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How did he address the problems with the English currency?
|
carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage
|
squad
|
Does aerobic training lead to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure?
|
At group level training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL. However, correlations between training-related changes in parameters suggest that aerobic training has the potential to increase levels of everyday PA in CHF.
|
pubmedqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Five days self Limiting Rectal painful bleeding-
Option 1) Proctalgia fugax
Option 2) Internal hemorrhoides
Option 3) External hemorhoides
Option 4) Thrombosed external haemorrhoids
|
Reasoning: Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids
Final Answer: Option 4) Thrombosed external haemorrhoids
|
med_mcqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Hind milk is richer in:
Option 1) Carbohydrate
Option 2) Protein
Option 3) Fat
Option 4) Minerals
|
Reasoning: c. Fat(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 286-290, Ghai 8/e p 150-161)CharacteristicsFore milkHind milkWhat is it?Milk released at beginning of feedMilk released towards the end of feedRicher inWater, vitamins, minerals, proteinsFatSatisfiesThirst of babyHunger of baby
Final Answer: Option 3) Fat
|
med_mcqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Alzheimer's disease is treated by:
Option 1) Neostigmine
Option 2) Rivastigmine
Option 3) Trihexyphenidyl
Option 4) Benztropine
|
Reasoning: Ans. B. Rivastigminea. The mainstay of therapy for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is the use of centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors to attempt to compensate for the depletion of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampusb. Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Donepezil are centrally acting ChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil is long acting and can be used once daily. Rivastigmine is also available as a transdermal patchc. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist is also used for Alzheimer's.
Final Answer: Option 2) Rivastigmine
|
med_mcqa
|
Who was the last Qing emperor?
|
Puyi
|
squad
|
Weekend admission and treatment of patients with renal colic: a case of avoidable variation?
|
Patients with symptomatic urolithiasis who are admitted on the weekend are less likely to undergo surgery than those admitted during the week. However, the likelihood of intervention was similar among the patients with complicating factors. Physicians appear to treat the sickest patients the same, regardless of weekend admission; more elective surgical care may occur during the week.
|
pubmedqa
|
Come up with a few ways to introduce a lecture about telecommunications.
Output:
|
Welcome to the world of telecommunications! From smartphones to satellites, this lecture will explore the changing landscape of communication technology. We will discuss new innovations, their implications, and the opportunities they offer.
|
alpaca
|
Outcome after olecranon fracture repair: Does construct type matter?
|
TBW and PF of olecranon fractures had similarly excellent functional outcomes in this study. Patients undergoing PF had a longer time to union and slightly worse extension at final follow-up. TBW remains an effective treatment for appropriately selected olecranon fractures and in this cohort outperformed plate osteosynthesis.
|
pubmedqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Left homonymus hemianopia is seen in which right sided lesion
Option 1) Optic tract
Option 2) Optic nerve
Option 3) Optic chiasma
Option 4) Occipital coex
|
Reasoning: Ans: A. Optic tract
Final Answer: Option 1) Optic tract
|
med_mcqa
|
From where did Romans acquire Kermes?
|
Spain
|
squad
|
For each item in the list, give a real-life example
Input: Constant, Variable
Output:
|
Constant: The speed of light
Variable: Temperature changes with season.
|
alpaca
|
What did this agreement establish?
|
established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.
|
squad
|
What Catholic doctrine do Protestants not believe in?
|
it is the one true church
|
squad
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Which of the following results in the least veical transmission of HIV?
Option A) Forceps delivery
Option B) Normal delivery
Option C) Breast feeding
Option D) Cesarean Section
|
Reasoning: Caesarean section before onset of labour and rupture of membranes approximately halves the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Timing Transmission rate During pregnancy 5-10% During labour and delivery 10-15% During breastfeeding 5-20% Overall without breastfeeding 15-25% Overall with breastfeeding to six months 20-35% Overall with breastfeeding to 18-24 months 30-45%
Final Answer: Option D) Cesarean Section
|
med_mcqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Rebreathing systems are WE
Option 1) To & fro system
Option 2) Circle system
Option 3) Water's system
Option 4) Mapleson F
|
Reasoning: D i.e. Mapleson F - Calcium hydroxide is the main component of both sodalime (94%) and baralimeQ (80%). - Ba(OH)2 is not a constituent of soda lime, it is used in baralime. Water (of crystalization) is used to produce hardening in baralimeQ. - Clayton, mimosaQ, ethyl violet, phenolphthalein & ethyl orange are indicators.
Final Answer: Option 4) Mapleson F
|
med_mcqa
|
Explain the "golden circle" concept in business
Output:
|
The "golden circle" concept in business is a structure for understanding how a company should define its purpose, values, and vision. It is based on the concept that businesses should start with the "why" instead of the "what," which is why, what, and how. The "why" is the purpose, the "what" involves the values and principles, and the "how" is the vision and strategy.
|
alpaca
|
Nocturnal reflux episodes following the administration of a standardized meal. Does timing matter?
|
GERD patients consuming a late-evening meal had significantly greater supine acid reflux compared to when they consumed an early meal, especially in overweight patients, and in patients with esophagitis or HH. These findings support the recommendations to our GERD patients to eat dinner early and to lose weight.
|
pubmedqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Wreden's test is to demonstrate: MP 09; NEET 15
Option 1) Live bih
Option 2) Insanity
Option 3) Putrefaction
Option 4) Assault
|
Reasoning: Ans. Live bih
Final Answer: Option 1) Live bih
|
med_mcqa
|
You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage.
