#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import vedo
import vedo.shapes as shapes
import vedo.utils as utils
import vtk
from vedo import settings
from vedo.assembly import Assembly
from vedo.colors import getColor
from vedo.colors import printc
from vedo.mesh import merge
from vedo.mesh import Mesh
from vedo.pointcloud import Points
from vedo.tetmesh import TetMesh
from vedo.volume import Volume

__doc__ = ("Create additional objects like axes, legends, lights, etc..""" + vedo.docs._defs)

__all__ = [
            "ScalarBar",
            "ScalarBar3D",
            "addSlider2D",
            "addSlider3D",
            "addButton",
            "addCutterTool",
            "addIcon",
            "LegendBox",
            "Light",
            "Axes",
            "Ruler",
            "RulerAxes",
            "Goniometer",
]


###########################################################################################
class LegendBox(vtk.vtkLegendBoxActor, shapes.TextBase):
    """
    Create a 2D legend box for the list of specified objects

    :param int nmax: max number of legend entries
    :param c: text color, leave as None to pick the mesh color
    :param float width: width of the box as fraction of the window width
    :param float height: height of the box as fraction of the window height
    :param int pad: padding space in number of pixels
    :param bg: background color of the box
    :param float alpha: opacity of the box
    :param str pos: position of the box, can be either a string or a (x,y) screen position in range [0,1]
    """
    def __init__( self,
                 entries=(),
                 nmax=12,
                 c=None,
                 font="",
                 width=0.18,
                 height=None,
                 pad=2,
                 bg="k8",
                 alpha=0.25,
                 pos="top-right",
                 markers=None,
        ):
        shapes.TextBase.__init__(self)
        vtk.vtkLegendBoxActor.__init__(self)

        self.name = "LegendBox"
        self.entries = entries[:nmax]

        n = 0
        texts = []
        for e in self.entries:
            ename = e.name
            if 'legend' in e.info.keys():
                if not e.info['legend']:
                    ename = ''
                else:
                    ename = str(e.info['legend'])

            if not isinstance(e, vtk.vtkActor):
                ename = ''
            if ename:
                n+=1
            texts.append(ename)
        self.SetNumberOfEntries(n)

        if not n:
            return

        self.ScalarVisibilityOff()
        self.PickableOff()
        self.SetPadding(pad)

        self.property = self.GetEntryTextProperty()
        self.property.ShadowOff()
        self.property.BoldOff()

        # self.property.SetJustificationToLeft() # no effect
        # self.property.SetVerticalJustificationToTop()

        self.font(font)

        n = 0
        for i in range(len(self.entries)):
            ti = texts[i]
            if not ti:
                continue
            e = entries[i]
            if c is None:
                col = e.GetProperty().GetColor()
                if col == (1, 1, 1):
                    col = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
            else:
                col = getColor(c)
            if markers is None: # default
                poly = e.inputdata()
            else:
                marker = markers[i] if utils.isSequence(markers) else markers
                if isinstance(marker, vedo.Points):
                    poly = marker.clone(deep=False).normalize().shift(0,1,0).polydata()
                else: # assume string marker
                    poly = vedo.shapes.Marker(marker, s=1).shift(0,1,0).polydata()

            self.SetEntry(n, poly, ti, col)
            n += 1

        self.SetWidth(width)
        if height is None:
            self.SetHeight(width / 3.0 * n)
        else:
            self.SetHeight(height)

        sx, sy = 1 - self.GetWidth(), 1 - self.GetHeight()
        if   pos == 1 or ("top" in pos and "left" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(0, sy)
        elif pos == 2 or ("top" in pos and "right" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(sx, sy)
        elif pos == 3 or ("bottom" in pos and "left" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(0, 0)
        elif pos == 4 or ("bottom" in pos and "right" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(sx, 0)
        if alpha:
            self.UseBackgroundOn()
            self.SetBackgroundColor(getColor(bg))
            self.SetBackgroundOpacity(alpha)
        else:
            self.UseBackgroundOff()
        self.LockBorderOn()


class Button:
    """
    Build a Button object to be shown in the rendering window.

    |buttons| |buttons.py|_
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 fnc,
                 states,
                 c,
                 bc,
                 pos,
                 size,
                 font,
                 bold,
                 italic,
                 alpha,
                 angle,
        ):
        self.statusIdx = 0
        self.states = states
        self.colors = c
        self.bcolors = bc
        self.function = fnc
        self.actor = vtk.vtkTextActor()

        self.actor.GetActualPositionCoordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedViewport()
        self.actor.SetPosition(pos[0], pos[1])

        self.framewidth = 2
        self.offset = 5
        self.spacer = " "

        self.textproperty = self.actor.GetTextProperty()
        self.textproperty.SetJustificationToCentered()
        if font.lower() == "courier":
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamilyToCourier()
        elif font.lower() == "times":
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamilyToTimes()
        elif font.lower() == "arial":
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamilyToArial()
        else:
            if not font:
                font = settings.defaultFont
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
            self.textproperty.SetFontFile(utils.getFontPath(font))
        self.textproperty.SetFontSize(size)
        self.textproperty.SetBackgroundOpacity(alpha)
        self.textproperty.BoldOff()
        if bold:
            self.textproperty.BoldOn()
        self.textproperty.ItalicOff()
        if italic:
            self.textproperty.ItalicOn()
        self.textproperty.ShadowOff()
        self.textproperty.SetOrientation(angle)
        self.showframe = hasattr(self.textproperty, "FrameOn")
        self.status(0)

    def status(self, s=None):
        """
        Set/Get the status of the button.
        """
        if s is None:
            return self.states[self.statusIdx]

        if isinstance(s, str):
            s = self.states.index(s)
        self.statusIdx = s
        self.textproperty.SetLineOffset(self.offset)
        self.actor.SetInput(self.spacer + self.states[s] + self.spacer)
        s = s % len(self.colors)  # to avoid mismatch
        self.textproperty.SetColor(getColor(self.colors[s]))
        bcc = np.array(getColor(self.bcolors[s]))
        self.textproperty.SetBackgroundColor(bcc)
        if self.showframe:
            self.textproperty.FrameOn()
            self.textproperty.SetFrameWidth(self.framewidth)
            self.textproperty.SetFrameColor(np.sqrt(bcc))
        return self

    def switch(self):
        """
        Change/cycle button status to the next defined status in states list.
        """
        self.statusIdx = (self.statusIdx + 1) % len(self.states)
        self.status(self.statusIdx)
        return self


#####################################################################
class SplineTool(vtk.vtkContourWidget):

    def __init__(self, points, pc='k', ps=8, lc='r4', ac='g5', lw=2, closed=False, ontop=True):
        """
        Spline tool, to be used with ``plotter.addSplineTool()``.

        Parameters
        ----------
        points : list, Points
            initial set of points.
        pc : str, optional
            point color. The default is 'k'.
        ps : int, optional
            point size. The default is 8.
        lc : str, optional
            line color. The default is 'r4'.
        ac : str, optional
            active point color. The default is 'g5'.
        lw : int, optional
            line width. The default is 2.
        closed : bool, optional
            spline is closed or open. The default is False.
        ontop : bool, optional
            show it always on top of other objects. The default is True.
        """
        vtk.vtkContourWidget.__init__(self)

        self.representation = vtk.vtkOrientedGlyphContourRepresentation()
        self.representation.SetAlwaysOnTop(ontop)

        self.representation.GetLinesProperty().SetColor(getColor(lc))
        self.representation.GetLinesProperty().SetLineWidth(lw)

        self.representation.GetProperty().SetColor(getColor(pc))
        self.representation.GetProperty().SetPointSize(ps)
        self.representation.GetProperty().RenderPointsAsSpheresOn()

        self.representation.GetActiveProperty().SetColor(getColor(ac))
        self.representation.GetActiveProperty().SetLineWidth(lw+1)

        self.SetRepresentation(self.representation)

        if utils.isSequence(points):
            self.points = Points(points)
        else:
            self.points = points

        self.closed = closed

    def add(self, pt):
        """Add one point at a specified position in space if 3D, or 2D screen-display position if 2D."""
        if len(pt)==2:
            self.representation.AddNodeAtDisplayPosition(int(pt[0]), int(pt[1]))
        else:
            self.representation.AddNodeAtWorldPosition(pt)
        return self

    def remove(self, i):
        self.representation.DeleteNthNode(i)
        return self

    def on(self):
        self.On()
        self.Render()
        return self

    def off(self):
        self.Off()
        self.Render()
        return self

    def render(self):
        self.Render()
        return self

    def bounds(self):
        return self.GetBounds()

    def spline(self):
        self.representation.SetClosedLoop(self.closed)
        self.representation.BuildRepresentation()
        pd = self.representation.GetContourRepresentationAsPolyData()
        pts = utils.vtk2numpy(pd.GetPoints().GetData())
        ln = vedo.Line(pts, lw=2, c='k')
        return ln

    def nodes(self, onscreen=False):
        """Return the current position in space (or on 2D screen-display) of the spline nodes."""
        n = self.representation.GetNumberOfNodes()
        pts = []
        for i in range(n):
            p = [0.,0.,0.]
            if onscreen:
                self.representation.GetNthNodeDisplayPosition(i, p)
            else:
                self.representation.GetNthNodeWorldPosition(i, p)
            pts.append(p)
        return np.array(pts)


#####################################################################

def Goniometer(
        p1,p2,p3,
        font="",
        arcSize=0.4,
        fill=0.1,
        s=1,
        italic=0,
        rotation=0,
        prefix="",
        c=(0.2, 0, 0),
        alpha=1,
        lw=1,
        precision=3,
    ):
    """
    Build a graphical goniometer to measure the angle formed by 3 points in space.

    Parameters
    ----------
    p1 : list
        first point.
    p2 : list
        the vertex point.
    p3 : list
        the last point defining the angle.
    font : str, optional
        Font name to be used. The default is "".
    arcSize : float, optional
        dimension of the arc wrt the smallest axis. The default is 0.4.
    fill : bool, optional
        fill the arc area. The default is 0.1.
    s : float, optional
        size of the text. The default is 1.
    italic : float, bool, optional
        italic text. The default is 0.
    rotation : float, optional
        rotation of text in degrees. The default is 0.
    prefix : str, optional
        append this string to the numeric value of the angle. The default is "".
    c : list, optional
        color of the goniometer. The default is (0.2, 0, 0).
    alpha : float, optional
        transparency level. The default is 1.
    lw : float, optional
        line width. The default is 1.
    precision : int, optional
        number of significant digits. The default is 3.

    |goniometer| |goniometer.py|_
    """
    if isinstance(p1, Points): p1 = p1.GetPosition()
    if isinstance(p2, Points): p2 = p2.GetPosition()
    if isinstance(p3, Points): p3 = p3.GetPosition()
    if len(p1)==2: p1=[p1[0], p1[1], 0.0]
    if len(p2)==2: p2=[p2[0], p2[1], 0.0]
    if len(p3)==2: p3=[p3[0], p3[1], 0.0]
    p1, p2, p3 = np.array(p1), np.array(p2), np.array(p3)

    acts=[]
    ln = shapes.Line([p1,p2,p3], lw=lw, c=c).alpha(alpha).lighting('off')
    acts.append(ln)

    va = utils.versor(p1-p2)
    vb = utils.versor(p3-p2)
    r = min(utils.mag(p3-p2), utils.mag(p1-p2))*arcSize
    ptsarc = []
    res = 120
    imed = int(res/2)
    for i in range(res+1):
        vi = utils.versor(vb*i/res + va*(res-i)/res)
        if i==imed: vc = np.array(vi)
        ptsarc.append(p2+vi*r)
    arc = shapes.Line(ptsarc).lw(lw).c(c).alpha(alpha).lighting('off')
    acts.append(arc)

    angle = np.arccos(np.dot(va,vb))*180/np.pi

    lb = shapes.Text3D(prefix+utils.precision(angle,precision)+'º', s=r/12*s,
                       font=font, italic=italic, justify="center")
    cr = np.cross(va,vb)
    lb.pos(p2+vc*r/1.75).orientation(cr*np.sign(cr[2]), rotation=rotation)
    lb.c(c).alpha(alpha).bc('tomato').lighting('off')
    acts.append(lb)

    if fill:
        pts = [p2] + arc.points().tolist() + [p2]
        msh = Mesh([pts, [list(range(arc.N()+2))]], c=c, alpha=fill).triangulate()
        msh.shift(0,0,r/10000) # to resolve 2d conflicts..
        acts.append(msh)

    asse = Assembly(acts)
    return asse

def Light(pos,
          focalPoint=(0, 0, 0),
          angle=180,
          c=None,
          intensity=1,
          removeOthers=False,
    ):
    """
    Generate a source of light placed at pos, directed to focal point.
    Returns a ``vtkLight`` object.

    :param focalPoint: focal point, if this is a vedo object use its position.
    :param angle: aperture angle of the light source
    :param c: set the light color
    :param float intensity: intensity value between 0 and 1.
    :param bool removeOthers: remove all other lights in the scene
        (in this case a Plotter object must already exist)

    .. hint:: |lights.py|_
    """
    if hasattr(pos, "color") and c is None:
        c = pos.color()
    if c is None:
        c = 'white'

    if isinstance(pos, vedo.Base3DProp):
        pos = pos.pos()

    if isinstance(focalPoint, vedo.Base3DProp):
        focalPoint = focalPoint.pos()

    light = vtk.vtkLight()
    light.SetLightTypeToSceneLight()
    light.SetPosition(pos)
    light.SetConeAngle(angle)
    light.SetFocalPoint(focalPoint)
    light.SetIntensity(intensity)
    light.SetColor(getColor(c))

    # light.SetPositional(1) ##??
    # if ambientColor is not None: # doesnt work anyway
    #     light.SetAmbientColor(getColor(ambientColor))
    # if diffuseColor is not None:
    #     light.SetDiffuseColor(getColor(diffuseColor))
    # if specularColor is not None:
    #     light.SetSpecularColor(getColor(specularColor))

    if removeOthers:
        if vedo.plotter_instance and vedo.plotter_instance.renderer:
            vedo.plotter_instance.renderer.RemoveAllLights()
        else:
            vedo.logger.error("in Light(removeOthers=True): scene does not exist.")

    return light


#####################################################################
def ScalarBar(obj,
              title="",
              pos=(0.8,0.05),
              titleYOffset=15,
              titleFontSize=12,
              size=(None,None),
              nlabels=None,
              c='k',
              horizontal=False,
              useAlpha=True,
              tformat='%-#6.3g',
    ):
    """A 2D scalar bar for the specified obj.

