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651678	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semmes%2C%20Alabama	Semmes, Alabama	Semmes (pronounced , locally ) is a city in western Mobile County, Alabama, United States. Cities in Alabama	<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Alabama, United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Alabama, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Semmes, Alabama</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Semmes,_Alabama.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Semmes, Alabama"><img alt="Flag of Semmes, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png/100px-Flag_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png/150px-Flag_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png/200px-Flag_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Semmes,_Alabama.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Semmes, Alabama"><img alt="Official seal of Semmes, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Seal_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png/100px-Seal_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Seal_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png/150px-Seal_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Seal_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png/200px-Seal_of_Semmes%2C_Alabama.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Mobile County, Alabama"><img alt="Location in Mobile County, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg/250px-Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg/375px-Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg/500px-Mobile_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Semmes_Highlighted_0169240.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="502" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Mobile County, Alabama</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Semmes,_Alabama&params=30.778_N_88.259_W_region:US_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°46′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">88°15′32″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.778°N 88.259°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.778; -88.259</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Alabama" title="List of counties in Alabama">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Mobile County, Alabama">Mobile</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brandon Van Hook</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">14.63 sq mi (37.89 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">14.60 sq mi (37.80 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.04 sq mi (0.09 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">217 ft (66 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">4,941</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">338.52/sq mi (130.71/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-6" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-6">UTC-6</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5">UTC-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">36575<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_251" title="Area code 251">251</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01-69240</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofsemmesal.gov">cityofsemmesal<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Semmes</b> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>, locally <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a city in western <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Mobile County, Alabama">Mobile County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_metropolitan_area" title="Mobile metropolitan area">Mobile metropolitan area</a>. It was incorporated in 2011. As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, the population was 4,941.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2020_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The community was named for <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Semmes" title="Raphael Semmes">Raphael Semmes</a> (1809–1877), an officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> from 1826 to 1861 and the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Confederate States Navy</a> from 1861 to 1865. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incorporation">Incorporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Incorporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 3, 2010, the members of the Friends of Semmes and the associated Incorporate Semmes organizations presented Mobile County Probate Judge Don Davis with a petition seeking to incorporate an area within the Semmes community as the City of Semmes. The proposed incorporation did not include the entire area known as Semmes due to certain population density requirements of Alabama state law. Judge Davis set the date for the referendum as Tuesday, August 17, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After voting closed, unofficial returns showed the plebiscite passing with 74.19% of the voters in favor of incorporation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some voters complained about the "zig-zag" nature of the proposed city limits, which excluded some areas of the community from the vote, with some referring to the proposed city as a <a href="/wiki/Gerrymander" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrymander">gerrymander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the election was certified in August, the Mobile County Probate Judge ordered an enumeration, or census, of the citizens of the new municipality, in accordance with Alabama law. The enumeration was completed in late April 2011, and the city was declared incorporated by the Probate Judge on May 2, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Probate Judge set the date of the first municipal election to be June 28, 2011, to elect the mayor and the five at-large city council seats.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Mobile, upon the issuance of the order of incorporation, removed Semmes from its police, fire, and planning extraterritorial jurisdictions, and no longer provides any services or collects any taxes in the area. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg/220px-Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg/330px-Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg/440px-Mayor_Brandon_Van_Hook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Mayor Brandon B. Van Hook</figcaption></figure> <p>Only one person, Judy Hale, filed with the Probate Judge to run for the office of Mayor, and, as such, was deemed elected without an election taking place. Likewise, only five citizens qualified to run for the five at-large City Council seats, and were subsequently deemed elected. The council members were Jerry Shirey, Dave Baker, Mary Calhoun, Phillip Dodd, and Teresa Bonner. They took the oath of office at the first Semmes City Council meeting on June 6, 2011. </p><p>The current mayor of Semmes is Brandon Van Hook, a local business owner. He was elected in August 2020 and replaced incumbent Mayor David Baker who only served one term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future">Future</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leaders of the incorporation effort stated to members of the local media and to some citizens not included in the incorporation area that future plans included several annexations of the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semmes is located in west-central Mobile County at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Semmes,_Alabama&params=30_46_40_N_88_15_32_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°46′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">88°15′32″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.77778°N 88.25889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.77778; -88.25889</span></span></span></a></span></span>. The <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> is 244 feet (74 m) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 11 miles (18 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Prichard,_Alabama" title="Prichard, Alabama">Prichard</a> and 15 miles (24 km) northwest of downtown <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_98" title="U.S. Route 98">U.S. Route 98</a> (Moffett Road) is the main highway through Semmes, leading southeast into Mobile and northwest 77 miles (124 km) to <a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="Hattiesburg, Mississippi">Hattiesburg, Mississippi</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, the city of Semmes has a total area of 14.6 square miles (38 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 0.04 square miles (0.10 km<sup>2</sup>), or 0.24%, are water.<sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semmes is on the central <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a> and has a subtropical climate, which consists of warm, wet winters and very hot, very humid summers. Semmes is also vulnerable to hurricanes, which the area frequently experiences. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy; height:17px;">Month </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Jan </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Feb </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Mar </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Apr </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">May </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Jun </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Jul </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Aug </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Sep </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Oct </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Nov </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Dec </th> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Avg high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background:#393; color:black;">60 </td> <td style="background:#393; color:black;">64 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">71 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">79 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800; color: black;">85 </td> <td style="background:#f00; color:black;">90 </td> <td style="background:#f00; color:black;">91 </td> <td style="background:#f00; color:black;">91 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800; color: black;">87 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800; color: black;">80 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">70 </td> <td style="background:#393; color:black;">63 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">77 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy; height:16px;">Avg low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background:#609; color:black;">40 </td> <td style="background:#609; color:black;">43 </td> <td style="background:#63c; color:black;">50 </td> <td style="background:#99c; color:black;">58 </td> <td style="background:#393; color:black;">64 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">71 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">73 </td> <td style="background:#fd0; color:black;">73 </td> <td style="background:#393; color:black;">69 </td> <td style="background:#9f3; color:black;">57 </td> <td style="background:#99c; color:black;">49 </td> <td style="background:#63c; color:black;">43 </td> <td style="background:#99c; color:black;">57 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Rainfall (in inches) </th> <td style="background:#6cf;">4.8 </td> <td style="background:#393;">5.5 </td> <td style="background:#26a;">6.4 </td> <td style="background:#6cf;">4.5 </td> <td style="background:#393;">5.7 </td> <td style="background:#393;">5.0 </td> <td style="background:#26a;">6.9 </td> <td style="background:#fd0;">7.0 </td> <td style="background:#393;">5.9 </td> <td style="background:#99c;">2.9 </td> <td style="background:#6cf;">4.1 </td> <td style="background:#393;">5.3 </td> <td style="background:#f00;">64 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccc; color:navy;">Relative Humidity(%) </th> <td style="background:#99c;">59.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">73.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">72.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">72.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">74.0 </td> <td style="background:#f00;">76.5 </td> <td style="background:#f00;">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">70.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8800;">72.0 </td> <td style="background:#f00;">75.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><i>Source: Climate Zone</i><sup id="cite_ref-climate_zone_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate_zone-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>4,941</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2020_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Semmes racial composition<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race </th> <th>Num. </th> <th>Perc. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>3,828 </td> <td>77.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">Black or African American</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>569 </td> <td>11.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a> </td> <td>54 </td> <td>1.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Other/Mixed</a> </td> <td>225 </td> <td>4.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> </td> <td>223 </td> <td>4.51% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, there were 4,941 people, 2,243 households, and 1,446 families residing in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semmes is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Secondary</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_G._Montgomery_High_School" title="Mary G. Montgomery High School">Mary G. Montgomery High School</a> (9-12)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Semmes Middle School (6-8)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Primary (all K-5)<sup id="cite_ref-SemmesESzones_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SemmesESzones-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <ul><li>Semmes Elementary<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allentown Elementary<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Elementary schools serving nearby areas outside of the city limits:<sup id="cite_ref-SemmesESzones_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SemmesESzones-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Elsie Collier Elementary School<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tanner Williams Elementary School<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Turner Elementary<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Private schools:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes_First_Baptist_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semmes First Baptist School (page does not exist)">Semmes First Baptist School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semmes is in proximity to five tertiary institutions:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_State_Community_College" title="Bishop State Community College">Bishop State Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faulkner_University" title="Faulkner University">Faulkner University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a> Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill_College" title="Spring Hill College">Spring Hill College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mobile" title="University of Mobile">University of Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Alabama" title="University of South Alabama">University of South Alabama</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks">Parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_park">Community park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Community park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first community park in Semmes opened on February 3, 2007. The 10,400 sq ft (970 m<sup>2</sup>) park was built adjacent to the Semmes Community Center at a cost of $600,000.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semmes_Heritage_Park">Semmes Heritage Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Semmes Heritage Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semmes School is the oldest continuously in-use school in the state of Alabama and is listed as an Alabama Historical Landmark. In 1994, a group of volunteers, former students, teachers and community citizens formed "Alumni & Friends of Semmes School, Inc." to preserve the 1902 one-room Semmes School and return it to its original location. The Mobile County School Board had planned to tear down the school when concerned citizens formed a group to save to school. The School Board gave a 99-year lease to the group and moved the school back to its original site. The school was restored to its 1902 status in 1998 by volunteers and donations, and continues to operate with volunteers as a hands-on 1900s school. Malone Chapel is a replica of Mt. Pleasant Church that was located on this exact spot. The chapel is rented for weddings and special events with the funds going towards operational expenses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Peavy" title="Jake Peavy">Jake Peavy</a>, MLB pitcher<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Staten" title="Ralph Staten">Ralph Staten</a>, NFL player<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_01.txt">"2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2021+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2021_Gazetteer%2F2021_gaz_place_01.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2020_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2020_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2020_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US0169240&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1">"Semmes city, Alabama: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semmes+city%2C+Alabama%3A+2020+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3D%26g%3D1600000US0169240%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zipdatamaps.com/36575">"Semmes AL ZIP Code"</a>. zipdatamaps.com. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semmes+AL+ZIP+Code&rft.pub=zipdatamaps.com&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zipdatamaps.com%2F36575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.incorporatesemmes.org/history.htm">"Incorporate Semmes Website"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incorporate+Semmes+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.incorporatesemmes.org%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.al.com/live/2010/08/semmes_voters_approve_incorpor.html">"Semmes voters overwhelmingly approve incorporation"</a>. August 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semmes+voters+overwhelmingly+approve+incorporation&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.al.com%2Flive%2F2010%2F08%2Fsemmes_voters_approve_incorpor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.local15tv.com/news/local/story/Semmes-Voters-Approve-Incorporation/gXqbQdhdoUatgfmrYohxcg.cspx">"Semmes Voters NBC LOCAL 15"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semmes+Voters+NBC+LOCAL+15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.local15tv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fstory%2FSemmes-Voters-Approve-Incorporation%2FgXqbQdhdoUatgfmrYohxcg.cspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofsemmes.org/semmes%20incorporation%20order.pdf">"Semmes order of incorporation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semmes+order+of+incorporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityofsemmes.org%2Fsemmes%2520incorporation%2520order.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://probate.mobilecountyal.gov/">"Probate Court News"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Probate+Court+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprobate.mobilecountyal.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/pages/City-of-Semmes-Alabama/121232547926724">"City of Semmes Facebook Page"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=City+of+Semmes+Facebook+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fhome.php%23%21%2Fpages%2FCity-of-Semmes-Alabama%2F121232547926724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=30.77800,-88.25900&z=15&t=U&marker0=30.77800%2C-88.25900%2CSemmes%20AL">"Semmes Community Profile"</a>. <i>ACME Mapper U.S. Geological Survey maps: Semmes, AL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACME+Mapper+U.S.+Geological+Survey+maps%3A+Semmes%2C+AL&rft.atitle=Semmes+Community+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapper.acme.com%2F%3Fll%3D30.77800%2C-88.25900%26z%3D15%26t%3DU%26marker0%3D30.77800%252C-88.25900%252CSemmes%2520AL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climate_zone-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-climate_zone_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/united-states/alabama/mobile/">"<i>Mobile</i>"</a>. <i>Climate-Zone.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate-Zone.com&rft.atitle=Mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate-zone.com%2Fclimate%2Funited-states%2Falabama%2Fmobile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US0169240&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US0169240%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityofsemmesal.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Semmes-Jurisdictions-2018.pdf">Semmes Jurisdictions</a>." City of Semmes. Retrieved on November 29, 2018. Used in combation with school attendance boundary maps</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityofsemmesal.gov/our-community/education/high-school/">High School</a>." City of Semmes. Retrieved on November 29, 2018. Also: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Montgomery%20High%20School.pdf">Montgomery High School Attendance Zone</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofsemmesal.gov/our-community/education/middle-schools/">Middle Schools</a>." City of Semmes. Retrieved on November 29, 2018. Also: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Semmes%20Middle.pdf">Semmes Middle School Attendance Zone</a>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SemmesESzones-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SemmesESzones_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SemmesESzones_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofsemmesal.gov/our-community/education/elementary-schools/">Elementary Schools</a>." City of Semmes. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Semmes%20Elementary.pdf">Semmes Elementary Attendance Zone</a>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Allentown%20Elementary.pdf">Allentown Attendance Zone</a>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Collier%20Revised%205-28-13.pdf">Collier Attendance Zone</a>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018. Revised May 28, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcpss.com/Download.asp?L=2&LMID=289110&PN=DocumentUploads&DivisionID=2150&DepartmentID=7061&SubDepartmentID=&SubP=&Act=Download&T=1&I=267334">See Collier and Taylor changes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Tanner%20Williams%20NEW.pdf">Tanner Williams New Attendance Zone</a>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Tanner%20Williams%20OLD.pdf">Former attendance zone</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/MCPSS/MobileCounty/Departments/DocumentsCategories/Documents/Turner%20Elementary.pdf">Turner</a>." <a href="/wiki/Mobile_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile County Public Schools">Mobile County Public Schools</a>. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityofsemmesal.gov/our-community/education/private-schools/">Private Schools</a>." City of Semmes. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityofsemmesal.gov/our-community/education/colleges/">Colleges</a>." City of Semmes. Retrieved on November 29, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103085555/http://www.siteone.com/towns/MobileCounty/countynews.shtml">"Mobile Co. Commission..."</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siteone.com/towns/MobileCounty/countynews.shtml">the original</a> on November 3, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobile+Co.+Commission...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siteone.com%2Ftowns%2FMobileCounty%2Fcountynews.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter" class="citation web cs1">Center, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050407/news_1s7peavy.html">"It all started in Semmes"</a>. Union-Tribune Publishing Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+all+started+in+Semmes&rft.pub=Union-Tribune+Publishing+Company&rft.aulast=Center&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utsandiego.com%2Funiontrib%2F20050407%2Fnews_1s7peavy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClary2013" class="citation web cs1">Clary, Gareth (December 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.gulflive.com/mississippi-press-sports/2013/12/former_alabama_football_player.html">"Former Alabama football player Ralph Staten arrested after high-speed chase in George County"</a>. <i>GulfLive.com</i>. Alabama Media Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GulfLive.com&rft.atitle=Former+Alabama+football+player+Ralph+Staten+arrested+after+high-speed+chase+in+George+County&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.aulast=Clary&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.gulflive.com%2Fmississippi-press-sports%2F2013%2F12%2Fformer_alabama_football_player.