Passage: It was considered a very nice neighborhood . It had police watch , and there was not a single incident that had occurred in this place . So people were at ease . At night , when we were coming back to our house , I heard screaming from a neighbor 's house . As soon as I heard the noise , I was in my car , and had almost reached my home , so I immediately drove there , to see if I could help . I saw that there were men trying to break in . I immediately called 911 . So I narrated what I saw , and they asked me if I saw a person 's face or anything else . I said no because it was dark , but I saw a car which was parked close this house , and it was black Chevy truck . They told me police is already dispatched and it is on our way . I was afraid , when I saw them going to their car , so I quickly drove in opposite direction to avoid them . Question: When was it happening? Option1: at night Option2: in the daytime
|
at night
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
What recent Asian ancestry do some Marshall Island residents have?
|
Japanese
|
squad
|
What are the first three methods mentioned that make up black-box testing??
|
equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis
|
squad
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Which of the following is used for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in females?
Option 1) FLIBANSERIN
Option 2) SILDENAFIL
Option 3) ALPROSTADIL
Option 4) PAPAVERINE
|
Reasoning: FLIBANSERIN: a. Used for Hypoactive Sexual Stimulation Disorder b. Female Sexual Stimulant SILDENAFIL: a. PDE-5 inhibitor b. Used for erectile dysfunction ALPROSTADIL, PAPAVERINE, PHENTOLAMINE: Injectables used in treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.
Final Answer: Option 1) FLIBANSERIN
|
med_mcqa
|
Suggest ways that someone can show compassion to another person.
Output:
|
Showing compassion to another person can be done in a variety of ways. One way is to treat the person with respect, especially when they are having a rough day. Simple acts of kindness, such as offering a helping hand or a listening ear, can also help to show compassion. It can also be done by speaking in a comforting voice, offering kind words of encouragement, and providing a safe environment where the person knows they are accepted and respected. Finally, simple gestures such as a hug or a hand squeeze can help transmit empathy and understanding.
|
alpaca
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Maximum recommended external beam radiation therapy dose for a case of Carcinoma cervix is?
Option A) 80 Gy
Option B) 70 Gy
Option C) 50 Gy
Option D) 35 Gy
|
Reasoning: Ans. C. 50 Gy."External-beam doses of more than 40 to 45 Gy to the central pelvis tend to compromise the dose deliverable to paracentral tissues and increase the risk of late complications. However, recently IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy) allows delivery of doses exceeding 60 Gy with relative sparing of adjacent critical structures"Discussion:RADIATION THERAPY IN CERVICAL CANCERAs with radical surgery, the goal of radical radiotherapy is to sterilize disease in the cervix, paracervical tissues, and regional lymph nodes in the pelvis. Patients are usually treated with a combination of external-beam irradiation to the pelvis and brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is a critical element in the curative radiation Rx of all carcinomas of the cervix. Even relatively small tumors that involve multiple quadrants of the cervix are usually treated with total doses of 80 to 85 Gy to point A.Teletherapy dose rates:# An initial dose of 40 to 45 Gy to the whole pelvis, is believed to deliver a homogeneous distribution to the entire region at risk for microscopic disease and the additional tumor shrinkage achieved before brachytherapy outweigh other considerations.# External-beam doses of more than 40 to 45 Gy to the central pelvis tend to compromise the dose deliverable to paracentral tissues and increase the risk of late complications.# Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of IMRT to treat the pelvis in patients with endometrial and cervical cancer. Unlike standard two-field and four-field techniques, IMRT makes it possible to deliver a lower daily dose to the intrapelvic contents than to surrounding pelvic lymph nodes. IMRT allows delivery of doses exceeding 60 Gy with relative sparing of adjacent critical structures.Brachytherapy dose rates:# An effort should always be made to deliver at least 85 Gy (with LDR brachytherapy-csl37) to Point A for patients with bulky central disease.# If the intracavitary placement has been optimized, this can usually be accomplished without exceeding a dose of 75 Gy to the bladder reference point or 70 Gy to the rectal reference point.# The dose to the surface of the lateral wall of the apical vagina should not usually exceed 120 to 140 Gy.# A total dose (external-beam and intracavitary) of 50 to 55 Gy appears to be sufficient to sterilize microscopic disease in the pelvic nodes in most patients. It is customary to treat lymph nodes known to contain gross disease and heavily involved parametria to a total dose of 60 to 65 Gy (including the contribution from brachytherapy Rxs).
Final Answer: Option C) 50 Gy
|
med_mcqa
|
Are generic and brand-name statins clinically equivalent?
|
Our findings do not support the notion that in the real world clinical practice brand-name statins are superior to generics for keeping therapy and preventing CV outcomes.
|
pubmedqa
|
Is preoperative donation of autologous blood rational for radical retropubic prostatectomy?
|
Our retrospective review of a cohort of patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy showed no difference in homologous blood transfusion based on preoperative autologous donation status. Autologous donors had lower hemoglobin preoperatively, a higher rate of transfused units and higher hemoglobin at hospital discharge. Preoperative donation of autologous blood may not decrease the need for homologous transfusion in healthy patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.
|
pubmedqa
|
Compare and Contrast JavaScript and Python
Output:
|
JavaScript and Python are both high-level programming languages used in developing web applications.
JavaScript is a scripting language that is based in C, but has an improved syntax and is event-driven. It is used to create dynamic user interfaces and add interactive elements to web pages. It is also often used to communicate with back-end databases. On the other hand, Python is a general-purpose programming language that is high-level and object-oriented. It is used to create standalone applications and can be used to communicate with databases or can be used as a scripting language.