        :param list pos: fractional x and y position in the 2D window
        :param list size: size of the scalarbar in pixel units (width, heigth)
        :param int nlabels: number of numeric labels to be shown
        :param bool useAlpha: retain trasparency in scalarbar
        :param bool horizontal: show in horizontal layout

    .. hint:: |mesh_coloring| |mesh_coloring.py|_ |scalarbars.py|_
    """
    if not hasattr(obj, "mapper"):
        vedo.logger.error(f"in addScalarBar(): input is invalid {type(obj)}. Skip.")
        return None

    if isinstance(obj, Points):
        vtkscalars = obj._data.GetPointData().GetScalars()
        if vtkscalars is None:
            vtkscalars = obj._data.GetCellData().GetScalars()
        if not vtkscalars:
            return None
        lut = vtkscalars.GetLookupTable()
        if not lut:
            lut = obj._mapper.GetLookupTable()
            if not lut:
                return None

    elif isinstance(obj, (Volume, TetMesh)):
        lut = utils.ctf2lut(obj)

    else:
        return None

    c = getColor(c)
    sb = vtk.vtkScalarBarActor()
    #print(sb.GetLabelFormat())
    sb.SetLabelFormat(tformat)
    sb.SetLookupTable(lut)
    sb.SetUseOpacity(useAlpha)
    sb.SetDrawFrame(0)
    sb.SetDrawBackground(0)
    if lut.GetUseBelowRangeColor():
        sb.DrawBelowRangeSwatchOn()
        sb.SetBelowRangeAnnotation('')
    if lut.GetUseAboveRangeColor():
        sb.DrawAboveRangeSwatchOn()
        sb.SetAboveRangeAnnotation('')
    if lut.GetNanColor() != (0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0):
        sb.DrawNanAnnotationOn()
        sb.SetNanAnnotation('nan')

    if title:
        if "\\" in repr(title):
            for r in shapes._reps:
                title = title.replace(r[0], r[1])
        titprop = sb.GetTitleTextProperty()
        titprop.BoldOn()
        titprop.ItalicOff()
        titprop.ShadowOff()
        titprop.SetColor(c)
        titprop.SetVerticalJustificationToTop()
        titprop.SetFontSize(titleFontSize)
        titprop.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        titprop.SetFontFile(utils.getFontPath(settings.defaultFont))
        sb.SetTitle(title)
        sb.SetVerticalTitleSeparation(titleYOffset)
        sb.SetTitleTextProperty(titprop)

    sb.UnconstrainedFontSizeOn()
    sb.DrawAnnotationsOn()
    sb.DrawTickLabelsOn()
    sb.SetMaximumNumberOfColors(256)

    if horizontal:
        sb.SetOrientationToHorizontal()
        sb.SetNumberOfLabels(3)
        sb.SetTextPositionToSucceedScalarBar()
        sb.SetPosition(pos)
        sb.SetMaximumWidthInPixels(1000)
        sb.SetMaximumHeightInPixels(50)
    else:
        sb.SetNumberOfLabels(7)
        sb.SetTextPositionToPrecedeScalarBar()
        sb.SetPosition(pos[0]+0.09, pos[1])
        sb.SetMaximumWidthInPixels(60)
        sb.SetMaximumHeightInPixels(250)

    if size[0] is not None: sb.SetMaximumWidthInPixels(size[0])
    if size[1] is not None: sb.SetMaximumHeightInPixels(size[1])

    if nlabels is not None:
        sb.SetNumberOfLabels(nlabels)

    sctxt = sb.GetLabelTextProperty()
    sctxt.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
    sctxt.SetFontFile(utils.getFontPath(settings.defaultFont))
    sctxt.SetColor(c)
    sctxt.SetShadow(0)
    sctxt.SetFontSize(titleFontSize-2)
    sb.SetAnnotationTextProperty(sctxt)
    sb.PickableOff()
    return sb

#####################################################################
def ScalarBar3D(
        obj,
        title='',
        pos=None,
        sx=None,
        sy=None,
        titleFont="",
        titleXOffset=-1.5,
        titleYOffset=0.0,
        titleSize=1.5,
        titleRotation=0.0,
        nlabels=9,
        labelFont="",
        labelSize=1,
        labelOffset=0.375,
        labelRotation=0,
        italic=0,
        c=None,
        useAlpha=True,
        drawBox=True,
        aboveText=None,
        belowText=None,
        nanText='NaN',
        categories=None,
    ):
    """
    Create a 3D scalar bar for the specified object.

    ``obj`` input can be:
        - a list of numbers,
        - a list of two numbers in the form `(min, max)`,
        - a ``Mesh`` already containing a set of scalars associated to vertices or cells,
        - if ``None`` the last object in the list of actors will be used.

    :param float sx: thickness of scalarbar
    :param float sy: length of scalarbar
    :param str title: scalar bar title
    :param float titleXOffset: horizontal space btw title and color scalarbar
    :param float titleYOffset: vertical space offset
    :param float titleSize: size of title wrt numeric labels
    :param float titleRotation: title rotation in degrees
    :param int nlabels: number of numeric labels
    :param str labelFont: font type for labels
    :param float labelSize: label scale factor
    :param float labelOffset: space btw numeric labels and scale
    :param float labelRotation: label rotation in degrees
    :param bool useAlpha: render transparency of the color bar, otherwise ignore
    :param bool drawBox: draw a box around the colorbar (useful with useAlpha=True)
    :param list categories: make a categorical scalarbar:
        the input list will have the format [value, color, alpha, textlabel]

    .. hint:: |scalarbars| |scalarbars.py|_
    """

    if isinstance(obj, Points):
        lut = obj.mapper().GetLookupTable()
        if not lut or lut.GetTable().GetNumberOfTuples() == 0:
            # create the most similar to the default
            obj.cmap('jet_r')
            # todo: grab the auto created default LUT (but where is it?)
            #       cells or points?
            lut = obj.mapper().GetLookupTable()
        vmin, vmax = lut.GetRange()

    elif isinstance(obj, (Volume, TetMesh)):
        lut = utils.ctf2lut(obj)
        vmin, vmax = lut.GetRange()

    elif utils.isSequence(obj):
        vmin, vmax = np.min(obj), np.max(obj)

    else:
        vedo.logger.error("in ScalarBar3D(): input must be a vedo object with bounds.")
        return obj


    bns = obj.GetBounds()
    if sy is None:
        sy = (bns[3]-bns[2])
    if sx is None:
        sx = sy/18


    if categories is not None: ################################
        ncats = len(categories)
        scale = shapes.Grid([-sx * labelOffset, 0, 0], c=c, alpha=1,
                            sx=sx, sy=sy, resx=1, resy=ncats)
        cols, alphas= [], []
        ticks_pos, ticks_txt = [0.0], ['']
        for i, cat in enumerate(categories):
            cl = getColor(cat[1])
            cols.append(cl)
            if len(cat)>2:
                alphas.append(cat[2])
            else:
                alphas.append(1)
            if len(cat)>3:
                ticks_txt.append(cat[3])
            else:
                ticks_txt.append("")
            ticks_pos.append((i+0.5)/ncats)
        ticks_pos.append(1.0)
        ticks_txt.append('')
        rgba = np.c_[np.array(cols)*255, np.array(alphas)*255]
        scale.cellIndividualColors(rgba)

    else: ########################################################

        # build the color scale part
        scale = shapes.Grid([-sx * labelOffset, 0, 0], c=c, alpha=1, sx=sx, sy=sy,
                            resx=1, resy=lut.GetTable().GetNumberOfTuples())
        cscals = np.linspace(vmin, vmax, lut.GetTable().GetNumberOfTuples())
        scale.cmap(lut, cscals, on='cells')
        ticks_pos, ticks_txt = utils.makeTicks(vmin, vmax, nlabels)

    scale.lw(0).wireframe(False).lighting('off')

    scales = [scale]

    xbns = scale.xbounds()
    if pos is None:
        d = sx/2
        if title:
            d = np.sqrt((bns[1]-bns[0])**2+sy*sy)/20
        pos = (bns[1]-xbns[0]+d, (bns[2]+bns[3])/2, bns[4])

    lsize = sy/60*labelSize

    tacts = []
    for i, p in enumerate(ticks_pos):
        tx = ticks_txt[i]
        if i and tx:
            # build numeric text
            y = (p - 0.5) *sy
            if labelRotation:
                a = shapes.Text3D(tx, pos=[sx*labelOffset, y, 0], s=lsize,
                                  justify='center-top', c=c, italic=italic, font=labelFont)
                a.RotateZ(labelRotation)
            else:
                a = shapes.Text3D(tx, pos=[sx*labelOffset, y, 0], s=lsize,
                                  justify='center-left', c=c, italic=italic, font=labelFont)

            tacts.append(a)

            # build ticks
            tic = shapes.Line([xbns[1], y, 0], [xbns[1]+sx*labelOffset/4, y, 0], lw=2, c=c)
            tacts.append(tic)

    # build title
    if title:
        t = shapes.Text3D(title, (0,0,0), s=sy/50*titleSize,
                          c=c, justify='centered', italic=italic, font=titleFont)
        t.RotateZ(90+titleRotation)
        t.pos(sx*titleXOffset, titleYOffset, 0)
        tacts.append(t)

    # build below scale
    if lut.GetUseBelowRangeColor():
        r,g,b,alfa = lut.GetBelowRangeColor()
        brect = shapes.Rectangle([-sx *labelOffset -sx/2, -sy/2-sx-sx*0.1, 0],
                                 [-sx *labelOffset +sx/2, -sy/2   -sx*0.1, 0],
                                 c=(r,g,b), alpha=alfa)
        brect.lw(1).lc(c).lighting('off')
        scales += [brect]
        if belowText is None:
           belowText = ' <'+str(vmin)
        if belowText:
            if labelRotation:
                btx = shapes.Text3D(belowText, (0,0,0), s=lsize,
                                    c=c, justify='center-top', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
                btx.RotateZ(labelRotation)
            else:
                btx = shapes.Text3D(belowText, (0,0,0), s=lsize,
                                    c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)

            btx.pos(sx*labelOffset, -sy/2-sx*0.66, 0)
            tacts.append(btx)

    # build above scale
    if lut.GetUseAboveRangeColor():
        r,g,b,alfa = lut.GetAboveRangeColor()
        arect = shapes.Rectangle([-sx *labelOffset -sx/2, sy/2   +sx*0.1, 0],
                                 [-sx *labelOffset +sx/2, sy/2+sx+sx*0.1, 0],
                                 c=(r,g,b), alpha=alfa)
        arect.lw(1).lc(c).lighting('off')
        scales += [arect]
        if aboveText is None:
            aboveText = ' >'+str(vmax)
        if aboveText:
            if labelRotation:
                atx = shapes.Text3D(aboveText, (0,0,0), s=lsize,
                                    c=c, justify='center-top', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
                atx.RotateZ(labelRotation)
            else:
                atx = shapes.Text3D(aboveText, (0,0,0), s=lsize,
                                    c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)

            atx.pos(sx*labelOffset, sy/2+sx*0.66, 0)
            tacts.append(atx)

    # build NaN scale
    if lut.GetNanColor() != (0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0):
        nanshift = sx*0.1
        if brect:
            nanshift += sx
        r,g,b,alfa = lut.GetNanColor()
        nanrect = shapes.Rectangle([-sx *labelOffset -sx/2, -sy/2-sx-sx*0.1-nanshift, 0],
                                   [-sx *labelOffset +sx/2, -sy/2   -sx*0.1-nanshift, 0],
                                   c=(r,g,b), alpha=alfa)
        nanrect.lw(1).lc(c).lighting('off')
        scales += [nanrect]
        if labelRotation:
            nantx = shapes.Text3D(nanText, (0,0,0), s=lsize,
                                  c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
            nantx.RotateZ(labelRotation)
        else:
            nantx = shapes.Text3D(nanText, (0,0,0), s=lsize,
                                  c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
        nantx.pos(sx*labelOffset, -sy/2-sx*0.66-nanshift, 0)
        tacts.append(nantx)

    if drawBox:
        tacts.append(scale.box().lw(1))

    for a in tacts: a.PickableOff()

    mtacts = merge(tacts).lighting('off')
    mtacts.PickableOff()
    scale.PickableOff()

    sact = Assembly(scales + tacts)
    sact.SetPosition(pos)
    sact.PickableOff()
    sact.UseBoundsOff()
    sact.name = 'ScalarBar3D'
    return sact



#####################################################################
def addSlider2D(sliderfunc, xmin, xmax, value=None, pos=4,
                title='', font='', titleSize=1, c=None, showValue=True, delayed=False,
                **options):
    """
    Add a slider widget which can call an external custom function.

    Set any value as float to increase the number of significant digits above the slider.

