exceptions in VM not propagating
### Nim Version

2.3.1

### Description

Hi!

TLDR: exceptions in VM cannot propagate to user side

I was trying to add to VM a new hook `justRaise`, which is implemented in nim side and it would possibly raise several exceptions which are supposed to be handled by user code. But it seems those ex not propagating to user.

my modifications:
```
diff --git a/compiler/vmops.nim b/compiler/vmops.nim
index 8b0b8b5c7..f5d701dfb 100644
--- a/compiler/vmops.nim
+++ b/compiler/vmops.nim
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ when declared(math.signbit):
 
 
 from std/envvars import getEnv, existsEnv, delEnv, putEnv, envPairs
-from std/os import getAppFilename
+from std/os import getAppFilename, justRaise
 from std/private/oscommon import dirExists, fileExists
 from std/private/osdirs import walkDir, createDir
 from std/private/ospaths2 import getCurrentDir
@@ -283,6 +283,9 @@ proc registerAdditionalOps*(c: PCtx) =
   registerCallback c, "stdlib.os.getCurrentCompilerExe", proc (a: VmArgs) {.nimcall.} =
     setResult(a, getAppFilename())
 
+  registerCallback c, "stdlib.os.justRaise", proc (a: VmArgs) {.nimcall.} =
+    setResult(a, justRaise())
+
   registerCallback c, "stdlib.macros.symBodyHash", proc (a: VmArgs) =
     let n = getNode(a, 0)
     if n.kind != nkSym:
diff --git a/lib/pure/os.nim b/lib/pure/os.nim
index 1fac8f874..2be149e13 100644
--- a/lib/pure/os.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/os.nim
@@ -645,6 +645,17 @@ when defined(haiku):
     else:
       result = ""
 
+
+proc callfurtherfurther() =
+  raise newException(ValueError, "by JustRaise")
+
+proc callfurther() =
+  callfurtherfurther()
+
+proc justRaise*(): bool =
+  callfurther()
+  return false
+
 when supportedSystem:
   proc getAppFilename*(): string {.rtl, extern: "nos$1", tags: [ReadIOEffect], noWeirdTarget, raises: [].} =
     ## Returns the filename of the application's executable.

```

### Current Output

```
$ cat test.nims
import std/[os] 

try:
  discard justRaise()
except:
  let e = getCurrentException()
  echo "err:", e.repr()
```

```text
$ nim --hints:off test.nims
os.nim(650)              callfurtherfurther
Error: unhandled exception: by JustRaise [ValueError]
```

### Expected Output


### Known Workarounds

_No response_

### Additional Information

_No response_