Both languages have a large suite of libraries and have a large developer community. JavaScript is the most commonly used language on the web, with over 95% of websites using it. Python is the most popular language for Machine Learning, and is gaining traction in Web Development.
When deciding which language to use, it is important to consider the project requirements, development team experience, and scalability needs.
|
alpaca
|
Convert the following number to text: 4,162
Output:
|
Four thousand one hundred and sixty-two.
|
alpaca
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: An 8-year-old boy presents with headaches, dizziness, and malaise approximately 2 weeks after a severe sore throat. His mother describes puffiness of his face and darkening of his urine. She also notes that her son is passing less urine and that he is becoming increasingly short of breath. On physical examination, there is anasarca, hypertension (190/130 mm Hg), and tachycardia. The urine is scanty and brownish red. Urinalysis shows 3+ proteinuria. Microscopic examination of the urine discloses numerous RBCs, as well as occasional granular and red cell casts. A renal biopsy is stained by direct immunofluorescence microscopy for complement C3, and the results are shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the patient?
Option A) Escherichia coli
Option B) Epstein-Barr virus
Option C) Group A (b-hemolytic) streptococci
Option D) Klebsiella sp.
|
Reasoning: Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is an immune complex disease of childhood, which occurs after an infection with group A (b -hemolytic) streptococci and is caused by the deposition of immune complexes in glomeruli. Occasional examples are caused by staphylococcal infection (e.g., acute staphylococcal endocarditis, staphylococcal abscess), and rare cases result from viral (e.g., hepatitis B) or parasitic (e.g., malaria) infections. The primary infection involves the pharynx or, in hot and humid environments, the skin. In recent years, the proportion of cases of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis caused by staphylococcal infection (choice E) has been increasing.Diagnosis: Nephritic syndrome, acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Final Answer: Option C) Group A (b-hemolytic) streptococci
|
med_mcqa
|
Re-word the following sentence to remove the slang.
Input: His mom was totally chill about it.
Output:
|
His mother was very accepting of it.
|
alpaca
|
In this task, you are given a text from tweets. Your task is to classify given tweet text into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
@AFMPeetah Take some good pics!!! Can't wait to see them...I can't be there
|
negative
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Create a checklist to help people decrease their food waste.
Output:
|
- Plan meals in advance, only purchasing the necessary ingredients.
- Organize your refrigerator, shelves and pantry so items which need to be used first are easy to identify.
- Make a shopping list and stick to it.
- Before you go shopping, check to see what items you already have.
- Don’t be afraid to use leftovers in creative ways.
- Check expiration dates often and use items before they spoil.
- Freeze items which will expire before you have a chance to eat them.
- Donate food that is about to expire to food banks and soup kitchens.
- Compost the food waste which cannot be used or donated.
|
alpaca
|
How is royal assent granted within Australia?
|
the governor-general merely signs the bill
|
squad
|
Given a scientific passage and an answer, generate a question for the given answer.
Passage: Marsupials give birth to a tiny, immature embryo. The embryo then continues to grow and develop in a pouch on the mother’s belly. This is less risky for the mother. However, the embryo is fragile, so it may be less likely to survive than the fetus of a placental mammal. Answer: marsupials
|
What type of mammal gives birth to young that need to develop further in the mother's pouch after birth?
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Split the following word into its syllables.
Input: Hippopotamus
Output:
|
Hip-po-pot-a-mus
|
alpaca
|
Reword this sentence to avoid repetition of words: "We need to need to develop a plan"
Output:
|
We must formulate a plan.
|
alpaca
|
What was the name of the new anesthetic given to Victoria for the birth of Leopold?
|
chloroform
|
squad
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: DOC for treatment of SSPE -
Option A) Abacavir
Option B) Inosine pranobex
Option C) Glatiramer
Option D) Interferon
|
Reasoning: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inosine pranobex o Inosine pranobex is used as an immune-modulator for the management of patients with :1. Immune-depression suffereing from viral infections such as SSPE, varicella, herpes simplex Type 1 & 2.2. In the management of recurrent herpes simplex Type 1 & 2.3. As an adjunct in the treatment of genital warts.
Final Answer: Option B) Inosine pranobex
|
med_mcqa
|
The Doha Declaration allows for what ways for monopolies to be bypassed?
|
compulsory licensing or parallel imports
|
squad
|
Can curcumin modulate allergic rhinitis in rats?
|
Curcumin is an effective treatment for experimentally induced allergic rhinitis in rats.
|
pubmedqa
|
Isolated echogenic foci in the left upper quadrant of the fetal abdomen: are they significant?
|
Many echogenic foci in the left upper quadrant of the fetal abdomen will disappear, and the outcome is promising even when the lesion persists after birth.
|
pubmedqa
|
Given a scientific question, generate a correct answer to it.
What type of joint are ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot examples of?
|
movable
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Who blocked the takeover attempt?
|
then federal Treasurer Peter Costello
|
squad
|
Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. The story has one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader.
Jayden entered the TV_room. William entered the TV_room. The orange is in the green_treasure_chest. Jayden moved the orange to the red_box. Phone rang. Where will William look for the orange?
|
red_box
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Based on the following two sentences, create a new sentence that expresses the motives of the character.
Input: He marched down the stairs. His eyes were burning with anger.
Output:
|
He stomped down the stairs, determined to express his rage.
|
alpaca
|
Input a number and double it.
Input: 5
Output:
|
10
|
alpaca
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: "Phantom calyx/Amputated calyx" on IVU is feature of?