    :param sliderfunc: external function to be called by the widget
    :param float xmin:  lower value
    :param float xmax:  upper value
    :param float value: current value
    :param list pos: position corner number: horizontal [1-5] or vertical [11-15]
          it can also be specified by corners coordinates [(x1,y1), (x2,y2)]
    :param str title: title text
    :param str font: title font
    :param float titleSize: title text scale [1.0]
    :param bool showValue: if true current value is shown
    :param bool delayed: if True the callback is delayed to when the mouse is released

    :param float alpha: opacity of the scalar bar texts
    :param float sliderLength: slider length
    :param float sliderWidth: slider width
    :param float endCapLength: length of the end cap
    :param float endCapWidth: width of the end cap
    :param float tubeWidth: width of the tube
    :param float titleHeight: width of the title
    :param float tformat: format of the title

    |sliders1| |sliders1.py|_ |sliders2.py|_
    """
    options = dict(options)
    value = options.pop("value", value)
    pos = options.pop("pos", pos)
    title = options.pop("title", title)
    font = options.pop("font", font)
    titleSize = options.pop("titleSize", titleSize)
    c = options.pop("c", c)
    showValue = options.pop("showValue", showValue)
    delayed = options.pop("delayed", delayed)
    alpha = options.pop("alpha", 1)
    sliderLength = options.pop("sliderLength", 0.015)
    sliderWidth  = options.pop("sliderWidth", 0.025)
    endCapLength = options.pop("endCapLength", 0.0015)
    endCapWidth  = options.pop("endCapWidth", 0.0125)
    tubeWidth    = options.pop("tubeWidth", 0.0075)
    titleHeight  = options.pop("titleHeight", 0.022)

    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
        if np.sum(getColor(plt.backgrcol)) > 1.5:
            c = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    c = getColor(c)

    if value is None or value < xmin:
        value = xmin

    sliderRep = vtk.vtkSliderRepresentation2D()
    sliderRep.SetMinimumValue(xmin)
    sliderRep.SetMaximumValue(xmax)
    sliderRep.SetValue(value)
    sliderRep.SetSliderLength(sliderLength)
    sliderRep.SetSliderWidth(sliderWidth)
    sliderRep.SetEndCapLength(endCapLength)
    sliderRep.SetEndCapWidth(endCapWidth)
    sliderRep.SetTubeWidth(tubeWidth)
    sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedDisplay()
    sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedDisplay()

    if isinstance(pos, str):
        if "top" in pos:
            if "left" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    pos=11
                else:
                    pos=1
            elif "right" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    pos=12
                else:
                    pos=2
        elif "bott" in pos:
            if "left" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    pos=13
                else:
                    pos=3
            elif "right" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    if "span" in pos:
                        pos=15
                    else:
                        pos=14
                else:
                    pos=4
            elif "span":
                pos=5

    if utils.isSequence(pos):
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(pos[0][0], pos[0][1])
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(pos[1][0], pos[1][1])
    elif pos == 1:  # top-left horizontal
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.04, 0.93)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.45, 0.93)
    elif pos == 2:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.55, 0.93)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.93)
    elif pos == 3:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.05, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.45, 0.06)
    elif pos == 4:  # bottom-right
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.55, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.06)
    elif pos == 5:  # bottom span horizontal
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.04, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.06)
    elif pos == 11:  # top-left vertical
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.54)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.9)
    elif pos == 12:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.54)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.9)
    elif pos == 13:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.1)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.54)
    elif pos == 14:  # bottom-right vertical
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.1)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.54)
    elif pos == 15:  # right margin vertical
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.1)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.9)
    else: # bottom-right
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.55, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.06)

    if showValue:
        if isinstance(xmin, int) and isinstance(xmax, int) and isinstance(value, int):
            frm = "%0.0f"
        else:
            frm = "%0.2f"

        frm = options.pop("tformat", frm)

        sliderRep.SetLabelFormat(frm)  # default is '%0.3g'
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetShadow(0)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetBold(0)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetOpacity(alpha)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetColor(c)
        if isinstance(pos, int) and pos > 10:
            sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetOrientation(90)
    else:
        sliderRep.ShowSliderLabelOff()
    sliderRep.GetTubeProperty().SetColor(c)
    sliderRep.GetTubeProperty().SetOpacity(0.6)
    sliderRep.GetSliderProperty().SetColor(c)
    sliderRep.GetSelectedProperty().SetColor(np.sqrt(np.array(c)))
    sliderRep.GetCapProperty().SetColor(c)

    sliderRep.SetTitleHeight(titleHeight * titleSize)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetShadow(0)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetColor(c)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetOpacity(alpha)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetBold(0)
    if font.lower() == 'courier':
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamilyToCourier()
    elif font.lower() == "times":
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamilyToTimes()
    elif font.lower() == "arial":
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamilyToArial()
    else:
        if font =='':
            font = utils.getFontPath(settings.defaultFont)
        else:
            font = utils.getFontPath(font)
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFile(font)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetFontFile(font)

    if title:
        sliderRep.SetTitleText(title)
        if not utils.isSequence(pos):
            if isinstance(pos, int) and pos > 10:
                sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetOrientation(90)
        else:
            if abs(pos[0][0] - pos[1][0]) < 0.1:
                sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetOrientation(90)

    sliderWidget = vtk.vtkSliderWidget()
    sliderWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    sliderWidget.SetAnimationModeToJump()
    sliderWidget.SetRepresentation(sliderRep)
    if delayed:
        sliderWidget.AddObserver("EndInteractionEvent", sliderfunc)
    else:
        sliderWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", sliderfunc)
    if plt.renderer:
        sliderWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    sliderWidget.EnabledOn()
    plt.sliders.append([sliderWidget, sliderfunc])
    return sliderWidget

#####################################################################
def addSlider3D(
    sliderfunc,
    pos1,
    pos2,
    xmin,
    xmax,
    value=None,
    s=0.03,
    t=1,
    title="",
    rotation=0,
    c=None,
    showValue=True,
):
    """Add a 3D slider widget which can call an external custom function.

    :param sliderfunc: external function to be called by the widget
    :param list pos1: first position coordinates
    :param list pos2: second position coordinates
    :param float xmin:  lower value
    :param float xmax:  upper value
    :param float value: initial value
    :param float s: label scaling factor
    :param float t: tube scaling factor
    :param str title: title text
    :param c: slider color
    :param float rotation: title rotation around slider axis
    :param bool showValue: if True current value is shown

    |sliders3d| |sliders3d.py|_
    """
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
        if np.sum(getColor(plt.backgrcol)) > 1.5:
            c = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    else:
        c = getColor(c)

    if value is None or value < xmin:
        value = xmin

    sliderRep = vtk.vtkSliderRepresentation3D()
    sliderRep.SetMinimumValue(xmin)
    sliderRep.SetMaximumValue(xmax)
    sliderRep.SetValue(value)

    sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToWorld()
    sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToWorld()
    sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(pos2)
    sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(pos1)

    # sliderRep.SetPoint1InWorldCoordinates(pos2[0], pos2[1], pos2[2])
    # sliderRep.SetPoint2InWorldCoordinates(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos1[2])

    sliderRep.SetSliderWidth(0.03 * t)
    sliderRep.SetTubeWidth(0.01 * t)
    sliderRep.SetSliderLength(0.04 * t)
    sliderRep.SetSliderShapeToCylinder()
    sliderRep.GetSelectedProperty().SetColor(np.sqrt(np.array(c)))
    sliderRep.GetSliderProperty().SetColor(np.array(c) / 1.5)
    sliderRep.GetCapProperty().SetOpacity(0)
    sliderRep.SetRotation(rotation)

    if not showValue:
        sliderRep.ShowSliderLabelOff()

    sliderRep.SetTitleText(title)
    sliderRep.SetTitleHeight(s * t)
    sliderRep.SetLabelHeight(s * t * 0.85)

    sliderRep.GetTubeProperty().SetColor(c)

    sliderWidget = vtk.vtkSliderWidget()
    sliderWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    sliderWidget.SetRepresentation(sliderRep)
    sliderWidget.SetAnimationModeToJump()
    sliderWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", sliderfunc)
    sliderWidget.EnabledOn()
    plt.sliders.append([sliderWidget, sliderfunc])
    return sliderWidget

#####################################################################
def addButton(
    fnc,
    states=("On", "Off"),
    c=("w", "w"),
    bc=("dg", "dr"),
    pos=(0.7, 0.05),
    size=24,
    font="Normografo",
    bold=False,
    italic=False,
    alpha=1,
    angle=0,
):
    """Add a button to the renderer window.

    :param list states: a list of possible states ['On', 'Off']
    :param c:      a list of colors for each state
    :param bc:     a list of background colors for each state
    :param pos:    2D position in pixels from left-bottom corner
    :param size:   size of button font
    :param str font:   font type (arial, courier, times)
    :param bool bold:   bold face (False)
    :param bool italic: italic face (False)
    :param float alpha:  opacity level
    :param float angle:  anticlockwise rotation in degrees

    |buttons| |buttons.py|_
    """
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    if not plt.renderer:
        vedo.logger.error("Use addButton() only after rendering the scene.")
        return None
    bu = Button(fnc, states, c, bc, pos, size, font, bold, italic, alpha, angle)
    plt.renderer.AddActor2D(bu.actor)
    plt.window.Render()
    plt.buttons.append(bu)
    return bu


def addCutterTool(obj=None, mode="box", invert=False):
    """Create an interactive tool to cut away parts of a mesh or volume.

        :param str mode: either "box", "plane" or "sphere"
        :param bool invert: invert selection (inside-out)

        |cutter| |cutter.py|_
    """
    if obj is None:
        obj = vedo.plotter_instance.actors[0]
    try:
        if isinstance(obj, vedo.Volume):
            return _addCutterToolVolumeWithBox(obj, invert)
        else:
            if mode=='box':
                return _addCutterToolMeshWithBox(obj, invert)
            elif mode=='plane':
                return _addCutterToolMeshWithPlane(obj, invert)
            elif mode=='sphere':
                return _addCutterToolMeshWithSphere(obj, invert)
            else:
                raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown mode: {mode}")
    except:
        return None

def _addCutterToolMeshWithSphere(mesh, invert):
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance

    sph = vtk.vtkSphere()
    cm = mesh.centerOfMass()
    sph.SetCenter(cm)
    aves = mesh.averageSize()
    sph.SetRadius(aves)
    clipper = vtk.vtkClipPolyData()
    clipper.SetInputData(mesh.polydata())
    clipper.SetClipFunction(sph)
    clipper.GenerateClippedOutputOn()
    clipper.GenerateClipScalarsOff()
    clipper.SetInsideOut(not invert)
    clipper.Update()
    mesh.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetOutputPort())

    act0 = Mesh(clipper.GetOutput(), alpha=mesh.alpha()) # the main cut part
    act0.mapper().SetLookupTable(mesh.mapper().GetLookupTable())
    act0.mapper().SetScalarRange(mesh.mapper().GetScalarRange())

    act1 = Mesh()
    act1.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetClippedOutputPort()) # needs OutputPort
    act1.color((0.5,0.5,0.5), 0.04).wireframe()

    plt.remove(mesh, render=False)
    plt.add([act0, act1])

    def myCallback(obj, event):
        obj.GetSphere(sph)

    sphereWidget = vtk.vtkSphereWidget()
    sphereWidget.SetThetaResolution(120)
    sphereWidget.SetPhiResolution(60)
    sphereWidget.SetRadius(aves)
    sphereWidget.SetCenter(cm)
    sphereWidget.SetRepresentation(2)
    sphereWidget.HandleVisibilityOff()
    sphereWidget.GetSphereProperty().SetOpacity(0.2)
    sphereWidget.GetSelectedSphereProperty().SetOpacity(0.1)
    sphereWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    sphereWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    sphereWidget.SetInputData(mesh.inputdata())
    sphereWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", myCallback)
    plt.interactor.Render()
    sphereWidget.On()
    plt.widgets.append(sphereWidget)

    plt.cutterWidget = sphereWidget
    plt.clickedActor = act0
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        ia = plt.actors.index(mesh)
        plt.actors[ia] = act0

    printc("Mesh Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut away parts of the mesh", c="m")
    printc("  Press X to save file to: clipped.vtk", c="m")
    printc("  [Press space bar to continue]", c="m")
    plt.interactor.Start()
    sphereWidget.Off()
    plt.interactor.Start() # allow extra interaction
    return act0

def _addCutterToolMeshWithBox(mesh, invert):
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    if not plt:
        vedo.logger.error("in addCutterTool() scene must be first rendered.")
        raise RuntimeError()

    plt.clickedActor = mesh
    apd = mesh.polydata()

    planes = vtk.vtkPlanes()
    planes.SetBounds(apd.GetBounds())

    clipper = vtk.vtkClipPolyData()
    clipper.GenerateClipScalarsOff()
    clipper.SetInputData(apd)
    clipper.SetClipFunction(planes)
    clipper.SetInsideOut(not invert)
    clipper.GenerateClippedOutputOn()
    clipper.Update()
    cpoly = clipper.GetOutput()

    act0 = Mesh(cpoly, alpha=mesh.alpha()) # the main cut part
    act0.mapper().SetLookupTable(mesh.mapper().GetLookupTable())
    act0.mapper().SetScalarRange(mesh.mapper().GetScalarRange())

    act1 = Mesh()
    act1.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetClippedOutputPort()) # needs OutputPort
    act1.alpha(0.04).color((0.5,0.5,0.5)).wireframe()

    plt.remove(mesh, render=False)
    plt.add([act0, act1])

    def selectPolygons(vobj, event):
        vobj.GetPlanes(planes)

    boxWidget = vtk.vtkBoxWidget()
    boxWidget.OutlineCursorWiresOn()
    boxWidget.GetSelectedOutlineProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 1)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetColor(0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetOpacity(0.8)
    boxWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.025)
    boxWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    boxWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    boxWidget.SetInputData(apd)
    boxWidget.PlaceWidget()
    boxWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", selectPolygons)
    boxWidget.On()
    plt.widgets.append(boxWidget)

    plt.cutterWidget = boxWidget
    plt.clickedActor = act0
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        ia = plt.actors.index(mesh)
        plt.actors[ia] = act0

    printc("Mesh Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut away parts of the mesh", c="m")
    printc("  Press X to save file to: clipped.vtk", c="m")
    printc("  [Press space bar to continue]", c="m")
    plt.interactor.Start()
    boxWidget.Off()
    plt.interactor.Start() # allow extra interaction
    return act0

def _addCutterToolMeshWithPlane(mesh, invert):
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance

    plane = vtk.vtkPlane()
    plane.SetNormal(mesh.centerOfMass())
    clipper = vtk.vtkClipPolyData()
    clipper.SetInputData(mesh.polydata())
    clipper.SetClipFunction(plane)
    clipper.GenerateClipScalarsOff()
    clipper.GenerateClippedOutputOn()
    clipper.SetInsideOut(invert)
    clipper.Update()
    mesh.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetOutputPort())

    act0 = Mesh(clipper.GetOutput(), alpha=mesh.alpha()) # the main cut part
    act0.mapper().SetLookupTable(mesh.mapper().GetLookupTable())
    act0.mapper().SetScalarRange(mesh.mapper().GetScalarRange())

    act1 = Mesh()
    act1.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetClippedOutputPort()) # needs OutputPort
    act1.alpha(0.04).color((0.5,0.5,0.5)).wireframe()

    plt.remove(mesh, render=False)
    plt.add([act0, act1])

    def myCallback(obj, event):
        obj.GetPlane(plane)

    planeWidget = vtk.vtkImplicitPlaneWidget()
    planeWidget.SetNormal(1,0,0)
    planeWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.25)
    planeWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    planeWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    planeWidget.SetInputData(mesh.inputdata())
    planeWidget.PlaceWidget(mesh.GetBounds())
    planeWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", myCallback)
    planeWidget.GetPlaneProperty().SetColor(getColor('grey'))
    planeWidget.GetPlaneProperty().SetOpacity(0.5)
    planeWidget.SetTubing(False)
    planeWidget.SetOutlineTranslation(True)
    planeWidget.SetOriginTranslation(True)
    planeWidget.SetDrawPlane(False)
    planeWidget.GetPlaneProperty().LightingOff()
    plt.interactor.Render()
    planeWidget.On()
    plt.widgets.append(planeWidget)

    plt.cutterWidget = planeWidget
    plt.clickedActor = act0
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        ia = plt.actors.index(mesh)
        plt.actors[ia] = act0

    printc("Mesh Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut away parts of the mesh", c="m")
    printc("  Press X to save file to: clipped.vtk", c="m")
    printc("  [Press space bar to continue]", c="m")
    plt.interactor.Start()
    planeWidget.Off()
    plt.interactor.Start() # allow extra interaction
    return act0

def _addCutterToolVolumeWithBox(vol, invert):
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance

    boxWidget = vtk.vtkBoxWidget()
    boxWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    boxWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.0)

    plt.cutterWidget = boxWidget

    plt.renderer.AddVolume(vol)

    planes = vtk.vtkPlanes()
    def _clip(obj, event):
        obj.GetPlanes(planes)
        vol.mapper().SetClippingPlanes(planes)

    boxWidget.SetInputData(vol.inputdata())
    boxWidget.OutlineCursorWiresOn()
    boxWidget.GetSelectedOutlineProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 1)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetColor(0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetOpacity(0.7)
    boxWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.0)
    boxWidget.PlaceWidget()
    boxWidget.SetInsideOut(not invert)
    boxWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", _clip)

    printc("Volume Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut parts of the volume", c="m")

    plt.interactor.Render()
    boxWidget.On()
    plt.interactor.Start()
    boxWidget.Off()
    plt.widgets.append(boxWidget)
    return vol


