ntnu-smil/cefr-descriptors · Datasets at Hugging Face

aspect stringclasses 13 values	level stringclasses 7 values	descriptor stringlengths 35 86
Propositional precision	C2	Gives emphasis, differentiates and eliminates ambiguity precisely.
Propositional precision	C2	Uses modality to calibrate commitment and evidential stance.
Propositional precision	C2	Chooses scope-defining adverbs and clauses with care.
Propositional precision	C2	Disambiguates referents and conditions in complex arguments.
Propositional precision	C1	Qualifies opinions precisely for degree of certainty or doubt.
Propositional precision	C1	Signals likelihood and commitment with nuanced modal choice.
Propositional precision	C1	Balances hedging and assertiveness to match intent.
Propositional precision	C1	Recasts statements to refine scope and exceptions.
Propositional precision	C1	Marks contrastive focus to highlight intended readings.
Propositional precision	B2	Passes on detailed information reliably in demanding situations.
Propositional precision	B2	Communicates essentials even when expressive power is limited.
Propositional precision	B2	Avoids overgeneralisation by adding relevant qualifiers.
Propositional precision	B2	Uses examples to pin down intended meaning.
Propositional precision	B2	Clarifies conditionality and constraints when requested.
Propositional precision	B1	Explains main points of an idea with reasonable precision.
Propositional precision	B1	Conveys straightforward information of immediate relevance clearly.
Propositional precision	B1	States the key point they want to make comprehensibly.
Propositional precision	B1	Repairs vague wordings by restating with simpler detail.
Propositional precision	B1	Chooses concrete nouns to avoid ambiguity in narration.
Propositional precision	A2	Communicates what they want in simple, direct exchanges.
Propositional precision	A2	Compromises message outside familiar routines when needed.
Propositional precision	A2	Adds basic qualifiers like time and place to clarify.
Propositional precision	A2	Uses simple contrasts to sharpen meaning.
Propositional precision	A1	Gives basic personal information in a simple, clear way.
Propositional precision	A1	Uses very common adjectives to specify simple needs.
Propositional precision	Pre-A1	States very basic personal facts in a simple manner.
Propositional precision	C2	Distinguishes assertion from speculation explicitly.
Propositional precision	C1	Marks degrees of probability using graded expressions.
Propositional precision	B2	Signals limitations of claims with brief caveats.
Propositional precision	B1	Summarises key detail without unnecessary digression.
Propositional precision	A2	Adds one detail at a time to be understood.
General linguistic range	C2	Exploits a very wide range to formulate thoughts with precision.
General linguistic range	C2	Gives emphasis and removes ambiguity without restricting content.
General linguistic range	C2	Selects complex structures flexibly to convey subtle distinctions.
General linguistic range	C2	Shows no sign of needing to limit what they want to say.
General linguistic range	C2	Repackages ideas to differentiate close meanings effortlessly.
General linguistic range	C2	Combines resources to refine stance and focus.
General linguistic range	C2	Alternates formulations to maintain clarity at high complexity.
General linguistic range	C2	Keeps message precise under demanding communicative goals.
General linguistic range	C2	Adapts structure and range to nuanced audiences instantly.
General linguistic range	C2	Balances concision and richness without loss of precision.
General linguistic range	C1	Uses a broad range of complex grammar appropriately and flexibly.
General linguistic range	C1	Selects an apt formulation without curbing intended message.
General linguistic range	C1	Varies packaging of information to suit context.
General linguistic range	C1	Maintains expressive scope across topics and genres.
General linguistic range	C1	Switches between concise and elaborate structures as needed.
General linguistic range	C1	Keeps control when rephrasing complex content on the fly.
General linguistic range	C1	Deploys alternative structures to highlight emphasis.
General linguistic range	C1	Handles embedded clauses and long turns comfortably.
General linguistic range	C1	Matches structure to purpose with little searching.
General linguistic range	C1	Sustains detailed argumentation without narrowing range.
General linguistic range	B2	Expresses clearly with little sign of restriction.
General linguistic range	B2	Gives clear descriptions and develops viewpoints.
General linguistic range	B2	Uses some complex sentence forms to structure arguments.
General linguistic range	B2	Reformulates to avoid repetition when needed.
General linguistic range	B2	Stretches beyond comfort zone while remaining intelligible.
General linguistic range	B2	Balances general statements with specific elaboration.
General linguistic range	B2	Manages contrast and concession within a single turn.
General linguistic range	B2	Keeps control when explaining unfamiliar processes.
General linguistic range	B2	Combines clauses to present multi-step reasoning.
General linguistic range	B2	Signals scope and limitations with suitable forms.
General linguistic range	B1	Has enough range to describe unpredictable situations.
General linguistic range	B1	Explains main points of an idea with reasonable precision.
General linguistic range	B1	Gets by using circumlocutions on everyday topics.
General linguistic range	B1	Sustains talk about work, hobbies, travel and current events.
General linguistic range	B1	Uses simple subordination to add supporting detail.
General linguistic range	B1	Keeps storyline coherent despite lexical gaps.
General linguistic range	B1	Switches between description and short opinion statements.
General linguistic range	B1	Uses sequence markers to outline steps.
General linguistic range	B1	Combines basic patterns to express contrast and cause.
General linguistic range	B1	Attempts paraphrase to recover from breakdowns.
General linguistic range	A2	Uses a basic repertoire to handle predictable everyday content.
General linguistic range	A2	Produces brief expressions to meet simple needs.
General linguistic range	A2	Relies on memorised phrases and short patterns.
General linguistic range	A2	Searches for words yet keeps essential message.
General linguistic range	A2	Describes routine activities with fixed frames.
General linguistic range	A2	Combines short clauses to extend beyond single words.
General linguistic range	A1	Uses very simple expressions for personal details and concrete needs.
General linguistic range	A1	Forms one-clause sentences with occasional omissions.
General linguistic range	A1	Builds short statements about everyday objects.
General linguistic range	A1	Depends on set phrases to convey basic facts.
Vocabulary control	C2	Chooses vocabulary consistently correctly and appropriately.
Vocabulary control	C2	Keeps lexical choice precise even under pressure.
Vocabulary control	C2	Avoids word choice errors across registers and topics.
Vocabulary control	C2	Maintains idiomaticity without slips in selection.
Vocabulary control	C2	Controls near-synonyms to calibrate nuance accurately.
Vocabulary control	C2	Sustains collocational accuracy across complex texts.
Vocabulary control	C2	Prevents domain shifts from causing lexical drift.
Vocabulary control	C2	Monitors and self-corrects rare lapses immediately.
Vocabulary control	C2	Selects conventional phraseology for genre expectations.
Vocabulary control	C2	Keeps terminology consistent throughout an extended piece.
Vocabulary control	C1	Uses less common vocabulary idiomatically and appropriately.
Vocabulary control	C1	Occasional minor slips occur but cause no misunderstanding.
Vocabulary control	C1	Tracks collocations typical of advanced use reliably.
Vocabulary control	C1	Varies lexical selection to match stance and register.
Vocabulary control	C1	Avoids false friends when switching topics.
Vocabulary control	C1	Maintains accurate selection in fast interaction.
Vocabulary control	C1	Keeps multiword expressions stable across contexts.
Vocabulary control	C1	Aligns technical terms with field conventions.
Vocabulary control	C1	Balances vivid choices with appropriacy.