Option A) Tuberculosis
Option B) Hydronephrosis
Option C) Bilharziasis
Option D) UPJ obstruction
|
Reasoning: Ans. A. TuberculosisEarly renal tb: IVUAdvanced renal tb: CTRadiologic findings in renal tb include:a. Urographic demonstration (ivu) of diminished excretion of the contrast medium, focally or generally.b. Poorly defined one or more calyces.c. Cavitation communicating with the pc system, demonstrable by urography or retrograde pyelography. The irregular cavities may be multiple.d. Cortical scarring with abnormality of underlying calyces, similar to the changes of chronic pyelonephritis.e. Mass lesions due to tuberculoma.f. Dilatation of pc system due to parenchymal destruction or strictures. Ureteral strictures result in generalized pyelocaliectasis. Infundibular (calyceal neck) stretching and strictures result in localized hydrocalycosis.g. Calcification in the renal parenchyma, usually of a granular, mottled type. However, linear or ring calcification or homogenous amorphous collection are seen. The calcification rims outlining the periphery of distorted renal lobes is unique.h. Autonephrectomy/putty kidney.i. Ureteric tuberculosis -i. Produces mucosal and wall ulceration, fibrosis, stricture and calcificationii. "saw-tooth or cork-screw" ureteriii. Beaded ureter, short, straight, rigid and narrow ureter especially terminal segmentiv. Calcification is, however, rare in ureteral tuberculosis and when occurs involves lower segmentj. Symmetrical small spastic, and thickened bladder or small multilobular bladder (thimble bladder).
Final Answer: Option A) Tuberculosis
|
med_mcqa
|
Return the XML tag for a given input sentence.
Input: This is a heading
Output:
|
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
|
alpaca
|
How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in bees?
|
He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax
|
squad
|
In this task, you will be given a list of integers. You should remove all of the odd integers from the list(consider 0 an even number). If every integer in the input list is odd then an empty list ("[]") should be returned. Otherwise, answer with the list of even numbers separated by comma inside brackets.
[40, -95, -49, 81, 56, 18, 69]
|
[40, 56, 18]
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
Context_1 : Hall of Fame Racing was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series racing team principally owned by Jeff Moorad, Tom Garfinkel, and Tom Davin. The team was created as a joint venture between former Dallas Cowboys quarterbacks Roger Staubach, Troy Aikman and Bill Saunders. The team has closed following the 2009 season, with its best season coming with Tony Raines and Ron Fellows (for the road courses) behind the wheel of the No. 96 DLP Chevrolet, finishing 25th in owners points in 2007. Context_2 : <onlyinclude>This is a complete list of American football players who have played for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). It includes players that have played at least one game in the NFL regular season. The Dallas Cowboys franchise was founded in 1960 as an expansion team. The team has earned the most postseason appearances (28, which includes another league record of 54 postseason games, winning 32 of them), the most appearances in the NFC Championship Game (14), and the 2nd most Super Bowl appearances (8), After the New England Patriots and their 9 Super Bowl appearances. The Cowboys have played for 10 NFL Championships and have won five, all five being Super Bowls.</onlyinclude> Context_3 : The 440 Alliance is an American cello rock band from Arlington, Texas consisting of five cellists and a percussionist. The group formed in 2004 and is known for their diverse approach to the cello, incorporating electric effects, turntables, piano, and mallet percussion. They received national exposure on NPR's "All Songs Considered", the Drew Pearson Show on Fox Sports, and on Fox's musical reality show, "The Next Great American Band". The group has performed at a number of private parties for celebrities including Troy Aikman (Former NFL Quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys), Jerry Jones (Dallas Cowboys owner), John Kirtland (Former drummer for Deep Blue Something and owner of Kirtland Records), Janine Turner (from Northern Exposure), members of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, as well as the Dallas, TX movie premier for the film 'The Soloist' (starring Jamie Foxx and Robert Downey Jr.). Context_4 : Mark Pulemau Tuinei (March 31, 1960 – May 6, 1999) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys. Known as a "gentle giant", his career lasted for 15 years (1983–1997) and his ability to protect quarterback Troy Aikman and to run-block for running back Emmitt Smith helped them win Super Bowls in 1992, 1993, and 1995 and the NFC East Division in 1985 and 1992-96. He was also selected for the Pro Bowl in 1994 and 1995. Context_5 : The 2000 Dallas Cowboys season was the 41st season for the team in the National Football League. Cowboys owner Jerry Jones would promote the team's long-time defensive coordinator, Dave Campo, to be the fifth head coach of the Dallas Cowboys. This was also Troy Aikman's last season with the team. Context_6 : Troy Kenneth Aikman (born November 21, 1966) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Dallas Cowboys in the National Football League (NFL). The number one overall draft pick in 1989, Aikman played twelve consecutive seasons as quarterback with the Cowboys. During his career he was a six-time Pro Bowl selection, led the team to three Super Bowl victories, and was the Super Bowl XXVII MVP. Aikman was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006 and to the College Football Hall of Fame on December 9, 2008 in New York City. Context_7 : The 2002 Dallas Cowboys season was the 43rd season for the team in the National Football League. It was Emmitt Smith's 13th and final season with the team, officially marking the end of the famed "triplets" tenure in Dallas after wide receiver Michael Irvin was forced to retire prematurely after the 1999 season and quarterback Troy Aikman retired prior to the start of the 2001 season. All three players would eventually be inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. It was also the last of three consecutive 5-11 finishes for the Cowboys, beginning in 2000. Context_8 : The 1993 