#####################################################################
def addRendererFrame(plotter_instance, c=None, alpha=None, lw=None, pad=None):

    if lw is None:
        lw = settings.rendererFrameWidth
    if lw==0:
        return None

    if pad is None:
        pad = settings.rendererFramePadding

    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        if np.sum(plotter_instance.renderer.GetBackground())>1.5:
            c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
    c = getColor(c)

    if alpha is None:
        alpha = settings.rendererFrameAlpha

    ppoints = vtk.vtkPoints()  # Generate the polyline
    xy = 1-pad
    psqr = [[pad,pad],[pad,xy],[xy,xy],[xy,pad],[pad,pad]]
    for i, pt in enumerate(psqr):
        ppoints.InsertPoint(i, pt[0], pt[1], 0)
    lines = vtk.vtkCellArray()
    lines.InsertNextCell(len(psqr))
    for i in range(len(psqr)):
        lines.InsertCellPoint(i)
    pd = vtk.vtkPolyData()
    pd.SetPoints(ppoints)
    pd.SetLines(lines)

    mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper2D()
    mapper.SetInputData(pd)
    cs = vtk.vtkCoordinate()
    cs.SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedViewport()
    mapper.SetTransformCoordinate(cs)

    fractor = vtk.vtkActor2D()
    fractor.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(0, 0)
    fractor.GetPosition2Coordinate().SetValue(1, 1)
    fractor.SetMapper(mapper)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetColor(c)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetOpacity(alpha)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(lw)

    plotter_instance.renderer.AddActor(fractor)
    return fractor


#####################################################################
def addIcon(mesh, pos=3, size=0.08):
    """Add an inset icon mesh into the renderer.

    :param pos: icon position in the range [1-4] indicating one of the 4 corners,
                or it can be a tuple (x,y) as a fraction of the renderer size.
    :param float size: size of the icon space.

    |icon| |icon.py|_
    """
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    if not plt.renderer:
        vedo.logger.warning("Use addIcon() after first rendering the scene.")

        save_int = plt.interactive
        plt.show(interactive=0)
        plt.interactive = save_int
    widget = vtk.vtkOrientationMarkerWidget()
    widget.SetOrientationMarker(mesh)
    widget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    if utils.isSequence(pos):
        widget.SetViewport(pos[0] - size, pos[1] - size, pos[0] + size, pos[1] + size)
    else:
        if pos < 2:
            widget.SetViewport(0, 1 - 2 * size, size * 2, 1)
        elif pos == 2:
            widget.SetViewport(1 - 2 * size, 1 - 2 * size, 1, 1)
        elif pos == 3:
            widget.SetViewport(0, 0, size * 2, size * 2)
        elif pos == 4:
            widget.SetViewport(1 - 2 * size, 0, 1, size * 2)
    widget.EnabledOn()
    widget.InteractiveOff()
    plt.widgets.append(widget)
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        plt.actors.remove(mesh)
    return widget

#####################################################################
def computeVisibleBounds(actors=None):
    """Calculate max meshes bounds and sizes."""
    bns = []

    if actors is None:
        actors = vedo.plotter_instance.actors
    elif not utils.isSequence(actors):
        actors = [actors]

    try:
        # this block fails for VolumeSlice as vtkImageSlice.GetBounds() returns a pointer..
        # in any case we dont need axes for that one.
        for a in actors:
            if a and a.GetUseBounds():
                b = a.GetBounds()
                if b:
                    bns.append(b)
        if len(bns):
            max_bns = np.max(bns, axis=0)
            min_bns = np.min(bns, axis=0)
            vbb = [min_bns[0], max_bns[1], min_bns[2], max_bns[3], min_bns[4], max_bns[5]]
        else:
            vbb = vedo.plotter_instance.renderer.ComputeVisiblePropBounds()
            max_bns = vbb
            min_bns = vbb
        sizes = np.array([max_bns[1]-min_bns[0], max_bns[3]-min_bns[2], max_bns[5]-min_bns[4]])
        return [vbb, sizes, min_bns, max_bns]
    except:
        return [(0,0,0,0,0,0), (0,0,0), 0,0]


#####################################################################
def Ruler(
    p1, p2,
    unitScale=1,
    label="",
    s=None,
    font="",
    italic=0,
    prefix="",
    units="",  #eg.'μm'
    c=(0.2, 0.1, 0.1),
    alpha=1,
    lw=1,
    precision=3,
    labelRotation=0,
    axisRotation=0,
    tickAngle=90,
):
    """
    Build a 3D ruler to indicate the distance of two points p1 and p2.

    :param str label: alternative fixed label to be shown
    :param float unitScale: factor to scale units (e.g. μm to mm)
    :param float s: size of the label
    :param str font: font name
    :param float italic: italicness of the font [0,1]
    :param str units: string to be appended to the numeric value
    :param float lw: line width in pixel units
    :param int precision: nr of significant digits to be shown
    :param float labelRotation: initial rotation of the label around the z-axis
    :param float axisRotation: initial rotation of the line around the main axis
    :param float tickAngle: initial rotation of the line around the main axis

    |goniometer| |goniometer.py|_
    """
    if unitScale != 1.0 and units == "":
        raise ValueError("When setting 'unitScale' to a value other than 1, " +
                         "a 'units' arguments must be specified.")

    if isinstance(p1, Points): p1 = p1.GetPosition()
    if isinstance(p2, Points): p2 = p2.GetPosition()
    if len(p1)==2: p1=[p1[0],p1[1],0.0]
    if len(p2)==2: p2=[p2[0],p2[1],0.0]
    p1, p2 = np.array(p1), np.array(p2)
    q1, q2 = [0, 0, 0], [utils.mag(p2 - p1), 0, 0]
    q1, q2 = np.array(q1), np.array(q2)
    v = q2 - q1
    d = utils.mag(v) * unitScale

    if s is None:
        s = d*0.02*(1/unitScale)

    if not label:
        label = str(d)
        if precision:
            label = utils.precision(d, precision)
    if prefix:
        label = prefix+ '~' + label
    if units:
        label += '~'+ units

    lb = shapes.Text3D(label, pos=(q1 + q2) / 2, s=s,
                       font=font, italic=italic, justify="center")
    if labelRotation:
        lb.RotateZ(labelRotation)

    x0, x1 = lb.xbounds()
    gap = [(x1 - x0) / 2, 0, 0]
    pc1 = (v / 2 - gap) * 0.9 + q1
    pc2 = q2 - (v / 2 - gap) * 0.9

    lc1 = shapes.Line(q1 - v / 50, pc1)
    lc2 = shapes.Line(q2 + v / 50, pc2)

    zs = np.array([0, d / 50 * (1/unitScale), 0])
    ml1 = shapes.Line(-zs, zs).pos(q1)
    ml2 = shapes.Line(-zs, zs).pos(q2)
    ml1.RotateZ(tickAngle-90)
    ml2.RotateZ(tickAngle-90)

    c1 = shapes.Circle(q1, r=d / 180 * (1/unitScale), res=20)
    c2 = shapes.Circle(q2, r=d / 180 * (1/unitScale), res=20)

    acts = [lb, lc1, lc2, c1, c2, ml1, ml2]
    macts = merge(acts).pos(p1).c(c).alpha(alpha)
    macts.GetProperty().LightingOff()
    macts.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(lw)
    macts.UseBoundsOff()
    macts.base = q1
    macts.top = q2
    macts.orientation(p2 - p1, rotation=axisRotation).bc('t').pickable(False)
    return macts

def RulerAxes(
    inputobj,
    xtitle="",
    ytitle="",
    ztitle="",
    xlabel="",
    ylabel="",
    zlabel="",
    xpad=0.05,
    ypad=0.04,
    zpad=0,
    font="Normografo",
    s=None,
    italic=0,
    units="",
    c=(0.2, 0, 0),
    alpha=1,
    lw=1,
    precision=3,
    labelRotation=0,
    axisRotation=0,
    xycross=True,
):
    """
    A 3D ruler axes to indicate the sizes of the input scene or object.

    :param str xtitle: name of the axis or title
    :param str xlabel: alternative fixed label to be shown instead of the distance
    :param float xpad: gap distance from the x-axis
    :param float s: size of the label
    :param str font: font name
    :param float italic: italicness of the font [0,1]
    :param str units: string to be appended to the numeric value
    :param float lw: line width in pixel units
    :param int precision: nr of significant digits to be shown
    :param float labelRotation: initial rotation of the label around the z-axis
    :param float axisRotation: initial rotation of the line around the main axis
    :param bool xycross: show two back crossing lines in the xy plane

    |goniometer| |goniometer.py|_
    """
    if utils.isSequence(inputobj):
        x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1 = inputobj
    else:
        x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1 = inputobj.GetBounds()
    dx,dy,dz = (y1-y0)*xpad, (x1-x0)*ypad, (y1-y0)*zpad
    d = np.sqrt((y1-y0)**2+(x1-x0)**2+(z1-z0)**2)

    if not d:
        return None

    if s is None:
        s = d/75

    acts, rx, ry = [], None, None
    if xtitle is not None and (x1-x0)/d>0.1:
        rx = Ruler( [x0,y0-dx,z0],
                    [x1,y0-dx,z0],
                    s=s, font=font, precision=precision,
                    labelRotation=labelRotation, axisRotation=axisRotation,
                    lw=lw, italic=italic, prefix=xtitle, label=xlabel, units=units
        )
        acts.append(rx)
    if ytitle is not None and (y1-y0)/d>0.1:
        ry = Ruler( [x1+dy,y0,z0],
                    [x1+dy,y1,z0],
                    s=s, font=font, precision=precision,
                    labelRotation=labelRotation, axisRotation=axisRotation,
                    lw=lw, italic=italic, prefix=ytitle, label=ylabel, units=units
        )
        acts.append(ry)
    if ztitle is not None and (z1-z0)/d>0.1:
        rz = Ruler( [x0-dy,y0+dz,z0],
                    [x0-dy,y0+dz,z1],
                    s=s, font=font, precision=precision,
                    labelRotation=labelRotation, axisRotation=axisRotation+90,
                    lw=lw, italic=italic, prefix=ztitle, label=zlabel, units=units
        )
        acts.append(rz)

    if xycross and rx and ry:
        lx = shapes.Line([x0,y0,z0],    [x0,y1+dx,z0])
        ly = shapes.Line([x0-dy,y1,z0], [x1,y1,z0])
        d = min((x1-x0), (y1-y0))/200
        cxy = shapes.Circle([x0,y1,z0], r=d, res=15)
        acts.extend([lx,ly,cxy])

    macts = merge(acts)
    if not macts:
        return None
    macts.c(c).alpha(alpha).bc('t')
    macts.UseBoundsOff()
    macts.PickableOff()
    return macts


#####################################################################
def addScaleIndicator(pos=(0.7,0.05), s=0.02, length=2, lw=4, c='k', units=''):
    """
    Add a Scale Indicator.

