTC range, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company began the delivery of ZEEKR 001 in October 2021. In February 2024, the company released an upgraded model of ZEEKR 001 (2024 model). The smart cockpit in the company's BEVs uses an intelligent infotainment system to provide seamless connectivity between users and the vehicle through an AI-enabled voice interaction command system, AI Mate, and face recognition technologies. With such technologies and designs, the company's smart cockpit provides customers with interactive, immersive, and enjoyable driving experiences by easily controlling state-of-the-art driving and riding functions through voice commands and a central touch screen. With continuing upgrades for the intelligent infotainment system, the company has also embedded ample room for future upgrades to the cockpit hardware with standardized ports, allowing easy future replacement. On July 11, 2022, the company released a new generation of smart cockpit configuration with an advanced Qualcomm 8155 chip that improves the CPU computing power by 177% and GPU computing power by 94%. This upgrade was also provided free of charge to existing customers whose vehicles have been delivered and has received wide customer acclaim. The company also equipped the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295 chip on the 2024 model, FR, upscale sedan model, and Grand to fully optimize the smart cockpit interaction. • SEA. SEA is an open-source, pure electric, and modularized platform integrating hardware and software. The company has a unique advantage in utilizing SEA as its R&D teams include many specialists from Geely Group’s EV Research Institute who have extensive experience with SEA. Leveraging SEA through licensing cooperation with Geely Holding, the company develops various car models in a fast and cost-efficient manner catering to customers’ needs. The platform also enables automakers to deliver products that offer superior customer experience in terms of both performance and comfort, such as full-scenario efficient software solutions, supercar driving experience, excellent CLTC range, strong safety performance, and advanced autonomous driving. SEA-M, which is developed by CEVT under company, is a platform tailored for autonomous driving and future smart mobility. • E-Platform Structure. company has strong proprietary EV hardware technologies and R&D capabilities, such as those relating to e-powertrain and charging solutions, among others. For instance, Ningbo Viridi is focused on the R&D, production, and sales of key EV components, including the products and systems of battery packs, motors, electric control, and charging solutions. Ningbo Viridi is among the first players in China to have developed battery packs with energy density larger than $160 \mathrm{Wh/kg}$, and also a leading player to have launched the three-in-one powertrain integrating motors, electronic control, and reducer systems. Ningbo Viridi’s charging solution can offer up to $600 \mathrm{kW}$ charging piles deployed in the ultra charging stations. Currently, Ningbo Viridi is also in the progress of developing the front and rear dual-motor technologies. company's designs support $930 \mathrm{kW}$ max power, $1,280 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ max torque, and $20,620 \ \mathrm{r/min}$ highest rotation speed. Leveraging SEA through licensing cooperation with Geely Holding, the company develops various car models in a fast and cost-efficient manner catering to customers’ needs. The platform also enables automakers to deliver products that offer superior customer experience in terms of both performance and comfort, such as full-scenario efficient software solutions, supercar driving experience, excellent CLTC range, strong safety performance, and advanced autonomous driving. SEA-M, which is developed by CEVT under the company, is a platform tailored for autonomous driving and future smart mobility. • E-Platform Structure. The company has strong proprietary EV hardware technologies and R&D capabilities, such as those relating to e-powertrain and charging solutions, among others. For instance, Ningbo Viridi is focused on the R&D, production, and sales of key EV components, including the products and systems of battery packs, motors, electric control, and charging solutions. Ningbo Viridi is among the first players in China to have developed battery packs with energy density larger than $160 \mathrm{Wh/kg}$, and also a leading player to have launched the three-in-one powertrain integrating motors, electronic control, and reducer systems. Ningbo Viridi’s charging solution can offer up to $600 \mathrm{kW}$ charging piles deployed in the ultra charging stations. Currently, Ningbo Viridi is also in the process of developing the front and rear dual-motor technologies. The company's designs support $930 \mathrm{kW}$ max power, $1,280 \mathrm{N \cdot m}$ max torque, and $20,620 \ \mathrm{r/min}$ highest rotation speed. The development of the company's BEV models is powered by SEA, a set of open-source, electric and modularized platforms owned by Geely Holding compatible with A segment to E segment, covering sedan, SUV, MPV, hatchback, roadster, pick-up truck, and robotaxi, which have a wheelbase mainly between 1,800 mm to 3,300 mm. The company depends on Geely Holding to allow it to continue to utilize SEA, which is currently the most suitable platform for the company. The widely compatible SEA enables robust R&D capabilities, execution efficiency, cost efficiency, and control consistency in the vehicle development process, giving the company's BEVs significant competitive advantages in the market. SEA also offers the flexibility to quickly adopt and accommodate the latest and most advanced technology improvements. For example, the company was able to equip its model with CATL’s latest Qilin battery, making it the first mass-produced BEV model equipped with Qilin battery, according to Frost & Sullivan. Together with the company's