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 44th season with the National Football League. This season was notable for coach Bill Belichick deciding to bench, and then ultimately release, longtime starting quarterback Bernie Kosar in favor of Vinny Testaverde. Kosar resurfaced during the season with the Dallas Cowboys, when he was part of the eventual Super Bowl champions as a fill-in for injured quarterback Troy Aikman. The Browns get off to a 5-2 start despite the Quarterback Controversy. Prior to the start of the season the Browns signed Free Agent Quarterback Vinny Testaverde. Originally Testaverde was supposed to back-up his former University of Miami teammate Bernie Kosar. However, when Testaverde performed better when given the opportunity to play some felt there should be a change at the Quarterback position. However, the Browns went beyond that by unceremoniously releasing Kosar in the middle of the season. The Browns lost their next four games and seven of their last nine games to finish with a 7-9 record. Context_9 : Michael Jerome Irvin (born March 5, 1966) is a retired American football player, actor, and sports commentator. Irvin played college football at the University of Miami, then for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) for his entire pro athletic career (1988-1999), which ended due to a spinal cord injury. Irvin was nicknamed "The Playmaker" due to his penchant for making big plays in big games during his college and pro careers. He is one of three key Cowboys offensive players who helped the team attain three Super Bowl wins: he is known as one of "The Triplets" along with Troy Aikman and Emmitt Smith. He is also a former broadcaster for ESPN's "Sunday NFL Countdown" and currently an analyst for NFL Network. In 2007, he was selected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Context_10 : David Wayne Parks (born December 25, 1941 in Muenster, Texas) is a former American football wide receiver/end in the NFL. He was the first overall selection in the 1964 NFL Draft out of Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University). Parks was selected to three Pro Bowls, and was an All-Pro selection two times. In 2008 Parks was selected to be enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame along with twelve other players and two coaches. Among the class of 2008 are such notables as Lou Holtz, Troy Aikman, Jay Novacek, and Thurman Thomas. He is one of only three people to be drafted #1 as a wide receiver, alongside Irving Fryar in 1984 and Keyshawn Johnson in 1996 fact_1 : David Wayne Parks (born December 25, 1941 in Muenster, Texas) is a former American football wide receiver/end in the NFL. fact_2 : Among the class of 2008 are such notables as Lou Holtz, Troy Aikman, Jay Novacek, and Thurman Thomas. fact_3 : Troy Kenneth Aikman (born November 21, 1966) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Dallas Cowboys in the National Football League (NFL). Question: Both David Parks and Troy Aikman are former American football players, who played for the Dallas cowboys?
|
Troy Aikman
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Which of the following is not a vascular malformation?
Option 1) Infantile haemangioma
Option 2) Salmon patch
Option 3) Po wine stain
Option 4) Naevus aneamicus
|
Reasoning: Vascular bihmarks are broadly classified into: A) Vascular tumours B) Vascular malformations All the above mentioned conditions are vascular malformations except for haemangioma which is a vascular tumour. Note: salmon patch - synonyms --- stork bite or mark/ Nuchal stain Ref: Rook's textbook of dermatology, Edition-8, Page-18.40.
Final Answer: Option 1) Infantile haemangioma
|
med_mcqa
|
What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?
|
Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men
|
squad
|
In this task, you are given inputs i,j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to concatenate all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, and print the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j.
1, 9, ['D', 'c', '6863', 'j', '2157', 'q', '1435', '5489', '3729', '1633', '2375', '9141', '2771', '887']
|
Dc6863j2157q143554893729
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Which view of evolution emphasizing large changes in organisms' phenotypes does Popper oppose to his own?
|
hopeful monster
|
squad
|
In this task, you are given a hateful post in English from online platforms. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: aggresive or non-aggresive. An aggresive post is one that expresses feelings and opinions in an abusive way and tries to dominate others. Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Post: @DailyMailUK Why do those who have neen accepted as refugees want the uk to take in more ? handing out things wont change peoples mind
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Non-aggresive
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supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Determine what type of type the given sentence is.
Input: She said, “Writer’s block is a real thing.”
Output:
|
Direct quotation
|
alpaca
|
Do laparoscopic colectomy techniques compromise oncologic principles?
|
While HALC was more prevalent at our institution and proved to be associated with decreased operative times, the number of lymph nodes retrieved was sub-optimal and compared less favorably with LAC. Above all, oncologic principles should be respected and achieved regardless of the operative technique used.
|
pubmedqa
|
When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?
|
1941
|
squad
|
Post-herpes simplex encephalitis chorea: Viral replication or immunological mechanism?
|
Post-herpes simplex encephalitis with acute chorea may involve two mechanisms: resumption of viral replication or an immunoinflammatory mechanism. Treatment of post-herpes simplex encephalitis with acute chorea depends on the underlying mechanism, while prevention is based on antiviral treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis with acyclovir at the dose of 20mg/kg/8h for 21 days.
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pubmedqa
|
Come up with a limerick about a car.
Output:
|
There once was a car so fine,
It seemed like we'd drive in divine.
It drove through the night,
Headlights ever so bright,
And took us on a wonderful ride.
|
alpaca
|
Write an algorithm for the Towers of Hanoi.