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemmes%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semmes,_Alabama&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" 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Alabama">Bayou La Batre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw,_Alabama" title="Chickasaw, Alabama">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citronelle,_Alabama" title="Citronelle, Alabama">Citronelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creola,_Alabama" title="Creola, Alabama">Creola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prichard,_Alabama" title="Prichard, Alabama">Prichard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraland,_Alabama" title="Saraland, Alabama">Saraland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma,_Alabama" title="Satsuma, Alabama">Satsuma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semmes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Alabama highlighting Mobile County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Mobile_County.svg/63px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Mobile_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Mobile_County.svg/95px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Mobile_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Mobile_County.svg/126px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Mobile_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="1018" /></span><figcaption>Map of Alabama highlighting Mobile County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_Island,_Alabama" title="Dauphin Island, Alabama">Dauphin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Alabama" title="Mount Vernon, Alabama">Mount Vernon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis,_Alabama" title="Axis, Alabama">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Fontaine,_Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Belle Fontaine, Mobile County, Alabama">Belle Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucks,_Alabama" title="Bucks, Alabama">Bucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert,_Alabama" title="Calvert, Alabama">Calvert</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunchula,_Alabama" title="Chunchula, Alabama">Chunchula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bay,_Alabama" title="Grand Bay, Alabama">Grand Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfcrest,_Alabama" title="Gulfcrest, Alabama">Gulfcrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movico,_Alabama" title="Movico, Alabama">Movico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore,_Alabama" title="Theodore, Alabama">Theodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillmans_Corner,_Alabama" title="Tillmans Corner, Alabama">Tillmans Corner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Port,_Alabama" title="Alabama Port, Alabama">Alabama Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs,_Alabama" title="Churchill Downs, Alabama">Churchill Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverdale,_Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Cloverdale, Mobile County, Alabama">Cloverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coden,_Alabama" title="Coden, Alabama">Coden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford,_Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Crawford, Mobile County, Alabama">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Mile,_Alabama" title="Eight Mile, Alabama">Eight Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernland,_Alabama" title="Fernland, Alabama">Fernland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Bay,_Alabama" title="Heron Bay, Alabama">Heron Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvington,_Alabama" title="Irvington, Alabama">Irvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushla,_Alabama" title="Kushla, Alabama">Kushla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Moyne,_Alabama" title="Le Moyne, Alabama">Le Moyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyds,_Alabama" title="Lloyds, Alabama">Lloyds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauvilla,_Alabama" title="Mauvilla, Alabama">Mauvilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Louis,_Alabama" title="Mon Louis, Alabama">Mon Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania,_Alabama" title="Pennsylvania, Alabama">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Elmo,_Alabama" title="St. Elmo, Alabama">St. Elmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_Williams,_Alabama" title="Tanner Williams, Alabama">Tanner Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Church,_Alabama" title="Union Church, Alabama">Union Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistler,_Alabama" title="Whistler, Alabama">Whistler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmer,_Alabama" title="Wilmer, Alabama">Wilmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Mills,_Alabama" title="Beaver Mills, Alabama">Beaver Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOWA_Band_of_Choctaw_Indians" title="MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians">MOWA Choctaw Reservation</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alabama_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Alabama (state)"><span>Alabama portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit 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318795	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melancholy	Melancholy	Melancholia, a mood disorder to do with depression Major depressive disorder, clinical depression Melancholic, one of the four temperaments theory of psychology	<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melancholy" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:melancholy">melancholy</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Melancholy</b> may refer to: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melancholia" title="Melancholia">Melancholia</a>, one of the four temperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology, representing a state of low mood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression (mood)</a>, a state of low mood, also known as melancholy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">Major depressive disorder</a>, a mood disorder historically called melancholy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_books">Arts and books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melancholy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Arts and books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_(novel)" title="Melancholy (novel)"><i>Melancholy</i> (novel)</a>, a 1995 novel by Jon Fosse</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_II" title="Melancholy II">Melancholy II</a></i> or <i>Melancholia II</i>, a 1996 novella by Jon Fosse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_(Munch)" title="Melancholy (Munch)"><i>Melancholy</i> (Munch)</a>, an 1891–1893 series of paintings by Edvard Munch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_(Hayez)" title="Melancholy (Hayez)"><i>Melancholy</i> (Hayez)</a>, an 1840-1841 painting by Francesco Hayez</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melancholy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_(album)" title="Melancholy (album)"><i>Melancholy</i> (album)</a>, a 1999 live free jazz album by Cecil Taylor's Workshop Ensemble</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_(song)" title="Melancholy (song)">"Melancholy" (song)</a>, an environmental song by 365 Nepali artists 2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melancholy_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melancholy (documentary)"><i>Melancholy</i> (documentary)</a>, a 2018 documentary based on environmental research studies of the regions of Nepal from 2013 to 2018</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Melancolie" title="Melancolie">Melancolie</a>", a 1983 Moldovan song written by Grigore Vieru</li> <li>"Melancholy", a 1998 song by Iced Earth from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(Iced_Earth_album)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (Iced Earth album)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i></li> <li>"Melancholy", a 2017 song by the rapper <a href="/wiki/Murs_(rapper)" title="Murs (rapper)">Murs</a></li> <li>"Melancholy", a 2009 song by Timothy B. Schmit from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Expando" title="Expando">Expando</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melancholy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melancholia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Melancholia (disambiguation)">Melancholia (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Malinconia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="La Malinconia (disambiguation)">La Malinconia (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Topics referred to by the same term</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style> <div role="note" id="disambigbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-disambig"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disambig_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Disambiguation icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/45px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/60px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><div class="dmbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Help:Disambiguation" title="Help:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a> page lists articles associated with the title <b>Melancholy</b>.<br /><small>If an <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Melancholy&namespace=0">internal link</a> led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.</small></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5f5c4f7cdc‐2qbk2 Cached time: 20240915181311 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.110 seconds Real time usage: 0.153 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2647/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5849/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1252/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2172/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.044/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1211091/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 133.823 1 -total 66.96% 89.604 1 Template:Disambiguation 32.93% 44.068 1 Template:Wiktionary 31.34% 41.936 1 Template:Sister_project 30.07% 40.244 1 Template:Side_box 29.22% 39.100 1 Template:Dmbox 21.66% 28.992 4 Template:Main_other 21.40% 28.634 1 Template:Disambiguation_page_short_description 20.21% 27.050 1 Template:Short_description 11.10% 14.860 1 Template:Category_handler --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34595316-0!canonical and timestamp 20240915181311 and revision id 1228871319. 