proprietary advanced battery solutions and highly efficient electric drive system, its extended range version is the world’s first pure-electric MPV model with an over 800 km CLTC range and the longest all-electric range in the MPV market by the end of February 2024, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company is a fast-growing BEV technology company. Through developing and offering next-generation premium BEVs and technology-driven solutions, the company aspires to lead the electrification, intelligentization, and innovation of the automobile industry. Since its inception, the company has focused on innovation in BEV architecture, hardware, software, and application of new technologies. The company's efforts are backed by strong in-house R&D capabilities, a deep understanding of products, high operational flexibility, and a flat, efficient organizational structure. Together, these features enable fast product development, launch, and iteration, as well as a series of customer-oriented products and go-to-market strategies. Thus, the company is able to rapidly expand even with a limited operating history. The company strategically spearheaded the premium intelligent BEV market with unique positioning, featuring a strong sense of technology, in-house R&D capabilities, stylish design, high-caliber performance, and a premium user experience. The company's current product portfolio primarily includes ZEEKR 001, ZEEKR 001 FR, ZEEKR 009, ZEEKR X, and an upscale sedan model. • ZEEKR 001. With an unwavering commitment to its mission, the company released ZEEKR 001 in April 2021, a five-seater, cross-over hatchback vehicle model with superior performance and functionality. Targeting the premium BEV market, ZEEKR 001 is the company's first vehicle model and the world’s first mass-produced pure electric shooting brake, according to Frost & Sullivan. ZEEKR 001 is also the first mass-produced BEV model with over $1,000 km CLTC range, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company began the delivery of ZEEKR 001 in October 2021. In February 2024, the company released an upgraded model of ZEEKR 001, or ZEEKR 001 (2024 model). The company started to deliver ZEEKR 001 (2024 model) in March 2024. In October 2023, the company released ZEEKR 001 FR, its cross-over hatchback vehicle model based on ZEEKR 001. Featuring unique exterior and interior design and proprietary technologies, ZEEKR 001 FR is designed to offer outstanding vehicle performance with various driving modes. The company started to deliver ZEEKR 001 FR in November 2023. • ZEEKR 009. In November 2022, the company launched its second model, ZEEKR 009, a luxury six-seater MPV model providing a comfortable, ultra-luxury mobility experience for both families and business uses. ZEEKR 009 is the world’s first premium MPV based on a pure-electric platform, according to Frost & Sullivan. ZEEKR 009 has enjoyed wide popularity since launch, and the company started to deliver ZEEKR 009 to its customers in January 2023. In April 2024, the company launched ZEEKR 009 Grand, a luxury version of ZEEKR 009 featuring enhanced safety, privacy, and intelligence. The company also released ZEEKR MIX, its MPV model, in the same month. • ZEEKR X. In April 2023, the company released ZEEKR X, its compact SUV model featuring spacious interior design, advanced technology, and superior driving performance. The company began to deliver ZEEKR X in June 2023. • ZEEKR Upscale Sedan Model. In November 2023, the company launched its first upscale sedan model targeting tech-savvy adults and families. Powered by 800V architecture and multi-link suspension. structure, the company's upscale sedan model is expected to achieve a $2.84 ~ 0.100 km/h acceleration and a 688 km maximum CLTC range. In addition to the company, Mr. An has successfully established, developed, and operated both Geely and Lynk&Co, two well-established vehicle brands of Geely Group. The company is guided by its customer-oriented principle to provide customers with service and experience in every aspect of their journey with the company. The company adopts a customer-oriented direct-to-consumer (DTC) sales model with a focus on innovative and interactive engagement with its customers. The company has established extensive customer touchpoints including 24 company Centers, 240 company Spaces, 31 company Delivery Centers, and 45 company Houses in China, and two company Centers overseas as of December 31, 2023. In addition, the company closely interacts with customers by building an integrated online and offline customer community to provide a holistic experience that goes beyond the purchase of intelligent battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Within the company APP, customers can enjoy one-stop car purchase, charging solutions, financial services, roadside assistance, intelligent car control, online shopping of company lifestyle products, social interaction, and seamless communication with the customer services team. The company also holds a variety of offline customer events to nurture a vibrant company user community. The company's customer engagement efforts enable the company to better understand customer needs to be incorporated into future product design and continuously strengthen customer loyalty and stickiness. Underpinned by the company's superior capability in supply chain and manufacturing planning and management, the company is also able to offer a wide range of customized options in terms of vehicle designs and functionalities, which are highly appreciated by its customers. The company's total revenue amounted to RMB6,527.5 million, RMB31,899.4 million, and RMB51,672.6 million (US$7,277.9 million) in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively, with a gross profit margin of 15.9%, 7.7%, and 13.3%, respectively. The company recorded a net loss of RMB4,514.3 million, RMB7,655.1 million, and RMB8,264.2 million (US$1,164.0 million) in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. The company