    Parameters
    ----------
    pos : list, optional
        fractional (x,y) position on the screen. The default is (0.7,0.05).
    s : float, optional
        size of the text. The default is 0.02.
    length : float, optional
        length of the line. The default is 2.
    units : str, optional
        units. The default is ''.
    """
    ppoints = vtk.vtkPoints()  # Generate the polyline
    psqr = [[0.0,0.05], [length/10,0.05]]
    dd = psqr[1][0] - psqr[0][0]
    for i, pt in enumerate(psqr):
            ppoints.InsertPoint(i, pt[0], pt[1], 0)
    lines = vtk.vtkCellArray()
    lines.InsertNextCell(len(psqr))
    for i in range(len(psqr)):
        lines.InsertCellPoint(i)
    pd = vtk.vtkPolyData()
    pd.SetPoints(ppoints)
    pd.SetLines(lines)

    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    wsx, wsy = plt.window.GetSize()
    if not plt.renderer.GetActiveCamera().GetParallelProjection():
        vedo.logger.warning("addScaleIndicator is called with useParallelProjection OFF.")

    rlabel = vtk.vtkVectorText()
    rlabel.SetText('')
    tf = vtk.vtkTransformPolyDataFilter()
    tf.SetInputConnection(rlabel.GetOutputPort())
    t = vtk.vtkTransform()
    t.Scale(s,s*wsx/wsy,1)
    tf.SetTransform(t)

    app = vtk.vtkAppendPolyData()
    app.AddInputConnection(tf.GetOutputPort())
    app.AddInputData(pd)

    mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper2D()
    mapper.SetInputConnection(app.GetOutputPort())
    cs = vtk.vtkCoordinate()
    cs.SetCoordinateSystem(1)
    mapper.SetTransformCoordinate(cs)

    fractor = vtk.vtkActor2D()
    csys = fractor.GetPositionCoordinate()
    csys.SetCoordinateSystem(3)
    fractor.SetPosition(pos)
    fractor.SetMapper(mapper)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetColor(getColor(c))
    fractor.GetProperty().SetOpacity(1)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(lw)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetDisplayLocationToForeground()

    def sifunc(iren, ev):
        wsx, wsy = plt.window.GetSize()
        ps = plt.camera.GetParallelScale()
        newtxt = utils.precision(ps/wsy*wsx*length*dd,3)
        if units:
            newtxt += ' '+units
        rlabel.SetText(newtxt)

    plt.renderer.AddActor(fractor)
    plt.interactor.AddObserver('MouseWheelBackwardEvent', sifunc)
    plt.interactor.AddObserver('MouseWheelForwardEvent', sifunc)
    plt.interactor.AddObserver('InteractionEvent', sifunc)
    sifunc(0,0)

    return fractor

#####################################################################
def Axes(
        obj=None,
        xtitle='x', ytitle='y', ztitle='z',
        xrange=None, yrange=None, zrange=None,
        c=None,
        numberOfDivisions=None,
        digits=None,
        limitRatio=0.04,
        axesLineWidth=1,
        gridLineWidth=1,
        htitle="",
        hTitleSize=0.03,
        hTitleFont=None,
        hTitleItalic=True,
        hTitleColor=None,
        hTitleJustify='bottom-center',
        hTitleRotation=0,
        hTitleOffset=(0, 0.01, 0),
        titleDepth=0,
        titleFont="", # grab settings.defaultFont
        textScale=1.0,
        xTitlePosition=0.95, yTitlePosition=0.95, zTitlePosition=0.95,
        xTitleOffset=0.025,  yTitleOffset=0.0275,  zTitleOffset=0.02, # can be a list (dx,dy,dz)
        xTitleJustify=None, yTitleJustify=None, zTitleJustify=None,
        xTitleRotation=0, yTitleRotation=0, zTitleRotation=0,         # can be a list (rx,ry,rz)
        xTitleBox=False,  yTitleBox=False,
        xTitleSize=0.025, yTitleSize=0.025, zTitleSize=0.025,
        xTitleColor=None, yTitleColor=None, zTitleColor=None,
        xTitleBackfaceColor=None, yTitleBackfaceColor=None, zTitleBackfaceColor=None,
        xTitleItalic=0, yTitleItalic=0, zTitleItalic=0,
        xyGrid=True, yzGrid=False, zxGrid=False,
        xyGrid2=False, yzGrid2=False, zxGrid2=False,
        xyGridTransparent=False, yzGridTransparent=False, zxGridTransparent=False,
        xyGrid2Transparent=False, yzGrid2Transparent=False, zxGrid2Transparent=False,
        xyPlaneColor=None, yzPlaneColor=None, zxPlaneColor=None,
        xyGridColor=None, yzGridColor=None, zxGridColor=None,
        xyAlpha=0.075, yzAlpha=0.075, zxAlpha=0.075,
        xyFrameLine=None, yzFrameLine=None, zxFrameLine=None,
        xyFrameColor=None, yzFrameColor=None, zxFrameColor=None,
        xLineColor=None, yLineColor=None, zLineColor=None,
        xHighlightZero=False, yHighlightZero=False, zHighlightZero=False,
        xHighlightZeroColor='r', yHighlightZeroColor='g', zHighlightZeroColor='b',
        showTicks=True,
        xTickLength=0.015, yTickLength=0.015, zTickLength=0.015,
        xTickThickness=0.0025, yTickThickness=0.0025, zTickThickness=0.0025,
        xMinorTicks=1, yMinorTicks=1, zMinorTicks=1,
        tipSize=None,
        labelFont="", # grab settings.defaultFont
        xLabelColor=None, yLabelColor=None, zLabelColor=None,
        xLabelSize=0.016, yLabelSize=0.016, zLabelSize=0.016,
        xLabelOffset=0.8, yLabelOffset=0.8, zLabelOffset=0.8, # each can be a list (dx,dy,dz)
        xLabelJustify=None, yLabelJustify=None, zLabelJustify=None,
        xLabelRotation=0, yLabelRotation=0, zLabelRotation=0, # each can be a list (rx,ry,rz)
        xAxisRotation=0, yAxisRotation=0, zAxisRotation=0,    # rotate all elements around axis
        xValuesAndLabels=None, yValuesAndLabels=None, zValuesAndLabels=None,
        xyShift=0, yzShift=0, zxShift=0,
        xShiftAlongY=0, xShiftAlongZ=0,
        yShiftAlongX=0, yShiftAlongZ=0,
        zShiftAlongX=0, zShiftAlongY=0,
        xUseBounds=True, yUseBounds=True, zUseBounds=False,
        xInverted=False, yInverted=False, zInverted=False,
        useGlobal=False,
        tol=0.0001,
    ):
    """
    Draw axes for the input object. Returns an ``Assembly`` object.

    - `xtitle`,                ['x'], x-axis title text
    - `xrange`,               [None], x-axis range in format (xmin, ymin), default is automatic.
    - `numberOfDivisions`,    [None], approximate number of divisions on the longest axis
    - `axesLineWidth`,           [1], width of the axes lines
    - `gridLineWidth`,           [1], width of the grid lines
    - `titleDepth`,              [0], extrusion fractional depth of title text
    - `xyGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane xy
    - `yzGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane yz
    - `zxGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane zx
    - `zxGrid2`,             [False], show zx plane on opposite side of the bounding box
    - `xyGridTransparent`    [False], make grid plane completely transparent
    - `xyGrid2Transparent`   [False], make grid plane completely transparent on opposite side box
    - `xyPlaneColor`,       ['None'], color of the plane
    - `xyGridColor`,        ['None'], grid line color
    - `xyAlpha`,              [0.15], grid plane opacity
    - `xyFrameLine`,             [0], add a frame for the plane, use value as the thickness
    - `xyFrameColor`,         [None], color for the frame of the plane
    - `showTicks`,            [True], show major ticks
    - `digits`,               [None], use this number of significant digits in scientific notation
    - `titleFont`,              [''], font for axes titles
    - `labelFont`,              [''], font for numeric labels
    - `textScale`,             [1.0], global scaling factor for all text elements (titles, labels)
    - `htitle`,                 [''], header title
    - `hTitleSize`,           [0.03], header title size
    - `hTitleFont`,           [None], header font (defaults to `titleFont`)
    - `hTitleItalic`,         [True], header font is italic
    - `hTitleColor`,          [None], header title color (defaults to `xTitleColor`)
    - `hTitleJustify`, ['bottom-center'], origin of the title justification
    - `hTitleOffset`,   [(0,0.01,0)], control offsets of header title in x, y and z
    - `xTitlePosition`,       [0.32], title fractional positions along axis
    - `xTitleOffset`,         [0.05], title fractional offset distance from axis line, can be a list
    - `xTitleJustify`,        [None], choose the origin of the bounding box of title
    - `xTitleRotation`,          [0], add a rotation of the axis title, can be a list (rx,ry,rz)
    - `xTitleBox`,           [False], add a box around title text
    - `xLineColor`,      [automatic], color of the x-axis
    - `xTitleColor`,     [automatic], color of the axis title
    - `xTitleBackfaceColor`,  [None], color of axis title on its backface
    - `xTitleSize`,          [0.025], size of the axis title
    - 'xTitleItalic',            [0], a bool or float to make the font italic
    - `xHighlightZero`,       [True], draw a line highlighting zero position if in range
    - `xHighlightZeroColor`, [autom], color of the line highlighting the zero position
    - `xTickLength`,         [0.005], radius of the major ticks
    - `xTickThickness`,     [0.0025], thickness of the major ticks along their axis
    - `xMinorTicks`,             [1], number of minor ticks between two major ticks
    - `xLabelColor`,     [automatic], color of numeric labels and ticks
    - `xLabelPrecision`,         [2], nr. of significative digits to be shown
    - `xLabelSize`,          [0.015], size of the numeric labels along axis
    - 'xLabelRotation',          [0], numeric labels rotation (can be a list of 3 rotations)
    - `xLabelOffset`,          [0.8], offset of the numeric labels (can be a list of 3 offsets)
    - `xLabelJustify`,        [None], choose the origin of the bounding box of labels
    - 'xAxisRotation',           [0], rotate the X axis elements (ticks and labels) around this same axis
    - `xValuesAndLabels`          [], assign custom tick positions and labels [(pos1, label1), ...]
    - `xyShift`                [0.0], slide the xy-plane along z (the range is [0,1])
    - `xShiftAlongY`           [0.0], slide x-axis along the y-axis (the range is [0,1])
    - `tipSize`,              [0.01], size of the arrow tip
    - `limitRatio`,           [0.04], below this ratio don't plot smaller axis
    - `xUseBounds`,           [True], keep into account space occupied by labels when setting camera
    - `xInverted`,           [False], invert labels order and direction (only visually!)
    - `useGlobal`,           [False], try to compute the global bounding box of visible actors

    :Example:

        .. code-block:: python

            from vedo import Axes, Box, show
            b = Box(pos=(1,2,3), length=8, width=9, height=7).alpha(0.1)
            axs = Axes(b, c='k')  # returns Assembly object
            #for a in axs.unpack(): print(a.name)
            show(axs)

    |customAxes1| |customAxes1.py|_ |customAxes2.py|_ |customAxes3.py|_

    |customIndividualAxes| |customIndividualAxes.py|_
    """
    if not titleFont:
        titleFont = settings.defaultFont
    if not labelFont:
        labelFont = settings.defaultFont

    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
        plt = vedo.plotter_instance
        if plt and plt.renderer:
            bgcol = plt.renderer.GetBackground()
        else:
            bgcol = (1,1,1)
        if np.sum(bgcol) < 1.5:
            c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
    else:
        c = getColor(c)

    if useGlobal:
        vbb, drange, min_bns, max_bns = computeVisibleBounds()
    else:
        if obj is not None:
            vbb, drange, min_bns, max_bns = computeVisibleBounds(obj)
        else:
            vbb = np.zeros(6)
            drange = np.zeros(3)
            if zrange is None:
                zrange=(0,0)
            if xrange is None or yrange is None:
                vedo.logger.error("in Axes() no input is given, so you must specify axes ranges!")
                raise RuntimeError()

    if xrange is not None:
        if xrange[1] < xrange[0]:
            xInverted = True
            xrange = [xrange[1], xrange[0]]
        vbb[0], vbb[1] = xrange
        drange[0] = vbb[1] - vbb[0]
        min_bns = vbb
        max_bns = vbb
    if yrange is not None:
        if yrange[1] < yrange[0]:
            yInverted = True
            yrange = [yrange[1], yrange[0]]
        vbb[2], vbb[3] = yrange
        drange[1] = vbb[3] - vbb[2]
        min_bns = vbb
        max_bns = vbb
    if zrange is not None:
        if zrange[1] < zrange[0]:
            zInverted = True
            zrange = [zrange[1], zrange[0]]
        vbb[4], vbb[5] = zrange
        drange[2] = vbb[5] - vbb[4]
        min_bns = vbb
        max_bns = vbb

    drangemax = max(drange)
    if not drangemax:
        return

    if drange[0]/drangemax < limitRatio:
        drange[0] = 0
        xtitle = ''
    if drange[1]/drangemax < limitRatio:
        drange[1] = 0
        ytitle = ''
    if drange[2]/drangemax < limitRatio:
        drange[2] = 0
        ztitle = ''

    x0,x1, y0,y1, z0,z1 = vbb
    dx, dy, dz = drange

    gscale = np.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)*0.75

    if not xyPlaneColor: xyPlaneColor = c
    if not yzPlaneColor: yzPlaneColor = c
    if not zxPlaneColor: zxPlaneColor = c
    if not xyGridColor:  xyGridColor = c
    if not yzGridColor:  yzGridColor = c
    if not zxGridColor:  zxGridColor = c
    if not xTitleColor:  xTitleColor = c
    if not yTitleColor:  yTitleColor = c
    if not zTitleColor:  zTitleColor = c
    if not xLineColor:   xLineColor = c
    if not yLineColor:   yLineColor = c
    if not zLineColor:   zLineColor = c
    if not xLabelColor:  xLabelColor = xLineColor
    if not yLabelColor:  yLabelColor = yLineColor
    if not zLabelColor:  zLabelColor = zLineColor

    # vtk version<9 dont like depthpeeling: force switching off grids
    if settings.useDepthPeeling and not utils.vtkVersionIsAtLeast(9):
        xyGrid = False
        yzGrid = False
        zxGrid = False
        xyGrid2 = False
        yzGrid2 = False
        zxGrid2 = False

    if tipSize is None:
        tipSize = 0.005*gscale
        if not ztitle:
            tipSize = 0 # switch off in xy 2d

    ndiv = 4
    if not ztitle or not ytitle or not xtitle: # make more default ticks if 2D
        ndiv = 6
        if not ztitle:
            if xyFrameLine is None:
                xyFrameLine = True
            if tipSize is None:
                tipSize = False

    if not numberOfDivisions:
        numberOfDivisions = ndiv

    rx, ry, rz = np.ceil(drange/drangemax * numberOfDivisions).astype(int)

    if xtitle:
        xticks_float, xticks_str = utils.makeTicks(x0,x1, rx, xValuesAndLabels, digits)
        xticks_float = xticks_float * dx
        if xInverted:
            xticks_float = np.flip(-(xticks_float - xticks_float[-1]))
            xticks_str = list(reversed(xticks_str))
            xticks_str[-1] = ''
            xHighlightZero = False
    if ytitle:
        yticks_float, yticks_str = utils.makeTicks(y0,y1, ry, yValuesAndLabels, digits)
        yticks_float = yticks_float * dy
        if yInverted:
            yticks_float = np.flip(-(yticks_float - yticks_float[-1]))
            yticks_str = list(reversed(yticks_str))
            yticks_str[-1] = ''
            yHighlightZero = False
    if ztitle:
        zticks_float, zticks_str = utils.makeTicks(z0,z1, rz, zValuesAndLabels, digits)
        zticks_float = zticks_float * dz
        if zInverted:
            zticks_float = np.flip(-(zticks_float - zticks_float[-1]))
            zticks_str = list(reversed(zticks_str))
            zticks_str[-1] = ''
            zHighlightZero = False