Propositional precision

C2

Gives emphasis, differentiates and eliminates ambiguity precisely.

Propositional precision

C2

Uses modality to calibrate commitment and evidential stance.

Propositional precision

C2

Chooses scope-defining adverbs and clauses with care.

Propositional precision

C2

Disambiguates referents and conditions in complex arguments.

Propositional precision

C1

Qualifies opinions precisely for degree of certainty or doubt.

Propositional precision

C1

Signals likelihood and commitment with nuanced modal choice.

Propositional precision

C1

Balances hedging and assertiveness to match intent.

Propositional precision

C1

Recasts statements to refine scope and exceptions.

Propositional precision

C1

Marks contrastive focus to highlight intended readings.

Propositional precision

B2

Passes on detailed information reliably in demanding situations.

Propositional precision

B2

Communicates essentials even when expressive power is limited.

Propositional precision

B2

Avoids overgeneralisation by adding relevant qualifiers.

Propositional precision

B2

Uses examples to pin down intended meaning.

Propositional precision

B2

Clarifies conditionality and constraints when requested.

Propositional precision

B1

Explains main points of an idea with reasonable precision.

Propositional precision

B1

Conveys straightforward information of immediate relevance clearly.

Propositional precision

B1

States the key point they want to make comprehensibly.

Propositional precision

B1

Repairs vague wordings by restating with simpler detail.

Propositional precision

B1

Chooses concrete nouns to avoid ambiguity in narration.

Propositional precision

A2

Communicates what they want in simple, direct exchanges.

Propositional precision

A2

Compromises message outside familiar routines when needed.

Propositional precision

A2

Adds basic qualifiers like time and place to clarify.

Propositional precision

A2

Uses simple contrasts to sharpen meaning.

Propositional precision

A1

Gives basic personal information in a simple, clear way.

Propositional precision

A1

Uses very common adjectives to specify simple needs.

Propositional precision

Pre-A1

States very basic personal facts in a simple manner.

Propositional precision

C2

Distinguishes assertion from speculation explicitly.

Propositional precision

C1

Marks degrees of probability using graded expressions.

Propositional precision

B2

Signals limitations of claims with brief caveats.

Propositional precision

B1

Summarises key detail without unnecessary digression.

Propositional precision

A2

Adds one detail at a time to be understood.

General linguistic range

C2

Exploits a very wide range to formulate thoughts with precision.