is a fast-growing BEV technology company. Through developing and offering next-generation premium BEVs and technology-driven solutions, the company aspires to lead the electrification, intelligentization, and innovation of the automobile industry. Since its inception, the company has focused on innovation and technological advancement in BEV architecture, hardware, software, and application of new technologies. The company's efforts are backed by its strong in-house R&D capabilities, high operational flexibility, and flat, efficient organizational structure. Together, these features enable fast product development, launch, and iteration, and a series of customer-oriented products and go-to-market strategies. Thus, the company is able to rapidly expand even with a limited operating history. • ZEEKR 001. With an unwavering commitment to its mission, the company released ZEEKR 001 in April 2021, a five-seater, cross-over hatchback vehicle model with superior performance and functionality. Targeting the premium BEV market, ZEEKR 001 is the company's first vehicle model and the world’s first mass-produced pure electric shooting brake, according to Frost & Sullivan. ZEEKR 001 is also the first mass-produced BEV model with over $1,000 km CLTC range, according to Frost & Sullivan. The company began the delivery of ZEEKR 001 in October 2021. In February 2024, the company released an upgraded model of ZEEKR 001 (2024 model). The company started to deliver ZEEKR 001 (2024 model) in March 2024. In October 2023, the company released ZEEKR 001 FR, its cross-over hatchback vehicle model based on ZEEKR 001. Featuring unique exterior and interior design and the company's proprietary technologies, ZEEKR 001 FR is designed to offer outstanding vehicle performance with various driving modes. The company started to deliver ZEEKR 001 FR in November 2023. • ZEEKR 009. In November 2022, the company launched its second model, ZEEKR 009, a luxury six-seater MPV model providing a comfortable, ultra-luxury mobility experience for both families and business uses. ZEEKR 009 is the world’s first premium MPV based on a pure-electric platform, according to Frost & Sullivan. ZEEKR 009 has enjoyed wide popularity since launch, and the company started to deliver ZEEKR 009 to its customers in January 2023. In April 2024, the company launched ZEEKR 009 Grand, a luxury version of ZEEKR 009 featuring enhanced safety, privacy, and intelligence. The company also released ZEEKR MIX, its MPV model, in the same month. • ZEEKR X. In April 2023, the company released ZEEKR X, its compact SUV model featuring spacious interior design, advanced technology, and superior driving performance. The company began to deliver ZEEKR X in June 2023. • ZEEKR Upscale Sedan Model. In November 2023, the company launched its first upscale sedan model targeting tech-savvy adults and families. Powered by 800V architecture and multi-link suspension structure, the company's upscale sedan model is expected to achieve a $2.84 s 0-100 km/h acceleration and a $688 km maximum CLTC range. The company began the delivery of its first upscale sedan model in January 2024. As a testament to the popularity of the company's current vehicle models and the company's capabilities, the company has achieved a total delivery of 10,000 units of ZEEKR 001 in less than four months after the initial delivery, which, according to Frost & Sullivan, is one of the fastest among the major mid- to high-end new energy vehicle models. premium BEV models in China. In October 2022, the company delivered 10,119 units of ZEEKR 001 to the market, making it the first pure-electric premium vehicle model manufactured by a Chinese BEV brand with over 10,000 units of single-month delivery volume, according to Frost & Sullivan. As of December 31, 2023, the company delivered a total of 196,633 ZEEKR vehicles since the first vehicle delivery in October 2021, including 192,441 delivered in China. This is among the fastest delivery growth in the premium BEV market in China, according to Frost & Sullivan. As a premium BEV brand incubated by Geely Group, the company inherits unique competitive edges from Geely Group that are developed through years of execution experience at the frontier of the industry, such as innovative and agile engineering capabilities, robust R&D capabilities, deep industry expertise, extreme attention to safety, top-notch professionals, strong supply chain and manufacturing management capabilities, and operational know-how. Geely Group’s powerful and world-class brand equity also echoes product innovation, performance, and reliability in its broad customer base, which, in turn, contributes to the significant consumer interest and demand for the ZEEKR brand. These competitive advantages enable the company to quickly incorporate customer needs and concepts into its products and manage the complex operation process to achieve the fast ramp-up of production and deliveries. The company also leverages Geely Group’s advanced and well-established manufacturing capacity, which helps retain effective oversight over key steps in procurement, manufacturing, and product quality control with minimal capital outlay. At the same time, the company's BEVs are manufactured at the ZEEKR Factory, the Chengdu Factory, and the Meishan Factory, which are owned and operated by Geely Group, and Geely Holding was the company's largest supplier for 2022 and 2023. Furthermore, before the launch of ZEEKR 001, a significant portion of the company's revenue has historically been derived from sales of batteries and other components and research and development services to Geely Group. The company has strong in-house technological capabilities focusing on electrification and intelligentization. The company's in-house design, engineering, and R&D enable the company to achieve high product development efficiency and rapid product iteration, as well as to provide engineering services to external parties. In particular, the company's in-house capabilities are also