    ################################################ axes lines
    lines = []
    if xtitle:
        axlinex = shapes.Line([0,0,0], [dx,0,0], c=xLineColor, lw=axesLineWidth)
        if xyShift: axlinex.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        if zxShift: axlinex.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        if xShiftAlongY: axlinex.shift(0,xShiftAlongY*dy,0)
        if xShiftAlongZ: axlinex.shift(0,0,xShiftAlongZ*dz)
        axlinex.name = 'xAxis'
        lines.append(axlinex)
    if ytitle:
        axliney = shapes.Line([0,0,0], [0,dy,0], c=yLineColor, lw=axesLineWidth)
        if xyShift: axliney.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        if yzShift: axliney.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        if yShiftAlongX: axliney.shift(yShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
        if yShiftAlongZ: axliney.shift(0,0,yShiftAlongZ*dz)
        axliney.name = 'yAxis'
        lines.append(axliney)
    if ztitle:
        axlinez = shapes.Line([0,0,0], [0,0,dz], c=zLineColor, lw=axesLineWidth)
        if yzShift: axlinez.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        if zxShift: axlinez.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        if zShiftAlongX: axlinez.shift(zShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
        if zShiftAlongY: axlinez.shift(0,zShiftAlongY*dy,0)
        axlinez.name = 'zAxis'
        lines.append(axlinez)

    ################################################ grid planes
    # all shapes have a name to keep track of them in the Assembly
    # if user wants to unpack it
    grids = []
    if xyGrid and xtitle and ytitle:
        gxy = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=yticks_float)
        gxy.alpha(xyAlpha).wireframe(xyGridTransparent).c(xyPlaneColor)
        gxy.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(xyGridColor)
        if xyShift: gxy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        gxy.name = "xyGrid"
        grids.append(gxy)
    if yzGrid and ytitle and ztitle:
        gyz = shapes.Grid(sx=zticks_float, sy=yticks_float)
        gyz.alpha(yzAlpha).wireframe(yzGridTransparent).c(yzPlaneColor)
        gyz.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(yzGridColor).RotateY(-90)
        if yzShift: gyz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        gyz.name = "yzGrid"
        grids.append(gyz)
    if zxGrid and ztitle and xtitle:
        gzx = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=zticks_float)
        gzx.alpha(zxAlpha).wireframe(zxGridTransparent).c(zxPlaneColor)
        gzx.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(zxGridColor).RotateX(90)
        if zxShift: gzx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        gzx.name = "zxGrid"
        grids.append(gzx)
    #Grid2
    if xyGrid2 and xtitle and ytitle:
        gxy2 = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=yticks_float).z(dz)
        gxy2.alpha(xyAlpha).wireframe(xyGrid2Transparent).c(xyPlaneColor)
        gxy2.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(xyGridColor)
        gxy2.name = "xyGrid2"
        grids.append(gxy2)
    if yzGrid2 and ytitle and ztitle:
        gyz2 = shapes.Grid(sx=zticks_float, sy=yticks_float).x(dx)
        gyz2.alpha(yzAlpha).wireframe(yzGrid2Transparent).c(yzPlaneColor)
        gyz2.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(yzGridColor).RotateY(-90)
        gyz2.name = "yzGrid2"
        grids.append(gyz2)
    if zxGrid2 and ztitle and xtitle:
        gzx2 = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=zticks_float).y(dy)
        gzx2.alpha(zxAlpha).wireframe(zxGrid2Transparent).c(zxPlaneColor)
        gzx2.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(zxGridColor).RotateX(90)
        gzx2.name = "zxGrid2"
        grids.append(gzx2)

    ################################################ frame lines
    framelines = []
    if xyFrameLine and xtitle and ytitle:
        if not xyFrameColor:
            xyFrameColor = xyGridColor
        frxy = shapes.Line([[0,dy,0],[dx,dy,0],[dx,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,dy,0]],
                           c=xyFrameColor, lw=xyFrameLine)
        if xyShift: frxy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        frxy.name = 'xyFrameLine'
        framelines.append(frxy)
    if yzFrameLine and ytitle and ztitle:
        if not yzFrameColor:
            yzFrameColor = yzGridColor
        fryz = shapes.Line([[0,0,dz],[0,dy,dz],[0,dy,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,dz]],
                           c=yzFrameColor, lw=yzFrameLine)
        if yzShift: fryz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        fryz.name = 'yzFrameLine'
        framelines.append(fryz)
    if zxFrameLine and ztitle and xtitle:
        if not zxFrameColor:
            zxFrameColor = zxGridColor
        frzx = shapes.Line([[0,0,dz],[dx,0,dz],[dx,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,dz]],
                           c=zxFrameColor, lw=zxFrameLine)
        if zxShift: frzx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        frzx.name = 'zxFrameLine'
        framelines.append(frzx)

    ################################################ zero lines highlights
    highlights = []
    if xyGrid and xtitle and ytitle:
        if xHighlightZero and min_bns[0] <= 0 and max_bns[1] > 0:
            xhl = -min_bns[0]
            hxy = shapes.Line([xhl,0,0], [xhl,dy,0], c=xHighlightZeroColor)
            hxy.alpha(np.sqrt(xyAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if xyShift: hxy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            hxy.name = "xyHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hxy)
        if yHighlightZero and min_bns[2] <= 0 and max_bns[3] > 0:
            yhl = -min_bns[2]
            hyx = shapes.Line([0,yhl,0], [dx,yhl,0], c=yHighlightZeroColor)
            hyx.alpha(np.sqrt(yzAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if xyShift: hyx.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            hyx.name = "yxHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hyx)

    if yzGrid and ytitle and ztitle:
        if yHighlightZero and min_bns[2] <= 0 and max_bns[3] > 0:
            yhl = -min_bns[2]
            hyz = shapes.Line([0,yhl,0], [0,yhl,dz], c=yHighlightZeroColor)
            hyz.alpha(np.sqrt(yzAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if yzShift: hyz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            hyz.name = "yzHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hyz)
        if zHighlightZero and min_bns[4] <= 0 and max_bns[5] > 0:
            zhl = -min_bns[4]
            hzy = shapes.Line([0,0,zhl], [0,dy,zhl], c=zHighlightZeroColor)
            hzy.alpha(np.sqrt(yzAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if yzShift: hzy.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            hzy.name = "zyHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hzy)

    if zxGrid and ztitle and xtitle:
        if zHighlightZero and min_bns[4] <= 0 and max_bns[5] > 0:
            zhl = -min_bns[4]
            hzx = shapes.Line([0,0,zhl], [dx,0,zhl], c=zHighlightZeroColor)
            hzx.alpha(np.sqrt(zxAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if zxShift: hzx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            hzx.name = "zxHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hzx)
        if xHighlightZero and min_bns[0] <= 0 and max_bns[1] > 0:
            xhl = -min_bns[0]
            hxz = shapes.Line([xhl,0,0], [xhl,0,dz], c=xHighlightZeroColor)
            hxz.alpha(np.sqrt(zxAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if zxShift: hxz.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            hxz.name = "xzHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hxz)

    ################################################ arrow cone
    cones = []

    if tipSize:

        if xtitle:
            if xInverted:
                cx = shapes.Cone(r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(-1,0,0), c=xLineColor, res=12)
            else:
                cx = shapes.Cone((dx,0,0), r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(1,0,0), c=xLineColor, res=12)
            if xyShift: cx.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if zxShift: cx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            if xShiftAlongY: cx.shift(0,xShiftAlongY*dy,0)
            if xShiftAlongZ: cx.shift(0,0,xShiftAlongZ*dz)
            cx.name = "xTipCone"
            cones.append(cx)

        if ytitle:
            if yInverted:
                cy = shapes.Cone(r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,-1,0), c=yLineColor, res=12)
            else:
                cy = shapes.Cone((0,dy,0), r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,1,0), c=yLineColor, res=12)
            if xyShift: cy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if yzShift: cy.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            if yShiftAlongX: cy.shift(yShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
            if yShiftAlongZ: cy.shift(0,0,yShiftAlongZ*dz)
            cy.name = "yTipCone"
            cones.append(cy)

        if ztitle:
            if zInverted:
                cz = shapes.Cone(r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,0,-1), c=zLineColor, res=12)
            else:
                cz = shapes.Cone((0,0,dz), r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,0,1), c=zLineColor, res=12)
            if yzShift: cz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            if zxShift: cz.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            if zShiftAlongX: cz.shift(zShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
            if zShiftAlongY: cz.shift(0,zShiftAlongY*dy,0)
            cz.name = "zTipCone"
            cones.append(cz)

    ################################################################# MAJOR ticks
    majorticks, minorticks= [], []
    xticks, yticks, zticks = [],[],[]
    if showTicks:
        if xtitle:
            tickThickness = xTickThickness * gscale/2
            tickLength = xTickLength * gscale/2
            for i in range(1, len(xticks_float)-1):
                v1 = (xticks_float[i]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (xticks_float[i]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                xticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))
            if len(xticks)>1:
                xmajticks = merge(xticks).c(xLabelColor)
                if xAxisRotation:
                    xmajticks.RotateX(xAxisRotation)
                if xyShift: xmajticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if zxShift: xmajticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                if xShiftAlongY: xmajticks.shift(0,xShiftAlongY*dy,0)
                if xShiftAlongZ: xmajticks.shift(0,0,xShiftAlongZ*dz)
                xmajticks.name = "xMajorTicks"
                majorticks.append(xmajticks)
        if ytitle:
            tickThickness = yTickThickness * gscale/2
            tickLength = yTickLength * gscale/2
            for i in range(1, len(yticks_float)-1):
                v1 = (-tickLength, yticks_float[i]-tickThickness, 0)
                v2 = ( tickLength, yticks_float[i]+tickThickness, 0)
                yticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))
            if len(yticks)>1:
                ymajticks = merge(yticks).c(yLabelColor)
                if yAxisRotation:
                    ymajticks.RotateY(yAxisRotation)
                if xyShift: ymajticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if yzShift: ymajticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                if yShiftAlongX: ymajticks.shift(yShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
                if yShiftAlongZ: ymajticks.shift(0,0,yShiftAlongZ*dz)
                ymajticks.name = "yMajorTicks"
                majorticks.append(ymajticks)
        if ztitle:
            tickThickness = zTickThickness * gscale/2
            tickLength = zTickLength * gscale/2.85
            for i in range(1, len(zticks_float)-1):
                v1 = (zticks_float[i]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (zticks_float[i]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                zticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))
            if len(zticks)>1:
                zmajticks = merge(zticks).c(zLabelColor)
                zmajticks.RotateZ(-45 + zAxisRotation)
                zmajticks.RotateY(-90)
                if yzShift: zmajticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                if zxShift: zmajticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                if zShiftAlongX: zmajticks.shift(zShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
                if zShiftAlongY: zmajticks.shift(0,zShiftAlongY*dy,0)
                zmajticks.name = "zMajorTicks"
                majorticks.append(zmajticks)

        ############################################################# MINOR ticks
        if xtitle and xMinorTicks and len(xticks)>1:
            tickThickness = xTickThickness * gscale/4
            tickLength = xTickLength * gscale/4
            xMinorTicks += 1
            ticks = []
            for i in range(1,len(xticks)):
                t0, t1 = xticks[i-1].pos(), xticks[i].pos()
                dt = t1 - t0
                for j in range(1, xMinorTicks):
                    mt = dt*(j/xMinorTicks) + t0
                    v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                    v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                    ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the fist lower range from start to first tick
            t0, t1 = xticks[0].pos(), xticks[1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, xMinorTicks):
                mt = t0 - dt*(j/xMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]<0: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the last upper range from last tick to end
            t0, t1 = xticks[-2].pos(), xticks[-1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, xMinorTicks):
                mt = t1 + dt*(j/xMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]>dx: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            if len(ticks):
                xminticks = merge(ticks).c(xLabelColor)
                if xAxisRotation:
                    xminticks.RotateX(xAxisRotation)
                if xyShift: xminticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if zxShift: xminticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                if xShiftAlongY: xminticks.shift(0,xShiftAlongY*dy,0)
                if xShiftAlongZ: xminticks.shift(0,0,xShiftAlongZ*dz)
                xminticks.name = "xMinorTicks"
                minorticks.append(xminticks)

        if ytitle and yMinorTicks and len(yticks)>1:   ##### y
            tickThickness = yTickThickness * gscale/4
            tickLength = yTickLength * gscale/4
            yMinorTicks += 1
            ticks = []
            for i in range(1,len(yticks)):
                t0, t1 = yticks[i-1].pos(), yticks[i].pos()
                dt = t1 - t0
                for j in range(1, yMinorTicks):
                    mt = dt*(j/yMinorTicks) + t0
                    v1 = (-tickLength, mt[1]-tickThickness, 0)
                    v2 = ( tickLength, mt[1]+tickThickness, 0)
                    ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the fist lower range from start to first tick
            t0, t1 = yticks[0].pos(), yticks[1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, yMinorTicks):
                mt = t0 - dt*(j/yMinorTicks)
                if mt[1]<0: break
                v1 = (-tickLength, mt[1]-tickThickness, 0)
                v2 = ( tickLength, mt[1]+tickThickness, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the last upper range from last tick to end
            t0, t1 = yticks[-2].pos(), yticks[-1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, yMinorTicks):
                mt = t1 + dt*(j/yMinorTicks)
                if mt[1]>dy: break
                v1 = (-tickLength, mt[1]-tickThickness, 0)
                v2 = ( tickLength, mt[1]+tickThickness, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            if len(ticks):
                yminticks = merge(ticks).c(yLabelColor)
                if yAxisRotation:
                    yminticks.RotateY(yAxisRotation)
                if xyShift: yminticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if yzShift: yminticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                if yShiftAlongX: yminticks.shift(yShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
                if yShiftAlongZ: yminticks.shift(0,0,yShiftAlongZ*dz)
                yminticks.name = "yMinorTicks"
                minorticks.append(yminticks)

        if ztitle and zMinorTicks and len(zticks)>1:   ##### z
            tickThickness = zTickThickness * gscale/4
            tickLength = zTickLength * gscale/5
            zMinorTicks += 1
            ticks = []
            for i in range(1,len(zticks)):
                t0, t1 = zticks[i-1].pos(), zticks[i].pos()
                dt = t1 - t0
                for j in range(1, zMinorTicks):
                    mt = dt*(j/zMinorTicks) + t0
                    v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                    v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                    ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the fist lower range from start to first tick
            t0, t1 = zticks[0].pos(), zticks[1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, zMinorTicks):
                mt = t0 - dt*(j/zMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]<0: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the last upper range from last tick to end
            t0, t1 = zticks[-2].pos(), zticks[-1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, zMinorTicks):
                mt = t1 + dt*(j/zMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]>dz: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            if len(ticks):
                zminticks = merge(ticks).c(zLabelColor)
                zminticks.RotateZ(-45 + zAxisRotation)
                zminticks.RotateY(-90)
                if yzShift: zminticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                if zxShift: zminticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                if zShiftAlongX: zminticks.shift(zShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
                if zShiftAlongY: zminticks.shift(0,zShiftAlongY*dy,0)
                zminticks.name = "zMinorTicks"
                minorticks.append(zminticks)