Output:
|
def hanoi(n, source, spare, target):
if n > 0:
# Step 1: Move n-1 disks from Source to Spare.
hanoi(n-1, source, target, spare)
# Step 2: Move the nth disk from Source to Target.
target.push(source.pop())
# Step 3: Move n-1 disks from Spare to Target.
hanoi(n-1, spare, source, target)
|
alpaca
|
Do adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) neglect proprioceptive information in sensory integration of postural control?
|
AIS as CA were unable to control efficiently their postural orientation on the basis of the proprioceptive cues, the only sensory information available in the EC situation, whereas in the same condition healthy young adults present no difficulty to achieve the postural control. This suggests that AIS as CA transitory neglect proprioceptive information to control their posture. These results and previous studies suggest the existence of different afferent pathways for proprioceptive information subserving different parts in sensory integration of postural control. We conclude that the static proprioceptive system is not affected by the idiopathic scoliosis, while the dynamic proprioceptive system would be mainly affected.
|
pubmedqa
|
Most modern American common law came from what kind of law?
|
English common law
|
squad
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Newborn infants are administered vitamin K at bih at a dose of ______
Option 1) 0.5-1 mg IM
Option 2) 5-10 mg IV
Option 3) 1-5 mg IV
Option 4) 0.1-0.5 mg IM
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Reasoning: All newborn infants are to be administered vitamin K at a dose of 0.5 - 1 mg intramuscularly, to prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn (HDN) However, for newborns with vitamin K deficiency, the dose of vitamin K administered is 1- 5 mg Intravenously. Ref: Nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st edition Pgno: 873
Final Answer: Option 1) 0.5-1 mg IM
|
med_mcqa
|
A ploynomial equation is a sum of terms. Here each term is either a constant number, or consists of the variable x raised to a certain power and multiplied by a number. These numbers are called weights. For example, in the polynomial: 2x^2+3x+4, the weights are: 2,3,4. You can present a polynomial with the list of its weights, for example, equation weights = [6, 4] represent the equation 6x + 4 and equation weights = [1, 3, 4] represent the equation 1x^2 + 3x + 4. In this task, you need to compute the result of a polynomial expression by substituing a given value of x in the given polynomial equation. Equation weights are given as a list.
x = 6, equation weights = [7, 8, 0]
|
300
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supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Make a list of at least 5 unique ways to simplify the given sentence.
Input: She kept on eating until the plate was empty.
Output:
|
1. She ate until the plate was clear.
2. She ate until the plate was vacant.
3. She ate until there was nothing left on the plate.
4. She kept eating until there was no food on the plate.
5. She ate until there was no trace of food on the plate.
|
alpaca
|
Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?
|
increased immigration
|
squad
|
Compose a tweet with the following words: Protest, Equality, Autonomy
Output:
|
We must stand for protest, equality, and autonomy for all. #TheFutureIsYours
|
alpaca
|
Explain what the Big-O notation means in computer science.
Output:
|
In computer science, Big-O notation is used to describe the performance of an algorithm— specifically the worst case number of operations required to execute the algorithm. Big-O notation assigns a letter "O" to a function that describes the growth rate of its execution time. The number of operations is then classified according to how quickly it grows in terms of the input size. Big-O notation is often used to compare different algorithms to see which one is faster.
|
alpaca
|
In this task, you are given an input list A. If the count of numbers is more than that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers Win'. If the count of alphabets is more than that of numbers in the list, answer 'Alphabets Win'. If the count of numbers is same as that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers and Alphabets are Tied'.
['5967', 'd', 'C', '9451', 'E', '4639', 'N', '5521', 'd', 'B', 'E', 'Q', 'N', '6317', 'u', '7391', '3403']
|
Alphabets Win
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. The story has one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader.
Mia entered the study. Jacob entered the study. The banana is in the green_cupboard. Mia moved the banana to the blue_suitcase. Phone rang. Where does Mia think that Jacob searches for the banana?
|
blue_suitcase
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
What is the name of one Dominican Order institution of learning?
|
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
|
squad
|
In this task, you will be presented with a question and you have to answer the question based on your knowledge. Your answers should be as short as possible.
What is the vocal range of the singer with the 1998 single Uninvited ?
|
mezzo-soprano
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Test for (3- thalassemia trait -
Option 1) HbA2
Option 2) HbF
Option 3) Fragility test
Option 4) Coomb's test
|
Reasoning: Ans. is 'a' i.e., HbA2Hemoglobin electrophoresis is classically associated with elevated HbA2
Final Answer: Option 1) HbA2
|
med_mcqa
|
Create a list of animals that are native to the Amazon rainforest.
Output:
|
- Tapir
- Tamarin
- Jaguar
- Capybara
- Anaconda
- Sloth
- Scarlet Macaw
- Puma
- Spider Monkey
- Poison Dart Frog
- Saki Monkey
- Peccary
- Tufted-ear Marmoset
- Squirrel Monkey
- Red-eyed Green Tree Frog
- Armadillo
- Harpy Eagle
- Otter
- Black Caiman
|
alpaca
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Bowler hat sign is seen in
Option A) Sigmoid volvulus
Option B) Midgut volvulus
Option C) Intussusception
Option D) Sessile colonic polyp
|
Reasoning: BOWLER HAT SIGN: Cup shaped filled defect seen on air contrast barium enema that represents POLYP if it points towards lumen. The "bowler-hat sign" represents the appearance of a sessile colonic polyp observed at an oblique angle on a double contrast barium enema. The bowler-hat sign is formed by a ring of barium adjacent to the base of the polyp surrounding a domed layer of barium coating the surface of the polyp.