supported by (i) the Sweden-based R&D center CEVT in the research and development of intelligent mobility solutions, and (ii) Ningbo Viridi, the company's PRC subsidiary focused on products and systems relating to batteries, motors, electric control, power solutions, and energy storage. Leveraging the company's in-house E/E Architecture design and operating system, ZEEKR OS, the company continuously updates its BEV functions through effective and efficient FOTA. The company is a fast-growing battery electric vehicle (BEV) technology company developing and offering next-generation premium BEVs and technology-driven solutions to lead the electrification, intelligentization, and innovation of the automobile industry. The company is an independently-run startup-style company relying on its in-house research and development (R&D) capabilities and self-owned sales and marketing network, among others. The company adopts a flat and efficient organizational structure led by key management with diversified backgrounds. Since inception, the company has been managed and directed by its executive officers, and save for Conghui An, who is currently an executive director of Geely Auto, none of the company's executive officers are members of management of Geely Auto. Additionally, Mr. An is expected to not hold any positions in Geely Auto prior to or upon the completion of the offering. While the company's chairman, Shufu Li, is also the chairman of Geely Auto, upon the completion of the offering, the directors that the company shares in common with Geely Auto will not have executive roles at the company. The company has been dedicated to serving its customers by leveraging top-notch technology, advanced product concepts, and an enriched entrepreneurial spirit that embraces creativity and innovation. The company is strategically positioned as a premium BEV brand that delivers an ultimate experience covering driving, charging, after-sale service, and customer community engagement. The company’s product family meets a wide spectrum of customer needs in different mobility and travel scenarios and is highly customized with a wide selection of vehicle configurations. Capitalizing on the company's in-house R&D capabilities and strategic partnerships with third parties, the company has continued to upgrade its autonomous driving technologies on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs), since the company's inception. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks, and there have been accidents associated with such technologies from time to time. Although the company attempts to remedy any issues observed in its BEVs as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production, or may not be to the satisfaction of the company's customers. Moreover, autonomous driving technology is still evolving and has yet to achieve wide market acceptance. The safety of autonomous driving technologies depends in part on driver interaction, and drivers may not be accustomed to using such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with the company’s BEVs’ autonomous driving systems occur, the company could be subject to liability and government scrutiny, and further regulation. Furthermore, accidents or defects caused by third parties’ autonomous driving technology may negatively affect public perception of the company's autonomous driving technologies or result in regulatory restrictions with respect to autonomous driving technology. The company's autonomous driving technologies may be affected by regulatory restrictions. For example, the company's research and development activities on autonomous driving are subject to regulatory restrictions on surveying and mapping, as well as driverless road testing. Capitalizing on the company's in-house R&D capabilities and strategic partnerships with third parties, the company has continued to upgrade ZEEKR AD, the autonomous driving technologies on the company's battery electric vehicles (BEVs), since the company's inception. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks, and there have been accidents associated with such technologies from time to time. Although the company attempts to remedy any issues observed in the company's BEVs as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production, or may not be to the satisfaction of the company's customers. Moreover, autonomous driving technology is still evolving and is yet to achieve wide market acceptance. The safety of autonomous driving technologies depends in part on driver interaction, and drivers may not be accustomed to using such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with the company's BEVs’ autonomous driving systems occur, the company could be subject to liability, government scrutiny, and further regulation. Furthermore, accidents or defects caused by third parties’ autonomous driving technology may negatively affect public perception or result in regulatory restrictions with respect to autonomous driving technology. The company's autonomous driving technologies may be affected by regulatory restrictions. For example, the company's research and development activities on autonomous driving are subject to regulatory restrictions on surveying and mapping, as well as driverless road testing. Capitalizing on the company's in-house R&D capabilities and strategic partnerships with third parties, the company has continued to upgrade ZEEKR AD, the autonomous driving technologies on the company's battery electric vehicles (BEVs), since the company's inception. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks, and there have been accidents associated with such technologies from time to time. Although the company attempts to remedy any issues observed in the company's BEVs as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production, or may not be to the satisfaction of the company's customers. Moreover, autonomous driving technology is still evolving and is yet to achieve wide market acceptance. The safety of autonomous driving technologies depends in part on driver interaction, and drivers may not be accustomed to using such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with the company's BEVs' autonomous driving systems occur, the company could be subject to liability, government scrutiny, and further regulation. Furthermore, accidents or defects caused by third parties’ autonomous driving technology may negatively affect public perception or result in regulatory restrictions with respect to autonomous driving technology. The company's autonomous driving technologies may be affected by regulatory restrictions. For example, the company's research and development activities on autonomous driving are subject to regulatory restrictions on surveying and mapping, as well as driverless road testing. Capitalizing on the company's in-house R&D capabilities and strategic partnerships with third parties, the company has continued to upgrade the company AD, the autonomous driving technologies on the company's battery electric vehicles (BEVs), since the company's inception. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks, and there have been accidents associated with such technologies from time to time. Although the company attempts to remedy any issues observed in the company's BEVs as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production, or may not be to the satisfaction of the company's customers. Moreover, autonomous driving technology is still evolving and is yet to achieve wide market acceptance. The safety of autonomous driving technologies depends in part on driver interaction, and drivers may not be accustomed to using such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with the company's BEVs’ autonomous driving systems occur, the company could be subject to liability, government scrutiny, and further regulation. Furthermore, accidents or defects caused by third parties’ autonomous driving technology may negatively affect public perception or result in regulatory restrictions with respect to autonomous driving technology. The company's autonomous driving technologies may be affected by regulatory restrictions. For example, the company's research and development activities on autonomous driving are subject to regulatory restrictions on surveying and mapping, as well as driverless road testing. Capitalizing on the company's in-house R&D capabilities and strategic partnerships with third parties, the company has continued to upgrade ZEEKR AD, the autonomous driving technologies on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs), since its inception. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks and there have been accidents associated with such technologies from time to time. Although the company attempts to remedy any issues observed in its BEVs as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production, or may not be to the satisfaction of its customers. Moreover, autonomous driving technology is still evolving and is yet to achieve wide market acceptance. The safety of autonomous driving technologies depends in part on driver interaction, and drivers may not be accustomed to using such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with the company's BEVs’ autonomous driving systems occur, the company could be subject to liability, government scrutiny, and further regulation. Furthermore, accidents or defects caused by third parties’ autonomous driving technology may negatively affect public perception or result in regulatory restrictions with respect to autonomous driving technology. The company's autonomous driving technologies may be affected by regulatory restrictions. For example, the company's research and development activities on autonomous driving are subject to regulatory restrictions on surveying and mapping, as well as driverless road testing. Capitalizing on the company's in-house R&D capabilities and strategic partnerships with third parties, the company has continued to upgrade its autonomous driving technologies on its battery electric vehicles (BEVs), since its inception. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks, and there have been accidents associated with such technologies from time to time. Although the company attempts to remedy any issues observed in its BEVs as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production, or may not be to the satisfaction of its customers. Moreover, autonomous driving technology is still evolving and is yet to achieve wide market acceptance. The safety of autonomous driving technologies depends in part on driver interaction, and drivers may not be accustomed to using such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with the company's BEVs’ autonomous driving systems occur, the company could be subject to liability, government scrutiny, and further regulation. Furthermore, accidents or defects caused by third parties’ autonomous driving technology may negatively affect public perception or result in regulatory restrictions with respect to autonomous driving technology. The company's autonomous driving technologies may be affected by regulatory restrictions. For example, the company's research and development activities on autonomous driving are subject to regulatory restrictions on surveying and mapping, as well as driverless road testing. With the continuous development of intelligent and automation technologies, vehicles are becoming intelligent devices. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) improve the safety and comfort of the driving experience by sensing the surroundings and analyzing information collected through sensors to achieve early awareness of potential road conditions and dangers. The penetration rate of ADAS is expected to exceed 60% by 2030. In the future, the penetration rate of Level 3 and higher levels of autonomous driving will increase along with the progress of information and communication technologies such as artificial intelligence, connectivity, cloud platforms, and storage.