    ################################################ axes NUMERIC text labels
    labels = []
    xlab, ylab, zlab = None, None, None

    if xLabelSize and xtitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(xLabelRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, xRot, yRot = xLabelRotation
        else:
            zRot = xLabelRotation
        if zRot < 0:  # deal with negative angles
            zRot += 360

        jus = "center-top"
        if zRot:
            if zRot >  24: jus = "top-right"
            if zRot >  67: jus = "center-right"
            if zRot > 112: jus = "right-bottom"
            if zRot > 157: jus = "center-bottom"
            if zRot > 202: jus = "bottom-left"
            if zRot > 247: jus = "center-left"
            if zRot > 292: jus = "top-left"
            if zRot > 337: jus = "top-center"
        if xLabelJustify is not None:
            jus = xLabelJustify

        for i in range(1, len(xticks_str)):
            t = xticks_str[i]
            if not t:
                continue
            if utils.isSequence(xLabelOffset):
                xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = xLabelOffset
            else:
                xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = 0, xLabelOffset, 0
            xlab = shapes.Text3D(t, s=xLabelSize*textScale*gscale, font=labelFont, justify=jus)
            tb = xlab.ybounds() # must be ybounds: height of char
            v = (xticks_float[i], 0, 0)
            offs = -np.array([xoffs, yoffs, zoffs])*(tb[1]-tb[0])
            xlab.pos(v+offs)
            if xAxisRotation:
                xlab.rotateX(xAxisRotation, locally=False)
            if zRot: xlab.RotateZ(zRot)
            if xRot: xlab.RotateX(xRot)
            if yRot: xlab.RotateY(yRot)
            if xyShift: xlab.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if zxShift: xlab.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            if xShiftAlongY: xlab.shift(0,xShiftAlongY*dy,0)
            if xShiftAlongZ: xlab.shift(0,0,xShiftAlongZ*dz)
            xlab.name = f"xNumericLabel{i}"
            xlab.SetUseBounds(xUseBounds)
            labels.append(xlab.c(xLabelColor))

    if yLabelSize and ytitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(yLabelRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, yRot, xRot = yLabelRotation
        else:
            zRot = yLabelRotation
        if zRot < 0: zRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        jus = "center-right"
        if zRot:
            if zRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
            if zRot >  67: jus = "center-bottom"
            if zRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
            if zRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
            if zRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
            if zRot > 247: jus = "center-top"
            if zRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
            if zRot > 337: jus = "right-center"
        if yLabelJustify is not None:
            jus = yLabelJustify

        for i in range(1, len(yticks_str)):
            t = yticks_str[i]
            if not t:
                continue
            if utils.isSequence(yLabelOffset):
                xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = yLabelOffset
            else:
                xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = yLabelOffset, 0, 0
            ylab = shapes.Text3D(t, s=yLabelSize*textScale*gscale, font=labelFont, justify=jus)
            tb = ylab.ybounds() # must be ybounds: height of char
            v = (0, yticks_float[i], 0)
            offs = -np.array([xoffs, yoffs, zoffs])*(tb[1]-tb[0])
            ylab.pos(v+offs)
            if yAxisRotation:
                ylab.rotateY(yAxisRotation, locally=False)
            if zRot: ylab.RotateZ(zRot)
            if yRot: ylab.RotateY(yRot)
            if xRot: ylab.RotateX(xRot)
            if xyShift: ylab.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if yzShift: ylab.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            if yShiftAlongX: ylab.shift(yShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
            if yShiftAlongZ: ylab.shift(0,0,yShiftAlongZ*dz)
            ylab.name = f"yNumericLabel{i}"
            ylab.SetUseBounds(yUseBounds)
            labels.append(ylab.c(yLabelColor))

    if zLabelSize and ztitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(zLabelRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            xRot, yRot, zRot = zLabelRotation
        else:
            xRot = zLabelRotation
        if xRot < 0: xRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        jus = "center-right"
        if xRot:
            if xRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
            if xRot >  67: jus = "center-bottom"
            if xRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
            if xRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
            if xRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
            if xRot > 247: jus = "center-top"
            if xRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
            if xRot > 337: jus = "right-center"
        if zLabelJustify is not None:
            jus = zLabelJustify

        for i in range(1, len(zticks_str)):
            t = zticks_str[i]
            if not t:
                continue
            if utils.isSequence(zLabelOffset):
                xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = zLabelOffset
            else:
                xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = zLabelOffset, zLabelOffset, 0
            zlab = shapes.Text3D(t, s=zLabelSize*textScale*gscale, font=labelFont, justify=jus)
            tb = zlab.ybounds() # must be ybounds: height of char
            v = (0, 0, zticks_float[i])
            offs = -np.array([xoffs, yoffs, zoffs])*(tb[1]-tb[0])/1.5
            angle=90
            if dx: angle = np.arctan2(dy,dx)*57.3
            zlab.RotateZ(angle + yRot)    # vtk inverts order of rotations
            if xRot: zlab.RotateY(-xRot)  # ..second
            zlab.RotateX(90+zRot)         # ..first
            zlab.pos(v+offs)
            if zAxisRotation:
                zlab.rotateZ(zAxisRotation, locally=False)
            if yzShift: zlab.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            if zxShift: zlab.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            if zShiftAlongX: zlab.shift(zShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
            if zShiftAlongY: zlab.shift(0,zShiftAlongY*dy,0)
            zlab.SetUseBounds(zUseBounds)
            zlab.name = f"zNumericLabel{i}"
            labels.append(zlab.c(zLabelColor))

    ################################################ axes titles
    titles = []

    if xtitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(xTitleRotation):  # unpack 3 rotations
            zRot, xRot, yRot = xTitleRotation
        else:
            zRot = xTitleRotation
        if zRot < 0:  # deal with negative angles
            zRot += 360

        if utils.isSequence(xTitleOffset):
            xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = xTitleOffset
        else:
            xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = 0, xTitleOffset, 0

        if xTitleJustify is not None:
            jus = xTitleJustify
        else:
            # find best justfication for given rotation(s)
            jus ="right-top"
            if zRot:
                if zRot >  24: jus = "center-right"
                if zRot >  67: jus = "right-bottom"
                if zRot > 157: jus = "bottom-left"
                if zRot > 202: jus = "center-left"
                if zRot > 247: jus = "top-left"
                if zRot > 337: jus = "top-right"

        xt = shapes.Text3D(xtitle, s=xTitleSize*textScale*gscale,
                           font=titleFont, c=xTitleColor, justify=jus,
                           depth=titleDepth, italic=xTitleItalic)
        if xTitleBackfaceColor:
            xt.backColor(xTitleBackfaceColor)
        if zRot: xt.RotateZ(zRot)
        if xRot: xt.RotateX(xRot)
        if yRot: xt.RotateY(yRot)
        shift = 0
        if xlab: # xlab is the last created numeric text label..
            lt0, lt1 = xlab.GetBounds()[2:4]
            shift =  lt1 - lt0
        xt.pos([(xoffs+xTitlePosition)*dx, -(yoffs+xTickLength/2)*dy -shift, zoffs*dz])
        if xAxisRotation:
            xt.rotateX(xAxisRotation, locally=False)
        if xyShift: xt.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        if xShiftAlongY: xt.shift(0,xShiftAlongY*dy,0)
        if xShiftAlongZ: xt.shift(0,0,xShiftAlongZ*dz)
        xt.SetUseBounds(xUseBounds)
        xt.name = f"xtitle {xtitle}"
        titles.append(xt)
        if xTitleBox:
            titles.append(xt.box(scale=1.1).useBounds(xUseBounds))

    if ytitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(yTitleRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, yRot, xRot = yTitleRotation
        else:
            zRot = yTitleRotation
            if len(ytitle) > 3:
                zRot += 90
                yTitlePosition *= 0.975
        if zRot < 0:
            zRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        if utils.isSequence(yTitleOffset):
            xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = yTitleOffset
        else:
            xoffs, yoffs, zoffs = yTitleOffset, 0, 0

        if yTitleJustify is not None:
            jus = yTitleJustify
        else:
            jus = "center-right"
            if zRot:
                if zRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
                if zRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
                if zRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
                if zRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
                if zRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
                if zRot > 337: jus = "right-center"

        yt = shapes.Text3D(ytitle, s=yTitleSize*textScale*gscale, font=titleFont,
                           c=yTitleColor, justify=jus, depth=titleDepth,
                           italic=yTitleItalic)
        if yTitleBackfaceColor:
            yt.backColor(yTitleBackfaceColor)

        if zRot: yt.RotateZ(zRot)
        if yRot: yt.RotateY(yRot)
        if xRot: yt.RotateX(xRot)

        shift = 0
        if ylab:  # this is the last created num label..
            lt0, lt1 = ylab.GetBounds()[0:2]
            shift = lt1 - lt0
        yt.pos(-(xoffs + yTickLength/2)*dx -shift, (yoffs + yTitlePosition)*dy, zoffs*dz)
        if yAxisRotation:
            yt.rotateY(yAxisRotation, locally=False)
        if xyShift:      yt.shift(0, 0, xyShift*dz)
        if yShiftAlongX: yt.shift(yShiftAlongX*dx, 0, 0)
        if yShiftAlongZ: yt.shift(0, 0, yShiftAlongZ*dz)
        yt.SetUseBounds(yUseBounds)
        yt.name = f"ytitle {ytitle}"
        titles.append(yt)
        if yTitleBox:
            titles.append(yt.box(scale=1.1).useBounds(yUseBounds))

    if ztitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(zTitleRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            xRot, yRot, zRot = zTitleRotation
        else:
            xRot = zTitleRotation
            if len(ztitle) > 3:
                xRot += 90
                zTitlePosition *= 0.975
        if xRot < 0:
            xRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        if zTitleJustify is not None:
            jus = zTitleJustify
        else:
            jus = "center-right"
            if xRot:
                if xRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
                if xRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
                if xRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
                if xRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
                if xRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
                if xRot > 337: jus = "right-center"

        zt = shapes.Text3D(ztitle, s=zTitleSize*textScale*gscale, font=titleFont,
                           c=zTitleColor, justify=jus, depth=titleDepth,
                           italic=yTitleItalic)
        if zTitleBackfaceColor:
            zt.backColor(zTitleBackfaceColor)

        angle=90
        if dx: angle = np.arctan2(dy,dx)*57.3
        zt.RotateZ(angle+yRot) # vtk inverts order of rotations
        if xRot: zt.RotateY(-xRot)  # ..second
        zt.RotateX(90+zRot)         # ..first

        shift = 0
        if zlab: # this is the last created one..
            lt0, lt1 = zlab.GetBounds()[0:2]
            shift = lt1 - lt0
        zt.pos(-(zTitleOffset+zTickLength/5)*dx-shift,
               -(zTitleOffset+zTickLength/5)*dy-shift, zTitlePosition*dz)
        if zAxisRotation:
            zt.rotateZ(zAxisRotation, locally=False)
        if zxShift: zt.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        if zShiftAlongX: zt.shift(zShiftAlongX*dx,0,0)
        if zShiftAlongY: zt.shift(0,zShiftAlongY*dy,0)
        zt.SetUseBounds(zUseBounds)
        zt.name = f"ztitle {ztitle}"
        titles.append(zt)

    ################################################### header title
    if htitle:
        if hTitleFont is None:
            hTitleFont = titleFont
        if hTitleColor is None:
            hTitleColor = xTitleColor
        htit = shapes.Text3D(htitle, s=hTitleSize*gscale, font=hTitleFont,
                             c=hTitleColor, justify=hTitleJustify, depth=titleDepth,
                             italic=hTitleItalic)
        if hTitleRotation:
            htit.RotateX(hTitleRotation)
        wpos = [(0.5+hTitleOffset[0])*dx, (1+hTitleOffset[1])*dy, hTitleOffset[2]*dz]
        htit.pos(wpos)
        if xyShift: htit.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        htit.name = f"htitle {htitle}"
        titles.append(htit)

    ######
    acts = titles + lines + labels + grids + framelines + highlights \
           + majorticks + minorticks + cones

    orig = np.array([min_bns[0], min_bns[2], min_bns[4] - tol*gscale])
    for a in acts:
        a.PickableOff()
        a.AddPosition(orig)
        a.GetProperty().LightingOff()
    asse = Assembly(acts)
    asse.SetOrigin(orig)
    asse.PickableOff()
    asse.name = "Axes"
    return asse


def addGlobalAxes(axtype=None, c=None):
    """Draw axes on scene. Available axes types:

    :param int axtype:

        - 0,  no axes,
        - 1,  draw three gray grid walls
        - 2,  show cartesian axes from (0,0,0)
        - 3,  show positive range of cartesian axes from (0,0,0)
        - 4,  show a triad at bottom left
        - 5,  show a cube at bottom left
        - 6,  mark the corners of the bounding box
        - 7,  draw a 3D ruler at each side of the cartesian axes
        - 8,  show the ``vtkCubeAxesActor`` object
        - 9,  show the bounding box outLine
        - 10, show three circles representing the maximum bounding box
        - 11, show a large grid on the x-y plane (use with zoom=8)
        - 12, show polar axes
        - 13, draw a simple ruler at the bottom of the window
        - 14, show the vtk default vtkCameraOrientationWidget object

    Axis type-1 can be fully customized by passing a dictionary ``axes=dict()``,
    see ``Axes`` for the complete list of options.