Final Answer: Option D) Sessile colonic polyp
|
med_mcqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: What is Incidence Rate: September 2010
Option A) It represents the number of old cases in the community
Option B) It represents the number of new cases in the community
Option C) It represents the number of total cases in the community
Option D) It represents the number of cured cases in the community
|
Reasoning: Ans. B: It represents the number of new cases in the Incidence propoion (also known as cumulative incidence) is the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the size of the population initially at risk. For example, if a population initially contains 1,000 non-diseased persons and 28 develop a condition over two years of observation, the incidence propoion is 28 cases per 1,000 persons, i.e. 2.8%
Final Answer: Option B) It represents the number of new cases in the community
|
med_mcqa
|
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head is capable of the Tail or not. Being capable of something includes general capabilities, such as a human is capable of thinking and reasoning or drinking coffee. It also includes specialized capabilities such as a surgeon is capable of operating on a patient. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: PersonX absorbs every ___<sep>Tail: Conscious
|
No
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Compute the average of the following numbers: 6, 15, 28, 42
Output:
|
23.5
|
alpaca
|
Steroid-responsive myopathy: immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy or polymyositis without inflammation?
|
The absence of inflammation in muscle biopsy may lead to misdiagnosis of muscular dystrophy; however, if the clinical impression is that of inflammatory myopathy, an immunomodulatory treatment should be initiated. During the past century, there has been much controversy about the diagnosis of polymyositis (PM). The debate is still ongoing. We present hereby a patient with typical course and clinical features of PM who underwent two muscle biopsies, several years apart, which showed necrotizing myopathy, practically without inflammation, leading to misdiagnosis of muscular dystrophy. This report brings up the dispute regarding the role of muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of PM.
|
pubmedqa
|
How many members are in a parliamentary body?
Output:
|
The number of members in a parliamentary body depends on the country, but typically ranges from 279 to 682.
|
alpaca
|
Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?
|
Palmela
|
squad
|
What is the best way to list five facts about bicycles?
Output:
|
1. Bicycles have been used for transportation for centuries.
2. Bicycles are environmentally friendly vehicles.
3. Bicycles are used for recreational activities such as biking, mountain biking, and BMX riding.
4. Bicycle frames can be made from carbon fiber, aluminium, steel, or titanium.
5. Bicycle components include the pedals, cranks, chainrings, derailleurs, brakes, and wheels.
|
alpaca
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: The drug of choice in scleroderma induced hypertensive crisis is:
Option A) ACE inhibitors
Option B) Angiotensin receptor blockers
Option C) Beta blockers
Option D) Sodium nitroprusside
|
Reasoning: Ans. (a) ACE inhibitorsRef ERS Pharmacology Gobind Sparsh /85ACE inhibitors are drug of choice for scleroderma induced hypertensive crisis. Other important points about ACE inhibitors can be remembered as:C - CoughA - AngioedemaP - Prodrugs (except captopril and Lisinopril)T - Taste disturbancesO - Orthostatic hypotension (when combined with diuretics)P - Pregnancy (contra-indicated)R - bilateral Renal artery stenosis (contra-indicated)I - Increased K+ (contra-indicated)L - Lower the formation of Ang II (Mechanism)
Final Answer: Option A) ACE inhibitors
|
med_mcqa
|
Anorectal fissures: an under-recognized cause of low back pain?
|
Low back pain is a challenging chief complaint to the primary care diagnostician due to its wide differential. In a careful and thorough work-up of this complaint, disorders of the anus and rectum should not be overlooked as possible culprits.
|
pubmedqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: A 3 weeks male child born to a Primi mother, is presenting with noisy breathing sound. Child is afebrile, sleeping and feeding well and on clinical examination, he is normal. Management protocol include:
Option A) Begin IV antibiotics
Option B) Reassure and give saline nasal drop
Option C) Give racemic epinephnne
Option D) Order for a chest X-ray
|
Reasoning: b. Reassure and give saline nasal drop(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2048-2050)In this case, the baby appears to have no evidence of respiratory distress like tachypnea or retractions. The baby does not have any pneumonia, but only some coryza. So the appropriate management here is Reassure and give saline nasal drops.
Final Answer: Option B) Reassure and give saline nasal drop
|
med_mcqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Number of ATPs formed per cycle of TCA -
Option A) 10
Option B) 24
Option C) 8
Option D) 30
|
Reasoning: Ans. is 'a' i.e., 10o Every turn of TCA cycle produces -i) 10 A TPs - If starting meterial is considered acetyl CoAii) 12 5 ATPs - It starting material is considered pyruvate.Energetics of TCA cycleso One turn of the TCA cycle, starting with acetyl CoA produces 10 ATPs. When the starting molecule is pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate yields 2.5 ATPs and therefore, 12.5 ATPs are produced when starting compound is pyruvate. Since, two molecules of pyruvate enter the TCA cycle when glucose is metabolized (glycolysis produces 2 molecules of pyruvate), the number of ATPs is doubled. Therefore, 25 ATP molecules, per glucose molecule, are produced when pyruvate enters the TCA cycleo Note: Previously calculations were made assuming that NADH produces 3 ATPs and FADH generates 2 ATPs. This will amount a net generation of 30 ATP molecules in TCA per molecule glucose and total 38 molecules from starting. Recent experiments show that these values are overestimates and NADH produces 2.5 ATPs and FADH produces 1.5 ATPs. Therefore, net generation during TCA is 25 ATPs and complete oxidation of glucose through glycolysis plus citric acid cycle yield a net 32 ATPs.o Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is completely oxidized through glycolysis plus citric acid cycle, under aerobic conditions, is as followsPathwayStep EnzymeSourceMethod of ATP formationNo of ATPs gained perglucose (new calculation)No of ATPs As per old calculationGlycolysis1 Hexokinase_ Minus 1Minus1Do3 Phosphofructokinase- Minus 1Minus1Do5 Glyceraldehyde-3-p DHNADHRespiratory chain2.5x2 =53x2=6Do6 1,3-BPG kinaseATPSubstrate level1x2 =21x2=2Do9 Pyruvate kinaseATPSubstrate level1 x 2 =21x2=2Pyruvate to Acetyl CoAPyruvateDehydrogenaseNADHRespiratory chain2.5 x 2 =53x2=6TCA cycle3 Isocitrate DHNADHRespiratory chain2.5 x 2 =53x2=6Do4 Alpha keto glutarate DHNADHRespiratory chain2.5 x 2 =53x2=6Do5 Succinate thiokinaseGTPSubstrate level1x2 =21x2=2Do6 Succicinate DHFADH2Respiratory chain1.5 x 2 =32x2= 4Do8 Malate DHNADHRespiratory chain2.5 x 2 =53x2= 6Net generation in glycolytic pathway9 minus 2=7 10 minus 2 = 8Generation in pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction=5= 6Generation in citric acid cycle=20= 24Net generation of ATP from one glucose mole=32= 38
Final Answer: Option A) 10
|
med_mcqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Species identification is done by -
Option A) Neutron activation analysis (N.A.A.)