General linguistic range

C2

Gives emphasis and removes ambiguity without restricting content.

General linguistic range

C2

Selects complex structures flexibly to convey subtle distinctions.

General linguistic range

C2

Shows no sign of needing to limit what they want to say.

General linguistic range

C2

Repackages ideas to differentiate close meanings effortlessly.

General linguistic range

C2

Combines resources to refine stance and focus.

General linguistic range

C2

Alternates formulations to maintain clarity at high complexity.

General linguistic range

C2

Keeps message precise under demanding communicative goals.

General linguistic range

C2

Adapts structure and range to nuanced audiences instantly.

General linguistic range

C2

Balances concision and richness without loss of precision.

General linguistic range

C1

Uses a broad range of complex grammar appropriately and flexibly.

General linguistic range

C1

Selects an apt formulation without curbing intended message.

General linguistic range

C1

Varies packaging of information to suit context.

General linguistic range

C1

Maintains expressive scope across topics and genres.

General linguistic range

C1

Switches between concise and elaborate structures as needed.

General linguistic range

C1

Keeps control when rephrasing complex content on the fly.

General linguistic range

C1

Deploys alternative structures to highlight emphasis.

General linguistic range

C1

Handles embedded clauses and long turns comfortably.

General linguistic range

C1

Matches structure to purpose with little searching.

General linguistic range

C1

Sustains detailed argumentation without narrowing range.

General linguistic range

B2

Expresses clearly with little sign of restriction.

General linguistic range

B2

Gives clear descriptions and develops viewpoints.

General linguistic range

B2

Uses some complex sentence forms to structure arguments.

General linguistic range

B2

Reformulates to avoid repetition when needed.

General linguistic range

B2

Stretches beyond comfort zone while remaining intelligible.

General linguistic range

B2

Balances general statements with specific elaboration.

General linguistic range

B2

Manages contrast and concession within a single turn.

General linguistic range

B2

Keeps control when explaining unfamiliar processes.

General linguistic range

B2

Combines clauses to present multi-step reasoning.

General linguistic range

B2

Signals scope and limitations with suitable forms.

General linguistic range

B1

Has enough range to describe unpredictable situations.

General linguistic range

B1

Explains main points of an idea with reasonable precision.

General linguistic range

B1

Gets by using circumlocutions on everyday topics.

General linguistic range

B1

Sustains talk about work, hobbies, travel and current events.

General linguistic range

B1

Uses simple subordination to add supporting detail.

General linguistic range

B1

Keeps storyline coherent despite lexical gaps.

General linguistic range

B1

Switches between description and short opinion statements.

General linguistic range

B1

Uses sequence markers to outline steps.

General linguistic range

B1

Combines basic patterns to express contrast and cause.

General linguistic range

B1

Attempts paraphrase to recover from breakdowns.

General linguistic range

A2

Uses a basic repertoire to handle predictable everyday content.

General linguistic range

A2

Produces brief expressions to meet simple needs.

General linguistic range

A2

Relies on memorised phrases and short patterns.

General linguistic range

A2

Searches for words yet keeps essential message.

General linguistic range

A2

Describes routine activities with fixed frames.

General linguistic range

A2

Combines short clauses to extend beyond single words.

General linguistic range

A1

Uses very simple expressions for personal details and concrete needs.

General linguistic range

A1

Forms one-clause sentences with occasional omissions.

General linguistic range

A1

Builds short statements about everyday objects.

General linguistic range

A1

Depends on set phrases to convey basic facts.

Vocabulary control

C2

Chooses vocabulary consistently correctly and appropriately.

Vocabulary control

C2

Keeps lexical choice precise even under pressure.

Vocabulary control

C2

Avoids word choice errors across registers and topics.

Vocabulary control

C2

Maintains idiomaticity without slips in selection.

Vocabulary control

C2

Controls near-synonyms to calibrate nuance accurately.

Vocabulary control

C2

Sustains collocational accuracy across complex texts.

Vocabulary control

C2

Prevents domain shifts from causing lexical drift.

Vocabulary control

C2

Monitors and self-corrects rare lapses immediately.

Vocabulary control

C2

Selects conventional phraseology for genre expectations.

Vocabulary control

C2

Keeps terminology consistent throughout an extended piece.

Vocabulary control

C1

Uses less common vocabulary idiomatically and appropriately.

Vocabulary control

C1

Occasional minor slips occur but cause no misunderstanding.

Vocabulary control

C1

Tracks collocations typical of advanced use reliably.

Vocabulary control

C1

Varies lexical selection to match stance and register.

Vocabulary control

C1

Avoids false friends when switching topics.

Vocabulary control

C1

Maintains accurate selection in fast interaction.

Vocabulary control

C1

Keeps multiword expressions stable across contexts.

Vocabulary control

C1

Aligns technical terms with field conventions.

Vocabulary control

C1

Balances vivid choices with appropriacy.