        :Example:

            .. code-block:: python

                from vedo import Box, show
                b = Box(pos=(0,0,0), length=80, width=90, height=70).alpha(0.1)
                show(b, axes={ 'xtitle':'Some long variable [a.u.]',
                               'numberOfDivisions':4,
                               # ...
                             }
                )

    |customAxes| |customAxes.py|_
    """
    plt = vedo.plotter_instance
    if axtype is not None:
        plt.axes = axtype  # override

    r = plt.renderers.index(plt.renderer)

    if not plt.axes:
        return

    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        if np.sum(plt.renderer.GetBackground()) > 1.5:
            c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
    else:
        c = getColor(c) # for speed

    if not plt.renderer:
        return

    if plt.axes_instances[r]:
        return

    ############################################################
    # custom grid walls
    if plt.axes == 1 or plt.axes is True or isinstance(plt.axes, dict):

        if isinstance(plt.axes, dict):
            plt.axes.update({'useGlobal':True})
            asse = Axes(None, **plt.axes)
        else:
            asse = Axes(None, useGlobal=True)

        plt.renderer.AddActor(asse)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = asse


    elif plt.axes == 2 or plt.axes == 3:
        x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1 = plt.renderer.ComputeVisiblePropBounds()
        xcol, ycol, zcol = "dr", "dg", "db"
        s = 1
        alpha = 1
        centered = False
        dx, dy, dz = x1 - x0, y1 - y0, z1 - z0
        aves = np.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz) / 2
        x0, x1 = min(x0, 0), max(x1, 0)
        y0, y1 = min(y0, 0), max(y1, 0)
        z0, z1 = min(z0, 0), max(z1, 0)

        if plt.axes == 3:
            if x1 > 0:
                x0 = 0
            if y1 > 0:
                y0 = 0
            if z1 > 0:
                z0 = 0

        dx, dy, dz = x1 - x0, y1 - y0, z1 - z0
        acts = []
        if x0 * x1 <= 0 or y0 * z1 <= 0 or z0 * z1 <= 0:  # some ranges contain origin
            zero = shapes.Sphere(r=aves / 120 * s, c="k", alpha=alpha, res=10)
            acts += [zero]

        if dx > aves/100:
            xl = shapes.Cylinder([[x0, 0, 0], [x1, 0, 0]], r=aves/250*s, c=xcol, alpha=alpha)
            xc = shapes.Cone(pos=[x1, 0, 0], c=xcol, alpha=alpha,
                             r=aves/100*s, height=aves/25*s, axis=[1, 0, 0], res=10)
            wpos = [x1, -aves/25*s, 0]  # aligned to arrow tip
            if centered:
                wpos = [(x0 + x1) / 2, -aves / 25 * s, 0]
            xt = shapes.Text3D('x', pos=wpos, s=aves / 40 * s, c=xcol)
            acts += [xl, xc, xt]

        if dy > aves/100:
            yl = shapes.Cylinder([[0, y0, 0], [0, y1, 0]], r=aves/250*s, c=ycol, alpha=alpha)
            yc = shapes.Cone(pos=[0, y1, 0], c=ycol, alpha=alpha,
                             r=aves/100*s, height=aves/25*s, axis=[0, 1, 0], res=10)
            wpos = [-aves/40*s, y1, 0]
            if centered:
                wpos = [-aves / 40 * s, (y0 + y1) / 2, 0]
            yt = shapes.Text3D('y', pos=(0, 0, 0), s=aves / 40 * s, c=ycol)
            yt.pos(wpos).RotateZ(90)
            acts += [yl, yc, yt]

        if dz > aves/100:
            zl = shapes.Cylinder([[0, 0, z0], [0, 0, z1]], r=aves/250*s, c=zcol, alpha=alpha)
            zc = shapes.Cone(pos=[0, 0, z1], c=zcol, alpha=alpha,
                             r=aves/100*s, height=aves/25*s, axis=[0, 0, 1], res=10)
            wpos = [-aves/50*s, -aves/50*s, z1]
            if centered:
                wpos = [-aves/50*s, -aves/50*s, (z0+z1)/2]
            zt = shapes.Text3D('z', pos=(0,0,0), s=aves/40*s, c=zcol)
            zt.pos(wpos).RotateZ(45)
            zt.RotateX(90)
            acts += [zl, zc, zt]
        for a in acts:
            a.PickableOff()
        ass = Assembly(acts)
        ass.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ass)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ass

    elif plt.axes == 4:
        axact = vtk.vtkAxesActor()
        axact.SetShaftTypeToCylinder()
        axact.SetCylinderRadius(0.03)
        axact.SetXAxisLabelText('x')
        axact.SetYAxisLabelText('y')
        axact.SetZAxisLabelText('z')
        axact.GetXAxisShaftProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 0)
        axact.GetYAxisShaftProperty().SetColor(0, 1, 0)
        axact.GetZAxisShaftProperty().SetColor(0, 0, 1)
        axact.GetXAxisTipProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 0)
        axact.GetYAxisTipProperty().SetColor(0, 1, 0)
        axact.GetZAxisTipProperty().SetColor(0, 0, 1)
        bc = np.array(plt.renderer.GetBackground())
        if np.sum(bc) < 1.5:
            lc = (1, 1, 1)
        else:
            lc = (0, 0, 0)
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().BoldOff()
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().BoldOff()
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().BoldOff()
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().SetColor(lc)
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().SetColor(lc)
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().SetColor(lc)
        axact.PickableOff()
        icn = addIcon(axact, size=0.1)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = icn

    elif plt.axes == 5:
        axact = vtk.vtkAnnotatedCubeActor()
        axact.GetCubeProperty().SetColor(getColor(settings.annotatedCubeColor))
        axact.SetTextEdgesVisibility(0)
        axact.SetFaceTextScale(settings.annotatedCubeTextScale)
        axact.SetXPlusFaceText (settings.annotatedCubeTexts[0])  #XPlus
        axact.SetXMinusFaceText(settings.annotatedCubeTexts[1])  #XMinus
        axact.SetYPlusFaceText (settings.annotatedCubeTexts[2])  #YPlus
        axact.SetYMinusFaceText(settings.annotatedCubeTexts[3])  #YMinus
        axact.SetZPlusFaceText (settings.annotatedCubeTexts[4])  #ZPlus
        axact.SetZMinusFaceText(settings.annotatedCubeTexts[5])  #ZMinus
        axact.SetZFaceTextRotation(90)

        if settings.annotatedCubeTextColor is None: # use default
            axact.GetXPlusFaceProperty().SetColor( getColor("r"))
            axact.GetXMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(getColor("dr"))
            axact.GetYPlusFaceProperty().SetColor( getColor("g"))
            axact.GetYMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(getColor("dg"))
            axact.GetZPlusFaceProperty().SetColor( getColor("b"))
            axact.GetZMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(getColor("db"))
        else: # use single user color
            ac = getColor(getColor(settings.annotatedCubeTextColor))
            axact.GetXPlusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetXMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetYPlusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetYMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetZPlusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetZMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)

        axact.PickableOff()
        icn = addIcon(axact, size=0.06)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = icn

    elif plt.axes == 6:
        ocf = vtk.vtkOutlineCornerFilter()
        ocf.SetCornerFactor(0.1)
        largestact, sz = None, -1
        for a in plt.actors:
            if a.GetPickable():
                b = a.GetBounds()
                if b is None:
                    return
                d = max(b[1]-b[0], b[3]-b[2], b[5]-b[4])
                if sz < d:
                    largestact = a
                    sz = d
        if isinstance(largestact, Assembly):
            ocf.SetInputData(largestact.unpack(0).GetMapper().GetInput())
        else:
            ocf.SetInputData(largestact.GetMapper().GetInput())
        ocf.Update()
        ocMapper = vtk.vtkHierarchicalPolyDataMapper()
        ocMapper.SetInputConnection(0, ocf.GetOutputPort(0))
        ocActor = vtk.vtkActor()
        ocActor.SetMapper(ocMapper)
        bc = np.array(plt.renderer.GetBackground())
        if np.sum(bc) < 1.5:
            lc = (1, 1, 1)
        else:
            lc = (0, 0, 0)
        ocActor.GetProperty().SetColor(lc)
        ocActor.PickableOff()
        ocActor.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ocActor)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ocActor

    elif plt.axes == 7:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        rulax = RulerAxes(vbb, c=c,
                          xtitle='x - ',
                          ytitle='y - ',
                          ztitle='z - ')
        plt.axes_instances[r] = rulax
        if not rulax:
            return None
        rulax.UseBoundsOff()
        rulax.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(rulax)

    elif plt.axes == 8:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        ca = vtk.vtkCubeAxesActor()
        ca.SetBounds(vbb)
        ca.SetCamera(plt.renderer.GetActiveCamera())
        ca.GetXAxesLinesProperty().SetColor(c)
        ca.GetYAxesLinesProperty().SetColor(c)
        ca.GetZAxesLinesProperty().SetColor(c)
        for i in range(3):
            ca.GetLabelTextProperty(i).SetColor(c)
            ca.GetTitleTextProperty(i).SetColor(c)
        ca.SetTitleOffset(5)
        ca.SetFlyMode(3)
        ca.SetXTitle('x')
        ca.SetYTitle('y')
        ca.SetZTitle('z')
#        if plt.xtitle == "":
#            ca.SetXAxisVisibility(0)
#            ca.XAxisLabelVisibilityOff()
#        if plt.ytitle == "":
#            ca.SetYAxisVisibility(0)
#            ca.YAxisLabelVisibilityOff()
#        if plt.ztitle == "":
#            ca.SetZAxisVisibility(0)
#            ca.ZAxisLabelVisibilityOff()
        ca.PickableOff()
        ca.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ca)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ca

    elif plt.axes == 9:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        src = vtk.vtkCubeSource()
        src.SetXLength(vbb[1] - vbb[0])
        src.SetYLength(vbb[3] - vbb[2])
        src.SetZLength(vbb[5] - vbb[4])
        src.Update()
        ca = Mesh(src.GetOutput(), c, 0.5).wireframe(True)
        ca.pos((vbb[0] + vbb[1]) / 2, (vbb[3] + vbb[2]) / 2, (vbb[5] + vbb[4]) / 2)
        ca.PickableOff()
        ca.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ca)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ca

    elif plt.axes == 10:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        x0 = (vbb[0] + vbb[1]) / 2, (vbb[3] + vbb[2]) / 2, (vbb[5] + vbb[4]) / 2
        rx, ry, rz = (vbb[1]-vbb[0])/2, (vbb[3]-vbb[2])/2, (vbb[5]-vbb[4])/2
        rm = max(rx, ry, rz)
        xc = shapes.Disc(x0, r1=rm, r2=rm, c='lr', res=(1,72))
        yc = shapes.Disc(x0, r1=rm, r2=rm, c='lg', res=(1,72))
        yc.RotateX(90)
        zc = shapes.Disc(x0, r1=rm, r2=rm, c='lb', res=(1,72))
        yc.RotateY(90)
        xc.clean().alpha(0.5).wireframe().lineWidth(2).PickableOff()
        yc.clean().alpha(0.5).wireframe().lineWidth(2).PickableOff()
        zc.clean().alpha(0.5).wireframe().lineWidth(2).PickableOff()
        ca = xc + yc + zc
        ca.PickableOff()
        ca.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ca)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ca

    elif plt.axes == 11:
        vbb, ss = computeVisibleBounds()[0:2]
        xpos, ypos = (vbb[1] + vbb[0]) /2, (vbb[3] + vbb[2]) /2
        gs = sum(ss)*3
        gr = shapes.Grid((xpos, ypos, vbb[4]), sx=gs, sy=gs,
                          resx=11, resy=11, c=c, alpha=0.1)
        gr.lighting('off').PickableOff()
        gr.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(gr)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = gr

    elif plt.axes == 12:
        polaxes = vtk.vtkPolarAxesActor()
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]

        polaxes.SetPolarAxisTitle('radial distance')
#        if plt.xtitle == 'x':
#            polaxes.SetPolarAxisTitle('radial distance')
#        else:
#            polaxes.SetPolarAxisTitle(plt.xtitle)
        polaxes.SetPole(0,0, vbb[4])
        rd = max(abs(vbb[0]), abs(vbb[2]), abs(vbb[1]), abs(vbb[3]))
        polaxes.SetMaximumRadius(rd)
        polaxes.AutoSubdividePolarAxisOff()
        polaxes.SetNumberOfPolarAxisTicks(10)
        polaxes.SetCamera(plt.renderer.GetActiveCamera())
        polaxes.SetPolarLabelFormat("%6.1f")
        polaxes.PolarLabelVisibilityOff() # due to bad overlap of labels

        polaxes.GetPolarArcsProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetPolarAxisProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetPolarAxisTitleTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetPolarAxisLabelTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetLastRadialAxisTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetSecondaryRadialAxesTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetSecondaryRadialAxesProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetSecondaryPolarArcsProperty().SetColor(c)

        polaxes.SetMinimumAngle(0.)
        polaxes.SetMaximumAngle(315.)
        polaxes.SetNumberOfPolarAxisTicks(5)
        polaxes.UseBoundsOff()
        polaxes.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(polaxes)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = polaxes

    elif plt.axes == 13:
        # draws a simple ruler at the bottom of the window
        ls = vtk.vtkLegendScaleActor()
        ls.RightAxisVisibilityOff()
        ls.TopAxisVisibilityOff()
        ls.LegendVisibilityOff()
        ls.LeftAxisVisibilityOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().SetNumberOfMinorTicks(1)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetProperty().SetColor(c)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().BoldOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        pr = ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty()
        pr.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        pr.SetFontFile(utils.getFontPath(settings.defaultFont))
        ls.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ls)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ls

    elif plt.axes == 14:
        try:
            cow = vtk.vtkCameraOrientationWidget()
            cow.SetParentRenderer(plt.renderer)
            cow.On()
            plt.axes_instances[r] = cow
        except AttributeError:
            vedo.logger.warning("axes mode 14 is unavailable in this vtk version")

    else:
        e = '\bomb Keyword axes type must be in range [0-13].'
        e+= 'Available axes types are:\n\n'
        e+= '0 = no axes\n'
        e+= '1 = draw three customizable gray grid walls\n'
        e+= '2 = show cartesian axes from (0,0,0)\n'
        e+= '3 = show positive range of cartesian axes from (0,0,0)\n'
        e+= '4 = show a triad at bottom left\n'
        e+= '5 = show a cube at bottom left\n'
        e+= '6 = mark the corners of the bounding box\n'
        e+= '7 = draw a 3D ruler at each side of the cartesian axes\n'
        e+= '8 = show the vtk default vtkCubeAxesActor object\n'
        e+= '9 = show the bounding box outline\n'
        e+= '10 = show three circles representing the maximum bounding box\n'
        e+= '11 = show a large grid on the x-y plane (use with zoom=8)\n'
        e+= '12 = show polar axes\n'
        e+= '13 = draw a simple ruler at the bottom of the window\n'
        e+= '14 = show the vtk default vtkCameraOrientationWidget object'
        vedo.logger.warning(e)

    if not plt.axes_instances[r]:
        plt.axes_instances[r] = True
    return