Option B) Precipitin test
Option C) Benzidine test
Option D) Spectroscopy
|
Reasoning: Ref: THE ESSENTIALS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY- Dr. K.S.NARAYAN REDDY 32 EDITION page no-432 This method determines whether the blood derived from human being or from lower animal. It is an immunological test(serological examination). Principle: Blood serum contains proteins in colloidal suspension ,and when human serum is injected into an animal,the animal become immunised against these proteins and antibodies develop in its blood .If human serum is then brought into contact with this animal serum,the antibodies in the animal serum react with the proteins in the human serum and a visible precipitate forms. The antibodies causing this reaction are known as precipitins and the animal serum is known as antihumam precipitin serum.A rabbit or a fowl is injected with human blood every third day for 3 to 5 injections. after thuis animal is killed and the antiserum is collected. A suitable antiserum should react immmediately or within a minute on the 1:1000 dilution Application of the test: It is a specific protein test, and the reaction demonstrates the presence of albuminous substances obtained from any pa of human body. the origin of skin, flesh,bone or even secretions such as saliva ,milk and semen is determined by this test.
Final Answer: Option B) Precipitin test
|
med_mcqa
|
To what entity is the Vedanta Vishnu similar in other religions?
|
monotheistic God
|
squad
|
Sing a song about waking up.
Output:
|
I get up in the morning light
My mind is ready for the day
Grab my coffee and I start to feel all right
The sun is shining, there's no way that I can stay
I'm feeling good and I'm ready to go
Gonna take my time, ain't in no rush, no
Climbing up the stairs, out of my bedroom door
See my reflection and I'm ready to explore
Wake up in the morning, I can hear the birds sing
Wake up in the morning, the sun is on my skin
All I ever wanted was to be free, yeah
Open up my eyes and feel the energy
Ready for the morning, ready for today
A heart that's full of joy in every single way
Take a deep breath, time to start the show
Gonna take on the world, let's see it grow
|
alpaca
|
Does fast-tracking increase the readmission rate after pulmonary resection?
|
In our experience, the implementation of a fast-tracking program after pulmonary lobectomy was very effective and safe. It led to a postoperative reduction of hospital stay without an increase in the readmission rate.
|
pubmedqa
|
Given a set of four words, generate the category that the words belong to. Words are separated by commas. The possible categories are social gathering, accomodation, physical property, measurement unit, corporate, nutritional value, boats, police punishment, location (proximity), card games, outdoor sport activity, military rank, baby animals, weather, consumer product, animals, boxing terminology, food, chocolate food, bird, type of sandwich, date status, body part, ocean, employment activity, moral characteristic, elements, poker, computers, construction, guitar part, shady activities, physical activity, kitchenware, temperature, type of rigidity, emotional status, season, mode of transportation, window material, activity, emotional display, geographical property, fried food, store status, widespread, aesthetic characteristic, alcoholic drinks, secretary duty, direction, personal characteristic, and animal.
toast, burger, club, submarine
|
type of sandwich
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
In this task, you are given a text from tweets. Your task is to classify given tweet text into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
really tired, going to get some sleep now. goodnight
|
positive
|
supernatural-instructions-2m
|
Who founded the Qing dynasty?
|
Jurchen
|
squad
|
Should angiographically disease-free saphenous vein grafts be replaced at the time of redo coronary artery bypass grafting?
|
With a conservative approach that does not replace nondiseased saphenous vein grafts at redo CABG (1) there is no increase in operative mortality, (2) good late survival is obtained, (3) clinical ischemia related to the NR saphenous vein grafts is uncommon, and (4) NR grafts continue to be patent. We conclude that disease-free vein grafts may not require routine replacement at redo CABG. A randomized study is required for definitive resolution.
|
pubmedqa
|
Answer the MCQ question, first give your reasoning: Which of the following opioid is used by transdermal route in cases of malignancy associated pain -
Option 1) Fentanyl
Option 2) Morphine
Option 3) Codeine
Option 4) Oxycodone
|
Reasoning: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fentanyl o Fentanyl is opioid analgesic used via transdermal delivery systems in case of chronic pain.
Final Answer: Option 1) Fentanyl
|
med_mcqa
|
Where is the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom?
|
South Asia
|
squad
|
Find the first quartile of this set: 8, 10, 10, 11, 11, 13
Output:
|
The first quartile of the given set is 10.
|
alpaca
|
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