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601084	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malix	Malix	Malix was a municipality of the district of Plessur of the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Malix and Parpan merged into the municipality of Churwalden. Other websites Former municipalities of Graubünden Villages in Graubünden	<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former municipality in Graubünden, Switzerland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Malix</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="List of former municipalities of Switzerland">Former municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_(1500_meter)_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_%281500_meter%29_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg/265px-Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_%281500_meter%29_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_%281500_meter%29_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg/398px-Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_%281500_meter%29_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_%281500_meter%29_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg/530px-Bergtocht_van_Churwalden_Mittelberg_%281500_meter%29_via_Ranculier_en_Praden_naar_Tschiertschen_012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5074" data-file-height="2456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malix_wappen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Malix"><img alt="Coat of arms of Malix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Malix_wappen.svg/60px-Malix_wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Malix_wappen.svg/90px-Malix_wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Malix_wappen.svg/120px-Malix_wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Malix</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_6e1c656d89fe375dbf5a2aded228a529119ad724"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Malix&revid=1215073392&groups=_6e1c656d89fe375dbf5a2aded228a529119ad724" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,[email protected]?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Malix&revid=1215073392&groups=_6e1c656d89fe375dbf5a2aded228a529119ad724 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malix is located in Switzerland"><img alt="Malix is located in Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.372%;left:75.857%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malix"><img alt="Malix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Malix</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Switzerland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Malix is located in Canton of Graubünden"><img alt="Malix is located in Canton of Graubünden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png/375px-Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Graub%C3%BCnden_blank.png 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="3252" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.249%;left:46.696%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malix"><img alt="Malix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Malix</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canton of Graubünden</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malix&params=46_49_N_9_31_E_region:CH-GR_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.817°N 9.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.817; 9.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Switzerland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Graubünden">Graubünden</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Canton_of_Graubünden" title="Districts of Switzerland">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plessur_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plessur (district)">Plessur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">12.56 km<sup>2</sup> (4.85 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,116 m (3,661 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(December 2008)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">709</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">56/km<sup>2</sup> (150/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Switzerland" title="Time in Switzerland">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Postal codes in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">7074</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_Identification_Number#Switzerland" title="Community Identification Number">SFOS number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3912</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-GR</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surrounded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Churwalden" title="Churwalden">Churwalden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domat/Ems" title="Domat/Ems">Domat/Ems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scheid" title="Scheid">Scheid</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kreis-churwalden.ch/gdemalix">www<wbr />.kreis-churwalden<wbr />.ch<wbr />/gdemalix</a></span> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/maps/profile/profile.html?226.3912.en.geoRefStandard">SFSO statistics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Malix</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">municipality</a> in the district of <a href="/wiki/Plessur_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plessur (district)">Plessur</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Malix and <a href="/wiki/Parpan" title="Parpan">Parpan</a> merged into the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Churwalden" title="Churwalden">Churwalden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fusion_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fusion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malix is first mentioned in 1149 as <i>in Umbilico</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Malix,_Blick_nach_Nordnordost,_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ETH-BIB-Malix%2C_Blick_nach_Nordnordost%2C_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-Malix%2C_Blick_nach_Nordnordost%2C_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ETH-BIB-Malix%2C_Blick_nach_Nordnordost%2C_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ETH-BIB-Malix%2C_Blick_nach_Nordnordost%2C_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ETH-BIB-Malix%2C_Blick_nach_Nordnordost%2C_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif/lossy-page1-440px-ETH-BIB-Malix%2C_Blick_nach_Nordnordost%2C_Churer_Rheintal-LBS_H1-018160.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6736" data-file-height="4750" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view (1954)</figcaption></figure> <p>Malix has an area, as of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, of 12.6 km<sup>2</sup> (4.9 sq mi). Of this area, 41.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 46.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (6.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality is located in the Churwalden sub-district of the Plessur district at the entrance to the Churwalden valley. It consists of the <i>haufendorf</i> village (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square)of Malix and the sections of Kreuz and Spina. The municipalities of Malix and Parpan merged on 1 January 2010 into Churwalden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malix has a population (as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 709, of which 11.4% are foreign nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-Population_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 4.3%. Most of the population (as of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) speaks German (90.6%), with <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> being second most common ( 3.6%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 2.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.<sup id="cite_ref-GR_Numbers_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Numbers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The age distribution, as of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, in Malix is; 91 children or 13.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 51 teenagers or 7.7% are 10 to 14, and 35 teenagers or 5.3% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 64 people or 9.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 114 people or 17.2% are 30 to 39, 103 people or 15.5% are 40 to 49, and 77 people or 11.6% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 70 people or 10.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 33 people or 5.0% are 70 to 79, there are 22 people or 3.3% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 0.5% who are 90 to 99.<sup id="cite_ref-Population_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2007_Swiss_federal_election" title="2007 Swiss federal election">2007 federal election</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP</a> which received 39.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP</a> (30.2%), the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Free Democratic Party of Switzerland">FDP</a> (15.7%) and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP</a> (12.9%).<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Malix about 80.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary" title="Education in Switzerland">upper secondary education</a> or additional higher education (either University or a <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malix has an unemployment rate of 1.96%. As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 26 people employed in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary economic sector</a> and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 28 people are employed in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> and there are 6 businesses in this sector. 74 people are employed in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, with 20 businesses in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The historical population is given in the following table:<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>year </th> <th>population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1623 </td> <td>c. 375 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1850 </td> <td>426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900 </td> <td>340 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td>450 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>663 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dreibündenstein"><span id="Dreib.C3.BCndenstein"></span>Dreibündenstein</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dreibündenstein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg/220px-Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg/330px-Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg/440px-Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Dreibündenstein, 1915 erected stone to mark the border of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Dreibündenstein</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romanish</a>: Term bel</i>) is a marker erected at the intersection of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a> (<a href="/wiki/League_of_God%27s_House" title="League of God's House">League of God's House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Ten_Jurisdictions" title="League of the Ten Jurisdictions">League of the Ten Jurisdictions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grey_League" title="Grey League">Grey League</a>) which would found the modern canton of <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>. The stone is at an altitude of 2,160 m (7,090 ft) on the border between the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Domat/Ems" title="Domat/Ems">Domat/Ems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scheid" title="Scheid">Scheid</a> village (now part of <a href="/wiki/Tomils" title="Tomils">Tomils</a> municipality) and Malix. The original stone dates from 1722, and today is in the Rätian Museum in <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>. In 1742, Nicolin Sererhard mentions three stones. The <i>Sektion Rhätia</i> (Rhätian Section) of the Swiss Alpine club built this 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) tall stone marker in 1915. In 1970 a <a href="/wiki/Chair_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair lift">chair lift</a> was added to mountain, making it easier to reach the marker.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fusion-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fusion_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101118021059/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.128095.pdf">Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz, Mutationsmeldungen 2009 / Répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse, Mutations 2009 / Elenco ufficiale dei Comuni della Svizzera, Mutazione 2009</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Federal Statistical Office. 2009. 3166. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.128095.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Amtliches+Gemeindeverzeichnis+der+Schweiz%2C+Mutationsmeldungen+2009+%2F+R%C3%A9pertoire+officiel+des+communes+de+Suisse%2C+Mutations+2009+%2F+Elenco+ufficiale+dei+Comuni+della+Svizzera%2C+Mutazione+2009&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Finfothek%2Fnomenklaturen%2Fblank%2Fblank%2Fgem_liste%2F03.Document.128095.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Malix</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D1583.php"><span title="Malix in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F1583.php"><span title="Malix in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I1583.php"><span title="Malix in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFSO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/regionalportraets/gemeindesuche.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904041839/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/regionalportraets/gemeindesuche.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 27-Oct-2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx">Graubunden Population Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827132227/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx">Archived</a> 2009-08-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 21 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR_Numbers-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR_Numbers_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx">Graubunden in Numbers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000647/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx">Archived</a> 2009-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 21 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dreibündenstein</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D15275.php"><span title="Dreibündenstein in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F15275.php"><span title="Dreibündenstein in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I15275.php"><span title="Dreibündenstein in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/236595192">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCm6WWqhtKMX6QG9CvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/001583">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐757bd46c9‐gn689 Cached time: 20241006041458 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.633 seconds Real time usage: 1.119 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6525/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 72284/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 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735944	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supporting%20character	Supporting character	A supporting character is an important fictional character in any book, movie or television show who is not the protagonist. Fictional characters	<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Character in a narrative that is not focused on by the primary storyline</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Supporting role" redirects here. For the 1989 Cuban film, see <a href="/wiki/Supporting_Roles" title="Supporting Roles">Supporting Roles</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2012 American film, see <a href="/wiki/Supporting_Characters" title="Supporting Characters">Supporting Characters</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Supporting_actor" title="Supporting actor">Supporting actor</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236091366">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Supporting_character" title="Special:EditPage/Supporting character">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Supporting+character%22">"Supporting character"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Supporting+character%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Supporting+character%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Supporting+character%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Supporting+character%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Supporting+character%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>supporting character</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Character_(arts)" title="Character (arts)">character</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> that is not the focus of the primary <a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">storyline</a>, but is important to the plot/protagonist,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appears or is mentioned in the story enough to be more than just a minor character or a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearance</a>. Sometimes, supporting characters may develop a complex <a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">backstory</a> of their own,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this is usually in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">main character</a>, rather than entirely independently. In television, supporting characters may appear in more than half of <a href="/wiki/Episode" title="Episode">episodes</a> per season. Some examples of well-known supporting characters include <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Watson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> stories, <a href="/wiki/Donkey_(Shrek)" title="Donkey (Shrek)">Donkey</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Shrek_(franchise)" title="Shrek (franchise)">Shrek</a></i> films, and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Weasley" title="Ron Weasley">Ron Weasley</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a></i> series. </p><p>In some cases, especially in ongoing material such as <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic books</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">television series</a>, supporting characters themselves may become main characters in a <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spin-off</a> if they gain sufficient approval from their audience.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supporting_character&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">Cameo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit player">Bit player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henchman" title="Henchman">Henchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidekick" title="Sidekick">Sidekick</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supporting_character&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-supporting-character-definition/">"What is a Supporting Character and why are they Important"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+Supporting+Character+and+why+are+they+Important&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiobinder.com%2Fblog%2Fwhat-is-a-supporting-character-definition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupporting+character" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.writingmastery.com/blog/how-to-write-stellar-supporting-characters">"How to Write Stellar Supporting Characters"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Write+Stellar+Supporting+Characters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.writingmastery.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-to-write-stellar-supporting-characters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupporting+character" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/minions-5-character-spinoff-films-808201">"6 Characters Who Became the Stars of Their Own Spinoff Films"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. December 7, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921192110/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/minions-5-character-spinoff-films-808201">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Confidant">Confidant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteragonist" title="Deuteragonist">Deuteragonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_protagonist" title="False protagonist">False protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_character" title="Focal character">Focal character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_(narrative)" title="Foil (narrative)">Foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_double" title="Gothic double">Gothic double</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamartia" title="Hamartia">Hamartia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Anti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">Protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">Straight man</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supporting character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_character" title="Title character">Title character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritagonist" title="Tritagonist">Tritagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">Plot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ab_ovo" title="Ab ovo">Ab ovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(narrative)" title="Action (narrative)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">Backstory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">Origin story</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov%27s_gun" title="Chekhov's gun">Chekhov's gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">Cliché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">Cliffhanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_(narrative)" title="Conflict (narrative)">Conflict</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deus_ex_machina" title="Deus ex machina">Deus ex machina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_in_writing" title="Dialogue in writing">Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Dramatic structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucatastrophe" title="Eucatastrophe">Eucatastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadowing" title="Foreshadowing">Foreshadowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)" title="Flashback (narrative)">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashforward" title="Flashforward">Flashforward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">Frame story</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kish%C5%8Dtenketsu" title="Kishōtenketsu">Kishōtenketsu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGuffin" title="MacGuffin">MacGuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_(narrative)" title="Pace (narrative)">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">Plot device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_twist" title="Plot twist">Plot twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_justice" title="Poetic justice">Poetic justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">Red herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reveal_(narrative)" title="Reveal (narrative)">Reveal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-insertion" title="Self-insertion">Self-insertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaggy_dog_story" title="Shaggy dog story">Shaggy dog story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_arc" title="Story arc">Story arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_within_a_story" title="Story within a story">Story within a story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subplot" title="Subplot">Subplot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspense" title="Suspense">Suspense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Trope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Setting_(narrative)" title="Setting (narrative)">Setting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">Backstory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(fiction)" title="Crossover (fiction)">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_location" title="Fictional location">Fictional location</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional city">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_country" title="Fictional country">country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">parallel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">Worldbuilding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theme_(narrative)" title="Theme (narrative)">Theme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_development" title="Moral development">Moral development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(narrative)" title="Motif (narrative)">Motif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deal_with_the_Devil" title="Deal with the Devil">Deal with the Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">Conflict between good and evil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-fulfilling_prophecy" title="Self-fulfilling prophecy">Self-fulfilling prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">Time travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Writing_style" title="Writing style">Style</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathos" title="Bathos">Bathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_relief" title="Comic relief">Comic relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diction" title="Diction">Diction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">Figure of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagery" title="Imagery">Imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_(literature)" title="Mode (literature)">Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_(literature)" title="Mood (literature)">Mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_narrative_techniques" title="List of narrative techniques">Narrative techniques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_hook" title="Narrative hook">Hook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show,_don%27t_tell" title="Show, don't tell">Show, don't tell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylistic_device" title="Stylistic device">Stylistic device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief" title="Suspension of disbelief">Suspension of disbelief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_(literature)" title="Tone (literature)">Tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_(drama)" title="Act (drama)">Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Act structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-act_structure" title="Three-act structure">Three-act structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freytag%27s_Pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Freytag's Pyramid">Freytag's Pyramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_(narrative)" title="Exposition (narrative)">Exposition</a>/<a href="/wiki/Protasis" title="Protasis">Protasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitasis" title="Epitasis">Rising action/Epitasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climax_(narrative)" title="Climax (narrative)">Climax</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peripeteia" title="Peripeteia">Peripeteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastasis" title="Catastasis">Falling action/Catastasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(drama)" title="Catastrophe (drama)">Denouement/Catastrophe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative structure">Linear narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">Nonlinear narrative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_films" title="List of nonlinear narrative films">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_television_series" title="List of nonlinear narrative television series">television series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premise_(narrative)" title="Premise (narrative)">Premise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_fiction_with_multiple_endings" title="Types of fiction with multiple endings">Types of fiction with multiple endings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_narrative_forms" title="List of narrative forms">Form</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabliau" title="Fabliau">Fabliau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fiction" title="Flash fiction">Flash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_tale" title="Tall tale">Tall tale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamebook" title="Gamebook">Gamebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_art" title="Narrative art">Narrative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">Narrative poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignette_(literature)" title="Vignette (literature)">Vignette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">Genre</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_genres" title="List of writing genres">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">Fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_fiction" title="Action fiction">Action fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_fiction" title="Adventure fiction">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_fiction" title="Crime fiction">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">Epistolary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergodic_literature" title="Ergodic literature">Ergodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_literature" title="Erotic literature">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_fiction" title="Nautical fiction">Nautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_fiction" title="Paranoid fiction">Paranoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_fiction" title="Philosophical fiction">Philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">Picaresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_fiction" title="Political fiction">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_culture_fiction" title="Pop culture fiction">Pop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_fiction" title="Psychological fiction">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspirational_fiction" title="Inspirational fiction">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_novel" title="Romance novel">Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(prose_fiction)" title="Romance (prose fiction)">Prose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_fiction" title="Theological fiction">Theological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fiction" title="Urban fiction">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_fiction" title="Western fiction">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonfiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfiction">Nonfiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-fiction_novel" title="Non-fiction novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_nonfiction" title="Creative nonfiction">Creative</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">Diegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-person narrative">Second-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person narrative">Third-person</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person omniscient narrative">Third-person omniscient narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration#Subjective_or_objective" title="Narration">Subjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">Unreliable narrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiperspectivity" title="Multiperspectivity">Multiple narrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">Stream of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_unconsciousness" title="Stream of unconsciousness">Stream of unconsciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">Tense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominant_narrative" title="Dominant narrative">Dominant narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiction_writing" title="Fiction writing">Fiction writing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_(fiction)" title="Continuity (fiction)">Continuity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(fiction)" title="Canon (fiction)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboot_(fiction)" title="Reboot (fiction)">Reboot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroactive_continuity" title="Retroactive continuity">Retcon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_novel" title="Parallel novel">Parallel novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prequel" title="Prequel">Prequel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sequel" title="Sequel">Sequel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">Genre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_genres" title="List of genres">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_theory" title="Literary theory">Literary theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_identity" title="Narrative identity">Narrative identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_paradigm" title="Narrative paradigm">Narrative paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_therapy" title="Narrative therapy">Narrative therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narratology" title="Narratology">Narratology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">Metafiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_narrative" title="Political narrative">Political narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms" title="Glossary of rhetorical terms">Glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">Screenwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">Storytelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellability" title="Tellability">Tellability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisimilitude_(fiction)" title="Verisimilitude (fiction)">Verisimilitude</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" 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218679	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement%20%28music%29	Arrangement (music)	"An arrangement of a musical composition is a reworking of a piece of music so that it can be played(...TRUNCATED)	"<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"redirectMsg\"><(...TRUNCATED)
377449	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Shortland	John Shortland	"Lieutenant John Shortland (1769-1810) was an English naval officer who explored and named the Hunte(...TRUNCATED)	"<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescriptio(...TRUNCATED)
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